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Acute lung injury (ali)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) is a frequent complication of sepsis affecting approximately from 25 to 40% of septic patients and carries a mortality of 40% . Pathogenesis of sepsis - induced ali proceeds through an early phase characterized by granulocyte migration inside capillarie... |
The translabyrinthine (tl) approach for resection of a vestibular schwannoma (vs) is considered the most reliable method for complete tumor removal . In addition, it is generally associated with better facial nerve function.1 2 however, it is thought to lead to complete hearing loss . The other two common approaches, m... |
The attractive and safe (at safe) hospital project was initiated in 2006 with the aim of bringing a finnish university hospital into compliance with the magnet standards . The project received national funding during the period between 2009 and 2011, which significantly increased its scope and made it possible to imple... |
Acromegaly is characterized by excessive growth hormone (gh) secretion and is primarily caused by a gh - secreting pituitary adenoma, which stimulates the growth of various tissues and impairs the structures and functioning of the heart and great vessels [13]. Cardiovascular disease is known to be the most important co... |
The proportion of cases of the kidney cancer in poland in 2010 was about 3.3% of all new cases, while the upper urinary tract tumors are relatively rare and the rate of new cases is about 0.22% . Among kidney cancers, three histological types are the most common: clear cell, papillary and chromophobe . Histopathologica... |
Multi - drug resistant bacteria are associated with persistent disease and are continuously expanding around the world, warranting increased attention.1 extended - spectrum -lactamases (esbls) are enzymes produced by enterobacteriaceae, including escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae, which invalidate -lactam anti... |
The study series included children who took part in the finnish type 1 diabetes prediction and prevention (dipp) study (12). In dipp, the families of all newborn infants at the university hospitals of oulu, tampere, and turku are offered a possibility for screening of newborn infants for hla risk genes for type 1 diabe... |
The world in which we live has been under the influence of an extensive territory of goal - oriented human efforts . We are moving from destiny - based societies toward the societies where evolution is made by human factors . Dealing with this ever - changing world requires a kind of trust in the people who make more c... |
Cancer is a leading health problem in india with approximately 1 million new cases occurring every year . Out of this, 2 lacks occur in head and neck compared to 30,000 new cases in the united states . Carcinoma of the buccal mucosa is the most common oral cavity cancer in india . As per the data available from the nat... |
The adherence rate for chronic medications may be as low as 50%.1 this is of concern as low adherence may negatively affect morbidity and mortality.2 to increase adherence, patient information leaflets have been included in the medication box . However, a study showed that after reading information leaflets on their ow... |
Myelodysplastic syndromes (mds) are a diverse group of clonal hematopoietic malignancies characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, progressive bone marrow failure, cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities, and unpredictable risk of further deteriorating into acute myeloid leukemia (aml). Pathogenesis of mds is complic... |
The role of endodontic sealers is to establish a perfect and hermetic periapical environment seal . Ideally, these materials should be biocompatible with periradicular tissues, non - absorbable, adaptable to dentin walls and should present good handling characteristics and no cytotoxicity . Mineral trioxide aggregate (... |
Influenza remains thus far a serious problem for many countries in connection with the worldwide spread of this disease . Influenza virus infection is an important cause of respiratory infection in the population over the winter season, with peaks in italy, from the end of december to the middle of march . Influenza st... |
Quantitative transmission ultrasound (qtus) is an imaging modality based on tomographic techniques extended to ultrasound . While transmission ultrasound has been investigated as an adjunct to mammography for quite some time [1, 2], recent developments in hardware and imaging algorithms have enabled marked improvements... |
Metal - ceramic restorations combine the esthetic advantages of ceramics with the durability and marginal fit of cast substrates . In recent years, titanium has become a material of great attention in dentistry, because of its good biocompatibility and mechanical properties . The high melting temperature and violent ch... |
Recent advances in nano / microparticle technology have accelerated the application of these particles in biomedicine . Various promising and potential applications of these particles have been reported, including tissue engineering,1 diagnostics,2 cancer therapy,3 and drug delivery.4,5 however, many papers on the eval... |
