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Lone af was defined as af with an onset prior to 66 years of age and without a preceding history of a myocardial infarction, heart failure, or known left ventricular systolic dysfunction . Referent subjects in all studies were free from af as documented by electrocardiography . In each center the local institutional re... |
While long - term complications of corneal abrasions are uncommon, the perioperative injury is unexpected, painful, and anxiety inducing for the patient . Patients may complain of blurry vision, tearing, redness, photophobia, and foreign body sensation in the eye . In addition, discharge from the hospital can be delaye... |
Patients were recruited from 17 centers into this nationwide study as previously described (10). The study protocol was approved by west midlands multicentre research ethics committee (mrec/03/7/086) and registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (nct00749593). All patients were 18 years old or older and had a confirmed di... |
In the middle of april 2009, influenza caused by the novel a (h1n1) strain of influenza virus of swine origin was reported in mexico and california . On april 24 the world health organization (who) announced the emergence of a novel influenza strain, and the infection was declared a pandemic in june (1). The first repo... |
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp) is a well - established effective procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic and extrahepatic biliary tract diseases . There is general consensus that ercp should be performed for specific indications, by trained endoscopists, using standard techniques ... |
In the adult mammalian brain glucose oxidation provides majority of the atp needed to support normal function of neurons and astrocytes (shulman et al ., 2004). Since endogenous energy reserves are at m to mm levels (hyder, 2009), timely delivery of energy substrates (i.e., glucose and oxygen) from blood to support neu... |
Obsessive compulsive disorder is one of the most disabling anxiety disorders affecting children's lives . It involves cognitive and behavioral symptoms that include obsessive thoughts and ritualistic or avoidant behavior . Obsessions, in this disorder, are persistent ideas, thoughts, impulses or images that are experie... |
. However, excessive inflammation can cause severe chronic diseases, such as asthma, arthritis, vascular diseases, and cancer . Macrophages play a key role in the regulation of inflammatory responses initiated in response to an infection or accumulating damaged or dead cells . Lipopolysaccharide (lps) treatment of the ... |
Flow diverter devices (fdds) are important tools in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, with high rates of aneurysm occlusion and low rates of morbidity and mortality.14 they are becoming a suitable and, in selected cases, preferred alternative to traditional endosaccular treatment with coils . These new devices c... |
Although obstetric care has undergone significant developments in recent years, the frequency of preterm deliveries has not only not decreased, but in most developed industrialized countries it has slightly increased . Preterm births constitute an important problem of gestational pathology due to the related phenomenon... |
Bone defects due to trauma, developmental anomalies, oncological resections, infections or lesions necessitate reconstructive methods for substitution of lost supportive tissues for which different bone graft materials are available . These materials promote the bone - healing response through provision of osteogenic, ... |
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (fop, mim#135100, http://www.omim.org/) is a rare hereditary disease caused by a heterozygous mutation in the type i activin receptor (acvr1) gene that encodes a bone morphogenetic protein receptor . This disease leads to heterotopic ossification in the muscle tissue and the surrou... |
Cardiovascular disease (cvd) is the major cause of death in developed countries and some developing countries . Though conventional risk prediction algorithms are made available on presence of major cardiovascular (cv) risk factors, further investigations on authentic and accurate biomarkers of cvd are needed . To date... |
Cleft lip and palate (clp) is the second most common major congenital anomaly in the turkish population . The incidence is approximately 0.6% and more frequently recorded in black sea, south eastern anatolia, and aegean region of turkey . Infants with only cleft palate have not an atypical facial appearance but also fu... |
Erectile dysfunction (ed) has been defined as the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual performance . Implantation of a penile prosthesis, the third - line treatment for ed, is one of the successful surgical treatments for ed . Penile prosthesis implantation is indicated for the treatment o... |
Modern cochlear implants (ci) allow deafened adults to partially regain their hearing ability . Patterns of cortical plasticity caused by deafness on one hand and partially restored input on the other may help to explain the large degree of variability . It is known that extended periods of sensory deprivation induce c... |
