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A 33-year - old woman was admitted to our hospital (ali ebne abitaleb hospital, zahedan, iran) due to prolonged fever, neck masses and the swelling of her left lower limb . She complained that fever had been prolonged for 3 months, being persistent during the whole 24 hour, without special pattern during days or nights... |
Although all nucleated cells contain the same genetic information, multicellular organisms have evolved elaborate mechanisms that enable differential and cell - type specific gene expression . Epigenetics refers to the heritable changes that control how the genome is accessed in different cell types during embryonic de... |
In 2012, an 18-year - old woman with no major medical history sought care at an outpatient infectious diseases clinic in tbilisi with a 2-week history of weakness, malaise, fever> 38c for the previous 10 days, enlarging right neck mass, and occasional night sweats . She denied recent travel outside the city, contacts w... |
Our prototype project was described in a paper published in june, sex differences and organizational effects of androgen in spinal cord motor nuclei (grisham et al ., 2003), along with a collection of digital photomicrographs of snb spinal cord motor neurons (see figure 2). This collection of digital images came from a... |
Although in recent years we have witnessed a new beginning of interest in homeopathy, the reliability of its main principles, the simile and the dilution of medicines, is yet to be demonstrated on experimentally, and few studies have been conducted to understand its underlying mechanism(s) [1 - 3]. These few efforts ha... |
Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium commonly isolated from humans, is an important causative agent for skin and soft tissue infections, pneumonia, septic arthritis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and sepsis . Methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains resistant to -lactam antimicrobial agents have caused... |
Clinically there is development of microalbuminuria with progression to overt proteinuria, increased in blood pressure and reduced renal function (1). Excessive deposition of extracellular matrix protein in the glomeruli and subsequent mesangial expansion are the main structural alterations in diabetic nephropathy (2).... |
Basal cell carcinoma (bcc) is the most common cancer in the white population, and its incidence is still increasing [1, 2]. This is a slow - growing, locally invasive epidermal skin tumour that can cause considerable patient morbidity [3, 4]. Bcc most often arises on sun exposed, cosmetic sensitive skin areas such as t... |
Lead is one of the most toxic elements which may cause acute, subacute or chronic poisoning through environmental and occupational exposure . Common sources of lead poisoning are found in car battery industry, manufacturing of ceramic, plumbing, primary and secondary smelting, and exposure to lead - bearing paint or co... |
The marfan syndrome is a dominantly inherited disorder of connective tissue characterized by musculoskeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular abnormalities . The incidence of marfan syndrome is estimated to be 1 in 10,000 in most racial and ethnic groups . Abnormal musculoskeletal findings include arachnodactyly, tall statu... |
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in men, affecting 1 in 7 men in north america [1, 2]. Androgen deprivation therapy (adt) with gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) agonists has been a mainstay of therapy for locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer since the 1990s and is also increasingly use... |
Posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is a prevalent anxiety disorder triggered by the traumatic experiences which produce strong negative feelings, such as horror, intense fear, and helplessness . The hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal (hpa) axis plays a pivotal role in stress induced neural plasticity, so that dysregu... |
Chordomas are rare, slow - growing tumours that originate from ectopic notochordal remnants, found along the axial skeleton . (1) chordomas originate in the sacral (29.2%), cranial (32%) and spinal (32.8%) regions . (2) clival chordomas represent approximately half of cranial chordomas and they are more likely to occur... |
Endometrial cancer is the most common type of gynecological cancer in the united states with approximately 40 100 cases diagnosed and about 7470 deaths from the disease each year . Therefore, there is great interest in identifying novel ways to treat and prevent this disease . An increased incidence of endometrial canc... |
High - risk groups like special health care needs (shcn) population suffers from a disproportionate share of untreated diseases . These diseases, in turn, have a significant impact on their health adding to the despair and burdening their already ailing health . Shcn children and adolescents are recognized as being in ... |
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (alhe) is a benign disease and the scalp might be involved as well . Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (alhe) or epitheloid hemangioma is an uncommon vascular disorder . Inflammatory processes such as allergic reactions, trauma or autoimmune disorders are identified... |
