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Rectal foreign bodies can present a difficult management dilemma, because the types encountered vary widely and they can cause not only local trauma to surrounding tissues but also obstruction or perforation that requires surgical treatment . For effective removal, it is important to precisely determine the size, shape... |
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) studies in chronic pain patients have the potential to provide valuable information about the neural mechanisms and efficacy of analgesic therapies, including drug treatments, acupuncture, brain stimulation, distraction tasks, mindfulness meditation, and cognitive - behavior... |
The geriatric population, defined as people over the age of 65, comprised 6.2% of the world population in 1992 and is estimated to reach 20% by 2050 . Aging is associated with numerous chronic illnesses and comorbid conditions [2, 3], polypharmacy and immunosuppressive medications, and changes in the immune system [2, ... |
Obesity elevates the risk of developing a number of diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, certain cancers, and immune - mediated disorders such as asthma [13]. There is also converging evidence that negative mood states and stress create susceptibility to physical illnesses su... |
Development of renal replacement therapies such as hemodialysis (hd), peritoneal dialysis (pd) and renal transplantation in children with end - stage renal disease (esrd) has resulted in improved long - term survival1). However, esrd influences virtually every organ system and thus, has a major impact not only on morbi... |
Retrograde urethrogram (rgu) and voiding cystourethrogram (vcug) are used to define the length and location of urethral stricture prior to surgery . In patients with pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect (pfudd), the bladder neck sometimes fails to open on vcug, leading to erroneous estimation of the stricture le... |
Deprotonation typically takes place exclusively at the carbon atom to yield carbanions that can be considered acrolein acyl carbanion equivalents . The presence of the allene function in the products of nucleophilic addition of carbanions such as 1 and 2 confers reactivity due to the strain inherent in the allene, whic... |
Iliotibial band (itb) friction syndrome is a common overuse injury typically seen in runners, cyclists, and military recruits (1). Magnetic resonance imaging (mri) can show the characteristic imaging findings (2). However, coincidental findings or other accompanying mass lesions on mri have been rarely reported . A few... |
Iron deficiency anemia is thought to affect the health of more than one billion worldwide and it is the most common form of anemia in the developing world . Iron deficiency anemia accounts for most of the anemia cases that occur due to parasitic infections . It is very high in pre - term babies, low birth weight infant... |
Atrial electromechanical delays (aemds) are defined as the time intervals between the atrial electrical depolarization and the initiation or peak of atrial mechanical contraction . It has been shown that prolonged aemds can be used as markers to discriminate patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (paf) from contr... |
We report the case of a 58-year - old woman with intracranial hemorrhage associated with stress - induced cardiomyopathy . Left ventricular dysfunction was confined to midventricular segments, and manifested with transient anterolateral wall aneurysm . Although wall motion was severely impaired in the mid - segments, a... |
Aids - related stigma is formed in social environment . The circumstances in which the patients live l.is likely to internalize the stigmatized attitude in them . According to unaids (2000), in the developing world, the stigma and discrimination is a social and cultural phenomenon which is associated with interaction o... |
A 67-year - old male patient had undergone esophagectomy and intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy for carcinoma of the lower thoracic esophagus 27 months earlier . The original pathologic condition was determined to be moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma invading the lamina propria without lymph node metasta... |
A 25-year - old female patient who earlier had implant placement in relation to 46 and 47 reported to our department for second stage surgery . 1994, in which the attached mucosa at the top of the ridge is moved in a buccal direction at second stage surgery to obtain a papilla like formation and increased bulk of tissu... |
Type 1 insulin - dependent diabetes is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders during childhood and adolescence which greatly influences both the physical and emotional development of individuals and have some long term complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy . According to the latest fi... |
The incidence of prostate cancer in japan has been increasing in recent years . Radiation therapy (rt) has been playing an important role in the curative treatment of prostate cancer, because recent novel rt techniques, such as intensity - modulated radiotherapy (imrt), stereotactic radiotherapy, and particle radiother... |
