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A total of 350 adolescent girls, born in the years 19871992 and living in the capital area in iceland, were randomly selected from statistics iceland . Six per cent of the original sample did not fulfil these criteria, and 13% could not be reached by phone, leaving 284 subjects . Of these, 145 girls (51% of the eligibl...
The current study included participants of the population - based cooperative health research in the region of augsburg (kora) survey s4 (19992001; n = 4,261) and its 7-year follow - up study f4 (20062008; n = 3,080) and was conducted in the region of augsburg, southern germany . The study was approved by the ethics co...
All coastal communities were visited by the canadian coast guard ship (ccgs) amundsen, which was equipped with research and laboratory facilities . Communities provided the researchers with numbered housing lists from which a random sample of households was selected using a random numbers table or computer - generated ...
Sydney trains and new south wales (nsw) trains have drug and alcohol policies, and conduct workplace drug testing, in accordance with legislative requirements . Each year, on a random basis, a minimum 25% of all rail safety workers must be selected to undertake drug or alcohol testing (1). In the case of random testing...
Necrotizing fasciitis remains a rare disease with an estimated 500 to 1000 cases annually in the united states (1). The majority of cases occur after minor trauma, and very rarely described after a variety of surgical procedures (2). Here a 24 year old at 38 weeks gestation (g3p2) presented to another hospital in labor...
Percutaneous, transthoracic fine needle aspiration cytology (fnac) is a well established diagnostic method used in the cytological evaluation of thoracic mass lesions for the last three decades . Nowadays, computed tomography (ct)-guided fnac of lesions of the lungs and the mediastinum is widely practised in several in...
Silver has been an effective agent with documented efficacy against wide spectrum of bacterial, viral, and fungal infections . Various wound dressing materials or implants coated with silver have been advocated for preventive or therapeutic measure against biofilm formation . Biologically, active ions released by silve...
This case report describes a pathognomonic clinical sign which ultimately secured a diagnosis of vgkc limbic encephalitis and expedited appropriate treatment . A 69-year - old man presented to his primary care physician with a recent onset of intermittent painful spasms of his right arm and face . Routine electrolytes ...
A 38-year - old male was admitted to the hospital under the gastroenterology service with an acute exacerbation of alcohol - induced chronic pancreatitis ., the patient complained of ongoing left upper quadrant abdominal discomfort with associated nausea . During the investigation of this abdominal pain an endoscopic r...
Prone positioning aids in optimum exposure and access during craniovertebral junction (cvj) surgeries . Consequently, complications, such as cardiovascular instability, raised airway pressures, neurovascular injuries, and pressure injuries, can occur . A horseshoe headrest having cushioned pad base and multipositioning...
Hospitals are an important part of a health system that, in coordination with other parts, provide health to the community . In fact, hospitals have a key role in providing health services; therefore, they have a major impact on the efficiency of a health system (1). The most important tool for evaluating hospital perf...
All patients were taking metformin (12 g / day), and 14 patients were taking sulfonylureas (510 mg / day glyburide or glipizide). None of the subjects was receiving insulin or thiazolidinedione therapy or taking any antioxidant or nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs . Demographic data for the patients are summarized...
Presence of a pericardial friction rub, pleuritic chest pain with positional changes, and characteristic findings on ecg are specific for diagnosing pericarditis in the clinical setting . However, in developed countries like the united states, more than 80% of cases of pericarditis are idiopathic (5). Acute / chronic a...
Lower back pain (lbp), an important public health problem in industrialized societies, is associated with substantial healthcare and societal costs . Lumbar spondylosis (ls) is common with aging and is considered to be related to lbp and disability . Ls is characterized radiologically by the presence of osteophytes, en...
Neonatal morbidity and mortality have remained high in most developing countries and are affecting their attainment of millennium development goal (mdg) 4 . Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of these deaths, most of which are preventable [1, 2]. Studies in developing countries have shown strong evidence that d...
Atrial fibrillation (af) is the most common sustained arrhythmia whose prevalence and incidence have been shown to be increasing in the past two decades . The global burden of af was estimated to be about 33.5 million in 2010 and it has been christened as the epidemic of the new millennium . Though data in india are sc...
