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Cd3, pt, and c mice have been described 61213 and were bred in the specific pathogen the following mabs were used: cd25 (pc-61) conjugated to fitc, cd44 (pgp-1)pe, cd25-pe, cd4 (l3t4)-cychrome, cd8 (ly-2)cychrome (pharmingen), and anti - pan tcr- (h57 - 597). Biotinylated mabs were revealed with either streptavidin - p... |
Hearing loss is one of the most genetically heterogeneous disorders, present in one of every 500 newborns . During the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the identification of causative genes that cause hereditary nonsyndromic hearing loss (nshl). Up to now, approximately 30 dominant (dfna), 55 rece... |
Base excision repair (ber) is one of the most important dna repair pathways, which ameliorates environmentally induced dna damage, including that which arises spontaneously as a result of alkylation, oxidation, and deamination events during normal metabolic processes . Ber is also responsible for repairing small, non -... |
Test strains and ctxb genotyping: a total of 15 toxigenic v. cholerae o1 strains of different isolation origin and belonging to the el tor biotype, as shown in table 1table 1.the relevant characteristics of v. cholerae strains used in this studystrain idserogroup / biotypeantimicrobialresistance profileorigin, isolatio... |
Gallstone ileus is a rare mechanical bowel obstruction caused by the transition of a gallstone in the gastrointestinal tract through a biliary - enteric fistula, or following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp), which occurs in 1 to 3% of all cases of mechanical ileus.1 gallstones can cause bowel obst... |
With the increasing public health challenge of dementia and cognitive impairment throughout the world, the identification of a modifiable risk factor would be critical in the prevention of dementia.1 previous studies have indicated that hyperlipidemia may be a risk factor for dementia and alzheimer s disease (ad).24 ho... |
Flublok, a trivalent recombinant hemagglutinin (rha) vaccine, is under development by protein sciences corporation . The mechanism of action of flublok is the same as that of the licensed egggrown trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (tiv), thereby simplifying the regulatory pathway for product approval . Flublok i... |
Rem sleep behaviour disorder (rbd), first described by schenck and colleagues in 1986,1 is characterised by the loss of normal muscle atonia during rem sleep . Patients often experience violent dream - enacting behaviours leading to disturbed sleep and potential injuries to themselves and their bed partner . While poly... |
Mets, a complicated clinicopathological entity with clustering of cvd and metabolic risk factors, includes central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance . It has been pervasively recognized that individuals with mets are associated with the increased risks of type 2 diabetes and cvd [13]. Abdomin... |
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) is a major cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (luts) in the aging male . It affects about 210 million males globally.1 although bph has been considered to be the most significant risk factor for luts, several studies have reported that prostate size does not correlate with the seve... |
With the advent of laparoscopy, repair of ventral hernias has undergone a revolution . With continuous improvement in technology and instrumentation, on the other hand, laparoscopic repair of large ventral hernias can be technically challenging . Various factors influence the complexity of the procedure, an important o... |
It is also called as mixed tumor of skin because of the presence of both the epithelial and mesenchymal components . There are very few case reports of chondroid syringoma diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology (fnac). This case is reported because of unusual site of occurrence, large size, and showing varied his... |
Perioperative morbidity is particularly frequent with colectomy and results in additional financial burden for the patients as well as the health care systems . Colectomy is also associated with significant physiological stress as a result of the surgical procedure itself, which may impact the risk of complications . T... |
Consensus definitions of cachexia (international classification of disease, 9th revision, clinical modification (icd-9-cm) code 799.4) and debility (icd-9-cm code 799.3) have been slow to emerge . In fact, these conditions are classified in the icd-9-cm as ill - defined conditions . It is commonly a sequela from comple... |
Left ventricular (lv) heart failure (hf) is a prevalent cardiac syndrome, characterized by altered lv size and shape, elevated filling pressure, increased biomarkers, specific risk factors, plus a wide variety of symptoms and signs.1 in hf often a distinction is made between patients on the basis of their ejection frac... |
Bisphosphonates are analogues of inorganic pyrophosphates, which are commonly used in the treatment of osteoporosis, metastatic osteolytic bone disease and primary resorptive malignancies of bone like multiple myeloma . The indications of bisphosphonate therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer are to reduce th... |