Since the deinstitutionalization in the 1960s and 1970s, several community - based care services have been developed for persons with severe mental health problems, such as assertive community treatment (act), brokerage and clinical and strengths case management (bedell, cohen, & sullivan, 2000; burns, 2001; holloway &... |
The prevalence of childhood obesity in the usa has tripled since 1980 and now affects 12.5 million school - age children and adolescents [1, 2]. Associated with this epidemic is the rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adolescents, particularly in obese teens (12.4 to 44.2%). The components of metabolic syndro... |
War wounds caused by firearms, represent damage to the body, whose features are extensive destruction of the tissue, primary contamination with polymorphic bacterial flora and altered reactivity of the organism (1). War trauma injuries are usually injuries to the extremities (about 70%), out of which about 40% is accom... |
The prognosis in patients with refractory / relapsed adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) is dismal . Currently, there is no standard salvage therapy for such patients and the only realistic strategy resides in getting another complete remission (cr) followed by a successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell trans... |
Alzheimer disease (ad) is one of the most prevalent health problems among seniors . It is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognition impairment and short - term memory loss, which usually deteriorates with aging . It suggests that the initial pathological event in ad is triggered by depo... |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is primarily a smoking - related lung disease and afflicts more than 200 million people worldwide ., airway inflammation leads to increased mucus production and reduced mucociliary clearance, causing bronchoconstriction and airflow limitation . Patients with copd frequently ... |
Under general anesthetics, decreased hearing sensitivity is common in both animal research and clinical settings . Several studies have demonstrated that different anesthetics increase auditory brainstem response thresholds [13] and depress neural excitability in the auditory midbrain [4, 5] and cortex [68]. The sensit... |
The lazio region is known for certain products of animal origin, some of which are protected by trademarks of origin with a large - scale marketing and others characterised by handicraft production, limited, entering in a commercial circuit most private and exclusive . Consumer safety must be guaranteed for these foods... |
Diabetes mellitus (dm) is a major global health problem affecting, according to the world health organization, more than 346 million people worldwide . It is one of the most severe metabolic disorders in humans characterized by hyperglycemia due to a relative or an absolute deficiency of insulin or the resistance of ta... |
Within the oral cavity exists a biofilm colonized by more than 500 different microbial species, very few of which are actually associated with periodontal disease [13]. These periopathogenic gram - negative bacteria contain multiple virulence factors, including lipopolysaccharide (lps), which can induce the host inflam... |
Haitian immigrant women residing in little haiti, a large ethnic enclave in miami - dade county, experience the highest cervical cancer incidence rates in south florida . Between 20072009, disease incidence in little haiti (34 per 100,000 women) was nearly four times higher than that reported for the miami metropolitan... |
Many liposome studies have been undertaken to develop a wide variety of amphiphilic - associated conjugates containing a polyethylene glycol (peg) segment as a modifier, such as peg bonded to dimyristoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (dmpe - peg)1 or to distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine / methoxypolyethylene glycol (dspe ... |
To improve patient safety, knowledge of the scale of patient safety incidents and the prevention thereof is important, but the response to patient safety incidents that have already occurred is also valuable . The response to patient safety incidents encompasses how they are dealt with and how their damage can be minim... |
Although such techniques are effective in some patients, those with mental, physical or communicational underdevelopment will not be able to benefit from the management techniques . In such cases to avoid a substandard and unsafe dental treatment, a combination of behavior modification and pharmacologic methods are adv... |
To describe how case management can improve the transition between services for returning servicemen injured in war zones who often have very complex and multiple injuries . Studies; literature relating to care of casualties from war zones; statistical evidence on casualty numbers and type of injuries . This presentati... |
Gastric volvulus is a rare condition that comes in two subsets: organoaxial and the less frequent mesenteroaxial volvulus (29%). An organoaxial volvulus rotates around the long axis of the stomach that bisects from the gastroesophageal junction and the pylorus of the stomach . On the other hand, a mesenteroaxial gastri... |
