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Lsg occurs when the gallbladder is found to the left of the falciform ligament, beneath the left lobe of the liver . It is located between segments iii and iv or on segment iii to the left of the round ligament . When lsg is encountered laparoscopically, surgical approach may be challenging since its probable accompany... |
There are 36 known dermacentor tick species worldwide (barker and murrell 2008), and two of them have been found in poland: dermacentor reticulatus (the ornate dog tick or the ornate cow tick) and d. marginatus (the ornate sheep tick). According to siuda (1993) d. marginatus was collected in poland only from wild boar ... |
Epitheloid hemangioma, otherwise known as alhe, i.e., angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia, is a rare benign vasoproliferative disease of unknown etiology . It was first described by wells and whimstar in 1961 who considered it to be a late stage of kimura's disease, but now both are considered to be separate en... |
Marginal mandibulectomies involve resection of the mandibular body with overlying soft - tissues while maintaining the inferior cortex of the mandible and its continuity . Problems associated with such defects depend on the size of the defect and its location in the arch . Anterior defects are more difficult to treat p... |
Jaundice appears during the first week of life in approximately 60% of term and 80% of preterm infants . Jaundice may develop serious complications like kernicterus and lifelong disability [1, 2]. By discharging mothers too early from hospital, complications related to hyperbilirubinemia can affect newborns due to pare... |
We examined archival autopsy samples from 28 consecutive patients dying from severe sepsis or septic shock according to the criteria set forth by the 2003 international sepsis definitions conference (7) (12 males and 18 females; age 3584 yr). The clinical course of the sepsis patients from icu admission to death varied... |
The sos study has been previously described in detail (57,15). In brief, the sos study is a prospective, nonrandomized, controlled interventional trial on the effect of bariatric surgery on mortality and morbidity compared with conventional obesity treatment . A total of 4,047 obese individuals were enrolled from 1 sep... |
Long qt syndrome, which is characterized by an increase in qt interval on electrocardiogram (ecg), makes patients susceptible to cardiac arrhythmias, including torsades de pointes (tdp), followed by repeated syncope episodes and even sudden death (1). The hereditary form is a familial genetic canalopathy (2) and the ac... |
Arachnoid cysts are benign intra - arachnoid collections of cerebrospinal fluid and comprise around 1% of the intracranial masses . Arachnoid cysts of the craniospinal junction are very rare lesions, with only seven cases reported in the literature . But any case presenting with such a large craniospinal arachnoid cyst... |
This work focused on the linkage detection problem in two clinical corpora, clinical trial announcements (cta) and clinical notes (cn). The three specific aims of our research were: (1) to develop linkage detection for medications in two clinical text types relevant for clinical trial eligibility screening (trial annou... |
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world and in korea . In 2012, 1.82 million cases (12.9% of the total number of cancer cases) of lung cancer were diagnosed and it caused 1.6 million deaths worldwide . Interestingly, incidence rate among females in eastern asia is somewhat high, despite the low sm... |
Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (adca) comprises a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a cerebellar ataxic syndrome . As most of the disease phenotypes no longer fit into the categories defined by harding, adca is now classified by the causal mutation or ... |
In recent years, vitamin d insufficiency has been on the rise in general population throughout the world (ginde et al ., 2009). Vitamin d deficiency is linked to decline in lung function, increased inflammation, and reduced immunity (janssens et al ., 2009; litonjua, 2009; kumar et al ., 2011). Epidemiological studies ... |
One of the main requisites of any profession or occupation is the existence of safe space in the workplace . Lack of such conditions will not only hinder affairs, but also have undesirable effects on their outcomes . Therefore, it is necessary to pay much attention to safety and prioritize it over everything . In this ... |
More than 60% of adult females in the united states have abdominal obesity, a condition that independently predicts mortality, major morbidities, and metabolic risk factors in women . Recent data suggest that waist circumference and the prevalence of abdominal obesity continue to increase . Women may be at greater risk... |