Depression is responsible for an estimated economic cost of more than $40 billion annually and has a large impact on quality of life and productivity . It has been ranked as the leading cause of disability and premature death among people aged 18 - 44 years worldwide and is expected to be the second leading cause of di... |
The disease comprises classical triad of adie's tonic pupil, decreased or diminished tendon reflexes, and sweating disorders especially anhidrosis . However, basic objective sign is hyperhidrosis, which is often revealed by a segmental compensatory . Although other autonomic disturbances occur in addition to this, they... |
Stuttering is a disorder defined by frequent prolongations, repetitions, or blocks of spoken sounds and/or syllables, as well as anxiety and cognitive avoidance . Coexisting symptoms may include facial grimacing and tremors of the muscles involved in speech.1 stuttering affects approximately 5% of children and 1% of th... |
293 t and madin darby canine kidney cells (mdck) cells were obtained from the american type culture collection (atcc). Cells were grown in dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (invitrogen), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (hyclone) and penicillin - streptomycin (invitrogen). All synthetic influenza viruses used ... |
A wide range of conditions can cause alopecia that includes medical disorders, nutritional deficiencies, physical agents, infections, drugs, etc ., drugs are one of the important causes of alopecia and among them anti - mitotic agents are routinely known to be associated with this . Other drugs in rare circumstances ca... |
With recent advances in molecular genetic analysis, an increasing number of different nucleotide substitutions in mitochondrial dna (mtdna) have been identified in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy . Point mutations in mitochondrial trna genes, in particular, are commonly associated with mitochondrial disea... |
Multiple sclerosis (ms) is an inflammatory, neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (cns). The disease process itself results in the demyelination and transection of axons in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves . This axonal damage delays or blocks the propagation of electrical potentials along neu... |
In 1948 thophile alajouanine, an eminent neurologist of the last century, published a very relevant article about aphasia and artistic creation, a landmark publication on this topic, concerned in part with ravel s final illness . Researchers have been studying the ravel case since 1948 . A complete diagnosis of ravel s... |
Prevalence of the periodontal disease varies in different regions of the world, and a higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in asian countries is reported . Periodontal diseases are chronic infectious diseases that results in the inflammation of specialized tissues that surround and support the teeth . ... |
Hydroxychloroquine can induce adverse effects on the central nervous system, from irritability, nervousness, and emotional changes to true psychoses.doses greater than 6 mg / kg / day, pharmacokinetic interactions, a personal or family psychiatric history and the disease per se for which hcq is used can represent impor... |
Isolated abducens nerve palsies caused by vertebra artery (va) aneurysm have been rarely reported1 - 3,7). Nerve compression due to aneurysm, cisternal hematoma, vascular insufficiency, increased intracranial pressure (icp) have been suggested as potential mechanisms for isolated abducens nerve paralysis following rupt... |
The incidence of cardiovascular disease among women is low before menopause but increases after the onset of menopause [mendelsohn and karas, 1999]. This etiology is believed to result in part from the loss of endogenous estrogen, and indicates that estrogen and its receptors may play important roles in the prevention ... |
An electroencephalogram (eeg) evaluates electrical activity produced by the brain, which can signify or rule out certain conditions, most commonly seizure disorders . Electroencephalography is the neurophysiological measurement of electrical activity in the brain as recorded by electrodes placed on the scalp or, in spe... |
Fifty - four swiss webster mice aged 1 to 24 weeks (both sexes) were purchased from charles river laboratories (wilmington, ma, usa) and housed at the neuroscience center of excellence, louisiana state university health (lsuh; new orleans, la, usa). The animals were handled in compliance with the guidelines of the arvo... |
The data shows that the production of soluble recombinant proteins in the bacterium escherichia coli can be improved by varying the fusion protein, time, temperature, and concentration of inducer during protein expression.the data indicates that recombinant proteins, exemplified here with the red fluorescent protein (r... |
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common reason for morbidity and mortality in western countries . Treatment of valve diseases is, beside coronary bypass surgery, the most common therapy in cardiac surgery . Worldwide approximately 300,000 heart valve operations are performed and since the introduction of catheter -... |
During speciation in crop plants, many morphological changes evolved in response to continuous selection pressure . Such characters are largely governed by genetic and epigenetic changes or are modulated according to ecological adaptations . The transition of wild progenitor species into modern elite cultivars through ... |
