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A 76-year - old female presented to the emergency department with the main complaint of 7 days of dyspnea and 1 day of dysarthria and dizziness . Auscultation findings showed an irregular heart beat with a diastolic rumbling murmur in the apical region and crackles in both lower lung fields . Transthoracic echocardiogr...
Traditionally, the major mechanism underlying parkinson's disease was thought to be reduced dopaminergic synaptic transmission in the nigrostriatal system . However, neurons may also communicate by extrasynaptic transmission, which was recently found to affect dopamine neurotransmitter delivery through diffusion in the...
Reagents were received from sigma aldrich chemical co. (bangalore, karnataka, india) and used without further purification . Solvents were purchased from commercial sources from hyderabad, telangana, indiabased companies and purified by reported protocols . H and c nmr spectra were recorded on bruker 300 mhz and 500 mh...
Medical researchers also realized that treating only small areas originally involved by lymphoma with radiation was not good enough, if radiation had to be used as the only treatment . A large area covering all lymph node areas in the upper or lower half of the body had to be treated . When the upper half of the body w...
It has been reported that serious problems during general anesthesia occur in 0.4% of patients . It may be difficult to detect anaphylactic reactions during anesthesia because various medications are administered in short periods of time, and transient interactions between drugs may take place . There have been many re...
Soft tissue sarcomas (stss) are a heterogeneous group of solid tumors that arise from embryonic mesenchymal cells and that have distinct clinical and pathological features . Microscopically, arcinosarcomas are biphasic tumors comprising an intimate admixture of carcinomatous and sarcomatous components with an abrupt or...
Traumatic cerebral aneurysms with carotid cavernous fistula (ccf) are rare and difficult to treat by surgery . If left untreated mortality rate of 50% is reported in these cases . Hence, the presence of these lesions should be diagnosed and treated at the earliest in order to prevent the untoward effects due to their p...
Water channels of the aquaporin (aqp) family achieve the diffusive water permeation required for biological function and form tetramers . Since the discovery of the first water channel, aqp1, more than 300 aqps have been identified in many organisms from bacteria to plants and mammals . Aqp family members are classifie...
Developmental disabilities (dd) are a chronic delay in development, including conditions such as cerebral palsy, intellectual development disorder, autism, and mixed type dd . Children with dd have problems with physical, cognitive, social, sensory, and communication skills2 . These unique problems have a negative impa...
To determine the accuracy of the holladay 1, hoffer q, sanders - retzlaff - kraff (srk)/t, and srk ii iol power calculation formulas in patients with high myopia in a subset of indian population . This study was conducted at sadguru netra chikitsalaya, chitrakoot, madhya pradesh, india . All consecutive patients attend...
Chronic low back pain (lbp) has long been one of the most common causes of disability in adults and is a very frequent condition among early retirees in industrialized societies . Degenerative disc disease (ddd) is the most frequent problem in patients with lbp . In 1988, modic et al . Thereafter, the medical term modi...
Hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection can cause infectious liver diseases, and about 400 million people throughout the world are chronically infected with this virus (1, 2), which has a high risk of progression to the development of liver failure, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (1). According to the similari...
Early childhood caries is a complex disease involving the maxillary primary incisors within a month after eruption and spreads rapidly to involve other primary teeth.1 it is a serious socio - behavioral and dental problem that afflicts infants and toddlers worldwide.2 the definitions of ecc in the published literature ...
Dissolved organic carbon (doc) export from mangrove swamps accounts for 10% of the global terrestrial flux of doc to coastal oceans . Given recent reports of high concentrations of mercury (hg) in mangrove tissues and mangrove marsh waters, and the known high affinity of hg species for doc in surface waters, there is c...
Benign cystic lesions of the knee region in the form of fluid collections in synovial recesses, bursae, and ganglion cysts are common and often discovered incidentally in routine magnetic resonance imaging (mri) examinations . Mr has proved to be superior compared to other imaging techniques in the detection of cystic ...
