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The relation between orthodontic force application and dental pulp tissue has been the subject of studies in the recent years . However, there is no conclusive evidence on the effect of orthodontic forces on pulpal tissue, and therefore, the issue has been studied for many years in human . Reported that light continuou... |
Pediatric deformity correction has been at the core of the foundation of orthopedics since the publication of lorthopedia by andry in 1741 . Identifying these pathologic deformities and their subsequent management forms an integral part of pediatric orthopedic surgery . Presence of angular deformities around the knee i... |
Dilated cardiomyopathy is an important cause of chronic congestive cardiac failure in infants and children . Although a variety of etiological factors have been listed, most patients with echocardiographically documented dilated cardiomyopathy do not possess a demonstrable cause . Poor myocardial function in dilated ca... |
Twenty - eight eyes of 28 glaucomatous subjects and 25 eyes of 25 normal healthy subjects were enrolled in this prospective study . This study was approved by the institutional review board of the asan medical center, and adhered to the tenets of the declaration of helsinki, with informed consent obtained from the subj... |
The diagnostic archives from the royal brompton and harefield nhs foundation trust and royal marsden hospitals from 2007 onwards were reviewed to identify cases with a diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma that tested positive for an alk rearrangement (> 15% positive cells), and a randomly selected complementary group of ca... |
Chronic myeloid leukemia (cml) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized clinically by three distinct phases, ie, chronic, accelerated, and blastic, and occurs in 1.01.5 per 100,000 people each year in western countries.1 of note, cml is the prototype genetic cancer, presenting with the philadelphia chromosome as ... |
There are many reasons why it is important to be able to assess and compare hospitals in terms of quality and safety both within and between countries, for example to help hospitals improve their services and for governments to understand the impact of their policies . As it becomes more common for patients to seek hea... |
Amelogenesis imperfecta (ai) is a group of hereditary conditions that primarily affect the quality and/or the quantity of dental enamel, with a variable occurrence of approximately 1/700 - 1/14,000 . Currently, mutations in six genes are known to have causal roles in the genetic etiology of ai: amelogenin, enamelin, en... |
Coronary artery disease (cad) is the number one killer in the world . As a case in point, each year 650,000 previously asymptomatic patients present in the united states with an acute coronary event as the initial presentation of cad.1 approximately, one - third of individuals dying annually from sudden cardiac death p... |
The draft genome sequences of the brucella abortus strains lmn1 and lmn2 have been deposited in ddbj / embl / genbank under the accession numbers jphm00000000 and jphl00000000, respectively. |
The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) in women is increasing and, probably due to the changing patterns of tobacco smoking, to date it is almost equal compared to that in men (gold, 2017). Consequently, also the current relative risk of mortality for copd is similar in men and women (aryal et a... |
Septic patients had more severe organ dysfunction, longer intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay, and higher mortality rate than patients without sepsis . There was a significant increase in icu mortality with increasing number of organ dysfunction, and administrative data have been used to perform the study ... |
In the immediate future it is recommended that radiology researchers should maintain individual responsibility for their career path, but this should be actively facilitated by their peer group . A research career should be encouraged to commence during residency and include an increased proportion of wet laboratory wo... |
The first survey, intended to clarify the rift valley fever epidemiologic situation on the island, was undertaken in the mtsangamouji area (northern part of mayotte). It examined samples from 29 illegally introduced goats and 79 cattle born on the island and living near the goats . Among the 29 goats, competitive igg e... |
Aspirin resistance is a documented unfavorable factor for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions or coronary revascularization, while the impact of resistance to heparin is unclear . Heparin resistance is reported in up to 22% of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass [35]. It is usually defined as... |
In this issue of critical care, shorr and colleagues tested the potential value of surrogate markers for the treatment of patients with severe sepsis with activated protein c, also known as drotrecogin alfa (activated; drotaa), using data from the prowess (recombinant human activated protein c worldwide evaluation in s... |
Coronary artery disease (cad) is the most common cause of death in the western world . The treatment of cad depends on the clinical picture, the results of provocative ischemia tests, the coronary lesions (degree, location and anatomy), the left ventricular function, and associated co - morbidities . Coronary artery by... |