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, which involves vascular cells, immune system, and several organs . Although leukocytes, endothelial and smooth muscle cells have been shown to play a crucial role in atherosclerotic inflammation, recent evidence also supports a direct activity for the liver, lung, hear... |
The incidence has been estimated to be 2.5 - 5 per 100000 people per year with a prevalence of 35 per 100000 (1). Neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma is a rare subtype of cervical cancer with a high proliferation rate and a marked propensity for regional lymph node metastases and distant metastases, which is similar to i... |
T2 dm is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide and accounts for 9095% of all diabetes cases . It encompasses individuals who have insulin resistance and usually have relative rather than absolute insulin deficiency . However, the underling mechanism of t2 dm is poorly understood, and the present preventi... |
Distance between two genes was defined as the number of base pairs between their gene midpoints . Relative distance refers to the distance of a tsg or a noncancer gene from an oncogene divided by the radius distance . The gene labels were randomly shuffled 10,000 times to generate new positions of oncogenes, tsgs and n... |
It is incidentally found in autopsy specimens and surgical specimens with cryptorchidism and testicular germ cell tumor . This non - neoplastic lesion is usually seated in the mediastinum and septal part of the rete testis . It may present as a very small lesion detected in microscopic examination or a solid - cystic m... |
Non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs (nsaids) are one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in the world for their analgesic and anti - inflammatory properties . However, nsaid has limitation in prescribing because of gastrointestinal (gi) toxicity . Recently, nsaid - induced enteropathy has gained much attention ... |
A consensus has been sought from the data analyses in order to establish a standard for nutritional support in cancer . However, the term " nutritional support " has been applied almost exclusively for the use of total parenteral nutrition, instead of the entire modalities of nutrition intervention, including nutrition... |
Conceptual methods for the correlation of binding affinities with drug structure (3d - qsars) are vital to the drug development process . The approaches include receptor - based methods, e.g., free energy perturbation, the linear response method, and the mining minima approach, and ligand - based methods for unknown re... |
Ad is a progressive and invariably fatal neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of senile dementia . Metabolic imbalance in diseased neurons may contribute to neuropsychiatric symptoms that include delusions and hallucinations, anxiety, mood disorder, and sleep disturbance that are common in ad . Recently we p... |
A 3-year - old, female, spayed, domestic shorthair cat presented for dysuria and haematuria, unresponsive to antibiotic treatment . A small, fleshy ultrasound identified a vaginal mass effect with mixed echogenicity measuring in excess of 3 cm . Vaginoscopy confirmed an extensive, fleshy, irregular mass that was charac... |
We report a case of left adrenal schwannoma in a 62-year - old man, incidentally discovered on an abdominal computed tomography . On admission, no remarkable findings were recognized in the patient's blood and urine examination, including adrenal function . Macroscopically, the tumor (45 mm 30 mm, 60 g) arose from the ... |
Odontogenic tumors of epithelial origin commonly seen in the posterior mandible are often treated with surgical excision . Cantor and curtis provided a hemimandibulectomy classification for edentulous patient that can also be applied in partially edentulous arches . Apart from the deviation of mandible to resected side... |
Commonly used scores include the visual analog scale (vas); short form (sf)-8, sf-12, sf-36; and oswestry disability index (odi). Although these scores have been used extensively to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of surgical interventions, the main drawback of this type of assessment is the inherent subjectivity i... |
A 36-year - old man with an itching and tingling sensation in the left l2 dermatome area for 3 months was referred to our clinic for pain management . The patient did not have significant past medical history, and before coming to the clinic, he had been treated with gabapentin 600 mg 3 times a day by a dermatologist b... |
Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy (accounting for> 92% endocrine malignancy), which can be classified histologically into follicular epithelial cell - derived papillary thyroid cancer (ptc), follicular thyroid cancer (ftc), anaplastic thyroid cancer (atc), and parafollicular c - cell - derived m... |
