text stringlengths 0 868k |
|---|
Chromosomal heteromorphisms are interindividual variation of chromosomes without phenotypic consequences and are detected most frequently in 1q12, 9q12, 16q11.2, yq12 and in the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes (13, 14, 15, 21 and 22). In some cases, the enlarged acrocentric p arms of p arm can mask a cryptic tran... |
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah) is a progressive disease that can cause right ventricular (rv) dilatation and dysfunction as a result of increased pulmonary vascular resistance (pvr) and pulmonary arterial (pa) pressure.1)2) echocardiographic evidence of rv systolic dysfunction and clinical features of right - si... |
This was a multicenter, community - based, retrospective observational study of patients with pns, ranging from 8 to 20 mm in diameter, presenting to 18 geographically representative outpatient pulmonary clinics across the united states . The study was approved at 15 sites by a central institutional review board and at... |
Migraine is a chronic disease of the brain that enhances morbidity with complains like photophobia, headache attacks, phonophobia, and nausea . In the second edition of the headache classification by the international headache society, migraine is among the primary headaches and migraine without aura, migraine with aur... |
Radiofrequency ablation of the slow pathway is considered to be the gold standard treatment for patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (avnrt). Pulmonary artery agenesis is a rare anomaly that may occur during embryological development of the heart.1 this agenesis may be accompanied by a complete or... |
T cells and b cells derived from the lymphoid lineage belong to the adaptive immune system . Function via production of effector cytokines after differentiation and activation . In comparison to the cytotoxic feature of both adaptive cd8 t cells and innate cnk cells, the helper feature of cd4 th cells was considered to... |
Thymic hyperplasia is defined as the enlargement of the thymus with a histologically normal cortical and medullary component . The hyperplastic gland can become very large; however, besides its larger size, the imaging appearance of the enlarged thymus is normal (1). No child cases of pericardial lipomatosis have been ... |
Infant and child mortality rates are regarded as indicators of the prevailing health conditions in a society; they measure the success of health programmes and policies aimed at their education . The world summit for children, held in 1990, instituted a package of objectives for implementation by the year 2000 . Among ... |
Mastitis represents a major economic cost to dairy farmers with losses of up to 190 per case depending on severity and 60 per cow for the average milk supplier . The losses associated with mastitis include discarded milk, increased number of culled cows, cost of antibiotic treatment and reduced milk quality and price .... |
The issue of who should have responsibility for pacs has been around for many years . In the early days of pacs in the 1990s, there were valid reasons supporting pacs management by the radiology department . In those days, pacs usually ran as standalone systems and were not widely used outside of the radiology departme... |
An increased man - made radiation exposure - risk from the use of high - dose imaging modalities such as computed tomography and angiographic suites is now being observed in many health - care centers with over 3.6 million diagnostic examinations performed annually worldwide . Interventional procedures are performed by... |
The norbeck social support questionnaire (nssq) [1, 2] is a network - based social support inventory . That is, unlike global support measures which assess overall perception of how supported one feels, the nssq asks participants to take detailed stock or inventory of (a) how many supportive network members they have a... |
Molecular dynamics simulations have been used as a powerful tool to study lipid membranes but are limited by the length and time scales of the probing systems . In particular, the lateral diffusion rate of a lipid in a membrane, although varying among different experimental techniques, is in the range 1010 cm s. this m... |
Bartter syndrome (bs) is a rare inherited renal tubular disorder characterized by renal salt wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis and normotensive hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism1, 2). Although bs is a typical tubular disorder, there have been several case reports of patients who developed focal segmental glomeru... |
Exploiting the incretin effect [1, 2], glucagon - like peptide-1 (glp-1) analogues are primarily utilised for their glucose lowering abilities through stimulation of insulin in a glucose - dependent manner [3, 4]. Nevertheless, glp-1 analogues provide additional benefits which include the control of glucose excursions ... |
To report a case of recurrent idiopathic frosted branch angiitis (fba) successfully treated with adalimumab . A 14-year - old otherwise healthy boy was referred to the uveitis clinic for bilateral panuveitis with diffuse retinal vascular sheathing and severe macular edema . Two years ago, a similar episode had been tre... |
From december 2007 to may 2013, 59 h. pylori - infected patients with two previous eradication failures were enrolled for this study prospectively . The study design was based on a single - centered, randomized, open - label, and controlled clinical trial . The study protocol was approved by the institutional review bo... |