Drug resistance is the most relevant clinical problem in the management of solid malignancies . In many cases, after an initial response to treatment, cancer cells develop a resistant phenotype which is ultimately responsible for the fatal progression of the disease . Mechanisms that induce drug resistance are complex ... |
Aquired progressive kinking of the hair (apkh) and whisker hair are relatively rare conditions . To our knowledge, this blond, 23-year - old man referred that the hair around his ears and occipital area had turned darker, shorter, and curlier during the last 3 years . He also mentioned that the hair in that area was mo... |
Chronic low back pain (lbp) is considered to be a recurring human disease . In order to walk upright and hold their position, lbp is a multifactorial disease and it ca nt be managed by a simple treatment2 . Various factors affect the stabilization of the muscles which can protect the spine joints, such as micro trauma,... |
Ultrasonography (usg) is a valuable method for imaging peripheral nerves, complementing routinelyperformed diagnostic studies, including the physical examination, electromyography and magnetic resonance imaging . In certain situations, usg becomes the imaging method of choice; these include evaluating nerves of small d... |
Now the time has come to allocate resources and permit national planning to quantify the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the number of people affected by diabetes, now and in the future . Population growth, aging, urbanization, low physical activity and obesity are main causative factors of high prevalence of dm . ... |
Smoking is a public health problem worldwide, having negative consequences and unfavorable economic implications, as well as being the leading cause of preventable death . 1 3 exposure to tobacco smoke is a major risk factor for various conditions that predispose to fatal noncommunicable diseases, 4 especially cardiova... |
All humans have an identity in life; compassionate societies require this identity to be recognized even after death . Sex assessment of skeletal remains is an important step in building the biological profile of unidentified skeletons and it is widely agreed that the skull and pelvis are the most useful skeletal regio... |
1 . The p53 is a tumor - suppressor gene and its mutation has been implicated in the genesis of skin cancers . The expression of proliferation marker, ki67, is also increased in sundamaged skin . Basal cell carcinoma (bcc) although rarely metastatic, it is capable of significant local destruction and disfigurement. [15... |
Pulmonary sequestration refers to malformation of the primitive embryonic nonfunctional cystic lung tissue that is supplied by aberrant systemic artery and not connected to the normal tracheobronchial tree . Selective angiography or computed tomographic angiography reveals the anomalous arterial supply and venous drain... |
Computed tomography (ct) and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) have been widely used for patients with acute neurological manifestations . However, these imaging techniques at times may be misleading, especially in a busy emergency room (er) where doctors may have limited time to evaluate the patients thoroughly . The a... |
Currently, cancer treatments are increasingly more effective, although they have been associated with short and long term oral side effects such as oral candidiasis and oral mucositis . Regarding esophageal cancer, it has been reported that the most frequent problems associated with esophageal surgery were related to r... |
The bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) is a marine mammal positioned at the top of the food chain . The dolphins are organized into highly structured communities known as groups, in which the sex and age of members in the community are balanced to fulfill the functions of the group, such as the feeding system . A ... |
The demand for esthetic restorations in dentistry has increased over the past few years . Since resin composites were first developed, many efforts have been made to improve the clinical behavior of these restorative materials . Although both organic and inorganic phases might influence the material behavior, the fille... |
The unique physical properties attributed to nanoscale materials have led to a rise of nanomaterials research in recent years . For example, nanopatterned magnetic structures have been studied for applications as varied as high - density data storage to biomedical sensing . Additionally, plasmonic nanomaterials have re... |
Periosteal osteosarcoma (perosa) is an intermediate - grade malignancy arising on the surface of bones, frequently in femur and tibia, followed by ulna and humerus in extremities (1, 2). Perosa of the chest wall, unlike that of the extremities, presents a diagnostic challenge because of the extreme rarity of the lesion... |
Despite being a relatively rare type of cancer, pancreatic cancer is ranked as the 8 and 9 leading cause of death in men and women, respectively . Thus, this cancer is, usually, diagnosed when in the advanced stages; therefore, the curative treatment is ineffective . Commonly used noninvasive imaging modalities, includ... |