The toxicity of a high concentration of oxygen in the inspiratory gas mixture of neonates as well as the toxic effects of some metal ions are examples in which the role of oxidative stress as pathogenesis is well established . For the general inflammatory reaction in critical illness resulting in multiple organ failure... |
National cancer institute's health information national trends survey (hints 2003) (hints.cancer.gov), a national probability survey conducted in every two years covering a wide range of issues with regard to cancer - related knowledge, information, attitudes and behaviours among u.s . Adults . This survey utilized a c... |
Lung cancer is considered the second most frequent cancer for men after prostate cancer and breast cancer for women . 1 non - specific cytotoxic agents are currently used for the treatment of non - small cell lung cancer (nsclc) and small cell lung cancer (sclc).2 - 4 however; side effects are the reason for some patie... |
The first laparoscopic ureteral procedure using a retroperitoneal approach was described by wickham in 1979 . Gaur's idea to use a balloon to create the working space in the retroperitoneal space has popularized the method of retroperitoneoscopy . We use it as a method of choice in the treatment of upper urinary tract ... |
Central granular cell odontogenic tumor) cgcot) of the jaw, which was previously known as central granular cell odontogenic fibroma or granular cell ameloblastic fibroma, is an exceedingly rare benign odontogenic neoplasm [1, 2] with 35 reported cases in the literature . Some of these lesions have very few clinical fea... |
The concept of fibro - osseous lesions of bone has evolved over the last several decades and now includes two major entities: fibrous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma, as well as the other less common lesions such as florid osseous dysplasia, periapical dysplasia and focal sclerosing osteomyelitis . Fibro - osseous lesi... |
A single genotype may give rise to many different phenotypes under varying circumstances of environment . In turn, one environmental factor may act to elicit various responses depending on the genotype of the organism, which determines the threshold of the responses (1). The concept about the ability of environmental f... |
Peripheral artery cannulation is a common procedure performed for continuous blood pressure monitoring and rapid access for collecting blood for various laboratory studies . It is frequently needed for patients undergoing cardiac, vascular, and major surgeries, and is required in many trauma settings as well . The radi... |
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has doubled in the past 30 years and currently affects 360 million people worldwide . The consumption of a diet rich in saturated free fatty acids (ffas) is one of the main environmental causes of obesity and subsequent type 2 diabetes development . In obese humans, there is a high dem... |
Many advantages such as bio - compatibility, rigidity, ease of application, and few reported complications have achieved reliable results3 . One advantage of a resorbable plating system over a conventional titanium plating system is that resorbable plates do not require subsequent removal, and thus a second surgery is ... |
Multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (cns), which is at present attributable to a self - sustaining autoimmune mechanism . It is the most prevalent disabling neurological disease affecting young people and one of the most common inflammatory conditions of the cns, aff... |
There are about 350 million people worldwide suffering from chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection . China is one of the countries with a high prevalence of hbv infection . The hbv vaccination program for all newborns was implemented by the chinese government in 1992, which increased the yearly national hbv vaccine ... |
Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women after breast and colorectal cancers and is one of the leading causes of cancer death among women in the world . In 2008, approximately 530,000 women were diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer worldwide and 275,000 women died from it [1, 2]. Cervical cancer is t... |
The mechanical properties of the respiratory system in paralysed and mechanically ventilated patients are commonly measured by means of occlusion techniques or by multilinear regression analysis . Respiratory resistance and elastance are computed from pressure and flow recorded at the airway opening under the assumptio... |
Premature parturitions are those which happen at <37 weeks gestational (post - menstrual) age . Due to the greatly improved methods of treating premature babies, more premature babies survive, particularly, extremely immature neonates . Furthermore improvements in neonatal management reduce the mortality and morbidity ... |
A variety of non - protein amino acids, many of which have defensive functions against herbivores, pathogens, and even other plants, are found sporadically in the plant kingdom . Well - studied examples of such defensive non - protein amino acids include 2-amino-4-(guanidinooxy)butyric acid (canavanine) in the seeds of... |
