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In mammals y chromosome is responsible for the development of testis and termed testis determining factor (tdf). However, because of abnormal x / y terminal exchange during male meiosis, some patient develop testis in the absence of y chromosome with development of genital tract and present with infertility, short stat... |
Primary health care has the potential to approach and achieve both the millennium development goals (mdgs) and the greater goal of universal access to health through acceptable, accessible, appropriate and affordable health care . In thailand, a lower - middle income country, primary health care is delivered by nurses ... |
Globally, human populations show structured genetic diversity as a result of geographical dispersion, selection and drift . Understanding this variation can provide insights into evolutionary processes that shape both human adaptation and variation in disease susceptibility . Although the hapmap project and 1000 genome... |
To characterize the odontogenic capability of apical bud and phenotypical change of apical bud cells (abcs) in different microenvironment . Incisor apical bud tissues from neonatal sd rat were dissected and transplanted into the renal capsules to determine their odontogenic capability then abcs were cultured with condi... |
Aging is associated with adipose tissue increase, lean mass decrease and water content1 (table 1). Angiotensin decrease and altered baroreceptorial function cause a minor and delayed response to brain thirst perception.2 other age - related changes are the inability of the kidneys to retain sodium and concentrate urine... |
Cryptogenic (of unknown cause) ischemic strokes are now thought to comprise approximately 25% of all ischemic strokes . Most cryptogenic strokes are thromboembolic (embolic stroke of undetermined source [esus]). The thrombus is thought to originate from any of several well - established potential embolic sources, inclu... |
In early stages of drug discovery, pharmacokinetic and drug metabolism and disposition studies were conducted in rodents, as they were relatively inexpensive and can be easily acquired and handled . In a typical pharmacokinetic (pk) study, new chemical entities (nces) are administered to rats via intravenous and oral r... |
Plastics have become an indispensable part in today's world, due to their lightweight, durability, and energy efficiency, coupled with a faster rate of production and design flexibility; these plastics are employed in entire gamut of industrial and domestic areas; hence, plastics have become essential materials and the... |
In cardiovascular disease, the availability and utilization of individual services and procedures, such as percutaneous coronary intervention (pci) and coronary artery bypass graft (cabg) surgery, vary widely between facilities.1, 2 however, a comprehensive assessment of a hospital's available cardiovascular services i... |
Monoclonal gammopathy with undetermined significance (mgus) is a premalignant condition that can progress to multiple myeloma, waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, amyloid light - chain amyloidosis, or other lymphoproliferative disorder . A monoclonal spike (m - protein) on serum protein electrophoresis is known to be the mo... |
Endotracheal intubation is a common procedure in the nicu and accurate positioning of the endotracheal tube (ett) is essential to prevent associated morbidity . This is applied more so in cases of extremely premature babies where the trachea is much shorter, leaving little margin for error . Given that the difference b... |
Approximately 17.2 million are men, 16.8 million are women and 3.4 million are aged less than 15 years . There were about 1.8 million deaths from aids in 2010, down from 2.2 million in 2005.7 the mortality rate due to hiv in several regions of asia (south and south east) with population about 2 billion has been about 2... |
In summary, the elongational dynamics of polymer semidilute solutions under electrostatic fields is predicted to include a fast axial stretching of the polymer network accompanied by a radial contraction toward the core, resulting in a higher polymer concentration and axial orientation at the fiber center . Our modelin... |
Function preserving alternatives have now become the norm without compromising on overall disease survival and have resulted in a documented improvement in overall quality of life of patients compared with those with an amputation . The advent of better imaging modalities, more effective chemotherapy, improved radiothe... |
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm) is increasing these years with the improvement of people's living standard, the changes of life style, and the increasing aging population . Yang et al . Reported that the prevalence of diabetes in adults over 20 years old was 9.7% and the prevalence of prediabetes (imp... |
The incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism (phpt) is increasing with rate of 42:100,000 per year . While in women over 60 years of age the average annual incidence rate approaches 190:100,000 per year (1). Whether this gradual rise reflects a true increase in the incidence of phpt, a greater use of routine testing of... |
As in other types of cells, hypertonically stressed brain cells regulate their volume initially by the rapid uptake of electrolytes3). With a prolonged elevation of plasma osmolality, these solutes have historically been termed " idiogenic osmoles " because they were unidentified and thought to be produced by the brain... |