Why is egypt's hepatitis c (hcv) epidemic so much more intense than elsewhere? Numerous lines of evidence point to the key role that the widespread use of parenteral antischistosomal therapy (pat) played in this regard [1, 2]. However, question marks remain: numerous other countries have experienced similarly intense m... |
Genome sequencing deciphered the number of protein - coding genes, establishing an initial estimation of complexity associated with human molecular biology . Two recent articles described creation of a draft of the human proteome [2, 3]. Nevertheless, considerable efforts are still required for exploring the space (or ... |
The packaging of eukaryotic genomes into chromatin has fundamental effects on gene expression but how this is brought about still remains poorly understood . Histone proteins are highly conserved and are subject to many different posttranslational modifications (ptms) including acetylation and methylation (rando and wi... |
The hormonal regulation of pheromone biosynthesis in moths was first demonstrated in the heliothine helicoverpa zea (raina et al ., 1987) and a peptide isolated shortly thereafter (raina et al ., 1989). Pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (pban) was identified as a 33 amino acid c - terminal amidated peptide... |
The spleen is the greatest single mass of lymphatic tissue that lies between the left kidney, stomach and diaphragm (1). It has three surfaces: diaphragmatic, gastric and renal surface and the two borders: superior and inferior (1). This surface meets gastric and diaphragmatic surfaces respectively on the inferior bord... |
Deviation of nasal septum is a common anatomic variation and the most frequently causes of nasal obstruction (1, 2, 3). The nasal obstruction symptom evaluation scale (nose) has valid, reliable, and responsive instrument that is brief and easy to complete and has potential use for outcomes studies in adults with nasal ... |
Beta - lactamase production is a common mechanism of resistance, particularly among gram - negative organisms.1 carbapenemases are distinct among the beta - lactams; in addition to being able to hydrolyze most penicillins and cephalosporins, they are also able to hydrolyze the carbapenems . There are two biochemically ... |
A 28-year - old pregnant primigravida in her 36th week of gestation was admitted to the labor suite in an early stage of active labor . The patient was diagnosed with kss at the age of 23 years, which was confirmed by skeletal muscle biopsy . Her medical history included pigmentary retinopathy, diabetes mellitus, hypot... |
Teiser relies on calculating mutual information values between whole - genome measurements and millions of predefined structural motifs . The decoy / scrambled experiments and sirna knock - downs were performed using lipofectamin 2000 reagent (invitrogen). For hybridizations, we used human 444k whole - genome human arr... |
Fungal isolate bvk - sma-2 was obtained from a soil sample collected in buffalo valley, oklahoma . A blast analysis of its its sequence data demonstrated that the isolate was 99% identical to b. ochroleuca . For the purpose of comparing its growth and metabolite profiles using two solid - phase culturing techniques, th... |
Benign deep thoracic wall cyst is uncommon; however, operative management using an endoscopic approach should be reserved primarily for symptomatic cases with multiple comorbidities, where multiple attempts at aspiration have failed because it is associated with less postoperative pain, lower morbidity and faster recov... |
The health and economic burden of this disease is very large and with an increasing trend . It is estimated that in the western countries, the prevalence of dm would increase 40 - 45% (1). Diabetes mellitus type 2 is an established risk factor for development of coronary artery disease (cad) especially in women, and ap... |
Ischemic stroke has many causes, clinical presentations, risk factors, courses, and outcomes . Management and prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke is directly related to specific mechanisms of the ischemic stroke . In the acute phase of stroke, the most important predictors of outcome are stroke severity [2, 3] a... |
With rapid and ongoing developments in sample preparation, instrumentation and computational analysis, mass spectrometry - based quantitative proteomics is increasingly emerging as an approach of choice for addressing many aspects of biology . One of the most popular formats of relative quantitative proteomics,(4) stab... |
Kikuchi - fujimoto disease (kfd) is a benign, self - limited, inflammatory disorder, first reported in japan . This condition is more prevalent among women and typically occurs in the third decade of life . It normally manifests as persistent, isolated cervical adenopathy with a recurrence rate of 3% . The identificati... |
The th1/th2 cell dichotomy and the essential role of the cytokine environment in driving their differentiation are well accepted . Interleukin (il)-12, acting via the transcription factors stat4 and t - bet, drives the differentiation of naive cd4 t cells into interferon (ifn)- producing th1 cells, whereas il-4, acting... |
