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A tripartite fiv vector system was used to produce vesicular stomatitis g (vsv - g) pseudotyped lentiviral vectors consisting of envelope plasmid pmd.g, packaging plasmid pfp93, and fiv transfer vector ginsin - encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) and neomycin resistance via an internal ribosomal entry si... |
Skin - bleaching practices, such as using skin - lightening creams and soaps to achieve a lighter skin tone or to whiten skin, are common among non - white populations throughout the world, triggered by deep historical, economic, sociocultural, and psychosocial roots [15]. The exact prevalence of this practice among di... |
Distinguishing males from females and the differences in ethnic groups by analyzing the morphological characteristics of bone is important in the fields of physical and forensic anthropology . The mandible is the strongest bone in the human body and persists in a well - preserved state longer than any other bone . Ther... |
Temporal lobe epilepsy (tle) has been associated with hippocampal sclerosis and pathological changes in the closed neighboring structures, including entorhinal cortex, amygdala and dentate gyrus [13]. Scalp electroencephalogram (eeg) recordings from patients with tle usually demonstrate interictal and ictal epileptifor... |
Osteoma is a benign osteogenic tumor arising from the proliferation of the cancellous or compact ivory osteoma bone . It can be central osteoma arising from the endosteum, peripheral osteoma (po) arising from the periosteum or extra - skeletal soft tissue osteoma that usually develops within the muscle . These occur fr... |
The current issam (international society for study of the aging male), eau (european association of urology), and bssm (british society for sexual medicine association) definition of late onset hypogonadism [1, 2] isa biochemical syndrome associated with advancing age and characterised by a deficiency in serum androgen... |
Focal atrial tachycardia (fat) is a relatively uncommon entity causing supraventricular tachycardia . In many cases, it is well established that foci of atrial tachycardia tend to cluster at specific atrial structures . For the right atrium (ra), these foci are frequently localized along the crista terminalis . Other c... |
Cardiovascular diseases (cvds) are the leading cause of mortality for both men and women in the united states (us), with one in every four deaths being attributed to heart disease . Of the 370,000 deaths caused by coronary artery disease (cad) every year, about 20.8% are hispanics . Compared with non - hispanic whites ... |
Glycemic control is still the mainstay of type 2 diabetes (t2 dm) management, as a level of hba1c of 7% or below has been associated with a reduction in both microvascular and macrovascular complications (1). Despite the wide range of antihyperglycemic drugs available, current therapeutic strategies fall short of optim... |
Despite the widespread use of bone - targeted agents in the care of patients with bone metastases from prostate and breast cancer, questions regarding the optimal; choice of agent, dose, dosing frequency, and duration of therapy remain unanswered,,,,, . Our research group is interested in designing and performing pragm... |
The residual and resistant microorganisms have been recognized as the basic reason for failures in root canal treatments . Fungi, chemoorganotrophic eukaryotic microorganisms, may play a key part in periradicular diseases . While they have been found sporadically in initial root canal infections, failure of some endodo... |
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory primary demyelinating disease of the central nervous system of unknown etiology; as a result curative therapies have not yet been described [1, 2]. However, in the last two decades, after the discovery and approval of immunomodulators which specifically modify the natural hi... |
Coronary artery bypass graft (cabg) surgery is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide, intended to treat ischemic heart disease and alleviate angina pectoris.13 despite advances in the surgical procedure, neurological injury is still an important complication after cabg surgery and is found in... |
Among the general population, it has been assumed that an average of 150 to 250 g of lead is ingested through food each day, five to ten percent of which is absorbed (1, 2). The other sources for lead poisoning may be lead - soldered kettles, cans, and lead - glazed pottery, which release lead when acidic fluids are st... |
In early january 2005, the french yersinia national reference laboratory (ynrl) received 3 y. pseudotuberculosis strains isolated by the same laboratory in dijon over a 1-week period: 2 from fecal samples of 2 children attending the same daycare center and 1 from the blood of a 65-year - old woman . During the same mon... |
However, laparoscopic suturing requires advanced skills, which are mastered during advanced laparoscopic training . Laparoscopic surgery requires many small and precise movements to manipulate and suture tissue in a confined space; it has shown applicability in pancreatic tumor for staging the disease and at the time o... |