It is a most unwelcome experience and challenge for an anesthesiologist to find a potentially difficult airway at the end of procedure . The main concerns in palatoplasty, at the time of extubation are hemorrhage and upper airway obstruction . It is well - known that patients with franceschetti syndrome and pierre robi... |
The story of cytoplasmic protein lysine acetylation begins long after the discovery of posttranslational acetylation of histones in the sixties . In fact only in 1985 tubulin was described as the first acetylated cytoplasmic protein [2, 3]. Since then the first global proteomic study on acetylated proteins describes 37... |
The cause of postoperative endophthalmitis after ocular surgery is not known, and is probably variable . Good et al suggested that partial obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct and upper airway infection could be the risk factors for development of postoperative endophthalmitis in children undergoing cataract surgery . ... |
The increasing prevalence of mobility limitations among seniors is a concern, as it affects the quality of life of the elderly population (yong et al ., 2010). It has far - reaching consequences, because older individuals who are less mobile are also likely to suffer from poorer health, depression, and social isolation... |
Case 1: a 49-year - old man with neovascular glaucoma (nvg) in the right eye (re), who had undergone phacoemulsification, posterior chamber lens (pcl) implantation, and agv implantation, was referred to us . His intraocular pressure (iop) (re) was 40 mmhg despite medical therapy including dorzolamide 2% / timolol malea... |
Using in vitro production of embryos allows us to obtain a large number of offsprings from live or slaughtered animals (1) for research, genetic improvement or commercial purposes (2). In sheep, techniques for in vitro fertilization and in vitro culture of embryos (ivc) seems to be under control . However in most domes... |
Reaching social stable development, as a whole, requires the cooperation of all members of a community . Providing and improving health standard is one of the financial dimensions of human social evolution, which, more than the other aspects of development, demands public cooperation . For health approach providing all... |
Cryptosporidium species are apicomplexan protozoa that infect humans and a wide variety of vertebrate animals . Cryptosporidiosis is a self - limiting disease of intestinal tract in immune - competent individuals and a severe chronic disease in immunocompromised patients . Cryptosporidiosis has been considered to be a ... |
An orphan is defined as a child under 18 years who has lost his father, mother or both parents . Orphans, therefore, are considered disadvantaged and socially marginalized population whom diseases burden is high . Poor living conditions in orphanages where children live might be related to many complex health problems ... |
This was a retrospective observational study conducted at shree krishna hospital, which is a 550 bedded multi speciality and tertiary care teaching rural hospital . From july 2009 to november 2009, all hospitalized patients were screened from the system department of our hospital based on the serum creatinine (scr) lev... |
Insulin - like growth factor-1 (igf-1) is an important regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, has acute insulin - like metabolic effects, and is important for growth and development throughout the body . The level of igf-1 peaks during puberty and after which it declines with age . Although th... |
Sepsis is defined as life - threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection, which is still a leading cause of deaths in the critical illness . Neutrophils are the most abundant of all white blood cells in the human circulation and play a key role in host protection against microbial infe... |
Estrogens are known carcinogens recognized as prime risk factor for the development of breast cancer . The principal enzyme controlling estrogen metabolism in breast tissue is cytochrome p450 1b1 (cyp1b1), which sequentially oxidizes e2 to 4-ohe2 and the estrogen quinone (e2 - 3,4-q, figure 1). The highly reactive quin... |
Women with this condition are known to have an average of about five visits to different consultants before actual diagnosis . They would have consulted a gynecologist for menstrual irregularity and infertility, physician for obesity, dietician for nutritional counseling, dermatologist for hair and skin ailments, and p... |
The intraoperative contamination of a bone fragment during any orthopaedic surgery such as dropping the specimen on the floor could occasionally occur and create a serious dilemma for the surgeon . If the autograft is contaminated this way on the operating room floor during the surgery, salvage can be done by different... |
A pain drawing (pd) is a simple line drawing of the human body (front and back)1 on which patients can indicate their pain for both clinical and research purposes2 . Pds may differ from each other depending on whether the image is simple3 or detailed4, 5, presents a frontal or sagittal perspective, or depicts a female ... |
A 41-year - old man was admitted to the emergency room due to a sudden onset of chest pain radiating to the back and dyspnea . Upon reaching the hospital, the patient was in hemodynamically stable condition except for mild elevation of his respiration rate; his blood pressure was 130/90 mmhg, pulse rate was 84 beats / ... |
