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Diabetic nephropathy (dn) is a widely recognized microvascular complication of diabetes and almost the leading cause of end - stage kidney failure worldwide responsible for morbidity and mortality . Clinical manifestations of dn include initial increase in glomerular filtration (gfr), proteinuria, increased creatinine ... |
Spinal hydatid cyst is one of the rare causes with poorly understood pathogenesis and often misdiagnosed . The presence of parasitic cyst causes compression and patients present either with compressive myelopathy or radiculopathy . Spinal hydatids have classical radiological features on magnetic resonance imaging (mri)... |
Chlorfenapyr is classified as a moderately hazardous pesticide, which has been widely used in eradication of insects over the past 15 years (1). However, chlorfenapyr toxicity in humans has rarely been studied . To date, only 3 cases of human chlorfenapyr intoxication with central nervous system involvement based on ra... |
Non - hodgkin s lymphoma (nhl) has been recognized as a cancer that develops extensively in the lymphatic tissues (the immune system), and can be spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream, making secondary tumours.1,2 patients can acquire aggressive nhl (fast - growing) or indolent (slow - growing) lymp... |
Kallmann syndrome (ks) is a type of isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with anosmia, and which can also present with bone and visceral malformations and nervous disorders . Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism features low plasma concentrations of lh, fsh, and sex steroids due to low luteinizing hormone releasi... |
All yeast strains were based on w303 - 1a (mata ade2 - 1 ura3 - 1 his3 - 11,15 trp1 - 1 leu2 - 3,112 can1 - 100) and are described in supplementary material . Cell growth and cell cycle blocks, samples for flow - cytometric analysis and yeast protein extracts were collected and processed as described previously3 . 1 an... |
It is also associated with lower morbidity and faster recovery . However, placement of nephrostomy tube results in distressing peritubal pain requiring administration of analgesia . Inadequate analgesia can result in delayed mobilization, impaired ventilation, and prolonged hospitalization, which increases cost . Tubel... |
Today it is used for all kinds of cytological material, namely, gynecological and nongynecological exfoliative material as well as fine - needle aspirations . In addition to ethanol, surepath also contains a small amount of formaldehyde (<0.2%). Formaldehyde is a cross - linking fixative which causes epitope masking . ... |
Kaposi sarcoma is a type of multicentric tumor with unclear pathogenesis, which was first described by kaposi in 1872 . Kaposi sarcoma is a highly vascularized tumor that primarily affects the skin; during disease progression it can also spread to lymph nodes and viscera [35]. The occurrence of ks may be associated wit... |
The most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (cah) (95% of all cases) is due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-ohd) resulting from molecular defect in the steroid 21-oh (cyp21a2) gene, with an overall estimated incidence of 1:10,0001:15,000 for the severe classic form and 1:5001:100 live births for the nonclas... |
Malignant priapism due to cancers is a rare condition that only 30 cases of kidney cancers were reported . We report on the first case of simultaneous penile, renal vein, vena cava, liver and ipslateral adrenal gland metastases from primary renal cancer in a 56-year - old man . The only complain of the patient was a hi... |
A wide variety of vascular conduits including the internal mammary artery (i m a), radial artery (ra) and the long saphenous vein (lsv), are available to the cardiac surgeon performing coronary artery bypass graft procedures . These have demonstrated various successes over the years in both long - term patency and over... |
Several exceptionally potent toxins have already been identified from a number of mushrooms (table 1). Mushroom toxidromes are classified according to the toxins involved and clinical presentations (table 1). Mushroom toxins have been divided into seven main categories: amatoxins (cyclopeptides), orellanus (cortinarius... |
Wolff parkinson white (wpw) syndrome is a pre - excitation syndrome caused due to a pathway known as bundle of kent, which is an aberrant pathway between atria and ventricles, bypassing the normal atrioventricular (av) conduction . The av node utilises a calcium - dependent slow inward current, while the accessory path... |
Hashimoto's encephalopathy (he) is an unusual condition associated with autoimmune thyroiditis . It must be included in the differential diagnosis of non - specific neurological or psychiatric symptoms in a patient with hypothyroidism . However, there are uncommon conditions associated with auto - immune encephalopathy... |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) is an autoimmune disease of unknown pathogenesis that affects several organs (13). Sle can affect any part of the respiratory system and have a variety of pulmonary manifestations, including the following: pleuritis, pleural effusion, pneumonitis, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, bronchio... |