A 57-year - old woman visited our hospital with right flank discomfort of two - month duration . The serum ca 19 - 9 level was slightly elevated at 45.2 u / ml (normal range: 0 - 37 u / ml). Urine analysis demonstrated three to four white blood cells per high - power field, but the patient denied dysuria or other urina... |
Micronodules may be found during neck examination for non - nodular thyroid diseases, as well as in nodular thyroid disease when a clinical thyroid nodule is found to be associated with other non - clinically detected thyroid micro - nodules . Generally, most patients with thyroid nodules lacked symptoms, with 5~10% of... |
The action of phospholipase a2 (pla2) on membrane phospholipids produces free fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (aa) and the phospholipid backbone . To the former belongs eicosanoids (such as prostaglandins, prostacyclin, thromboxane, and leukotrienes) through the cyclooxygenase (cox) and lipoxygenase (lox) pathways... |
The increasing popularity of esthetic restorations has drawn attention to long - term durability and bond success of these restorations . Adequate isolation and contamination control must be considered before bonding procedures . However, the difficulty of achieving moisture control is a potential problem encountered i... |
Increasingly important polylactide (pla), a main biodegradable and biobased candidate for replacement of petrochemical polymers, which can be produced from annually renewable resources, has the glass transition temperature tg of 5560 c . As a consequence, pla is stiff and brittle at ambient conditions, which limits its... |
Roughly 3040% of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (pdac) have locally advanced disease . Their prognosis is not really different from that of patients with metastatic pdac . In about one third of the patients, if complete (r0) resection is possible, patients have a similar overall survival (os) as those w... |
Duodenal tumors are extremely rare, with only 0.1% prevalence according to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy screenings [1, 2]. Duodenal tumors may be adenomas or adenocarcinomas; however, most are adenomas in the descending portion . Patients with ampullary tumors typically present with jaundice or pancreatitis due to ... |
Malignant melanoma (mm) is a skin malignant tumor which derives from melanocytes and can originate in any part of the body that contains these cells . Primary extracutaneous mm is rare and can present in ocular, rectal, mucosal, under the nail, conjunctival, vaginal, urogenital, esophageal, and meningeal locations . In... |
To generate -cell specific pkckn transgenic mouse lines, the rip - i / pkckn chimeric gene containing the k376r mutation was excised from the plasmid, purified, and microinjected into fertilized eggs as described previously (10,11). Two transgenic mouse lines (#179 and #162) on a c57bl/6 background were selected and an... |
U 1 pacjenta stwierdzono uraz tchawicy w szyjnym odcinku, a u pozostaych 23 w czci piersiowej . Zabieg chirurgiczny obejmowa napraw boniastej czci tchawicy z dostpu poprzez praw torakotomi u 10 chorych (u 1 do pokrycia uyto mini midzyebrowych), samorozpralny metalowy stent zaoono u 1 pacjenta . I przeyku, u 1 sleeve - ... |
The most commonly reported etiologic microorganisms of this rare condition are citrobacter diversus proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens, and other enterobacteriaceae . A male preterm of approximate 34 weeks gestation, weighing 1.9 kg, appropriate for gestational age was delivered vaginally to... |
The gfi1 mouse line (gfi1, mgi: 2449921) was provided by dr . Vaginal plugs were checked the next morning before 10:00 am, and the time - mated embryos were dissected as described elsewhere . All animal procedures and experiments were approved by the cleveland clinic animal care and use committee . Tissues were fixed i... |
Lung cancer is considered the most common cancer worldwide, with estimates of 1.6 million new cancers diagnosed each year . It is also the leading cause of cancer - related deaths, accounting for an estimated 1.4 million deaths per year.1 some studies estimate that 30 to 70% of the patients who die from cancer have spi... |
Multiple sclerosis (ms) is a complex and clinically heterogeneous inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that often results in marked physical and cognitive impairment . During the course of the disease, the tissue of the entire central nervous system is affected by demyelination, axonal damag... |
Histologically it can be categorized as one of five histologic subtypes: capillary, cavernous, venous, arteriovenous or mixed . Case reports describe hemangiomas of the chest wall arising from intercostal muscles (intramuscular, intercostal) or from the medullary canal of the rib (bone hemangioma). We describe a patien... |
