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Cystic echinococcosis (hydatid cyst, ce) is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of dog tapeworm echinococcus granulosus . It has been identified as a major public health and economic problem in developing countries including iran (1). The most common form of treatment is open surgical removal of the cysts ... |
E. coli is the major inhabitant of human gastrointestinal tracts and considered as non pathogen . However, specific strains of e. coli can cause different disease such as urinary tract infections, meningitis, wound infections, bacteremia, and diarrhea in human . The e. coli strains that cause diarrhea are considered as... |
The incidence of the relatively slow growing and rare types of neuroendocrine tumors (net) is 5.3/100,000, and the prevalence is 35/100,000 . Neuroendocrine cells are distributed widely throughout the body, including the nervous and endocrine systems . Neuroendocrine tumors produce and secrete regulatory hormones, givi... |
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (ten) -like rash of lupus, a rare entity, is clinically indistinguishable from drug - induced ten . Toxic epidermal necrolysis (ten) is a common, yet one of the most dreaded dermatological emergencies . Ten - like rash of lupus, which is clinically indistinguishable from drug - induced ten, i... |
Although much research has focused on nuclear dna (ndna) as a potential site for radiation damage, attention has now turned to the responses of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) to ionizing radiation . While mtdna and ndna have chemically identical gross compositions, subtle differences in their subcellular environments lead t... |
We retrospectively analyzed data from 75 patients referred to the department of cardiovascular and respiratory sciences of the university of rome la sapienza from january 2001 to february 2004 for clinical and serologic (hepatitis c virus, hepatitis b virus, hhv-8, and cytomegalovirus) evaluation for lung transplantati... |
The humanized monoclonal antibody bevacizumab (avastin genentech / roche) is increasingly used to treat malignant solid tumors . This antibody recognizes and blocks vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf)-a . The latter is a chemical signal that stimulates the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). In the kidney... |
Cyclic neutropenia (cn) is a rare disorder characterized by regular oscillation in peripheral neutrophil counts with 21-day periodicity . Affected individuals typically experience recurrent aphthous stomatitis, fever, malaise, and, occasionally, cutaneous or subcutaneous infections . According to the international stud... |
Insulin resistance is defined as the decreased peripheral tissue response to insulin - mediated cellular actions and the term " insulin resistance " refers to reduced whole - body glucose uptake in response to physiological levels of insulin . Insulin resistance is a common feature of obesity and is strongly associated... |
Therapy - related myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myelogenous leukemia (t - mds / aml) constitute the most serious late - onset complications caused by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy . Recent advances in anticancer chemotherapy using various classical and novel anticancer agents have led to a higher rate of treat... |
Biofilms (organic contamination) are routinely found in dental treatment water delivery systems.18 they can be observed colonizing within dental unit waterlines in as little as two weeks.9 when viewed through a scanning electron microscope (sem), biofilms are characterized by microorganisms embedded in an extracellular... |
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf) is a multigene family member of structurally related peptide growth factors, and its function is mediated through high - affinity receptors . It is well known that bfgf is a multifunctional cytokine to participate in the process of wound healing, cell proliferation, and apoptosis [... |
Dementia is a syndrome of acquired intellectual deficit resulting in significant impairment of social or occupational functions . Vascular cognitive dementia (vad) comprises dementias resulting from all types of vascular pathologies . The current classification of vad includes: cortical vascular dementia; subcortical i... |
Interspinous devices (isds) are motion preservation systems that are claimed to alter favorably the movement and load transfer of a spinal - motion segment and to increase the space in the lateral recess and foramina.1,2,3,4,5 initial clinical results were promising;4,5 however, in recent studies mixed results have bee... |
Polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) is one of the most common endocrine disorders, affecting 510% women of reproductive age . Pcos is a heterogeneous condition characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries . Pcos is the most common cause of female infertility and is al... |
One of the endeavors of science is to have the power to predict phenomena, yet my career trajectory has been anything but predictable . From an early age i knew i wanted to be a scientist, but just what kind of science was less certain . I spent many hours as a child looking through my mail order telescope at the moons... |