Transesophageal echocardiogram (tee) has been introduced to the operating room over 30 years ago . We report a case of esophageal perforation caused by tee during an aortic valve replacement operation, treated successfully with a new endoscopic clip . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of post - tee e... |
Dentures are worn by around 20% of the population, yet if displaced they may enter the gastrointestinal or respiratory system, sometimes with grave consequences . Further understanding of the epidemiology, and possible consequences of such events could lead to more informed prescription of appropriate denture design, a... |
Analysis of the mammalian transcriptome and transcriptional network in ex vivo cells requires technologies that provide a comprehensive and unbiased view of the tissue - specific promotome (the complete set of promoters) from small amounts of rna and the intron - exon structure of the transcripts associated with differ... |
Regulation of protein expression is orchestrated through the interaction of trans - acting factors with cis - regulatory elements . Different factors are targeted to specific sequence regions or secondary structures in the transcript to promote different outcomes, including initiation of translation and degradation . K... |
The current research on human diseases primarily focuses on the molecular, microbiological, immunological, and pathological influences . The mechanical basis of disease is now often being explored to decipher any direct contributions toward the physiological response [1, 2]. In functionally loaded tissues such as carti... |
Thrombotic microangiopathies result from damage to the endothelium leading to a cascade of thrombosis and resultant anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal damage . Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (ahus), a rare genetic disorder of this class stems from a rapid inappropriate activation of the complement system, termed a... |
The sample consisted of sixty - three female wistar rats (190 1 g), kept in individual cages, receiving water and food (ad libitum) (purina - brazil), in an artificially illuminated ambience, with a 12 hour day - night cycle and mean temperature of 24c . Initially, all animals were submitted to an adaptation period (5 ... |
The simple gas ethylene has been recognized as a plant growth regulator for a century (crocker and knight, 1908; knight et al ., 1910; neljubov, 1901). Ethylene influences many aspects of plant growth and developmental processes, including germination, fruit ripening, flower senescence, leaf abscission, nodulation, lat... |
Skeletal muscle metastasis as the initial presentation of an unknown primary lung cancer is unusual . F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (fdg) positron emission tomography / computed tomography (pet / ct) imaging is useful in the identification of primary in carcinoma of unknown origin . We describe a patient showing fdg - avid m... |
The lung is an organ that performs a multitude of vital functions every second of our lives . This fact leads to considering lung abnormalities, life - sustained diseases that have high priority in detection, diagnosis, and treatment if possible . Our focus in this paper will be on two popular abnormalities within the ... |
Precise control of the adsorption of proteins on solid surfaces is a key to a wide variety of biological and technological applications . Proteins are commonly immobilized on surfaces both in microarrays and other studies of protein function and in the creation of biosensors and biocatalysts . The success of these appl... |
Grey mould, caused by botrytis cinerea (sclerotiniaceae family), is an important plant disease that affects a large number of plant species and is particularly important in greenhouse production of tomatoes in the mediterranean basin . In greenhouse tomato, the fungus infects flowers, fruits, and leaves and can grow th... |
Although it comprises only 10 - 15% of all hepatobiliary neoplasms, its incidence is increasing.1 frequent metastatic sites of biliary cancer are the liver, peritoneum, intra - abdominal lymph nodes, and lungs.2 here, we describe a very rare case in which metastatic cholangiocarcinoma of the stomach was mistaken for pr... |
Vitamin d deficiency is a global health problem even in sunny regions as the middle eastern countries (1).vitamin d is a steroid hormone and plays a key role in minerals metabolism, specially calcium and phosphorus, as well as in bone strength (2). The active type of this vitamin is synthesized in the skin, liver and k... |
Diphenyl cyclo propenone (dpcp) is used as a topical immunomodulator in alopecia areata . It is a potent contact allergen in humans and animals; 98 - 99% of the cases of alopecia areata can be sensitized on the scalp skin . Although its use has been increasing of late, the process of procuring, dilution and storage at ... |
Relativistic thermodynamics is needed, because in relativity the mass of a body depends on how hot it is and the temperature is not necessarily homogeneous in equilibrium . But unlike classical thermodynamics the relativistic theory cannot be constructed on the intuitive notions of heat and work, because our intuition ... |