Segmentation defects of cervical spine are often seen in cases of congenital atlantoaxial dislocation (caad). Rarely, c2 posterior elements may be absent and fusion for atlantoaxial dislocation (aad) in these cases necessitates inclusion of lower segments, thereby restricting neck movements further . The presence of ad... |
Swine influenza was first described in the united states in 1918 when the spanish flu pandemic occurred in the human population ., typical clinical signs in pigs are respiratory diseases with fever, coughing and nasal discharge, as in humans . Anorexia and diarrhoea that are directly associated with reducing body weigh... |
Spondyloarthropathies are a group of inflammatory diseases with overlapping features including arthritis of the axial skeleton and/or peripheral joints, inflammatory back pain, enthesitis, and dermatologic and gastrointestinal involvement . The majority of these syndromes are more prevalent in males although the reason... |
In the uk, clinically significant or major depression affects between 5% and 10% of people at any time, with most being treated within general practice . The annual cost of depression has been estimated to be over 9 billion in england, with more than 100 million working days lost and over 2,500 deaths due to depression... |
Both theoretical considerations (mason, 1998) and experimental evidence (wucherpfennig and strominger, 1995) strongly support the idea that polyspecificity is an intrinsic property of t cell receptor (tcr) recognition . A single tcr has been shown to recognize different peptides in the context of either the same, or di... |
Bone mineral density (abmd) decreases with age and it is the most significant and widely used index for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and for considering the effects of medication in its treatment . When an abmd decrease is found, the cause is usually considered to be a decrease in bone mineral content (bmc) in the reg... |
The incidence of perioperative complications is low and the number of life - threatening complications with this surgery is even lower . Avascular necrosis of the maxilla after le fort i osteotomy is a rare complication that has been reported to occur in <1% of cases . During down fracture of the maxilla, the blood sup... |
Ch3nh3pbbr3 pe precursor solution was prepared by mixing ch3nh3br and pbbr2 at a molar ratio of 3:1 in anhydrous dmf (sigma - aldrich) to give a weight concentration of 20% . The solution was further diluted in dmf to give a concentration of 10 mg / ml . Cbp (sigma - aldrich) was dissolved in dmf to a concentration of ... |
Pelvic organ prolapse (pop) with and without stress urinary incontinence (sui) is one of the most common diseases in elderly women . Every case is an individual challenge to the gynaecological surgeon to treat his patient in a successful way and to avoid severe complications . As the abdominal and vaginal route of pop ... |
While favorable - risk (psa 20; t2b category or less; gleason score 7) prostate cancer (pc) can have a long natural history and is often curable, unfavorable - risk pc (which comprises approximately 20% of cases) accounts for the majority of prostate cancer deaths . Men of pc bearing age are also at risk for a metachro... |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ssris) are a class of compounds that affect the level of serotonin in the brain . Because decreased serotonin levels have been associated with unstable mood and depression, ssris are commonly used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and some personality disorders . Although ... |
Trichinella spiralis (t. spiralis) is the first identified and best characterized member of trichinella genus . First, this worm is of an importance as a cause of the human disease, trichinellosis . Second, infection with this helminth has high prevalence in many different sylvatic and domestic animals . And last but n... |
Multiple sclerosis (ms), as a juvenile disabling disorder, is the most prevalent central nervous system inflammatory and demyelinating disease . Nearly all researchers believe that focal lymphocytic infiltration in the brain and spinal cord, which is found in ms, can damage the myelin sheet of the neuron axon, which is... |
No man is an island entire of itself (john donne). With the assembly of proteins into functional complexes thought to underlie most, if not all, biological processes, characterization of these structures is a key goal in cell biology . An initial step is identification of complex members, both stably- and transiently -... |
There is no information about this disease in textbooks of pediatric surgery and pediatric gynecology . Searching in english literature, via pubmed and scopus, we have found that so few cases have been reported that most of them are cases reports in women . In general, this disease called hydrocele of the canal of nuck... |
Urogenital tuberculosis, responsible for 3040% of all extrapulmonary cases, is second only to lymph node involvement . Prostatic tuberculosis is much less common than renal, vesico - seminal and epididymal tb . We report a case of unusual presentation of tuberculous prostatic abscess in young, healthy, immunocompetent ... |
