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There has been a dramatic improvement in the treatment of symptomatic aortoiliac occlusive lesions (aiols) since the revision of trans - atlantic inter - society consensus (tasc) ii classification in 2007 . Although open surgery is the preferred approach for treatment of type d lesions according to the tasc ii guidelin...
Xenopus neural crest was labelled with nuclear - rfp / membrane - gfp or membrane - rfp / nuclear - gfp . In vitro analysis of neural crest migration was performed using xenopus neural crest cultured on fibronectin - coated plates . For in vivo studies we used xenopus embryos grafted with labelled neural crest or zebra...
Dental caries is considered, the most common ignored chronic disease among children . In 2003, the american academy of pediatric dentistry defined early childhood caries (ecc) as the presence of one or more decayed (noncavitated or cavitated), missing (due to caries), or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a ...
Acute type a aortic dissection (aaad) is a highly lethal cardiovascular emergency with an incidence of 3685 new cases per year operated in japan and had an 11.1% in - hospital mortality rate in 2010 . A total of 586 hospitals in japan have cardiovascular surgeons, and 1881 cardiovascular surgeons are practicing as boar...
Since calcium concentration is now included in the serum biochemical analyses done by multichannel autoanalyzers, it is possible to detect patients with hypercalcemia . Consequently, an increased incidence of mild cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (phpt) has been noted . More than 80% of phpt patients are essentiall...
The use of metallic implants is a substantial part of the treatment in orthopedic surgery . Necessary condition of their clinical success is effective osteointegration bonding between bone and the implant . Immediately after implantation, host tissues react on the biomaterial with acute inflammation, which, within a fe...
Activation of the immune system, through either infection or administration of cytokines, causes significant changes in eating, drinking, social, and sleeping behaviors in both rodents (hart, 1987; oreilly et al ., 1988; crestani et al ., 1991; yirmiya, 1996) and humans (capuron et al ., 2002; vollmer - conna et al ., ...
Many polymers are exposed to solvent in their end - use applications, for example, in sealants, coatings, membranes, controlled release systems, especially for pharmaceuticals and tissue engineering, or to generate complex architectures, as in microlithography . The sorption of solute by polymeric materials encompasses...
The cretaceous fossil plant record of italy is relatively poorly known and in most cases dominated by conifers (for an overview see gomez et al ., 2002, fig . 2). Most of these fossils come from the campania region of southern italy . These include early albian megafloral assemblages from pietraroja in benevento, which...
Generally, symptoms of ca are recognized between 1 hour and 3 hours following the conclusion of anesthesia,2,6 at which point an ophthalmologist is consulted to care for the injury . At community hospitals where ophthalmologists are not readily available undoubtedly, this prolonged waiting period may lead to unnecessar...
Its incidence is increasing over the years, and constitutes approximately 1% of all the new diagnoses of cancer each year in the united states . The etiology of tc is multifactorial; both genetic and environmental factors play key roles in modulating tc pathogenesis . A clear relationship between iodine supply to the p...
Upper cervical injuries (uci) consist of a various type of injuries that affect the skull base, the atlas, and the axis.1214) around this bony structure, important organs such as, brain stem, cranial nerve, vertebral artery, muscle and ligaments exist . Moreover, craniocervical junction and atlantoaxial complex made mo...
Depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (dmpa or depo - provera) is a long - acting injectable contraceptive, approved for use in the united states in 1992 [13]. Dmpa has been available worldwide since the 1960s and has been used by more than 30 million women in more than 90 countries [13]. This convenient contraceptive has ty...
As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors . Such materials are peer reviewed and may be reorganized for online delivery, but are not copyedited or typeset . Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should ...
Air and noise pollution are pervasive health problems that have co - existed in civilization for centuries, and together they are the most common environmental risk factors in the physical environment that people may encounter in modern society, particularly in urban areas . Empirical and epidemiologic evidence support...
. The key components of musculoskeletal injuries have been identified as an activity - induced muscle injury . Skeletal muscle injury typically occurs following excessive muscular activity, particularly if the muscle is under tension and stretched by an opposing force that is greater than the force generated by the mus...
