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We investigated field cases of fulminating disease among 5 flocks of guinea fowl in france during 2010 and 2011; in all cases, the birds clinical signs were limited to severe prostration, a dramatic decrease in water and feed consumption, and a daily death rate of up to 20% . From each affected flock livers, spleens, p... |
About 75% of these primary cardiac tumors are benign tumors such as myxoma, lipoma, papillary fibroelastoma and rhabdomyoma ., we would like to report a young male patient showing symptoms of mitral stenosis who was later diagnosed with a primary cardiac osteosarcoma a 23-year - old man was referred to our clinic becau... |
Organ transplantation as a means of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is a true reflection of both the advances and current limitations in the practice of medicine . A 33-year - old housewife, who had been diagnosed to have end - stage renal disease (esrd) in august 2007, and had subsequently... |
Brucellosis remains one of the world s most significant zoonotic diseases still widely distributed globally in both animals and humans, with effective control and/or eradication achieved in only some of the most developed countries (1). While over 500,000 new human cases a year are reported globally (2), the nonspecifi... |
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00421 - 014 - 3080-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users . Although sphingoid base-1-phosphates represent only a minor portion of the cellular sphingolipid pool, they are potent bioactive lipids . In mammals, sphingoid base-1-phosphat... |
Hemangioma is the commonly found benign neoplasm involved on head and neck.1 - 3) it is also one of the most common benign vasofomative neoplasms of mainly infancy and childhood.4 - 6) according to the previous studies, hemangiomas are classified into capillary, cavernous, and miscellaneous forms like verrucous, venous... |
This was a prospective study from july 2009 to december 2010 including noncritical, nonsurgical adult patients admitted to vall dhebron university hospital, barcelona, spain, who, due to their condition, required short - term jejunal administration of en . The flocare bengmark njt (nutricia, amsterdam, the netherlands)... |
It's male preponderance has been linked to increased exposure to the risk factors of malignancies rather than an inherent gender predilection . The etiology is unknown but has been strongly associated with frequent exposure of laryngeal mucosa to wide varieties of ingested and inhaled exogenous carcinogenic agents . To... |
Multifactor character of etiopathogenesis of bronchial asthma results in significant hereditary variability of phenotypic traits . It should be emphasized that there is no single - gene model of asthma heredity, and the correlation of changes within a single gene with the clinical presentation is difficult to determine... |
Soft tissue defects of the posterior heel present difficult reconstructive problems due to the bony prominence, limited availability of local tissue, requirement for thin, pliable tissue and the limitations imposed by donor site morbidity . Also, the recipient sites are stimulated continuously by footwear . The calcane... |
Although the incidence of gastric cancer is declining, the incidence of esophagogastric junction (egj) tumors is increasing (1 - 3), and these trends are evident both in the east asian and the western countries (4 - 6). According to the siewert classification system, siewert type i tumors are defined as adenocarcinomas... |
Gallstone disease is a common presentation in secondary care, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the most commonly used procedure for this condition with> 60 000 procedures being carried out per year in the nhs . The timeframe between the initial cholecystectomy and development of complications can be variable with ca... |
Dm is the most common metabolic disorder worldwide and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (cvd). It is estimated that the incidence of diabetes will be 366 million by the year 2030 (2). Many risk factors for cvd, including hyperglycemia, abnormal lipid profiles, and alterations in inflammatory mediators,... |
The aging phenomenon and the growing proportion of the elderly have started in many of developing countries like iran . While the proportion with 60 years and over comprised 5.4% of total population of iran in 1975, it is predicted that it will increase to 10.5% in 2025 and to 26% in 2050 [1, 2]. The growing number of ... |
Metastatic disease in the breast is an unusual event, and even more so is metastasis of the colon to the breast . Metastatic spread to the breast has an incidence of 0.5 to 3% from extramammary sites . Occasionally, a breast metastasis may be the first indication of a malignant neoplasm in the breast, and can masquerad... |
Dynamic changes of cytosolic ca level under physiological conditions are essential for cellular signalings of protein synthesis and signal transmission of neurons in central nervous system (cns). However, due to its cytotoxic effects, excessive influx of ca and subsequent rapid elevation of [ca]i can induce irreversibl... |