The development of multidrug resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a significant public health risk across the world . Methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has become one of the pathogens of greatest concern due to its ability to cause a wide range of infections ranging from localized skin conditions to ... |
Diabetic nephropathy is a complex disease affecting approximately 30% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm) and leading to increased morbidity and mortality . The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is multifactorial; however, the mechanisms that drive its development remain largely undetermined [2, 3]. Du... |
In korea, the incidence and mortality rate of invasive cervical cancer have decreased since the introduction of a national cervical cancer screening program . However, it has been suggested that the incidence of cervical cancer among young korean women has increased during the last two decades . Furthermore, changes in... |
Nosocomial infections are responsible for death of 4 - 56% of hospital - born neonates in various countries . Thus, control of infectious agents is of much importance, particularly in the hospital environments . Nosocomial infections lead a prolonged hospital stay, increased hospital costs, and anxiety of parents and f... |
Dna is a highly polar molecule, evolved to be stable in high - dielectric environments, such as aqueous solution, which is the main environment considered in most experimental and theoretical studies . However, understanding the properties of dna in low - polarity environments is crucial for many nanotechnological appl... |
An increase in the consumption of sugar - sweetened beverages (ssbs) and the prevalence of childhood obesity have occurred in tandem . In the united states (us) between 1977 and 2002 the increase in calories consumed from soft drinks and other sweetened beverages increased 230% and 170%, respectively . Concurrently, th... |
Deaths due to trauma have increased by 62.9% in 2014 as compared to 2004 in india as per the national crime records bureau (ncrb). There is a paucity of literature on prehospital care, emergency care, and epidemiology of traumatic cardiac arrest (tca). Hence, the present study has tried to highlight the profile and cha... |
Professional response to the psychological needs of individuals exposed to acute, sudden, and catastrophic natural disasters or terrorism has been the focus of recent research and has become an essential component of comprehensive disaster relief services . However, the human emotional response, resiliency, and potenti... |
The developing nervous system in utero is exposed to myriad influences with potentially far reaching consequences . Most of the research in this area is directed towards understanding the adverse influences and their structural or functional pathogenesis . However, it is also attractive to investigate if foetal neurode... |
Tumor that extends into pulmonary veins may cause the pulmonary vein flow stasis, and/or vascular injury results in thrombosis generation [25]. Pulmonary veins infiltration by tumors or compression by affected lymph nodes result in venous stasis is also a potential reason to develop thrombosis [25]. Impedance of blood ... |
Crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus is an enveloped rna virus of the family bunyaviridae (genus nairovirus) and causes severe viral hemorrhagic fever . Although it is primarily an animal disease, sporadic cases and outbreaks of cchf affecting, humans do occur . Cchf outbreaks constitute a threat to public he... |
Preterm premature rupture of membranes (pprom) occurs in approximately 3% of all pregnancies, accounting for nearly 1/3 of all preterm births [15]. Moreover, pprom is a contributor to perinatal morbidity and mortality primarily due to its association with delivery remote from term, chorioamnionitis, placental abruption... |
Vitelliform lesions (vls) correspond to an accumulation of yellowish material in the subretinal space . [1, 2]. These lesions may evolve over time and may be classified in the following stages: stage i (previtelliform): normal or only subtle rpe changes (tiny, central honeycomb structure centrally), normal vision.stage... |
Indoor concentrations of chemicals and resulting human exposures often substantially exceed corresponding outdoor concentrations, mainly because there are significant indoor emission sources and with much lower dilution volumes . For example, typical concentrations measured for tetrachloroethylene and formaldehyde in t... |
Obesity has become recognized as a worldwide health threat and a major public health challenge . There is currently a lack of simple and effective therapies or preventative treatments against obesity, and the mechanisms involved in the onset of diet - induced obesity remain unknown . There is growing evidence that cell... |
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (tens) is commonly used in the clinical management of chronic pain, such as for patients with low back pain and knee osteoarthritis1,2,3 . Typically for chronic pain management, tens is applied to the peripheral site of the lesion, with the stimulation administered for at lea... |
