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A 53 kg, 157 cm, 35-year - old primigravida at the 38th week of pregnancy was admitted for a cesarean section due to breech presentation . Computed tomographic angiography performed 3 years prior had revealed that the left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery were totally occluded along with a thrombotic an... |
The advent of minimally invasive technique has changed the surgical approaches to management of both anterior and posterior segment disorders and provided the potential for performance of multiple surgical procedures in all ocular structures within the same operation, with prompt switching from one of the numerous entr... |
Considerable effort has been dedicated over the last decade to developing focusing devices capable of delivering x - ray beams of micrometer and submicrometer size for a wide range of spectroscopic and diffraction applications ranging from materials science and environmental science to biomedical studies . These effort... |
A recent study found 9.8% (n = 41) of french bulldogs had compressive spinal cord disease associated with hemivertebra . The most common clinical findings are pelvic limb ataxia and paresis ranging from very mild ataxia to loss of voluntary movement of the pelvic limbs . The diagnosis is based on clinical signs and dia... |
Pediatric glaucoma includes a wide variety of conditions which result in elevated intraocular pressure and optic nerve damage, ranging from primary congenital glaucoma since birth to developmental glaucoma associated with other diseases and acquired glaucoma secondary to multiple causes . Depending on the age of the pa... |
The focus of this paper lies at the intersection of three strands of investigation, each of which has generated a substantial literature . The first strand concerns the relationship between preferences for future childbearing and reproductive behaviour and the closely related topic of unmet need for contraception . At ... |
For memory formation in a neuronal circuit, the primary function of presynaptic terminals is the firing activity - dependent release of neurotransmitters and subsequent recycling of their carrier synaptic vesicles, processes which critically depend on atp and ca . Presynaptic firing of action potentials activates volta... |
Teeth can be moved through the alveolar bone when appropriate orthodontic force is applied to them . This is mainly due to the fact that mechanical loading of a biological system results in strain, which subsequently leads to biological responses at the cellular and molecular level, aiming at adaptation of the system t... |
Imitation is an innate tendency in humans (meltzoff and moore, 1977; meltzoff and moore, 1983; meltzoff and moore, 1989) as well as in newborn chimpanzees (bard and russell, 1999; myowa, 1996; myowa - yamakoshi et al ., 2005) and macaques (ferrari et al ., 2006) the ability to reproduce gestures may provide one of the ... |
Anti - neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (anca)-positive vasculitis a term that is favored to designate the disease otherwise known as wegener's granulomatosis is a rare multi - system disease that is classically described as consisting of necrotizing granulomas and vasculitis of the respiratory tract, generalized small ... |
We use bilamellar - invaginated vesicles (bivs) that are unique liposomal nanoparticles (nps) providing highly efficient delivery for intravenous (iv) injection of encapsulated therapeutics including plasmid dna [15]. In addition to having extended half - life and stability in circulation, bivs are nontoxic, nonimmunog... |
The survival of children with osteosarcoma has improved substantially over the last 30 yr . However, as the number of long - term survivors has increased, there have been increasing concerns about the potential of late sequelae, especially in the development of second malignant neoplasms (smn's). In previous reports wi... |
Nonmotor symptoms have a strong impact on the prognosis and quality of life in patients with multiple system atrophy (msa). Patients with msa often have evidence of compromised gastrointestinal motility [1, 2], which may be caused by disruptions in the autonomic nervous system . However, it remains unclear whether neur... |
Multiple alignments of nucleic acid and protein sequences are basic investigations widely used for a large number of studies, such as phylogeny, profile construction, structure prediction, and sequence / structure activity relationships . In the last years, many programs and services have been developed to align multip... |
The m+c program currently provides health insurance coverage to 5 million medicare beneficiaries through privately operated managed care plans (centers for medicare & medicaid services, 2002b). In exchange for accepting some limits on utilization and choice of provider, m+c enrollees typically receive more extensive co... |
Despite advances in care over the past 20 years, diabetic nephropathy (dn) remains the single largest cause of patients with diabetes, and additional therapeutic approaches beyond glycemic and hypertensive control should be employed to reduce the rate of progression of nephropathy . Multiple metabolic pathways are prop... |
