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The treatment of chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection has seen tremendous advances over just a quarter of a century, since 1989 when the virus was discovered (1), to the present day, when the infection can be cured, which is something quite unique in viral infections and even in modern medicine (2). The interferon...
A 22-year - old male presented with decreased vision in his right eye since 1 month . Best - corrected visual acuity (bcva) was hand motions close to face with accurate projection of rays in his right eye, and 20/60 in his left eye . On fundus examination, he was found to have xlr with typical foveal schisis bilaterall...
In 1990, the direct gene transfer of plasmid dna into mouse muscle in vivo without the need for a special delivery system was demonstrated . Furthermore, intramuscular inoculation with plasmid dna encoding reporter genes induced protein expression within the muscle cells . This study provided evidence for the idea that...
It acts as a primary restraint against posterior displacement and, in concert with the anterior cruciate ligament (acl), to regulate external rotation of the knee during extension . The most commonly reported mechanism of injury to the pcl is a posteriorly directed blow to the anterior aspect of the proximal tibia with...
Primary hepatic lymphoma (phl) is a rare malignancy usually presenting with abdominal pain, anorexia, hepatomegaly and jaundice . Diffuse hepatic involvement is exceedingly rare with only few cases of fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) due to phl reported in the literature.1- 5 here, we present a case with prolonged fever...
Asthma is characterized by irreversible obstruction and chronic inflammation of the airways, and is traditionally considered a t helper 2 (th2-)cell driven inflammatory disorder . However, an important role for the innate immune system in addition to the adaptive immune system is increasingly being recognized in asthma...
Depression is an extremely common pathological complex with psychological, neuroendocrine, and pathological symptoms . It is a leading cause of disability worldwide and has a very significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and health care cost [24]. Disconcertion in monoaminergic neurotransmission especially serotonin...
Without much risk of controversy, one can safely assume that we all want more people in our society to learn, develop expertise, and innovate; fewer people to fail to thrive or to become dependent on damaging substances or behaviors; and for more people to experience a greater sense of well being . But we would also ag...
Yoga is an ancient indian science as well as the way of life, which includes the practice of specific posture (asana) and regulated breathing (pranayama). Different types of pranayama were reported to produce different cardiovascular and autonomic responses in healthy individuals . Bhramari pranayama (humming bee breat...
Pupil dilatation unresponsive to light stimuli and decreased constriction response to accommodation, with denervation supersensitivity to dilute cholinergic agents, is known as tonic pupil . Most tonic pupil cases are idiopathic, but among all known causes, trauma is the most frequent . It has been described following ...
Despite the improvement in the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) remains a major public health problem; it is the eighth most common cancer worldwide . Oral leukoplakia (olk) and oral submucous fibrosis (osf) are potentially malignant disorders with a high risk of transitioning ...
He also had a history of sexual dysfunction, for which he was prescribed udenafil . He took his first dose of 100 mg udenafil three days before his visit to our clinic . The next day he found that his eye was mildly irritated, and he had a mild headache . He discussed these symptoms with his urologist, and his symptoms...
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1 dm) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders among children worldwide; annually an estimated of 65,000 children develop the disease and its incidence is increasing 3% each year (1). Between 10 to 70% of these children present in diabetic ketoacidosis (dka) as their first presentatio...
Antiphospholipid syndrome (aps) in pregnancy may trigger the life - threatening catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (caps). Complement activation is implicated in the pathogenesis, and inhibition of complement factor c5 is suggested as an additional treatment option . We present a pregnant patient treated with the c...
Uveitis is inflammation of the middle - lining layer of the eye, comprising the iris, ciliary body, and choroid . It may involve other adjacent tissues, such as the retina, optic nerve, and vitreous humor . It accounts for up to 10% of legal blindness in united states and about 25% in the developing countries [2, 3]. T...
Following the discovery of the lysosome by the nobel prize winner christian de duve in 1955 (de duve et al . 1955), research into the biochemistry, molecular biology and pathology of the lysosomal system unravelled many of its functions . Nowadays, genetic lysosomal storage disorders (lsds) represent a group of about 5...
Dna sequences were designed using program sequin.23 dna strands, including iodinated derivatives were synthesized by standard phosphoramidite techniques on an applied biosystems 394 dna synthesizer . Strands were doubly purified by reverse - phase hplc using a c-18 column (waters). Crystals were grown from 80 l sitting...