They are electron - rich entities in which sulfur provides two electrons toward the aromatic sextet and are very stable relative to other organosulfur compounds . Sulfur - containing fossil fuels such as coals and crude oils contain considerable quantities of thiophenic compounds, the removal of which poses challenges ...
Chagas disease is caused by infection of mammalian host cells by the parasitic protozoon trypanosoma cruzi, usually transmitted by blood - sucking bugs of the subfamily triatominae.t . Cruzi colonizes the heart, gastrointestinal tract, and nervous system, causing progressive inflammation which can lead to chronic human...
Leprosy is a chronic, granulomatous disease prevalent in india and other third world countries . Leprosy and tuberculosis are the two common mycobacterial diseases leading to significant morbidity and mortality in our country . The presence of leprosy in india has been documented in the older medical treaties like char...
Work - related low back pain (lbp) is a common work - related musculoskeletal disorder . In korea, work - related low back pain makes up 36.7% of the total reimbursement from industrial accident compensation insurance1 . In western countries, lbp is one of the biggest single reasons for absence from work2 . Lbp commonl...
Phosgene (cocl2) is a colorless oxidant gas which is heavier than air and a lethal exposure dose (lc50) in humans is 500 ppm / min . The gas is only slightly soluble in water and the small amount of phosgene which dissolves is immediately hydrolyzed . It was originally manufactured as an agent for chemical warfare but ...
Warfarin and other vitamin k antagonists are effective treatments, reducing the risk of stroke by about two - thirds . The limitations with warfarin are a narrow therapeutic range, the need for monitoring, drug and food interactions, and risk of bleeding . In recent years, non - vitamin k antagonist oral anticoagulants...
The past years have witnessed the growing interest in nucleic acid - based diagnostic tests . The intensive development of systems allowing rapid, cost - effective sensitive and specific detection of nucleic acid is motivated by their various applications in many fields such as, gene analysis, clinical disease diagnost...
Latest surveillance indicates rising rates of neisseria gonorrhoea (ng) in new south wales, australia . The risk of hiv transmission is significantly enhanced by coinfection with ng [2, 3], and so the control of ng particularly in light of increasing minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values to ceftriaxone is a maj...
The immune system is a highly evolved system that functions to provide organisms with the ability to resist pathogenic agents and is characterised by two pathways: innate and acquired . The innate immune system can be exposed to a variety of physical and chemical stressors . The interactions of xenobiotics with the imm...
As technologies progress it is imperative to demonstrate improved efficiency, patient care, and clinical outcomes . Liquid embolic agents designed for aneurysm treatment potentially carry additional therapeutic benefits over coil embolization including improved volumetric aneurysm filling and endothelialization across ...
Diabetic nephropathy (dn) is the most common complication and leading cause of mortality associated with diabetes . Dn is a leading contributor to cases of kidney failure in developed countries, and both type i and type ii forms of diabetes can result in dn . While the global pattern of dn incidence is not fully survey...
The success of root canal therapy depends on the fluid tight seal at the apex and orifice in the pulp chamber . Most of the root canal treated tooth will require a buildup, which may be as simple as closing the access opening or restoring the complete tooth . The optimal core buildup material should have adequate stren...
Tierradentro is a locality of the municipality of montelbano, department of crdoba, located in the north - west of colombia . It consists of the urban centre and 14 rural settlements and shares borders with tierralta and puerto libertador (siplan 2008). 2: city map of the urban centre of tierradentro . The urban centre...
Nowadays, in spite of great advances in technology, as well as in the diagnosis and treatment modalities for various diseases, cardiovascular diseases (cvds) are still the number one cause of death, accounting for a third of deaths worldwide . As shown in the literature, various factors such as malnutrition, stress, an...
Igg4-related disease is a new disease entity involving igg4 in its clinical presentation . To date, 6 characteristic features of igg4-related disease have been identified: (1) systemic involvement; (2) solitary or multiple lesions showing diffuse or localized swelling, masses, nodules, and/or wall thickening on imaging...