Chemomechanical preparation of the root canal system is one of the most important steps in root canal treatment . During chemomechanical preparation, cutting dentin by using hand or rotary instruments results in producing considerable quantities of debris and smear layer . Smear layer is composed of organic and inorgan... |
While all of the above may be predominantly of concern to veterinary medicine, a peculiar new variant of creutzfeldt - jakob disease (cjd, the pendant to bse in humans) was first described in 1996 and has, thus far, taken a toll of 83 lives (table i). As detailed below, there is good reason to suspect that new - varian... |
Understanding the basic physics of ultrasound is essential for acute care physicians who perform point - of - care ultrasound to make accurate critical decisions . Ultrasound is made up of mechanical waves that can transmit through different materials like fluids, soft tissues and solids . Ultrasound frequency is defin... |
Congenital hallux varus of secondary type is associated with polydactyly, syndactyly or other congenital deformities of the foot . Such congenital deformities can be addressed in childhood with soft tissue reconstructive procedures . In adulthood, treatment of these deformities is challenging because of soft tissue con... |
The mesenchymal metaplasias are a rare phenomenon; varying from reactive, degenerative lesions to those able to associate with malignancy or those having a preneoplastic potential . The main significance is that they should not be mistaken for more serious processes, particularly the heterologous elements of a carcinos... |
Recent food shortages, blamed in part on the growth of the biofuels industry (1,2), have created a new awareness of the relationship between food and energy . Food is not only a form of energy but also a consumer of fossil energy in its production, transportation, and preparation . Historically this has been a positive... |
A 37-year - old man with complex heart disease and no history of prior procedures presented to asan medical center with palpitations, dyspnea (new york heart association [nyha] class iv), chest discomfort, and generalized edema . He was diagnosed at the age of 18 years as having left isomerism with azygos continuation ... |
Hypertension is still a major contributor to mortality worldwide, and it is estimated that there are 970 million hypertensives worldwide and it is predicted to increase to 1.56 billion in the year 2025 . The risk for a fail or morbid cardiovascular or cerebral vascular event starts at the systolic blood pressure of 115... |
The sensory neocortex is composed of six layers whose distinct patterns of connectivity underlie their functional properties . A major challenge for understanding information processing in the sensory neocortex is to determine how information is transferred and transformed from the principal cortical input layers to th... |
Juvenile hormone (jh) is a sesquiterpenoid hormone that cooperates with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) to regulate many aspects of insect physiology, including growth, development, and reproduction [1, 2]. In insects, jh is generally synthesized by the corpora allata and contributes to maintain larval growth [2, 3]. 20e is t... |
Half of stroke patients experience hemiplegia, which limits independent life and social participation1 . As a rehabilitation processes, many complicated and unique methods can be adopted, physically, socially, and mentally2 . In the biomedical field, rehabilitation refers to the recovery of damaged individual functiona... |
For prospective parents the option of knowing the fetal sex forms an important aspect during pregnancy . Sometimes early determination of fetal sex is clinically indicated, for example, for women who are carrier of an x - linked genetic condition and for who male foetuses are primarily at risk . In these cases the feta... |
Bhanja virus (bhav) is, together with two african tick - borne viruses kismayo and forecariah, a member of bhanja group (family bunyaviridae) that has not yet been assigned to a recognized genus . The virus was first isolated from the tick haemaphysalis intermedia collected from a paralyzed goat in bhanjanagar (distric... |
Endodontically treated teeth, unlike vital teeth often need a docking intraradical to be restored.1 - 3 teeth in which more than 50% loss of the coronary need intraradical posts to retain restorations mainly on previous elements, providing extra strength to the restoration, either directly or indirectly.4 intraradical ... |
Thyroid cancer is the only one that takes into account the variable age in the staging of the disease.1 studies have shown that the age of the patient at the clinical presentation is a variable independently associated with prognosis.2 3 although for reasons not completely understood, younger individuals usually have b... |
Fortunately, most people infected with some of these diseases have no or develop a fever with other symptoms . However, mosquitoes know no borders and more than one million people worldwide die from mosquito borne diseases every year (becker 2008). Some insecticide groups can be applied to control adults (adulticides) ... |