Syringomyelia associated with spinal arachnoiditis is commonly caused by trauma, infection, and surgery of the spinal cord . Severe cases with extensive adhesive arachnoiditis are very difficult to treat.1 several authors have proposed an arachnoid dissection to resolve the major pathogenic factors responsible for syri...
Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (fap) type iv (finnish) is a very rare life - threatening disorder and reported only in a few countries . Faps transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait neurodegenerative disorder associated with extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils, particularly in the peripheral nervous system ...
More than 20% of elderly americans (65 years or older) have type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm).1 t2 dm is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly,2 and half of elderly patients receiving diabetes treatment do not achieve adequate glycemic control.3 although glycemic control is important, elderly p...
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00038 - 012 - 0438-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users . Vaccines are one of the most cost - effective strategies to prevent infectious diseases among children, adolescents, and adults . (who and unicef 2005) many developed countrie...
Automated measurements of retinal thickness and volume using optical coherence tomography (oct) and imaging - processing software are commonly used in the diagnosis and management of retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and age - related macular degeneration [14]. Dublin, ca, usa) is the most widely used devic...
We performed a retrospective study of 50 patients who underwent artificial disc replacement (adr) of the cervical spine from may 2006 to september 2011 . Excluding the level of adr, the rest disc levels from c23 to c67, and all levels of facet joints two radiologists in the musculoskeletal department reviewed all radio...
Tooth whitening was first introduced in 1848 employing oxalic acid; then it was progressed by the usage of peroxide products . In 1989, the color of tooth is highly based on the light reflection and absorption characteristics of the enamel and dentin, as well as their chemical composition . Numerous methods have been i...
Hjg is prescribed for the treatment of kidney deficiency, which is a concept in traditional chinese medicine . This concept refers to aging pathophysiology, such as lack of energy, eyesight, hearing, and muscle / skeletal function . It has been reported that hjg stimulates the production of testosterone in rats.6 hjg c...
Copd exacerbations have a major impact on morbidity and mortality when intensive care unit (icu) admission is required.1,2 acute respiratory failure (arf) due to copd exacerbation is, as a first choice, primarily managed by noninvasive mechanical ventilation (nimv), and the initiation of nimv is determined by the sever...
Scedosporium apiospermum (s. apiospermum), one of the main species within the newly defined pseudallescheria boydii complex, is a common, clinically important filamentous mold responsible for numerous opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients or individuals after near - drowning accidents . It is ubiquitou...
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (ppcm) is a form of dilated cardiomyopathy with severe left ventricular (lv) dysfunction leading to heart failure during the last month of pregnancy or within 5 months of delivery without any determinable etiology for the cardiac failure and also absence of demonstrable heart disease prior to ...
A 47-year - old man with a diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy was referred for lvad bridge to heart transplantation in august 2011 . He had no history of hypertension and family history of heart disease . A transthoracic echocardiogram (tte) revealed severely dilated left ventricle (lv) with left ventricular ejection ...
Clean streams are essential for providing ecosystem services to sustain thriving communities and healthy ecosystems . The city of durham stormwater services division publishes an annual report to inform the citizens of durham county about the water quality conditions of their local watersheds . The intent of these repo...
The incidence of cs varies in different studies from 0.7 to 2.4 per million populations per year . A more recent study reported a prevalence of 79 per million and incidence of 1.8 per million per year for cs . Nearly 80% of the cases of endogenous hypercortisolism are adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) dependent, the a...
The first case is a 20-year - old african - american female with ns and systemic manifestations of short stature (58 inches), webbed neck and prior surgery for atrial septal defect (asd) presented with cloudy vision in the right eye that had acutely worsened over 1 month . The patient was prescribed glasses at 4 years ...
Caspase-1 activation of human and mouse brain tissue were analyzed by western blot of cleaved caspase-1 . All mice were on c57/bl6 background, including wt, nlrp3, app / ps1, app / ps1/nlrp3, caspase-1, app / ps1/caspase-1 and were analyzed for cognitive function using the morris water maze, the object recognition test...
A fundamental understanding of enzymatic reaction dynamics and mechanisms relies on the experimental characterization of the specific steps of the enzymatic reactions . Beyond the well - known michaelis menten mechanism, there are a number of fundamental questions that are critical but have not been experimentally answ...
