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For many years, diseases of the circulatory system have constituted the primary cause of mortality in western countries, including poland . Reports of the world health organization indicate that they are responsible for approximately 40% of all deaths in europe (men: 36.2%, women: 43.3%). According to the department of... |
Infliximab (ifx) is the firstly introduced biologic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) and its successful efficacy for the patients with methotrexate (mtx) resistant ra has been proven over ten years [13]. On the other hand, serious opportunistic infection and reactivation of pathogens, such as tuberc... |
Animals: twenty - one 8- to 16-year - old mixed - breed and purebred female cats with body weights of 2.3 to 8 kg that had undergone bilateral radical mastectomy were used in this study . After general and mammary gland examinations, all the cats had a thoracic radiograph and abdominal ultrasound scan, and their mammar... |
Undaria pinnatifida (harvey) suringar, a brown alga endemic to korea, japan and china, has extended its geographical distribution to the shores of europe through introduction for aquaculture, and to new zealand by maritime traffic (yamanaka and akiyama 1993; castric - fey et al . 1999).moreover, u. pinnatifida is impor... |
Dabigatran etexilate (pradaxa), rivaroxaban (xarelto), and apixaban (eliquis) are new oral anticoagulants (noacs) that are approved in north america for reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism after hip or knee replacement and for stroke prevention in non - valvular atrial fibrillation . In addition, rivaroxaban is... |
In contemporary dentistry, the needs of patients are considered in terms of function and dental appearance . The ultimate objective of esthetics in dentistry is to create a beautiful smile and the esthetics of any restoration needs to consider the parameters of surface form, translucency, and shade . The shade of the r... |
To investigate the clinical and diagnostic findings of a patient with acute hydrops using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (as - oct). The as - oct findings of a 43-year - old patient with acute hydrops associated with keratoconus were examined . At the initial examination and during follow - up, evaluatio... |
The role of endoscopic injection of dextranomer / hyaluronic acid copolymer (dx / ha) has expanded, as an alternative to open surgery, to a treatment option for observation protocols using prophylactic antibiotics . Deflux has been fda approved since 2001 as a treatment option for grade 24 vesicoureteral reflux (vur) i... |
Cognitive impairments and memory deficits are common pathological conditions contributing to several neurological diseases such as vascular dementia, alzheimer s disease, and ischemic stroke (1). Cerebral ischemia which is caused by an obstruction within cerebral arteries is often associated with a high incidence of co... |
A 72-year - old male patient with recurrent subcutaneous abdominal wall abscesses was referred to our dermatological inpatient unit at the university hospital in zurich, switzerland . The abdominal skin problems had begun one and a half years before, after subcutaneous insulin injections in the underbelly region had be... |
Superficial mycoses are among the most frequent forms of human infections, affecting more than 2025% of the world's population . They are predominantly caused by a group of closely related keratinophilic mycelia fungi (dermatophytes) in the genera of trichophyton, microsporum, and epidermophyton . These groups of fungi... |
Numerous reports have described the benefits afforded by leveraging unique human cognitive capabilities in the areas of pattern recognition and higher - order reasoning to interpret complex data sets, such as those commonly encountered in health care.17 such benefits include improved abilities to identify important pat... |
Adnexal masses are detectable in 14% of all pregnancies [1, 2]. Among the causes of adnexal masses in pregnancy, paratubal cysts (ptc) they may be classified as either non - neoplastic simple cysts or cysts of neoplastic origin . The simple ptcs are considered to originate from the mesothelium of embryonic remnants of ... |
There are few case reports of corporal abscess in males, which are usually caused after trauma, intervention or infection.12 these were managed with either incision and drainage or percutaneous aspiration . We are reporting an unusual case of spontaneous emphysematous periurethral abscess which involved the bilateral c... |
The inchianti study is an epidemiological, population - based study of randomly selected older people living in the chianti area, tuscany, italy . The study was designed to identify risk factors for late - life disability, as previously described (13). Briefly, participants were selected from the city registries of gre... |
Splenic tumors are rare and can be caused by a wide range of benign and malignant conditions including cysts and abscesses, granulomatous processes, castleman s disease, angiosarcoma, teratoma, lymphoma, and metastatic carcinoma . Inflammatory pseudotumors (ipt) are uncommon, yet important lesions to consider in the di... |