According to the most recent report from the seer database, an estimated 46,420 new cases of pancreatic cancer will be diagnosed in the united states in 2014, with 39,590 related deaths . Despite recent advances in neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment modalities, the prognosis is still dismal, with an estimated 5-year su... |
Transient global amnesia is a syndrome of temporary and reversible disruption of short - term memory accompanied by repetitive questioning . Although the etiology is unknown, the prognosis usually benign, and no particular treatment is required, it is important for all involved clinicians to recognize the diagnosis and... |
It stopped for a thousand years and, because much of the knowledge of antiquity was lost during those years, might actually be said to have gone backwards . When science was reborn in the renaissance, beginning in the 1400s, less was known about the world in general and the living world in particular than was known 1,2... |
Srogl reaction as the main carbon carbon bond cross - coupling step was based on the recent observation that the mild coupling conditions of this reaction, which utilize bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0), copper(i) thiophene carboxylate, and triethylphosphite at ambient temperature, are well tolerated by the salvin... |
Acute kidney injury (aki) is a common complication of cardiovascular surgery and occurs more easily in patients following surgical arch repair in aortic dissection . The incidence of aki after aortic arch surgery has been reported to be higher than after other cardiac surgery . Acute kidney injury also affects long - t... |
Mixed metal oxides are the subject of intense research efforts due to their relative ease of processing and high performance in a range of electronic and optoelectronic devices . A major research and development focus has been on the transparent conducting oxide (tco) alternatives to indium tin oxide and semiconducting... |
A 29-year - old woman with known cardiac amyloidosis suddenly developed three episodes of transient left hemiparesis . The patient had first been seen at our hospital three months earlier because of dyspnea on exertion (nyha class iii). Electrocardiogram (ecg) revealed sinus rhythm with low voltage qrs and q waves in l... |
Cardiac arrest has a dire prognosis, with an average of only 5% of patients being discharged alive without neurologic problems after an out - of - hospital cardiac arrest . Despite improvements in medical therapy and other devices modifying ventilatory support moreover, it cannot be performed successfully for a prolong... |
Sitting for long periods of time places stress on the lumbopelvic region, reduces the circulation of blood in the lower extremities, and may result in muscle shortening, muscle weakness, or hypo - mobility of the joints1 . Osullivan et al.2 showed that decreased trunk muscle endurance is associated with reduced activit... |
The main purpose of placing root - end filling materials during periradicular surgery is to seal the communications between the root canal system and periradicular tissues . Several materials have been used for root - end filling in endodontic surgery [26]. Since the introduction of mineral trioxide aggregate (mta), it... |
Fusariosis is a not uncommon invasive mold infection in patients with hematologic malignancies and hematopoietic cell transplants . Infection tends to spread rapidly in immunocompromised patients due to angioinvasiveness and fungemia but tends to remain localized in immunocompetent patients . Fusariosis has high mortal... |
Exposure to harmful noise at working places and military and recreational environments induces sensorineural hearing loss resulting from damages to cochlear and neural structures in the inner ear, called noise - induced hearing loss . Noise - induced hearing loss is classified into two types: chronic noise - induced he... |
Macgrath videolaryngoscope (aircraft medical, edinburgh, uk) is a relatively new device . The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of macgrath videolaryngoscope in nasotracheal intubation using schroeder directional stylet . We hypothesized that better glottic view and changing curvature of the endotracheal tu... |
Trapped fourth ventricle is a rare and uncommon entity which has been observed as a complication after intraventricular hemorrhage, infection/ meningitis or as a result of chronic over drainage after hydrocephalic shunting . A postinfectious occlusion of fourth ventricle outflow (foramina of luschka and magendie) and s... |
Repetitive upper extremity exercises result in overuse injuries; however, it is challenging to identify the causative exercises . Additionally, the causes of one - third of occupational disorders are not classified . Therefore, the application of evidence - based healing and prevention is more complicated1 . The upper ... |
Acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-hne) are endogenous byproducts of lipid peroxidation, arising as a consequence of oxidative stress (14). Acrolein and crotonaldehyde exposures also occur from exogenous sources, for example, cigarette smoke (5) and automobile exhaust (6). These enals react with dna nucl... |
Hypertension is established as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and antihypertensive treatments are necessary to prevent the cardiovascular events . We have already various and effective antihypertensive agents . However, it is also true that our antihypertensive treatments could not achieve the optimal ... |