The term groove pancreatitis was first used in 1973 by becker to describe a specific form of chronic pancreatitis that resulted in scarring, which extended into the anatomic space (groove) between the pancreatic head, duodenum, and common bile duct . More recently, preoperative diagnosis of groove pancreatitis has been...
Ion channels are membrane proteins that provide a pathway for the movement of ions into or out of all cells and are critical for all physiological processes . Some channels discriminate poorly among various ions and some are quite selective, allowing passage of predominantly only one or very few types of ions . In cert...
The study was approved by the university malaya medical centre (ummc) medical ethics committee.
Cell transplantation into the damaged myocardium (cell therapy) has received extensive attention as a regenerative tool, and the accumulated evidence from both pre - clinical and clinical studies suggests that it has the potential to restore heart function . Currently, cellular cardiomyoplasty is being actively explore...
Dokonano analizy dokumentacji medycznej pacjentw z samoistn odm opucnow leczonych w klinice chirurgii dziecicej uniwersytetu medycznego w biaymstoku . W latach 20042014 hospitalizowano 22 dzieci z powodu samoistnej odmy opucnowej 18 chopcw i 4 dziewczynki, w wieku od 14 do 17 lat (rednio 16,6 miesica). W 11 przypadkach...
Obstructive sleep apnea (osa) syndrome represents a serious health hazard and is recognized as an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes such as hypertension, arrhythmias, stroke, and coronary heart disease . Sympathetic activation, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation have been shown to be ...
Concomitanced with craniofacial dysostosis, short arms, and other anomalies, while silver described a syndrome of congenital hemihypertrophy, short stature, and elevated urinary gonadotrophins . Silver syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous disorder, with a very wide variation in phenotype . It is also the first human...
Strabismus is an ocular alignment disorder characterized by a horizontal, vertical, and/or torsional deviation of one eye relative to the other, which may result in compromised binocular vision and amblyopia.1,2 strabismus is classified roughly into comitant and incomitant types . According to a study conducted in cent...
Surgical intervention in epilepsy is a widely accepted, effective therapy in patients with pharmacoresistant partial epilepsy . Seizure semiology correlates with the seizure origin, spread, and release phenomenon and can help in the estimation of the anatomical brain localization . Finger snapping has been noted as a c...
Although oral phosphodiesterase (pde)-5 inhibitors are generally an effective and well - tolerated treatment modality for patients with erectile dysfunction (ed), pde-5 therapy cannot cure the underlying disorder in the corpus cavernosum and has limitations such as reduced efficacy in patients with diabetes or radical ...
Accessory scrotum is the rarest developmental anomaly of scrotum . Because it is usually associated with perineal lipomatous mass or anomalies in the anorectal and genitourinary system, early diagnosis and proper treatment are important to improve the quality of patients' lives ., we report a case of perineal accessory...
Approximately 20%-30% of patients are diagnosed with metastatic disease, and 70%-80% of patients are presented with localized or locally advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, which is potentially curable by radical surgical resection alone . Among patients who undergo radical resection for localized disease, an un...
Chemokines are small cytokines known for their ability to induce migration of cells such as lymphocytes, dendritic cells (dc), macrophages, and stem cells . Based on the cellular context and the site of expression, chemokines can be divided into inflammatory chemokines, that are synthesized and promote recruitment of c...
Although contact angle hysteresis phenomenon has been well known for several decades, its nature is not fully explained yet . Numerous papers have been published in which this phenomenon was investigated both experimentally and theoretically, and it would be impossible to cite all of them . The appearance of contact an...
Hypothyroidism is a multiorgan endocrine disorder which results in metabolic dysfunction involving brain, nerves, heart, and muscular systems . Neurological abnormalities of the central and peripheral nervous system occur in conjunction with systemic abnormalities in hypothyroid and are present in 30%80% of cases but a...
Trauma is among the top five causes of death in the world, showing different incidence rates from one country to another.1, 2 treatment and management of trauma involving craniofacial region still represents a challenge, due to the presence of important anatomical structures . This part of the body includes, in fact, n...