National health expenditures in the united states topped $1.5 trillion in 2002, with outlays expected to exceed $2.8 trillion (17 percent of the gross domestic product) by 2011 (heffler et al . Governmental programs pay nearly one - half of these costs, but individuals also spent roughly $227 billion out - of - pocket ... |
Return to aviation duties following stapedectomy or stapedotomy has been controversial within the aeromedical community for the past 40 years . In many countries, especially in military, concerns with barometric pressure changes causing a perilymph fistula have led to policy that prevents return to flying duties for av... |
The discovery that the proto - oncogene, bcl-2, which is the founding member of the bcl-2 family of proteins, regulates cell survival or apoptosis initiated an entire field of research . The bcl-2 family now numbers at least 15 members in mammals, each of which has distinct anti- and pro - apoptotic roles . It is their... |
In modern western society, chronic stress is a major public health problem as it increases the risk of stress - related ill health and diseases (perski 2006; shirom 2003). In sweden, stress - related health problems, such as emotional exhaustion and clinical burnout, are among the most common diagnoses for long - term ... |
Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity amongst minority groups has increased steeply over the past decades [13]. This is particularly so for previously traditional societies such as the american indians [4, 5], alaska natives, canadian inuits, papua new guineans, pacific island nations [7, 8], and aboriginal and torres s... |
Il-6 is apleiotropic cytokine having a central role in the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses . It is secreted by different cell types including macrophages, t and b lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and cancer cells . Il-6 has been known to exert its biological activities through binding to its... |
It is estimated that 2040% of the general population and 5090% of obese people have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) [1, 2]. The presence of nafld has been described as an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease [35], and it often accompanies other obesity - related diseases such a... |
Although it was first used only by researches, now is used by everyone to deliver time - sensitive information . Many rehabilitation disciplines and many families of disabled people use it to obtain their necessary information regarding a disability . The recent growths in the number of websites, which are specifically... |
A total of 20 female elite karate athletes were recruited from two major karate clubs in tehran . Adolescents took part in three or four training sessions each week, depending on the league calendar . Each session lasted 90 to 120 minutes, including warm - up, technical instructions, kumite (i.e. Combat work outs), and... |
Gaucher disease is an autosomal, recessively inherited, lysosomal storage disorder due to the deficiency of the glucocerebrosidase enzyme, as a consequence of mutations in the acid -glucosidase (gba) gene (nm_000157; np_000157), . These mutations include multiple pathologic variants in the coding region of the gene, sp... |
Granuloma inguinale (gi) (donovanosis) is an acquired chronic, slowly progressive, mildly contagious disease of venereal origin, caused by klebsiella (calymmatobacterium) granulomatis a gram - negative encapsulated rod characterized by granulomatous ulceration of the genitalia and neighboring sites, with little or no t... |
Become familiar with previous evidence on the association between benzene exposure and myelodysplastic syndrome (mds).summarize the findings of the new hospital - based case - control study, including subtype - specific mds risks.identify mds subtypes and cell types that do and do not appear to be related to benzene ex... |
The relationship of oral health with general health, quality of life, and feelings of social well - being is demonstrated . Historically dental caries and periodontal diseases have been considered as the most important global oral health burdens and the most prevalent oral diseases in several asian and latin american c... |
When maintenance of musculoskeletal balance occurs, the stress and strain on the body are minimized, and this condition is considered proper posture1, 2 . It is well - known that many factors including vision, the cerebellum and vestibular function have an influence on the maintenance of balance3 . In particular, baret... |
The global number of the elderly is projected to rise from an estimated 524 million in 2010 to nearly 1500 million in 2050, with most of this increase in developing countries . The factors underlying this transition are increased longevity, declining fertility, and aging of baby boom generations . There is no united na... |
Progressive organ failure leads to early death in hemizygous male patients, typically at the age of 4050 years, and reduced quality of life in heterozygote patients . In 2001, the european medicines agency (ema) authorized two alfa - galactosidase a preparations for treatment of fd: agalsidase - alfa (replagal shire hg... |
