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The development of neural circuits is initiated with the soft - wiring of speculative synaptic connections that form the foundation of specific penultimate circuits, and culminates with a process of refinement in which the correct synaptic connections are solidified, while improper connections are systematically weaken...
Air quality crisis in cities is mainly due to vehicular emissions . Owing to the expanding economic base this has led to an increase in the ownership and use of motor vehicles with a subsequent rise in the levels of air pollution . Exposure to air pollutants is known to be harmful to health, in general, and to the lung...
In recent years, metal / metalloid contamination has resulted in degradation of large areas of cultivable lands, posing a serious threat to sustainable agriculture and food security in developing countries like india . The frequent use of as - laden ground water for irrigation elevates as levels in the soils and makes ...
The greek and roman definitions of genius as a guardian spirit included genetic elements and were progressively associated with various aspects of creativity: it was seen as an illustrious creative power that could be passed to descendants . About 2,000 years later, the eugenics pioneer and founder of the first psychom...
Lymphomas encompass a spectrum of diseases among which hodgkin s disease (hd) is distinct from non - hodgkin lymphomas (nhl). The nodular sclerosis subtype is the most common, occurring in up to three - quarters of all cases . The revised european and american lymphoma (real) and world health organisation (who) classif...
This study was conducted in the dental center of university college hospital, a tertiary hospital located in ibadan, oyo state, southwestern nigeria . Nigeria, which has a population of> 140 million, is rated as fourth among tb - endemic nations, with a prevalence of 521 cases per 100,000 population during 2007 (5). Et...
The human apolipoprotein a - i gene (apoa1) belongs to the apoa1-ciii - aiv gene cluster, located in chromosome 11q23 . This cluster consists of evolutionarily related genes that regulate serum lipid and lipoprotein levels (karathanasis, 1985, elshourbagy et al ., 1986). The nucleotide sequence of apoa1 is interspersed...
Broadly interpreted, culture, per se, has several practical definitions, including the beliefs, customs, and arts of a particular society, group, place, or time; a society that has its own ways of life; and a way of thinking, behaving, or working that exists in a place or organization . We define point of care culture ...
The institutional review board at each participating hospital approved this study, and written informed consent was obtained from each study subject . The study was conducted as one of validating processes for assessing motor and nonmotor functions (scopas, sleep scales, etc .) In korean patients with pd by researcher ...
The tumorigenesis of all human cancers can be divided into a series of landmarks that are required to be overcome by a cancer cell . First, the cells within a tissue undergo genetic or epigenetic alterations and acquire the potential to become malignant, whereby they undergo unregulated proliferation and recruit a bloo...
Toxic shock syndrome (tss) is an acute, systemic, toxin - mediated illness that typically results in shock and multi - organ failure (1). It is usually caused by toxin - producing strains of staphylococcus aureus . In the early 1980s, the use of highly absorbent tampons was associated with the occurrence of tss . From ...
As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors . Such materials are peer reviewed and may be reorganized for online delivery, but are not copyedited or typeset . Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should ...
Avoidance of donor hla mismatches against which a recipient has formed an antibody is standard practice . As a consequence, hla - sensitized patients are disadvantaged in terms of transplant opportunity . Under the uk deceased donor organ allocation scheme, low resolution hla - a, b, cw, dr and dq typing of donor and r...
The asian pacific digestive week meeting was held on september 21 - 24, 2013 in shanghai, china . A multidisciplinary group of international gastroenterologists, hepatologists, endoscopists, digestive surgeons and other health professionals related in the field attended the meeting . Endoscopic ultrasound (eus) was one...
Strong vascular risk factors are age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and cigarette smoking (bulsara et al 2006; olszewski et al 2006). Of particular significance due to its commonness is unilateral or bilateral rotational vertebral artery occlusion (rvao) in cervical spondylosis (fujita et al 1995; ku...
The differential diagnosis of choroidal detachment (cd) associated with exudative retinal detachment (erd) includes vogt - koyanagi - harada disease (vkh), uveal effusion syndrome, metastases, and posterior scleritis . Vkh usually affects pigmented races and the incidence of this condition varies greatly, from 14% of a...