B6 mice carrying myd88 and tlr mutations were backcrossed 10 - 12 times to nod / ltj males and intercrossed to produce ko and heterozygous animals . Gf animals were re - derived from nod / ltj females impregnated by nod.myd88ko males and kept gf at taconic farms, germantown, ny, the university of chicago and washington... |
Total knee arthroplasty (tka) is a successful treatment applied worldwide for end - stage osteoarthritis . A good postoperative alignment is the foundation of achieving satisfactory treatment results and longevity of the prostheses . In conventional tka, bone cutting is guided by an intramedullary (i m) system on the f... |
It is commensal microorganism that constitutes a major component of the normal skin and mucosal microflora of humans . However, in recent years these bacteria have emerged as an opportunistic pathogen, important causative agents of bacteremia, and the leading cause of nosocomial infections particularly associated with ... |
The emergence and spread of carbapenemase - producing enterobacteriaceae is an increasing problem of global dimensions . Originally, metallo--lactamases (mbls) were associated with resistance in gram - negative non - fermenters, but they have become increasingly important regarding carbapenem resistance in enterobacter... |
Type and screen (t&s), done pre - operatively to prevent complications from blood transfusion incompatibility between donor and recipient for existence of alloantibody . Alloantibody screening is a laboratory method for detection of broad range unexpected (usually clinically significant, igg) an antibody(s) against an ... |
Microorganisms and their by - products are considered to be the major cause of pulp and periradicular pathosis . Anaerobic bacteria especially black - pigmented gram - negative species have been linked to the signs and symptoms of these diseases . Facultative bacteria such as enterococcus faecalis have also been isolat... |
Many receptors for hormones, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, chemokines, and autocrine and paracrine signaling molecules interact with heterotrimeric g proteins to exert their actions on target cells; these receptors are considered g protein coupled receptors (gpcrs). It is estimated that more than 800 gpcrs are enco... |
In cancer diagnosis, cancer patients with the same diagnostic profile may have different clinical outcomes . The difference probably lies in the limitation of the traditional classification of tumor types, based mainly on morphology . A reliable and precise classification of tumors is essential for successful diagnosis... |
For increasing the success rate of implant surgery, various scaffolds and methods have been developed to augment atrophic alveolar ridge . Generally, autologous bone augmentation has been penetrating as a golden standard bone augmentation; however, most of the patients might not be feasible for extracting their own bon... |
We report a case of kawasaki disease with para aortic lymphadenopathy, as an unusual feature in this disease . This 2.5 year old girl presented with persistent high grade fever, erythematous rash, bilateral non purulent conjunctivitis, red lips, and edema of extremities . Laboratory results included an elevated erythro... |
For analysis of frontal sinus configuration, individuals who came for paranasal sinus radiograph investigation were selected . The study population comprised thirty individuals (15 males and 15 females) between 20 and 30 years of age without any history of sinusitis, surgery, or any trauma . Paranasal sinus views were ... |
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is an infectious disease caused by the leishmania parasite that is transmitted through the bites of phlebotominae sand flies . Cl is characterized by broad clinical polymorphism varying from localized to diffuse and disseminated lesions . Localized cl (lcl) is the most prevalent clinical ma... |
According to the american cancer society, colorectal cancer (crc) is the third most common cancer diagnosed and the third leading cause of cancer - related mortality in both men and women in the united states (us). While these statistics are alarming, the death rate from crc has decreased for more than 20 years due to ... |
The goal is to provide optimal healthcare to the global population and clinical laboratory practice is inexorably moving towards harmonization . As stated by greenberg, an increasingly important objective in laboratory medicine is ensuring the equivalency of test results among different measurement procedures, differen... |
Capsular block syndrome (cbs) has been known to occur as a rare complication of cataract surgery with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (ccc) and a posterior - chamber lens implant . Typically, it presents with reduced vision in the early postoperative period and is characterised by a forward displacement of the pos... |
The heat exposure will initially create the heat strain but in long - term exposures, it will cause some problems such as muscle cramps, heat stroke, heat syncope, heat exhaustion, less productivity, more accident rate and less safety level in workplaces . There are various strategies in the field of engineering and ad... |