The process can be divided into four stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation (the formation of granulation, contraction, and reepithelialization), and remodeling . In hemostasis, as the blood components enter the site of injury, the platelets release essential growth factors and cytokines such as platelet - der... |
An animal trading company in shizuoka, japan, imported 106 southern flying squirrels from miami, florida, on march 27, 2005 . Three workers handled these animals, which were housed 10 animals to a cage . Before patient 1 became ill, the workers dressed casually and touched the animals with bare hands in their routine w... |
Non - extraction treatment of a crowded dental arch requires an increase in arch perimeter to allow achievement of arch alignment and leveling.1 without distal movement of arches, an increase in arch perimeter typically involves both transverse expansion and proclination.2 however, these arch dimensional changes may ad... |
Sometimes a few minutes delay in treatment may have serious consequence for patient, thus to save the lives of patients immediate and urgent measures will be required (1). Acute pesticide poisoning is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in iran and worldwide (2). The general patterns of poisoning show a lot o... |
The worldwide depletion of conventional oil and gas reserves inspired growing attention to alternative energy sources . However, the current gap between nonrenewable (81.6%) and renewable (13.4%) energy sources in the global total primary energy supply remains too wide to be closed in the coming decennia, as stated by ... |
Pulmonary veno - occlusive disease (pvod) is a rare and devastating cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension with a non - specific clinical presentation and a relatively specific presentation in high - resolution thoracic ct scan images . Definitive diagnosis is made by histological examination in previous . According ... |
Burnout syndrome was defined for the first time by herbert freudenberger as a condition of fatigue or frustration produced by dedication to a cause expected to give positive results that conflicts with a reality that does not correspond to the professional's expectations . According to moreno - jimnez et al ., based on... |
Multiple techniques have been explored for temporary abdominal closure, including mesh closure, intravenous fluid bags or other materials to bridge the gap in the abdomen, and vacuum packing using suction applied under an occlusive dressing to control abdominal fluid drainage . These are very easy techniques to close t... |
Osteoarthritis (oa) of the knee is a major cause of disability that affects 12% of adults aged 60 years.1 knee oa is responsible for progressive joint pain and dysfunction due to articular cartilage and subchondral bone damage, synovitis, and osteophyte formation.2 conservative measures such as analgesics, aerobic trai... |
A 30-month - old boy initially presented with hip joint pain and fever, which failed to improve despite treatment that was given under the impression of a septic hip at a local hospital . One month later, he was admitted to another hospital due to progressed multifocal bone pain . The imaging work up, including bone sc... |
A satisfactory smile can be achieved by using several techniques and esthetic materials such as resin and porcelain . Restorations such as laminate, veneers or full coverage restorations tend to sacrifice healthy tooth structure and challenge the clinicians to match the adjacent unrestored teeth . There will be difficu... |
National institutes of health / national institute of allergy and infectious diseases [r01 ai091820]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. |
It is now widely acknowledged that alzheimer's disease (ad) develops progressively before reaching the dementia stage . Predicting ad dementia years before its occurrence is, therefore, theoretically possible but remains a challenge in clinical practice . The concepts of mild cognitive impairment (mci) and amnestic mci... |
Pulmonary thromboembolism (pte) during or after regional anesthesia, although very rare, has been reported in cases undergoing lower limb orthopedic procedures . Patients with fractures of the hip, pelvis, or femur are at high risk of developing deep vein thrombosis and pte . Chronic smokers are known to be at risk of ... |
The hemangioma is vasoformative tumour, characterized by an excess of blood vessels especially veins and capillaries in a focal area of submucosal connective tissue . There are various subtypes of hemangioma like capillary hemangioma, lobular hemangioma, cellular hemangioma and epithelioid hemangioma (eh). Eh is an unc... |
Although the current composites exhibit excellent physical resistance and esthetic properties, there are still several problems related to shrinkage during polymerization and bacterial invasion . Siloranes are popular restorative materials that have been synthesized to overcome the problems related to the polymerizatio... |
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (psc) is a chronic liver disease characterized by cholestasis, biliary inflammation and duct stricture that will lead to cirrhosis in approximately half of subjects (1 - 5). There are no curative medical treatments for psc, and the only definitive treatment for advanced disease is liver t... |