The size of engineered nanomaterials makes many novel and innovative products, as evident by the increasing number of commercially available nanotechnology products . Thus, there is a huge concern surrounding the potential toxicity of these nanomaterials and there is a need to sufficiently test such materials . The goa...
During percutaneuos coronary intervention (pci) procedures, several complications can occur, such as dissections, thrombi, ulcers or plaque, may appear as angiographic hazy or uncertain images . A proper diagnosis is important to guide the correct management in the catheterization laboratory and to improve patient outc...
The incidence is approximately 0.30.5% in different world populations with a prevalence rate of five to 10 per thousand people . The overall aim of treating epilepsy should be complete control of seizures, without causing any untoward reaction due to the medication . Patients perceptions often take account of other par...
Sheehan's syndrome (ss) is defined as pituitary hormone deficiency due to ischemic infarction of the pituitary gland as a result of massive postpartum uterine hemorrhage . Although the onset of ss can involve acute severe panhypopituitarism in some patients, the majority of ss patients are diagnosed with a clinically s...
Aric is an ongoing, prospective, observational study of the natural history of cv risk factors and atherosclerotic diseases . Detailed study rationale, design, and procedures have been previously published.11 the original cohort included 15 792 participants recruited between 1987 and 1989 using probability sampling of ...
Proteolytic lysosomal enzyme activity may be responsible for detrimental effects on the corneal endothelium.1,2 glycolytic lysosomal enzymes have been studied less extensively and their role in endothelial cell loss during corneal preservation is still incompletely understood.3 the use of adjuvant corticosteroid in the...
Hypertension is a global public health problem, accounting for substantial morbidity and mortality through heart disease, stroke, blindness, and renal failure.1,2 globally, it accounts for at least 45% of heart disease, and 51% of deaths resulting from stroke.1 hypertension was once considered rare in sub - saharan afr...
The identification of a stem cell in a tissue is a major challenge of pivotal importance . Being able to detect the stem cell population allows for powerful approaches to study cell differentiation dynamics by, for example, lineage tracing (barker et al ., 2007, busch et al ., 2015). Additionally, it provides a first s...
Stigma is a broad term that includes direct discrimination and systemic discrimination (link et al . The stigma of schizophrenia has been studied extensively in many cultures and has been shown to have a variety of negative impact on finance, quality of life, (thornicroft et al . Healthcare professionals are not immune...
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah) is a group of diseases characterized by progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (pvr) (mean pulmonary arterial pressure [pap]> 25 mm hg at rest or> 30 mm hg with exercise, as confirmed by right heart catheterization), leading to right ventricular failure and premature...
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by bordetella pertussis . Although the incidence rate of pertussis has significantly decreased following the wide use of pertussis vaccine, b. pertussis infection is continuously occurring as a small outbreak even in several develop...
The role of low - density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl - c) in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis has been unequivocally established, and the use of ldl - lowering agents, especially statins, has led to a significant reduction of cardiovascular events in both primary1 and secondary2 prevention . However, a signific...
1.8 million people died in 2009 due to aids - related causes, and an estimated 2.6 million people were newly infected with hiv in world . India carries the third largest number of hiv infected patients in the world after south africa and nigeria . Hiv infection causes depletion of cd4 cells in peripheral blood and lymp...
Perhaps one of the most important concepts in inorganic chemistry is the nature of the bonding interactions between a metal center and its ligands . The covalency, or charge donation from the ligands to the metal, of these bonds influences the chemistry of transition metal complexes, including their reactivity, redox p...
It was an observational, prospective, cross - sectional study conducted in patients with bronchial asthma . The study was carried out from november 2013 to march 2015 in the department of pulmonary medicine in a tertiary care hospital . A written informed consent was taken, and patients were enrolled in the study as pe...
Eukaryotic gene expression is controlled at multiple levels, and splicing of mrna is an important regulatory step in the production of functional proteins . During mrna splicing, portions of the rna, introns, are removed by the spliceosome complex, and the remaining protein - coding rnas, exons, are joined together . A...