A 42 year - old - woman diagnosed with lung cancer (adenocarcinoma type t4n2m1a, pleural seeding) was admitted to our institution for pleural seeding related to left chest wall pain (t8 - 11 nerve dermatome) causing respiratory difficulty . One month prior, an enhanced chest and abdomen ct had revealed a collapse of th...
Many plants that grow in climates with a cold winter require growth for several months at low temperatures a process called vernalization to promote flowering in spring, when days lengthen and temperatures increase . Without this period of cold, plants would grow leaves in the spring, but would fail to flower . It was ...
In the postgenomic era, dna sequencing databases are exponentially accumulating and providing a vast opportunity to construct representative libraries of cloned open reading frames (orfs), or orfeomes, to enable high - throughput omics applications. (1) for larger genomes that comprise hundreds or thousands of orfs, it...
The poultry industry occupies an important position in the provision of animal protein (meat and egg) to man and generally plays a vital role in the national economy as a revenue provider . Poultry is one of the most intensively reared of the domesticated species and one of the most developed and profitable animal prod...
Abfraction has been defined as microstructural loss of dental tissues caused by biomechanical loading which leads to stress concentration in the cervical region of teeth which, in turn, leads to loss of tooth structure [1, 2]. Its clinical appearance has been described in the literature as early as 1930's, but its asso...
T transseptal catheterization is the technique of choice for left atrial access for the treatment of several conditions . Central to the transseptal procedure is a sharp - tipped needle, commonly referred to as the brockenbrough needle, which is used in combination with a sheath and dilator . There are two common techn...
The study area covered metropolitan beijing (between 11520 and 11730e and 3928 and 4105n), including 220 townships of 18 districts with an area of 16,800 km . The data on reported hfrs cases were obtained from the national notifiable disease surveillance system, which included information about sex, age, residential ad...
Endometriosis is a benign condition in which endometrial glands and stroma grow outside of the endometrial cavity . There is emerging evidence about aberrant expression of several mirnas during the pathological development of endometriosis to endometriosis - associated ovarian cancer (eaoc). As a group of conservative ...
A 62-year - old diabetic male presented to our clinic with swelling, redness, and purulent discharge from a previous sternotomy site . He had undergone off - pump coronary artery bypass grafting 6 months earlier using the bilateral internal thoracic arteries for silent ischemia (three - vessel coronary disease). During...
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been proven to be a safe and effective procedure for treatment of gallstones; however, complications still occur . Gastrointestinal injuries are one of the most common complications reported, of which many are related to blind insertion of a veress needle or to trocar insertions . A lar...
Duplication cysts of git are congenital cystic malformation of the alimentary tract, consisting of a duplication of the segment to which it is adjacent, occurring anywhere from the mouth to the anus but most frequently affecting the ileum . The most common duplication cysts arise from the small intestine (44%) followed...
Clinical manifestations of melioidosis vary widely and can include sepsis with or without a localized infection such as pneumonia or internal organ abscesses . Chronic disease (symptoms> 2 months) can occur and can mimic other diseases such as tuberculosis or cancer . Therefore, melioidosis should be suspected for ever...
The protocol was approved by the hospital institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained from each subject . Maternal prepregnancy weight was obtained by history and height measured at the first antenatal visit using a stadiometer . A total of 53 lean (bmi <25 kg / m) and 68 obese (bmi> 30 kg / m...
Patients with mci are at high risk to develop alzheimer's disease (ad) or other neurological conditions (petersen, 2003; petersen et al ., 2006). Previous research has also shown that mci patients progress to ad at a rate of approximately 1015% of patients per year (petersen et al ., 2001; wee et al ., 2011). Currently...
It was reported that a percentage of 1% and 12.7% of cases in which patients present both a solid neoplasm and aaa . The increasing incidence of this two synchronous diseases is probably due to better life expectancy of population, diffusion of cancer staging which allows diagnosis of asymptomatic aaa and development o...
Unicompartmental knee replacement (ukr) is an established treatment for end - stage medial compartment arthritis providing good pain relief and restoring function . The oxford knee is the most widely - used ukr with long - term survival being comparable to that achieved with total knee replacement, provided that the in...