As indicated in the millennium development goals, decreasing maternal deaths is one of the most important global health objectives . With improved access to maternal health services, particularly in rural areas, maternal mortality ratios (mmr) however, although access to maternal health services has improved, their use...
Advanced chronic renal failure is a progressive and irreversible disorder in which the kidneys ability to excrete metabolic waste products and to maintain fluid and electrolytes is lost and can lead to uremia . Chronic renal failure and end - stage renal diseases (esrds) are progressive and irreversible disorders and o...
Pioglitazone is the only thiazolidinedione (tzd) that is currently available in europe . During the last few years, the focus has been on the side - effect profile of this group of medications . In 2007, following a meta - analysis by nissen et al . On the cardiovascular safety of rosiglitazone, it was shown that rosig...
The clinical history and investigation could raise the possibility of malignant disease in differential diagnoses . Young adult known case of essential hypertension on medication started to complain of bilateral flank pain which was intermittent not severe localized to his flank with no other symptoms . His laboratory ...
Histopathologic classification of pancreatic endocrine neoplasms is complex and the recent world health organization (who) classification of tumors of the digestive system divides pancreatic endocrine tumors into three grades based on mitotic rate and proliferation index (pi) as determined by ki-67 immunohistochemical ...
The first line therapeutic modality for non - surgical patients with large and multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) who do not have vascular invasion or extrahepatic spread is transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (tace). However, transcatheter arterial radioembolization (tare) with yttrium-90 (y)-labeled micro...
Parkinson's disease (pd) is associated with a selective loss of the neurons in the midbrain area called the substantia nigra pars compacta . These neurons contain the neurotransmitter dopamine (da), and their projecting nerve fibers reside in the striatum . Because these neurons control voluntary movements, the degener...
Female patient aged 75 years who had no history of chronic disease apart from depression presented at outpatient clinic with complaints of lassitude, loss of appetite, exertional dyspnea for 4 months, and dry coughing for 2 months . Her examination revealed marked decrease in respiratory sounds at basal segments of the...
A major blunt abdominal trauma is the leading cause of hepatic injury and significant damage to the biliary tract causing intrahepatic biloma, intraperitoneal bile leak and hemobilia . Partial liver resection has been widely used as an effective treatment for severely injured liver . Bile leak is a serious complication...
Peripheral nerve injuries produce acute pain and often induce neuropathic pain, a severe clinical problem and chronic debilitating condition that affects the nervous system . Neuropathic pain is relatively common and impairs the quality of life of sufferers . In the past few decades, neuropathic pain animal models have...
Respiratory muscle weakness is commonplace in critically ill patients, impairing the ability of those patients to breath, prolonging the need for ventilatory support, and increasing the likelihood of respiratory failure when that support is removed . Infections and endotoxemia reduce respiratory muscle strength, probab...
Enhancing the binding potency of carbohydrate inhibitors of protein carbohydrate interactions is an important step towards improved medicinal applications.1 this is mostly the case because of the relatively weak interactions between proteins and carbohydrate ligands . Ensuring multivalency of ligands is a proven method...
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) is a potentially life - saving intervention following cardiac arrest . However, it may be associated with traumatic injury to the upper abdominal organs, namely the liver, stomach and spleen [24]. We here describe a rare case of occult splenic rupture complicating resuscitation effor...
Nocturnal sleep of patients suffering from various forms of dementia is often impaired by nocturnal agitation or nocturnal wandering . Anticonvulsives such as carbamazepine or valproate are reported to have some therapeutic efficacy, but there is little information about other drugs suitable for treatment of this condi...
Moreover, secondary syphilis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any dermatosis which is atypical . We are reporting a case of secondary syphilis, without any history of a primary lesion, that resembled borderline lepromatous (bl) leprosy, and in whom the diagnosis was considered on clinical grounds ....
Bone marrow was isolated from adult male new zealand white rabbit femurs via aspiration with an 18-gauge needle . The cells in the bone marrow were expanded in monolayer culture and split and subcultured according to standard protocols developed for rat models.16 17 approximately 5 10 cells were placed in each treatmen...
Three - dimensional (3d) computed tomography (ct) provides accurate and detailed information for diagnosis and treatment planning of dentofacial deformities . Although volume - rendered and multiplanar reconstructed images are mostly used, 3d surface models are more useful in some circumstances, such as evaluation of f...