Autoimmune pancreatitis (aip) is a form of chronic pancreatitis with raised levels of serum igg4, responsiveness to immunosuppressive therapy, and no apparent underlying cause such as chronic alcoholic pancreatitis [18]. Although first described in 1961 as a case of pancreatitis with autoimmune features, the term aip w... |
Pain management has been increasingly recognized as the standard of practice for all types of surgeries in cats including routine elective surgeries, such as, onychectomy, spays and neuters [15]. In addition to promoting the welfare of the patient, controlling postoperative pain and inflammation facilitates the healing... |
Takayasu arteritis is an inflammatory arteritis involving the large arteries.1 ocular manifestations are not uncommon in takayasu arteritis.2 occlusive arteritis of the aortic arch branches results in ischemic ocular manifestations, whilst involvement of the renal artery or supra - renal aorta causes eye manifestations... |
We reported a case of amfb in a 73-year - old male, involving the mediastinum with computed tomography (ct) imaging and pathologic findings . Preoperative unenhanced ct scan of chest revealed a 6.9 7.4 9.3 cm mass with equal density, located in the posterior mediastinum . Due to the unclear interface between the tumor ... |
Soil transmitted helminths (sth) remain a widespread and neglected public health concern, particularly in tropical rural areas throughout the world. [13] some consequences of sth infection in children include stunting, wasting, cognitive deficits, apathy, reduced levels of physical activity and social interaction, and ... |
In conventional biosensors, analytes diffuse in 3d until they encounter the sensor and are captured . Under the assumptions stated above, the number of analytes n accumulated on a disk - shaped sensor of radius r can be calculated from the diffusion - limited analyte flux j3d - r the steady - state flux to a disk - sha... |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide1 despite increased health care efforts, financial costs, and research concerning its early diagnosis and proper management . Copd epidemiology continues to display a steep increasing trend in mortality, contrary to the ot... |
Cellular differentiation is a unidirectional process starting from uncommitted, undifferentiated cells and ending with differentiated, stable somatic cells . During and after embryonic development, multiple mechanisms are used to ensure that cells do not go backward along their differentiation pathway, or change from o... |
Clinical charts of 31 patients diagnosed with acquired unilateral superior oblique muscle palsy during march 2007 and february 2009 were retrospectively reviewed . This research study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of kim's eye hospital . The study included patients with acquired unilateral... |
Gastroparesis following lung transplantation can complicate medical management leading to malnutrition, weight loss, and erratic absorption of immunosuppressive medications, which are all important factors in the success of grafts . Gastric electrical stimulation has been shown to reduce the frequency of nausea and vom... |
In developing world, increase prevalence of smoking has led to emergence of lung carcinoma as the most common malignancy surpassing oropharyneal carcinoma . More than fifty percent of patients are diagnosed with unresectable or metastatic disease at presentation . Metastatic lung carcinoma can manifest with myriad clin... |
Tobacco use is a major health threat in the southeast asian region and india has one of the largest numbers of tobacco users in the region accounting for an annual consumption of ~250 million kg tobacco . Consequences of tobacco use in india are compounded by the prevalence of both smoking and smokeless tobacco product... |
The ticks that belong to the genus amblyomma are large, ornate, longirostrate blood - feeding ectoparasites of a wide variety of vertebrates . Amblyomma testudinarium is one of the species that has been frequently reported to bite humans in asian countries . Usually, only a few ticks attached to and fed on a human, but... |
During may 2july 30, 2010, a total of 622 febrile patients, who had histories of recent tick bites and sought treatment at mudanjiang forestry central hospital (figure 1) were screened for the infections of tick - borne agents . When patients were admitted, peripheral blood samples were collected and treated with edta ... |
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gists) are mesenchymal neoplasms that appear to be related to the interstitial cells of cajal of the myenteric plexus [1, 2]. Gists are characterized by high immunoreactivity to the thyrosine kinase receptor kit (cd117). Approximately 80 - 95% of gists harbor mutations in the kit gene [... |
Infections of the esophagus occur most commonly in immunocompromised patients such as those infected with human immunodeficiency virus and those receiving chemotherapy or immunosuppressive medications . There are, however, esophageal infections that can occur in both the immunocompromised and the at - risk immunocompet... |
Beta-2-adrenoreceptor (2ars) agonists (2-agonists) are used primarily as bronchodilators in the therapy of obstructive airways disorders, especially bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) [1, 2]. These agents also possess secondary anti - inflammatory properties, affecting cells of both the i... |