The first screening method of screening for trisomy 21 was based on the maternal age . Since the late 1980s, a test was universalized for three fetoplacental products (alpha - fetoprotein, unconjugate estriol, and total hcg) in the maternal serum at the second trimester of gestation . In addition, various sonographic m... |
Diabetic nephropathy (dn) is the most common cause of end - stage renal disease (esrd) (1 - 3). Patients with non - insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm) present a high risk for developing severe complications, such as dn, retinopathy and cardiovascular disease . Studies demonstrating familial clustering of dn,... |
Diagnosis of these patients relies on accurately measuring the levels of growth hormone in the blood and changes therein using a provocation test . However, values obtained using the different kits available in japan have always differed considerably, to an extent that could affect a proper clinical judgment regarding ... |
Maternally transmitted bacteria of the genus wolbachia form a monophyletic clade of intracellular alpha - proteobacteria and are particularly related to the rickettsia that cause human diseases such as rocky mountain spotted fever, typhus and q - fever (hackstadt, 1996). Wolbachia have been reported to have negative, z... |
During the outbreak period, ptwrc housed 6001,000 wild animals (70 species of mammals, birds, and reptiles). The center is divided into 3 main sections that cover 37 ha . Birds were kept in sections s11, s12, and s2, and the cats were in all sections (figure). The information on bird deaths at ptwrc was systematically ... |
Persistent mllerian duct syndrome (pmds) is a rare genetic disorder representing male pseudo - hermaphroditism . It is a sex - limited autosomal recessive disorder where a male (46 chromosomes; xy) with normal external reproductive organs is characterized by the presence of female reproductive organs, namely, uterus, c... |
Many diverse lines of evidence indicate that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopment disorder; early - life adverse events such as prenatal stress, obstetric complications, malnutrition, and viral infection may interrupt the normal brain development and increase the susceptibility of schizophrenia later in life [14]. Neuro... |
Percutaneous vertebroplasty (pvp) is a minimally invasive interventional procedure in which bone cement is injected into a fractured vertebra to treat painful vertebral compression fractures (vcfs) during the last two decades.123 pvp has numerous advantages, including quickly relieving pain, improving a quality of life... |
Relational aggression, rumor spreading, backstabbing, and social isolation, is recognized as a violent act and is no longer considered a normal part of growing up . Research has indicated the experience of peer (girl - girl) relational aggression whether from the standpoint of the perpetrator or the victim as detriment... |
Major depression is a severe psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence in excess of 15%,1 and is the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide . The world health organization estimates that depression causes 6% of the burden of all diseases in europe in terms of disability - adjusted life years . Full remissio... |
What des - cartes did was a good step . You have added much several ways . . . The scientific research community depends on open knowledge sharing to increase the speed and effectiveness of scientific research, yet current publishing models reduce both the speed and efficiency of knowledge dissemination . The scientifi... |
Granular cell tumor (gct) is an uncommon benign tumor, affecting the skin and internal organs . The tumor is usually asymptomatic although some patients may experience mild pruritus or pain . A case of a large solitary painful gct a 48-year - old housewife presented to us with a painful solid mass over her upper back p... |
Despite the latest advances in anesthesia and the introduction of a new class of antiemetics, postoperative nausea and vomiting (ponv) is still one of the most common postoperative patient complaints . Generally, one - third of patients undergoing surgery are known to suffer from postoperative nausea, vomiting, or both... |
Trypanosomosis is a widely spread protozoan disease complex which affects cattle and other wide range of hosts in sub - saharan africa . The course of the disease may run from a chronic long lasting to an acute and rapidly fatal depending on the vector - parasite - host interactions . The disease is mainly characterize... |
Studies on rodent parasites of medical and veterinary importance have been performed to prevent transmission of diseases to humans and domestic animals . The striped field mouse, apodemus agrarius, is the most dominant species and the agricultural scourge in the republic of korea (= korea). This mouse species is widely... |
A flexible flat foot refers to a structural deformity in which the medial longitudinal foot arch has become abnormally depressed under weight - bearing conditions1, 2 . Due to the flat foot, the loading on the foot cannot be properly distributed, and more activities of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles are needed1 . ... |