Does the computer - driven prediction of fluid requirement spell the beginning of the end for the intensivist's daily management of the critically ill patient? Does it instead represent a useful adjunct to fluid balance assessment in the critically ill? In the previous edition of critical care, celi and coworkers descr... |
One of the most beautiful examples is its machinery for polyketide synthesis where a simple thioester is passed from one module to another, undergoing enzyme - catalysed acylation, dehydration, reduction or chain extension, multiple times until the target molecule is formed . The process amounts to a molecular assembly... |
A common and fundamental objective in class ii orthodontic correction is the establishment of a class i molar relationship.1,2 to this end, it is important to identify whether higher occlusal contacts are achieved more with a class i than class ii molar relationship . Furthermore, it is essential to determine whether d... |
Epidermoid cysts represent the most common cutaneous cysts . Their histogenesis is still unclear although they are probably formed by several mechanisms, including remnant ectodermal tissue that migrates incorrectly during embryogenesis, occlusion of the pilosebaceous unit or traumatic or surgical implantation of epith... |
The pathophysiology of mediastinal lymphadenopathy is multifactorial with both benign and malignant diseases causing their presentation . Examples of benign diseases include reactive lymphadenopathy and granulomatous diseases (e.g., sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, histoplasmosis). Malignant diseases include metastatic sprea... |
Developments in both basic immunology and tumor biology have increased our knowledge of the interactions between the tumor cells and the immune system . Collectively referred to as the tumor microenvironment (tme), cancers are complex tissues that are comprised of malignant cells and a multitude of stromal cells, such ... |
The currently accepted management of advanced stage ovarian cancer is primary debulking surgery (pds) followed by chemotherapy . Many studies have shown that pds is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates . The morbidity is particularly higher in patients with extensive intraabdominal disease and poor genera... |
The u.s . Surgeon general released the report on oral health in america in 2000 celebrating progress in improving overall oral health nationwide; the report also identified a silent epidemic of poor oral health that disproportionately affects vulnerable populations [1, 2]. Low - income children living in rural communit... |
The cyp2c19 is a clinically important drug metabolizing enzyme encoded by polymorphic cyp2c19 gene on chromosome 10, playing a major role in metabolizing about 5% of the clinically used drugs [15]. Owing to genetic polymorphisms, considerable interindividual about 43 variant alleles of cyp2c19 have been reported till d... |
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. |
As the proportion of long term survivors increases because of development of more effective systemic treatment options in breast cancer patients, side effects such as chemotherapy induced amenorrhea becomes more prominent [1, 2]. By definition, chemotherapy induced amenorrhea (cia) is the cessation of menses within one... |
The brain circuitry supporting itch sensation is an active topic of research . While numerous studies have investigated and described pain - related brain mechanisms (apkarian et al ., 2005; henry et al ., 2011), much less is known about the brain circuitry involved with itch in spite of the clinical relevance of this ... |
Periodontitis has been described as a probable risk factor for evoking a procoagulant state mediated by periodontal pathogens and its bioactive products, which contributes to an induction of a low - grade systemic inflammation that complies with a transient repeated bacteremia . On the other hand, endothelial dysfuncti... |
Celem pracy jest okrelenie przydatnoci badania usg z wykorzystaniem gowicy wysokiej czstotliwoci w pooperacyjnej ocenie skutecznoci zastosowanego leczenia . Materia pracy stanowi grupa 62 pacjentw (50 kobiet i 12 mczyzn w wieku od 28 do 70 lat; rednia wieku 55,2 roku) operowanych z powodu zkn . U wszystkich wykonano ba... |
Congenital arteriovenous fistula (avf) represents one of the most difficult diseases to diagnose and treat despite medical advances . It is characterized by an abnormal communication between an artery and a vein, which might be congenital in origin or even acquired . It is a rare anomaly that may occur anywhere in the ... |
Of is a benign neoplasm of bone that has the probable for excessive growth, bone destruction, and recurrence . Juvenile of (jof) is an expansile intraosseous lesion of the jaw that outdoes odontogenic lesions, seldom seen in patients <15 years of age . Jof is a broad term used to define two distinct histopathological v... |
Synovial hemangioma is a developmental hamartoma of vascular tissue within the synovium; no cases involving the shoulder girdle have been described in the literature . Synovial chondromatosis is a benign condition in which synovial cells undergo metaplasia into hyaline cartilage and is also thought to infrequently affe... |