Within the efforts of the electronics industry to develop a more environmentally friendly and less toxic technology, e.g. The switch to lead - free solders, the ternary cu - ni - sn system assumed a key role, due to the focus on mostly cu and sn - bearing solders and ni as a surface coating on the metallization . In re... |
Methamphetamine (n - methyl-1-phenyl - propan-2-amine), propranolol (rs)-1-(isopropylamino)-3-(1-naphthyloxy)propan-2-ol) and pyrrolidine (tetrahydropyrrole) were purchased from sigma - aldrich (uk). Ultra - purified (deionised) water was prepared in - house using a milli - q water system (millipore, uk). Methamphetami... |
Crouzon syndrome (cs) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by premature closure of one or more cranial sutures and produces the characteristic craniofacial and other associated abnormalities . It is one of the craniosynostosis syndrome that is caused by a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene (fg... |
For smooth rhythmical alternating shifts, the muscle strength of the lower extremities is essential, and the improvement of the strength of these muscles is very effective at improving balance, speed, and distance during walking1 . In particular, among the muscles of the lower extremities, the hip abductor plays an imp... |
Stavudine (2-3-didehydro-2-3-dideoxythymidine or d4 t) received marketing authorization for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in 1994 at a dose of 40 mg twice daily . After 7 years of clinical usage, the dose was reduced to 30 mg twice daily, following evidence from a systematic review of ma... |
The association between the several non - skeletal diseases and vitamin d deficiency has been recently reported (1, 2). Some risk factors of vitamin d deficiency and type 2 diabetes are similar (e.g. Ethnicity, obesity, age and low physical activity level). A low level of vitamin d status has been reported in diabetic ... |
Chiari malformations (cms) constitute a group of different clinicopathological entities with varying etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features . Professor hans chiari (18511916) developed a four - tier scheme for classifying these entities [1, 2]. His initial description was based on the findings of more than 40... |
Cancer is, by definition, the uncontrolled growth of autonomous cells that eventually destroys adjacent tissues and generates architectural disorder, and also shows how a cell population undergoing density - dependent growth can lead to a chaotic dynamic biological system . However, this traditional concept cannot be t... |
The development of a safe and effective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) vaccine is an urgent global health priority . An hiv-1 vaccine should be simple to administer, be long acting, and provide protection against mucosal hiv-1 exposure . Replication - incompetent adenovirus serotype 26 (ad26) has shown pro... |
Nadph - oxidase- (nox-) derived reactive oxygen species (ros) play a central role in the destruction of pathogenic organisms by phagocytes . The phagocyte nox complex is composed of flavocytochrome b558, an integral membrane heterodimer composed of gp91 (a.k.a . Nox2) and p22, four cytoplasmic protein subunits, p47, p6... |
Meningioma, the second most common benign tumor of the central nervous system, accounts for 13% to 26% of all intracranial neoplasms . About 20% of intracranial meningioma has extracranial disseminations to the orbit, middle ear cavity, nasal cavity, nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses, et al . Primary extracranial menin... |
The aim of this class iv evidence study was to evaluate the effect and safety of a monthly injection of tcz (8 mg / kg) with their current therapy in patients with nmo . We evaluated the adverse events based on common terminology criteria for adverse events, version 4.0 . The study is registered with university hospita... |
Wegener s granulomatosis (wg) is a rare chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the triad of small vessel necrotizing vasculitis, geographic necrosis and granulomatous inflammation.1 although it can involve any organ system (eyes, heart, skin, joints, nervous system), wg mainly affects the upper and lower respirato... |
It has been known that obesity may cause diabetes, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular diseases, sleep apnea, breast and uterine cancers and other reproductive disorders in women (1 - 4). Body mass index (bmi) has been widely used to assess the degree of obesity and overweight objectively and used as an indicator in many st... |
Concussion is a form of mild traumatic brain injury (mtbi) that can be sustained through sufficient acceleration and deceleration of the head . A 2006 study found that between 1.6 and 3.8 million mtbi occur annually in the united states, although this is likely a conservative estimate as a significant number of concuss... |
While sentinel node biopsy is becoming the standard of care in developed countries and survival rates improve, emerging data from studies have questioned the use of axillary lymph node dissection (alnd) in breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph node (sln). The general reasoning behind axillary dissection i... |