The effort of imitating the beauty of natural teeth in the esthetic dentistry led to the development of ceramic copings which had similar translucency and strength to natural teeth . The translucency of coping was recognized as one of the key factors determining the optical characteristics of all - ceramic restorations... |
The traditional approach involves taking the patient to the operating room in an urgent time frame for irrigation and debridement of the open wound and bone ends through an extensile incision . This method is still recommended in most orthopedic textbooks and review articles [14]. However, it has recently been reported... |
Left main coronary artery stenosis is a serious condition and can result in patient death . Early recognition and symptoms are often clear and patient can develop chest pain during exercise or at rest . Patient can also present with pulmonary edema and acute left ventricular dysfunction . In this report, we describe a ... |
A 68-year - old caucasian woman, with a history of gastritis and light cerebral stroke with leptomeningeal involvement registered by magnetic resonance imaging (mri), presented with bilateral glass wool - like vitreous opacities and whitish deposits mimicking lens fragments in the right eye . Fluorescein angiography re... |
Body mass index (bmi) has become a cornerstone for categorization of overweight and obesity in youths after the global introduction of age- and gender - specific growth curves . However, bmi does not distinguish between fat and lean body mass, which might provide misleading data on body fat content during growth and de... |
Asteroid hyalosis of the vitreous is found in 1.2% of the population, according to the beaver dam eye study.1 this condition is more frequent with aging as it is found in 0.2% of 43- to 54-year - old patients and in 2.9% of 75- to 86-year - old patients.1 this degenerative condition appears clinically as yellow - white... |
The global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease defines chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) as a common preventable and treatable disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and the lu... |
It includes factors such as posture control, standing straight reaction, and protection reaction1 . Since body segments are connected to each other, a change in body alignment in one part induces compensatory movement in other parts and eventually induces postural sway and instability . There are some training programs... |
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in females worldwide, with 500,000 new patients and 300,000 deaths due to this cancer reported globally each year (1). Among cervical cancer cases, 80% occur in developing countries (2) and about 70% are identified as advanced cancer (3). Treatment of cervical cancer is ... |
Tuberculosis (tb) remains a tremendous global health problem, with recent estimates of almost 9 million new cases annually and 1.4 million deaths (1). In addition, multidrug - resistant (mdr) and extensively drug - resistant (xdr) strains that resist the most effective chemotherapies have become increasingly common, an... |
An estimated 235,030 new breast cancer cases are expected to occur for the year in 2014 (3). Consequently, more women are living with the negative effects of cancer, either by the disease itself, or as a result of treatment (radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy etc . ). Some of the negative effects include cancer ... |
Atypical odontalgia (ao) is a persistent pain condition located in the teeth and jaws . It has been described as a persistent neuropathic pain that may be initiated after the deafferentiation of trigeminal nerve fibers following a root canal treatment, an apicoectomy, or a tooth extraction, or it may be of idiopathic o... |
Autologous fat transplantation as a means for aesthetic reconstruction has been described in the literature for soft tissue damage as early as 1893 . Liposuction, purification and re - implantation are referred to as the primary steps in performing autologous fat grafting . Unfortunately, the ease of harvesting this ma... |
2 renal transplant and immunosuppression used for desensitization in abo incompatible renal transplant could be the reason for development of a hematological malignancy in our case . On postoperative day 2, he had graft thrombosis due to a surgical cause, and graft nephrectomy was done . Patient's elder brother with a1... |
Neuroendocrine tumours (nets) are a rare but very heterogeneous group of neoplasms [1, 2]. Although many of nets are clinically silent, presenting with symptoms of mass effects or distant metastases [13], they often lead to debilitating symptoms like diarrhea and flush, which deteriorates patients' quality of life . Su... |
Enucleation has long been used for the treatment of ocular diseases such as intraocular malignancy, severe trauma, and blind painful eye . The major purpose of enucleation is to remove the diseased globe intact and to provide a cosmetically acceptable appearance . The first orbital removal for medical treatment was per... |
Alzheimer's disease (ad), parkinson's disease, and age - related memory disorders always remain in keen interest of researchers . Ad is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the appearance of neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plagues within the brain of ad patients, rapid loss of synapses, a... |