Iran experienced a significant development in all branches of science especially in medical science over the recent decades . According to the 2009 january update of essential science indicators (esi) iran has achieved rising star status in three fields of clinical medicine, microbiology, and biology and biochemistry .... |
Khat is an evergreen plant grown in the regions around the horn of africa and the southern arabian peninsula . Fresh leaves and shoots of the khat plant contain an alkaloid chemical known as cathinone which has psychoactive effects comparable to amphetamine . Since the 13th century, populations in these regions have en... |
Snakes are included in one of the most diverse groups of reptiles in the world, with over 3100 known living species . Only two families (elapidae and viperidae) show venomous species, those that produce toxins in specialized glands . Snakes belonging to viperidae family and crotalus genus are represented in brazil by a... |
Plantar fascia is a connective tissue on the bottom of the foot which connects heel bone to toes . It functions to maintain the medial arch of the foot and help in absorbing shocks, in addition, to keep tract with the windlass mechanism during walking . Heel pain is commonly due to a condition known as plantar fasciiti... |
Ankylosing spondylitis (as) is a chronic inflammatory disease of multifactorial impact to the patient . Pain, stiffness, and fatigue are common symptoms affecting the patient's function, activity, and participation in society [1, 2]. Inflammation mainly affects the spinal joints, which may lead to imbalance in the cost... |
To describe a case of bilateral cytomegalovirus retinitis (cmvr) in an immunocompromised infant . A 4-month - old male infant with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome was examined for the presence of cmvr . The child had bilateral cmvr, with a fine granular pattern, present both in the peripheral retina and poste... |
We obtained institutional review board approval at our hospital for conducting a retrospective review of patient medical and imaging records . Written consent for the procedure was obtained from all the patients after a discussion about the advantages and risks of the procedure . From november 1996 to march 2006, we pe... |
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd), is a syndrome of inattention, disruptive behavior, restless overactivity, impulsivity, and other deficit of executive function (1). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common childhood onset psychiatric disorders, affecting 5%-12% of children worl... |
The chief of critical care walks into the chief executive officer's office to discuss the proposal to purchase a new electronic order entry system for medications . The chief does not feel any justification is needed beyond' it is simply good for patient care' . The administrator wants a business plan outlining the nee... |
First, we counted the number of page views at a unique internet address (printed only on the t - han and unlikely to be indexed in search engines, which redirected to cdc s haiti cholera web page). Second, on january 1011, 2011, a voluntary 5-question survey was administered to travelers from haiti at the miami airport... |
Autoimmune pancreatitis is rare and appears in two different clinical entities, which are mainly differentiated by histological features . Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis belongs to the immunoglobulin g4 (igg4)-related diseases which are immune - mediated and share clinical, pathological and serological features . These... |
Myopia is one of the most common ocular disorders in the world, and the myopic population has been growing significantly in southeast asia in recent years [26]. The costs of examinations and surgical corrections of myopia are significant, and this disorder has been associated with other pathological eye conditions, suc... |
As a deoxycytidine analogue that interferes with dna synthesis, gemcitabine (2,2-difluorocytidine, dfdc) is a potent anticancer drug against an unusually broad spectrum of solid tumors . It is an fda - approved first - line therapy for advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer as a single agent, a first - line therapy f... |
Thoracotomy causes severe postoperative pain and a marked impairment of deep breathing and coughing which leads to postoperative complications such as atelectasis, hypoxemia, pneumonia, and respiratory insufficiency (1). Effective analgesia to minimize the impairment of respiratory function and to prevent respiratory c... |
Overwintered sclerotia were collected from surface of soil under mulberry trees in six locations in korea during february in 2006 and 2007 . The sclerotia were placed in 250 ml - flasks with sterile wet sand and incubated at 15 for 10~30 days in alternating cycles of 12-hr fluorescent light and 12-hr darkness to induce... |
Brain death is a common unfortunate clinical entity encountered in day to day practice of intensive care . It is defined as irreversible loss of all functions of brain including brainstem and is established with the presence of three essential findings of coma, absence of brainstem reflexes and apnoea . This scenario i... |