Kienbck s disease, defined as avascular necrosis of the lunate, is a relatively rare condition with a poorly understood etiology . The disease is a relatively rare condition in which the etiology and natural history of this condition are poorly understood and even more poorly documented in the literature . A wide array... |
Urinary tract infections (utis) are one of the inflammatory diseases produced by high multiplication of many pathogens in the urinary apparatus, resulting in alterations in the perfect function of the urinary tract and kidneys . Uti is particularly a major problem for females; nearly 5080% of the female population endu... |
Tryp is the least abundant amino acid in mammalian organisms, and accounts for only 11.5% of the total protein amino acid content . However, it was not until the late 1970s and 1980s that kp generated considerable interest among neuroscientists, since it was discovered that quin and kynurenine acid (kyna), (two metabol... |
Incidence of ep ranges between 0.25% to 2% of all pregnancies . In 95% of eps, fertilized ovum implants in the tubes, but rarely in other organs like abdomen, ovaries, cervix, spleen, omentum, cessarian section scar, and intramural . The death rate is about 1 per 2000 eps and 15% of all maternal deaths . Incidence of e... |
Drugs were not new to asylums in the 1950s . While opium and morphine have long been used in psychiatry, the second half of the nineteenth century witnessed the emergence of a large number of other substances considered more effective and less dangerous, such as chloral and bromides . After the success of these sedativ... |
Children under five years of age are an important population group in regard to their physiological and psychosocial development . As a consequence, they are more susceptible to the development of various morbidities, such as diarrhea [2, 3], respiratory infections [2, 4], anemia, and malnutrition [4, 6]. Most cases of... |
Cardiovascular disease (cvd) is the leading cause of mortality in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm) (1). In fact,> 50% of patients with t2 dm die of coronary artery disease (2,3). Early vascular disease can be detected using pulse wave velocity (pwv), augmentation index (aix), and brachial distensibility (br... |
Radiofrequency ablation (rfa) has evolved as the treatment of choice for drug - resistant atrial fibrillation (af). The electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins (pvs) is regarded as one endpoint of ablation [1, 2], but more extensive approaches, such as linear- or complex - fractionated atrial electrogram (cfae) abl... |
A number of studies have documented the potential benefits of probiotic bacteria which prevent and ameliorate human t - helper-2-cell- (th2-) related diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and asthma . At the helper t - cell level, a number of probiotic lactobacilli promote the production of t - helper-1-cel - l (th1-) sk... |
The accord trial design and patient population have been described elsewhere (10). In brief, 10,251 subjects with type 2 diabetes at high - risk for cardiovascular disease (cvd) events were enrolled in 77 clinical centers across the u.s . And canada and randomly assigned to receive either comprehensive intensive glycem... |
After obtaining approval from institutional ethics committee, a cross - sectional questionnaire - based study was undertaken from august 25, 2014, to september 25, 2014, including 200 pharmacies in various residential (r) and commercial (c) areas of bengaluru . Two hundred and twenty - five pharmacies were screened for... |
Epidermolysis bullosa (eb) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormal fragility of skin and mucosal surface . The separation of skin layers occurs after application of friction or shearing forces and results in intradermal fluid accumulation and bullae formation . In addition to considerations associated with... |
The subjects were enrolled in a health survey, which started in 19701973 (17). All 50-year - old men living in the municipality of uppsala at the time were invited to participate in a health survey on risk factors for coronary heart disease . About 20 years later, a follow - up investigation of the 70-year - old a tota... |
With the number of sequenced genomes at various stages of completion being in the tens of thousands and the number of genomic features (genes, rnas, etc .) Identified across these genomes in the millions, the need for accurate and consistent genomic annotation is paramount . The gene ontology (go) was created in 1998 b... |
During 20042007, as part of a broader biodiversity survey and inventory program, we sampled birds from mostly forested sites in guangxi and guizhou provinces in the southern part of the people s republic of china (figure). Sampling was conducted by mist netting and selective harvesting with shotguns; all birds in the s... |
Research into the pathogenesis of vitiligo has shown a complex of genetic and environmental factors . Endothelin-1 (edn1) and edn receptor type a (ednra) are implicated in the inflammatory process . Vitiligo is an acquired cutaneous disorder with a 0.52% incidence worldwide, and is characterized by a loss of melanocyte... |
Papillary and follicular carcinomas of the thyroid gland, commonly referred to together as differentiated thyroid carcinoma (dtc), are characterized by a slowly progressive course, and a 10-year survival rate as high as 80 - 95% . Distant metastases are seen in a minority of the patients and the reported rates of occur... |