It is rare ad genetic disorder characterized by multiple exostosis, prevalence 1 in 30,000, m: f radio is 1:5:1 with incomplete penetrance in female . The presence of a painless mass around joints that slowly increases with age until puberty is suggestive of the diagnosis . A 10-year - old boy presented with generalise... |
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (cah; omim #201910) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders that result from the deficiency of one of several enzymes involved in the steroidogenic pathway for cortisol biosynthesis . The most common cause of cah, accounting for 90% of cases, is 21-hydroxylase deficiency resulting fro... |
Because this research was a part of a public health response, our study did not require formal ethical approval from a medical ethics committee . We communicated with the airline and bus operators to collect passenger information and undertook personal interviews in related communities . A hotline was set up, and the c... |
Due to their wide band - gap and high exciton binding energy, zno and its alloys are of considerable interest for applications as optoelectronic devices, such as short - wavelength light - emitting diode (led) and laser diode (ld). Especially, the band - gap of zn1xmgxo alloys can be tuned from 3.3 to 4.2 ev by mg inco... |
Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant widely used for the treatment of arterial and venous thromboembolism as well as for primary and secondary prevention of these disorders . The most common indications for warfarin therapy are arterial fibrillation, venous and arterial thrombosis, systemic embolism, and mechanical heart ... |
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1 dm) is a chronic medical condition requiring intensive treatment and optimal glycemic control in order to prevent and/or delay onset and/or progression of long term complications . Cardiovascular disease (cvd) is the major cause of death for patients with t1 dm in the united states . The mo... |
Diabetic ketoacidosis (dka) is a metabolic derangement characterized by the triad of hyperglycemia, acidosis, and ketosis that occurs in the presence of very low levels of effective insulin action . Dka is a current threat for children with type 1 diabetes and its epidemiology is variable in various countries [1, 2]. T... |
Pennsylvania mandates that any medical event, involving the clinical care of a patient in a licensed acute care facility, that either results in an unanticipated injury (serious event) or could have injured the patient (near - miss incident) be reported to the pennsylvania patient safety authority . Pennsylvania is the... |
Bisphosphonates (bps) are well - known substances with very efficient antiresorptive properties [1, 2]. Therefore, bps have important effects on bone turnover and are widely used to treat a variety of diseases such as osteoporosis, bone metastasis, hypercalcemia of malignancy, paget s disease, osteogenesis imperfecta o... |
Heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, zinc, nickel, copper, and chromium (vi) or their compounds have been used extensively by various metal finishing, mining, and chemical industries . This has led to a sharp increasing in the contamination of water . Due to their toxicity, the presence of these metals in excessive quan... |
With the introduction of cone - beam computed tomography (cbct) to dentistry as a valuable imaging modality, this modality is increasingly used since it can provide three dimensional (3d), high resolution accurate information of hard tissues with a relatively low radiation dose . It enhances diagnosis, treatment planni... |
One of the most reliable indicators of the malignancy of a pulmonary nodule is its growth rate [1, 2]. To accurately measure the growth rate of a nodule, automated methods need to repeatably and robustly measure the volume of a nodule on several scans . Juxtapleural pulmonary nodules are attached to the chest wall and ... |
To describe the pathophysiological findings of a patient with pemphigus vulgaris (pv) showing giant conjunctival papillae . A 64-year - old man who had mucosal - dominant pv with giant conjunctival papillae, resembling those of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (vkc), underwent an ophthalmological workup . Ophthalmic interve... |
Within the context of the technological advances of the 21st century, improper use of electronic media has become a major contributing factor to the growing problem of childhood obesity . Recent studies have shown a positive relation between time spent in front of tv and increasing adiposity among school children . Thu... |
Multiple myeloma (mm) is a neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells with overproduction of monoclonal immunoglobulins and infiltration into the bone and other organs . The disease accounts for approximately 1% of all cancers and usually affects patients older than 60 years of age . Although ascites can develop in patie... |
There is a chance of indirect pulpal injury during restorative procedures47 . In cavities prepared to receive restorative materials, factors such as margin location, cavity depth and remaining sound tooth structure are important for a good prognosis . To avoid thermomechanical shortcomings, it has been recommended to s... |