A 61-year - old man came to the hospital complaining of bilateral flank pain . Left flank pain began approximately a month earlier, followed by right flank pain 4 days later . The patient also complained of dyspnea on exertion, urinary frequency, and foamy urine . He was diagnosed with hypertension 15 years prior and h... |
Organochloride insecticides are chlorinated cyclic hydrocarbons with molecular weights in the range of 300 - 550 da . They have a long half - life in the human body, and cause moderate toxicity . One of such insecticides is endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10 - 10 hexachloro 1,5,5a,,6,9,9a - hexahydro-6-methano-2,4,3-hexadithioxant... |
Treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (dtc) is usually a dual step procedure which consists of thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine treatment . The other purposes are evaluating the disease regression by measuring the level of serum thyroglobulin and imaging of physiologic and pathologic radioiodine uptakes with g... |
The nature of one- and two - photon stimulated transition processes in organic molecules is a subject of both scientific and technological interest due to a number of nonlinear optical properties, such as two - photon induced fluorescence (2pf), nonlinear transmittance, two - photon absorption (2pa) processes, and ligh... |
Internal hernia is defined as a fossa or defect of unusual size within a body cavity, into which intestines may intrude and become incarcerated or strangulated . The origins of internal hernias are multiple and include congenital defects, inflammation, infectious processes, trauma, and postoperative defects . Based on ... |
This descriptive cross - sectional study was conducted at a large 1200-bedded tertiary care hospital at pune . A total of 50 consecutive adult hiv seropositive individuals were included in the study after obtaining informed consent . The minimum age was 24 years, and the maximum age recorded was 73 years hiv seropositi... |
Approximately, 12% of children and adolescents in china are overweight according to the latest report . The prevalence of overweight is even higher in big cities; for example, in shanghai, 49.1% of boys and 30.8% of girls were reported to be overweight . In parallel with the prevalence of obesity, nonalcoholic fatty li... |
We analyzed passive surveillance data on hca cases reported to the national center for disease control and public health (tbilisi, georgia) during 20102012 . Self - reported source of infection was ascertained from categorical responses that included butchering / slaughtering cattle, handling / preparing meat, performi... |
Multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic disease that is associated with demyelination of neurons and affects the myelin sheath of neurons in the central nervous system.the cause of this disease is still unknown, but it seems that activation of immune mechanisms against myelin antigen is involved in this regard . Ms usuall... |
For this study a priority intervention is one that has been shown, based on the best scientific data available, to deliver large population health benefits at a relatively low cost . Population - wide interventions, many of which are based on the implementation of healthy public policies, legislation and regulation tha... |
Recent advances in stem cell research have brought the possibility of using somatic stem cells for organ regeneration one step closer to realization . Newly developed organs can then be used in clinical organ replacement . However, anatomically complicated organs such as the kidney have proven more refractory to stem c... |
A significant cause of medical error in health care is poor communication [1, 2]. For the past three years, miscommunication has been identified as one of the most frequently identified root causes of sentinel events reported to the joint commission, with 82% of the sentinel events in 2010 identifying communication as ... |
Nucleotide sequences diverge over time due to the combined effects of point mutation and homologous recombination . Recombination events cause changes to regions of contiguous bases in single events and were generally assumed to be rare in bacteria . However, there is growing evidence that homologous recombination has ... |
Dens in dente is a developmental malformation incident due to the in folding of enamel and dentin or an accentuation of the lingual pit of an incisor before calcification sets in . Various causes of this condition have been proposed which include focal growth retardation (kronfeld 1934), infection (fischer 1936, spraws... |
Silicosis is a fibrotic disease of the lungs caused by the inhalation and deposition of free crystalline silicon dioxide (sio2) or silica in the lung tissue1 . Silica exposure has long been a well - known occupational hazard in sandblasting, tunnelling, mining, but also in a range of other professions . Although silica... |
An 18-year - old female patient presented with inability to open both eyes for 6 weeks . She had a history of fever from malaria 2 months back for which she was treated with oral chloroquin phosphate 500 mg . She developed erythematous papular eruptions on the trunk, mouth, and limbs along with pain, redness, and water... |