Neutrophils are the most abundant of all white blood cells and play a key role in host protection against microbial infections and in inflammation . Hepatitis b and inflammatory bowel disease are common examples for this correlation, leading to hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer, respectively . Neutrophils,... |
It is defined by ohemichen and staak, as the suicide of a patient during in - patient treatment, both inside and outside the hospital setting, e.g., during a leave, an outing, a trial discharge, or a stay in another hospital with concurrent inpatient psychiatric treatment . Research shows that approximately 25%40% of s... |
In technological practice, removal of nitrogen is most often accomplished using autotrophic nitrification followed by heterotrophic denitrification . For the removal of nitrogen, reactors containing activated sludge, biofilm, or granular sludge are employed . The latter type of biomass structure possesses many desirabl... |
In oncology, detection of tumor, staging of disease, and monitoring of therapy are important for patient management and prognosis . Cancer patients undergo a number of different imaging studies throughout the course of their disease . Various imaging investigations are available and the resulting images are reviewed on... |
Sex chromosomes have repeatedly and independently evolved in plant and animal species with genetic sex - determination mechanisms (bull 1983). Although some taxonomic groups appear to have stable sex chromosomes that have been conserved across hundreds of millions of years of evolution, there are many examples of sex c... |
The estimated incidence of mps i is 1 in every 100,000 live births . Due to the chronic and progressive accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in the lysosomes of cells throughout the body, patients affected by this devastating disease experience multiorgan dysfunction leading to considerable morbidity in most patients, an... |
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (lc) has the advantages of limited post - operative pain and shorter hospitalization compared with open cholecystectomy; however, lc has an increased risk of bile duct injury and vascular complications . In a series involving 77,604 cases, the incidence of total vascular complications was 0... |
This devastating disease is characterized by the presence of senile plaques (sp), neurofibrillary tangles (nfts), and loss of synapses . Although ad has been known for over 100 years, the exact mechanism(s) of ad progression or pathogenesis largely remain unknown . Mutations of presenilin-1 (ps-1), presenilin-2 (ps-2),... |
Cell function is governed by an intricate web of physical and functional links between proteins . Information about the details of this interaction network is dispersed in the scientific literature in a format that is not easily accessible for large scale analysis . Over the past few years, a number of protein - intera... |
Critically ill patients often need blood transfusion or any other blood product when they are facing a life threatening situation . However, some patients, such as jehovah s witnesses (jw), may refuse their administration due to religious beliefs . Based on those believes, humans must not sustain life with other creatu... |
Although the polymerase chain reaction (pcr; [1, 2]) is the most widely used method, newer more sensitive techniques are favored for some applications particularly diagnostic testing . Mediated isothermal amplification (lamp;) is perhaps the most promising of these new methods . Lamp can quickly generate large quantiti... |
The number of latinos in the us doubled during the past decade, boosted by an above - average fertility rate and intensive migratory flow from latin america.1 latinos now represent 15.5% of total us residents, constituting the largest ethnic minority group in the country . Despite this growth, latinos still experience ... |
Adult subjects with type 2 diabetes were screened and enrolled if they were 1880 years of age, had a1c between 7 and 11% (prestudy oad monotherapy for 3 months) or between 7 and 10% (prestudy combination oad therapy for 3 months), and had bmi 40 kg / m . Subjects were excluded if they had used insulin during the previo... |
Acute pulmonary embolism (pe) is a common life - threatening condition and represents the most serious manifestation of venous thromboembolic disease . Acute pe interferes with both the circulation and gas exchange and right ventricular (rv) failure due to pressure overload is considered as the primary cause of death i... |
Anterior cervical discectomy and inter - body fusion (acdf) with stand - alone cages (sac) has been regarded as an acceptable treatment option for symptomatic cervical degenerative disease . Not a few previous reports have described that acdf with sac is satisfactory in terms of radiographic and clinical results161718)... |
Lactobacillus strains are extensively used as probiotics in the food industry, and certain lactobacillus species are also of importance in general health, providing a beneficial microflora in the oral cavity, intestinal tract [2, 3], and vagina . The genus lactobacillus contains a diverse assemble of gram - positive, c... |