Study area - central - west brazil covers an area of 1,606,371 km and consists of the following four federal units: mt, ms, go and df . The region is divided into 467 municipalities, most of which are in go [brazilian institute of geography and statistics (ibge.gov.br/cidades)], which has a population of 14,993,194, fo... |
Cardiovascular disease (cvd) is one of the main causes of death across most countries . Providing prompt emergency care within the golden hour therefore, real - time monitoring of cardiac health in daily life is useful for patients with cardiovascular disease . Currently, outpatient service is still the major healthcar... |
There are several well - known and established medicinal plant heritages worldwide including the kampo, tcm, tim and ayurveda . There has been increased global interest in traditional medicine and there are efforts underway to monitor and regulate herbal drugs and traditional medicine . China has been successful in pro... |
Coccidiosis, a major poultry enteric disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus eimeria, results in significant economic losses to the poultry industry . Currently, although chemoprophylaxis is the predominant method used to control coccidiosis, alternate options are needed due to the emergence of drug resistan... |
This figure is expected to grow by 20% over the next decade as the aging population increases and lives longer . Neurodegenerative diseases are the fourth leading cause of death in the developed world after heart diseases, cancer, and stroke . There are millions of sufferers worldwide, and the start of the disease can ... |
Bread is universally accepted as a very convenient form of food that is important to all populations . Its origin dates back to the neolithic era and is still one of the most consumed and acceptable staple food products in all parts of the world . It is a good source of nutrients, such as macronutrients (carbohydrates,... |
The method chosen for fragmenting stones affects the treatment results concerning lithiasis . Following the utilization of electrohydraulic, ultrasound, and pneumatic lithotripsy, the limitations concerning its application were connected with the very high cost of the laser, as was the case with the alexandrite laser i... |
Artificial and natural teeth, metallic dental implants, as well as restorative materials within the mouth interact continually with physiological fluids . They function in one of the most inhospitable environments in the human body . During 24 hours, restorations and teeth are exposed to a variety of eatables, from tea... |
Control study to determine whether mis serum concentrations from blood samples that were collected before diagnosis are associated with breast cancer risk . The association did not vary with age at blood collection but was stronger among women who were diagnosed with breast cancer at an older age . The association of i... |
Percutaneous coronary intervention (pci) has been widely used to treat obstructive coronary artery disease, including unstable angina, recurrent angina after coronary artery bypass grafting (cabg), and acute myocardial infarction (mi), contributing to the reduction of clinical symptoms and mortality rate.13 a total of ... |
Aortic stenosis (as) is the most frequently acquired native valvular disease afflicting the elderly population in western countries . The prevalence of degenerative as among the elderly in korea is also increasing as the korean population is growing older . Symptomatic severe as is a lethal disease with a 2-year mortal... |
Carbamazepine (cbz), a commonly prescribed medication in psychiatry and neurology, produces side effects with an incidence ranging from 33%50% . Cbz - induced hyponatremia is a well - described side effect, and numerous studies have shown that age, hyponatremia dosage / level, and polypharmacy are predisposing risk fac... |
Epidemiological studies have brought into being that intake of antioxidants such as vitamin c reduces the risk of coronary heart diseases and cancer . It is possible to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and to prevent disease progression by either enhancing the body's natural antioxidant defense or by supplementing w... |
Prematurity continues to be the major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality across the world accounting for an enormous 70% of neonatal deaths in nonanomalous babies . Despite decades of research, we are no closer to finding answers in terms of prediction and hence prevention of preterm labour . This is in sharp co... |
Tuberculosis (tb) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection are major health problems in women, particularly during their reproductive years (1549). In a recent analysis, we observed that hiv-1-infected women with latent tb infection (ltbi) as detected by a positive interferon - gamma (ifn-) release ass... |
Body composition is not only influenced by genetic and environmental factors, but also by physical activity and nutritional factors . Mechanical stress related to physical activity is sensed by osteocytes and stimulates accrual of bone mineral content . Both muscle and fat tissues contribute to this mechanism, by apply... |
Glomus tumors are benign hamartomas arising from the glomus body, mostly occurring in the subungual region of the digits . A triad of excruciating pain, localized tenderness and cold sensitivity is the key to diagnosing these tumors . Two surgical approaches are described in the literature for excision of subungual glo... |