The prosite database uses two kinds of signatures or descriptors to identify conserved regions, i.e. Patterns and generalized profiles, which both have their own strengths and weaknesses defining their area of optimum application . Each prosite signature is linked to an annotation document where the user can find infor... |
Periodontitis (pd) is a chronic inflammatory disease where resident cells and preformed mediators induce leukocyte infiltration and progressive destruction of the tooth supporting tissues as a result of interaction between bacterial products, cell populations, and mediators in disease - susceptible individuals [1, 2]. ... |
Aids is a fatal disease that can affect human immune system and makes patients vulnerable to opportunistic infections . It is still one of the most important diseases in the world, which not only causes health problems, but also affects the political, social, and cultural aspects (1). The use of effective anti - viral ... |
According to the who, over 3 000 000 children under the age of five die each year due to causes related to environmental risk factors . Identification of recognized environmental health risk factors is considered to be one of the most important objectives of health policy, as it relates to the everyday work of medical ... |
Skills) is one of 11 clinical data research networks (cdrns) funded by the patient centered outcomes research institute (pcori) in 2014 . Pcori, a non - governmental organization created under the patient affordable care act seeks to build an information technology (it) backbone to support comparative effectiveness res... |
Peutz - jeghers is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hamartomatous polyps and discoloration of mucosal membranes . The polyps can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract and can grow large enough to cause bowel obstructions . A 16-year - old male presented to the emergency department with signs a... |
Precise localization of the iac is important and successful implant placement or orthognathic surgery depends on the exact determination of the location of the inferior alveolar nerve (ian). Permanent or temporary ian damage can cause numbness of the lower lip and chin in orthognathic surgery [1]. Pressure on this nerv... |
Worldwide, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has reached epidemic proportions and includes not only adults but also children and adolescents [2, 3]. For example, it has been reported that the worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity includes approximately 110 million children while in the united states (us... |
Mucormycosis is an aggressive invasive opportunistic fungal infection belonging to the order mucorales, usually found in immunocompromised individuals . It is a life and limb threatening fungal infection with high mortality rate of 40%.1 though mucormycosis presents as a spectrum of disease, it is very rare in the musc... |
It has been projected that there will be 250,000 new cases per year by 2015 indicating 3% increase per year . However, with the number of increasing survivors worldwide due to improvements in the treatment modalities of breast cancer, several psychosocial issues have gained prominence . In india, one study has focused ... |
In europe, prostate cancer (pca) is the most common malignancy in males and the third most common cause of cancer mortality . Currently, more extensive and earlier diagnosis has led to a decrease in pca related mortality [1, 2]. Despite an extended search for a more specific biomarker than prostate specific antigen (ps... |
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (ras) is one of the most frequently encountered oral mucosal disorders . Despite extensive amount of research, the etiology of ras remains unclear . The aim of the study was to assess the levels of anxiety and salivary cortisol levels in patients with ras and also to determine the associat... |
Animal models utilizing human recombinant activated factor vii (rfviia; novoseven; novo nordisk a / s, bagsvrd, denmark) are limited by interspecies differences in terms of coagulation molecule interactions . The interaction between tissue factor and factor human factor vii has been shown to have reduced activity when ... |
When a limb muscle is stretched, changes in the expression of myosin heavy chain (myhc), the protein primarily responsible for the contractile speed and metabolism type of muscle fibers, are observable within days.1 when stretched, muscle fibers tend to change from a fast phenotype (mainly comprising myhc iib) to a slo... |
Fish viscera are one of the sources of digestive enzymes that may have some unique properties of fascinate with both basic research and industrial applications . Their survival in waters required adaptation of their enzyme activity to low temperatures of their habitats . That is to say, fish proteinases have higher cat... |
Twenty - one animals (16 cattle and 5 sheep) showing clinical signs suggestive of bluetongue were sampled by the federal agency for the safety of the food chain on august 18, 2006, at 11 farms in northeastern belgium . Two serologic tests that detect antibodies against the major serogroup antigen vp7 (bluetongue virus ... |
Within the last half century, there has been remarkable progress in the treatment of psychiatric disease . The first chemical antidepressants were discovered fortuitously in clinical trials designed to treat tuberculosis.1 since then, researchers in both academia and industry have developed an impressive array of relat... |