All of the subjects (n=42) who were diagnosed with lgmd by the neurology department of the hacettepe university hospital, ankara, turkey and were referred to the physical therapy department of the health sciences faculty between may 2013 and december 2014 were invited to participate in the study . However, 15 subjects ...
As age increases, the importance of health promoting behaviors become more prominent owing to their increasing contribution to maintaining the functions required for living independently . The utmost issues concerning the quality of life for the elderly have to do with ensuring their adequate independence in physical a...
During the past decades, a variety of biomechanical and biological factors that determine the outcome of bone repair have been identified . In many patients, accordingly, there is a need to investigate further confounding factors that might interfere with bone repair . Recently, we showed that an elevated serum concent...
Data from hospital records were collected from march 28, 2003, when the first gastroenteritis cases were observed, until april 29, 2003, when the number of gastroenteritis cases decreased to <20 per day . A subsequent retrospective survey of hospital staff was carried out from april 19 to may 3, 2003, when the number o...
Radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgical resection including total mesorectal excision (tme) are the standard components of treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer . The optimum sequence has been investigated in randomized trials, and preoperative chemoradiotherapy (crt) is the preferred treatment for...
Mntrier s disease is characterized by hypertrophic gastric rugae, gastrointestinal upset, gastropathy resulting in protein loss, normal or hyposecretion of gastric acid, and occasional severe upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage . Duodenal obstruction is not a common presentation of this rare disorder . Here, we report a ...
The hydration shell of a protein is known to have a critical influence on protein structure and function . In particular, the dynamic properties of the hydration shell play a role in biochemical processes including protein folding, enzyme function, and molecular recognition . A complete understanding of such processes ...
The past two decades have witnessed a renaissance in the development of iron - based methods for catalytic c c bond transformations, motivated by iron s advantageous economic profile and its rich and tunable redox chemistry . C cross - coupling in the 1970s using simple iron salts, recent research efforts have focused ...
Coronary heart disease (chd) is the major cause of death in american women as it is in men, but despite considerable scientific advances, much remains to be learned about the unique characteristics of this disease in women . Young and middleaged women, in particular, have been underrepresented in research studies of ca...
Bacteria were cultured in t - salts minimal medium supplemented with glucose (0.2% w / v) plus 30 m kh2po4 for chemostats or 1 mm kh2po4 for batch culture (spira et al . Bacteria for phenotypic tests were grown or minimal medium a or l - broth (as described by miller). All growth was at 37 c. for long - term chemostats...
Respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a negative sense single - stranded rna virus belonging to pneumovirus genus, subfamily pneumovirinae . Rsv is considered a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections in children less than two years of age worldwide . Therefore, early detection of the virus is a critica...
Hiccups are repeated involuntary, spasmodic and temporary contractions of the diaphragm accompanied by sudden closure of the glottis, producing a distinguishing hic sound . Hiccups, or singulata (hiccup is singultus), are commonly experienced by most people at 1 time or another and are usually brief and self - limiting...
A 70-year - old female was referred by her general practitioner (gp) with dense cataract in the right eye and proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the left eye . Co - morbidities included congestive cardiac failure, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, eczema, ins...
Copd, a systemic inflammatory disease, is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.1 it has been estimated that the average prevalence of copd is 6.2% in asia and almost one - fifth of identified subjects are categorized as having severe copd.2 copd is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mort...
Angiogenesis or neovascularization is defined as the growth and development of new capillaries from pre - existing blood vessels, and is essential for tumors to grow beyond a minimal size.1 this could occur either by branching and extension of adjacent blood vessels or by recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells fro...
Efemp1 mice and their wild - type littermates at 6, 18, or 24 months of age were used . Both male and female mice were used for all the genotypes, age groups, and treatment conditions . All mice were handled in accordance with the standards of humane animal care described by the national institutes of health guide for ...
Dens fractures have accounted for 7% to 15% of all fractures of the cervical spine and 1% to 2% of all spine fractures.11) despite numerous publications on this injury, with a trend toward early surgical stabilization,4) the treatment modality for this frequent injury remains controversial . Especially, in the case of ...