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death among middle - aged men, along with cancer and cardiovascular disease1 . Stroke is categorized as either cerebral hemorrhage, which arises from the rupture of blood vessels in the brain, or cerebral infarction, which is caused by blocked or narrowed blood vessels2 . Limitati... |
The determination of the width of the implant is the first key step to select shape and volume of the implant in breast augmentation . The aim of this study was to introduce a new method to determine the width of the implant (w) and explain the reasons to do so in details . Cd4 theory to determine the width of breast i... |
We studied 53 mdr m. tuberculosis strains isolated from different patients between 1993 and 2001 at the bangui pasteur institute . Fourteen of these patients were hiv positive, 30 were hiv negative, and 9 were of undetermined status . A non - mdr, nonbiased control group, which included 263 m. tuberculosis and 2 m. bov... |
Unlike wound healing, which is common to all animals, the capacity for regeneration varies between and within species and phyla . Species with the potential to regenerate the heart essentially use two strategies; progenitor cell proliferation, or dedifferentiation and subsequent division of the cells surrounding the in... |
To report a first case of bullous pemphigoid (bp) following intravenous fluorescein for fundus angiography . Clinical features: a 70-year - old male patient he reported a history of fundus fluorescein angiography with a pre - diagnosis of senile macular degeneration 2 months prior to presentation . At that time, fluore... |
Numerous publications present anti - hcv prevalence in particular groups: blood or plasma donors, hemodialyzed and post - transfusion subjects, intravenous drug users, subjects with high - risk behaviour, health care workers, and patients with liver diseases . Among these groups only data from studies of blood donor vo... |
Neuroendocrine lung tumors arise from a population of neuroendocrine cells normally present in the bronchoalveolar structures and are characterized by secretory activity and ability to take up and decarboxylate the amine precursors (apud system cells). These neuroendocrine phenotypical and morphological characteristics... |
Numerous studies have been conducted about stress and burnout in the healthcare professionals including doctors, nurses and dentists . However, there are few formal studies about stress in veterinary surgeons . Is it linked to a lack of interest in the subject or to the fact that veterinary surgeons are not concerned w... |
Multifocal motor neuropathy (mmn) is an immune - mediated disorder that is characterized by slowly progressive and asymmetrical weakness, but its pathophysiological mechanism is uncertain . The hypothesis that mmn is an immunological disease has been supported by the proven therapeutic effects of intravenous immunoglob... |
We conducted a systematic search of cinahl, pubmed, and psycinfo to identify all empirical studies published between january 1995 and april 2013 about african american women and genetic testing and/or counseling . The following search terms were used to identify all relevant publications: african american, black, breas... |
Its incidence worldwide is 10.1 in every 100,000 men and 2.5 in every 100,000 women . The highest incidence rate of bladder cancer in europe is seen in the western and southern regions, whereas eastern europe has the lowest incidence rate . The worldwide mortality rate is 4 in every 100,000 men and 1.1 in every 100,000... |
Trauma is the leading cause of death world wide and traumatic brain injury (tbi) is one of the commonest injuries associated with it . Not only the mortality is considerable, but also, the degree of morbidity and the overall social outcome are severely affected . The need for urgent resuscitation is warranted for preve... |
Over the last three decades, there have been advances in the diagnostic techniques and treatment modalities available for cancer patients, which have led to earlier detection of cancer, improved disease management, and increased survival . Such improvement has caused a surge in the number of surviving patients with sec... |
It is defined as respiratory distress thought to arise from a delay in fetal lung fluid absorption; it appears within the first six hours after delivery and resolves spontaneously with supportive therapy within a couple of days . The pathophysiology of transient tachypnea of the newborn (ttn) has not been fully explain... |
Peri - implant disease may be defined as a pathologic condition including inflammatory and other kinds of lesions affecting the soft and/or hard tissues surrounding a dental implant . Peri - implantitis is characterized by a severe inflammatory process involving both mucosa and bone around the implant . Bone destructio... |
A 39-year - old man was transferred to seoul national university hospital with complaints of cough, chest discomfort, and a weight loss of 12 kg in a 3-month period . Initial laboratory findings before referral revealed that the white blood cell (wbc) and eosinophil counts were 48,000/l and 14,880/l (31% of the wbc cou... |
