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10-hydroxycamptothecin (hcpt), the natural camptothecin (cpt) analogue, has shown to have a strong antitumor activity against gastric carcinoma, hepatoma, leukemia, and tumor of head and neck in clinical practice [1, 2]. However, the therapeutic potential has been restricted by its low aqueous solubility, in vitro and ... |
Gestational diabetes mellitus (gdm) is defined as glucose intolerance that is first detected during pregnancy . Although the true prevalence of gdm is unknown, gdm is estimated to affect 311% of pregnant women depending on the varying characteristics of the population . In sri lanka, the prevalence of gdm was reported ... |
The nhanes, conducted annually since 1999 by the centers for disease control and prevention, is an ongoing survey designed to measure the health and nutritional status of the civilian noninstitutionalized u.s . The surveys include household interviews, standardized physical examinations, and collection of medical histo... |
Determination of biotin, especially free - form biotin, in foodstuffs is important, because appropriate biotin intake is beneficial in attaining a good quality of life (qol), better health and development of children and adults, improved physical mechanisms that combat aging and disease and efficient mental capacity . ... |
The discoid meniscus was first described by young in 1889, and the prevalence has been reported to range from 0.4% to 20% depending on the method of investigation, selection criteria and the patient population1 - 6). Considering the important function of the meniscus, partial meniscectomy, rather than total meniscectom... |
Fr901464 (1) was isolated from a fermentation broth of the bacterium pseudomonas sp . No . It showed enhancement of activity of a promoter of the sv40 dna tumor virus at 10 nm concentration in m-8 cells . It also displayed dominant cytotoxicity against multiple human cancer cell lines with ic50 values ranging from 0.6 ... |
Despite the advantages of laparoscopic surgery in the colorectal field, some limitations continue to exist (i.e., two - dimensional visualization, fulcrum effect, restricted degrees of motion of the laparoscopic instruments and amplification of physiological tremors, etc). The recent introduction of robotic surgical sy... |
Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (fdg) uptakes in benign inflammatory lymph nodes of mediastinum are frequently observed even in patients with non - thoracic tumor, especially in regions with a high prevalence of granulomatous disease such as tuberculosis (tb). Therefore, mediastinal fdg uptake in patients with non - tho... |
Competition for limited resources and divergent selection arising from differences in the environment are key drivers of ecological adaptive radiation and ultimately speciation . Although usually illustrated by reference to examples such as darwin's finches in the galapagos or the cichlid fishes in east african rift va... |
The enhanced recovery after surgery (eras) concept of multimodal perioperative care was proposed by henrik kehlet almost 2 decades ago and continues to gain support among surgeons from all over the world . In addition to appropriate analgesia, early postoperative oral feeding and mobilization allow for a shortened hosp... |
Acute lung injury (ali) and its extreme manifestation, the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) complicate a wide variety of serious medical and surgical conditions, not all of which affect the lung directly . Ali and ards are defined by varying degrees of refractory hypoxemia seen in association with bilateral l... |
Migraine is a complex disorder of the brain, and its pathomechanism is intensively investigated . Migraine is not as benign a disease as it was thought before the imaging era since migraine is an independent risk factor for deep white matter lesions, silent posterior circulation territory infarcts, and infratentorial h... |
Noise is a common physical exposure in the workplace and noise - induced hearing loss (nihl), the most frequent outcome of this exposure, is the second acquired cause of hearing loss after presbycusis . According to the report of the us department of labor in 2002, about 10 million workers suffer from nihl in the us . ... |
Loss of mdm2 leads to embryonic lethality due to excess apoptosis, which is completely rescued by concomitant deletion of p53 (table 1). This demonstrates that p53 activity is strictly repressed by mdm2 during the developmental stages, . The role of mdm2 in the later stages of the mouse lifespan has also been investiga... |
We evaluated 4 commercially available serologic tests that are approved for chikv testing by the european commission . Two of the tests were rdts for chikv igm: sd bioline chikungunya igm (standard diagnostics inc ., yongin - si, south korea) and onsite chikungunya igm combo rapid test (ctk biotech inc ., san diego, ca... |
Skin carcinomas in facial region frequently appear in the nasal ala where advanced disease and recurrent tumors could infiltrate alar cartilage (staged as t4 by tnm system for non - melanoma skin carcinoma). In those patients radical surgery with excision of full - thickness nasal ala is obligatory as curative procedur... |
