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Brugada syndrome (brs) is characterized by the presence of characteristic electrocardiographic (ecg) changes (coved st - segment elevation 2 mm with a right bundle - branch pattern) in the right - sided precordial leads (leads v1 through v3), either at baseline, or after administration of a class i (sodium channel bloc... |
Wild type cd1 embryos were harvested, staged and stained by wholemount in situ hybridization using established methods, . Measurement of palates before dissection and after staining confirmed that no significant shrinkage occurred (data not shown). Palatal explants were cultured (37c, 5% co2) using the trowell techniqu... |
K channels are modular proteins, composed of a central pore module (pm) surrounded by sensor domains that perceive external stimuli and convert them into changes of pore activity (gating). This feature and simple assessment of their performance by electrophysiological measurements make ion channels amenable for testing... |
Acute neurogenic pulmonary edema (npe) is an underdiagnosed yet a common clinical entity . Presence of preoperative npe presents a dilemma to the neuroanesthetist due to the divergent goals of management of raised intracranial pressure and pulmonary edema and also the possible adverse interaction of the two conditions ... |
Nowadays, the life expectancy of women has increased significantly in most countries, but in some countries, such as iran, healthy life expectancy has seen no meaningful increase . According to the report of world bank in 2007, healthy life expectancy for iranian women is 59 years, but the healthy life expectancy for w... |
Despite ghana s progressive abortion law, one of the most liberal in sub - saharan africa, mortality caused by unsafe abortion remains a matter of concern . The country s maternal mortality ratio (mmr) in 2010 was an estimated 350 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births (world health organization et al . 2012), compare... |
They help to achieve an accurate diagnosis, build trust with patients, and improve compliance to treatment, overall patient satisfaction, therapeutic outcome, and avoid litigation . The initial and most important step in communication with patients is the establishment of rapport . This may take time, but will definite... |
Smooth muscle contraction plays a fundamental role in regulating the functions of the hollow organs in the body such as the blood vessels, intestines, bladder, airways, and uterus . Dysfunctional contraction of the smooth muscles is a key pathological feature of many diseases including hypertension, bladder overactivit... |
We report a 50-year - old female patient with a stage 2 idiopathic macular hole that closed spontaneously . The stage 2 idiopathic macular hole closed spontaneously in 6 weeks with a lamellar defect in the outer retina due to the formation of the bridging retinal tissue, but without any evidence of the common mechanism... |
Some are against it (1), some advocate its application for certain and specific patients (2), and some others believe that the use of bowel has some limitations including excessive mucus production, metabolic acidosis, stone formation, infection, perforation and malignancy (3). There are some advantages for using a pou... |
Endometrial cancer is the commonest gynecological cancer in the developed world . Over the years, most accepted structural, immunohistological, and molecular correlations have been linked with epidemiological and outcome data to arrive at a histological model of endometrial cancer.1,2 most endometrial cancers are early... |
Tiling arrays are also gaining popularity for detecting novel transcripts in sequenced genomes . In this context, sequence annotation is an essential step in understanding the genome and the transcriptome of a species . Large - scale comparisons of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes reveal thousands of conserved region... |
Organic thin films have attracted considerable interest in the recent past, most notably due to new manufacturing steps and the possibility to create ultrathin and lightweight devices with extreme bending stability, that are very promising in the field of organic electronics . Through observing current and projected en... |
The synapsin (syn) family consists of three neuronal phosphoproteins encoded in mammals by distinct genes (i.e., syni, ii, and iii). Although the biology of syni and ii has been extensively studied, the functions of syniii are still largely uncharacterized . In vitro studies show that syniii is involved in axonal elong... |
Erdheim - chester disease (ecd) is a rare non - langerhans - cell histiocytosis of unknown etiology involving infiltration of bones and various organs by lipid - laden histiocytes with foamy or eosinophilic cytoplasm . Lipid - laden histiocytes produce xanthogranulomas, which can be found in long tubular bones, skin, l... |
Kitaibelii (winter savory) were collected in the period may - june, 2005, in the region of mountain zlatibor, serbia, as labelled . The voucher specimen of the collected plant material was confirmed by biljana boin and deposited at the herbarium of the department of pharmacognosy, faculty of medicine, university of nov... |