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (fop) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder and characterized by postnatal progressive heterotopic ossification of the connective tissue . There are difficulties in diagnosing fop, thus delayed or misdiagnosis and mismanagement is common . 3d printers have now become widely... |
It has a great developing technique that is used for fixation and fusion in spine surgery . It was firstly introduced by harrington and tullos in 1969 and then in late 1980s developed by roy camille et al ., louis, and steffe . It could be applied in degenerative, trauma, neoplastic, infectious and malformation cases t... |
Research on rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) followed the guidelines of the arvo statement for the use of animals in ophthalmic and vision research, complied with the national institutes of health (nih) guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, and were approved by the university of california - davis instituti... |
Clinical assessment of the range of the eye movements is important in diagnosis and management of strabismus . The direction of the movements from primary position defines these movements as dextroversion, levoversion, supraversion, and infraversion . Careful examination of versions helps to detect the underaction or o... |
Myxoma is the most common benign cardiac primary tumors, accounting about 50% of cardiac tumors and is more prevalent among females . Because of different size of myxomas and their location in the different chambers of heart, patients with atrial myxoma usually present with cardiovascular symptoms such as heart failure... |
Three different pathways can deliver cytoplasmic components into the lumen of the lysosome for degradation . They are commonly referred to as autophagy (cell self - eating) and include chaperone - mediated autophagy (cma), microautophagy, and macroautophagy . Cma involves the direct translocation of specific proteins c... |
Enzyme - linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) are important tools in aquatic toxicology as their low detection limits allow for the fast and relatively inexpensive measurements of many compounds in complex environmental matrices (water, effluent) and biological samples (blood, urine, homogenates). As aquatic toxicologi... |
Clinical effects of the shrinkage stress may include postoperative sensitivity, cuspal strain or microcracks in enamel or dentin, marginal gap formation, and microleakage.1 microleakage has been identified as a significant problem because of interfacial gap formation, which can result in tooth discoloration, recurrent ... |
Spinal cord teratomas are uncommon . Excluding sacrococcygeal teratoma in neonates, teratomas in the spinal canal are rare . Only a few central nervous system(cns) delayed presentation of spinal teratomas has generally been associated with its slow - growing characteristics5). Dermoid tumors may rupture and fatty mater... |
The implant - supported prostheses are attached to implant abutments either by cementation, or by retaining screws . Because of the advantages of cement - retained implant - supported restorations, such as passive fit, reduced cost, ease of fabrication, superior esthetic, fewer components, and uncomplicated laboratory ... |
Pulmonary valve replacement (pvr) or right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction (rvotr) is the most common valve replacement / repair procedure performed in the society of thoracic surgeons (sts) congenital database, comprising 16% of procedures performed in the adult congenital population . There is a growing popu... |
Similar to the approach used in our previous review, we performed a computer search of the scientific literature (in english and other languages) published from january 2000 through june 2004 using the words rotavirus and the truncated stem rota- . We restricted the analysis to studies that met the following criteria: ... |
Individuals with obesity are at increased risk of several health conditions including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, liver steatosis, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, as well as various forms of cancer (faulds and dahlman - wright, 2012, mauro and marelli - berg, 2012, norata et al ., 2015). A str... |
The management of diabetes has seen changes in the past 30 years, which have improved the lives of patients afflicted with this disease . Improvement in glucose measurement started with the introduction of selfmonitoring of blood glucose (smbg) in the late 1980s, which was one of those important changes . As the second... |
The prevalence of urinary incontinence (ui) is increased among older adults and is associated with poor quality of life, social isolation, falls, and depression(14). Drug therapy for ui is associated with the potential for adverse events and, may have significant cost; thus adherence is often maintained for only a few ... |
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