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The standard treatment of choice is anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (acdf). Although most patients wish to treat both the posterior neck pain and associated arm pain, some patients wish to be treated with less invasive methods, even though some tolerable symptoms may persist, due to their social / physical situ... |
Most industrialized countries are experiencing progressive aging of their populations.1 in italy, the percentage of people older than 65 years is currently equal to 21.7% and is projected to rise further, exceeding 33% by 2050.2 aging is associated with a progressive increase in the prevalence of frailty.3 frailty is a... |
Intriguingly, mtorc1 activity only regulates the expression of nedd41 but not of nedd42, the closest homolog of nedd41 in the mammalian genome, but the molecular mechanism underlying this isoform preference is unknown . Mtorc1 promotes global cap - dependent protein synthesis mainly by mediating the phosphorylation of ... |
Hypothermia defined as a core body temperature <35 can be a life - threatening emergency, especially in cold winter climates, but can be used therapeutically . Therapeutic hypothermia (th) has been used to improve neurological outcome in comatose patients after cardiac arrest.1)2) the exact mechanism for neuroprotectio... |
The institutional review board approved our protocol, and all patients provided written informed consent . The study complies with the principles of the declaration of helsinki . During the period from september 2009 to february 2011, we enrolled 100 consecutive patients with drug - resistant af referred for catheter a... |
About 50% of cases of esophageal cancer occur in the middle thoracic esophagus which extends from 25 cm to 30 cm as defined in the most recent american joint committee on cancer report . The standard of care for these patients includes a multimodality approach involving surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in variou... |
Worldwide, open - angle glaucoma (oag) is estimated to affect almost 45 million adults over the age of 40 years, and the number is expected to reach 59 million by 2020.1 since the loss of vision associated with glaucoma is irreversible,2 early diagnosis and treatment are key to preserving visual function . Because intr... |
Angioma serpiginosum is a benign vascular nevoid disorder with proliferation and ectatic dilatation of capillaries in the papillary dermis . Most cases are sporadic but familial cases suggesting an autosomal dominant inheritance have also been described . We report a case of late onset angioma serpiginosum localised to... |
Acute cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection is common in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients worldwide.12 the infection is often asymptomatic . Symptoms, when they occur, include fever, cervical lymphadenitis, and arthralgia.3 rarely, acute cmv infection may be complicated by pneumonia, colitis, myocarditis, ... |
Insulinoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas, accounting for 2% of all pancreatic tumors . Its occurrence is 1:100,000 and it is more common in women over 50 years of age . Insulinomas are usually solitary benign tumors, and less than 10% of them are malignant2,3). Malignant insulinomas are diagnosed when ... |
Cancer is the second leading killer in the usa, accounting for 25% of all deaths . Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in males, followed by lung and colorectal . For women however, it should be noted that lung cancer is the number one cancer killer for both men and women (1). An abundance of evidence suggests th... |
Microbial contamination and side effects of synthetic antioxidants are two important major concerns of food and pharmaceutical industries . Increasing propensity for replacing synthetic antioxidant by natural one on one side and development of microbial resistance to existing antibiotics from the other has encouraged r... |
Dyskeratosis congenita (dc) is a rare multisystem disorder first described in the early 20 century (1906); it is also known as zinsser - engman - cole syndrome.1 it is characterised by the classic triad of mococutaneous pigmentary disorder, nail dystrophy and oral leukoplakia seen in 89%, 80% and 45% of cases respectiv... |
Abo incompatible blood transfusions are rare, result in haemolytic transfusion reactions (htr), and they can be fatal in 2 to 6% of cases . It is enough to transfuse only 10 - 15 ml of abo incompatible blood to cause following symptoms of acute htr: fever, hypotension, disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic), comp... |
Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (turbt) is well - established modality for treating non - muscle - invasive bladder cancer . Furthermore, it is essential for evaluating the pathological depth of bladder tumors in resected specimens . Despite improvements in endoscopic instruments and imaging systems, there are... |
The occasional use of pesticides in large amounts may cause environmental pollution and therefore be a cause of concern . Residual amounts of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides have been detected in soil, water reservoirs, vegetables, grains and other food products . Organophosphates induce toxicity in mamma... |