Arteriovenous malformations (avms) present with hemorrhage, seizures, headache or focal neurological deficits . Cysts associated with avms are uncommon, and are usually a sequelae of stereotactic radiosurgery or after a hemorrhage . Untreated and unruptured avms with large cysts are uncommon, with only five cases repor... |
The drinking water distribution network is a source of disquiet regarding the contamination of water during delivery and regrowth of microorganisms that survive after treatment . It is often the scene of many physicochemical and biological reactions resulting from interactions between disinfectants, pipe walls, and the... |
Great vessel injury is a rare but fatal complication that can occur during lumbar disc surgery . Great vessel injury can result in massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage or present as a delayed pseudoaneurysm or arteriovenous fistula (avf)2,3,6,8,9,11). Despite a very low incidence (0.016 - 0.17%), the reported mortality r... |
Estimation of prostate volume has been found to be important for choosing a surgical technique (ranging from minimally invasive to open surgery) as well as medical treatment . It is also important for prediction of the duration of surgery and blood loss, especially for surgeons with little experience . Although prostat... |
The sensory strategy for postural control involves the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems . In particular, the vestibular system provides information regarding head position and movement with respect to gravity and inertial forces1 . More specifically, the vestibulo - ocular and vestibulospinal reflexes are ... |
Human immunodeficiency (hiv) is a disease which results in decreased chemotaxis, defective granuloma formation and maintenance, impaired antigen processing and presentation, and generalized loss of cd4 + t cells . India alone accounts for over 2.5 million people living with hiv with an estimated prevalence of 0.91% . T... |
Pseudotyping envelopes of viral vectors are heterologous glycoproteins with the key role of mediating vector entry into target cells . Thus, their nature, function, and density on the vector surface may deeply influence the transduction ability of the vectors . A powerful strategy to increase the expression of heterolo... |
Staphylococcus aureus may cause community - acquired and nosocomial bacterial meningitis and is associated with significant mortality . It is usually associated with neurosurgical interventions (including csf shunts), staphylococcal bacteriemia or a parameningeal focus . Methicillin - resistant s. aureus (mrsa) is an i... |
In december 2011, a 51-year - old woman was admitted to our hospital due to massive hemoptysis . She had suffered from recurrent hemoptysis for five years and had undergone bronchial artery embolization many times . The patient s vital signs were stable . On chest examination, decreased breathing sound and crackle were... |
Commercialisation of biotech or genetically modified (gm) crops was started in 1996 . Since this date a 94-fold increase (from 1.7 million hectares in 1996 to 160 million hectares in 2011) was observed, which makes biotech crops the fastest adopted crop technology in the history of modern agriculture . In 2011, 29 coun... |
The increase in frequency of arrhythmias and in symptoms during pregnancy may be a result of the associated hemodynamic, hormonal, autonomic, and emotional changes . We report a patient who developed bradycardia followed by atypical wenckebach block, after subarachnoid block for cesarean section . A 150 cm, 58 kg, 28-y... |
Lynch syndrome (ls), formerly referred to as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (hnpcc) accounts for 2 4% of all colorectal cancers (crcs) 1 . Affected family members have a germline mutation in one of the dna mismatch repair genes mlh1, pms2, msh2, or msh6, and a lifetime risk for development of crc of 25 centr... |
Von voss - cherstvoy syndrome is a part of a group of syndromes with radial and hematologic abnormalities, and until now approximately ten cases have been reported in the literature . This syndrome is characterized by a triad of radial ray defects, occipital encephalocele, and urogenital abnormalities . We report a neo... |
Tuberculosis (tb) is the second leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide . In the year 2012, an estimated 8.6 million people developed tb, and 1.3 million died from the disease . Pelvic and peritoneal tb may resemble advanced ovarian cancer due to the presence of ascites, complex adnexal mass, peritone... |
The hyperimmunoglobulin e (hyper - ige) syndromes were initially described as a single entity job syndrome in 1966 in two girls who presented with recurrent cold staphylococcal abscesses, severe eczema, recurrent bronchopulmonary infections, and elevated serum ige . Generally, the hyper - ige syndromes were thought of ... |
Any deviated behavior from the normal will be punished or may be kept behind bars depending upon the crime committed; sometimes, the crime conducted may also go unnoticed too . Studies on such abnormal behavior of human beings are carried out to know the reason for the criminal mind but until date many have ended up wi... |