Cysts related to the mullerian system usually occur in paraovarian (1) or paratubal regions (2). An eleven year old girl presented to the emergency department with a twenty four history of abdominal pain, fever and nausea . On presentation she was clinically dehydrated, pyrexial, and the lower abdomen was full with ten...
Gastrointestinal (gi) autoimmune diseases are characterized by the uninhibited immune response in the gi tract . These diseases are characterized by an increased number of mononuclear cells in the intestinal epithelium, which can lead to destruction of intestinal crypts . Some common gi autoimmune diseases are crohn's ...
Sepsis is one of the most common infectious conditions during the neonatal period, and it is still a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, despite the outstanding development of neonatology in recent years . Described as systemic inflammatory response (sirs) associated with a suspected or proven infection, the ...
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men . Androgen deprivation therapy is the treatment of choice in patients with advanced metastatic disease, although progression typically occurs within 12 years of initial response [2, 3]. Secondary hormonal therapy is an option ...
Adult mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) represent an innovative tool for cell - based therapy of degenerative disorders, chronic inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases or allograft rejection . The understanding of the mechanisms that mediate and/or modulate the therapeutic potency of mscs is important from both a physiologi...
High blood pressure occurs in around 80% of patients with acute ischemic stroke and usually decreases over the following 7 days . Whether this elevated blood pressure is a physiological and protective reaction or a side effect of a generalised stress reaction that is in fact harmful to the newly damaged brain and wheth...
Local canonical correlation analysis (cca) is a multivariate statistical method in fmri that uses the joint time course of a group of neighboring voxels, usually in a 3 3 in - plane voxel grid, to determine the significance of activation . The value of a suitable test statistic is used as a measure of activation . Sinc...
The use of visible and near - infrared (nir) light, penetrable to deep tissue, is an attractive method of spatiotemporally controlling drug release from various drug delivery forms, such as prodrugs, liposomes, polymers, and other nano- and macrodelivery systems . However, because of its lower energy, it is difficult t...
After decompression of spinal cord or nerve roots, interbody fusion should be performed for spinal stabilization . There are several fusion materials which have been used for several decades with effectiveness and safety10). Most classical fusion grafts are autologous iliac bone grafts and tricortical iliac crest bone ...
They have more conservative cavity designs which basically rely on the effectiveness of current dentin bonding agents . However, composite resins still have some limitations in use due to their physical properties,[3 - 5] polymerization shrinkage, microleakage, low wear resistance and color stability,[7 - 8] and lower ...
Over 5.7 million americans have been diagnosed with heart failure, and with the aging population, this number is expected to increase to 8 million by 2030.13 heart failure is the most common diagnosis among hospitalized patients 65 years of age and older and the leading cause of readmissions in the medicare population....
Lung cancer has become a disease of great global impact and remains the leading cause of death from cancer in the world.1 as smoking and environmental pollution cannot be controlled in the short term, the incidence of lung cancer continues to increase, especially in females.2,3 in brazil, the estimate for 2010 is appro...
The concept of total mesorectal excision (tme), which was introduced by heald and ryall during the 1980s, has significantly improved the outcome for patients with rectal cancer, particularly with regard to local recurrence . The results of some studies showed that tme was a superior surgical modality for the treatment ...
A research report from the chinese center for disease control and prevention showed that the incidence of paraquat poisoning increased by about 47.35% a year on average from 2002 to 2010 . Although the survival rate of pq poisoning increased with the improvement of medical levels, there were still a considerable number...
At present kidney diseases are a major problem across the globe . As per global and regional overview, 1783000 patients are suffering from end stage renal disease (esrd), of which dialysis has been given to 1371000 patients and kidney has been transplanted on 412000 patients suffering from renal failure whom live under...
Behet s disease (bd) is the systemic vasculitis of small and large vessels, which affects both veins and arteries . The clinical features of bd indicate that there are distinct geographical differences; while vascular involvement is detected in 40% of patients in the middle east, the percentage of vascular involvement ...