A 10-month - old female infant of height 67 cm and weight 6.4 kg was scheduled for endoscopic third ventriculostomy under general anesthesia to treat progressive hydrocephalus . She was born via emergency cesarean section at 33 weeks of gestation and had a low birth weight (2,200 g). Her past medical history included t... |
Endobronchial brachytherapy (eb) is one way of treatment of patients with advanced lung cancer [1, 2]. Exophytically spreading tumors, restricting or obturating the bronchus in most cases, manifest disturbances of breathing, dyspnea, and sometimes hemoptysis . Routinely used techniques (external irradiation and/or chem... |
Bordella bronchiseptica is an obligate aerobic, nonfermentative gram negative coccobacillus that tests positive for motility, catalase, oxidase, urease, and nitrate reduction (1 - 5, 10). Although it is commonly found as either a commensal or a cause of respiratory tract disease in many wild and domestic animals, it ha... |
This was a case of a 31-year - old female patient who presented to us with a 1 day history of acute bilateral eye pain, blurred vision and headache . Her headache was similar in nature to her chronic daily headaches for which she and been commenced on tablet epimate (25 mg) (topiramate) od orally by her neurologist 1 w... |
Cyclin - dependent kinases (cdks) play essential roles in the regulation of cell division cycle . Cyclin - dependent kinases (cdks) represent key molecules involved in regulation of the cell cycle . Cdks are serine / threonine kinases that become active only when associated with a regulatory partner (e.g., cyclins or o... |
Alzheimer s disease (ad) is a pathophysiological process leading to, but starting long before dementia emerges . Due to aging of the human population in developed and developing societies, it is expected that this number will double by the year 2030 and more than triple by 2050 . In the us alone, the cost of caring for... |
Palivizumab, an igg1 monoclonal antibody, is approved for the prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in pediatric patients at high risk of rsv disease . Palivizumab provides passive immunity through a dosing regimen of 15 mg / kg monthly throughout the rsv seas... |
Invasive infections by fungi have been described in immunocompetent hosts after submersion and near drowning . Fungi known to cause invasive diseases in cases of near drowning patient are pseudallescheria boydii and, to a much lesser degree, aspergillus species . A 28-year - old male presented to casualty posttreatment... |
Malaria remains one of the most serious and widespread causes of pathogen - specific mortality in humans . Between 300 and 500 million people are affected globally with the mortality rate estimated to be 2.5 million deaths each year . The spread of resistance of both the parasite and the mosquito vector to anti - malar... |
Trisomy 13 (t13), trisomy 18 (t18), and trisomy 21 (t21) are common autosomal trisomy syndromes (1). It is important to distinguish t13 and t18 (t13/18) from t21 and other malformation syndromes as soon as possible because t13/18 has a dismal prognosis; therefore, the option to terminate life - sustaining treatment sho... |
The nanowires (nws) used in this study are grown using a dca solid source molecular beam epitaxy (mbe) system (dca instruments) with gallium (ga) assisted self - catalyzed vapor liquid solid (vls) technique . Gallium - arsenide (gaas) substrates were coated with a hydrogen silsesquioxane (hsq) converted siox (1 <x <2) ... |
It is estimated that 1.55.2 million people suffer from spinal cord injury (sci) and 130,000 new patients are added around the world each year (schwab et al ., sci is caused by trauma, a mechanical injury followed by a secondary injury process with much more complex molecular cascade responses (borgens and liu - snyder,... |
Since the korean pediatric society (kps) published the 7th edition of the immunization guideline in 201212), there have been several changes in immunization practice in the republic of korea . Between 2012 and 2015, 2 meningococcal quadrivalent conjugate vaccines (menveo [glaxosmithklein, siena, italy], menactra [sanof... |
If aging is accompanied by disease, especially of the neurodegenerative type, the social and economic costs will increase even more dramatically . The aging processes are natural phenomena, but are accelerated and aggravated by environmental factors, often beyond the control or knowledge of the subject . It is also ver... |
After severe traumatic or non - traumatic brain injury surviving patients often show disorders of consciousness (doc). Traditionally, doc are categorized into coma, in which patients are completely unarousable and unresponsive, vegetative state (vs) defined by the re - emergence of spontaneous eye - openings and minima... |
The fact that children infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have to cope with chronic problems that may lead to a developmental deficit due to biological alterations from the damages caused by the initial manifestation of the disease, opportunistic infections, congenital infections,1 2 3 4 5 or because of... |