Unlike primary or atp dependent transporters that create the major ionic gradients of k / na / h and cl / co2 ions across cellular membranes harnessing the energy reserved in atp, the secondary transporters utilize the energy available from transmembrane ionic and/or ph gradients and membrane potential to drive their s... |
Breast cancer aggregates in families, the disease being about twice as common in mothers and sisters of cases as it is in the general population . The higher risks of breast cancer for monozygotic than for dizygotic twins of cases suggest that the familial aggregation of breast cancer is mainly due to genetic effects, ... |
Understanding the properties of copper oxygen intermediates proposed for oxidations catalyzed by copper enzymes and other systems is critical for gaining mechanistic insights and developing new catalytic processes . Extensive studies of reactions of o2 and other oxidants with copper complexes has led to the identificat... |
Prolonged use of corticosteroids cause osteoporosis by both decreasing osteoblastic and increasing osteoclastic activity [13]. However, we are reporting here a case of simultaneous bilateral femoral neck fractures and bilateral humeral neck fractures after one episode of seizure . A 36 years old saudi male was brought ... |
Age - related macular degeneration is the most common cause of visual impairment in the individuals over 50 years of age in developed countries . Although the definition of age - related macular degeneration differs in various studies, the condition is generally characterized by extensive drusen, often associated with ... |
Regeneration is defined as the reproduction or reconstitution of a lost or injured a part of the body in such a way that the architecture and function of the lost or injured tissues are completely restored . The complex series of events associated with periodontal regeneration involves recruitment of locally derived pr... |
Late life migraine accompaniments were first described by fisher in individuals whose aura began after the 40th decade . Although there is an evidence supporting the benign nature of this syndrome, it raises diagnostic doubts, particularly because subjects with aura are more likely to suffer silent brain infarcts, epil... |
Polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) characterized by menstrual disturbances and clinical and biochemical manifestations of hyperandrogenism, is the most common gynecological endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age . Familial clustering and studies on the prevalence of syndrome in twins suggest an interaction of geneti... |
High - performance gaas - based quantum dot (qd) lasers are of great interest due to their potential applications in advanced optical fiber communication systems [1 - 9]. The reduced density of states arising from the three - dimensional confinement of carriers give qds the advantages to be able to achieve low threshol... |
Cystic fibrosis (cf) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by multiple organ system dysfunction, primarily affecting the pulmonary and gastrointestinal systems . The cystic fibrosis foundation reports that approximately 30,000 children and adults in the us and 70,000 patients worldwide are afflicted w... |
Cardiac rhabdomyomas represent the most common primary cardiac tumour in children and are strongly associated with tuberous sclerosis complex . We reported a newborn for whom three - dimensional echocardiogram, with multiplane mode, real - time imaging, full volume and i - slice view, allowed detailed visualisation of ... |
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia is characterized by the medullary cavity of bones becoming filled with fibrous tissue, and its etiology remains unknown . Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia may closely mimic the appearance of bony metastatic disease on radiological examinations . Only one case report has distinguished breast c... |
Scientific publications are one of the important indicators of scientific growth of that fraternity . The number of scientific publications contributed by each country toward the global output has become one of the critical indicators for assessing the strength of research in a nation . Developed countries such as the ... |
The stomatognathic system, an integral component of the upper body, may play an important role in postural control . Several studies suggest that spatial relationships between the jaws may influence the distal musculature and induce body postural adaptations . However, perinetti et al . Concluded that mandibular positi... |
Polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) are a type of typical and widespread environmental endocrine disruptors which has been used in many industries . A large number of pcbs still exist in the environment due to their chemical stability and lipophilic properties . They affect human health by damaging multiple organs because... |
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) is a major public health problem affecting men older than 50 years of age (1, 2). In 2008, bph was the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men worldwide with an estimated 899,000 new cases (13% of all new cancer cases) (3 - 7). These tumors can be managed in different ways . De... |