Primary teeth injuries are common in young children due to their lack of muscle coordination in the early years of life.14 these injuries primarily affect anterior primary teeth; as a result of the resilient bone surrounding the primary teeth, these injuries are usually luxations.2,57 for laterally luxated teeth with n... |
Equimolar amounts of each of the naturally occurring amino acids was used to a total of 10-fold molar excess . Cysteine was not included in this mix and arginine was used at 1.5 molar concentration to compensate for previously observed low incorporation of this amino acid (4). The randomness of the peptide mixture was ... |
Ige mediated anaphylactic reaction can result in clinical symptoms ranging from mild cutaneous effects (grade i) to cardiac arrest from profound hypotension and circulatory collapse (grade 4) terr classification . To date we are unable to predict the severity of these reactions from the ige levels alone or the allergen... |
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (esd) is a standard treatment for early gastric cancer (egc) that does not have any risk of lymph node or distant metastases . The indication for esd is determined by the lesion size, shape, ulceration, depth of invasion, and histologic differentiation . Here, we report a case of egc th... |
More than 95% of thyroid cancers originate from thyroid follicular epithelial cells . Among the well - differentiated forms, papillary thyroid carcinoma (ptc) is the most prevalent one, accounting for 7580% of cases, followed by the follicular thyroid carcinoma (ftc), which represents approximately 1015% of all thyroid... |
Jarid2 (jumonji, at - rich interactive domain 2) is the founding member of the jumonji family of proteins that can demethylate histones, although jarid2 itself is unable to do so (klose et al ., 2006; landeira and fisher, 2011). Jarid2 was discovered in 1995 as a regulator of neural development in a gene trap screen in... |
Patients who underwent maxillectomy due to benign or malignant tumor, will have defect in palatal area . Because of this defect, patients will be more likely to have oro - nasal communication, change of facial profile, difficulty in speaking, mastication, and even deglutition . To overcome these problems, surgical inte... |
Polymyositis is a rare and gradually progressive autoimmune disease of skeletal muscle.1 two main types of renal involvement have been described: acute tubular necrosis related to rhabdomyolysis and glomerulonephritis.2 previous reports have demonstrated glomerular proteinuria in polymyositis; however, overflow protein... |
Since iron deregulation is relevant for alzheimer's disease (ad), in this review we focus on the relevance of iron metabolism regulation, particularly in the central nervous system (cns). Iron accumulation occurs in specific brain areas that are affected in ad patients, such as the hippocampus and the cortex (crichton ... |
Giant cell tumors commonly occur around the knee joint in the age group of 20 - 30 years . Management of large bone defects after resection is a challenge and is of ten complicated with non - union of grafts, infection and delayed weight bearing . A 37-year - old male presented with an aggressive recurrent giant cell t... |
The rapid growth of technological possibilities in health care is accompanied by a growing need to determine an emerging technology s desirability before it is introduced in the health care system . In the 1970s and 1980s health technology assessment (hta) was developed as a way to facilitate collective decision making... |
Darwin referred to the rapid success of flowering plants in evolution as an' abominable mystery' . A great deal of this success relies on the peculiar ways of sexual reproduction that they have evolved . The facts that delight us and spark our curiosity about the sexual behavior of animals, in fact the essence of many ... |
Levamisole, an anthelmintic agent that targets the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, is usually used as an immunostimulant in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) to treat colorectal cancer since 1990 . It has been shown that combination of these two drugs decrease the risk of clinical recurrence and to increase sur... |
Most of our current knowledge about the central nervous system (cns) and neural function in patients with neurological diseases has been obtained from postmortem tissues that often represent the end stage of the disease . The inability to sample live cns tissues impedes our progress to understand aspects of the neuropa... |
Demineralization or white spot lesion (wsl) development in the enamel in association with orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances remains a well - known clinical problem for dental specialists . Various methods how to prevent its formation are discussed in the literature, but still it is not determined which one is... |