Growing teratoma syndrome (gts) is a metastatic form of a mature teratoma and involves the clinical and radiological enlargement of metastases during or after chemotherapy for malignant germ cell tumors . In many reported cases, gts occurred at the site of the primary tumor, and the peritoneum of the pelvis and abdomen...
Early life events may play a critical role in determining the susceptibility to chronic diseases (gluckman et al ., 2005). Epidemiological evidence suggests a close relationship between the exposure to a suboptimal in utero environment, whose consequence is intrauterine growth retardation (iugr), and the development of...
The root of ginseng (panax ginseng meyer) has been traditionally used for medicine and food . The primary physiologically - active substances of ginseng are ginsenosides, polyacetylenes, ginseng proteins, polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds . Ginsenosides in particular have been identified as the principal componen...
There is no single topical antiacne medication that acts against all four major pathophysiologic acne features . Retinoids, such as adapalene, are well known for targeting comedones, including microcomedos and precursors of both inflammatory and non - inflammatory lesions, and exerting anti - inflammatory activity on t...
From 1992 to 2000, we collected serum samples from 317 (65 breeds, 146 male, 171 female) dogs seen at a veterinary clinic in arendal, in southern norway . The laboratory received 436 serum specimens . In case of multiple specimens from one dog, collected during several months or years, we controlled the results for pos...
Xanthogranulomas are benign, usually asymptomatic, self - healing, red, yellow, or brown papules, nodules composed of histiocytic cells that predominantly occur in infancy and childhood . Adamson first reported juvenile xanthogranuloma (jxg) in 1905 . But during 1912, mcdonough reviewed the condition and renamed it as ...
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo - hsct) is an established treatment for hematologic malignancy, and more than 15,000 procedures are performed worldwide each year . After hsct, chronic graft - versus - host disease (cgvhd) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality . Indeed, the inciden...
It has numerous adverse health effects and is considered as one of the main predisposing factors for the emerging epidemic of noncommunicable diseases . Nowadays, overweight and obesity are growing in populations with different levels of economic situation . It is estimated that by continuing the actual trend, the glob...
Tuberomamillary nucleus (tmn) neurons expressing the histidine decarboxylase (hdc) gene are the sole neuronal source of histamine [1315]. The hdc gene shows haploinsufficiency: a 2-fold decrease in hdc mrna levels halves the brain content of histamine in mice [16, 17], and in humans, having only one functional hdc alle...
A popular option for the surgical management of gastroesophageal reflux disease is minimally invasive nissen fundoplication . Similar to that of other nonamputative procedures, the successful outcome of a nissen fundoplication is dependent on a technically precise operation in a well - selected patient . Floppy fundopl...
Affective disorders are a leading cause of disabilities worldwide, and the etiology of these many affective disorders such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is due to hormone changes, which includes hypothalamus - pituitary - adrenal (hpa) axis in the peripheral nervous system and neuromodulators i...
According to who, all people aged more than 65 years are defined as old (1). The average annual growth rate of aged population over 65 is annually 2.5% . In iran, the growth rate of 4.3% in 1995 has increased to 5.2% in 2005, and it is estimated to reach more than 7.2% . According to the report of who, by 2050, the num...
To study bacteria at the micrometer scale or single - cell resolution (kreft et al . This can be achieved by microscopy in conjunction with fluorescent markers, e.g. Dyes such as propidium iodide and syto9 allowing to determine the membrane integrity of bacterial cells (berney et al . 2007), fluorescence in situ hybrid...
Diabetes is considered the fifth leading cause of death, and it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world, as well as in many developing countries . Diabetes prevalence (in adults) is reported to be 24% in saudi arabia,1 which is higher than that reported in the developed countries . Accordin...
A stroke involves the rapid loss of brain function due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplied to the brain1 . Common post - stroke motor disorders are spasticity (hypertonia) and muscle synergy that induce distinctive and complex movement patterns1, 2 . Muscle synergy is the mass contraction of multiple muscle ...
We report a case of a 41-year old man presented with a solid mass located in the left temporo - occipital region . The 3d computed tomography showed a large solid mass with high vascularity, skull erosion and supra - infratentorial epidural mass effect . The patient underwent surgery where a soft mass with transverse s...