The standard of care for locally advanced cervical cancer consists of external beam radiation therapy (ebrt) with concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy followed by brachytherapy (bt) boost [1, 2]. Until recently, the standard approach for cervical bt consisted of 2d planning with orthogonal x - ray films, prescribing dose ... |
Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver (mhl) is a benign tumor entity constituing the second most common liver tumor in children <5 years . In adults, otherwise bile ducts, liver cells and vessels form well - differentiated structures . In 85% of cases however, recent reports of hamartoma with solid structure and myoid dif... |
Intracranial hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of patients suffering from acute liver injury (ali). Cytotoxic brain oedema, the increase in cerebral blood volume and the increase in cerebral blood flow, in part due to inflammation, to glutamine, and to toxic products of the diseased liver, are ma... |
Cryptococcoma(s), dilated virchow - robin spaces etc ., are the common imaging findings in mri of brain . The rare transient hyperintensity of splenium of corpus callosum in mri has never been documented in cryptococcal meningitis . Here we describe a young immunocompromised girl showing the typical mri finding, otherw... |
Free nonvascularized autogenous bone grafting was the main standard of care for mandibular reconstruction in the past until the advent of microvascular surgery in the early 1970s . Today, this traditional technique for the reconstruction of the mandible is indicated mainly to bridge segmental defects of the mandible wh... |
Prior to the advent and subsequent popularity of the internet, biological databases and scientific publications were necessarily separate entities . However, now that scientists rely on cyberinfrastructure in the course of their daily research, it is startling that databases and publications are still so distinct from ... |
Although it accounts for <5% of patients with lacrimal disease, it can be easily misdiagnosed and insufficiently treated in clinic . Conservative medical therapy for new onset primary canaliculitis has an acceptable rate of success and was considered as a first - line treatment, yet it is often associated with a high r... |
A suite of eight synthetic peptides (aplsfrgslpksyvk: one unmodified, three singly - phosphorylated, three doubly - phosphorylated, and one triply - phosphorylated) were synthesized by alta biosciences (birmingham, uk) and used without further purification . The peptides were diluted to 2 pmol/l in methanol (fisher sci... |
Clinical depression is a devastating, recurrent psychiatric illness that has a lifetime prevalence of 16% . By the year 2030, depression is predicted to become the second leading cause of disability worldwide . Despite its high prevalence and considerable socioeconomic impact, increasing numbers of studies support the ... |
Cis - diamminedichloroplatinum ii or cisplatin (cp), an important antineoplastic drug, is widely used for treatment of solid tumors including head and neck, lung, testis, ovary, and breast tumors (1). Unfortunately, it has some side effects such as ototoxicity, gastrotoxicity, myelosuppression, and allergic reactions .... |
In this month's issue of critical care, truong and coworkers review the data on skeletal muscle dysfunction after acute critical illness . Increasingly recognized, skeletal muscle weakness can be commonplace in the intensive care unit (icu) setting, with a single centre study demonstrating that 25% of patients have mus... |
A total of 16 patients with metabolic syndrome (national cholesterol education program adult treatment panel [ncep atp] iii criteria) and 13 healthy control subjects, approximately matched for sex and age, were recruited for this study . In all patients, waist circumference was> 102 cm in male subjects and> 88 cm in fe... |
Non - accidental injury (nai) is known to be an important cause of major trauma in small children (reference 1 in paper, trauma audit research network (tarn) 2012 report on severe injury in children, reference 2 from the victoria trauma registry, reference 6 from israel). Patients injured as a result of nai are likely ... |
Estimates of carotid stenosis (progressive occlusion of the carotid artery with atherosclerotic plaque) in the general population range from 07.5%, with the prevalence increasing drastically with age (de weerd, 2010). Carotid atherosclerosis is a major precipitant of both symptomatic and asymptomatic (silent) strokes, ... |
Smear layer is an amorphous, irregular entity formed during cleaning and shaping of the root canal space . It contains dentin debris and organic material such as vital or necrotic pulp tissue remnants, bacteria, and their metabolic by - products . It prevents the penetration of intracanal medicaments into dentinal tubu... |
In the last decade, increasing evidence has revealed the role of biometals dysfunctions in alzheimer's disease (ad) (see for a review). Ad is characterized by a progressive degradation of cognitive abilities, inexorably leading to dementia, due to a gradual loss of neurons and synapses . Also sensori - motor deficits a... |