Cigarette smoking continues to be the single greatest preventable cause of disease and death in the united states . The us federal government's first nationally - representative survey of cigarette smoking and other tobacco use behaviors took place in 1955 as a supplement to the us census . Since then federally sponsor... |
Extended spectrum beta - lactamase - producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl - eb) represent a major health problem because of their multiple resistances to antibiotics . Treatment options are limited, often using the carbapenems, cephamycins, fosfomycin, furans, and colimycin [14]. The results of clinical studies suggest t... |
Multiple epidemiological studies have already shown an association between obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (osahs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus . A recent study reported that osahs increased the rate of type 2 diabetes among a cohort of 4000 community residents even when controlled for obesity . Although, the... |
Induced abortion has a history of twenty thousand years and occurs in all countries, regardless of racial, religious, social, and economic differences . Although induced abortion has been the topic of widespread public and political debate, the causes of induced abortion are the issues which have received less attentio... |
The life expectancies of patients who have received heart, lung, kidney, liver, or bone marrow transplants have improved substantially in recent years, partly due to improvements in surgical techniques and the immunosuppressive drug therapies used to prevent transplant rejection . From 1992 to 2009 in chile, there have... |
Primary appendiceal adenocarcinomas is very rare malignant neoplasm accounting for 0.05% to 0.2% of all appendectomies and only 6% of all malignant tumors of appendix . It is hard to be diagnosed since adenocarcinoma of appendix usually presents as acute appendicitis . Moreover, appendicitis resulting from ileocecal tu... |
Diabetes of injury has been shown to result in increased mortality rates during critical illness, necessitating targeted blood glucose control according to numerous international guidelines, irrespective of the presence of diabetes mellitus (dm). Interestingly, acute hyperglycemia (induced by stress), hypoglycemia, and... |
A total of 204 histologically - proven ptc patients who underwent surgical resection of the thyroid between may 2008 and december 2010 at the korea university guro hospital were included in this study . Papillary microcarcinoma (tumor size 1 cm) patients were not included in this study . All patients underwent standard... |
Additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article: video s1. |
Although it is no longer the most common form of esophageal carcinoma in western societies, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (escc) continues to be the most prevalent type of esophageal cancer in the east . It represents 90% of all cancers in most asian, african, and eastern european countries.1 most of the esccs are... |
A female gender assignment is easy, but as they are genetically males, a male gender assignment is appropriate . A 2-year - old child was referred with an absent phallus, well - developed scrotum, and normally descended testicles [figure 1]. In neonatal period, the baby was passing urine from the anus and after 1 week ... |
A 30-year - old male poet, desert dweller called qais, complained that intense love was driving him to madness . At the age of ten, while taking his family goatherd to a grass area at the periphery of his town, he met a girl of his age, who also was taking her family's goats to graze . After several such a daily meetin... |
In recent years, the destruction of the ozone layer in the earth s atmosphere has led to an increased risk to human, plant, and animal life . Since ultraviolet (uv) radiation triggers the formation of free radicals, the long - term exposure of human skin to uv radiation can result in health issues, such as aging, dna d... |
Acute kidney injury (aki) occurs in one third to two thirds of patients in the intensive care unit (icu) [1 - 7]. The majority of clinical studies in icu patients have found that aki was associated with increased in - hospital mortality . We can only speculate why even small increases of serum creatinine lead to worse ... |
Because of their high esthetic properties, adhesively luted inlays and onlays, laminate veneers, and full ceramic crown restorations, which are generally fabricated using feldspathic-, leucite-, or lithium disilicate - reinforced glassy matrix ceramics, are widely used in dentistry.1 however, in spite of the desirable ... |
During recent years, there has been growing interest in using data mining methods in gene mapping, motivated by the lack of success of the more traditional approaches for complex diseases, and also by the intriguing possibility of simultaneous detection of multiple loci . Although a wide spectrum of computational appro... |
Inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), which is a heterogeneous group of diseases that can be broadly classified into crohn disease (cd) and ulcerative colitis (uc), is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract . Until the late 1990s, the therapeutic goal for ibd was clinical remission.... |