Other than by direct invasion following traumatic and iatrogenic incidents, infectious agents can gain access to the brain by two mechanisms: using peripheral nerves as physical conduits (neural neuroinvasion) or via the blood (haematogenous neuroinvasion). Documented examples of the first include viruses, such as lyss...
Leprosy is a chronic multisystemic disease caused by mycobacterium leprae, wherein the clinicopathological presentation is determined by the complex interaction between the invading organism and the immune status of the individual . The most common organs involved are the skin, monocyte macrophage system and peripheral...
Down syndrome is one of the most common genetically disorders, which is accompanied with intellectual disability (1). Its prevalence varies from 1 from 700 to 900 of alive birth (2). Since, baby birth is a critical moment, the diagnosis of down syndrome leads parents to experience various feelings before and after the ...
The importance of tlr4 in host defense against escherichia coli urinary tract infection (uti) has been extensively studied in mouse models where the course of infection and immune responses can be studied in animals with normal and defective tlr4 alleles (1, 2). Mice from the c3h / hej strain have a point mutation in t...
Some explanations for this are an increasing proportion of elderly people in the general population and those admitted to hospitals, more intensive and aggressive treatment of various diseases and injuries, and increased microbial resistance, especially in the hospital environment . Recent reports from the usa suggest ...
Caloric restriction (cr) and exercise have been considered to have beneficial effects on human health, including reducing the risks for the development of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer [1, 2]. Studies have shown that cr and exercise can improve the metabolic conditions in obesity, but the underlying mech...
Venous hemangiomas are one of the most common soft - tissue tumors,1 representing 7% of all benign soft - tissue tumors.2 histologically, they are characterized as the proliferation of vascular channels whose walls contain layers of smooth muscle.3,4,5 these tumors frequently occur in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, ...
Treatment of variceal bleeding has improved; however, variceal bleeding is still the most fatal complication of liver cirrhosis (1 - 3). Gastric varices occur in 5%-33% of patients with portal hypertension, and the incidence of bleeding is 25% in two years (4). Although gastric variceal bleeding occurs less frequently ...
Dna from 5 isolates (151/06, 371/08, 290/10, 754/10, and 229/11) was prepared for sequencing by using the nextera sample preparation method and sequenced with a standard 2 151 base protocol on a miseq instrument (illumina, san diego, ca, usa) (6). Sequences were analyzed as described (7). In brief, velvet version 1.1.0...
A 39-year - old caucasian male with no significant past medical history presented to the emergency room reporting a two - week history of a worsening cough associated with the production of rusty sputum, pleuritic chest pain, and intermittent fevers, as well as an unintentional 30-pound weight loss over the preceding s...
Multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic, debilitating neurological condition that affects an estimated two million people worldwide . Despite decades of research, the aetiology of ms and factors that affect disease progression and relapse rate are still debated . Symptoms of the disease are heterogeneous, and the current ...
There are three unpaired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta, the celiac trunk (ct), the superior mesenteric artery (sma) and the inferior mesenteric artery (i m a), proceeding in a cranio - caudal direction . The two upper unpaired visceral branches originate from the aorta in a prefixed site at the level of the ...
Systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) is a multisystem, complex autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production and tissue injury . The formation of immune complexes with these autoantibodies and their deposition in multiple organs contribute to eventual end - organ damage . The disease commonly affects young ...
Adenosine stress first - pass perfusion imaging is increasingly used for the detection of myocardial ischemia . There is however still considerable heterogeneity in used clinical protocols . Among others the use of (semi-) quantitative analysis or a more straightforward visual reading, which is more often used in clini...
The whale shark rhincodon typus and the reef manta ray manta alfredi are giant planktivorous elasmobranchs that are presumed to feed predominantly on aggregations of zooplankton in highly productive areas [1, 2]. Direct studies on the diet of these elasmobranchs are limited to examination of a few stomach contents, fae...
The most common sites for metastatic carcinoma are the lung, liver, and skeleton, respectively (1). Most patients presenting with metastasis of an unknown primary cancer have a poor prognosis and short life expectancy, possibly due to dissemination of the cancer and multi - organ failure . Metastasis is generally belie...