We used the oir model as a model for neovascular retinopathy as previously described . In brief, mice were exposed to hyperoxia (75% oxygen) between p7 and p12 and subsequently transferred to room air . Mice were euthanized by cervical translocation and eyes collected between p12 and p17 for analysis . Quantification o... |
Foreign body (fb) aspiration is common in children, occurring maximum in less than 3 years of age . The majority of aspirated objects are organic, nuts and seeds being the most common . We had a case of inhaled broken safety pin which could not be procured even on repeated attempts at rigid bronchoscopy . The unusual t... |
Attempts to find evidence of intra - molecular immunological signalling associated with antigen binding and complement activation have a long history . The signal is usually postulated to be structural in character, initiated by antibody - antigen binding and transmitted by sequential structural changes in the fc fragm... |
Use of gingival restoration can reduce the necessity for a surgical procedure to restore missing soft and hard tissues, thereby simplifying and reducing the time and cost of treatment.1 artificial gingival restorations can correct maxillofacial defects, compensate for inadequate maxillomandibular relationships, and pro... |
Cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs can cause acute nausea and vomiting in the first 24 hours, and then delayed emesis between 2 and 6 days . Cisplatin is the example of a drug with high emetic potential, which means that 90% or more of patients will vomit if they do nt receive prophylactic antiemetics . Antiemetics are best ... |
Reports of penetrating craniofacial injuries due to construction equipment are increasing around the world4). Such injuries are typically caused by metal or biological tissue fragments (bone, teeth). Angle grinders consist of high speed revolving discs that can cut concrete or metal2) and can cause high velocity penetr... |
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (dish) is a systemic disease of the axial and peripheral skeleton . Dish results in ossification of soft tissues including the longitudinal spinal ligaments and sites of attachment of tendons and capsules to bone . Dish was first described by forestier and rotes - querol in 1950... |
Bipolar disorder is a common, serious, recurrent illness marked by episodes of depression and mood elevation, and entails serious psychosocial consequences (eg, suicide, incarceration, bankruptcy, divorce, employment termination, occupational disability, and diminished social function).1 it is one of the leading causes... |
Denture - induced stomatitis (atrophic chronic candidiasis) is an inflammatory lesion of the denture bearing mucosa that affects approximately 50% of patients wearing maxillary complete dentures, and has a multifactor etiology . Factors of particular significance are trauma caused by the denture itself, infection by ca... |
This study is part of the ongoing prospective monocentric surdiagene study, which aims to identify the genetic and environmental determinants of microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes (11). Patients with t2d were recruited and followed regularly at the university hospital of poitiers, france, ... |
Subjects were recruited from the diabetes clinic at boston children s hospital between september 2011 and april 2012 . Eligibility criteria included type 1 diabetes diagnosed by a pediatric endocrinologist, age <7 years, duration of diabetes> 6 months, and insulin pump use> 6 weeks . Subjects were excluded for any sign... |
Changes in cortical mapping begin seconds after the loss of the limb and can continue to change years after the injury (kaas et al ., 1983; merzenich et al ., 1983; merzenich and jenkins, 1993) previous studies have found that following upper extremity amputation, cortical sensory representations for the adjacent intac... |
Radicular pain has been described for the first time by dandy in 1929 as a clinical syndrome due to the extradural mass9). Mixter and barr have proposed in 1934 that the extruded material may lead to sciatic pain and have described the surgical intervention to perform on the disc1). In literature, there are many studie... |
An 81-year - old man with past medical history of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and chronic back pain presented with weight loss, decreased appetite, and abdominal pain of 4 weeks duration . Supplemental history provided by the family indicated that he had become more withdrawn and lethargic over a poorly defin... |
A 43-year - old caucasian woman presented with a history of recurrent painful subcutaneous nodules at the lower extremities (fig 1a). Skin biopsy had revealed lymphocytic lobular panniculitis and led to the diagnosis of erythema nodosum . In addition, the patient had recurrent ulcers of the calves in which biopsies had... |