. Increased intracellular levels of the rois, superoxide (o2-), hydroxyl radical (oh), or hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) are referred to as oxidative stress . Also, cigarette smoking can cause an acute inflammatory reaction in the lung, characterized by the accumulation and activation of leukocytes in vivo, producing rois an... |
It can cause pain (1), discomfort and lead to joint contractures and prevent functional mobility . According to different authors early intensive therapy has been shown to speed up functional recovery following a stroke (3). However, limited therapy resources in many hospitals inhibit intensive therapy in daily practic... |
A recent study has investigated the concept of subjective memory complaints (smc) and suggested that the understanding of these complaints is of great relevance.1 some studies indicate that the presence of any type of smc may reflect objective memory impairment or be predictive of future dementia.25 amariglio et al inv... |
Chronic renal failure (crf) in pregnancy is relatively rare with an incidence of 0.03 - 0.12% of all pregnancies . It is associated with higher maternal and fetal complications such as pre - eclampsia, anemia, chronic hypertension and prematurity . This report describes the anesthetic management of a parturient with cr... |
This report is based on the 15-year collection of blood samples from a rural population in leppvirta, savolax, finland, whose selenium status was followed by annual blood sampling . Volunteers for the periodontal examination were recruited by a questionnaire, and 9 men and 12 women participated . During the 15 years, t... |
Epstein - barr virus (ebv)-positive diffuse large b - cell lymphoma (dlbcl) of the elderly was included in the 2008 who classification as a new provisional entity and is defined as blastic, clonal b - cell proliferation associated with ebv occurring in patients> 50 years of age, presumably due to senescence of the immu... |
More than 35 million people have dementia worldwide and the prevalence is expected to double in the next 20 years . Medicines are available for treatment of symptoms but provide limited benefit and do not prevent ad . The cause of ad is not completely understood, but a widely held view of its pathogenesis is based on t... |
Guidelines from the european association of urology (eau) for the treatment of renal stones recommend extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (eswl) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (pcnl) as the standard therapies . Eswl is recommended as the therapy of first choice for renal stones <20 mm, and the success rate is appro... |
Compomers (polyacid - modified composite resins) are esthetic materials chemically similar to the well - established composite resins8 . They were introduced to the dental profession in the early 1990s10, and were intended to combine the benefits of traditional composite resins and those of glass - ionomer cements16 . ... |
The superiority, in terms of clinical outcomes, of mitral valve repair over mitral valve replacement have made it the procedure of choice for the treatment of most pathological conditions of the mitral valve . Many papers which provided the long - term results of mitral valve replacement (mvr) using a biological prosth... |
Amisulpride is a substituted benzamide that, at low doses, selectively blocks d2 and d3 presynaptic dopamine receptors, enhancing dopaminergic transmission in frontal cortex and limbic areas . Many clinical studies versus placebo, tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors showed amisulpride ... |
The nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs (nsaids) have remained the mainstay of the treatment and management of inflammatory disorders . Despite enormous innovations in novel drug delivery systems (ndds) through alternative routes, oral drug delivery of nsaids has been the most common and preferred route of drug admi... |
The n - methyl d - aspartate (nmda) receptors are one of the major subclasses of glutamatergic receptors that have critical roles in normal physiological processes such as neuronal proliferation, migration, and plasticity, as well as in pathological conditions, such as epilepsy and neurodegeneration [4, 5]. Following o... |
This study was approved by the institutional review board of marshfield clinic and marshfield clinic research foundation . Fifteen mrsa isolates were recovered from 15 patients in a correctional facility over a 13-month period (figure 1). The patients were housed in 7 of 10 units with a common recreation yard at a 1,20... |
In 1957, the introduction of the median sternotomy to allow access to intrathoracic organs by julian revolutionised the field of cardiothoracic surgery . Since this landmark introduction, sternal wound infection and dehiscence have been reported to occur in 0.210% and mortality rates in such cases range from 05 to 20% ... |
This retrospective study was conducted in wuxi people s hospital affiliated to nanjing medical university, wuxi, china between august 2010 and june 2013 . The study included 32 patients, (20 males and 12 females), with an average age of 43.6 years (range 25 - 63) who underwent pffv, and 35 patients, (24 males and 11 fe... |
Majority of human cancers are caused, mediated or modified by exogenous / endogenous environmental factors . Epidemiological studies have successfully demonstrated that certain well - defined exposures (e.g. Tobacco, alcohol, ionizing radiation, occupational carcinogens and viruses etc .) Increase the risk of cancers a... |