Once considered diseases of affluence, the prevalence of non - communicable chronic health conditions, including overweight, has increased substantially in many low - and middle - income countries (13). As chronic conditions increase in these countries, it is imperative to examine how the social distribution of these c... |
The 62-year - old male patient in this case report had a smoking history of more than 30 pack - years and a medical history of hypertension and diabetes . He had had a percutaneous coronary intervention 6 years previously due to angina and had noticed a cold and numbing sensation in the extremities of both hands for th... |
Pari passu with the progress of science in medical education, simulation in medical education is also progressing in leaps and bounds . Something which was hardly ever talked about even a couple of years ago has now become the new buzz word in medical education circles, and now india is also getting on the bandwagon . ... |
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness, reversible airflow limitation, and respiratory symptoms (1, 2). Internationally, the prevalence of asthma has increased over the last 3 decades (3 - 5), and in the asia - pacific region asthma causes considerable mo... |
Asthma in adults is a heterogeneous disease usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation with hyperresponsiveness of airways to various stimuli . The prevalence estimates of asthma, in general, and the prevalence of severe asthma, in particular, are well known and sufficiently illustrative . According to the gl... |
There are similarities between children and adults suffering from heart failure (hf), such as the preferred pharmacological treatment (1), the use of pace - makers and heart transplants (2,3), the inability of the patient to reach the predicted heart rate for the patient's age during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (4... |
Acetone is the simplest ketone compound . In general, acetone is not considered harmful, and the world health organization has not classified acetone as carcinogenic . However, its prolonged inhalation cannot only cause irritation of the mucous membranes, headaches, confusion, and narcotic effects, but lead to coma as ... |
In addition to being a crucial underlying circumstance in the primary cardiovascular risk factors (cvrfs), obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular illness and mortality [1, 2]. Increased body mass index (bmi) alters the behavior of adipose tissue, which provides insulin resistance as well as resistance... |
Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is the most common and best known of all malformation syndromes . It is an easily recognized congenital, autosomal anomaly characterized by generalized growth deficiency and mental deficiency affecting 1 in 600 - 1 in 1000 live births . A compromised immune system is characteristic of these i... |
This has been attributed to procedure time, cost, and the known risks, which include arterial puncture, pneumothorax, and infection . Numerous studies done in the last few years have paid attention to peripheral venous pressure (pvp) and more specifically its pressure waveform . Although controversy still exists concer... |
Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder with serious physical, social, and economic consequences, with an impact on public health that has been unappreciated . Thus, it is a devastating illness that reflects in the productivity of individuals affected by it and requires permanent spending with hospitalizations, treatments,... |
Iodinated contrast is frequently given to enhance the diagnostic utility of computed tomography (ct). The contrast material results in a large increase in body iodine stores, which is progressively cleared over several weeks to months . A typical ct study uses about 100 cc of intravenous contrast material, which transl... |
Cervical cancer (cc) is listed among the top five cancers that affect women globally . According to the international agency for research on cancer (iarc), in 2008 there were 530,000 new cases of cervical cancer worldwide, with 85% of the disease burden occurring in developing countries . Caribbean women are at an incr... |
When biologists teach contemporary or historical discoveries in the life sciences, we often aim not only to impart the facts but also to explore how we know what we know focusing on the scientific process that led to the revelation of such new scientific information . Many scientist - educators would also like to inclu... |
Real - time monitoring of the circadian gene expression was performed using rat-1 cells expressing a luciferase reporter under the control of the upstream region of bmal1 gene . Rat-1 cells were treated with 0.1 m dexamethasone for 2 h for the rhythm synchronization, and the bioluminescence signals from the cells were ... |
Discoveries of restriction enzymes by hamilton smith and daniel nathans, and reverse transcriptase by howard temin and david baltimore in the 1970s set the stage for an explosion in molecular and clinical genetics . Armed with a sufficient amount of the mrna product of a gene such as the beta globin gene, investigators... |
Periodontal disease is a multifactorial disease, characterized by periodontal pocket formation, loss of clinical attachment, and alveolar bone resorption . However, dynamic interactions between bacterial factors and host response with genetic and environmental factors are considered as the primary cause for tissue dest... |