Delirium increases morbidity, functional impairment, length of hospital stay, number of hospitalizations, caregiver stress, and financial cost.2 in addition, delirium is associated with worse prognosis during hospitalization and after discharge.35 despite the fact that delirium has major effects before, during and afte...
Over the past decade, researchers and clinicians have focused more on the impact of oral health and disease, malocclusion, dental and skeletal appearance and treatment for those conditions on psychological and functional well - being . Oral diseases and abnormalities are highly prevalent and can have not only physical,...
Henoch - schonlein - purpura (hsp) is a systemic vasculitis, also known as a leukocytoclastic vasculitis of small vessels, resulting in skin, joint, gastrointestinal and renal involvement . Hsp may affect both infants and adults, but much rarer in adults than in children . The pathogenesis of hsp remains poorly underst...
Vasculitis of medium- and large - sized arteries is an uncommon disease with an estimated annual incidence rate of 1.2 - 2.6 cases per million . Systemic symptoms may manifest in the form of fever, arthralgia, night sweats and weight loss . Pulmonary sequestration consists of a nonfunctioning mass of normal lung tissue...
Large scale survey using tool seeking the peoples view on various aspects of health is a common practice . Indicators like disability - adjusted life years and disability - adjusted life expectancy are probably the best indicators evolved . Usually, managers resort to some traditional indicators that have varied reliab...
In recent years, much effort has been devoted to the development of nanoparticles with the brightest sers possible . While spherical gold and silver colloids have long been used in sers studies, aggregation is typically required to generate the hotspots of electromagnetic field for high sers enhancement . Although this...
Most individuals have single renal arteries on either side that originate from the abdominal aorta at the level of the l2 vertebra (6) (fig . 1). The right renal artery has a long downward course due to the inferior position of the right kidney and it lies behind the inferior vena cava (ivc). Classically, each kidney h...
For the 8-year period 1996 through 2003, we reviewed all suspected etec outbreaks solely or jointly investigated by the foodborne and diarrheal diseases branch at the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc). In accordance with dalton et al ., we defined a confirmed etec outbreak as one in which etec isolates o...
Laparoscopic surgeries are commonly performed under general anesthesia (ga) and endotracheal intubation to prevent aspiration and respiratory embarrassment secondary to induction of pneumoperitoneum . Regional anesthesia has been surprisingly reserved for patients who are at high - risk while under ga . Thoracic epidur...
Modern organometallic chemistry has been greatly influenced by the accidental discovery of bis(cyclopentadienyl)iron(ii) (ferrocene) in 1951 [1, 2]. In fact, ferrocene (cp2fe) has been the most extensively studied organometallic species . Its applications in catalysis, organic synthesis, and industrial processes are nu...
More than 80% of early abortion is thought to be ascribed to the chromosome abnormality . Among the total pregnancy, 12 - 15% ends in miscarriage.1)2) however, even after the heart beat is clinically recognized, some embryos do not develop due to unknown causes . Severe congenital heart diseases (chds) might be the cau...
A 27-year - old man was admitted to the surgical department with right abdominal mass of 10 days' duration associated with abdominal distension, fever, and constipation . 1), while blood tests showed marked leucocytosis (white cell count 1510/dl). Liver function test and tumor markers (alpha - feto protein and chorioem...
Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that has a significant impact not only on patients suffering from the disorder but also on their families.1 the end of traditional institutional care within psychiatric hospitals has led to an emphasis on the importance of emotions and affections within the family and the reco...
Throughout the history of human beings, hiv / aids has been one of the greatest challenges that have made the world unable to find an effective cure . Since its discovery, over 25 million lives thus, the mortality and morbidity rate of this disease remains high, especially in developing world . The first case of hiv in...
All aspects of this research protocol adhered to the tenets of the declaration of helsinki . The institutional review board of seoul national university bundang hospital approved this study and waived the need for informed consent . Included patients had clinical findings consistent with tru and intraocular inflammatio...
Zinc oxide has substantive advantages including the quests for leds and laser diodes because of its wide band gap (~3.37 ev) and large exciton - binding energy (60 mev). Also, deep level defects (intrinsic and extrinsic) in zno can lead to an emission band covering the whole visible spectrum . Furthermore, the optoelec...