Lagophthalmos, which is the inability to close the eyelids completely, is a serious condition caused by orbicularis oculi muscle paresis or paralysis . Paresis of the orbicularis oculi muscle leads to diminished blinking, lagophthalmos, and impairment of the nasolacrimal pump . With diminished orbicularis tone, the low... |
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most challenging chronic diseases (king et al 1998; lipscombe and hux 2007) associated with significant morbidity and mortality (baker et al 2008; pinto et al 2008). In order to avoid or delay microvascular complications, a strict metabolic control of blood glucose is recommended (ukpds ... |
The fundamental principles of pay - for - performance include rewarding quality health care and aligning physicians financial incentives with the best interests of patients.9 although this inherent appeal to physician self - interest might be in tension with professional ideals of altruism and beneficence,1013 the prin... |
In recent years, various strategies have been adopted for specific drug delivery to well - defined sites of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract, the colon being the most important one [15]. Enteric polymers are used for this purpose, as they are able to release the drug at a particular ph . The ph - sensitive copolymers, s... |
Ethical discussions between caregivers affect the quality of the older person's care, and gren bolmsj et al . Associate the discussion of ethical values with a deeper level of communication, and in order to achieve depth in such a dialogue, an ethical code and a set of ethical values which penetrate caring are needed .... |
Af is associated with 5-fold increased stroke and 2-fold increased mortality risk.1) thromboprophylaxis is the cornerstone of treatment in these patients . Dabigatran etexilate is one of the new oral anticoagulants shown to reduce the risk for stroke in patients with af . It is an oral direct thrombin (factor iia) inhi... |
Two representative patients who had different aaa geometries and who were to undergo fenestrated stent graft repair were selected for inclusion in the study . The pre- and post - operative ct datasets were obtained with using a 64-detector row scanner (beam collimation 640.5 mm, toshiba medical systems, kingsbury, uk) ... |
From november 2008 through december 2011, mrsa of companion animal origin was routinely isolated from specimens submitted for diagnostic purposes to vet med labor gmbh in ludwigsburg, germany, or to the institute of microbiology and epizootics, freie universitt berlin, in berlin, germany . S. aureus was confirmed as de... |
A 67-year - old male (height, 165.4 cm; weight, 69.1 kg) with a history of hypertension and hyperthyroidism was scheduled to excise a laryngeal mass because of right vocal fold leukoplakia . The patient's preoperative laboratory test, chest x - ray, pulmonary function test results were unremarkable . Transnasal fiberop... |
Signaling between nervous and immune systems is in part due to the fact that these two systems share ligands and receptors . The cellular components involved in these interactions within the central nervous system (cns) are mainly mastocytes, also called mast cells, and glia . In human brain, mastocytes are very scarce... |
Serious complications, such as renal scarring, hypertension, and chronic renal failure can result following a delay in diagnosis and treatment . The prevalence of renal scarring following febrile uti has been reported as 10% to 65% . Risk factors, including sex, not being circumcised, constipation, and vesicoureteral r... |
Today, the treatment of choice is surgical excision of the tongue, but before 1900, surgery was often temida1 . Only in 1673 niels the size and shape of the teeth are directly influenced by the size of tongue3 . The shape of the teeth is determined by forces employed on the teeth, especially the muscles of the tongue, ... |
However, at times, conventional laryngoscopy and intubation may not be possible and alternative techniques of airway management such as supraglottic airway devices (sads) may be required . Both classic laryngeal mask airway (clma) and proseal laryngeal mask airway (plma) have been successfully used for securing a paten... |
Aging is the most prominent risk factor for the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases among others, including oxidative stress (keller et al ., 2005; jain et al ., 2011), telomere length (harris et al ., 2006), genetic mutations (anderton et al ., 2002) and head injury (maiese et al ., 2008). In the united states th... |
These viruses infect a variety of species, including aquatic birds, poultry, pigs, horses, dogs, and humans, causing significant morbidity and mortality . In the case of human influenza viruses, in addition to the burden of yearly epidemics, there is the ever - present threat of an influenza pandemic . Pandemics occur ... |
, it was found that the thyroid gland had the maximum amount of selenium per gram of tissue . Autoimmune thyroiditis (ait), the prototype of autoimmune diseases, is characterized by t - cell - mediated autoimmune destruction of thyroid cells . Environmental factors, such as iodide intake, immunotherapeutic agents, or v... |