Temporal bone metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) has rarely been reported.1 only one case of facial nerve palsy due to temporal bone metastasis of hcc has been reported and it was detected by autopsy.2 we encountered a case of metastatic hcc to the temporal region of the skull that initially presented as faci... |
During 2012, we collected fecal specimens from sheltered dogs in northern hungary to detect enteric viruses . Of 63 samples obtained from 50 animals, 37 randomly selected samples (from 33 animals) were subjected to random primed reverse transcription pcr and semiconductor sequencing by using the ion torrent pgm platfor... |
Crohn's disease (cd) is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory disorder of any part of the gastrointestinal tract . To date, the incidence and prevalence of cd are increasing in china [1, 2]. Although accumulating evidence indicates that cd is the consequence of a dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune res... |
The chinese population in the netherlands, as in many other countries, has increased greatly in the last ten years . This population is currently approaching 100,000 [1, 2], making it the fourth largest ethnic minority in the country as well as one of the longest established . In this paper chinese not only persons ori... |
Introduction: symptomatic cervical disc disease (scdd) causing radiculopathy is a common diagnosis traditionally treated surgically with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (acdf). Objective: the purpose of this trial is to compare the safety and efficacy of total disc arthroplasty (tda) using the prodisc - c (synt... |
They are involved in almost all cellular processes of living organisms such as communication with the outside world, transport of molecules and ions across membranes and energy generation processes . Their vital importance is reflected in their high frequencies (2030% of total number of proteins) in various genomes (13... |
The azorean archipelago is in the middle of the north atlantic ocean and is sometimes in the route of tropical cyclones and lesser storms . This archipelago is made of nine islands and the fruit production in each island is intimately related to their own geographic location and topographic conditions (batista et al . ... |
Mammals express three aurora kinases, aurora a, aurora b, and aurora c, encoded by the genes aurka, aurkb, and aurkc . Aurora c expression is mainly restricted to testis, where it functions during meiosis, whereas aurora a and b play key functions regulating mitosis . Aurora a is localized to the centrosome and spindle... |
A 67-year - old man visited severance hospital due to persistent and aggravated lower urinary tract symptoms (luts) following a ktp laser pvp 3-month ago in another hospital . The international prostate symptom score (ipss) was 21, the qol score was 5 . A bladder neck contracture was considered, and transurethral incis... |
The clinical outcome of phase i trials is usually descriptive due to small patient numbers . Still, there is evidence that a significant number of patients with acrc derive clinical benefit, at least in the form of meaningful prolonged disease stabilisation . Moreover, patient selection based on clinical parameters suc... |
Several parameters of the immune system exhibit circadian rhythms which refer to daily oscillations with a period of approximately 24 hours [1, 2]. For instance, the number of specific immune cells (e.g., monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes) in circulation and plasma levels of cytokines (e.g., tnf- and il-6) show ~... |
Infections by endoscopes have been described as a consequence of insufficient cleaning and disinfection, . Reports regard duodenoscopes, coloscopes, and bronchoscopes, and concern exists regarding the possible transmission of infective agents like hepatitis b-/c- virus, hiv, mycobacterium tuberculosis and helicobacter ... |
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy / dysplasia (arvc / d) is a myocardial disease that predominantly affects the right ventricle (rv), although biventricular involvement may occur in advanced cases . Arvc / d is characterized by structural derangements that may cause a broad range of signs and symptoms . Y... |
Metal ceramic crowns and fixed dental prosthesis have been widely used in clinical practices because of their good mechanical properties and acceptable aesthetics,12 regardless of the development of all ceramic crowns.34 noble metal ceramic alloys have been frequently used for the fabrications of metal ceramic restorat... |
Europe, and africa from 2006 to 2008 to define the relationship between hba1c and average glucose levels . Because a full description of this observational study has been published (14), a total of 268 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 159 individuals with type 2 diabetes (age 1870 years) completed the study . Parti... |
The innate immune system senses microorganisms through germ - line encoded receptors, the pattern recognition receptors (prrs), which include the membrane associated toll - like receptors (tlrs). Based on the knowledge that stimulation of prrs by pathogen - associated molecular patterns (pamps) has a determinant role i... |