Temperatures are rising as greenhouse gas concentrations increase . It has been suggested that the distribution of summer temperatures in the northern hemisphere shifted to the right (i.e., increased) in 2001 - 2011, as compared with the normal distribution found in 1951 - 1980 (1). Temperature impacts human health, fo... |
Mechanical ventilation is used for some infants in neonatal intensive care units (nicu) due to many physiological and clinical causes . Since these patients have endotracheal tubes, cleaning and keeping the airways open through suctioning should be done to increase oxygenation . This study aimed to evaluate effect of o... |
Optical rotations were recorded on a jasco p-2000 polarimeter, and uv spectra were measured on a shimadzu uv-1201 spectrophotometer . Ecd analysis was performed on a jasco j-810 spectropolarimeter with a 0.1 cm cell in meoh at room temperature under the following conditions: speed 50 nm / min, time constant 1 s, bandwi... |
Multiple sclerosis (ms) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the cns, characterized by focal demyelination, loss of axons, and gliosis that result in neurological symptoms . While our understanding of ms immunopathology continues to improve, the underlying etiology of the disorder remains unclear . The overall effi... |
The movement toward primary care as a model of health care service delivery was introduced 30 years ago and has been moving in that direction since then . Public health nurses (phns) due to their public health orientation and guiding philosophy are acutely sensitive to any proposed changes in health policy underpinned ... |
We treat pathogen dissemination as a stochastic (chance - based) sequence of discrete encounters between incident patients (p) who are either infectious or noninfectious, a caregiver (c), and the environment (fomites, such as surfaces or waiting room magazines, [e]), each of which can be contaminated or uncontaminated ... |
Data were derived from the depression and myocardial infarction study (depremi) (18) and the myocardial infarction and depression - intervention trial (mind - it) (19). In these multicenter studies, 528 and 2,176 mi patients, respectively, were screened for depression . Patients were recruited from 14 hospitals (includ... |
Stroke is the third most common cause of death and the most common cause of disability in developed countries . Due to the aging population, it has been reported by the world health organization (who) that about 15 million people suffer from ischemic stroke (is) every year, of which 5 million were dead and 5 million be... |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (mrs), a powerful noninvasive technique, is being increasingly applied to delineate biochemical changes of the liver [15]. It can identify metabolite profiles in vivo, providing quantitative or semiquantitative measures of some metabolites . It is a key tool especially for lesion charact... |
Participants from several studies conducted in east asians were used for the analyses presented here . These included 2,282 chinese living in singapore from the singapore prospective study program (sp2) (13), 3,290 japanese from the nomura study (14) and the ehime university hospital antiaging center (aac) study (15), ... |
Clearance of apoptotic cells (ac) by macrophages, also called efferocytosis, plays a central role in tissue homeostasis, and the impaired clearance of altered cells has been associated with the development of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases . M1 or classically activated macrophages are induced by the recog... |
Diabetes is a major public health problem associated with a huge economic burden in developing countries . A population based study reported that the total cost (direct and indirect) of diabetes care in india was 31.9 billion usd . A similar study evaluated the cost of treating long term diabetic complications in india... |
Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for over 7 million deaths annually . Indian asians (people originating from india, pakistan, bangladesh and sri lanka) comprise one quarter of the globe's population and are at high risk of developing chd . Recent estimates from the global burd... |
Malaria parasites are capable of modulating the proportion of blood stage asexual parasites that develop into nonreplicating transmission stages (gametocytes). Unfavorable conditions for asexual replication, and thus future transmission opportunities, stimulate an increase in short - term gametocytogenesis [13]. Many r... |
A 57-year - old man was transferred to emergency department of ajou university hospital for treatment of stanford type a aortic dissection . The patient had chronic kidney disease (serum creatinine, 1.8 mg / dl) and mild cognitive impairment (mini - mental state examination score, 16) due to previous tuberculous mening... |
Pharmacopuncture, a new therapy in traditional medicine, has attracted significant attention since its introduction to the western world . This short review article employs a database analysis to examine the profile of publication activity related to pharmacopuncture . About 300 papers related to the topic " pharmacopu... |