Maybe the most important step forward in cardiology care is the early treatment of acute ischaemia of the heart . By performing immediate angiography in patients with the clinical presentation of an acute coronary syndrome (acs), and more specifically when there are signs of st elevation on the 12-lead ecg (st - segmen... |
Bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) is one of the most important cattle diseases characterized by diarrhea, abortion, stillbirth, return to estrus, and milk drop . Economic impact of bvd has led a number of countries in europe to start eradication or control programs (1, 2). Bvd is caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv),... |
Overall mortality rate decreased, expectancy of life increased, a lot of new life saving drugs discovered which helps us to fight against several infectious and other diseases, and new advancement in the field of technology has boosted the capacity of modern science . In spite of such incredible advancement whether suc... |
The palatal groove is defined as a developmental groove in root, that when present is usually found on the palatal aspect of the maxillary incisor teeth . Palato - radicular groove is a rare developmental anomaly with prevalence rate of 2.8 - 8.5%, mostly present on the lingual surface of the maxillary lateral incisor ... |
Mucormycosis is an opportunistic infection of the human body, seen mainly in immunosuppressed states . Renal involvement usually occurs in disseminated forms and is seen in up - to 19% of such cases . . However, majority of the patients (75%) suffering from isolated renal mucormycosis in india are apparently healthy in... |
Chronic respiratory diseases represent a group of diseases characterized by abnormal condition of the respiratory system such as inflammation of the airways, airflow obstruction, chest pain, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and sputum production.1 globally, respiratory diseases remain the largest single contributor to the overall ... |
Obstructive sleep apnea (osa) is a sleep - disordered breathing with repeated upper airway obstruction during sleep due to the collapsing pharyngeal airway . The reported prevalence of osa is approximately 3 - 7% in men and 2 - 5% in women in the general population with a major risk factors, including male gender, olde... |
Animals: we assessed 72 buffalo (43 females and 29 males) aged between 3 and 36 months (mean sd: 20 4 months), and weighing between 70 and 500 kg (350 50, mean sd). Animals were admitted to mansoura veterinary teaching hospital, egypt, between january 2013 and september 2015 . Buffalo were included in the study based o... |
Until recently, the assessment of the endometrial - myometrial junctional zone (emj) was mainly used on magnetic resonance images (mri) for the diagnosis of adenomyosis (hricak et al.,1983). . However, on ultrasound the emj is not always easy to display and there are currently no strict guidelines on how to analyse the... |
The thermally activated spin relaxation of ferromagnetic (fm) nanocrystals (ncs) continues to be of interest in applied physics because of its relevance to the design of magnetic storage media and spin transport devices [1 - 3]. According to the stoner wohlfarth model, rotation of the macrospin from one energy minimum ... |
Align and center the narrow end of the large reducer base on the camera hole of the smartphone cover . The area of contact of the reducer and cover is then carefully glued [fig . 2]. The 50 mm pipe is used as the optical tube . A piece of sandpaper 17 cm 14.8 cm, is rolled and inserted into the tube and glued, the sand... |
The model of functional recovery surpasses the traditional medical model of symptomatic remission1 to include the realization of meaningful roles in the community . Unfortunately, full functional recovery is rarely attained and even less frequently maintained, even after symptoms have remitted.2 profound impairments re... |
Leiomyosarcoma (lms) is a malignant smooth muscle tumor, which is usually seen in the uterus and gastrointestinal tract . The proportion of malignancies among smooth muscle tumors of the oral cavity is disproportionately high in comparison with the low ratio of malignant to benign smooth muscle tumors in the female gen... |
Acute subdural hematoma (sdh) is a known complication of moderate to severe head injury . Sudden onset of loss of consciousness or development of neurological deficit in an otherwise healthy person is usually secondary to any cerebrovascular event . Aneurysm of internal carotid artery (ica)-posterior communicating arte... |
Most cases of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia are x - linked recessive type, accounting for 80% of cases . However there is a rare autosomal recessive variant of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia which can be clinically indistinguishable from xl - aed . Ectodermal dysplasias (ed) are a heterogeneous group of disorders ch... |
Malaria caused by plasmodium, particularly plasmodium falciparum, is the most serious and widespread parasitic disease of humans . Each year approximately three hundred million people become infected with malaria and two to three million die as a result in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world . Among the fou... |
Hypertriglyceridemia (htg) and alcoholism are among the most common causes of acute pancreatitis (ap) after gallstones . Elevated triglyceride levels, especially> 1,000 mg / dl, are a well - recognized risk factor for the development of ap . Animal studies have shown that infusion of triglycerides causes hyperamylasemi... |