Starch, one of the most common polysaccharides, has a number of specific properties that make it highly useful in the food industry and other sectors of the economy . It belongs to the cheapest thickening agents, texturizers, filling agents, and stabilizers . When they release amylose in the process, starch loses its s...
Twelve xla patients aged 1431 years old and 23 age - matched healthy volunteers were recruited before the 2008 influenza season and vaccinated with one dose of 20082009 seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine comprised of a / brisbane/59/2007 (h1n1)-like, a / brisbane/10/2007 (h3n2)-like, and b / florida/4/2006-like strai...
Autologous saphenous vein grafting has been a cornerstone in coronary surgery for almost four decades.1 however, stenosis or occlusion of the vein graft remains high, occurring in up to 15% of cases in the first postoperative year, and increasing up to 50% after 10 years.1,2 stenosis of the graft results from a combina...
Bexarotene (targretin) is a rexinoid that selectively activates signaling of retinoid x receptors (rxrs) over signaling through retinoic acid receptors (rars). Bexarotene is the first clinically approved rexinoid, and it is used to treat refractory cutaneous t - cell lymphoma (ctcl). Human phase 1 trials reveal that be...
An excess of body weight, commonly referred to as obesity, has reached epidemic proportions in different segments of the population around the world . In canada, the obesity prevalence has risen steadily during the last 25 years, with 23% of adults being classified as obese according to the latest canadian community he...
Nerves degenerate with age, which causes a decline in nerve conduction velocity [14]. Normally, this degeneration is slow; therefore, obvious symptoms affecting daily life do not suddenly appear . Symptoms of sensory nerve disorders include numbness or pain in the hands and feet and dulling of the senses . Motor nerve ...
A total of 50 rectal swabs were collected from 40 alpacas and 10 llamas in different farms of putre (parinacota). Samples were collected during 2 different days, maintained at room temperature using copan transystem swabs (copan, brescia, italy), and transported to the antofagasta university . Samples were pre - enrich...
Vascular surgery needs the temporary interruption of arterial blood flow with occluding clamps isolating the diseased vessel tract and resulting in physiologic changes often superimposed on advanced pathologic conditions . In particular during aortic aneurism repair an increased afterload follows aortic clamp placement...
Dental plaque is the etiological factor responsible for the gingival and periodontal disease which harbors a variety of pathogenic bacteria . The loss of equilibrium between microbial succession and reciprocal host bacterial interaction will be capable of initiating the mechanism of destruction of the periodontal tissu...
Neural stem cells (nscs) possess therapeutic potentials for treatment of pathological processes following central nervous system (cns) disorders or injuries . Nscs are known to have a key role in regeneration, learning and memory (1). Moreover nscs are the more appropriate cells for studying therapeutic and neurotoxici...
Systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) is a multi - factorial chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by the production of a wide spectrum of autoantibodies and immune complex deposition leading to multiple organ damage . These cytokines further induce production of various acute - phase reactant proteins suc...
Schizophrenia (scz) is a chronic and severe mental disorder affecting 1% of people in their lifetime . Epidemiological studies indicate that genetic risk factors are important to its causation because heritability was estimated up to 80% based on family and twin studies . Many putative scz susceptibility genes have bee...
This cycle involves complex and periodic changes in the female anatomy and physiology, characterized by follicular development, ovulation, and the formation and regression of the corpus luteum . It is well recognized that during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle estrogen levels rise to a peak and then fall ap...
The incidence of skin cancer has been increasing over the past 30 years and currently 2 - 3 million new cases are diagnosed worldwide every year . Non - melanoma skin cancer (nmsc) is the most common skin malignancy (95%) and in recent years its incidence has been increasing rapidly, even in young populations [1, 2]. T...
Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (cvd) and cvd risks as well as morbidity and mortality among obese children . Long - term studies showed that obesity led to clustering of cardiovascular risk factors or metabolic syndrome (mets). The mets includes the clustering of abdominal obesity, ins...
Colonization of the catheter occurs by two main pathways: the extra - luminal route or the intra - luminal route . The cutaneous entry site is the predominant route of colonization for short - term central vein catheters (<15 to 20 days), especially in icu patients, whereas the endoluminal route, resulting from hub con...