Telephone communication can be rapid but not objective and precise . To add more accurate information to the verbal report, clinical photographs taken by digital cameras were transmitted as downloadable files between computers having modem and telephone link as telemedicine has gained popularity in the late 1990's . Wi... |
There are approximately 518 kinases encoded in the human genome, and they have been demonstrated to play pivotal roles in virtually all aspects of cellular physiology . Dysregulation of kinase activity through numerous mechanisms results in many pathologies, but therapeutically relevant kinases have been extensively in... |
Born out of the description of three seemingly dissimilar cases in 1965, angelman syndrome is a neurological disorder with an estimated prevalence in children and young adults between 1 in 10,000 and 1 in 20,000 . It presents with consistent features of developmental delay, speech impairment, movement or balance disord... |
Carpal tunnel syndrome (cts) is a common disorder of the wrist and hand which, in chronic cases, is characterized by impaired hand function . Some patients may experience loss of strength, but the primary clinical symptoms are pain, a burning sensation, or numbness along the median nerve, localized to the first three d... |
It is estimated that 16 million cases and 600,000 deaths occur each year (1). The typhoid vaccines have been introduced in many countries including india (2). In india, the cost of illness from typhoid fever and vaccine - evaluation studies were also conducted in 1996 in new delhi (3,4). However, india is a vast countr... |
Lipemia retinalis is an unusual retinal manifestation of hyperlipidemia and is thought to be directly correlated with the serum triglyceride level . This paper discusses the case of a 55-year - old patient with lipemia retinalis, which deteriorated his visual acuity . The patient had an extremely high serum cholesterol... |
(1967) as a chronic lung disease of preterm infants who required oxygen supply and mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress1). The introduction of prenatal steroid therapy, gentle ventilation techniques, exogenous surfactant treatment, and intensive treatment of patent ductus arteriosus have minimized seve... |
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) produced by a ruptured intracranial aneurysm (ia) affects about 10/100,000 persons annually (1). And, although significant advances have been made in the treatment of aneurismal sah and vasospasm (2), sah is currently a significant healthcare problem; moreover, delayed ischemic neurologica... |
Alcohol (ethanol), a well described immunomodulatory drug, exerts adverse and inconsistent effects on the inflammatory response depending of its either acute or chronic use as well as the dose . The pathogenesis of alcohol consumption is an important risk factor for several negative clinical outcomes . It has been asso... |
Pulmonary edema is a common complication of diabetes mellitus because of the increased capillary permeability . Severely uncontrolled diabetic state may initiate pathologic events leading to the capillary leak of acute respiratory distress syndrome . Due to the lower level and impaired binding activity of cell - surfac... |
Sepsis is the clinical presentation of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs) to a severe infection . Most clinical and basic - science research on the immune consequences of severe sepsis conducted during the last decades has focused on the roles of macrophages, neutrophils and conventional t lymphocytes . D... |
Chronic kidney disease (ckd) is defined as a slow and steady damage of kidney function in an irreversible manner, which ends in end - stage renal disease (esrd) (1, 2). This chronic disorder is one of the problems of health of society with high prevalence in adults and children . It causes mortality, complications, and... |
It is primarily a central 2 adrenergic agonist and known to cause central nervous system (cns) depression, convulsions, respiratory depression, and bradycardia on severe intoxication . We report a case of a 3-year - old child who presented with accidental ingestion of amitraz solution with signs of severe poisoning . A... |
Traditionally, adult deformity surgery is associated with high - volume blood loss and significant medical complications [13]. Additionally, given the fact that much of the adult deformity population is treated for lumbar degenerative scoliosis, disease processes seen in the elderly such as diabetes mellitus and corona... |
The study participants for whom both genetic and phenotypic data were available consisted of 1,026 mexican americans distributed across 294 mostly nuclear families from vages . Of 294 families, however, 41 were found to be represented by single individuals with triglyceride data . These 41 single, unrelated individuals... |
The recruitment and baseline examination of subjects for the edinburgh type 2 diabetes study (et2ds) have been described previously (11). Briefly, subjects recorded as having type 2 diabetes and aged 6074 years were selected at random by sex and 5-year age bands in years 20062007 from the lothian diabetes register . Th... |