It is well established that there is a strong correlation between the presence of eosinophils and the presence of th2 cells in the asthmatic airways and that classical th2 cell - derived cytokines, namely il-4, il-5, and il-13, play critical roles in orchestrating and amplifying allergic inflammation in asthma . In add... |
Conformal radiotherapy (crt) is now the accepted standard for curative radiotherapy of many tumours . It offers the advantage of improved coverage of the tumour and high - risk areas, together with sparing of normal tissues, thereby improving the therapeutic ratio and allowing increased cure with fewer side effects . C... |
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (pcnl) is a well - established and safe procedure for the management of renal stones [13]. The outcome of the procedure depends on a variety of factors, including operative technique, body mass index (bmi), number of comorbidities, renal collecting system anatomy, initial stone burden and l... |
Vitamin d3 supplementation reduced the risk of allcause and cancer mortality in a recent cochrane analysis . Other extraskeletal effects of vitamin d deficiency or insufficiency are possible but not firmly established since the threshold of such effects may vary . Several large observational studies linked low 25(oh)d ... |
One of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity amongst pregnant women and their offspring is pre - eclampsia (pe), affecting 2%8% of all pregnancies depending on the criteria of diagnosis and ethnic population . The symptoms manifest themselves in the late second or third trimester of pregnancy but there is most ... |
A 36-year - old healthy woman with reddish, painless local swellings over the dorsal aspect of the proximal interphalangeal (pip) joints of both hands presented at our rheumatologic outpatient clinic to exclude an inflammatory joint disease . She noticed the swellings over a period of one year without any trigger or pr... |
Cytokines have essential roles in the development, differentiation, and function of the immune response . Following receptor ligation cytokines, including interleukins (ils), interferons (ifns), and haematopoietic growth factors, activate the janus kinase - signal transducer and activator of transcription (jak - stat) ... |
Thoracic aortic disruption most often results from a high - speed motor vehicle collision . A finding of left atrial dome disruption as the cause of cardiovascular collapse following blunt trauma is unusual . A 32-year - old man sustained multiple injuries following a high - speed dirt bike collision at 70 mph . On ini... |
For a given province, year, maternal age group, and the estimated number of live patients with congenital t. cruzi infection were computed as the total number of live newborns (f), times the probability of a woman s being infected with t. cruzi (p), times the probability of transmitting t. cruzi to the live newborn (t)... |
Enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a positive - stranded rna genome and belongs to a member of the species a, enterovirus genus, picornaviridae family . Ev71 is one of the major causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) in young children, which has caused a series of outbreaks of hfmd throughout the world, with pa... |
Down syndrome (ds) was first described in 1866 by john langdon down and affects 1 in every 6001000 live births; ds is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disabilities . Trisomy of chromosome 21 is the most common cause for ds, accounting for approximately 95% of all ds cases . The life span of ds individuals ... |
The treatment costs and also the rate of disability are high in diabetes, making it one of the main health care issues of patients . The metabolic disorders caused by diabetes mellitus result in secondary pathophysiological changes in different body organs . With the ever increasing incidence of this disease all over t... |
The heart is a complex, three - dimensional structure performing continuous, cyclic mechanical work to maintain blood circulation in the cardiovascular system . The performance of the cardiac pump primarily depends on myocyte efficiency, however, ventricular geometry, heart valve and vascular efficiency, loading condit... |
The genus streptococcus comprises 116 officially recognized species (http://www.bacterio.net/) partially clustered into six species group (pyogenic, anginosus, mitis, salivarius, bovis and mutans) on the basis of systematic 16s rrna sequence study . The exact taxonomic classification of each species within this genus r... |
Mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) are derived from the mesodermal germ layer and can be easily isolated and cultured from many tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, and amniotic fluid [13]. Because mscs exhibit low expression of mhc i and do not express mhc ii molecules, these cells do not cause immunological react... |
Mandibular ameloblastoma is a rare, benign neoplasm of odontogenic epithelium described for the first time by broca (1868) as adamantinoma, and then re - coined by churchill (1934). Ameloblastoma accounts for about 1% of all tumors of the jaw, and it is mainly encountered during three to five decades of life . Histolog... |
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