Cancer is second to cardiovascular disease as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipients [13]. An australian and new zealand (anz) study showed a 3- to 5-fold increase in overall cancer incidence (excluding non - melanoma skin cancer). The risk of developing a neoplasm, skin neop...
Hypophosphatemic rickets consists of inherited and acquired forms, which share common pathophysiology and clinical features . In hereditary cases, x - linked hypophosphatemic rickets (xlh) with inactivating mutations of the phosphate regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic ...
Eukaryotic cells enter mitosis with high levels of active cyclin - dependent kinase (cdk), which phosphorylates numerous proteins, leading to an array of cellular changes . High kinase levels are also important for maintaining the mitotic state; inhibition of cdk in cells arrested in mitosis with spindle poisons causes...
The importance of assessing the bone condition for the diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis of periodontal disease is uncontested . Traditionally intra - oral periapical (iopa) radiograph are the mainstay to assess the periodontal bone loss, in addition to periodontal probing . Periodontal probing has its own se...
At an early stage in the discovery of x - chromosome inactivation (xci), the phenomena seen in mouse x; autosome translocations provided important clues . The first relevant observation that led to the discovery of xci was that female mice heterozygous for x - linked colour genes showed characteristic patterns of colou...
Cystic fibrosis (cf) is the most common, life - shortening, recessive disease in caucasians with an average life expectancy of 40 years . In the majority of cases, cf is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) protein [2, 3]. The cftr protein funct...
The quadriceps muscles of the anterior thigh consist of the rectus femoris and the vasti: the vastus medialis, the vastus lateralis and the vastus intermedius . The vastus medialis (vm) originates from the lower part of the intertrochanteric line, medial lip of the linea aspera and upper third of the medial supracondyl...
Spermatozoa are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as susceptible to be attacked by ros or membrane lipid peroxide ion . The equilibrium between the amounts of ros produced and scavenged is related with the gamete cell stability and damage . Free radicals have beneficial or detrimental effects upon sperm funct...
It is characterized by progressive inflammation and fibrosis of the intra and extrahepatic bile ducts, which leads to progressive cholestasis, hepatic injury, and eventually liver cirrhosis (1). People with psc are at high risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma (cca), the reported incidence of which varies across differ...
We quantified the copy - number statistics of endogenous mrna using single - molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smfish), following the method of, which we adapted for counting mrna in e. coli at single - transcript resolution (see online methods). Briefly, a set of ~5070 fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide ...
Acdf is a commonly performed procedure for degenerative conditions of the cervical spine with a successful fusion rate of approximately 95% and with overall good to excellent results 1,2 . The majority of patients present with combined complaints of axial neck pain with associated upper extremity radicular or myelopath...
Supracondylar fractures are a common elbow injury in children accounting for 16% of all pediatric fractures and two - thirds of all hospitalizations for pediatric elbow injuries . These are often significant fractures that may be associated with morbidity due to malunion, neurovascular complications, and compartment sy...
Our initial population consisted of 24 boys with autism spectrum disorder (asd) including autism, asperser and autism not otherwise specified (nos) recruited from the patients who referred to a child and adolescent psychiatric clinic . A total number of 23 boys who were recruited from the elementary, middle, and high s...
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (tavr) emerged just over a decade ago and changed the landscape of structural interventional cardiology . Following the publication of three randomized trials, tavr has been used with increasing frequency for the treatment of severe calcific aortic stenosis in patients who have be...
Cardiovascular disease (cvd) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialised countries, causing high health care utilisation costs . Elevated systolic blood pressure (sbp), total cholesterol (tc) and smoking are the best known major risk factors of cvd (vartiainen et al ., 2010). Sbp (> 115 mmhg) is t...
Intracranial atherosclerosis (icas) is a major cause of stroke worldwide, and research on icas is therefore increasing . Although icas is more prevalent in the eastern hemisphere than in the western hemisphere, the study results from both hemispheres are generally similar . For example, studies from both hemispheres ha...
Self - assembly is defined by george whitesides as a process where pre - designed components assemble in a determined structure without the intervention of human operators . This broad but carefully stated definition calls for three essential characteristics for a process to be termed self - assembly . This includes ut...