Non - fermenting gram - negative bacterial pathogens (nfgnbps) are a common cause of opportunistic infections in critically ill or immunocompromised patients (1). Nfgnbps are commonly responsible for infections in intensive care units (icus) (2), and they have been associated with prolonged hospitalization, considerabl... |
Cf is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterised by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) protein . It is the most common inherited metabolic disorder among caucasians of european descent, with the most common defect being the f508cftr mutation which ... |
Coats disease is an idiopathic, retinal telangiectasia characterized by dilated, smaller - to - medium sized blood vessels with an irregular caliber and with intraretinal and/or subretinal exudation without appreciable retinal or vitreal traction [1, 2]. The disease is usually unilateral (95%), occurs mainly in males (... |
At (proposed systematic terminology aug2 in the augustine system) is a highfrequency red blood cell (rbc) antigen found on the rbcs of over 99% of individuals 1 . The negative phenotype at(a) is rare worldwide and has only been identified in individuals of west african or west indies ancestry 2 . Examples of antiat ant... |
Coronary artery aneurysms (caa) are localized dilatations of the coronary artery exceeding the diameter of the adjacent normal segment by 50% and are detected incidentally in only 0.15% to 4.9% of patients who undergo coronary angiography . Giant caa, which are defined as having a diameter of 2 cm or greater, are rarer... |
Vitiligo is a depigmenting disease with possible autoimmune etiologystress is involved in induction of vitiligoheat shock proteins (hsps) are prime candidates to connect stress to the skinhsps were found to be implicated in autoimmune diseases . Vitiligo is a depigmenting disease with possible autoimmune etiology stres... |
In 2005, a syndrome with prominent psychiatric symptoms, memory loss, decrease in level of consciousness, and central hypoventilation was described in young women with ovarian teratoma and antibodies against an antigen highly expressed in the hippocampus . Soon thereafter the target antigen was identified as the n - me... |
Uterine cervical cancer is the most common primary cancer in women in emerging countries, with 454,000 cases and 200,000 deaths worldwide in 2010 . The pattern of metastatic diffusion initially involves pelvic lymph nodes, followed by para - aortic nodes and distant sites . The most frequent metastatic sites are the lu... |
Dermanyssus gallinae: a total of 239 samples of d. gallinae were collected from 226 chicken farms from 2005 to 2012 in 40 prefectures in japan . All samples were fixed in 99.5% ethanol and stored at room temperature until use . Dna extraction: dna was prepared from the whole body of each individual adult mite obtained ... |
Low back pain (lbp) is a very common disease in both developed and developing countries1,2,3,4, and it easily develops into a chronic disease5 . Most low back pain patients do not need to receive surgery to alleviate the pain . Chee - gong) is a method of complementary and alternative medicine . It is practiced to regu... |
Poliovirus (pv), known to be the causative agent of poliomyelitis, is a human enterovirus that belongs to the picornaviridae . After oral ingestion of pv in humans, the virus may suffer the low ph in stomach to decrease its viability (ohka et al . Then, the virus multiplies in the alimentary mucosa (bodian, 1955; sabin... |
Hirsch6) reported successful results from his discectomy without intervertebral body fusion in 1960, and various approaches have been suggested by other authors7 - 9,16). However, complications were also reported related to the anterior surgery from the injury of vertebral artery, nerve root and spinal cord during the ... |
Nanoscaled systems for drug delivery, such as liposomes, micelles, polymer nanoparticles or polymersomes, have received remarkable attention and are in the process of becoming a well - established technology to serve as efficient therapeutic tools against serious diseases including cancer, infectious or neurodegenerati... |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm) in itself is associated with poorer health - related quality of life (hrqol). People with t2 dm are susceptible to develop long term complications, such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and chronic heart disease, which negatively influence hrqol . To prevent or delay development... |
Reactive oxygen species (ros) are damaging, highly reactive, reduced forms of oxygen, produced in a wide range of physiological processes, including as a by - product of aerobic respiration in the mitochondria, and following exposure of cells to environmental agents such as uv light and drugs / xenobiotics (gutteridge ... |