A 61-year - old woman was referred to department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery with thrill on the right wrist . Two years earlier, she had visited the emergency department of smg - snu boramae hospital with a recently aggravated chest pain . She underwent emergency coronary angiography (cag) via the right femo... |
A recent institute of medicine (iom) report on this subject acknowledges that the rates and impact of medication errors are huge but are poorly understood . The president of the institute of safe medication practices (ismp), michael cohen, in his testimony to a committee of the us congress estimated that the dollar cos... |
Brucellosis is a systemic infection that may affect any organ or system of the human body . Usually, a slight increase in the liver function tests and mild hepatosplenomegaly occur, and sometimes, acute hepatitis develops, but hepatic abscess is a rare manifestation of that disease 1, 2, 3 . A 33yearold woman was admit... |
Photonic forces [1, 2] are known and understood for more than 100 years . But the discovery that they can be employed to manipulate small objects like colloids, viruses, or quantum dots became possible only after the establishment of strong laser sources in the infrared . This enables one to exert and to control forces... |
In pregnant women with mechanical heart valves, the frequency of valve thrombosis increases due to pregnancy - related hypercoagulability . Therefore, effective anticoagulation is critical in pregnant patients with mechanical heart valves but remains problematic because both oral anticoagulation and heparins have been ... |
The study population included patients over 18 years old who had an initial cabg or combined cabg and open chest aortic valve replacement (avr), from april 1, 1998 to october 31, 2011 in ontario . The date of first cardiac surgery was the index date, and eligible patients were followed for 1 year with respect to major ... |
A 7month old baby girl was brought to our hospital with a 2 months history of an ill defined mass involving entire abdomen . Contrast enhanced computed tomography (cect) of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a small left kidney with a dilated renal pelvis that continued as a hugely dilated and tortuous ureter (figure 1). ... |
Pulmonary hypertension is an increasingly recognized complication of sickle - cell anaemia and a risk factor for early death [14]. Recurrent episodes of acute and subacute pulmonary crises reflecting in situ sickling within the lung has been postulated to be the primary event leading to pulmonary hypertension . Haemoly... |
The foley catheter has been a staple of medical care since its inception in 1935 by american urologist frederic foley (1). Though there have been modifications in the 80 years since its creation, the foley catheter has withstood the test of time and is considered an acceptable means for bladder drainage in the appropri... |
Levetiracetam (lev) is used to treat generalized and partial seizures of various etiologies . Rhabdomyolysis postconvulsive seizure may limit kidney excretion of muscle breakdown products like creatine phosphokinase (cpk). In this case report, a 19-year - old right - handed male presented following a complex partial se... |
Retinoblastoma (rb) is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in childhood, with an incidence of 1 in 15000 live births . It may affect one eye (unilateral rb) or both (bilateral rb) during the first five years of life . Although extensive epidemiologic studies have been done to study this tumor, the results have ... |
The etiology underlying temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (tmj - oa) is not fully understood; however, some contributing factors are known, including internal derangement, macrotrauma, and parafunctional habits.1 - 3 in addition, functional overloading appears to be an important step in the cascade of events leadi... |
Fisher used the expression crash migraines to describe acute, high - intensity headaches similar to those caused by ruptured saccular aneurysms, but with normal lumbar puncture and angiography . Day and raskin coined the term thunderclap headache to refer to a similar type of headache occurring in a patient who had thr... |
Anterior cruciate ligament (acl) reconstruction has significantly advanced over the last few decades; however, some literatures have shown that up to 20% of patients still have persistent instability on functional testing and degenerative arthritic changes after traditional single - bundle acl reconstruction.12 these o... |
Electronic health records (ehrs) are increasingly used by medical providers and offer a wide - reaching source of information on utilization of preventive services . Numerous measures used for quality assessment and public reporting are estimated based on ehr data . However, sources of error and misclassification can l... |
Corynebacterium urealyticum, a gram - positive bacillus, has been identified as the most frequent causative pathogen . Urinary stasis is highly likely to contribute to stone formation, because large - scale spontaneous precipitation of crystals occurs when a critical concentration (e.g., supersaturation) is exceeded . ... |
Laparoscopic surgery (ls) for both benign and neoplastic colonic disease has become a standard procedure worldwide [18], although its distribution is currently limited . Many authors reported adequacy and short - term benefits also for laparoscopic rectal procedures [1013]; nevertheless, large randomized studies and on... |
Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis and presents with intermittent acute arthritis and chronic deformed joints with tophus formation . The prevalence of gout in the adult population was estimated at 3.23% (5.17% in men and 1.34% in women) in the united kingdom, 3.9% in the united states, and 3.8% in ... |
A total of 3,614 consecutive patients underwent pet / ct scans between 14 march 2006 and 30 october 2008 at the nottingham pet / ct center (53.00n 1.20w). All scans were acquired using a siemens biograph 16 hirez lso pet / ct scanner . Temperature was not kept constant at the pet / ct center throughout the year, althou... |
Asthma affects an estimated 8.9% of usa children under 17 years and continues to be one of the most common childhood chronic illnesses . Uncontrolled asthma is associated with more school days missed among children, more work days missed among caregivers, and poorer quality of life among both [2, 3]. A special case of ... |
Most dysentery cases in the tropics are caused by shigella, whereas dysentery in the developed countries is usually caused by salmonella . Death rates as high as 6.2% have been reported during epidemics of shigella dysenteriae type 1 . The provision of effective anti - microbial therapy is important especially for redu... |
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (hcm) is a common genetic disease that is characterized by a hypertrophied, nondilated, left ventricular (lv) cavity with normal or supernormal systolic function . However, a small number of hcm patients progress to lv remodeling and systolic dysfunction . Such a condition is referred to as ... |
Oral drug delivery systems are essential to optimize both the residence time of the system within the gastrointestinal tract and the release rate of the drug from the system . Various attempts have been made to prolong the residence time of the dosage forms within the stomach . Rapid gastrointestinal transit could resu... |
Hemimandibular hypertrophy along with its variants was first described by obwegeser and makek as a developmental deformity of unknown etiology affecting the mandible unilaterally . Various studies have assumed lowered genetic control over the formation and development of bilateral structures of the face or environmenta... |
A 65-year - old male patient presented to us with diminution of vision of one - day duration in the right eye . The best - corrected - visual - acuity (bcva) in the right eye was 10/200 . Fundus of the eye showed an smh along with a large pigmentary epithelial detachment (ped) [fig . Leakage of the dye on indocyanine g... |
Infantile systemic hyalinosis (ish) is a rare and fatal genetic disorder with mutations in capillary morphogenesis gene-2 cmg2 / human anthrax toxin receptor gene-2 antxr2 resulting in spindle cell proliferation, altered collagen metabolism with extensive deposition of amorphous eosinophilic pas positive hyaline materi... |
Traumatic optic neuropathy (ton) is an impact injury to the optic nerve, usually secondary to blunt head trauma, resulting in partial or complete loss of vision . A meta - analysis reported that both steroid administration and surgical decompression improved the prognosis of patients with ton . After consideration of a... |
Klippel - trenaunay syndrome (kts) is characterized by the triad of port wine stain, venous and lymphatic malformation, and soft tissue hypertrophy of the affected extremity . Depending on the type of vessel involved and its flow characteristics kts is classified as a slow flow complex combined capillary venous or capi... |
Transgenic cre and r26r reporter mouse lines used in this study are listed in table 1 . Experimental animals were generated by crossing tg(ins2-cre) (termed rip - cre) (11), tg(ins2-cre) (termed rip - cre) (10), tg(ins2-creesr1) (termed rip - cre / ert) (12), tg(pdx1-cre) (termed pdx1-cre) (13), tg(ipf1-cre) (termed pd... |
Musicians often experience musculoskeletal pain as a result of lengthy and long - term instrument performance . More students enrolled in music schools note upper limb pain compared with students enrolled in ordinary schools1 . It has also been reported that the incidence of upper limb pain is higher in those who have ... |
Protein glycosylation is a phenomenon shared by all domains of life . Over 70% of the eukaryotic proteome although it is too early to predict the full extent of prokaryotic glycosylation, it is clear from the diversity of prokaryotic glycoproteins discovered in recent years that glycosylation in these organisms is the ... |
All reactions were carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere in oven- or flame - dried glassware . All catalysts and reagents were obtained from commercial sources and were used without further purification with the exception of bf3oet2, which was purified by distillation from cah2 . N - allyl-4-methylaniline, 2-allyl-4-... |
One of the shortcomings of the available treatments for major depressive disorder (mdd) is the time delay between commencing the treatment and achieving an antidepressant response . Most of the approved drugs for such treatment need at least 2 to 4 weeks for the onset of their effects, and sometimes the peak of drug ef... |
Traumatic gallbladder rupture occurs rarely and the incidence is reported to amount to approximately 2% of all blunt abdominal injuries . The main reason for the low incidence is that the gallbladder is protected by the surrounding organs, including the liver, intestines, omentum, and ribs . Preoperative diagnosis of g... |