Plastic bronchitis (pb) has also been called fibrinous bronchitis, pseudomembranous bronchitis, hoffman's bronchitis, and cast bronchitis . It has been diagnosed in a variety of pulmonary pathologies including asthma, respiratory infections, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and acute chest syndrome associated with sick... |
The diversity of plant species in brazil is a potential source of biologically active compounds . The use of medicinal plants is a generalized practice in folk medicine for the treatment of different types of diseases [14], and they are promising sources for the discovery of novel potentially therapeutic agents . Howev... |
Tumor necrosis factor- (tnf) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by different cell types (activated t lymphocytes, keratinocytes, langerhans cells, endothelial cells, cardiac myocytes, adipose tissue etc .) And is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriatic skin lesions . Tnf inhibitors have become established agents ... |
In this review we discuss the use of outbred mice to map the genetic basis of complex traits and consider how recent advances in full - genome sequencing technologies have aided this endeavour . Most of our examples are drawn from heterogeneous stocks (hs) (talbot et al . 1999; valdar et al . 2006) and commercial outbr... |
Diabetes mellitus is the most common serious metabolic disorder in humans and is clinically defined as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia as a result of defects in insulin secretion or resistance to insulin action or both . There are multiple types of diabetes, but the most common forms are ty... |
The problem has reached epidemic proportions with nearly 20% of the american population affected, and representing a significant proportion of the total health care costs [1, 2]. In addition, the number of morbidly obese individuals with a body mass index (bmi) greater than 40 kg / m has also risen dramatically over th... |
Micrornas (mirs) are small rna molecules which target many mrna transcripts, leading to their post - transcriptional silencing (bartel, 2009). Many mrnas can be silenced by multiple mirs and mirs often target more than one mrna participating in a particular biological function (bartel, 2009). Together, this suggests th... |
Theory and empirical data are in principle intimately interwoven . Yet in the practice of social network analysis, there appears to be a disconnect: theorizing and empiricism often seem to occupy separate orbits, and these separate discussions may be difficult to relate to each other . The root of the problem may lie i... |
During 19931999 all pregnancies (n = 1,215) in danish women with type 1 diabetes were reported prospectively to a central registry in the danish diabetes association (11). Pregnancies were registered if the duration was 24 weeks, and only the first pregnancy during the study period was included . Of the women, 66 with ... |
Bilateral fracture dislocation of the shoulder is a rare event [13]. In the presented case, the epileptic seizure of these patients was the causation for the injury . In literature, there are less than 40 cases of this type of injury described . Proper imaging is mandatory [4, 5] as this injury is often not or misdiagn... |
The insertion of dentistry in the multidisciplinary context of hematology - oncology is an important part of the success of cancer treatment . Oral complications can compromise the protocols of chemotherapy, possibly making it necessary to decrease the administered dose, the change in treatment protocol, or even discon... |
Increased microvascular permeability resulting in tissue edema is a hallmark of sepsis - related microcirculatory failure, and in this context leukocytes are thought to assume major importance . However, the role of nitric oxide (no) in the interplay of inflammation, leukocyte endothelium interaction and increased micr... |
A 76-year - old male underwent a left upper lobectomy with en bloc wedge resection of the superior segment of the left lower lobe using video - assisted thoracoscopic surgery (vats) for non - small - cell lung cancer of the left upper lobe . Chest radiography on the second postoperative day revealed atelectasis at the ... |
The midface comprises the medial portion of the face including the upper maxillary region and the zygomatico - orbito - maxillary complex . Facial bones, especially of the middle - third of the face, readily fracture more than bones in other parts of the body because they are composed of a network of fragile bones held... |
Tuberculosis of the spine is a dangerous form of skeletal tuberculosis and it constitutes 50 - 60% of all osteoarticular involvements.1 the lesion is a combination of a form of tuberculous osteomyelitis and arthritis that usually affects more than one vertebrae and may spread to the adjacent intervertebral discs.2 mech... |
We used two familybased studies in our genetic analyses of ssd: the cleveland ssd and denver ssd cohorts . The details regarding subjects and recruitment methods for both cohorts are described elsewhere but are summarized below (lewis et al . The cleveland ssd cohort was collected at case western reserve university as ... |
The mechanical causes of back pain include muscle strain and iliac crest apophysitis, sprained interspinous ligaments and kissing spines, thoracic and lumbar scheuermann s disease, intervertebral disc injuries, leg - length discrepancies, and traumatic and stress fractures of the vertebral body or posterior elements.15... |