Forty six clinical cryptococcus isolates obtained from asan medical center and seoul national university hospital in seoul, korea, between 2008 and 2012 were used . All the isolates were grown on yeast peptone dextrose medium (difco, detroit, mi, usa) prior to subsequent analysis . The species identification of each st... |
Obesity in adults and in adolescents significantly increases the risk for several chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases (cvd) and type 2 diabetes (t2d) [1, 2]. Excess accumulation of fat inside the abdominal cavity (visceral adipose tissue: vat) is associated with altered insulin sensitivity, blood pressur... |
Candida albicans represents the most permeative fungal pathogen colonizing humans . C. albicans is an unicellular yeast of the cryptococcaceae family with a single bud . As a member of the normal microflora, it is present on the skin and the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and fe... |
Obesity has emerged as a public health problem worldwide . Indeed, it is now so common that it is replacing the more traditional public health concerns (i.e., under nutrition and infectious diseases). The prevalence of obesity has increased in the last century and was dramatically accentuated in recent decades . While ... |
The sedentary mixed crop livestock smallholding system encompasses> 50% of poor people resident in east africa . These resource - poor subsistence farmers own only a few animals, yet these animals are one of their principal capital assets . Subsistence farmers rely on livestock for food security, financial income, and ... |
Humans and organisms are exposed to complex mixtures of hazardous chemicals at superfund sites or in waters impacted by oil spills . Characterizing exposure and associated risks in these scenarios for example, natural ultraviolet b (uvb) radiation and technologies used for in situ contaminant remediation (chemical oxid... |
The bioactivity of mta led to the interest at the development of new dental materials based on calcium silicates, including root canal sealers . Mta fillapex (angelus industry dental products s / a, londrina, pr, brazil) composition consists of mta associated with resins and pigments . Mta plus (avalon biomed inc ., sa... |
The occlusal relationship and spacing in deciduous dentition is known to have a vital bearing on the setting up of the normal occlusal relationship in permanent dentition.1 the ideal occlusion and spacing in primary dentition acts as mirror for the prevalence of malocclusion in the permanent dentition . The properly pl... |
The dcct was a multicenter randomized trial of intensive versus conventional diabetes therapy for type 1 diabetes in the development and progression of microvascular diabetes complications . All participants were between the ages of 13 and 39 years and had baseline a1c levels greater than 3 sds above the mean for indiv... |
Patients with atypical skull base osteomyelitis (sbo) are difficult to diagnose because multiple cranial nerve deficits mimicking symptoms caused by mass located at a posterior fossa often develop, even without definite abnormalities suspicious of ear problems (1). Mastoiditis can result in intracranial complications o... |
Data from 8,301 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the royal prince alfred hospital diabetes centre in sydney, australia, from 1989 to 2007 were available for study . These patients had a full complications assessment, and data were collected following a standardized protocol as described previously (5). Specifi... |
Viruses are common habitants of the human population, where they establish different forms of infection, including an acute, a chronic, or a persistent infection with production of low levels of virions . Some viruses can exist in a true latent state in which infectious particles are only produced upon reactivation sti... |
Congential absence of the posterior atlas arch is rare . Cases may appear as partial clefts or even total agenesis of the posterior arch . They are mostly found incidentally in asymptomatic patients, but symptoms vary from mild neck pain to neurologic deficitis after traumatic injury . Partial clefts are prevalent in 4... |
Oral candidiasis is an infectious condition caused by the fungus of the genus candida, the most common of which is candida albicans . Oral candidiasis significantly occurs to the immunocompromised individuals, namely, patients with aids immunosuppression, cancer chemotherapy / radiation therapy, corticosteroid therapy,... |
Many devastating and currently untreatable human diseases arise from the loss or malfunction of specific cell types in the body . This is particularly true for age - related diseases such as lung diseases, neurologic degenerative diseases, type 2 diabetes, and heart failure,1 as well as for other medical conditions suc... |
The denture cleansing agents, composition, and their manufacturer information are listed in table 1 . Chemical composition, product name, manufacturers of chemical disinfectants a total of 100 samples were made using a custom - made metallic mold, which consists of a base, middle plate, and a lid . Six rectangular slot... |
Its main characteristics are: limited social interests, stereotypic behaviors, limited social communications, and impaired social interactions . In addition, more evidence must be provided for many of the suggested interventional approaches in children with autism . N - acetylcysteine (nac) is a precursor to glutathion... |