The rate of childhood obesity is increasing in developing countries, but this rate is highest in the middle east . In the last few decades, the kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa) has experienced rapid socio - cultural changes caused by the dramatic rise in the economy of the arabian gulf region . This transformation, associ... |
Proton therapy is now a well - established method in treatment of cancer and noncancer diseases . The rationale of using protons with energies between 60 and 250 mev is based on the favourable depth dose distribution, so that the targets can be located on a spread - out bragg peak while the normal tissue is exposed in ... |
Pregnancy is a physiological phenomenon with multidimensional processes including physical, social, physiological, cultural and mental aspects (1). The final goal of the parturition team is to provide a safe birth while maintaining the health of the mother and her neonate (3). Due to advancements in surgical procedures... |
Interestingly, the actual daily costs of the drug itself does not significantly affect the overall costs of treatment . Still in many settings, the choice of therapy is controlled by drug acquisition costs, as these data are easily available . This article provides a review of the current literature on the role of rece... |
Nontraumatic dental condition - related emergency department (ed) visits have increased substantially over time in the united states.13 information on the time of day and day of week that patients visit eds for nontraumatic dental conditions (ntdcs) is scanty and poorly documented . Ladrillo et al4 reported that 27% of... |
A 37-year - old female with retroviral disease was brought to casualty by caregivers because she was confused . She had started antiretroviral drugs 2 months earlier and subsequently defaulted . On initial clinical examination, the patient was confused (not orientated to time, place, or person), pyrexial, and pale . Sh... |
Hysterectomy is the second most frequently performed major surgical procedure on women all over the world, next only to cesarean . The term hysterectomy though means removal of uterus; in practice it has a much wider classification depending upon the indication . At times, it is done without removal of the cervix (supr... |
It has been practiced by tamil vaithiyars (native healers of tamil nadu) who taught people an impeccable life style that trails in societies of tamil nadu . The current accepted modern medicine has gradually developed over the years by scientific and observational efforts of scientists . The scientist paracelsus quoted... |
A previous report suggested that the spetzler - martin grading scale cannot accurately predict microsurgical outcomes for avms located in the cerebellum.2) lawton et al . Described the supplementary grading scale, which accounts for patient age, history of avm rupture, and compactness of the nidus.1) we report two case... |
Capecitabine (xeloda) is an orally administered antineoplastic pro - drug, which in tumour tissue is preferentially converted to 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) by thymidine phosphorylase (tp). It is used as adjuvant chemotherapy for metastatic breast and colon cancer . Common dose - limiting side - effects of capecitabine inclu... |
The canadian medical association (cma) has published guidelines (now in its 8 edition) to assist physicians with the assessment of driving capacity . The guidelines state that moderate - to - severe dementia is a contraindication to driving . The cma uses the third canadian consensus conference on dementia guidelines w... |
Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (cmn) was first described in 1967 by bolande et al . It is the most commonly occurring renal tumor found in infants less than three months old, and known to have a favorable outcome after complete surgical excision (2). (3) summarized the main pathological variants of cmn as the classic ... |
The samples were nursing students from first to fourth year of education in isfahan faculty of nursing and midwifery who did patients care during clinical internship . The interviews were carried out in the presence of the researcher and participant in a single room . Each session of interview lasted between 30 to 40 m... |
Simkania negevensis is an obligate intracellular gram - negative bacterium belonging to the family of simkaniaceae in the order chlamydiales, discovered as a contaminant in a variety of cell cultures, and is able to grow also in various environmental free - living amoebae such as acanthamoeba poliphaga . Epidemiologic ... |
One of the most common injuries during the growing age of an individual is dento - alveolar injuries . Although the oral region comprises 1% of total body area, the oral injuries account for as much as 5% of all body injuries, with an even higher proportion of oral injuries among children . A traumatic dental injury is... |
Each student learns in different ways and this affects their performance . In medicine, students and teachers must update themselves and find appropriate ways for learning (1). In such situations learning styles can help them improve their learning ability (2). Teacher - based strategies can change to student - based s... |