Although obesity increases the risk for many chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, and several types of cancer, not all people with obesity develop a chronic disease [13]. Recently, a subset of individuals with obesity who are free of chronic disease, or even the met... |
Osteoporosis is characterised by the reduction of bone mineral density (bmd) and the deterioration in bone architecture . Osteoporosis affects both genders; however is more prevalent in women, particularly following menopause and has been reported to inflict a considerable amount of financial and personal burden . In a... |
Since the successful application of cisplatin (cis - diamminedichloroplatinum) as an anticancer drug, the field of inorganic medicinal chemistry has undergone a revolution . For many years, the field focused on the development of more potent analogues (second- and third - generation derivatives), leading to the fda app... |
However, maternal rubella infection during the first trimester of pregnancy can lead to infection of the fetus, causing hearing impairment, cataracts and congenital heart disease which form the classical triad of congenital rubella syndrome (crs). Thus in high- and middle - income countries, economic benefits from elim... |
Since its identification a decade ago, malt1 has emerged as a critical mediator of t and b cell receptor signaling (uren et al ., 2000; thome, 2008). After antigen receptor engagement, the card - containing scaffold adaptor protein carma1/card11 is phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc or pkc), allowing malt1/bcl-10 ... |
Metastatic breast cancer (mbc) is the second leading cause of cancer - related fatality in women, accounting for more than 40,000 deaths each year . Mbc has a five - year relative survival rate of 23% compared with 99% for patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer . These statistics suggest an urgent and significant ne... |
The most common carcinoma affecting the vagina is metastatic from other primary gynecologic and non - gynecologic sites, including the cervix, endometrium, colon and rectum, ovary, and vulva . Primary vaginal cancer is considered to be a rare entity, accounting for only 2% of gynecologic malignancies [1, 2]. To diagnos... |
A 10-year - old girl [figure 1] attended the author's pediatric dental clinic with a chief complaint of the absence of eruption of the permanent tooth with associated pain, and swelling in the upper left back tooth region . Frontal view of the patient intraoral clinical examination revealed [figure 2] a well - defined ... |
The cells responsible for the preservation of this process are the spermatogonial stem cells (sscs). Sscs derive from the growth - arrested gonocytes of the newborn testis and are situated at the periphery of the seminiferous tubules . Like other stem cells in the body, sscs can either self - renew to maintain the ssc ... |
A 33-year - old female patient who was in a traffic accident was transferred to the emergency room . The abdomen - pelvis ct scan showed 2.7-cm and 1.1-cm lacerations in the right lobe of the liver, direct contusion to the pancreas and retroperitoneal portion of the duodenum, a comminuted fracture in both the sacral al... |
Cardiovascular disease (cvd) events remain the leading cause of mortality and are a major cause of morbidity and disability in both genders worldwide . Cvds cover a collection of various heart and vascular diseases, among these hypertension, coronary heart, and cerebrovascular diseases represent major public health pro... |
There is little in the literature about parental communication of a prior surgery to their child . Specifically, there is limited information on disclosure of urologic surgery which some parents may find difficult to discuss as it often involves socially taboo parts of the body such as the external genitalia . We decid... |
Along with the sequencing of the first human reference genome (1), several lines of human transcriptome study using a large number of validated human transcripts were carried out . As full - length complementary dna (cdna) is the ideal resource for the study, our consortium aimed to collect human full - length cdna seq... |
Equity has been considered as one of the most important aspects of any health system performance over the two recent decades (1). However, the growth of expenditures in health systems and the value of human life have been two main important concerns for health policy makers (2), the increased awareness among people, so... |
Reactive oxygen species (ros) are required for a wide range of normal biological processes, but also have been linked to tissue degeneration and cell death . Thus, there is a clear rationale for the development of small molecule antioxidants with high potency and specificity for damage - inducing or death - promoting r... |
Medical records are used for communication among healthcare professionals to ensure continuity of patient care and to organize planning of treatment strategies . They are not only used for clinical decision - making to document patient s problems and establish an appropriate plan of care, but also as legal documents fo... |
Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (cndi) is characterized by a resistance of renal collecting duct cells to antidiuretic hormone (adh) resulting in a reduced ability to reabsorb water . An autosomal recessive form and rare dominant forms have been ascribed to mutations in the aquaporin-2 (aqp2) gene (omim 12580... |
Smoking, obesity, and hypertension are well - established risk factors of renal cell carcinoma (rcc) [1, 2]. Other risk factors such as dietary practices have been implicated, though inconsistent results have usually been reported for specific dietary components [1, 3]. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables however have ... |
In light of climate change, recent years have seen a rapid adoption of renewable energy production . Because of their inherently variable nature, renewables have placed considerable strain on the power grid which must match energy production to demand . A possible solution to this semisolid flow batteries (ssfbs), a re... |
Genetic studies have found an association between the apolipoprotein e-4 (apoe-4) allele on chromosome 19 and the common form of ad that begins after age 60 . Apoe has three allelic variants (2, 3, and 4) and five common genotypes (2/3, 3/3, 2/4, 3/4, and 4/4). The apoe-4 allele has a dose - related effect on increasin... |
Water that covers about 70% of earth's surface is an essential substance for the nature and the ecosystem of the world . It has a number of unique chemical and physical properties that make it indispensable to life and, in fact, it makes up about 60% of adult body weight [1, 2]. Water is reported to be grouped into atm... |
A 60-year - old man visited our pain clinic with the chief complaint of left facial pain . The patient had been diagnosed with facial herpes zoster in the left v2 area 6 months previously . The left facial pain had continued for 6 months despite medical treatment . During this period, 150 mg pregabalin, 10 mg amitripty... |
They can occur at any age, especially young to middle age, and are comparatively more common in men . They may be classified as low - grade (who grade ii), anaplastic (who grade iii), or glioblastoma multiforme (who grade iv), in the order of increasing malignancy . Currently, these classifications are based on the obs... |
Hereditary factor123 was deemed as a major reason leading to the deformity, however, environment influences such as wearing unfit footwear was also considered to be an important but easily ignored factor . Since the occurrence of hallux valgus not only enlarged the width of forefoot, but also changed the normal loading... |
Pulmonary pseudoaneurysm can have various etiologies including mycotic, syphilis, mycobacterial infection, atherosclerosis or emboli, vascular abnormalities such as cystic medial necrosis, marfan syndrome, behcet's disease, iatrogenic as a complication of pulmonary artery catheterization (0.2%) and post - traumatic . P... |
Low back pain (lbp) is one of the most common complaints in today s society and is the main reason why adults younger than 45 years old experience discomfort1 . Lbp negatively affects the trunk, including its strength and endurance; it brings about abnormal changes in the neuromuscular mechanism that influences trunk s... |
It has minimal extrapyramidal side effects compared to first - generation antipsychotics.1 several cases of fatal sepsis have been reported in neutropenic patients and emphasis is placed on monitoring for agranulocytosis.2 clozapine - related constipation is a recognized side effect, but unfortunately not well known . ... |
Patients were selected from a prospectively collected database of 979 consecutive female patients with a confirmed angiographic or histologic diagnosis of an avm referred to beijing tiantan hospital from 1960 to 2010 . The beijing tiantan hospital served as the referral center for all pregnant women with cerebral avm r... |
All individuals under the age of 18 are considered as children by the convention on the rights of children . Forced marriage at a young age conflicts with turkish and international law . Imam (traditional religious) weddings are not legal and are made outside of formal marriage . Imam weddings engaged in by men who mar... |
Regulation of actin dynamics, cell - substrate adhesion, and ecm remodeling is key to the invasive capacity of oncogenically transformed cells . Transformation of fibroblasts in culture by activated mutants of src, either v - src or c - src (y527f), provides a well - characterized model system for study of regulatory m... |
Van ments (1989) defined role play as one particular type of simulation that focuses attention on the interaction of people with one another . . Role play, which is based on the knowles principles of adult learning, is widely used as an educational method for teaching communication in medical education . In the medical... |
A 64-year - old male was admitted with sudden onset of right - sided hemiparesis, headache, gait disturbance, and recurrent vomiting . The patient regularly took amlodipine besylate (5 mg once a day) for his blood pressure, but nothing for his diabetes . On examination, his pulse was regular, his blood pressure was 160... |