Prescribing psychotropic medication in pregnancy is a complex issue involving assessment of the risk of leaving an untreated psychiatric illness with its attendant complications versus the risk of adverse effects on the fetus . Olanzapine, one of the 2 generation antipsychotics, is a category c drug and there is no une... |
Equilibrium simulation of molecular systems entails sampling of conformations from the appropriate distribution corresponding to a thermodynamic ensemble, such as the boltzmann distribution for the isothermal canonical ensemble . Given a potential energy function that describes the interatomic interactions, equilibrium... |
It is now widely recognized that many rna molecules are predisposed to forming complexes with proteins by fluctuating spontaneously through an ensemble of structural states . Protein recognition is referred to as conformational capture . A description of the physical principles involved in forming rna protein complexes... |
Cellular genomes are constantly exposed to various sources of dna damage (ciccia and elledge, 2010, hanawalt, 2015, hoeijmakers, 2009, jackson and bartek, 2009), threatening not only genome stability, but also the integrity of chromatin organization (adam et al ., 2015, lukas et al ., 2011, the basic unit of chromatin ... |
Critical limb ischaemia (cli) needs straight line blood flow to the foot for adequate revascularization . Five - year follow up on cli revascularization with either an endovascular or open surgery first approach showed that both methods had equivalent limb salvage rates and amputation - free survival in properly select... |
Chronic myeloid leukemia (cml) is a myeloproliferative disorder of blood stem cells.1 the causative molecular defect is the bcr - abl protein, which is encoded by the philadelphia chromosome (ph).2 this genetic anomaly arises from an exchange of genetic material between chromosomes 9 and 22, which results in the fusion... |
Atopy is characterised by a tendency to mount immunoglobulin e (ige)-mediated, type i hypersensitivity reactions to allergens . 10 - 20 percent of the population are affected by atopy and the prevalence of atopic diseases in children and adults has increased in these countries from the 1970s (asher et al ., 2006 althou... |
A total of 4 representative aquatic plants, eleocharis kuroguwai ohwi (belonging to the order cyperales), hydrocharis dubia backer (belonging to the order psammophytes), salvinia natans all . (a pteridophyte belonging to the order polypodiales), and zizania latifolia turcz . (a gramineous plant, belonging to the order ... |
Pgp 9.5 is a ubiquitin - carboxyl hydrolase that is expressed in nerve tissues from mice brains at all stages of differentiation, and thus it has been regarded as an universal cytoplasmic marker for neuroendocrine cells and neuroendocrine tumors (nets) since the 1980s . However, pgp 9.5 has not gained popularity as a d... |
Etomidate is a popular anesthetic agent since it is associated with hemodynamic stability, minimal respiratory depression, cerebral protection, and rapid recovery after either a single dose or a continuous infusion . The mechanism of myoclonus is not clear and does not seem to be associated with seizure - like electroe... |
Metabolic syndrome refers to a cluster of known disorders that increase the risk for morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (cvd) and type 2 diabetes [1, 2]. Metabolic syndrome is defined as the occurrence of 3 of any of the 5 following factors: obesity, elevated triglyceride (tg), low hdl - c, elevated bl... |
The incidence of tooth abnormalities in children with cleft lip and palate is higher than that in children without clefts3,5,16 . Tooth abnormalities reported in the literature are related to the number, size, shape and eruption of teeth3,8,16 . Disturbances involving anomalies in tooth eruption are called ectopia and ... |
C c bond activation / functionalization recently merged a useful method for synthesizing complex scaffolds from relatively simpler starting materials . C bonds was first reported by liebeskind using a stoichiometric co - complex (fig . Seminal work by murakami / ito described intramolecular insertions of styrene - type... |
Although dental caries significantly decreased in the western countries, it is still considered a major public health problem affecting, in the form of early childhood caries (ecc), most of the preschool children in many countries world - wide . The american academy of pediatric dentistry defined ecc as the presence of... |
Feigned illness with the goal of receiving medical treatment for its own sake is known as munchausen's syndrome . The syndrome is named after baron von munchausen (1720 - 1791) by asher in 1951 . These patients have dramatic, but nonexistent symptoms and demand radical treatment . A similar entity of symptoms is often ... |
The harmony of the smile is determined not only by the shape, the position, and the colour of teeth but also by the gingival tissues it is one of the several developmental or acquired deformities and conditions that manifest in the periodontium . It is an aesthetic concern that can affect a large portion of the populat... |
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