Alzheimer's disease (ad) is the leading cause of dementia in older adults . Currently 4.5 million americans have ad and this number is expected to rise to 13.2 million by the year 2050 . Estimates within canada suggest that over half a million individuals over 65 years of age have ad or a related disease [2, 3]. While ... |
Glycosylation is the most common co- and post - translational modification of proteins; it may be estimated that approximately 70% of cytosolic and 80% of membrane - bound human proteins are glycosylated . Glycans play an important role in many different processes (e.g., viral infection, cancer development, cell - sign... |
Multiple sclerosis (ms) is the most common neurological disease of young adults with over one million individuals worldwide afflicted by the disease (noseworthy et al ., 2000; ms is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (cns) that causes the demyelination of nerve cells and destroys oligodendrocytes, ne... |
Haematopoiesis is a lifelong process that generates the range of blood cell types that exhibit distinct and specialised functions . Transcription factors play a critical role in this complex and highly orchestrated process, directing multipotent haematopoietic stem cells (hscs) towards lineage commitment by regulating ... |
With rapid economic development and industrialization, the construction industry continues to rank among the most hazardous industries in the world (1). Within the construction industry, the risk of a fatality is five times more than in manufacturing, whilst the risk of a major injury is two and a half times higher (2)... |
This study was a retrospective cohort study, using anonymized longitudinal data for all patients attending the south east london diabetic eye screening service between 2008 and 2011 . The service evaluation was approved by the national health service (nhs) research and development office for south london; informed cons... |
Despite great progresses in orthopaedics, cartilage defects still constitute a major medical issue leading to serious decrease in the quality of life and to high medical costs . This is mainly due to the fact that articular cartilage is a tissue subject to intensive wear but endowed with modest regeneration potential .... |
Isolated para - aortic lymph node (ln) recurrence is defined as recurrence only to the para - aortic lns, and is a type of oligometastatic cancer . This type of recurrence is relatively rare; isolated para - aortic ln recurrence develops in approximately 12% of pelvic cancer patients following curative treatment [13]. ... |
Brown norway rats weighing 200 to 250 g were purchased from samtako (osan, korea). Care, use, and treatment of all animals in this study were in strict compliance with the association for research in vision and ophthalmology statement for the use of animals in ophthalmic and vision research . Animals were subjected to ... |
The average age and life expectancy have increased in korea due to the aging of the society . It is important to select an adequate treatment option considering patient age, level of activity, lower extremity alignment, and body mass index2,3). Proximal tibial osteotomy has been used to treat knee joint degenerative ar... |
Nowadays, the body mass index (bmi) is increasing in many populations and childhood obesity is an emerging problem [13]. In the united states the prevalence rates of obesity between 1971 and 1974 in 611-year - old white / black children were 4% . Between 1999 and 2002, these prevalence rates increased to 13% and 20% in... |
In a population - based investigation in the united states, radhakrishnan et al demonstrated an annual incidence of 83 per 100,000 for any cervical radiculopathy; a total of 561 individuals with cervical radiculopathy were studied.1 c8 was implicated in 35 cases (6.2%), making it the least frequently involved root.1 as... |
Bladder cancer (bc) is the eighth most common cancer in korean men . At the time of diagnosis, the majority of bcs are nonmuscle invasive bladder cancers (nmibcs), with the remainder being muscle invasive bladder cancers (mibcs) and metastatic disease . Although these cancer types originate from the same transitional e... |
Fiberoptic endoscopes are the most commonly used instruments to evaluate colonic pathology in modern day practice . The procedure is considered to be safe but complications such as bleeding and perforation, although rare may occur and may even be lethal especially in cases of late detection . Intraperitoneal perforatio... |
Comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation improves exercise performance and health - related quality of life and reduces the frequency of hospitalization and health care costs . In exercise testing methods, bicycles, treadmills, and/or simple potential outcome measurements include the maximum workload, maximum oxygen cons... |
Since the aquatic environment serves as the ultimate sink for many environmental pollutants such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs), particular attention has been given to evaluate the ecological effects of edcs (a wide variety of developmental, morphological and reproductive abnormalities: feminization or inters... |