The issue of child sex selection and gender preferences is as old as human life . It seems that the historical tendency to determine the sex of the child is rooted in religious, economic, cultural - social and medical issues . Until recently, sex selection seemed impossible, but modern medical technologies in the area ...
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (nph) is characterized by a clinical triad of symptoms including cognitive impairment, gait difficulty, and urinary incontinence along with ventricular enlargement in brain imaging . Nph is considered as idiopathic (inph) when there are no known predisposing factors such as subarachnoid ha...
In 2004, denosumab was under development for treating osteoporosis, progressing from proof of concept to registration trials.1 questions existed that could not be practically addressed with clinical studies due to the protracted dosing interval (q6 m) and required trial duration, nor by traditional pkpd models . They i...
The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (cpb), bleeding (during and after surgery), frequent blood analyses (before, during and after surgery), hemodilution, significant shift of intravascular volume, mechanical trauma of blood cells, therapeutic hypothermia, co - morbidities, the use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs ...
Studies have demonstrated that photorefractive keratectomy (prk) and laser in situ keratomileusis (lasik) for myopia are safe and predictable . The application of excimer laser for the treatment of hyperopia started in the late 90s.13 in this process, a paracentral meniscus of the corneal stroma is removed to steepen t...
The incidence of kidney stones has been increasing in korea with the rise in dietary and lifestyle changes influenced by western countries . Nephrolithiasis is one of the common causes of morbidity and deterioration of quality of life in the united states, with a lifetime prevalence of 5% to 10% . In addition, urolithi...
The growth of flexible ureteroscopy (urs) in the asian subcontinent has not been as fast as its potential appears to be . The factors responsible for this are perhaps the high initial cost and the maintenance cost involved in flexible urs . It is a well - known fact that the damage to the instrument is more so during t...
In terms of enteral nutritional support, percutaneous endoscopic gastroscopy (peg) is widely accepted as a safe and effective approach . However, some general complications have been reported, such as skin infection of peri - gastrostomy site, ileus, leakage, tubal obstruction, stomach perforation, hemorrhage, peritoni...
The closing article in the series celebrating the 30th anniversary of diabetes control and complications trial / epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications (dcct / edic) study reflects on how past investigations have shaped the study s future directions . The preceding articles on retinopathy, nephropathy...
The species richness of flowering plant lineages shows tremendous variation amongst clades, indicating that certain traits influence speciation and/or extinction rates . In plants, many traits have been associated with evolutionarily success, such as self - incompatibility and floral asymmetry . The reasons why certain...
The maldi - tof ms spectrum of c. massiliense is available online (http://www.mediterranee-infection.com/article.php?laref=256&titre=urms-database). Strain marseille - p3295 was deposited in the collection de souches de l'unit des rickettsies (csur, wdcm 875) under number p3295.
Jaundice presenting after cholecystectomy may be the initial manifestation of a serious surgical misadventure and requires rigorous diagnostic pursuit and therapeutic intervention . A 23-year - old female underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones and three weeks postoperatively developed painles...
A 59-year - old womon presented with an abnormal mass on chest x - ray that was discovered during a routine check - up . We obtained a biopsy though endobronchial ultrasound and pathologically diagnosed a thymoma (type a). Contrast - enhanced computed tomography showed a smooth, solitary homogeneously enhanced mass mea...
One of the major goals for scientists is to identify biomarkers for patients, thus ultimately providing them with personalized medicine . Personalized medicine provides a patient - specific means by which to target one's disposition to a disease or condition . Recent developments in this area include molecular profilin...
Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disorder, manifested as an intense desire for the drug, with impairment of the ability to control the urges to take the drug, even at the expense of serious adverse consequences (cam and farr 2003). These behavioral abnormalities develop gradually with repeated exposure to a ...