The human colon contains the most abundant and diverse assemblage of bacteria in the body . Symbiotic interactions with and within this complex community are now recognized as important predictors of human health . Aberrant community structures are associated with complex diseases like obesity, irritable bowel syndrome... |
Early loss of primary teeth in young children can impair mastication, decrease vertical facial dimension, cause parafunctional habits, lead to space loss, compromise esthetics and interfere with social and personality development of children . Although preventable, dental caries is among the most common chronic disease... |
Obstetric and postpartum is the most critical stages of women's lives, which can affect the heavily feelings and thoughts of women . During pregnancy and postpartum mood changes that made them very sensitive to emotional stimuli and the highest rates of psychiatric disorder in women 15 - 44 years old occurs in the firs... |
The management of cancer patients has been revolutionized in the last few decades by advances in targeted therapies, which, unlike conventional chemotherapy, enable the precise targeting of cancer cells giving rise to the concept of precision medicine . The term targeted therapy encompasses a wide spectrum of drug clas... |
Recurrent abdominal pain (rap), refers to episodes of abdominal pain which is severe enough to implicate the daily activity of a child . It is demonstrated by three or more bouts in at least a three - month period . Making the appropriate decision about the functional or organic etiology of the pain could be the most c... |
Efficient targeted drug delivery systems are paramount for the development of novel and effective biopharmaceuticals and diagnostic agents . The advantages of targeted drug delivery and release include increased drug concentrations at the site of disease, limited side effects from off - target cell damage, and reductio... |
In utero, the pig fetus does not share circulation with the sow and therefore piglets are born immunologically nave (i.e., without a complement of maternal antibodies). As a result, piglets must ingest colostrum within the first day of life or they will die from infectious diseases . In addition, piglets are born hypop... |
Polyploidy is an important genomic feature for all eukaryotes, especially in plants where most or all angiosperms are polyploids or have polyploidy origins [1, 2]. Polyploidy, a widespread phenomenon in the evolution of flowering plant and an element in plant speciation and diversification, has played a key role in pla... |
Regulatory t cells (tregs) play an essential role in immune regulation and autoimmune disease prevention . Recently, tregs have been considered as promising candidates in cell therapy for autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (ra), systemic lupus erythematosus (sle), and experimental autoimmune encephalit... |
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted pathogen which causes severe sequelae in women including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility [14]. C. trachomatis is able to infect and multiply within a broad range of eukaryotic cells, including macrophages, smooth muscle, epith... |
Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (tlif) has become a common surgical method of spinal fusion . Compared with posterior lumbar interbody fusion (plif), tlif is safer in insertion of a fusion cage into the intervertebral disc space . It has been used as an effective treatment for patients who have unstable low - gr... |
Several epidemics and sporadic cases of cholera are reported from many regions of the world every year [1, 2]. During an outbreak, cholera spreads by faecal contaminated water and is influenced by other socio - economical factors such as lack of proper sanitary systems and poor health care . The seasonal recurrence of ... |
In past few decades, aluminum nitride (aln) has attracted considerable interests because of its exceptional mechanical, thermal, electrical, and optical properties [1 - 4]. For example, its good thermal conductivity, low dielectric constant, and high electrical resistance as well as thermal expansion coefficient matchi... |
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (pfps) is one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions, which accounts for 2040% of all knee problems in adolescents and active young adults1, 2 . Pfps is described as retropatellar or anterior knee aching pain without any other specific pathology and characterized by crepitation in th... |
Nod / shiltj (nod) and balb / cj (balb) mice were obtained from the jackson laboratory (bar harbor, me). All mice used were maintained in a specific pathogen - free research animal facility at the children s hospital of pittsburgh or the university of florida . Mice were allowed free access to acidified drinking water ... |
Vulvar and vaginal atrophy (vva) is a chronic, progressive medical condition that is associated with physiological changes of the vagina and symptoms such as dyspareunia and vaginal dryness . Women can now expect to spend more than one - third of their lives in a postmenopausal state due to an increased life expectancy... |