Aorto - enteric fistula is a direct communication between the abdominal aorta and the gastrointestinal tract . Primary aorto - enteric fistula is defined as a spontaneous erosion of the aorta into the gastrointestinal tract and must be distinguished from secondary aorto - enteric fistula that may complicate aortic surg... |
In last two decades following advances in neuroimaging studies, there has been growing interest in studying the neurological soft signs (nss) and cognitive function in obsessive - compulsive disorder (ocd), a disorder which was earlier explained only on basis of psychoanalytical theories . Dysfunction in brain function... |
Successful outcomes of endodontic treatment depend on the identification of all roots and root canals which in turn guarantees complete extirpation of pulp tissue, proper chemomechanical cleaning and shaping and three - dimensional obturation of the root canal system with an inert filling material . Failure of at least... |
Tramp mice spontaneously develop autochthonous prostate tumors as a result of a transgene (sv40) controlled by the probasin promoter . While tramp tumors can be harvested at any age, it should be noted that tramp prostatic tumors generally remain small until the mice reach ages greater than 20 weeks . Remove the urogen... |
Open surgery for fracture stabilization is often inappropriate in this population due to a poor risk - benefit profile, particularly if life expectancy is short . Percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are appealing adjunctive procedures in patients with malignancy for alleviation of intractable pain . Described i... |
The causes of malnutrition in hd and pd patients include low energy intake induced by anorexia, loss of nutrients due to dialysis, dietary restriction before dialysis, increased protein catabolism and acidosis . The need for protein increases in pd patients due to severe peritoneal protein loss which is aggravated due ... |
Functional imaging studies investigating therapy - induced recovery from aphasia after left - hemisphere stroke are rare (for review see). This holds true even more for research with patients, who suffer from chronic nonfluent aphasia and concomitant apraxia of speech (aos), a dysfunction of higher - order aspects of s... |
Heart failure (hf) is the final consequence of different heart diseases and it represents a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide . At the cellular level, the occurrence of hypertrophy of cardiac muscle cells represents a common feature of failing myocardium [2, 3] and is considered as an adaptive respon... |
She said her headache started abruptly a week previously and that this co - occurred with impaired color perception and blurred vision . When she visited our office, she still complained of blurred vision, especially in her left eye, but her vision was 20/20 and color vision was normal in both eyes . Both of her optic ... |
Subarachnoid haemorrhage (sah) is caused by aneurysmal rupture in 7085% of patients [1, 2]. In a systematic review, intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (ia - dsa) has been the main technique for detecting and characterizing intracranial aneurysms and remains the gold standard . However, ia - dsa is invasive a... |
The hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a major global public health problem affecting more than 2 billion people throughout the world (1). Despite the availability of a highly effective vaccine against hbv, 350 million people chronically infected with hbv are at increased risk of developing hbv - related liver diseases, includ... |
Vero e6 cells were infected with 100 focus - forming units of ebov expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein . After a 1-h incubation, the inoculum was removed and replaced with media (dulbecco s modified eagle's medium with 2% fetal bovine serum, penn / strep, l - glutamine) containing chloroquine (sigma, st . The... |
The pharmacological effects of nicotine the major psychoactive ingredient in tobacco smoke are mediated by the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs), which are present in several brain regions and tied to different cellular processes (mcgehee et al ., 1995,, 1996, chiamulera, 2005, laviolette and van... |
It is well established that the transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmcs) from a differentiated phenotype to a dedifferentiated state plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis . The phenotypic modulation in vsmcs is accompanied by accelerated migration, proliferation and production of extrac... |
The app is a type i transmembrane protein with characteristics of an orphan receptor, which shares with other members of its class a particular signaling mechanism termed regulated intramembrane proteolysis (rip). The first occurs outside the transmembrane domain, usually in response to ligand binding, inducing the rel... |
Its onset and progression cause deterioration of sensory, motor, and autonomic nerve functions, markedly reducing patients' quality of life (qol). The polyol pathway is a side pathway metabolizing excess (or unused) glucose to sorbitol . It is thus suggested that intracellular sorbitol production (which is increased by... |
Acute acalculous cholecystitis (aac) is defined as acute inflammation of the gallbladder in the absence of gallstones and has a multifactorial pathogenesis.1 aac occurs in about 10% of all cases of acute cholecystitis . Aac has numerous causes that produce bile stasis and ischemia leading to inflammation and infection ... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.