Absorption of water in the kidney tubule depends on the driving force for water reabsorption and osmotic equilibration of water across the tubular epithelium . The majority of glomerular filtrate is constitutively reabsorbed by the proximal tubules and descending thin limbs of henle's loop . The ascending thin limbs, t... |
The general concepts and methods of systems biology become increasingly important in modern microbiology research . In terms of systems microbiology, this approach allows to analyze and describe as a whole the molecular interactions that occur within a microbial cell or community [13]. The complex physiological express... |
After partial hepatic destruction in experimental or clinical context, the initial mass of the organ is restored through compensatory growth of the remnant liver . A complex and yet incompletely elucidated network of cellular interactions (including paracrine, autocrine, endocrine, or nervous pathways) orchestrates the... |
The laboratory studies and urinalysis were normal except for the presence of microscopic hematuria (hemoglobin level: 12.9 g / dl). On ivp, we found a 9 mm stone in the right kidney and no hydronephrosis or renal / ureteral calculous obstruction (fig . We recommended eswl, but she wanted to go to another clinic for pri... |
Malaria caused by protozoan parasite plasmodium is a major human health burden with almost half of the world population at risk . Despite the availability of drugs against malaria, development of resistance against commonly used antimalarials parasite - specific processes such as hemoglobin degradation, parasite egress... |
Over 100 countries provide adverse event (ae) reports to the world health organization uppsala monitoring center through the world health organization programme for international drug monitoring, allowing the uppsala monitoring center to maintain vigibase, a database with approximately 8,000,000 cases.1 another well - ... |
The presence of intraocular eyelashes following penetrating eye injury or ocular surgery is relatively uncommon . We report a case with two intraocular eyelashes and an iris cyst after 2 years of asymptomatic period following penetrating eye injury . A 24-year - old male presented with decreased vision in the left eye ... |
A 68-year - old woman presented with a 9-kg weight loss, low - grade fever, fatigue, abdominal cramping and pain . Her past medical history was notable for crohn disease status post right hemicolectomy 14 years ago, left breast cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ) status post lumpectomy and radiation 5 years ago, and exci... |
Vogt - koyanagi - harada (vkh) disease is a rare multi - systemic inflammatory disorder which affects tissues containing melanin, including eyes, meninges, and skin . The classic clinical course of vkh is divided into three stages: stage 1 (the prodromal stage) includes flu - like symptoms; stage 2 (the acute uveitic s... |
Denture stomatitis, more commonly known as denture sore mouth, is an erythematous condition involving the mucosa of the hard palate in complete denture wearers . Its clinical features include a diffuse or patchy redness of the palate under a denture and confined to the area covered by the denture . This condition is us... |
Dq has been marketed as a veterinary medicine for inhibiting the growth of coccidiosis in the digestive system of poultry for many years without any obvious adverse effects . This compound has been shown experimentally to have efficacy against diarrheal disease caused by cryptosporidium parvum [2, 3]. It has also been ... |
The information about prisoners health in transitional countries including albania is quite limited and unreliable, similar to the situation observed in other developing and transitional settings (1). It should be noted that even in industrialized countries there are concerns regarding the health status and general con... |
The growth hormone is mainly under the control of two hypothalamic neuropeptides acting in opposition: one, the growth hormone releasing hormone (ghrh), as a stimulant, and the other, somatostatin, as an inhibitor [1, 2]. The ghrh specifically bind to its receptor on the plasmatic membrane of the somatotropes; this inc... |
Advanced erosive gout is a manifestation of gout that can have a similar presentation to rheumatoid arthritis,1,2) and can cause fever of unknown origin . This diagnosis can be made by identifying urate crystals through arthrocentesis from a joint with degenerative changes.3) an important risk factor for gout is hyperu... |
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (eps) is a rare but devastating complication of peritoneal dialysis (pd). A variety of associated factors has been identified including long duration of pd therapy, number of peritonitis episodes, use of beta - adrenergic blocking agents and chronic irritation due to acetate - contain... |
A 28-year - old male patient comes with the chief complaints of wishes to get married, worried about his semen . On enquiry, no features suggestive of secondary sexual characteristics (voice cracking, facial hair, body hair). No suggestion of history of atypical genitalia at birth, testicular torsion, trauma, chemother... |