This link was first described in the 19th century when beatson used oophorectomy to treat women with advanced breast cancer (3). Overall, er positive tumors are more common than er negative tumors in all age groups . However, the proportion of hormone positivity increases with age, such that breast tumors in postmenopa... |
Chronic low back pain (lbp) is one of the most common long - term health problems in adults in many countries . The prevalence of lbp in previous studies ranged from 18.6% to 57.4%1,2,3,4,5 . Investigation of chronic pain, including chronic lbp, has shifted from a purely biomedical model to a more holistic, biopsychoso... |
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (hcm) is characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy, with predominant involvement of the interventricular septum in the absence of other causes of hypertrophy, such as hypertension, valvular heart disease, or metabolic disease [17]. Familial hcm is an autosomal dominant disor... |
Recently published studies from these laboratories detail the optimization and development of a catalytic, enantioselective carbosulfenylation of alkenes using electron - rich arenes as the nucleophilic partner (scheme 1). In the course of optimization of this process, it was discovered that the enantioselectivity was ... |
Poor oral health impacts a great deal on the quality o life of children, adults, and the aged . It affects children nutrition, growth, and development as well as attendance at school . In adults, good oral health is beyond good dentition; it includes absence of pain, diseases, or any disorders of the dentofacial region... |
Water and small solutes (e.g., urea, glucose, amino acids, mineral ions) in blood plasma freely traverse the gfb while circulating cells such as erythrocytes and high - molecular - weight plasma components such as albumin are selectively retained in blood . Intriguingly, the glomerular permeability of proteins, particu... |
India, after years of struggling with polio, has finally achieved the remarkable feat of spending more than a year without a single case of wild poliovirus . The last polio case was reported on january 13, 2011 from the state of west bengal, and was a case of wild polio virus-1 (wpv 1). India must sustain this feat of ... |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) is the most common adult - onset motor neuron disease . It causes degeneration of motor neurons in the primary motor cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord which subsequently leads to rapidly progressive paralysis of skeletal muscles and ultimately to death due to respiratory failure, u... |
Ajb receives or has received consulting fees from johnson & johnson, genstruct, lilly and tercica, and has received lecture fees from siemens and lilly, and equity ownership / stock from genstruct and numedii . This work was supported by lucile packard foundation for children's health, the hewlett packard foundation, n... |
The furanose ring links phosphate groups into an extended linear backbone and anchors the heterocyclic bases to form the unique chemical structure of rna, dna, tna and related nucleic acids . It has long been recognized from x - ray crystallographic studies that the furanose moiety is not planar but can take many disti... |
A multi - institutional kmri database was constructed with over 3,000 registered patients from october 2009 to april 2012, consisting of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar images . Study candidates were selected from this database based upon previously established inclusion criteria.12 two hundred fifty - seven patients sy... |
The observation that 3,4-pyridyne 2 reacts with poor regioselectivity can be explained by consideration of the aryne distortion model . The geometry - optimized structure of 2 obtained from dft calculations (b3lyp/6 - 31 g *) is shown in figure 1b . Pyridyne 2 possesses only minor aryne distortion, as evidenced by the ... |
The utilization of plant and leaf extracts in animal production has found widespread scientific and commercial acceptance as a strategy to improve the health status and performance of the animals [18]. Leaf extracts also have appetizing and digestion - stimulating properties and antimicrobial effect [912]. According to... |
Pancreatic duct drainage by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp) is a useful and less invasive modality for pancreatic ductal leak or relief of pain in cases of pancreatic ductal dilatation . Endoscopic ultrasound (eus) provides great anatomical details of pancreas hence it can be used for pancreatic d... |
Recent advances in new devices and skills have broadened the indications of percutaneous coronary intervention (pci). However, complications such as dissection, perforation, side branch jail and distal embolization of plaque materials and thrombi remain problems that can result in catastrophic outcomes1 - 3). There may... |
The sentinel lymph node biopsy (snb) has been established as a less invasive approach for axillary staging; however, this procedure continues to have a risk of postoperative lymphedema . Axillary reverse mapping (arm) is a novel technique for preserving the upper extremity lymphatic pathways during axillary lymph node ... |