Cholesteatoma is a benign epithelial lesion, which destroys surrounding bone tissue as it grows and may lead to serious complications such as hearing loss, facial paralysis, vestibular disorders, and intracranial diseases . Clinically in cholesteatoma, there is chronic or recurrent purulent discharge . It has been repo... |
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (hh) is a rare congenital or acquired disease characterized by the absent or inadequate secretion of gonadotropin - releasing hormone (gnrh) or gonadotropin . Congenital hh is also called idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (ihh), and it falls into two main types: kallmann syndrome (k... |
We analyzed fecal samples from 16 patients given a diagnosis of malaria at lwanga hospital in buikwe, uganda, who were undergoing treatment during october december 2010; twenty - eight employees of dzanga - sangha protected areas, central african republic, who when samples were obtained during november december 2010, d... |
Tracheomalacia is a structural abnormality of the tracheal cartilage causing collapse of its walls and airway obstruction . Tracheomalacia can be associated with various congenital anomalies, including cardiovascular defects, tracheoesophageal fistula and growth or developmental abnormalities . Primary tracheomalacia i... |
All strategies (immediate antibiotics, culture, or rapid testing) will prevent most non - suppurative complications (acute rheumatic fever). Given the imperfect sensitivity of both culture and rapid testing, these strategies may fail to prevent a low percentage of acute rheumatic fever cases, but given the low rate of ... |
The variety of techniques used in palatoplasty have grown considerably from ancient times to the new millennium . Since the beginning of the 20 century, the treatment objective in palatoplasty has not only been simple closure of the soft and hard palate but also improvement in speech and avoidance of abnormal maxillofa... |
Malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is an extremely rare tumor arising from the uncontrolled growth of melanocytes found in the basal layer of the oral mucous membranes . Melanocytes are neural crest - derived cells that migrate to the skin, mucous membranes and several other sites . The incidence of melanoma has bee... |
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, or pseudotumor cerebri (ptc), is a condition characterised by raised intracranial pressure not attributable to mass lesions, focal structural abnormalities or csf flow in the orientated and alert patient . It is a recognised complication of a diverse array of underlying medical con... |
Dental surgeons and oral health care workers are daily exposed to a variety of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, protozoan through the patients and the working environment . In absence of proper preventive measures, the health care professionals are at high risk of exposure to various infectious diseases whic... |
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is a rare but potentially fatal complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis . The diagnosis of eps can be challenging, especially in developing countries due to the high prevalence of tuberculous peritonitis . We report a case in which surgery followed by immunosuppressi... |
If perception corresponds to hypothesis testing (gregory 1980), then visual searches could correspond to experiments that generate sensory data . In this paper, we explore the idea that saccadic eye movements are optimal experiments, in which data are gathered to test hypotheses or beliefs about how those data are caus... |
Aravan virus was isolated from the brain of one lesser mouse - eared bat (myotis blythi) during a survey of 269 bats collected in the osh region of kyrghyzstan from 1988 to 1992 (30,32). Aravan virus infected mouse brains were impressed on glass slides, air - dried, and fixed with acetone . To detect the lyssavirus ant... |
Out - of - hospital cardiac arrest (ohca) is one of the main causes of death in europe . A systematic review including 67 peer - reviewed studies published from 1990 to 2008 concludes that the incidence of emergency medical service (ems) attended ohca in europe is 86.4 per 100,000 inhabitants per year . That review rep... |
Various methods of intraoperative control of the implanted screws are currently practiced . In this study, we examine and compare two main methods of intraoperative fluoroscopic control . On one hand, the intraoperative three - dimensional imaging after transpedicular positioning of kirschner - wire (k - wire); on the ... |
Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response of the heart that preserves cardiac pump function under adverse conditions, and prolonged hypertrophy is one of the major predictors of heart failure [1, 2]. Previous studies demonstrated that endothelin-1 (et-1) plays a critical role in the induction of myocyte hypertrophy [... |
Drug reactions are unwanted reactions of the body that occur following the administration of drugs and that are not characteristic of the desired pharmacodynamic effects . The pattern of drug reactions and the offending drugs show changing trends with the introduction of newer drugs . Drug reactions are most often unde... |
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