All study children were participants in the ongoing population - based dipp study, which is a survey of the natural course of preclinical type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible individuals born in the cities of turku, oulu, and tampere in finland (13). After parental consent, the newborns carrying hla - dqb1 genoty... |
To survive and thrive in diverse and perpetually changing environments, bacteria employ numerous strategies to sense and adapt to their surroundings . One such system is the second messenger 3,5-cyclic diguanylic acid (c - di - gmp) signaling network . Similar to other cyclic nucleotide second messenger systems such as... |
Guillain - barr syndrome (gbs) is an acute peripheral neuropathy classified into at least four subgroups by electrodiagnostic criteria, pathology, and anti - ganglioside antibody profiles . Gbs has been reported in patients with primary hiv infection, although this is not commonly observed . In hiv - infected patients,... |
Leishmaniasis is endemic in 98 regions and countries in the world with the annual incidence and prevalence of about 2 and 12 million people, respectively (1). As a major global health, it includes a group of diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus leishmania transmitted to mammals through female phlebotomin... |
Tumor angiogenesis is a crucial contributor to tumor development and progression because tumor blood vessels supply oxygen and nutrients to the tumor tissue and facilitate cancer cell invasion and metastasis . Tumor vessels are usually disorganized and excessively branched [24], and formation of the tumor vasculature i... |
Toxoplasmosis, a zoonosis caused by a protozoan, toxoplasma gondii, is probably the most widespread human parasitosis . Asexual phase occur in warm blooded animals, and human acquire the parasite in this phase (1). Most pregnant women with acute acquired infection do not experience obvious symptoms or signs (2). Acute ... |
The cause seems to be thyroxine, cortisol, and growth hormone (gh) deficiency; however, the precise pathophysiology is poorly understood and only a few cases in adults have been described in the literature . Adults with this disorder develop irreversible chronic liver failure, which is why hormonal replacement must beg... |
A eukaryotic cell's progression through g1, s, g2 and m phases of the cell replication division cycle is orchestrated by large - amplitude fluctuations in cyclin - dependent protein kinase (cdk) activities that are generated by a series of coupled positive and negative feedback loops (novak et al, 2007; holt et al, 200... |
Thiophenol (1 mmol) and zni2 (20 mol%) were added to a 15 ml tube equipped with a stirring bar . Then, the tube was flashed with argon and vacuum three times, and 1 ml of toluene and 2 equiv of tbhp (70% in water) were injected through a syringe . After that, the tube was closed and heated to 80 c for 28 h. when the re... |
Color vision deficiency (cvd), also referred to as color blindness, is defined as the inability to distinguish certain shades of color or in more severe cases, see colors at all . Around 5%8% of men and 0.8% of women have certain kinds of cvd . Unlike people with normal color vision, people with cvd report difficulties... |
Intrauterine contraceptive devices (iucd) are widely used reversible contraceptive method and are cost - effective and have low complication rates . Uterine perforation during the insertion is an uncommon complication of iucd and its incidence range from 0 to 1.6/1000 insertion . Once the iucd has penetrated the bladde... |
Cholecystokinin 2 (cck-2) receptor overexpression has been demonstrated in a high percentage of various tumours such as medullary thyroid carcinomas (> 90%) and small - cell lung cancer (89%). Due to this high expression, cck-2 receptors might be suitable targets for radionuclide imaging and/or radionuclide therapy . T... |
Polyglutamine (polyq) repeats are implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, including huntington s disease and several spinocerebellar ataxia s . It is commonly thought that a toxic gain - of - function mechanism is triggered by the presence of a polyq tract, involving a conformational change within the protein... |
Advances in perioperative care and decreased operative morbidity have resulted in the migration of inpatient procedures to the outpatient setting . The management of hypospadias exemplifies this trend; from 1997 to 2000, inpatient encounters for hypospadias decreased by seventy - five percent . Information regarding co... |
To generate microvilli, epithelial cells must overcome physical forces that oppose membrane deformation including membrane bending stiffness (, pnnm), surface tension (tm, pn / m), and membrane cytoskeleton adhesion energy (, pnnm / nm; sheetz, 2001; nambiar et al ., 2010). To this end, cells harness cytoskeletal dynam... |
The success of adhesive bonding of a ceramic restoration depends on a number of factors such as the ceramic system, luting agent, curing light characteristics, and surface treatments . Among those, adequate polymerization of the resin - based luting cement is one of the critical factors for the stability and clinical p... |
Female brca1 and brca2 mutation carriers have a significantly higher lifetime risk of breast and ovarian cancer . Brca1 and brca2 proteins play major roles in dna double - strand - break repair through homologous recombination, so their deficiencies can impair the capacity of cancer cells to repair dna cross - links ca... |