Penetrating injuries to the tracheobronchial tree are common, but severe injuries such as tracheobronchial laceration or bronchial avulsion due to a blunt trauma are very rare . Most penetrating injuries to the tracheobronchial tree occur in the cervical area, but most blunt injuries occur in the distal trachea or the ...
The progression of the cellular cycle in eukariots is controlled by the interaction of cyclines and kinase - dependent cyclines (cdks). The formation of an active heterodimer through the interaction of cdks with cyclines is extremely necessary, because cyclines do not have their own catalytic activity, and cdks are ina...
Primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease characterized by portal inflammation and immune - mediated destruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts, leading to fibrosis and liver cirrhosis . Primary sjgren's syndrome (pss) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration ...
Cardiovascular disease comprises a variety of heart and vascular conditions including ischemia, atherosclerosis, peripheral artery disease, infective endocarditis, and acute myocardial infarction . Evidence suggests that an association between inflammatory markers such as interleukins, c - reactive proteins, protease a...
Five samples were used for tensile testing and nine samples were used for electrical resistivity tests . All the wires used for testing were of similar dimension 0.017 inch 0.025 inch and of rectangular cross - section . For mechanical tensile testing, universal testing machine (lloyd) was used . For electrical resisti...
Randomised controlled trials (rcts) in surgery are uncommon and often more complex and difficult to design and implement than trials of pharmaceutical interventions . The reasons for this include challenges with recruitment (due to lack of clinical equipoise or treatment preference), difficulties with standardisation a...
After coronary heart disease and cancer of all types, stroke is the third commonest cause of death worldwide . Furthermore, the available knowledge about the patho - physiologic mechanisms of stroke is limited . The natural history of atherosclerosis is a long process including a period during which preclinical involve...
Electrophysiology brain slices were prepared from postnatal day 1315 male wistar rats following a lethal dose of anesthetic (isoflurane inhalation). Brains were dissected in ice - cold acsf (in mm, 119 nacl, 2.5 kcl, 1 nah2po4h2o, 26.2 nahco3, 10 glucose, 2.5 cacl2, 9 mgso4) saturated with 95% o2 and 5% co2 . Transvers...
Most principal neurons receive glutamatergic presynaptic inputs on spines, short protrusions of neuronal dendrites that act as the major glutamate reception compartments . Accordingly, spines play a key role in neuronal signaling, and the dynamic modulation of their molecular composition, structure, function, and numbe...
All tissues used in this study were formalin - fixed and paraffinembedded nsclc tissues obtained from the kyungpook national university hospital between 1998 and 2008 . Two pathologists examined the slides of selected cases and reconfirmed the diagnoses of adc and sqcc according to the world health organization classif...
Copd is characterized by progressive airflow limitation and is associated with abnormal inflammatory response of the airways and lungs, caused by inhalation of noxious gases and particles, such as those contained in tobacco smoke.1 besides inducing lung damage, copd presents multisystemic manifestations and can be asso...
In recent years, plant derived polymers have evoked tremendous interest due to their diverse pharmaceutical applications such as diluents, binders, disintegrants in tablets, thickeners in oral liquids, protective colloids in suspensions, gelling agents in gels, and bases in suppository; they are also used in cosmetics,...
Chemoembolization and/or radiation therapy (rt) is a treatment option in asian - pacific regions, while sorafenib alone is recommended by the barcelona clinic liver cancer (bclc) system for patients with advanced hcc . In these patients, an arterioportal (ap) the presence of an ap shunt has been reported in 27% to 63.2...
Pneumoperitoneum affects homeostasis and leads to alterations in cardiovascular, pulmonary physiology and stress response . Cardiovascular changes include increase in mean arterial pressure (map) with no significant change in heart rate,[13] decrease in cardiac output and increase in systemic vascular resistance (svr)....
Salivary gland cancers are rare, comprising only 35% of all head and neck cancers, with a diverse spectrum of histologic subtypes and natural history . Multiple retrospective studies have shown that in high - grade tumors, advanced stage (t3/4), and/or inadequately excised tumors, adjuvant rt is superior to surgery alo...
Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart . There are typically four pulmonary veins: the right superior, right inferior, left superior, and left inferior . Tumor thrombosis from pulmonary veins can enter centrally into the left atrium [24] or extend peripherally from the pul...