Hemangiopericytoma is an unusual highly vascular soft tissue sarcoma of pericytic origin that commonly affects adults in the fifth or sixth decade of life . Complete surgical removal is the treatment of choice for primary tumour, local recurrence and solitary metastasis . Computed tomography (ct), magnetic resonance im... |
Musculoskeletal ultrasound (mskus) imaging is becoming more and more popular in the evaluation and management of various problems in rheumatology . Its first clinical application in rheumatology was reported in 1974 with the differentiation of a baker's cyst from thrombophlebitis . Mskus has been shown to be helpful in... |
Mortality rates range from 11% to 44%, but this is commonly attributed to the associated polytrauma . Conventional retrograde cystography has been considered the gold standard for investigating such patients [1, 4] and has a reported sensitivity of 100% [1, 36]. More recently, computed tomography (ct) cystography has b... |
In anterior cruciate ligament (acl) reconstruction, hamstring tendon grafts are replacing the popular bone - patellar tendon - bone grafts that have been associated with femorotibial joint pain, loss of extension, and patellar tendon rupture1 - 4). However, tendon - to - bone fixation using hamstring tendon grafts allo... |
Frontal sinus mucoceles are the commonest among all paranasal mucoceles . With introduction of functional endoscopic sinus surgery, surgeons prefer endoscopic management of sinus mucoceles, but lesions that appear in the lateral part of the frontal sinus can be difficult to access and often need external approaches . W... |
Guillain barr syndrome (gbs) is the most common non - polio acute flaccid paralytic illness affecting children in the era of global eradication of poliomyelitis . Gbs is an acute, monophasic, symmetrically progressive, peripheral ascending demyelinating polyneuropathy characterized by rapidly evolving symmetrical limb ... |
Hearing is one of the most significant of human senses . For an individual, it is perhaps the most crucial link in communication with the outside world . Any deficit in it is as frightening for the person as a loss of vision . It is a handicap potentially severe enough to deny a person a normal life and livelihood . Va... |
Ample empirical evidence supports the premise that learning and memory involve reorganization of the neuronal cytoskeleton [13]. Although learning and memory are often considered together, learning is the process by which the nervous system improves its adaptation to the environment, whereas memory represents informati... |
The study, performed during 20092011 with permission from the stockholm regional ethical committee, enrolled 408 female and 82 male youth, 1523 years of age, who visited a large youth clinic in stockholm (5). None had been vaccinated for hpv . In brief, 4,000 female and 800 male youth visit the clinic each year for bir... |
Extracellular signal - regulated ser / thr kinases (erks), belonging to the mapks (mitogen - activated protein kinases) family, are evolutionarily conserved enzymes involved in several biological processes like proliferation, differentiation, inflammation and immune response . Upon activation by different kinases the b... |
Multicellular spheroids of ht-1080 fibrosarcoma cells were embedded within 3d gels of native type i collagen for 3 d. gels were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde/1.5% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 m sodium cacodylate buffer, freeze - fractured, and processed for sem . Images of infiltrating cells and the surrounding ecm were digita... |
In cells, free radicals are generated due to redox process when oxygen is utilized to generate energy . The free radicals constitute a group of reactive oxygen species (ros) such as hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and super oxide anion . Ros are beneficial for cellular responses and immune function at lower concen... |
Histopathological examination done 2 years earlier from a papule on the back had revealed upper dermal noncaseating epitheloid granuloma with langhans giant cell and lymphocytes . Her complete blood count (cbc) showed eosinophilia; the absolute eosinophil count had gradually increased from 2725 cells / mm to 6000 cells... |
Porosities in dental casting alloy can alter physical and mechanical properties of the mental which inturn may lead to failure of crown and bridge, and also cast partial denture prosthesis . In our current economy, it is obligatory that dentists and technicians be cost conscious about the materials they use for fixed p... |
Peptides are involved in a wide number of physiologic and biochemical processes, including metabolism, pain, reproduction, and the immune response . While many naturally occurring peptides are linear compounds, nature also provides us with a wide variety of monocyclic and polycyclic peptides and proteins of all differe... |
During the last three decades and in the shadow of modern public management, public sector accounting has undergone numerous changes and the most obvious one is the accounting reform (1, 2). The majority of the developed countries have moved from cash - based accounting to accrual - based accounting (3). The incentives... |
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