Old age is a natural biological and inevitable phenomenon of a human s life, which is the result of gradual degradation of vital organs.1 the current trend of the aging population has convinced the french gerontology association that the population of the society is shifting from children population explosion to the el... |
Semiconducting materials have long played a pivotal role in the development and advancement of organic electronic applications such as organic light - emitting diodes, organic field - effect transistors, and organic solar cells . More recently, semiconducting polymers have made their entry into the new field of organic... |
In addition to the pivotal role of vitamin d in calcium / phosphorus homeostasis and bone physiology [1, 2], several lines of evidence suggest that vitamin d status may also have a significant role in glucose homeostasis in general and on pathophysiology and progression of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in part... |
Orthopedic expansion of the palate was first described approximately 150 years ago in a case review by angell.1 it has also been reported that in growing children, expansion of maxillary width can improve posterior cross bite, increase nasal width, reduce nasal resistance, and improve breathing.2 however, there are man... |
A 36-year - old female patient visited the hospital complaining of otalgia that had started approximately 3 years previously . The pain had been recurring 2 to 3 times a month, and there were no abnormalities in hermedical history . The pain was characterized as a needle - like, piercing paininside the ear, and it had ... |
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (ncls) are a heterogeneous group of inherited progressive degenerative diseases that affect the brain and sometimes the retina . They are characterized by lysosomal accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment that display typical ultrastructural patterns (1). There are now nine genes ... |
Cognitive processes play a key role in stress - related neuropsychiatric disorders, including emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression [15] (figure 1). Abundant clinical and animal evidences strongly support this notion, suggesting that disturbed cognitions per se are an important part of affective illnesses,... |
An experimental study was designed in that 20 virgin (70-day old) female wistar rats weighting 164.11 18.60 g and 10 male wistar rats were purchased from neuroscience research center, shahid beheshti university of medical science . After two weeks of acclimation period, they were kept for breeding in the female to male... |
The medial entorhinal cortex (mec) is a major in- and output structure of the hippocampus and participates in processes supporting spatial navigation, learning, and memory (bannerman et al ., 2001, howard et al ., 2014, the superficial layer ii (lii) and layer iii (liii) of the mec are the origin of the perforant path ... |
Fluorinated arenes are prevalent in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries due to their desirable metabolic properties . Nonetheless, accessing them remains a significant challenge . Although pd - catalyzed halide exchange of aryl (pseudo)halides with a metal fluoride salt (f) would be an efficient route to gen... |
Cephalosporins are described as -lactam antibiotics, based on their common structural feature, containing the -lactam ring . A major advantage of the -lactam antibiotics is high degree of safety in the target animal . Cefquinome, an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, is a member of the fourth - generation of cephalosporins ... |
Primary congenital hypothyroidism is seen in 1/3,000 - 1/5,000 deliveries all over the world . Here a routine antenatal ultrasound examination indicated a large homogeneous, bilobed mass in the anterior aspect of the fetal neck [figure 1a c]. The patient, clinically euthyroid, had no history of thyroid disease in the p... |
Noncontrast head ct (ncct) is the first - line diagnostic test for emergency evaluation of acute stroke due to its speed of imaging, widespread availability, and low cost . The window width and center level settings measured in hounsfield units: hus used for computed tomographic (ct) scan review are known to influence ... |
Disturbances in the normal redox state of cells can cause toxic effects through the production of peroxides and free radicals that damage all components of the cell, including proteins, lipids, and deoxyribonucleic acid (dna)., oxidative stress is associated with increased production of oxidizing species or a significa... |
The lowering of intraocular pressure (iop) is the only therapy that shows evidence of preservation of the visual field.1,2 monotherapy remains the preferred first treatment approach for newly diagnosed patients.3 latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost are the most frequently used prostaglandin analogs for monotherapy... |
The lifepo4 ncs were prepared following a procedure that we recently published elsewhere for phospho - olivine type nanoplatelets . Figure 1a reports a scanning electron microscopy (sem) image of several nanoplatelets, from which it can be seen that they tend to form stacks of face - to - face assembled ncs . The xrd i... |