This cross - sectional study design utilized a single center prospective convenience sample of patients (12 years of age and older) presenting to the emergency department . This is a community teaching hospital with 410 beds and 85,000 visits per year including more than 25,000 trauma cases per year . Power analysis de... |
Dynamic steady state aerobic exercise lasting between 5 and 30 minutes is associated with an increase in cardiac output secondary to an increase in heart rate and stroke volume . The heightened stroke volume is due, in part, to a starling - mediated increase in end - diastolic volume (i.e. Preload reserve) and to enhan... |
Emergency thoracotomy is defined as the thoracotomy performed in the scene of accident, emergency department for patients arriving in extremis or in the operating room with no previous plan . Current indications are severe penetrating or blunt injury with recent witnessed loss of signs of life (sol) and persistent, sev... |
Anorexia nervosa (an) is a psychiatric disorder which can result in life - threatening medical complications (1 - 3) and multifaceted endocrine abnormalities (4,5). Its prevalence is 0.2 - 0.9% among young women, with a peak age ranging between 14 and 25 years (1). However, a significant number of middle - aged women h... |
Now - a - days, obesity is considered to be epidemic disease which leads toward a positive energy balance . It is associated with many health - related complications such as insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm), and other metabolic disorders . In obese individuals, the accumulation of more fat occurs in... |
The combination of brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy (ebrt) is a standard therapeutic option for high risk prostate cancer and has provided excellent results in such patients [1, 2]. Brachytherapy allows a high dose of radiation to be administered directly into the prostate with a rapid fall off of a dose to... |
As chemically reactive molecules, reactive oxygen species (ros) including free radicals (superoxide and hydroxyl radicals) and nonradical species (hydrogen peroxide) can be produced at various conditions in a multitude of ways . It has been proven that excessive ros production is responsible for inflammatory and autoim... |
Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and possible subsequent secondary right ventricular failure . Patients with pulmonary hypertension may initially complain of dyspnea upon exertion, lethargy, and fatigue . As the disease progresses, right ventricular failure develops, and e... |
Gram - negative bacteria are ubiquitous in marine environments . As in the case of other microrganisms from sea habitats, they represent an interesting field of research, being a valuable source of natural substances provided with powerful bioactivity . Among the compounds that marine bacteria are able to synthesize, w... |
A toxic substance is a small molecule, peptide, or protein that is capable of causing injury or death . Toxins, both natural and man - made, represent an important class of poisonous compounds that are ubiquitous in nature, in homes and in the workplace . Common toxins include pollutants, pesticides, preservatives, dru... |
Intestinal transplantation (itx) has added a new dimension to the management of patients with irreversible intestinal and parenteral nutrition failure . A good measure of its success not only involves having a patient alive, well and off parenteral nutrition (pn), but having a patient that is nutritionally replete . Th... |
The pathogenesis of aortic stenosis (as) is a largely understudied research area, compared to other cardiovascular diseases, which has major human health implications . Historically, as has been considered an age - related, passive, degenerative disease . However, during the past 15 years, indisputable evidence has sho... |
The modern treatment of pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1d) relies not only on professional medical care but also on psychosocial support . The impact of t1d on everyday life is much broader than a mere adaptation to the demanding treatment regime (balanced diet, blood glucose monitoring, insulin injections or inf... |
Aurora kinases, a family of three serine - threonine kinases designated a, b, and c, play key and distinct roles in different stages of mitosis . At the early stages of mitosis, aurora - a forms a complex with tpx2 (targeting protein for xklp2) that regulates centrosome maturation and mitotic spindle assembly . Aurora ... |
Musa acuminata (banana) is one of the most important fruit crops of world as well as of india . Banana could be considered poor man's apple, and it is the cheapest among all other fruits in the country . The pathogen is soil - borne and remains viable up to several years and cause 20%80% loss of banana . Several diseas... |
In the past few decades we have experienced dramatic changes in the age structure of human populations, especially in industrialized countries . These changes are characterized by an increasing probability of reaching old and very old age.13 as a multidimensional reality of life, aging is difficult to define simply.4 t... |