One of the main objectives of world health organization is capacity building of authorities who are involved with malaria control activities . The course was conducted jointly by the ministry of health and medical education of iran, who - emro and school of public health, tehran university of medical sciences . In year... |
Volkmann s ischemic contracture (vic) is a complex and variable flexion deformity of wrist and fingers resulting from fibrosis and contracture of flexor muscles of forearm . It is caused by ischemic injury to the deep tissues enclosed in the tight unyielding osteo - facial compartments secondary to neglected acute comp... |
All procedures were approved by the institutional animal care and use committee of rutgers state university, in compliance with the guide for the care and use of laboratory animals (department of health and human services). We used coulbourn (allentown, pa) conditioning chambers (252928 cm, with aluminum and plexiglas ... |
Streptococcus anginosus is a subgroup of viridans streptococci that are part of the normal flora of the human oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract . Their ability to cause abscesses is very unique and sets them apart from the rest of the streptococci groups . While an association of group d streptococcus bacteremia a... |
Charcot - marie - tooth disease (cmt) is a clinical and genetic heterogeneous group of inherited motor and sensory peripheral neuropathies (hmsn) that affect 1740 per 100,000 inhabitants [1, 2]. Mendelian segregation in families may follow either autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or x - linked patterns . Autosom... |
Death is an important part of human life, and human life alone is a process that changes over time in various forms . Thinking about death has played an important role in human's life from the beginning of human civilization, and since the beginning of recorded human history, truth of death and human limitations in thi... |
Interstitial cystitis / bladder pain syndrome (ic / bps) is a chronic inflammatory condition that is difficult to characterize without precise knowledge of the symptoms and histology that characterizes the disease . Commonly observed symptoms include urinary frequency, urgency, and suprapublic pain that often drastical... |
The complete replacement of mutant mtdna in patient's eggs with healthy mtdna would be the most reliable method to avoid recurrence of mtdna diseases but neither the feasibility nor safety of such a substitution has been evaluated . We hypothesized that mtdna can be efficiently replaced by a novel approach, i.e., spind... |
Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that modulation of glutamatergic activity in the brain may have therapeutic value for the treatment of schizophrenia and anxiety - related disorders [1, 2]. Glutamate acts through ligand - gated ion channels and g - protein - coupled metabotropic glutamate (mglu) receptors . Th... |
Graft - versus - host disease (gvhd) may affect the liver, gastrointestinal tract, and/or skin of patients who have received a hematopoietic cell transplantation . A man with isomorphic cutaneous gvhd presenting as sclerotic - type skin lesions on the waistband is described and chronic gvhd of the skin appearing in a c... |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tb) is an infectious agent that claims about three million lives each year . In contrast to adaptive (acquired) immunity, developed after contact with an antigen and mediated by t lymphocytes, the innate immune system is not dependent on memory of a previous exposure and therefore has no ... |
The idea that nuclear actin plays a role in gene transcription is gaining strong support . Two milestone studies published in the 1980s presented circumstantial evidence that actin is implicated in the transcription of protein - coding genes (egly et al . . However, biochemical observations that supported the idea enco... |
However, if testicular hemorrhagic infarction caused by tt persists for longer than 24 hours, the fertility function of the testis will be diminished (1), and orchiectomy is considered the last resort for nonviable testes . The clinical manifestations of tt are very similar to those of early - stage testicular appendag... |
Sustained hypotension without a decrease in inotropic agents is frequently observed after the return of spontaneous circulation (rosc). The cause of this phenomenon is not fully understood, but several hypotheses have been proposed . Post - rosc hypotension is characterized by profound myocardial stunning, a systemic p... |
Breast cancer most commonly metastasizes to bone, followed by the lung, brain, and liver . Once bone metastasis has occurred, a complete cure is very difficult and assessment of the therapeutic response is limited . Thus, the treatment focus for bone metastasis has been on palliative care rather than a cure . However, ... |