Adenomyosis is defined as the benign invasion of endometrium into the myometrium, producing a gradual enlargement of the uterus, with microscopic exhibition of ectopic nonneoplastic endometrial glands and stroma . Approximately 20% of cases of adenomyosis involve women of reproductive age (<40 years), with the remainin... |
Although the established risk factors such as smoking, high blood cholesterol levels and hypertension have shown to be associated with the development of coronary artery disease (cad), defining the role of blood pressure changes for predicting chd remains clinically challenging . A report indicated that fractional puls... |
The role of diabetes in the outcome of acute renal injury (aki) is not well understood and may depend upon the cause of the injury as well as on the stage of diabetic renal involvement . Among the various causes of aki, endotoxemia, a major component of sepsis, remains an elusive and challenging condition which is stil... |
Abnormal blood lipids are generally accepted as a major risk factor for ischaemic heart disease amongst all ethnic populations . However, dietary modifications which would help prevent ischaemic heart disease remain controversial as data from different studies are at times inconsistent [28]. It must be emphasized that ... |
Ocular tuberculosis (tb) has a wide range of clinical manifestations affecting nearly every ocular tissue.1 these manifestations are caused by direct invasion or by an immunological reaction to the presence or absence of mycobacterium.2 ocular clinical manifestations include anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, reti... |
A 9-year - old girl was brought by her mother with the complaints of fleshy growth in her left eye noticed since birth, which was nonprogressive . There was no preceding history suggestive of mechanical / chemical / thermal injury to the eye, no history of ocular surgery, or any history of fever with eruptive skin lesi... |
More than 50 years ago, conventional studies showed that the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (rna) and their translation into new proteins are required for animals to establish long - term memory.2 in these studies, injection of chemicals that blocked rna or protein synthesis blocked long - term memory . The finding migh... |
Any uncertainty about a future event that might threaten an organization s ability to accomplish its mission may be labelled as a risk . Proactive prevention as opposed to reactive cure can be seen as prophylactic management to provide quality assisted reproduction technology (art) services (mortimer and mortimer, 2005... |
Academic achievement and preservation of students educational failure are two of the most important concerns of university academic staff and parents of the students (1, 2). The opposite of educational progress is educational failure which considering the results from various studies, could highly affect people destini... |
Case 1 involved a 24-year - old pregnant resident of the city of barranquilla who had symptoms compatible with zika virus disease, including fever and generalized rash for 2 days, followed by edema and joint pain for 2 weeks, with onset occurring at 56 weeks of gestation . Her medical history was notable because of a p... |
Cliched as this sounds, it is worth remembering this point, since systems models are typically developed for objectives quite different from those for standard pkpd models . Prior knowledge the model is built on, understanding of the physiology, the biological scale of the problem, the source of the model parameters, e... |
The european hedgehogs erinaceus europaeus are widespread in rural, suburban and urban environment and have become popular as exotic pets . These animals belong to order erinaceomorpha, family erinaceidae and originally arrived from europe, asia and africa (rilley and chomel 2005). Hedgehogs are considered as host of a... |
The compatibility of prosthetic restorations with adjacent gingival tissue, masticatory function and appearance, is essential . The finish line of crown restorations is generally considered to be very important in terms of esthetic demands . However, the compatibility of unacceptable finish lines with gingival tissue i... |
, this affection can cause a severe respiratory distress with high level of mortality or result in serious morbidity and disability . The prognosis depending of the precocity of management means that the clinicians must have a high index of suspicion for cle in the context of respiratory distress in neonate period, and... |
Polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) is a common disorder with a prevalence of 6 - 7% of women of reproductive age [14]. The clinical picture commonly includes obesity, hirsutism, oligomenorrhoea, and subfertility . Around 3075% of pcos women are obese [1, 5, 6], and many pcos women show evidence of insulin resistance and ... |
Heart failure could be described as a modern plague, as it is the leading cause of hospital admissions in the united states . Among other diseases leading to heart failure, coronary heart disease the relationship between inflammation and heart failure has been demonstrated in several studies . Among other inflammatory ... |