The interaction between several genetic and environmental factors results in a heterogeneous and progressive disorder with variable degrees of insulin resistance and pancreatic -cell dysfunction . Overweight and obesity are major contributors to the development of insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance; when... |
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the usa, but it is a heterogeneous disease and treatment recommendations vary accordingly . The expressions of steroid hormone receptors such as estrogen receptor (er) and progesterone receptor (pr), and the oncogene erbb-2/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (he... |
Predicting prognosis in sepsis is of paramount importance . Clinical assessments and the usual biological surrogates for organ dysfunction are still widely used and help us to provide care for critically ill patients with sepsis in everyday practice . We thus hope to optimize therapies and provide the most appropriate ... |
Flavonoids are an important class of dietary natural products with a range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, uv - protection, antiparasitic, anti - inflammatory, and antifungal [16]. The flavonoids are subcategorised into eight different classes with some of the compounds also exhibiting possible beneficia... |
Animal research was conducted in compliance with the animal welfare act and other federal statutes and regulations relating to animals and experiments involving animals and adhered to the principles stated in the guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, national research council, 1996 . Fifteen healthy, filovi... |
A minimum range of knee flexion of 90 is essential to daily activities with about 67 required in swing phase, 83 in climbing stairs, 90 in descending stairs, and 93 in rising from a chair.1 preoperative range of knee motion, etiology, bmi, patient age, and knee society score are among the most important factors that af... |
Hemiarthroplasty advocates indicate ease of implantation, reduced blood loss, a lower dislocation rate, and the ease of acetabular revision when compared with conventional total hip arthroplasty (tha) [13]. Historically, surgeons have advocated the use of hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of degenerative arthritis, fr... |
In japan s super - aging society, social demands for rehabilitation are increasing . In line with this, the numbers of psychical therapist (pt) and occupational therapist (ot) training schools have rapidly increased to 248 and 182, respectively, and the total numbers of certified pts and ots were 110,000 and 65,000, re... |
Follicular hair unit extraction (fue) has become a popular type of hair transplantation in recent years because of many advantages for both patients and the surgeons . Fue is performed by extracting follicular units with the aid of 1 mm punches and implanting them to the unhaired scalp skin . Although this procedure ha... |
The methods and technologies for preparing dental prostheses have experienced continuous dramatic developments . Especially after the 20 century, as computer - assisted processing was incorporated into dentistry, technologies for producing dental prostheses developed exponentially.1 nonetheless, despite the advancement... |
Liver damage is relatively common in patients affected by hl, but paraneoplastic cholestasis is an uncommon presenting symptom in hl . We report the case of a 38-year - old man who came to our hospital with jaundice, pruritis, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and recurrent episodes of fever without any hepatosplenomegaly... |
It causes loss of positional control that leads to instability, which in turn brings about reduced balancing ability, concentration difficulty, and decreased independence in activities of daily living (adls)2 . One of the goals for rehabilitation of stroke patient is to improve balance and functional movement3 . Balanc... |
Chronic kidney disease (ckd) is one of the most common disorders in cats, especially in older ones for which it represents a major cause of illness and death [1, 2]. Plasma creatinine (pcr) and urea (pu), the most used parameters for assessing renal function in veterinary practice, cannot be used in the early diagnosis... |
Patients with malnutrition have an increased risk of morbidity, mortality, hospitalization, and re - hospitalization [13]. The european society for enteral and parenteral nutrition (espen) defines malnutrition as a disease - related weight - loss, a protein deficiency, or a deficit in specific nutrients . Major factors... |
Modest weight loss (510%) helps to reduce the risk of developing many of comorbidities of obesity, potentially decreases their severity, and has been associated with increased mood and quality of life . Numerous studies have examined the effects of variations in the components of hypocaloric diets used for weight loss,... |
Acetaminophen (apap) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic agent considered safe at therapeutic doses; however, overdose can cause severe hepatotoxicity leading to acute liver failure . At therapeutic doses apap also undergoes cytochrome p450-mediated biotransformation to n - acetyl - p - benzoquinone imine (napqi... |
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