Writer's cramp (wc) is a task - specific form of focal hand dystonia (fhd) characterized by disruption in motor performance specifically occurring during overlearned handwriting . Retraining of sensorimotor subroutines is one of the main approaches for the rehabilitation of this movement disorder . Therefore, understan...
An ideal percutaneous nephrolithotomy (pcnl) puncture has been described as one that provides the shortest and straightest access to all calculi, avoids major vessels, bowel and lung, lies along the axis of the calyx and causes minimal parenchymal damage . Sampaio, in his elegant description of the calyceal anatomy, ha...
Duane's retraction syndrome (drs) is characterized by limitations in horizontal eye movements, globe retraction, and palpebral fissure narrowing on attempted adduction.1 this disorder is caused by an innervational disturbance originating in the brain stem origin and represents <1% of all presentations of strabismus.2 a...
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah) is characterized by poor exercise tolerance and impaired functional capacity . In patients with left heart failure (lhf) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, similar impairments respond well to exercise rehabilitation.13 until recently, however, exercise rehabilitation was di...
Prevention is generally known to be an effective measure in reducing dental defects due to negligence of dental care during childhood . Moreover, while the selection of a proper preventive measure for any disease drastically draws upon its etiological factors, oral habits are considered as one of the environmental etio...
Even nowadays, it happens too often that an optic neuritis is misdiagnosed for something else . This is due in part to the misconception that a young woman with acute visual loss in one eye has most probably a disease of the optic nerve; difficulty in pupil examination, incomplete collection of key points in past histo...
The term hepatic cyst usually refers to solitary nonparasitic cysts of the liver, also known as simple cysts . The precise frequency of liver cysts is not known because most do not cause symptoms, but liver cysts have been estimated to occur in 2.5% to 5% of the population . If the whole liver is involved, polycystic l...
Pneumocephalus is defined as the presence of air or gas in the intracranial cavity . In the absence of intracranial tumors or infection, it is be usually caused by head and facial trauma or surgical interventions, and more rarely, infection of pneumatized cavities, paranasal tumors, or radionecrosis (1 - 4). In other c...
Pyogenic granuloma (pg) is benign, nonneoplastic, and the most commonly found lesion in the oral cavity . Pgs can be found in all age groups; however, females are 2 times more frequently affected than males . Traumatic injuries, local irritations, hormonal factors, certain kinds of drugs, and even some vascular morphog...
Drug delivery systems (dds) are designed to increase the therapeutic properties of a drug and reduce its side effects . Poly lactic - co - glycolic acids (plga), which have been approved by the us fda, are frequently used as biomaterials for drug delivery due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability . P...
It is more than three decades since percutaneous coronary intervention (pci) was first used to treat coronary lesions . The treatment of the stenotic lesions of the saphenous vein grafts (svgs) still poses a challenge to cardiovascular medicine . Nearly half of all svgs tend to become occluded and 40% of the rest becom...
Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer in women in western europe and the united states with an incidence highest in the 4055 age range, and its prevalence is still on the rise (parker et al . It accounts for 40,000 and 14,000 deaths yearly in the us and uk, respectively, and that makes it the second cause of cance...
We conducted a retrospective longitudinal descriptive study using data from the truven health marketscan commercial claims and encounters database, which covers approximately 45 million individuals per year in the united states and includes private health sector data from approximately 100 payers . Our primary objectiv...
Conditions such as puberty, pregnancy and menopause have a significant effect on the oral health of women.1 pregnancy is a period of both joy and anxiety in a woman s life and is characterized by various physiological changes in her body brought about by the circulating female sex hormones.2 a number of oral changes ar...
In terms of traffic accident mortality, iran is among the world's leading countries (1). According to the world health organization (who), road crashes are the ninth most frequent cause of death, especially in countries with low or average income (2). . Moreover, those with high - risk behaviors are more likely to have...
Gastric duplication cyst is a rare anomaly that accounts for 27% of all gastrointestinal duplications . Most cases are recognized during childhood with nonspecific symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, weight loss, or an epigastric mass . Gastric duplication cyst recently, several pediatric cases with small gastric dupli...
Diabetes mellitus is a growing problem worldwide entailing enormous financial burden and medical care policy issues . According to international diabetes federation (idf), the number of individuals with diabetes in 2011 crossed 366 million, with an estimated 4.6 million deaths each year . The reported prevalence of dia...
Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to these three elements . In terms of body distribution, hence, body pressure is inevitable, and body pressure distribution is a significant concern . In terms of improving patients quality of life, in previous research in addition, the national pressure ulcer advisory panel ...
Osteoporosis is a condition of skeletal fragility characterised by decreased bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in risk of fracture . Osteoporosis is a worldwide health issue, with a high prevalence of disease not only in western countries but also in asia and lati...
The increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes, together with its burden of patient suffering and societal costs, underscores the importance of finding effective strategies for both treatment and prevention of this disease (1,2). Two clinical constructs for identifying individuals at high risk of developing type 2 diabete...
A 34-year old male with a lifelong history of palpitations was referred for ablation of supraventricular tachycardia . He had already undergone three prior ablation attempts of a parahisian concealed accessory pathway (ap). A diagnostic electrophysiological study orthodromic atrioventricular reentry tachycardia was eas...
Homocysteine (hcy) is a sulfur amino acid which functions as a precursor for l - methionine synthesis and is associated with the metabolism of folic acid and vitamin b1 . Elevated hcy level, i.e., hyperhomocysteinemia could result in different angiopathies through the impairment of endothelial function, increased oxida...
Salivary gland tumors are rare and make up to 3% of head and neck tumors . Approximately 90% of the benign neoplasm of the major salivary gland is associated with the parotid gland . Pa of the submandibular and sublingual gland is quite uncommon and comprises rest (810%) of the group . In a recent asian study, subhashr...
Laparoscopic surgery is a well - established surgical technique for a variety of procedures . In recent years these efforts include the reduction of the diameter of the port size, the reduction in the number of the laparoscopic access [15], and the introduction of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (notes)...
Hookah smoking has gained popularity in the eastern mediterranean region and appears to be developing into a behavioral norm . However, in the past two decades, it has increased in popularity in other parts of the world and has spread to women and youth . Hookah is a generic name for tobacco use methods that share a co...
Cancer of the prostate (pca) is the most common solid neoplasm in europe with an incidence of 21.400 cases per 100.000 men . In germany, every year pca is newly diagnosed in 58.000 men with an average age of 69 years and is currently the third most common cause of cancer death . Besides radical prostatectomy (open retr...
Vogt koyanagi harada s (vkh) disease is a multisystemic disease reported to be rare in sub - saharan africa . Vogt, koyanagi, and harada first described the initial set of patients at different stages of the disease.13 the disease was said to be common in asian patients.4 here we describe two nigerian patients with the...
Renal scintigraphy has provided a clinically important functional evaluation of renal transplants since the beginning of the transplantation era . Nuclear medicine scanning and flow studies remain the primary means for evaluating vascular supply to the transplant after surgery . Although the sensitivity of renal scinti...
Patient data: the medical records of 43 dogs with nasal carcinomas treated with radiation therapy at the rakuno gakuen university veterinary teaching hospital (rgu - vth) between april 2004 and june 2012 were reviewed . All dogs had received biopsy before radiation therapy and had been diagnosed with carcinomas by hist...
The presence of a complete hydatidiform mole with a viable coexisting fetus (cmcf) is reported to occur in one in 22,000100,000 pregnancies . Risk factors of a complete hydatidiform mole include extremes of maternal age and previous history of the gestational trophoblastic disease (gtd). Molar pregnancies are associate...
Bond functionalization has enabled the direct generation of nucleophilic partners without requiring prefunctionalization . H bonds to polarized bonds are particularly efficient and atom - economical for the assembly of heteroatom substituted products . Due to the vast number of diverse aldehydes that are commercially a...
May hegglin anomaly (mha) is a rare hematological disorder, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, within the family of myosin heavy chain (mhc) disorders, including fechtner syndrome, sebastian syndrome, epstein syndrome, and alport - like syndromes.14 this group is also known as myh9-related disorders (myh9rds), b...
Neuroendocrine tumors (nets) are a group of malignant tumors that are believed to originate from neuroendocrine cells found throughout the body . Most nets, like other tumors, are clinically silent, producing symptoms only as a consequence of tumor growth . Pancreatic nets (pnets) can originate within the pancreas or f...