Modern clinical psychology tries to reduce suffering from diseases and improve quality of life by reducing depression and anxiety effects . Positive psychology is a new field that tries to identify what makes life more worthwhile . Among different subjects in positive psychology, hope, happiness, and life satisfaction ... |
Spermatogonial stem cells (sscs) provide the foundation for spermatogenesis that begins with self - renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (sscs) (1). Sscs reside within a specialized microenvironment called niche that regulates testicular homeostasis by balancing ssc self - renewal and differentiatio... |
Both attention and consciousness refer to complex concepts in search of consensus for definition . Consciousness can indicate a state of vigilance or wakefulness, which ranges between comatose states to being awake . It can also refer to the conscious processing of a given piece of information, such as being conscious ... |
A six - month - old cyanotic child diagnosed with double outlet right ventricle (dorv) with ventricular septal defect (vsd) and pulmonary stenosis (ps) was admitted to the emergency room . The patient s birth weight was 3.3 kg and the patient weighed 7.1 kg at arrival . Echocardiography revealed dorv, a large subaortic... |
Perivascular nerves have been identified in close proximity to smooth muscle layers in the cerebral vessel[13] and the density of innervations of cerebral resistance vessels have been reported to be similar to the mesenteric and/or the femoral arterial beds. [45] astrocytes and vascular cells in association with the pe... |
Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (cpan) is an uncommon and rare form of cutaneous vasculitis . It should be differentiated from systemic polyarteritis nodosa (pan) due to the different clinical course and management of the two conditions . The diagnosis is based on skin biopsy, as there are no specific serological tests ... |
The channels for the droplet production are 25 m . To make the microfluidic devices, crosslinker and pdms were added together at a ratio of 1:10 crosslinker: pdms and the solution was poured on the wafers (which were cleaned with isopropanol). Thereafter, the devices were put in the oven at 65 c for at least two hours ... |
Numerous neck muscles are involved in neck movements, and so isolated neck weakness is extremely uncommon in cerebral infarction . We report herein the case of a 65-year - old woman with hypertension and acute cortical infarction, presenting with ipsilateral head tilt and contralateral sensory changes in the neck and s... |
The lifetime prevalence of urinary stones is around 1% to 15%, and the peak age of incidence is at 30 years . Ureteral stones account for 20% of the calculi in urolithiasis and about 70% of ureteral stones are present in the distal third of the ureter at the time of presentation . Almost 50% of ureteral stones will pas... |
Depression is becoming a very important issue in modern society . With ensuing social problems to be expected, it may become the disease with the greatest social burden after ischemic heart disease1, 2 . Considering that depression is the most common psychological problem in old age3, more psychological problems will d... |
Oral anticoagulants are widely used in the prevention and treatment of venous and arterial thrombotic events . Bleeding is the major side effect of warfarin therapy, but other nonhemorrhagic adverse reactions are also considerable . Warfarin - induced skin changes are relatively uncommon side effects of warfarin therap... |
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) is a viral infectious disease that commonly occurs in infants and young children (mostly 5 years of age). It is typically characterized by the sudden appearance of erythematous papulovesicular eruptions on the hand, feet, perioral area, knees, and buttocks and inside the oral cavity... |
The angiogenic effect of vascular endothelial growth factor [vegf], mediated by two receptors, fms - like tyrosine kinase (flt) and kinase insert domain protein receptor (flk) receptor that play important role for implantation in decidual angiogenesis and uterine vascular permiability (1). Hormonally controlled angioge... |
The ultimate goal of root canal treatment is to eliminate bacteria and their by - products . Thus, the conjunction of instrumentation along with various irrigation solutions and medicaments has been suggested . As the infections of the root canal system are known to be polymicrobial in nature, antibiotic combinations h... |
Hypertension and its cardiac, cerebrovascular, and renal complications are the most important causes of morbidity and mortality, and poor hypertension control is an important factor in the rising epidemic of cardiovascular disease in the developing countries . As in the rest of the world, however, little was known abou... |
A living kidney donor can improve the quality of life and offer a survival advantage to the recipient . Since 1998, as per organ procurement and transplantation network data, there have been approximately 309,319 kidney transplantations and of these approximately 108,150 are from living kidney donors . The shortage of ... |