Surgery is the major therapeutic method in soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity (e - sts). Treatment of large high - grade tumours, which resection cannot be performed with a wide safe margin, should include complementary radiation and/or chemo - therapy . Hopefully, the use of adjuvant brachytherapy will improve the ...
With the increasing dependence on smartphones, computers, and other electronic products, myopia has become the most common vision problem . In the latest nation - wide student physical health monitoring report, the myopia percentage of 22% (nearly 400 million people) in china is 1.5 times of the world average level . I...
Over the past two decades, the emergence of metal organic frameworks (mofs) and covalent organic frameworks (cofs) has reinvigorated the field of crystalline microporous materials, previously dominated by zeolites . However, with widespread applications in areas including, but not restricted to, heterogeneous catalysis...
Radial nerve injury is the most common damage to the peripheral nervous system associated with shaft fractures of long bones . Radial nerve palsy (rnp) occurs in 2% to 17% of the cases in this group . Rnp may be either partial or complete, and complete motor loss occurs in approximately 50% of cases . Depending on the ...
Genome - wide analyses of transcripts have revealed that a significant portion of the rna transcribed by rna polymerase ii is nonprotein - coding (noncoding) rna . In the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe, 371 species of noncoding rna are predicted to be transcribed in vegetatively growing cells (wilhelm et al 20...
Sampled squirrels were from varying locations: private holdings with up to 45 animals per holding, zoological gardens, or roadkill (table 1). Locations represented 3 countries: germany (399 samples from 28 holdings), the netherlands (49 samples from 4 holdings), and the united kingdom (20 samples from roadkill). Most l...
Microwave imaging has recently emerged as one of the most promising non - invasive imaging modalities of the last two decades . Its low cost, non - ionising characteristics justify the considerable interest of the scientific community . Although breast cancer imaging has been the most widely explored applications [1, 2...
Peritoneal tuberculosis has common symptoms with advanced ovarian carcinoma including pelvic pain, mass, ascites, and elevated ca-125 levels . We present here three different cases of coexisting genital carcinoma along with tuberculosis diagnosed on histopathology . Tuberculosis complicating malignant disease may occur...
Cutaneous metastases are of diagnostic importance as they may be the first manifestation of an undiscovered internal malignancy or the first indication of metastasis from a supposedly adequately treated malignancy . As a rule, most regional metastases probably occur through the lymphatic system, while distant metastase...
Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (ccoc) is an extremely uncommon tumor of odontogenic origin, first described by hansen in 1985 . Ccocs were formerly called clear cell ameloblastomas or clear cell odontogenic tumors and were classified under the category of benign tumors in the 1992 world health organization classifica...
Suicidal behavior is known to exist on a continuum ranging from occasional suicidal ideas to serious contemplation to planning to attempt and finally culminating in completed suicides . Understanding this continuum suggests that suicides can be prevented if appropriate steps are taken in identifying the persons at risk...
Hemoglobin is a remarkable molecular machine that uses motion and small structural changes to regulate its action . Once the first heme binds oxygen, it introduces small changes in the structure of the corresponding protein chain . The main function of red blood cell is transfer of o2 from lungs to tissue and transfer ...
An 87-year - old female presented to the prince charles hospital medical imaging service requiring insertion of a peripherally inserted central catheter (picc). The catheter was inserted by an operator who was a radiographer sonographer, credentialed locally in performing the procedure . The catheter's tip position was...
Root - end filling materials are in contact with periradicular tissues, so they should have good sealing ability and be biocompatible to promote healing . Because many of these materials are not able to ensure a perfect seal, a microscopic space is likely to create at the root - end cavity / filling interface, through ...
In toxicogenomics, gene expression data has been used to understand the transcriptional changes in response to exposure to environmental stressors and toxicants . The transcriptome may be a more effective marker or predictor for drug - induced liver injury (dili) compared to other biomarkers (for a review see watkins, ...
Poxviruses are large, double - stranded dna viruses that infect a wide variety of hosts, ranging fromcaterpillars to humans . They are the largest animal virus, with a brick - shape, ranging in size from 200 to 400 nm long and 170 to 200 nm wide . Due to their large size, poxviruses can be visualized with light microsc...
According to world health organization, sadness, loss of confidence, low self - esteem, and less energy are more common among females . In india, about one - fourth (27.7%) of the female population falls in the 15 - 29 years age - group . This age is a transition phase of life associated with spurt of physical, mental,...