We report a case of herpetic epithelial keratitis that developed after subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide injection (sti). A 65-year - old female with anterior uveitis and hypotony in her right eye was given a sti (2 mg/0.5 ml). A clinical examination was performed and real - time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) w... |
Use of this antiplatelet agent, as monotherapy, is recommended for prevention of myocardial infarction in high risk patients (eg, patients with a history of myocardial infarction (mi), stroke, or peripheral artery disease), as well as for secondary prevention of strokes.13 its use, in conjunction with aspirin, is recom... |
Polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, with an estimated incidence rate of 510% [1, 2]. The syndrome has a heterogeneous presentation, which includes hirsutism, often related to hypersecretion of ovarian androgens, anovulation, menstrual irregularity... |
Diabetic nephropathy (dn) is one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes and the leading cause of end - stage renal disease . The prevalence of dn is growing dramatically despite considerable attention from the public [2, 3]. Mesangial cell (mc) proliferation and excessive mesangial extracellular ma... |
Local anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery was first introduced by koller in 1884.1 with the help of newly discovered topical cocaine, ophthalmic procedures could be performed more skillfully and more safely than with the conventional adjuncts of general anesthesia, hypnosis, or no anesthesia at all . Within weeks of koll... |
Prior to the introduction of the bonding technique, orthodontic brackets were attached to metal bands that were individually fitted and cemented to each tooth . Bonding of brackets using acid etching and composite resin has been a major advancement in orthodontics after introduction of edgewise principle . Bonded brack... |
In backward walking (bw) it is necessary to balance while moving backward, and this is difficult for elderly people and people with injury to the central nervous system, such as stroke patients . Bw training and bw training on a treadmill are effective at improving measures of walking ability such as walking speed and ... |
Fournier's gangrene (fg) is a life - threatening, rapidly progressive necrotizing infection of the perineal, perianal, and genital regions . The mortality of fg ranges between 7.5% and 88%, depending on patient risks, comorbidities, and severity of presentation, with most reports citing 2040% mortality . Prompt diagnos... |
Ureteral stones are usually small in size and, depending on their size, may pass spontaneously . However, stones larger than 1 cm in diameter and more than 0.1 g are less likely to pass spontaneously . An impacted calculus may continue to increase in its longitudinal diameter rather than the transverse diameter after s... |
Tumor size is known as an important prognostic factor in localized renal cell carcinoma (rcc), and staging and selection of an appropriate treatment depend on the size of the tumor . Most research on the prognostic value of tumor size has been based on pathologic size rather than radiologic size . On the other hand, tr... |
One of the central questions in neuroscience is how memories are formed and stored in the human brain . From a large number of studies on laboratory animals it is known that learning and memory are most likely mediated by activity - dependent neuronal circuit modifications resulting from synaptic plasticity (bliss and ... |
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa) has high risk for aortic rupture and constitutes one of the major causes of elderly death, sometimes being associated with coronary ectasia . Compared to occlusive atherosclerosis such as carotid atheroma, aaa affects much more extensive layers of blood vessels but shares some pathogenic... |
Myopic foveoschisis (mfs) in highly myopic eyes is a more recently recognized clinical entity whose clinical description has been facilitated via optical coherence tomography (oct) studies . Previously, myopic foveoschisis has been poorly characterized and may have been mistaken for macular holes or shallow retinal det... |
Treatment of infection, failure to wean, tracheostomy and then a slow wean from ventilation over days or weeks . This is the usual course in intensive care for a patient intubated and ventilated due to an infective exacerbation of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). With patient s consent, we present s... |
Budd chiari syndrome is a rare disease (occurring in one in a million) characterized by hepatic venous outflow obstruction at any level from the small hepatic veins to the atriocaval junction . It presents with the classical triad of abdominal pain, ascites, and hepatomegaly . Here, we describe a case of budd chiari sy... |
Malaria is the most prevalent parasitic disease in the world . Each year 300 to 500 million cases occur worldwide, and approximately one to three million people die of malaria (1, 2). Among the four species of human plasmodium, p. vivax, which causes malaria in temperate zones and also in large areas of tropical region... |