Diabetes is a common chronic disease that affects millions of americans . As of 2011, 11.3% of people 20 years or older had diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes (1). Forecasts suggest a continued increase in the population burden of diabetes during the next few decades, with 1 in 3 adults in the u.s . At risk for develop... |
Studies have shown that gingival tissue can be affected in pregnancy . Although pregnancy itself does not result in gingivitis typical feature of pregnancy gingivitis is that the gums appear red, swollen with smooth texture and increased bleeding tendency . The pregnancy - related gingival changes usually resolve withi... |
When considering exercise in cancer, several factors have to be taken into consideration, in particular those alterations that could limit the capacity to perform exercise and consequently the resulting beneficial or detrimental effects . Actually, many cancer patients suffer from chronic fatigue, either from the disea... |
A 41-year - old female patient presented to the emergency room with sudden weakness of the legs that began one hour previously . The initial heart rate was at 75 beats / min and blood pressure was at 101/63 mmhg . In addition, the femoral, popliteal, and dorsalis pedis arterial pulses were markedly diminished bilateral... |
On september 16, 2008, a 16-year - old boy came to the clnica de olhos do par in par, brazil, with low visual acuity (0.54 m), an intraocular pressure of 44 mm hg, and pain in the left eye . Ophthalmologic examination showed a nematode (video) in the anterior chamber of the left eye . The patient reported no travel his... |
Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease categorized, primarily, by reduced insulin sensitivity, -cell dysfunction, and elevated hepatic glucose production . Insulin resistance is widely accepted as the starting point for the progression from glucose intolerance to overt type 2 diabetes . Therefore understanding the unde... |
The microcrystalline rare - earth - doped ceria - based materials are very good oxide ionic conductors at intermediate temperatures, and these materials have been considered as alternative of the yttria - stabilized zirconia as the electrolyte of the solid oxide fuel cell (sofc). Major problem associated with the ceria... |
Myopathy has frequently been associated with repeated intramuscular injections of narcotic analgesics such as pentazocine, butarphanol, propoxyphene, heroin, piritramide, methadone, and meperidine . Pentazocine is a commonly used synthetic narcotic analgesic for moderate to severe pain secondary to various conditions .... |
The bidirectional signaling pathway between the brain and the gastrointestinal system has been recognized and it has been underlined that emotional feeling can influence the function of the gut and vice versa, the condition of gastrointestinal (gi) tract can alter brain functions . One of the first notions in this fiel... |
The importance of bacteria in the etiology of periodontal disease and also the association of specific groups of gram ve organisms (75%) is well established . This increasing knowledge of specific bacteria as predominant agents in the development of periodontal diseases led to the use of systemic antimicrobials in the ... |
Current information on ebola aimed at the public was downloaded from various websites; a list is provided in technical appendix . Information was retrieved from the european centre for disease control (ebola factsheet for the general public); the us centers for disease prevention and control (cdc; questions and answers... |
Irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is a syndrome that is characterised by spells of abdominal discomfort and pain . According to the rome iii criteria, the diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms in the absence of structural or tissue abnormalities . Ibs patients are defined by reporting abdominal complaints at least 3 day... |
It constitutes about 3 and 0.5% of all intracranial tumors in children and adults respectively . The common sites of these tumors are the lateral ventricles in children and the fourth ventricle in adults ., we describe a series of seven cases of pediatric cpp and also discuss the clinical features, radiological charact... |
It requires aggressive treatment and close monitoring in the intensive care unit (icu). Intravenous fluids, vasopressor administration, early and appropriate antibiotic therapy, source of infection control as well as ventilator support are essential for the treatment of these patients . However, once there has been ade... |
Severe left main coronary artery (lmca) disease is a critical condition and it requires prompt management when it manifests in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (acs). Interventional management with percutaneous coronary intervention (pci) or coronary artery bypass graft (cabg) is mandatory in this setting . Both ... |
Dynamic susceptibility - contrast perfusion magnetic resonance (mr) imaging is a commonly used method for the noninvasive assessment of cerebral blood perfusion because of the availability of mr imaging units and lack of exposure to ionizing radiation [110]. After a bolus injection of intravascular contrast agent, the ... |
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