Myelodysplastic syndromes (mds) are clonal disorders of stem cells, characterized by heterogeneous clinical presentation . Hematopoiesis in myelodysplastic syndrome is ineffective, characterized by abnormal differentiation, maturation, and survival of hematopoietic cells [14]. Characteristic features of myelodysplastic... |
Prior studies have observed both increases and decreases in plasma and fecal short - chain fatty acid (scfa) concentrations associated with overfeeding, obesity and the metabolic syndrome . However, whether and how alterations in scfa play a causal role in the development of obesity is unknown . Because plasma scfa con... |
The arterial switch operation (aso) has become the procedure of choice for correction of transposition of great arteries (tga). Compared with the mustard and senning repairs, correction at the arterial level restores the left ventricle as the systemic ventricle and offers improved outcome . Coronary artery transfer was... |
Liquid - based cytology (lbc) is a system of smear preparatory technique started in 1996 . Lbc is at present the standard protocol for smear preparation in cervical cytology; however, by and large it is not a preferred method in nongynecological fine - needle aspirates . Reports in the literature are available, which s... |
The modern transformation of radiology into an essential guiding hand of medical practice began with the invention of computed tomography imaging in the early 1970s and continues today with novel applications based on molecular methods and nanotechnology . The topical agenda of the 7th biannual symposium of the interna... |
An efficient health - care delivery system is a pre - requisite to achieve better health for all in the 21 century . Appropriate treatment of commonly occurring diseases and injuries and provision of essential drugs are the two vital components of primary health - care concept as per the alma - ata declaration of 1978 ... |
Chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) is a significant health problem and recent data have illustrated that crs affects about 515% of the population in europe and the usa . Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (crswnp) is considered a subgroup of chronic rhinosinusitis (crs), a chronic inflammatory condition of the nasal an... |
Brucellosis, a primarily contagious disease of domestic animals, is caused by small, fastidious gram - negative coccobacilli of the genus brucella . There are four important species pathogenic to humans: b. melitensis, found primarily in goats, sheep and camels; b. abortus in cows; b. suis in pigs; and b. canis in dogs... |
Carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract are rare, frequently indolent and have a high survival rate without metastasis . An extremely rare site of gi carcinoid tumor is the extrahepatic biliary tree, harboring 0.10.2% of all gi tumors . In the extrahepatic biliary tree, cystic duct carcinoids represent 11% ... |
In rna, just as in proteins, the 3d structure determines the functionality of the molecule . In recent years, the protein data bank (pdb; http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/) (1) has seen a significant increase in the availability of rna crystallographic structures . There were only 2 structures containing only rna chains in 1981... |
This article describes 2 patients with neuromuscular disorders on immunotherapy with long - term mmf who developed te . A 77-year - old man with well - controlled myasthenia gravis (positive acetylcholine receptor binding and modulating antibodies) on pyridostigmine, prednisone 20 mg qod, and mmf 1,500 mg / day for 3 y... |
Tuberculosis (tb) is the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide . Susceptibility to tb can be increased by several comorbidities, one of which is type 2 diabetes mellitus (dm). Dm patients present with an overall threefold increased risk of developing active tb . Globally, 15% of tb cases ar... |
In the previous issue of critical care, vermeulen windsant and colleagues demonstrate that transfusion of packed red cells is associated with a transient increase in plasma free haemoglobin and scavenging of nitric oxide (no) in vitro . They also demonstrate that older units of blood have more free haemoglobin in their... |
Almost 60 000 autologous and allogeneic stem cell and hematopoietic progenitor cell transplant (hsc / hpct) procedures are performed annually to rebuild normal bone marrow (bm) in patients who had received a regimen of chemotherapy, radiation, or a combination of both to treat disease hematologic, metabolic, or autoimm... |
There are several factors that affect the strength of endodontically treated tooth including loss of tooth structure because of caries or trauma, dehydration of dentin, access cavity preparation, instrumentation and irrigation of the root canal, excess pressure during root obturation, and preparation of intraradicular ... |
This is well illustrated by the fact that nonhuman and human primates have brain areas such as the superior temporal sulcus and the fusiform area that respond preferentially to social stimuli such as faces and body gestures . Indeed, when assessing the emotional state of a fellow human, we rely heavily on visual cues o... |
Hypercalciuria is an increasingly recognized cause of inherited metabolic tubular disorders in children and is also one of the commonest causes of hematuria.1 hypercalciuria in children can lead to tubulointerstitial damage resulting in chronic kidney disease . We studied the clinical profile and benefit of therapy for... |