The mesu presents an innovative solution to accessibility by providing a stable, self - sufficient mobile platform that guarantees a controlled and sterile environment for performing cataract surgery in rural locations with no basic amenities . 1, consists of a set of two custom - built vehicles as follows: layout of t... |
Fortunately, the majority of them traverse the gastrointestinal tract without any adverse effects [13]. A large variety of foreign bodies can be swallowed by children including some bizarre foreign bodies . This paper describes two unusual foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract, one was swallowed while the other ... |
Patients with respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), experience respiratory muscle function disorder in which the muscular capacity decreases to compensate for the increased rate of breathing and the increased muscular ventilation load1,2,3 . To address these problems, respiratory... |
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (imft) or inflammatory pseudotumor of the biliary tract is an extremely rare benign disease(1). The clinical manifestations and imaging features of this lesion are similar to the malignant neoplasms of the biliary tree . We present a case of inflammatory pseudotumour of the hilar reg... |
Gingival recession is the denudation of cementum with the migration of epithelial attachment in the direction of root apex . Gingival recession as a clinical entity has been described and documented since last century . While considering the elimination of these defects, the former being the main concern of the patient... |
In recent decades, permanent hair dyes have received considerable attention due to their potent contact allergen p - phenylenediamine (pda). However, hypersensitivity, immune response, or severe allergic reactions following hair - dyeing have been reported.1 in particular, consumer - available pda - containing hair dye... |
The task of group 2 was to review and update the existing data concerning clinical and genetic methods of diagnostics of peri - implantitis . Special interest was paid to the peri - implant crevicular fluid (picf) overview including analysis of enzymes and biomarkers and microbial profiles from implants . The main area... |
Long - term nucleoside analogues (nas) are the 1st - line treatments for chronic hepatitis b (chb) and hbv - induced liver cirrhosis because of less side effects and higher tolerance than pegylated interferon alpha . Entecavir (etv) has been proven to be effective and safe in treating chb, especially for lamivudine (lm... |
Substernal goiter may rarely cause superior vena cava syndrome (svcs) owing to venous compression, and cause acute respiratory failure due to tracheal compression . Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (osas) may rarely occur when there is a narrowing of upper airway by edema and vascular congestion resulting from svcs . W... |
Cancers of the thyroid are common . Approximately 37,000 new cases of thyroid cancer are diagnosed each year in north america and the incidence is increasing . These types of cancers can be classified into (1) those arising from follicular cells and (2) medullary thyroid cancer arising from calcitonin - producing c cel... |
Pancreatic metastases are a common autopsy finding in advanced lung cancer, especially in small cell lung cancer (sclc), but metastasis - induced acute pancreatitis (miap) is unusual 1 . Therefore, little evidence is available regarding treatment strategies for miap with sclc . We report a rare case of miap from sclc i... |
Intense, phase - locked waveforms in the far- to mid - infrared spectral region (multi - terahertz range) are generated by difference frequency mixing of two spectrally detuned near - infrared pulse trains from a dual optical parametric amplifier pumped by a titanium - sapphire laser amplifier21,24 . The few - cycle tr... |
Current next generation sequencing (ngs) technologies can produce gigabase - scales of dna and rna sequencing data within a day at a reasonable cost [13]. Cloud computing has been regarded as a key approach for processing such a planet - size data, and hence, many bioinformatics applications have been migrated to the c... |
Pulpotomy is the most widely accepted clinical procedure for treating primary teeth with inflammation of the coronal pulp caused by caries with no involvement of the radicular pulp . This technique consists of removing the coronal pulp and healing the radicular pulp with a medicament . The purpose is to remove the bact... |
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the lung associated with structural remodelling of the airway wall . As a consequence of long - term exposure to inflammatory mediators, airway smooth muscle mass is increased, and neovascularization is evident in the subepithelial mucosa . Airway fibrosis becomes apparent,... |
Biosphere pollution imposes a need to search for bioindicators enabling evaluation of the quality of environment and identification of trends in its changes . Using biological materials in the determination of environmental pollution as indicators is a cheap and reliable method (faggi et al . Various types of plant, li... |
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