An estimated 207 million cases of human schistosomiasis have been reported worldwide and about 90% of these live in sub - saharan africa, with nigeria having the highest prevalence . Schistosoma infections cause significant morbidity and mortality with peak prevalence and intensity of infection occurring between the ag... |
Therapeutic high intensity focused ultrasound (hifu) or focused ultrasound (fus) is a noninvasive medical treatment that allows the deposition of energy inside the human body . The energy levels carried in the ultrasound beam are several orders of magnitude greater than those of a standard diagnostic ultrasound beam . ... |
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00125 - 010 - 1903 - 9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users . Possible environmental diabetogenic factors are dietary products and bacterial / viral infections [1, 2]. These diabetogenic triggers can induce an immune cascade, eventuall... |
A 33-year - old male (height 172.3 cm and weight 61.5 kg) visited our pain clinic due to neck pain radiating to both shoulders, which started 3 years ago . He complained of tingling sensations of the bilateral hand along with shoulder pain, and difficulty in neck flexion . Upon physical examination, the results of the ... |
Traditionally, barium examinations have been the mainstay of radiological investigations of the small and large intestines . However, the standard barium follow - through (sbft) examination has high false - negative and false - positive rates for the detection of abnormalities this is because only 2535% of the bowel le... |
Methylmercury is efficiently accumulated through estuarine food webs, such that concentrations in fish are controlled by initial ch3hg assimilation at the base of the food web . Sources and pathways of ch3hg and hg accumulation in lower trophic levels are therefore fundamental to understanding hg cycling in estuaries a... |
Spinal epidural abscess (sea) is a relatively rare disease but frequently, emergent surgery is needed2,9,12,18). Their incidence is on the rise because of the various factors such as the increase of the elderly population, intravenous drug use, epidural steroid injection for pain control, epidural anesthesia and develo... |
We used data from the 2002 china national nutrition and health survey (cnnhs), which is a nationally representative cross - sectional study on nutrition and chronic diseases . As has been described in detail previously (8), a stratified, multistage probability cluster sampling design was used in this survey . Subjects ... |
With an annual death toll of more than one million people, the tropical disease malaria is considered one of the most significant infectious diseases worldwide . Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus plasmodium and transmitted by blood - feeding anopheline mosquitoes . During their life cycle, plasmodia... |
Protein solvation determines to a large extent the physicochemical behavior of proteins, and it is therefore an essential part of their exerted function . In particular, complex formation, which is involved in almost all protein functions, depends on the detailed balance between solvent solute and solute solute forces ... |
Melting point determinations were performed by the open capillary method and are reported uncorrected . H and c nmr chemical shifts () are reported in parts per million (ppm) relative to tms, and coupling constants j are reported to the nearest 0.1 hz . C, ch, ch2, or ch3c signals are assigned from dept-90 and 135 spec... |
Survival rates continue to improve with the advent of more refined treatments and better supportive care . Today over 80% of children with cancer are alive for at least five years, and the majority of these are cured . As a consequence, many sufferers of childhood cancer are now living into adulthood and having familie... |
Women of childbearing age appear to be particularly susceptible to the exacerbation of existing mental illness and the development of new mental illness [15]. Indeed, it has been estimated that over 500,000 pregnancies annually are complicated by psychiatric illness that either precedes pregnancy or arises during pregn... |
The prognosis of the newly diagnosed breast cancer patient depends on a number of factors, among the most important of which is the extent of spread of disease to the axillary lymph nodes [1, 2]. Because treatment is influenced by the presence and number of axillary lymph nodes involved, evaluation of the axillary node... |
Although liver resections have been associated with high mortality and morbidity rates, recent advances in anesthetic and surgical management have significantly reduced the operative risk . The techniques of vascular control during hepatectomy are highly demanding and should be performed under special anesthetic consid... |
The ageing process is characterised by progressive loss in cellular homeostasis and a decline in physiological function (balcombe and sinclair, 2001), resulting in an overall decline in fecundity and increased risk of mortality over time . While ageing was historically believed to be an inevitable and intractable proce... |