In developing countries and/or areas inhabited by indigenous populations, plants and other natural sources constitute the solely source of bioactive molecules used for a variety of purposes . The use of medicinal plants throughout thousands of years by these populations allowed accumulation of empirical knowledge of th... |
Impaired thermoregulation is a known complication of high level spinal cord injury and side effects of hypothermia induced by such an injury may complicate trauma resuscitation . Hypothermia defined as a core temperature of <35c are seen frequently in emergency departments (eds) throughout the united states . Visits oc... |
After the first report by diamond in 1939, juvenile polyps, one of the polyps found in the large intestine, have been reported to occur in relatively young people . The juvenile polyp is a type of harmatoma that develops in the connective tissue of the large intestinal submucosal layer, but its etiology is not clear . ... |
One of the major risk factors for chd are elevated serum cholesterol concentrations . Lowering the level of serum cholesterol is an established clinical practice for chd treatment, intervention, and prevention . Pharmacologically, circulating cholesterol concentrations are reduced by statins, which are 3-hydroxy-3-meth... |
We retrospectively surveyed 128 students at a coeducational, state secondary school in an urban area of west midlands, uk, where attack rates for pandemic (h1n1) 2009 were high and (as of march 2010) levels of unemployment were among the highest in great britain (7). The head teacher selected 1 class from each of years... |
Diabetes mellitus (dm) and chronic periodontitis are common chronic diseases in adults in the world population . Dm is a complex disease with both metabolic and vascular components characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both as well as dysregulation of protein and lipid me... |
Self - assembly is a remarkable process that nature uses to organize chemical systems composed of nonliving components into living, biological systems . Nature accomplishes this incredible feat by adding information to matter and by guiding the self - assembly process to create functional structures . Toward the goal o... |
Visual paraneoplastic syndromes associated with gynecologic malignancies include cancer - associated retinopathy (car) and diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (bdump). It has been hypothesized that in car visual loss occurs due to the presence of autoantibodies (aabs) specific to tumor antigens that cross - react w... |
The worldwide number of long - term cancer survivors is growing fast with ongoing improvements in cancer therapies [1, 2]. However, long - term cancer survivors may suffer from late side effects of cancer therapy . One of these late side effects is radiation - induced heart disease (rihd), which may occur after radioth... |
Push and sonde enteroscopy were widely used for small - bowel endoscopy prior to the development of double - balloon enteroscopy (dbe). However, due to the insufficient depth of intubation into the small bowel and the high rate of complications with push and sonde enteroscopy, new techniques that overcame these issues ... |
Ovarian torsion results from the rotation of the ovary about its pedicle, to an extent that the ovarian arteries and or veins are obstructed . This condition generally results from a benign tumor of the ovary and usually occurs in younger women . Clinical signs include sudden onset of lower abdominal pain associated wi... |
As the majority of recent randomized controlled trials (rcts) have been unable to demonstrate a beneficial effect of various interventions aimed at improving outcome in end - stage renal disease (esrd), novel treatment strategies need to be tested in this high - risk patient group . Among several novel risk factors, in... |
It has been used primarily by military, construction workers, fire fighters to see through smoke, and to spot heat leaks or the enemy . There are few reports and small - scale studies done in various disciplines of ophthalmology . It has been used in the diagnosis of dry eye and to evaluate bleb functionality after gla... |
Laparoscopic appendectomy, first performed by semm in 1983, has become increasingly popular . The surgical management of complicated pediatric appendicitis (gangrenous or perforated) has been more controversial, and the role of laparoscopy in its treatment has not yet been established . Intraabdominal abscess (iaa) can... |
After one year of preparatory work a model of cooperation for patients with chronic wounds was implemented in the hospital krankenhaus gttlicher heiland in june 2009 . Principals of the project are the vienna health insurance and vienna's medical association, the practical implementation lies mainly in the responsibili... |
Denitrification is an important process in biology that involves the sequential reduction of nitrate (no3) to nitrite (no2), nitric oxide (no), nitrous oxide (n2o), and finally to dinitrogen (n2), carried out by several different metalloenzymes . N2o + h2o) is a key step of this process and is catalyzed by nitric oxide... |