The integration of genomic sequences with transcription factor function and gene expression to decipher the gene regulatory networks underlying various developmental processes is a major challenge of the post - genomic era (1). Although the view that regulatory regions manifest as clusters of transcription factor bindi... |
Many doctors discourage functional single ventricle (fsv) patients from becoming pregnant due to the concern that the cardiovascular burden during pregnancy and delivery may provoke peripartum mortality or persistent heart failure . While cases of successful pregnancy and delivery have been reported in the united state... |
Most gastric adenocarcinomas manifest mucosal lesions, and thus, they are usually diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy . In contrast, gastric submucosal tumor (smt) is often difficult to diagnose histologically, because the tumor surface being covered with normal mucosa . A gastric carcinoma with the endoscopic features rese... |
Si gel for chromatography was silica gel 60 (0.20.5 mm merck) for analytical work and for preparative work tlc silica gel 60 gf 254 merck . Oceanapia sagittaria (sollas, 1902), order haplosclerida, family oceanapiidae, was collected by scuba diving in the gulf of thailand near koh samed (3 meter depth) in april 2005 an... |
Lanthanide containing nanoparticles (ln nps), e.g., ln2o3, lnf3, nalnf4, are employed as imaging agents in biological systems due to their unique luminescent and magnetic properties as well as their low cytotoxicities . The highest - quality ln nps are synthesized at high temperature (between 250 and 330 c) in high - b... |
Medical technology includes all medical equipment used by health organizations for diagnosis, therapy, monitoring, rehabilitation, and care . Effective medical device management is required to ensure high - quality patient care [1, 2]. Accomplished medical device management will greatly assist in the reduction of adver... |
Shunt - dependent chronic hydrocephalus (sdch) is a well - known sequelae of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (asah). The incidence of sdch in patients of all ages after asah ranges from 10 to 48% 4,12,32,36,38). Numerous factors have been reported as being associated with the occurrence of chronic hydrocephalus afte... |
Nmda (n - methyl - d - aspartate) receptor ion channel is a heterotetrameric ligand - gated and voltage - gated ion channel composed of two nr1 and two nr2 subunits . The nmda receptor ion channel is activated by the binding of two glycine (gly) and two glutamate (glu) molecules (agonist) at the ligand binding domains ... |
Gjoannaess first reported treatment of polycystic ovarian disease (pcod) by laparoscopic ovarian drilling . Using a unipolar electrode, he created 5 to 8 craters of 2-mm to 4-mm deep on the ovarian capsule in each ovary . The ovulatory rate after the procedure was 92% with a pregnancy rate of 84%, among women with no o... |
Cancer cervix is the second most common cancer in women in the world, while it is the leading cancer in women in the developing countries . Globally, 15% of all cancers in females are cervical cancers, while in southeast asia, cancer cervix accounts for 20%-30% of all cancers. Cancer of cervix is a major cause of death... |
It is estimated that in the united states, approximately 207,000 women were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and approximately 40,000 women died from the disease in 2010 . Between 1999 and 2005, 48% of women in the united states initially diagnosed with breast cancer were found to have metastatic disease . The mos... |
Treatment success of this disease is attributed to adequate maintenance therapy necessary to prolong the obtained remission . It is a pro - drug that is activated by intracellular pathway and then inactivated by either s - methylation via thiopurine methyltransferase (tpmt) or oxidation via xanthine oxidase . Approxima... |
As an established, non - invasive method, cardiac computed tomography angiography (ctca) can evaluate coronary arteries with a high negative predictive value for excluding significant coronary artery disease (cad)., however, high radiation doses with conventional retrospective electrocardiogram (ecg)-gating is a concer... |
Unsatisfactory (u / s)/inadequate samples are those samples where a meaningful result cannot be issued . In such situations, the national institute for clinical excellence (nice) in the uk recommended the adoption of liquid - based cytology (lbc) in part because it was associated with significantly lower proportions of... |
Healthy persons usually do not develop aspergillosis; but hypersensitivity, structural lung disease, and immune compromise are the three factors that mainly determine the spectrum of disease caused by this mold . Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a serious complication in immunocompromised patients, occurring mostly ... |
The chronic administration of aldosterone (aldo) leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ros) and causes endothelial dysfunction, disruption of the glomerular filtration barrier, proteinuria, and tubular damage and regeneration, leading to the progression of chronic kidney disease [15]. Aldo exhibits these ... |
Acute retinal necrosis (arn) is characterized by the triad of acute vitritis, peripheral necrotizing retinitis and vasculitis . We report a case of 54-year - old woman with bilateral acute retinal necrosis associated with neuroinfection . Observational case report: diagnostic investigations included biochemical tests, ... |