The surgical management of cholesteatoma has still remained a controversial subject even over 100 years after the first successful mastoidectomy . Throughout the past decade, the controversy of canal - wall - up mastoidectomy (cwum) versus canal - wall - down mastoidectomy (cwdm) in cholesteatoma was addressed . There ...
Insulin continues to be the main treatment for type 1 diabetes . As effective as insulin is in addition, its dosage is highly variable through the course of a day, depending on diet as well as activity level . Ideally, for insulin to be most effective, it would be administered in amounts that would vary minute by minut...
Neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (ms) is a multifactorial process manifesting from the very onset of the disease [1, 2]. While, in the early stages of ms, neurodegeneration is mainly driven by inflammation, later in the course of the disease several interacting factors are involved . Among well - known and less ...
Sexual dysfunction is a common condition in women with pelvic floor disorders, especially with stress urinary incontinence [13]. Urinary incontinence has a negative impact on quality of life, social, physiological, physical, and sexual well - being in women [3, 57]. In 1995, ulmsten et al . Initially described the deve...
A 60-year - old woman visited daegu catholic university medical center due to periumbillical pain lasting several days . The patient had no medical history except a benign ovarian tumor which she had under gone surgery 13 years earlier . According to physical examination findings, the sound of a regular heart beat and ...
Phosphorylation of the smooth muscle 20 kda myosin light chain (mlc) regulates smooth muscle contraction or vascular tone (1, 2), and mlc phosphorylation is determined by the balance of the activities of mlc kinase and mlc phosphatase (3). There are a number of important signaling pathways in smooth muscle that regulat...
Exercise - induced muscle damage occurs after high - intensity resistance and endurance exercise (santos et al ., 2004; veggi et al ., exercise - induced muscle damage is classified into primary and the secondary damage (howatson and van someren, 2008). Primary muscle damage is related to morphological changes, includi...
The chemokine receptor cxcr3 is a class a seven - transmembrane - domain or g protein - coupled receptor (gpcr) that is involved primarily in chemotaxis of certain immune cells, inhibition of angiogenesis, and th1 cell polarization [13]. Cxcr3 is expressed by various effector t lymphocytes, including cd4 t helper 1 (th...
The columnar organization of neocortex at the minicolumnar (2050 m) and macrocolumnar (300600 m) scales has long been known (see mountcastle, 1997; horton and adams, 2005 for reviews). Minicolumn - scale organization has been demonstrated on several anatomical bases (lorente de no, 1938; defelipe et al ., 1990; peters ...
Ulcerative colitis (cu) and crohn's disease (cd) are known as chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd). There is still some controversy about ibd etiology . Among factors associated with inflammatory bowel disease it has been shown that exacerbation of ibd increases angiogenesis especially in ulcerative colitis [1, 2]...
Femtosecond laser - assisted cataract surgery (flacs) is superior to conventional phacoemulsification in terms of precise wound construction, capsulotomy, intraocular lens (iol) centration, and decreased effective phacoemulsification time.14 flacs is comparable to traditional cataract surgery in terms of intraoperative...
The development of behavioral addictions (bas, also referred to as impulse control disorders) in association with dopamine agonists (das, commonly used to treat parkinson s disease) has been reported (dodd et al ., 2005; driver - dunckley, samanta, & stacy, 2003; szarfman, doraiswamy, tonning, & levine, 2006; weintraub...
Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity all over the world . In 2008, close to 1.4 million cases were diagnosed with breast cancer worldwide . The incidence varies among different populations with high rates seen in developed countries compared to developing countries [2, 3]. In general, breast canc...
An investigation was initiated to characterize the virus and identify the patient s infection source . Phylogenetic inference was based on 9 genes located within the central, conserved region of the genome (supplementary methods). Methods used to identify the patient s infection source included interviews with the pati...
Female sexual function is complex and affected by physical, psychological and social factors.1 the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction is high, ranging from 43% to 88%,2,3 and it may significantly affect self - esteem and quality of life . When chronic, it may lead to anxiety and depression, harm relationships, and...
Assessing susceptibility to diseases based on an individual's genotype has long been a central theme of genetics studies . Among inherited gene variations in humans, nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nssnps) that lead to an amino acid change in the protein product are most relevant to human inherited disea...