Insulin resistance (ir) and impaired insulin secretion are the main pathogeneses in impaired glucose tolerance (igt) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm). Several researchers have suggested that ir already exists before blood glucose abnormalities in diabetic patients [1, 2] and that hyperinsulinemia occurs before igt ...
Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death worldwide . Urgently needed are the therapies that facilitate replacement of damaged cardiac tissue with new functional cardiomyocytes . In principle, the damaged heart could be regenerated by transplanting cardiomyocytes differentiated in vitro from a variety of cellul...
It is a distinctive oriental treatment in which a herbal extraction is injected into specific acupoints related to the disease . First, highly effective herbs are selected based on the diagnosis; then, the pharmacopuncture fluid is extracted from those selected herbs and injected into the meridian points or sore spots ...
Filtering facepieces are respiratory protective devices frequently used to reduce inhalation exposure to particulate contaminants . Most filtering facepieces used today are made of electret filtering materials (materials with electrical charges on the fibers)1 . Referring to these materials, there are mainly two mechan...
Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease caused by paragonimus trematodes, commonly known as the lung fluke . The most common species, paragonimus westermani, is distributed mainly in south korea, japan, india, and other southeast asian countries . Human paragonimiasis is caused by ingestion of raw or incompletely cooked ...
Several infants are admitted to nicus every day for different reasons, with premature birth being the main reason (1). According to statistics, in 2010, one in every 10 infants was born preterm, which adds up to a total of 15 million premature births throughout the world (2). The human brain is developed largely in the...
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is on the rise globally and has reached epidemic proportions in many countries . The number of adults affected by the disease in 2011 was 366 million, which is projected to increase to 552 million by 2030 . An estimated 25.6 million americans (11.3% of the population) have type 2 diabe...
The rate of plasma transfusion in the us per 1,000 population is more than twice that of other developed countries, leading some to suggest that it is being overused in the usa . Plasma transfusion can be complicated by numerous different adverse events, including volume overload, transfusion related acute lung injury ...
It consists of 3 dimensions: positive affectivity, negative affectivity, and life satisfaction . A person possesses high subjective wellbeing when she or he experiences positive affects more frequently, negative affects less frequently, and high life satisfaction . Wellbeing is considered as a significant indicator of ...
In critically ill patients, acute kidney injury (aki) is associated with a high mortality [15]; however, the mechanism(s) responsible for the increased mortality and morbidity risks associated with aki remain elusive . Aki frequently complicates sepsis or septic shock [1, 6, 7]. So - called septic aki has been independ...
Patients were retrospectively identified from a single center with the ohio state university s information warehouse (iw), a computerized data analysis tool that validates and cleanses patient information incorporated from multiple electronic sources . Patients with a discharge diagnosis of diabetes (icd-9 code 250.x) ...
The lumbar artery perforator (lap) flap provides excess skin and subcutaneous fat tissue from the lower back to upper buttock, known as love handles, without removing any donor muscle . Moreover, the donor - site post - operative scar can be hidden with high - rise underwear . The free lap flap has recently been report...
The adaptive beamforming has found wide applications in many aspects, such as radar, sonar, biomedicine, radio astronomy, and wireless communication . With loss of generalization, adaptive beamforming aims to adjust the main lobe of array beam pattern to focus on the direction of signal of interest (soi) and suppress t...
One of the goals of periodontal therapy is the predictable regeneration of the periodontium in areas previously affected by periodontal disease . Histological and ultrastructural studies have demonstrated that dental roots that have been exposed to the oral cavity or to the periodontal pocket present reduced collagen f...
Evolocumab and alirocumab are monoclonal antibodies that bind to proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (pcsk9) and inhibit its interaction with ldl receptors . The addition of evolocumab or alirocumab to background statin therapy has achieved significant and sustained reduction in low - density lipoprotein cholester...
The majority of environmental factors and toxicants do not have the ability to alter dna sequence or promote genetic mutations directly . However, many environmental factors can promote abnormal phenotypes or increase the risk of disease . Early life exposures during critical windows of development are one of the most ...
Since, their initial introduction in the 1960s, composite resins have undergone improvement in all areas, including aesthetics, wear, and handling . However, high - polymerization shrinkage continues to represent major disadvantages . Previous research has shown polymerization shrinkage to lead to bond failure and micr...