She was suffering from tongue cancer and swallowing disturbances . Because of the swallowing disturbance and tumor growth, the patient received nutrition via percutaneous gastrostomy . Investigations demonstrated a hemoglobin level of 9.8 g / dl, a white blood cell count of 4,800/l, a platelet count of 35.0 10/l and a ... |
Dramatic improvements in socioeconomic conditions and health care resources have led to a substantial increase in life expectancy in industrialized countries, which are nowadays largely composed by elderly people . This demographical change has also impacted the medical field, and old patients have become common in any... |
The predictable success of endodontic treatment depends on cleaning, mechanical instrumentation of root canal system, elimination of microorganisms and their by products and organic debris, and complete root canal filling . However, various factors have been reported which contribute to the failure of root canal treatm... |
Tandem repeat expansion is the cause of 20 or more human genetic disorders, known collectively as the repeat expansion diseases (1,2). This group of diseases includes the fmr1 disorders, fragile x (fx)-associated tremor and ataxia syndrome (fxtas), fx associated primary ovarian insufficiency (fxpoi) and fragile x syndr... |
Forming an accurate impression of the patient's oral environment and fabricating a working model from gypsum that accurately reproduces the relationship with the abutment teeth are two of the most important processes in prosthesis fabrication.1 in order to create an accurate working model, the clinician must be fully a... |
Heart failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality despite medical treatment . Over the last half century, a variety of mechanical cardiac assist devices have been developed . The main types of mechanical ventricular assist devices currently used include surgically implanted ventricular assist devices, percutane... |
Human islets were obtained through the national institutes of health and juvenile diabetes research foundation supported islet cell resource consortium (http://icr.coh.org). On arrival, human islets were washed with pbs and incubated in rpmi medium (gibco, grand isle, ny) containing 5.5 mmol / l glucose, 1% penicillin,... |
Alcohol abuse and alcoholic liver disease (ald) are major health problems both in the usa and worldwide . The most prevalent manifestations of ald are the presence of fatty liver (hepatic steatosis), alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis . Of these manifestations, it is noted that hepatic steatosis is a reversible early s... |
The evidence in evidence - based medicine might be based on scientific principles and not exclusively on probability - based statistics . Although probability - based statistics has a role in the evidence structure of clinical epidemiology, it need not dominate the evidence structure of medical practice . The hard - wo... |
Knowledge of the stability of these mixtures is necessary, because the infusion of unstable compounds is potentially dangerous . Since fujita's animal studies in 1971, it has been accepted that there is a relationship between toxicity and particle size . The predominant factors affecting emulsion particle size seem to ... |
As a preliminary phase of the study, we analyzed the data of 9 patients with chronic advanced heart failure in whom we performed invasive right hemodynamics during cardiopulmonary testing . The remaining part of the study was carried out in 190 patients with chronic systolic heart failure and without pulmonary disease ... |
The clinical high - risk state of psychosis (at - risk mental state, hereafter arms) is defined by attenuated positive psychotic symptoms, genetic liability and functional deterioration or brief and self - remitting psychotic symptoms (fusar - poli et al ., 2013; yung et al ., 1998). However, affective symptoms, includ... |
Many first - generation biopharmaceuticals are facing patent expiry over the coming years, opening up the global biological products market to subsequent or follow - on products that might be called biosimilars. In the insulin market, patent protections for a number of insulin preparations (human insulins or insulin an... |
What are we to do when the irresistible force of the need to offer clinical advice meets with the immovable object of flawed evidence? All we can do is our best: give the advice, but alert the advisees to the flaws in the evidence on which it is based . The ancestor of this set of pages was created by dave sackett and ... |
As most mature blood cells are short - lived, they are in need of continuous replacement to ensure a sufficient capacity of the hematopoietic system . Hematopoiesis is therefore characterized by vigorous proliferation, although magnitudes differ depending on the developmental stages at which defined progenitors reside ... |
After host cell invasion, the parasites replicate by endodiogeny, which eventually leads to lysis of the host cell and subsequent invasion of neighboring cells (1). Toxoplasmosis is often asymptomatic (2) and regarded as an opportunistic disease in immunocompromised patients (3). Acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women a... |
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