The management of undescended testes is one of the most controversial aspects in pediatric urology . The problem is not, in principle, the time to bring the testis down to the scrotum, but whether and when to perform imaging studies such as ultrasound (us) and why we still get the patients with undescended testis at a ... |
Regarding glucose levels in the brain, hypothalamic glucose levels are regulated from 0.7 to 4.5 when blood glucose levels fall to ~2.8 mmol / l during hypoglycemia, brain glucose levels also decline to ~0.3 mmol / l3 . According to a longstanding dogma, sglt1 is a highaffinity transporter for glucose . In fact, panayo... |
The study population was derived from the inhabitants of tianjin, which is the third largest city and located in the east coastal area in china . The city is composed of six urban districts, six suburbs, and three newly developed areas ., a multiphase stratified cluster sampling method was implemented, and a random sam... |
Seasonal influenza causes an estimated annual average of 226 000 hospitalizations and 36 000 deaths in the united states . The highest rates of influenzaassociated hospitalizations and death occur among the elderly, young children, and persons with certain highrisk medical conditions .,,,,,,, in october 2004, pediatric... |
In today's obesogenic environment, losing weight through behavioral means can be a difficult task that requires a high level of self - monitoring, making healthy choices in the face of more desirable choices, and working against longstanding eating and physical activity habits . To overcome these barriers and successfu... |
Rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a chronic, inflammatory, multisystemic autoimmune disorder that affects (mostly) diarthrodial joints1 . It is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease (cvd); however, the reason for the increased risk of cvd is not explained by traditional risk fact... |
Anti - neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (anca)-associated vasculitis (aav) is characterized by pauci - immune necrotizing vasculitis of the small blood vessels,1 which comprise three different clinical syndromes: eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (egpa, previously called churg - strauss syndrome), granulomat... |
Acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (amt) is a rare hematologic disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia and is association with a markedly diminished number of bone marrow megakaryocytes . This condition has been observed in patients with lupus erythematosus, t - cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia and eos... |
Salivary gland tumors are known for their varied histomorphological appearance, which sometimes poses a diagnostic challenge for pathologists . One of such appearances is the oncocytic change in tumor cells of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors . Morphologically, oncocytes are characterized by abundant eosinoph... |
According to the brazilian institute of geography and demography (instituto brasileiro de geografia e estatstica or ibge),1 brazil presents an aged population that corresponds to 9.7% of its total population . The aging index grew from 0.11 in the 1980 s to 0.25 in 2004.1 these values show that brazilian society is agi... |
A total of 85 (30 women 55 men) consecutive patients routinely referred to coronary angiography for stable angina pectoris were included in the study after the following exclusions: any kind of rhythm abnormailities that could have interfered with p- wave analysis (af, freguent atrial and ventriculer beats, pacemaker r... |
Otomycosis or fungal otitis externa has typically been described as fungal infection of the external auditory canal with infrequent complications involving the middle ear . Although rarely life threatening, the disease is a challenging and frustrating entity for both patients and otolaryngologists as it frequently requ... |
Urban taxi drivers differ from other professional drivers with respect to their risk profiles for work - related low back disorders1 . Biomechanical studies show that the driving activities within automobiles can impose postural strains on lumbar spines1 . Reported that back pain is an important health problem for taxi... |
Lichen planus (lp) is a common inflammatory disease affecting the skin, the mucous membranes, the genitalia, the nails and the scalp . Prevalence of lichen planus in the general population ranges from 0.1 to 4% and it is more common in females, especially in the perimenopausal period . Pathophysiology of lp involves an... |
A 67 year old woman was hospitalized in the emergency room due to dysarthria started 4 hours before hospitalization . The patient was diagnosed with systemic sclerosis in 2003 and was taking methylprednisolone 2 mg per day at our clinic's rheumatic internal medicine department . According to physical examination findin... |
In their analysis on the clinical significance of randomised controlled trials, kraemer and kupfer (2006) advocated the number needed to treat (nnt) and some other parameters to convey the clinical and practical significance of the outcome of a trial . They indicate that such parameters may deviate largely, so nnts ran... |