Ductal carcinoma in situ (dcis) of the breast is a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous disease with different malignant potentials [1, 2]. The risk of local recurrence after breast - conserving surgery only (bcs) is rather high and even higher than after surgery for invasive breast cancer [3, 4]. In dcis, adding r...
A multilumen central venous catheter is the preferred vascular access route for critically ill patients requiring multiple drug infusions, parenteral hyperalimentation, and other potentially incompatible drugs . The complexity of delivering these substances becomes more difficult when the size and length of the cathete...
In the current demographic context, aging and neurodegenerative diseases are well known and very much discussed in the media as they become a very important societal issue . Aging is usually related to decline and losses of various kinds . Individuals diagnosed with alzheimer's disease (ad) have now access to pharmacol...
Acute pyelonephritis complicates approximately 1 - 2% of pregnancies, and is one of the leading causes of nonobstetric antepartum hospitalization [1, 2]. Earlier epidemiological data showed an incidence as high as 10%, but with improved antenatal surveillance, the incidence of acute pyelonephritis has decreased in rece...
The human microbiota (the ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms present in our body) or microbiome (entire genome sequence of a microbial community) [1, 2] has recently emerged as an important factor in human physiology, both under homeostatic (health) and pathological conditions ....
Calves were separated from their dam immediately after birth, weighed, and housed unrestrained in separate stalls that were bedded with wood shavings . Calves were fed fresh cow's milk twice a day (60 ml / kg) by a bottle with a nipple after their initial feeding of pooled colostrum on the first day life . Pooled colos...
Hand hygiene is globally acclaimed to be the most cost - effective method for preventing the spread of antimicrobial resistance and reducing healthcare - associated infections (hcais). In a study conducted in 2012, it was found that there were significant deficiencies in the hand hygiene practices of the medical studen...
Bulk segregant analysis (bsa) coupled with high - throughput sequencing is a widely used method to associate genomic regions to complex traits (1,2). Identifying these regions, commonly known as quantitative trait loci (qtl), is a fundamental step toward understanding the genomic component of phenotypic variation (36)....
Pulmonary vein (pv) stenosis is a relatively uncommon complication of radiofrequency ablation (rfa) therapy for arrhythmias, caused by thermal injury of the vessel wall (1). This condition is usually asymptomatic, and but in severe cases can lead to pulmonary venous infarction, resulting in respiratory symptoms (2). Ho...
Particularly the increase of intraoperative blood transfusions in cardiac surgery can makes chances to meet the problems like postoperative renal failure, arrhythmia, and death [2 - 5]. In addition, lack of blood and the spread of religious and social hostility towards blood transfusions are leading to demands to minim...
Clear cell ependymoma is a recently recognized rare variant of ependymoma that is largely composed of round clear tumor cells with few, if any, characteristic patterns of ependymomas such as true ependymal rosettes, or perivascular pseudorosettes, which may be misdiagnosed as oligodendroglioma, central neurocytoma or m...
As in most technical and medical fields, impressive developments have occurred in recent years in the technological aspects of digital photography and the possibilities of digital documentation . Digital medical photography allows a professional view of novel clinical cases in cranio - maxillofacial surgery . Visualiza...
We present a case of neonatal ipa that on the basis of location, symptoms, and ultrasonographic (us) findings, was initially believed to be an inguinal hernia, which is a more common disease in newborns . However, because of an elevated white blood cell count (wbc) and c - reactive protein (crp), abdominal computed tom...
Epstein barr virus (ebv) infection has a worldwide distribution and a high prevalence among adult population, with more than 90% seropositivity . Acute infection with ebv during childhood is common but mainly asymptomatic, whereas it presents as typical infectious mononucleosis with clinical signs such as fever, pharyn...
There has been a significant increase over the past few decades in the prevalence of maternal overweight (body mass index, bmi 25 kg / m) and obesity (bmi 30 kg / m). In the united states, data from the pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system in nine states indicated that pre - pregnancy obesity increased from 13% ...
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) is the most prevalent of all conditions in aging men with a population prevalence in the 40 to 79-year age group ranging from 14% to 56% in different countries . Bph can be a progressive disease and may progress to acute urinary retention (aur) and bph - related surgery . Men with bph...