A 19-year - old male presented with an additional opening on the ventral surface of the penile shaft along with a normally placed urethral meatus at the tip of the glans . There was no history of swelling or stone impaction at the site of the opening . The only surgical history was of a ceremonial circumcision at the a... |
Gastric bezoar is not a common disease; however, it may become the reason for an intraluminal obstruction . Non - operative management of gastric bezoar such as medication and endoscopic fragmentation and retrieval has been proposed for treatment. (1,2) if these treatments fail, surgical approach is needed and removal ... |
Pleural tuberculosis (tb) is one of the most important and common causes of pleural effusion, especially in the regions with high prevalence . Nevertheless, the establishment of tuberculous pleural effusion (tpe) diagnosis is difficult and challenging . Traditionally, it is based on the isolation of mycobacterium tuber... |
Progress of human civilization depends on the literacy and development in the lower levels of society . Any activity based on systematic thinking and practical approach requires its simple concept of literacy . In the past, literacy was known as being capable of reading, writing and arithmetic, but in the present era o... |
Electron capture dissociation (ecd) is a radical - driven fragmentation technique which provides an alternative to slow - heating collision induced dissociation (cid). (1) ecd has successfully been applied to the small - scale detailed characterization of various peptides, modified or otherwise . These experiments are ... |
An 18-day - old baby with failure to thrive was referred to our clinic for eye examination . Blood investigations included total and differential blood count, blood sugar, serum electrolytes, serum ammonia, serum lactate, serum pyruvate, liver enzymes, thyroid function tests and arterial blood gases . Urine was tested ... |
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes airflow limitation and affects the performance of activities of daily living.1 pharmacological treatment is essential2 and is aimed at achieving and maintaining clinical asthma control.1 inhalation is the most widely used approach for the treatment of asthma because ... |
Among infectious diseases, hepatitis c virus (hcv) still represents a major public health threat, with a dramatic burden from both epidemiological and clinical points of view . Chronically infected individuals are estimated to reach 150170 million worldwide and estimates of incidence, performed in the united states by ... |
Ambras syndrome (as) is a rare and special form of congenital hypertrichosis, associated with dysmorphic facial features and a familial pattern of inheritance . It was first reported in 1993 by baumeister et al . Till date, only ten cases of as are reported according to literature, of which two cases were associated wi... |
Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (icad) is the process by which atherosclerotic plaques affect large intracranial arteries . Intracranial stenosis represents the most advanced stage of icad and is a precursor to ischemic stroke . Icad is the leading cause of stroke among patients of asian ancestry, and hispanics an... |
Analysis of uncultured fetal cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) has been used as a rapid alternative in screening for common chromosomal aneuploidies (1, 2). Although fish usually takes only 24 to 48 hr, it is expensive and intensively laborious . Recently, quantitative fluorescent pcr (qf - pcr) of sin... |
Congenital facial nerve palsy is clinically defined as unilateral or bilateral paralysis of facial nerve in neonatal period . Facial nerve aplasia is an extremely rare anomaly that usually occurs in association with moebius syndrome . Even rarer is the occurrence of isolated aplasia of facial nerve, with only few cases... |
Hospital overcapacity rates and emergency department (ed) waiting times are important issues currently being faced by the canadian medical system . There is increasing pressure to reduce health - care costs and diminish unnecessary hospital admissions and ed visits . Of particular concern are social admissions, where p... |
Carotid sinus hypersensitivity (csh) is characterized by an asystolic or hypotensive response to carotid sinus massage (csm) and is associated with syncope, unexplained falls, and drop attacks in older individuals . Csh is rare before the age of 40 years, but is diagnosed with increasing frequency with advancing age . ... |
Cayler cardio - facial syndrome is a rare syndrome associated with asymmetric crying faces with congenital heart disease . We report a newborn that was diagnosed as case of cayler cardio - facial syndrome based on clinical features and was confirmed with fish analysis . A term male baby, born to non - consanguineous co... |
Over the past 3 years, metabolomics has evolved from a little - known branch of analytical chemistry to a main - stream enterprise being practiced by hundreds of laboratories around the world . Thanks to technical advances in nmr spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and compound separation, it is now possible to identify an... |
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