The date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) is of economic importance to the kingdom of saudi arabia which is the second largest producer of dates worldwide . Although date palms can grow under a variety of environmental conditions, production is impeded by various biotic and abiotic stress factors . Most importantly, water... |
Lamotrigine is a new, anti - epileptic drug used in the treatment of partial and generalized seizures and maintenance treatment of bipolar i disorder . Common adverse effects of lamotrigine include headache, nausea, vomiting, tremors, anxiety and insomnia . The major adverse drug reaction leading to lamotrigine discont... |
The hospitals' duty is beyond providing clinical and specialized services, and making plans for delivering health care services and promoting health is one of their important duties (1). In each country, from 40% to 70% of health budget is absorbed by and spent in the hospitals and usually one to three percent of worki... |
Calcium phosphate ceramics have seen extensive clinical application as synthetic bone fillers and graft extenders [13]. The biocompatibility as well as osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties of these ceramics have been well documented [412]. Bone tissue engineering research has capitalized on these qualities, ma... |
The peptides fdnpvyqktt, fdnpvy, fdnpvsqktt, fdnpvs, fdnpva, fdnpvf, and fdnpvl were synthesized using standard fmoc chemistry with a free cooh terminus and an acylated nh2 terminus . Crude peptides were purified by reverse - phase hplc on a c18 column (vydac, hesperia, ca), equilibrated in h2o with 0.1% trifluoroaceti... |
The enzymes that synthesize pe in yeast, worms, and flies have mammalian counterparts . First, lodged in the inner membrane, the enzyme phosphatidylserine decarboxylase converts phosphatidylserine to pe (fig . 1). Pe synthesized in mitochondria can spread via mitochondrial associated membranes to other cellular compart... |
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy after lung cancer and the leading cause of cancer - related deaths among women worldwide . Although the incidence of breast cancer has been increasing, male breast cancer is a rare and uncommon disease, accounting for only 0.5% to 1% of all cases . Male patients are diagnosed... |
Skeletal muscle presents unique features that allow it to respond to several exogenous stimuli . This characteristic is named plasticity . Exercise and nutrition are examples of such stimuli that may promote adaptive responses in skeletal muscle in terms of structure and function [24]. For example, there are some repor... |
With the advent of the hpv vaccine, data on genotype - specific prevalence of hpv infection in sexually active female population would be useful to predict the potential benefits of hpv vaccination and to monitor the impact of vaccination on hpv type replacement . A recent meta - analysis estimated that the worldwide h... |
Xanthogranulomatous diseases of the orbit are a group of rare disorders of unknown etiology and pathogenesis affecting the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the periorbital areas and the ocular adnexa . The group displays considerable heterogeneity with some patients manifesting only local symptoms and signs at the face... |
A high incidence of vte has been well demonstrated in hip and knee arthroplasty.1 the incidence of dvt has been as high as 40% in some studies.1 2 less is known about the incidence of vte in spinal surgery.3 4 however, recent studies have shown that the incidence of vte following spinal surgery may be higher than previ... |
The dioecious trematode ornithobilharzia turkestanicum (family, schistosomatidae) is a well - documented parasitic fluke which lives in mesenteric veins of ruminants and other mammals (1, 2). It was formerly named as schistosoma turkestanicum, but later assigned to the genus ornithobilharzia (3). O. turkestanicum has b... |
One health is a concept that aims to bring together human, animal, and environmental health . Researchers including louis pasteur and robert koch and physicians such as william osler and rudolph virchow demonstrated the collaborative links between animal and human health . As the traditional boundaries between medical ... |
Patients without fractures recovered much earlier than those with fractures.among the patients with fractures, there were no significant differences in terms of consolidation time after surgery.different surgical options of curettage only or combined with different filling materials had no effects on the follow - up ou... |
An important goal of personalized cancer therapy is to tailor specific therapies to the mutational profile of the individual patient's cancer . A major issue with this strategy is that while the aim of systemic therapy is to treat metastatic disease, typically the primary tumour is used as the source of information on ... |
Vision and the somatosensory and vestibular sensory systems play an important role in posture control1,2,3,4,5 . Vision, based on a change in the information projected on the retina, guides the relationship between the environment and the body . Plantar sensation provides information on the base of support and position... |