Immunosuppression regimens containing mycophenolate mofetil (mmf) and tacrolimus (tac) have demonstrated effectiveness to prevent acute rejection in solid organ transplant recipients [1, 2]. Furthermore, mmf and tac are listed as preferred agents in solid organ transplant clinical practice guidelines such as the kidney... |
Solid pseudopapillary tumor (spt) of the pancreas are one of the most uncommon histotypes (<3%) of all exocrine pancreatic neoplasms . We present a case of pancreatic spt with concomitant cervical cancer and postulate the role of e - cadherin / catenin adhesion complex in their carcinogenesis . A 38-year - old married ... |
At the beginning of this new decade, considerable research has focused on novel cardiovascular risk factors, among which were apolipoproteins . Apolipoprotein b (apob), which indicates the number of potentially atherogenic lipoprotein particles, and apolipoprotein a (apoa), which associates with anti - atherogenic hdl ... |
The treatment option of single - implant supported restorations has been largely accepted by the outcomes of longitudinal studies reported in the literature . In spite of high prosthetic success rates, mechanical complications are commonly found on such restorations, and the most frequent is the loosening of the screw ... |
We find that synovial fluid gram - stain microscopy as used at present is of no value in the diagnosis of septic arthritis, with a false negative diagnosis rate of 78%, as we show by analysing microbiological data collected during 9 years at the manchester royal infirmary . Our result is consistent with previous values... |
There is a large class of novel nanostructures with helical geometries including boron carbide, sic and zno nanosprings, carbon and zno nanohelices, and carbon nanocoils . Among them, carbon nanocoil (cnc) (also known as coiled carbon nanotube) has attracted particular attention due to its structural correlation with c... |
Therapy - related leukemia (trl) is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that occur as a late consequence of exposure to certain cytotoxic agents and/or radiation therapy for a primary cancer or after immunosuppressive treatment . Oxaliplatin (oxp) is a key drug for the treatment of colorectal cancer (crc) [3, 4]. The in... |
Between may 2004 and july 2005, aahs were pathologically confirmed in eight patients at our institution . Five patients had undergone standard thoracotomy either by lobectomy (n = 2), segmentectomy (n = 1), or wedge resection (n = 2), and three patients had video - assisted thoracic surgery (vats) performed on them . T... |
For example, cytokines regulating inflammatory response include interleukins that are responsible for communication between white blood cells, chemokines that promote chemotaxis, and interferons that have antiviral effects . Moreover, these molecules are involved in both innate and adaptive immunity, playing a signific... |
The fluoroquinolones are the fastest growing antibacterial class in terms of global revenue, increasingly being used in dairy animals to treat a wide range of infectious diseases . Moxifloxacin is an 8-methoxy quinolone, derived originally from nalidixic acid that has undergone first a piperazine substitution at positi... |
As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors . Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re - organized for online delivery, but are not copy - edited or typeset . Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) s... |
Sheehan's syndrome (ss) is an adrenal - pituitary insufficiency from hypovolemia secondary to excessive blood loss during or after delivery . It may present in post - partum period or several years after delivery (4). Abnormalities of hypophyseal arteries including external compression, vascular spasm and thrombosis ha... |
Manpower is the most important and the most valuable asset of any organization and success or failure of every organization strongly depends on the performance of manpower . Hospitals, as organizations that play an important role in health of people in society, are not only excluded from this issue, but they also rely ... |
We enrolled 328 hbv hepatitis patients who had been diagnosed with hcc based on a resected specimen and whose medical records and formalin - fixed paraffin blocks of tumor tissue were available from the archives of the department of pathology at seoul national university hospital (snuh) from 1998 to 2004 . We excluded ... |
Several cases have been reported in the literature with different names, including composite carcinoid, mucin - producing carcinoid, argentaffin cell adenocarcinoma, goblet cell carcinoid, adenocarcinoid, small cell undifferentiated carcinoma, etc . The initial classification of such neoplasms was made by lewin in 1987... |
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