Recently, many studies have suggested the use of therapeutic or exercise tools with biofeedback, which provides additional information about users by detecting subtle changes in the body with sensors1,2,3 . In particular, there is active research being conducted on the development of a biofeedback tool for people who w... |
Although sit - to - stand (sts) is a frequently performed task, it is one of the most mechanically demanding functional tasks undertaken daily1 . In the past two decades, researchers have studied the biomechanics of the sts task in young and older individuals, and in healthy subjects as well as those with hemiparesis1,... |
Approximately 285 million people are visually impaired worldwide and among the eye diseases causing the problem are cataract, glaucoma, age - related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and corneal diseases.1 while a growing and evolving number of treatment modalities have become available for these diseases (ca... |
It has been considered to be an inflammatory autoimmune disease of central nervous system, which is often associated with varying degree of disability and impaired quality of life . Despite the etiology of ms is not determined yet, it is believed that both genetic and environmental factors play role in it's pathogenesi... |
Anatomically, urinary tract infections (utis) whet - her caused by fungi or bacteria are categorized into two sections (lower and upper tract infections) which may occur in asymptomatic or symptomatic forms [1, 2]. Our knowledge about the incidence of candidal utis is obtained from diverse published reports in differen... |
Ischemic stroke is characterized by the interruption of blood flow and oxygen to brain tissues . During focal ischemia, tissue surrounding the ischemic core is called penumbra, which is still viable and is a possible target to be rescued . The only effective treatment approved in clinical practice at present is early t... |
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (alps) is an inherited disorder manifesting with cytopenia, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly, characterized by the accumulation of double negative t (dnt) cells (cd3 +, cd4-, and cd8-) in the peripheral blood . Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (pres) is charact... |
Despite more than half a century of worldwide vaccination, mycobacterium tuberculosis still remains asone of the most common infectious agents in the world (1). Presently, almost one - third of the world s population is thought infected by this pathogen and about 9 million people are infected per year, with nearly 1.4 ... |
It occurs almost exclusively in women and incidence peaks in the 4th and 5th decades of life . Phyllodes tumors oddly occur more frequently in the left breast, and though the average size is quite large for a breast tumor about 5 cm lesions exceeding 10 cm, termed generally, tumors are well demarcated, freely mobile, a... |
The fremantle diabetes study (fds) was a longitudinal observational cohort study of patients from a postal code defined urban community of 120,097 people . Descriptions of recruitment, sample characteristics including classification of diabetes type, and details of nonrecruited patients have been published elsewhere (8... |
Ase: allele specific expression; bp: base pair; chip: chromatin dependent immunoprecipitation; h3k4me2: h3 lysine-4 dimethylation; ld: linkage disequilibrium; medip: methylated dna immunoprecipitation; opa: oligo pool all method; pol ii: rna polymerase ii; snp: single nucleotide polymorphism . Cb is a postdoctoral rese... |
In this study, we dissect the mirna - target relationship in a homogeneous cell population mouse embryonic stem cells (mescs) with defined mirna characteristics17 - 19 . Rna tags photo - crosslinked to ago2 in these cells were isolated by immunoprecipitation and subjected to deep - sequencing (clip - seq)15,16,20,21 . ... |
These villages were invited to participate because they were all in the yukon - kuskokwim region of western alaska, and therefore could be considered to be more similar to each other than to villages from other regions . Village populations were 367, 411 and 663; the number of households were 70, 76 and 160 (24), (fig ... |
Standard guidelines in management of urolithiasis might be made applicable to patients of extreme ages . Despite its relatively uncommon incidence, the management of urinary stones in children poses a specific challenge to the urologist . The objective of our case report was to show whether shock wave lithotripsy (swl)... |
Acute ischemic stroke secondary to aortic dissection (aod) is challenging in the era of thrombolysis owing to the diagnostic difficulty within a narrow time window and the high risk of complications . A 64-year - old woman with middle cerebral artery occlusion syndrome admitted to the emergency room within intravenous ... |
Polydactyly is a relatively common anomaly of the foot.1 it is characterized by the presence of supernumerary digits involving the hands, feet or both.12 the overall incidence of polydactyly is 1.7/1000 births with significantly higher incidence among african - american population.13 polydactyly occurs as an isolated d... |
Pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas are not often thought to sensitive to targeted agents, like their cousin the adenocarcinoma of the lung . With appropriate testing of molecular markers, squamous cell carcinomas, like adenocarcinomas of the lung, melanomas, and renal cell carcinomas, no longer are all advanced nonsmal... |