Benign duodenocolic fistula is a fistula between the duodenum and colon with no malignancy of either section . However, the duodenocolic fistula complication of peptic ulcer has not been reported in the middle east . Diagnosis of duodenocolic fistula is always established with upper and lower gastrointestinal tract con... |
However, the complexity of ill - health, which is socially constructed by individuals, health personnel and health authorities have motivated the search for other forms to approach knowledge . To discuss the complementarities of qualitative and quantitative research methods in the generation of knowledge . The purpose ... |
Immune cells utilize toll - like receptors (tlrs) to sense pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps), which represents the starting point of the innate immune response . Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdcs) are at the nexus between innate and adaptive immunity and are thereby key contributors to the host's response... |
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (osa) is a common problem among children and especially boys, with estimated prevalence of 2 - 3%, with most children being diagnosed at the age of 26 years . At night osa is characterized by interrupted sleep, snoring, and disrupted breathing . At daytime, children present hyperactive ... |
Earthquakes are among the most destructive natural disasters and have been the cause of some of the world's highest death tolls in peacetime.1 they usually occur abruptly, and, therefore, the ability to utilize resources promptly and effectively to reduce casualties is the main measure of a successful response . Earthq... |
Rheumatoid arthritis (ra) increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (cvd) to a similar extent as diabetes [13]. Atherogenesis in ra remains poorly elucidated and current recommendations on cvd risk stratification reportedly have major shortcomings [5, 6]. Hence, there is a need for identifying novel ... |
Multilevel cervical canal stenosis causesd by the ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (opll) or cervical spondylotic myelopathy (csm) is common42326). Most patients are asymptomatic, but those with severe spinal cord compression are predisposed to symptoms of cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy 1626). Surg... |
The l - tyrosine is a substance that generates a neurotransmitter such as adrenaline, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), or dopamine and becomes the thyroid hormone that controls the metabolism and is a precursor of melanin [1, 2]. Therefore, the development of a method to determine small amounts of l - tyrosine is import... |
Mucormycosis (mcm) is a devastating infection with high mortality rates despite recent advances in its diagnosis and treatment . It is caused by the filamentous fungi of the mucorales order of the class of zygomycetes . Although it is classically defined as an opportunistic infection, preferentially affecting patients ... |
Physicians have shown great concern on the relationship between lymphoma and inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) over the years . In 1928, bargen described initial report of lymphosarcoma in a patient with ulcerative colitis . Since then, numerous case reports and meta - analyses have been presented, but composite lymphom... |
The clinical usefulness of light was first recognized some 3,000 years ago when it was used to treat rickets, psoriasis, and other common ailments.1 more recently, the term photodynamic therapy (pdt) surfaced and has been used to describe the use of light to treat a variety of diseases, including cancer.25 specifically... |
Menopause is associated with increased risk of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (1, 2). Dyslipidemia, obesity, and insulin resistance are of the most common features of the metabolic syndrome in menopausal woman and known to be important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (3 - 5).... |
The t cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (tim) family is located on chromosome 11b1.1 in mice and consists of several members (tim-18). In humans it is located on chromosome 5q33.2 and consists of three members (tim-1, 3, and 4). Individual tim family members may serve as susceptibility markers for asthma, allergies,... |
Propofol is a popular intravenous (iv) anesthetic agent providing fast onset and smooth anesthetic induction with rapid recovery . However, the disadvantage of pain or discomfort during iv injection may be as high as 85% in children when given into small vein on the dorsum of the hand 1 - 3 . Although various drugs hav... |
It is more common in female with female - to - male ratio of 3:1 . Not all the cases of necrobiosis are associated with diabetes; hence the terminology necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum has been abandoned . The ulcers in nl are quite painful leading to impaired quality of life of these patients . We present a case of ... |
Double dislocations of the thumb joints have only been reported on four previous occasions, in all cases reported to date, the joints have dislocated dorsally . We present the case of a 26-year - old male patient with simultaneous volar dislocations of the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb . T... |
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