An 11-year - old female was being treated for low - grade astrocytoma with carboplatin and vincristine . The patient was also receiving levothyroxine for central hypothyroidism, ondansetron for chemotherapy - induced nausea, omeprazole for gastrointestinal reflux, and trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole for pneumocystis ji...
Initially, palliative chemotherapy in lung cancer was decided on the basis of histology . Whether it was nonsmall - cell lung cancer (nsclc) or small - cell lung cancer was sufficient to decide treatment . However, currently, not merely histological subclassifications (squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma) but als...
Tissue samples were prospectively collected from patients undergoing partial or radical nephrectomy for renal tumors at the department of urology at the university hospital bonn . Tumor and normal renal tissue samples were fresh - frozen and stored at 80 c in the biobank at the centrum for integrated oncology at the un...
Cerebral palsy (cp) is a chronic motor disorder resulting from a nonprogressive brain lesion acquired at a time of rapid brain development and is characterized by muscle fibrillations or paralysis . Spastic hemiplegia is the most common type of cp among full - term infants and is the second most common type of cp next ...
Postnatally acquired cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection is a common finding for opportunistic viral infections, especially in immunocompromised patients, and can manifest as severe disease . Localized disease due to cmv causes significant morbidity and mortality exclusively among patients in the late phase of a severe deb...
Diabetes is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, contributing directly or indirectly to more than 4.6 million deaths annually . Cardiovascular disease (cvd) is the predominant cause of mortality in individuals with diabetes . Cvd in diabetes is multifactorial, with abnormalities in serum lipids being one o...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis (tb) and is a major infectious pathogen . A resurgence of tuberculosis has marked the beginning of the third millennium, with about 8 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths annually worldwide attributed to m. tuberculosis . More recently, the world hea...
Retinitis pigmentosa (rp) is a highly heterogeneous form of inherited retinal degeneration that affects approximately 1.5 million individuals worldwide . Individuals affected with rp initially experience night blindness, followed by progressive loss of visual fields, often culminating in legal or complete blindness . C...
Horizontal gene transfer (hgt) can be defined as the movement of a gene from one donor species to a receiver species by means other than vertical inheritance from a direct common ancestor . It is now clearly established and accepted that hgt has been an important phenomenon in the evolutionary history of bacterial geno...
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (acc) is an uncommon tumor of the breast, accounting for approximately 0.1% to 1% of all breast cancers . It is characterized by rare lymph node involvement and distant metastasis, and associated with a favorable prognosis with excellent survival, despite its triple - negative status . In the c...
Life expectancy at birth (leb) is defined as the average number of years one would be expected to live at birth . Life expectancy is commonly used as one of the main indicators to assess health status of a population in developed as well as developing countries, and it is also closely associated with the degree of econ...
Postpartum depression will be considered as one of the most common and specific problems of pregnancy and later . Diagnostic statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm - iv) show that the start of postpartum depression is in the first 4 weeks after childbirth . Depending on the severity of the disorder, it can take 3 ...
Early enteral feedings are known to improve outcomes in critically ill intensive care unit (icu) patients having difficulty with volitional intake . Maintenance of gut integrity by enteral nutrition leads to less bacterial translocation and decreased systemic inflammatory response . Thus, enteral feeding has become an ...
The paradox of meritocracy is alive and well under conditions where careers are primarily evaluated in terms of upward mobility (vinkenburg & weber, 2012). A prime example of such conditions is an up - or - out career system, common to academia, the military, and professional service firms (psfs). Careers in such setti...
Pneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic pathogen, and is a major cause of serious pneumonia in immunocompromised conditions, including congenital immunodeficiency, organ transplantation, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). The standard regimen of treatment or prophylaxis for pneumonia caused by p. jirovec...
The liver is an essential organ of the human body and its diseases have many effects on human health . It mediates its effects through membrane bound receptors, present in the luminary endothelium, causing vasoconstriction and activating pro- inflammatory and pro - fibrotic pathways . Increased endothelin (et)-1 activi...