Whereas the vast majority of abdominal aortic aneurysms (aaa) rupture into the retroperitoneum, in up to 3%-5.5% of the patients bleeding in the duodenum, inferior vena cava (ivc), iliac, or left renal vein may occur . Most usually observed in elderly people, spontaneous aortocaval fistula (acf) represents one of the r... |
A good complete denture should provide esthetics, restore function, and be biocompatible with supporting and surrounding oral tissues . A successful denture should have dimensional stability in order to enhance chewing efficiency, increase patients' comfort, and prevent injury to the oral tissue . During processing, di... |
Plant triterpenoids, which include sterols, steroids, and brassinosteroids, constitute a large and structurally diverse group of natural products, with over 100 different carbon skeletons [1, 2]. Sterols and nonsterol triterpenoids are synthesized via the cytoplasmic acetate / mevalonate pathway and share common biosyn... |
A 24-year - old man was admitted to the armed forces capital hospital to investigate a left testicular mass, which had been incidentally detected in a plain radiograph taken for lower back pain (fig . A left orchiectomy was performed, whereupon the testis was found to contain a 1.1-cm, well - demarcated, stony hard mas... |
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) is used to preserve life in acute (de novo or decompensation of chronic) cardiac and/or respiratory failure, when optimal conventional therapy fails . Offering temporary support, veno - arterial ecmo is used in cardiac or cardiorespiratory failure, while veno - venous (vv) ecm... |
The fragile x syndrome (fxs) is the most frequent form of inherited intellectual disability (jacquemont et al . Patients with fxs have physical features, such as large ears, an elongated face, and a high arched palate, which have been reported in 60% of prepubertal fxs boys . Other symptoms include connective tissue an... |
Al - zhoughbi et al1 defined tumor macroenvironment as the pathological interaction between the tumor cells, as well as the tumor microenvironment, with other organs and systems of the body, which emphasizes the influence of tumors on the whole body . A number of studies have been done to understand the role of tumor m... |
A 27-year - old female patient who had developed progressive dyspnea and chest discomfort after spontaneous delivery 2 months ago was diagnosed with severe mitral stenosis (ms) accompanied by mitral regurgitation (mr). She was scheduled for mitral valvuloplasty under minimally invasive thoracic incision using automated... |
First described in 1957, moyamoya disease is an extremely rare cerebrovascular condition that predisposes affected patients to stroke in association with progressive stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid arteries and their proximal branches . Further, reduced blood flow in the major vessels of the circulation o... |
Maxillary molar distalization is a frequently preferred nonextraction treatment option for patients with class ii malocclusion . In recent years, several intraoral appliances have been designed, which are expected to be more patient - friendly and maximize patient cooperation.123 the application site based on the desig... |
Non - alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) is considered as the most common cause of liver disease in the pediatric age group . Overweight is known as the main predictor of nafld among children . In view of the rapidly increasing trend of childhood obesity; it is becoming a health problem for children and adolescents ... |
Although conventional hearing aids can provide ample benefit for patients with mild to severe hearing loss, patients experience several problems including acoustic feedback, occlusion effect, discomfort, infection, and unsatisfactory cosmesis . The vibrant soundbridge (vsb, med - el, innsbruck, austria) is a partially ... |
Autoimmune pancreatitis (aip) is a type of chronic pancreatitis characterized by an autoimmune inflammatory process in which prominent lymphocyte infiltration with associated fibrosis of the pancreas causes organ dysfunction . Although there has been an increase in the number of reports of aip in recent years, the over... |
Nonhealing wound is a hallmark of diabetes and the leading cause of nontraumatic lower extremity amputation . The lifetime risk of a person with diabetes developing a chronic foot ulcer could be as high as 25% . Therefore, developing effective and economical therapies for correcting impaired healing of diabetic wounds ... |
Scanning probe microscopy studies of single adatoms on surfaces have revealed novel physical phenomena . In addition, single - metal adatoms on oxide supports have shown remarkable performance in catalytic reactions . Approaches to produce single - metal adatom arrays include mass - selected soft - landing, wet - chemi... |
L'amlioration de l'accs l'arthroplastie totale de la hanche et du genou est devenue une priorit . Sans mcanismes solides pour en assurer la pertinence, ces procdures pourraient tre surutilises, ce qui engendrerait des cots importants . Dans ce contexte, les dcideurs sont particulirement concerns par la pertinence des p... |
We considered a signal outbreak to be identical to a reported outbreak when 1)> 1 signal was triggered within the same period as the first and last case belonging to the particular reported outbreak, 2) the signal outbreak was associated with the identical geographic location on the municipal level (1 of the 430 munici... |