Most of the time, mothers can cope with taking care of their infants and adapt with its familial, socioeconomic, and social consequences . Mothers face numerous challenges in this period, which can affect their ability to enjoy and to be satisfied with taking care of their infants . Researches show that with regard to ... |
The issues of long - term outcome mortality, morbidity and quality of life are finally receiving attention in the field of intensive care research . We owe it to our patients and to their relatives to learn as much as we can about what we as clinicians can do to improve long - term outcome . A recent study focused on a... |
Multiple myeloma is a malignant plasma cell proliferation localized in the bone marrow with debilitating skeletal involvement . Much of its morbidity is accounted to bone pain and pathologic fractures due to the imbalance between bone formation and breakdown in favor of the latter [14]. These complications are due to a... |
Prenatal care is one of the most important components of women's health care and plays a key role in reduction of their mortality . During the frequent visits, not only mother's and fetus s health are noted, but also necessary education, as one of the factors to prevent mortality and prenatal complications, is given to... |
Development of novel bioactive drugs in chemical warfare against bacteria, fungi, and other infectious diseases has become an important and challenging task for the synthetic and medicinal chemists . Many research programs are tailored towards the design and synthesis of new drugs, for their chemotherapeutic applicatio... |
The segmented features can be used for presurgery planification or diagnostic purposes as referred to ciofolo and barillot . For instance, an irregular boundary of a segmented subdural haematoma in the parietal lobe indicates the severity of the traumatic brain injury as acute stage . Parametric segmentation approaches... |
The costs and implications of osteoporotic fractures for national health care systems are increasing rapidly, and as a result, intense efforts are being made to prevent second osteoporotic fractures in people who have already had first . The world health organization (who) has defined osteoporosis as a metabolic bone d... |
In head and neck region, tumors associated with salivary gland are relatively uncommon, affecting predominantly major salivary glands . Minor salivary gland neoplasm are rare accounting for 9 - 23% of all salivary gland neoplasms, out of which clear cell carcinoma (ccc) accounts for just 0.2% . Presence of clear cell m... |
Optimizing tibial base rotational alignment [1, 11, 13] and maximizing tibial coverage [4, 9] are important factors to ensuring the long - term survivorship and function of total knee arthroplasty (tka). Targets for rotational alignment of the tibial base are well documented [1, 11, 13], and tibial mal - rotation has b... |
The continued improvements in dna sequencing technology are rapidly expanding our knowledge of the genomes and, by inference (through the genetic code and prediction of open reading frames), the proteomes of extant species . Combined with information about protein function derived from biochemical and genetic experimen... |
The evaluation of the incidence and mortality of envenomation is necessary to advocate measures that aim to reduce the accidents by venomous animal attacks and promote preventive and therapeutic measures, including the supply of appropriate amounts of antivenoms in places where they are most needed . In numerous tropic... |
Griscelli syndrome (gs) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by pigmentary dilution of skin and hair, variable cellular and humoral immunodeficiency . Recurrent episodes of fever and lymphohistiocytic infiltration of organs lead to hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, pancytopenia, and neurological impa... |
The cervicovaginal cytology specimens were obtained from 1,000 patients with their informed consent at three hospitals between may 1 and august 31, 2012 after approval from the institutional review board . The specimens were prospectively collected with the easyprep and surepath methods at the same time for comparison ... |
Cysteine protease inhibitor tosyl - l - lysine chloromethyl ketone (tlck) was from sigma - aldrich (st . Louis, mo). Recombinant human slpi and elafin (trappin-2), and anti - human elafin were purchased from r&d systems (minneapolis, mn). Recombinant human scca1, scca2, and anti - scca1 and anti - scca2 were prepared a... |
Gastric acid in the stomach facilitates the digestion of protein and also protects against bacterial overgrowth and enteric infections . Gastric acid secretion is stimulated by histamine, gastrin or acetylcholine, mediated via the basolateral surface receptors on the parietal cells . Proton pump inhibitors (ppis) inhib... |