Seek assembles its human gene expression compendium by obtaining data sets from ncbi s gene expression omnibus (geo) database and the cancer genome atlas (tcga). The compendium consists of data sets from 41 platforms including 32 platforms from affymetrix, agilent, and illumina, and 9 rna sequencing platforms (suppleme...
Exposure to numerous substances in indoor air, each with varying degrees of scientific certainty(note 1) have been associated with or can exacerbate existing asthma, particularly in children . With childhood asthma an issue of growing public health concern, it is important to focus on indoor air factors with the strong...
Total joint arthroplasty is performed with objectives of providing pain relief and better quality of life to the patients suffering from arthritis of the hip and knee joints.1 rarely, serious complications including vascular injury can occur during the procedure, which may affect the outcome of surgery.123 the incidenc...
The most common presenting symptom is headache, frequently associated with other symptoms and signs, namely seizures, focal neurological deficits, papilloedema and impaired consciousness . The clinical picture is determined by the age of patient, site of cvt and the presence or absence of parenchymal lesions . Isolated...
Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (olf) was first reported by polgar26) and is characterized by replacement of the ligamentum flavum (lf) with mature and hypertrophic lamina bone20). Olf is commonly detected in the lower thoracic spine181721) where it is a primary cause of slowly progressive myeloradiculopathy13). ...
Renal insufficiency (ri) has been widely recognized as a serious complication of liver transplantation that significantly compromises patient outcome [14]. Since a number of patients already have varying degrees of ri, including hepatorenal syndrome, before undergoing liver transplantation, and since postoperative stan...
Enteric methane emissions from ruminants represent both an important source of greenhouse gas emissions and energy losses for the animal, with estimated loses ranging from 2 to 12% of gross energy intake (johnson and johnson 1995). Rumen methane is the end product of anaerobic microbial fermentation of feeds, and metha...
Knee osteoarthritis (knee oa) is a multifactorial disease caused by aging, obesity, certain genetic factors, mechanical load, etc . In japan, it is estimated that approximately 50% of the population over 50 years of age have oa . Knee and joint disease, including knee oa, is the first largest cause of need for assistan...
According to ancient babylonians and in the practice of mesopotamian medicine, the liver is metaphorically regarded as the seat of the living soul' (the evolution of modern medicine, william osler). Ritualistic examination of the liver comprising assessment of its size and position, its color and the richness of its bl...
The students were divided into small groups of 1011, thereby forming 14 groups . Blended learning module development: the blended learning module was prepared by two subject experts for the 14 groups according to the sequential model of blended learning and online activities proposed by koohang . This model illustrates...
Cerebral palsy (cp), with a prevalence of 2.83 per 1000 children among the age group of 0 to 19 years, is one of the most common causes of disability in india . A child with cp suffers from several problems such as spastic paralysis, cognitive impairment, chronic pain, speech and visual impairment, and gastrointestinal...
Aneurysms of the major thoracic veins are rare . Because they are usually asymptomatic, they are diagnosed incidentally during the evaluation of mediastinal widening on chest roentgenography and treated conservatively (1 - 3). Development of complications such as rupture, venous obstruction, and thrombosis has been des...
Este estudio se realiz para investigar si se puede producir una deficiencia de la visin del color relacionada con la profesin de soldador . Se seleccion como grupo del caso a un total de 50 soldadores que haban ejercido la profesin durante un mnimo de cuatro aos, y se les compar con 50 varones no soldadores que vivan e...
One of the rising concerns in western countries is the high prevalence of childhood obesity which has mainly been attributed to a constant decrease in physical activity levels and increased energy intake [1, 2]. Although recent research suggests a stabilisation in prevalence rates of overweight and obese children in de...
The patient reported that the skin lesions known since her childhood changed during the past weeks . Especially lesions on her upper arm became erosive, increasingly red and pruritic (fig . Physical examination showed multiple bands consisting of reddish - brown, annular plaques with raised hyperkeratotic ridges and ce...
Laser iridotomy or surgical peripheral iridectomy is typically performed after eye administration and intravenous drip injection of anti - glaucomatous drugs as a primary treatment for acute primary angle closure glaucoma.1,2 laser iridotomy is performed not only for treatment of acute primary angle closure glaucoma, b...