Since its first full description some 70 years ago, cystic fibrosis has been the focus of considerable clinical and scientific research . We now know cystic fibrosis to be a common genetic disease, in which the mutation underpinning cf results in altered ion transport . While this impacts multiple body systems, most cl... |
Although the feet occupy only 5% of the areas of the human body, they control postures through afferent information obtained through the sense of the soles, provide stability for maintenance of balance, and absorb impacts1 . The deformation into flatfoot is induced when the medial longitudinal arch (mla) has descended ... |
Pathological activation of a cortical region at a rate of about 1/s can be detected in the electroencephalogram (eeg) as periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (pleds), a term introduced by chatrian et al . In 1964 . Pleds consist of periodic sharp waves, slow waves, and/or multiwave complexes that are lateralize... |
Cerebrovascular disease is the third leading cause of death in the united states (1) and the second leading cause in korea (2). Approximately 88% of strokes are ischemic and about 20% of these originate from large artery stenosis (3, 4). To prevent ischemic stroke, carotid endarterectomy has been recommended for asympt... |
The aspergillus genome database (aspgd) is a unique web - based resource focusing on a single genus with a dense representation of sequenced and publicly available whole - genome sequences . Aspgd s mission is to serve the scientific research community by improving the structural and functional annotation associated wi... |
Eligible for the pivus study were all subjects aged 70 years living in the community of uppsala, sweden . A total of 1,016 subjects participated during 20012004, giving a participation rate of 50.1% . The subjects were asked to answer a questionnaire about their medical history, educational level, exercise habits, smok... |
The invasion of pancreatic cancer (pca) cells in intrapancreatic nerves (neural invasion, ni) is observed in 100% of patients with pca . Since cancer cells spread along intra- and peripancreatic nerves into the retroperitoneum, ni is critically limiting r0 resections, leading to frequent local recurrence and negatively... |
The concept of mild cognitive impairment (mci) is classified, in older subjects, as a more deficient state than expected for their age and sociocultural level, but not severe enough to define it as dementia . This state is often characterized as the prodromal phase of several dementia pathologies;1 and so, its early di... |
Fibrosing mediastinitis, also known as sclerosing mediastinitis or mediastinal fibrosis, is a rare late sequela of a thoracic inflammatory process . Most cases arise from prior histoplasmosis infection, and less commonly from tuberculosis (tb). Fibrosing mediastinitis is characterized by the development of dense medias... |
Our analysis was conducted among the 116,671 participants of the nurses health study ii, a longitudinal prospective cohort established in 1989 and described in detail elsewhere (8). Our analysis included women if they reported at least one pregnancy lasting> 6 months between 1991 and 2001 and were free of chronic disea... |
Physical inactivity is recognized as one of the leading risk factor for mortality around the world that leads to an estimated 3.2 million deaths globally (1). The burden of life style related diseases such as diabetes, coronary artery diseases and hypertension has increased and these diseases are associated with physic... |
Regeneration of complex structures such as appendages has long fascinated and perplexed biologists . Historically, understanding regeneration has been approached, often to great effect, through surgical operations, grafting, dissections, and other tools borrowed from embryologists . More recently, additional insights h... |
Cleidocranial dysplasia (ccd, mutational dysostosis, marie - sainton disease, scheuthauer - marie - sainton syndrome, cleidocranial dysostosis and dento - osseous dysplasia) is a rare (1:1,000,000) congenital condition affecting skeletal and dental systems . A wide range of manifestations is reported in ccd cases, rang... |
Synthetic lethal screens have led to the identification of specific cancer cell vulnerabilities (barbie et al ., 2009, possik et al ., 2014, scholl et al ., 2009). One such vulnerability has previously been exploited therapeutically in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all), where leukemic cells lacking asparagine synthase... |
Dystonia is a relatively common clinical condition, identified by its characteristic features: sustained muscle contractions, twisting, and abnormal postures . The term primary dystonia is used to describe dystonia where no cause could be identified (idiopathic), while the term secondary is used to describe dystonia wh... |
In this article, we present a view of health care spending in the u.s . That focuses on the sectors that finance or sponsor health care . This view allows us to examine each of the sponsor's ability to pay for their health care obligations . The basis for these estimates is the national health expenditure accounts, the... |
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