Complex rnas fold into three - dimensional structures that carry out biological functions similar to those of proteins . The function of both protein and rna enzymes requires selective stabilization of active structures over vast numbers of alternative structures, but little is known about rna dynamics (i.e., rna s str... |
The number of applicants for places in medical schools in germany substantially exceeds the numbers of available places . Admission is therefore subject to restrictions (numerus clausus) and the application process is administered by a federal organization, the central office for the allocation of places in higher educ... |
A 31-year - old married male, educated up to 12 standard from middle socioeconomic status and working as a technical assistant presented to the outpatient department (opd) of a multi - specialty hospital with complaints of frequent abdominal pain and disturbed bowel habits for the last 6 years . These pains would get e... |
Vegetable oils form an important part of the human diet, providing concentrated sources of energy and essential nutrients . A process is used for the deacidification of a vegetable oil in which the major acid of the vegetable oil is from the group comprised of epoxy fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acids, linoleic acid, and ... |
Poly-(p - phenylenevinylene) (ppv, scheme 1a) plays a paradigmatic role in understanding the electronically excited states and the excitation energy transfer (eet) in conjugated organic molecules to be used in electronic devices aiming at applications in photovoltaics and electroluminescence . Understanding the eet at ... |
Among the mechanical thrombectomy devices used for cases of acute ischemic stroke, the solitaire stent (ev3, plymouth, mn, usa) is one of the mostly used and reported device recently due to its fully retrievable and self - expandable property2,7). However, mechanical thrombectomy using the solitaire stent is not always... |
Moderate / severe alcoholic hepatitis is usually associated with malnutrition . In large va cooperative studies, virtually every patient with alcoholic hepatitis had some degree of malnutrition . Although their calorie intake was frequently adequate, their intake of protein and critical micronutrients was often deficie... |
Mesenchymal stem cells are self - renewing and multipotent progenitors that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and beta - pancreatic islets cells [14].bm is the most common source of mscs . However, mscs have a... |
A 68-year - old woman was admitted to our emergency room with abdominal pain . She had a history of hypertension and depression and was treated with celiprolol and paroxetine . She had undergone a sigmoidectomy two years prior for a sigmoid diverticulosis . Over the previous two weeks, she had complained of intermitten... |
Retinitis pigmentosa and age - related macular degeneration are the leading retinal degeneration diseases that cause legal blindness in the world . The common characteristic of these degeneration diseases is degeneration of photoreceptors while leaving the inner retina intact . The intact inner retina provides opportun... |
A 76-year - old woman returned to vancouver, canada, in early 2010 after spending 3.5 months in northern india . Before her trip, she had been in good health . In india, persistent nonbloody diarrhea developed, for which she did not seek medical attention . One month later, she was treated in the hospital for hypertens... |
Over the past 20 years, an increasing amount of evidence supports the involvement of inflammatory processes in the pathophysiology, and more recently in the etiology of schizophrenia . High levels of proinflammatory cytokines are found in the blood and in the cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenia patients.1,2 current tr... |
The danish national birth cohort (dnbc) is a prospective cohort study with the aim of examining associations between pregnancy and early - life exposures and offspring diseases . Women were approached by their general practitioner at the first antenatal visit if they were living in denmark, who could speak danish and w... |
In the last decade, non - commercial drug- or target - related databases have been established . Millions of compounds can be found in databases like chembl (1) or pubchem (2) and their availability can be checked via databases like zinc (3). A comprehensive and manually curated resource is drugbank (4), which contains... |
Rhinitis is not a single disease with one underlying mechanism but rather a collection of multiple distinct syndromes that cause similar nasal symptoms.1 rhinitis is classified into two major subtypes allergic rhinitis (ar), and a heterogeneous subgroup of conditions with various triggers and distinct pathophysiologies... |
The buried penis is widely regarded as a condition which is difficult to manage both in children and in adults . Buried penis was first described by keyes in 1919 as follows: absence of the penis exists when the penis, lacking its proper sheath of skin, lies buried beneath the integument of the abdomen, thigh or scrotu... |
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