We report the case of a 19-year - old female football spectator who suffered a duodenal rupture as a result of being hit in the abdomen by a football . A 19-year - old girl presented to the emergency department at 1 am after having a football kicked from a distance of 510 m into her abdomen 7 h previously whilst watchi... |
Adenomyosis is a common gynecological condition that is characterized by ingrowths of the endometrial cells into the myometrium . Adenomyosis and leiomyoma are benign conditions that are often responsible for uterine enlargement, menorrhagia, anemia, and infertility . Adenomyosis or internal endometriosis may occur as ... |
The human gastrointestinal mucosa constitutes the largest mucosal surface area in the human body interfacing the external environment . A network of complementary regulatory interactions between different types of immune and nonimmune cells maintains mucosal homeostasis in the gut . These regulatory interactions occur ... |
Technological advances in three - dimensional (3d) imaging such as cone - beam computed tomography (cbct) appear to offer significant advantages in both quality and quantity of data representing true anatomy, . The increased use of computed tomography in dentistry has also spurred the improvement of existing software d... |
Patients with schizophrenia present major impairment in social functioning, independent living and work status, compared to healthy subjects [1, 2]. Besides the well - established positive and negative symptoms, recently it has been largely recognized that a generalized cognitive deficit is at the core of schizophrenia... |
Anorexia is an eating disorder that generally affects adolescents, triggering severe relational imbalance to the family . The emotional functioning of families with an anorexic adolescent plays a pivotal role in the evolution of the disorder and in the therapies addressed not only to the adolescents but to the family a... |
During the course of sepsis pattern recognition receptors (prrs) of the innate immune system such as toll - like receptors (tlrs) have been shown to play a decisive role in the disease process . Toll - like receptors bind pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps) originating from non - self - sources as well as da... |
For centuries, the human brain remained impervious to direct observation and experimentation (penfield, 1958), but with the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (mri) this situation changed very quickly . The technique supported the fastest and most significant progress toward understanding the functional architecture ... |
A sustained research activity has been devoted to lanthanide complexes, because of their successful application as diagnostic tools in biomedical analysis as mri contrast agents [1, 2]. They have been used even as effective catalysts for the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphate ester bonds . 4(4h)-quinazolines have been te... |
Bisphosphonates have an important role in the prophylaxis and treatment of postmenopausal and corticosteroid osteoporosis . This case report presents a patient who presented to the ent department with sinus symptoms from oroantral fistulae following bisphosphonate use requiring surgery . This case report aims to raise ... |
A balanced diet during childhood and adolescence is crucial not only for the well - being and growth of the child, but also for the establishment of sound dietary habits that will persist in later life . For example, adequate intake of energy and macronutrients has an essential role in the overall physical growth of th... |
The successful pathogen, toxoplasma gondii, is able to infect virtually all warm - blooded animals including birds and mammals in worldwide, obligating to the zoonotic toxoplasmosis (1). Human beings acquired the disease mainly through ingestion of tissue cysts or oocysts of t. gondii, containing in food or water (2). ... |
According to world health organisation (who) data every twelfth women, or 8% of women are affected by breast cancer . Fortunately, the mortality rate hangs behind in comparison to the number of affected thanks to the risk prevention, promotive activities of the health sector, government sector and individual activities... |
Conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery is common in colorectal surgery with an incidence of 10% to 23% . Many studies have examined risk factors for conversion in laparoscopic colorectal surgery in an effort to identify high - risk patients . Some of the reported risk factors include high body mass index, america... |
Vigabatrin, an irreversible inhibitor of gamma aminobutyric acid (gaba) transaminase (gaba - t) was specifically designed to be a suicide substrate for this enzyme and thereby augment tissue gaba concentrations for the treatment of epilepsy . It was first licensed as an antiepileptic agent in the uk and the republic of... |
Noncoding regions are the major part of eukaryote genomes, and most of them are believed to evolve neutrally (kimura 1983). Under this assumption, we expect that the frequency of a particular short oligonucleotide, or dna word, of 10 bp or shorter should be primarily determined through accumulation of neutral mutations... |
Nowadays cardiac surgeons must face the problem of severely impaired left ventricle function almost on a daily basis . Heart transplantation, due to the limited donor pool, can be offered only to a small number of patients suffering from cardiac failure [1, 2]. Furthermore, the idea of long - term mechanical support as... |
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