Ventilator - associated pneumonia (vap) is defined as nosocomial pneumonia developing 48 h or more after initiation of mechanical ventilation . It accounts for 20% of all nosocomial infections among patients in pediatric intensive care units (picu) and has a rate of 2.921.6/1,000 ventilator days [13]. Independent risk ... |
Contrast - induced nephropathy (cin) has been commonly defined as a sudden, rapid deterioration in renal status after the administration of iodinated contrast medium (cm) in the absence of any other causes.1)2) it had been reported that cin is associated not only with an increased in - hospital morbidity and mortality ... |
Lack of hand hygiene such as omitting hand washing after defeacation, changing baby nappies, and before handling food, could increase human contact with faecal matter . The international scientific forum on home hygiene has reported that hands could probably be the single most important route of transmission of large n... |
A 67-year - old man underwent hartmann's procedure for rectal cancer in april 2005 . At that time, the pathologic staging of the rectal cancer was proper muscle invasion without lymph node metastasis (t2 n0 m0). Following surgery, periodic surveillance was performed with the use of contrast - enhanced ct and pet / ct i... |
Immunohistochemical staining for thsd7a was performed on all kidney biopsies, in which pla2r was ordered in routine clinical care between december 2014 and april 2015 . This included all native kidney biopsies that showed membranous glomerulopathy seen in our practice during this time period with the exception of membr... |
Various surgical techniques have been used but phacoemulsification with the implantation of an intraocular lens (iol) is currently the treatment of choice . Iol implantation improves the optics of the aphakic eye and reduces the formation of posterior capsular opacity (pco) after surgery . However, iol decenteration or... |
Hepatitis viruses are one of most important concerns in the patients on hemodialysis (hd) who are at high risk for blood - borne infections due to prolonged vascular access and the potential for exposure to infected patients and contaminated equipment (1, 2). Screening and isolation for finding of patients with hbv and... |
Trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellated protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, which is the commonest treatable sexually transmitted infection in industrialized countries . In women, trichomoniasis has a range of presentations, from asymptomatic infection to an acute inflammatory disease with a copi... |
The rising prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, presents a major international public health challenge for the 21st century . Public health prevention efforts to combat these diseases have largely focused on identifying and reducing individual - level risk factor... |
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes among african american women is double that of white women and nearly 40% greater than that of african american men (1). Obesity is the strongest modifiable risk factor for diabetes (2) and has its highest prevalence among african american women (3), who are also less likely to exercis... |
Repetitive dna accounts for more than 50% of human genome and is one of the primary driving forces of evolution of all eukaryotes . While mostly harmless, stretches of highly similar sequences flanking genes with essential functions create hotspots prone to undergo unequal recombination during meiosis . The resulting p... |
The etiology of retinal and choroidal lesions can often be clinically determined with the aid of ancillary tests such as ultrasound and fluorescein angiography . However, there are instances where either an infective or malignant lesion is in question, and a retinal biopsy is warranted to provide a definitive diagnosis... |
The importance of lactate to monitor the metabolic stress response has been recognized long time ago in patients with circulatory failure . In general, blood lactate has been considered as a marker of tissue hypoxia, while recent investigations also suggest that elevated levels of catecholamines play an important role ... |
The hemolytic - uremic syndrome (hus) is defined by the association of hemolytic anemia (low haptoglobin levels, high lactate deshydrogenase levels, and schistocytes), thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure . It is a common cause of acute renal failure in patients younger than three years who require acute dialysis ... |
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease, having as ultimate outcome the atheromatous plaque, a focal lesion located within the intima of large and medium sized arteries [1, 2]. Subendothelial retention of low density lipoprotein (ldl) and its oxidative modification represent the initial event in athe... |
In general, scientists submit an article covering their latest results and findings to a specific journal of interest (figure 1, first stage, bottom part). In most cases, a preliminary editorial decision is made whether the manuscript is of interest and of sufficient quality, after which the manuscript is either reject... |
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