Large numbers of patients are treated in intensive care units (icus) each year in the us, and many individuals who survive a critical illness are left with significant physical and cognitive morbidities . Recent investigations indicate that post - critical illness cognitive impairments occur after the critical illness,... |
Comminuted fracture of patella is most commonly treated by tension band wiring with cerclage wiring . Broken cerclage wiring after such surgery is not uncommon but intra - articular migration of broken cerclage wire a 51-year - old male patient of indian origin which was treated, 15 months back for fracture patella wit... |
Exacerbations are an important feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) since they result in deterioration of a patient s quality of life (seemungal et al 1998), contribute to decline in lung function (donaldson et al 2002), and lead to over 50% of all copd - related costs (ruttenvan molken et al 1999; m... |
In order to increase the gait efficiency of normal gait in daily living, an exercise that can improve the action of weakened muscles or strengthen distal muscles can be employed1 . Furthermore, it is important to conduct efficient and systematic gait training for improvement of balance and gait . To this end, a variety... |
Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator with antagonistic effects in the breast, is an effective treatment for breast cancer . However, with these benefits comes the risk of a variety of side effects, including cerebral venous thrombosis . Although studies imply an association between chemotherapy with tamox... |
An 81-year - old japanese woman presented with a pigmented skin lesion on the left heel (figure 1). Physical examination revealed a dark brown - to - black hyperkeratotic plaque of 10 mm with a sharply demarcated, symmetrical border . Dermoscopic examination demonstrated a scaly surface and regular brown - to - black d... |
These bacteria which belong to the viridans streptococci group (vsg) cause dental caries and infrequently give rise to extra oral infections like subacute bacterial endocarditis [1, 2]. Although dental caries is not usually treated by antibiotics, the vsg have attracted interest due to their potential to act as reservo... |
One - dimensional (1d) semiconducting nanomaterials have proven their promising potential in crucial sensing applications by serving as chemical, biological, and light sensors . In particular, transparent conducting oxide (tco) nanostructures have shown their versatility in sensing various types of analytes ranging fro... |
' idiopathic myelofibrosis' (i m),' agnogenic myeloid metaplasia' or' myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia' are synonymous for a rare chronic myeloproliferative disease . Although the exact molecular and pathogenic mechanisms are not defined, a clonal defect in bone marrow stem cells leads to extramedullary hematopoie... |
Recent advances in nanotechnology have shown that inorganic nanoparticles have attracted immense scientific and technological interest in the areas of catalysis,1,2 sensors,3,4 molecular imaging,58 tissue engineering,9 and drug delivery.10 this is largely due to their nanometer size, unique chemical and physical proper... |
Nanoscale materials and devices are a rapid growing field of research with large impact for knowledge, technology, and economy, and for environment as well . The performance of most of the optoelectronic and photonic devices, e.g., nanocrystalline photovoltaic cells, photo - electrochromic devices, oled, pled and other... |
Vohwinkel syndrome, or keratoderma hereditarium mutilans, is a rare, autosomal dominant genetic skin condition . The syndrome is manifested by palm and sole hyperkeratosis, which creates a typical honeycomb pattern and starfish appearance on extensor surfaces . In a typical manifestation, the finger and/or toe constric... |
We used the cross - sectional method (descriptive / correlational design) in the present study . Jam (104 males, 74 females). Using a cluster - sampling technique, the subjects were selected from the undergraduate students of different disciplines at torbat - jam university . The age of the participants ranged from 18 ... |
Management of ovarian cysts by laparoscopic surgery is well established . In the last couple of years, published reports have led to keen interest in ovarian cystectomy by the single incision laparoscopic surgery (sils) method. [24] however, sils requires increasing technical skills and better instrumentation, preventi... |
Systemic lupus erythematous (sle) is an autoimmune disease with multiple organ involvement (1 - 5). Sle is characterized by the production of unusual antibodies in the blood which mistakenly attacks healthy tissue . It can affects skin, bone marrow, kidneys, joints, heart, brain and other organs (6 - 8). Hematologic ab... |
It has long been recognized that heart failure and renal impairment frequently coexist and that functional decline in one organ system is often associated with a parallel decline in the other . In the past decade, the term cardiorenal syndrome (crs) has been used to describe this complex process . Although initially de... |
Magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is a commonly used method of imaging soft tissue contrast (1). Unlike x - ray - based medical diagnostic techniques such as computed tomography mri scanners have to date been considered safer (ionizing radiation - free) than other radiology diagnostic modalities . However, the frequency... |
Staphylococcus aureus is a human commensal and pathogen that colonizes the nares and throats of approximately 30% of the human population and was responsible for the deaths of approximately 19,000 people in the united states in 2005 (1). S. aureus infections range from relatively mild abscesses to more severe diseases ... |
Centriole assembly facilitates the formation of two centrosomes with a pair of resident centrioles at their core, providing the basis for bipolar spindle organization during mitosis . Duplication also ensures that each daughter cell receives a pair of centrioles with one old, mother centriole and one new, daughter cent... |
Hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is one of the most common malignancies in the world . Multiple etiologies are related to hcc occurrence and development, including chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection, alcohol consumption, and cirrhosis . It has been reported that half of hcc in china occ... |
Globally, sexually transmitted infection (sti) rates are the highest among population subgroups such as sex workers with high rates of partner change and unprotected sex [14]. The presence of an sti increases the risk of acquisition and transmission of hiv [5, 6]. Integrated services for sex workers such as peer educat... |
Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (evar) is an entrenched alternative to open surgical repair (osr) of abdominal aortic aneurysms (aaa). Historically, the incidence of prosthetic aortic graft infections is described as 0.63% . Yet, rarely have graft infections post evar been reported and there is insufficie... |
In modern society, as more people are sitting for longer periods and aging progresses, kyphosis in the thoracic vertebra has been increasing1; this results in rounded shoulders and a decrease in thoracic cavity and vital lung capacity2 . In addition, this slouched posture puts the upper and lower cervical spine into a ... |
Descrever as taxas de cura, falncia e abandono do tratamento da tuberculose com o esquema bsico preconizado pelo ministrio da sade - tratamento com rifampicina, isoniazida, pirazinamida e etambutol por dois meses seguido de isoniazida e rifampicina por quatro meses - utilizando comprimidos em dose fixa combinada em reg... |
As in other scandinavian countries, several databases (here the medical birth registry, benefit and income registries in the national insurance administration, the education register of statistics norway, and the central population register) can be linked by a unique national identification numbers of the child and the... |
It was earlier known by different names such as adamanto - odontome, calcified mixed odontogenic tumor, soft and calcified odontome and ameloblastic odontome . Thoma introduced the term oa in 1970 and this term was included in the 1971 world health organization (who) histological classification of odontogenic tumors . ... |
Fibromyalgia syndrome (fs) is a chronic musculoskeletal pain disorder characterized by widespread pain and tenderness at marked sites of the body defined as tender points . It often is accompanied by other characteristic symptoms as sleep disturbances, fatigue, headache, irritable bowel syndrome, morning stiffness, par... |
Although vulvar varices complicate approximately 15% of all pregnancies and rarely cause bleeding during pregnancy and delivery, a cervical varix, which is rare, can cause massive obstetric hemorrhage . A 40-year - old japanese woman (gravida 2, para 1) presented at our hospital at 18 weeks gestation for prenatal care ... |
Salmonella spp and campylobacter spp are important food - borne pathogens and the consumption of goat's meat or unpasteurised goat's milk and cheese have been associated with some outbreaks of infection in humans . Both salmonella spp and campylobacter spp have been associated with disease in goats but they are also fo... |
Tuberculosis of head and neck region comprises about 10% of all the cases of extra pulmonary tuberculosis, and cervical lymph node is the most common site of extra pulmonary tuberculosis . Head and neck tuberculosis can present in skin, oral cavity, oropharynx, nose, ear, thyroid, larynx, salivary glands, mandible, and... |
Epiduroscopy is a relatively new minimally invasive technique for treatment of chronic low back pain . Recently, some investigators have presented diagnostic role and therapeutic efficacy of epiduroscopy in various kinds of back pain with / without radiculopathy2,3). However, there must be latent risks of dura injury d... |
A diagnosis of sarcoidosis is established when clinical and radiological findings are associated with the histological presence of granulomas and causes other than sarcoidosis have been excluded . The clinical presentation of sarcoidosis can be typical or atypical . In countries in which the number of cases of tubercul... |
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