Renal artery stenosis is a cause of secondary hypertension which can be cured by surgical or radiological intervention such as percutaneous transluminal renal artery stent placement1). Hyperperfusion syndrome is a rare complication following revascularization of the internal carotid artery2). In case of renal artery st...
The patient was a 46-year - old saudi woman who had chronic hepatitis c, end - stage renal disease of undetermined etiology, and a renal transplant in 1993 . Seizures were usually preceded by epigastric pain and a sensation of nausea for few seconds, followed by left arm posturing and loss of consciousness . She lived ...
A functional fifth metacarpus and functional ulnar fingers are important for the locking grip and supporting grip . The reverse digital artery island flap is a safe and reliable procedure with a high survival rate . The hypothenar area is used as a vascularized flap donor site very infrequently in the clinical practice...
Diabetes mellitus comprises a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia . Several distinct types of diabetes mellitus exist and are caused by a complex interaction of genetic, environmental factors and life style choices . Type-2 diabetes is due to predominantly insulin resistance wi...
The aim of this study is to describe the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ect) in the treatment of methamphetamine - induced withdrawal delirium and craving in a single case . A 44-year - old male presented to the hospital in fars province, iran, with methamphetamine - induced withdrawal delirium who responded to ect ...
High - frequency oscillatory ventilation (hfov), as used by bojan and colleagues, is, at least in theory, an ideal tool for lung - protective ventilation as it allows effective pulmonary gas exchange with the delivery of a very small tidal volume (vt) below dead space and diminished risk of atelectrauma . Numerous anim...
Intravascular lymphoma (ivl) is a rare disease form of malignant lymphoma, and it is characterised by the selective growth of lymphoma cells within the lumina of vessels . Identification of this disease at an early stage is difficult because of its non - specific clinical symptoms and neuroradiological findings . Survi...
One of the grand objectives in microbiome research is understanding how these communities of microorganisms interact with their environment . In the case of the human gut microbiome changes in the host s health status or the ecology of the gut can differentially influence the taxa that comprise the microbiome and restr...
Acute myeloid leukemia (aml) accounts for 80% of acute leukemia in adults with a median age at diagnosis of 65 years . The standard upfront induction regimen for fit adult individuals remains 7 + 3, consisting of 7 days of continuous infusion cytarabine and 3 days of an anthracycline, either daunorubicin or idarubicin ...
Propofol infusion syndrome (pris) was initially described in 1992 as a syndrome with fatal outcome in critically ill children . Further investigation showed that critically ill adults suffer from identical symptoms after administration of propofol . The syndrome was defined by bray in 1998, describing a sudden onset of...
A headline such as depression is associated with increased inflammation reflects a failure to consider that studies generally indicate that the mean value for a given inflammatory biomarker tends to be higher in depressed groups than in groups of non - depressed individuals . This does not mean that all subjects with d...
Sodium picosulfate / magnesium citrate (sp / mc) powder has been widely used for colon cleansing because it has an acceptable taste and a small volume of liquid is required after dissolving it . The effectiveness, safety, and ease of administration of this orange - flavored powder are well established . Adverse effects...
New targeted inhibitors of bcell receptor, such as ibrutinib, yield remarkable responses in patients with cll . An 83yearold man with cll refractory to rituximab and bendamustine presented a massive enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes without histologic transformation into richter syndrome . A transient lymphocytosis...
Urinary tract infection (uti) is the commonest bacterial infectious disease in community practice with a high rate of morbidity and financial cost . It has been estimated that 150 million people were infected with uti per annum worldwide which costing global economy more than 6 billion us dollars . The term cystitis ha...
No clear etiology has been associated with most ependymomas to date . Unlike many other cancers for which existing familial cancer syndromes provided important clues for our initial understanding of tumorigenic mechanisms, there are few known familial ependymoma syndromes . We do know, however, that there is increased ...
Fe(ii)-oxidizing bacteria (feob) gain energy from the chemical oxidation of fe(ii) coupled to reduction of oxygen or nitrate or using light energy coupled to reduction of co2, e.g., anoxygenic photosynthesis . At the near neutral ph of many surface waters, the oxidation of fe(ii) for that reason, cyanobacteria, which g...
Parkinson's disease (pd) is a neurodegenerative disease of dopamine (da) neurons in substantia nigra characterized predominantly by resting tremors, bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, and postural instability, along with several nonmotor symptoms . The disease is associated with a loss of antioxidants or increase in proo...