Currently the influenza vaccine is recommended in the united states for all individuals over 6 months of age and by the world health organization for high - risk groups . These recommendations have, in part, the aim to reduce the worldwide estimated deaths 250,000500,000 each year caused by the seasonal form of the dis...
The recurrent laryngeal nerve (rln) injury during surgeries on thyroid and parathyroid remains the most significant commonly found complication of endocrine surgery in the neck, and it can result in significant morbidity including temporary or permanent paralytic dysphonia and dysphagia . Rates of nerve injury publishe...
It is a failure to report, respond to, or orient towards stimuli located on the contralesional side . It also occurs when converting not only a visual landscape but also body schema to a visual image2 . Spatial neglect is caused by a disturbance of both hemispheres after unilateral cortical lesions3 . Spatial neglect i...
Today s world is a world of organizations, and their main operators are the people who invigorate them and prepare the grounds for the realization of their objectives . Without people, the concepts of organization and management would become meaningless (1). Therefore, professional satisfaction on the part of manpower ...
Crc cases were selected from patients who underwent surgical treatment at eulji university hospital from january 2000 to june 2005 . All cases were histologically confirmed to be primary colorectal adenocarcinoma and hematoxylin and eosin slides were re - evaluated by two independent pathologists . The tumor grade of t...
The caudate lobe is located anterior to the inferior vena cava (ivc) and may envelop this structure circumferentially . It extends to the hilum of the liver just posterior to the bifurcation of the portal vein . Cephalad, the caudate lobe lies posterior to the confluence of the left and middle veins as they enter the i...
There are some commonly held beliefs that aging is associated with increased dependency, loss of self - control, incapacity, ailment, social isolation, and disengagement from life.1 misconceptions about older people and aging are called ageism, gerontophobia, or the elderly mystique.2 according to butler s definition o...
We selected patients who were diagnosed with impending central retinal vein occlusion from january 2003 to march 2007 in wonju christian hospital, and we retrospectively studied their medical records . By gass' definition, impending central retinal vein occlusion has mild or no loss of vision with venodilation and reti...
Radiofrequency (rf) catheter ablation has proven efficacy for treating many types of supraventricular arrhythmias and has become an increasingly important clinical tool for treating atrial fibrillation (af).1 electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins (pvs) from the left atrium is the cornerstone for most af ablation ...
Solar energy is considered as one of the most important alternative energy sources and solar cell has been actively studied as promising solar energy conversion device . For its practical use, however, there are numbers of technical barriers to be overcome such as high cost and low - conversion efficiency . Accordingly...
Brown tumors (bts), also called as osteoclastomas, are rare nonneoplastic lesions that arise in the setting of hyperparathyroidism319). Hyperparathyroidism is overactivity of the parathyroid glands resulting in excess production of parathyroid hormone (pth). Excessive pth secretion may be due to problems in the parathy...
Interestingly, the trajectory of a proton in the lumen of the so - called m2 channel of the influenza a virus is an example from biology . The m2 integral membrane protein is a tetramer assembled from four identical subunits, each with 97 residues . As a prerequisite for release of genetic material to the cytoplasm, th...
Patent foramen ovale, which is necessary in fetal circulation, is a potential route for emboli arising from the venous system to enter the systemic arterial circulation, resulting in paradoxical air embolism syndrome . We report a case of paradoxical air embolism as a complication of percutaneous approach for treatment...
Results of the investigation on artificial radionuclides in the environmental objects provide for the assessment of possible affects of radiation exposure on human health . At the same time investigation of radionuclide distribution in the environment hence it is necessary to consider the basic sources of radioactive p...
The vascular lesions of the skin are divided into congenital and acquired lesions . Acquired and congenital vascular lesions are described as follows: the most significant acquired vascular lesions of infancy are hemangiomas . The lesions are composed of proliferating blood vessels and, although benign, have a potentia...
Trichomycosis is a rare condition and few cases are reported in the literature, its name is wrong because it is not a fungal infection but is a superficial bacterial infection, so it should be called trichobacteriosis . Due to the fact that the condition is asymptomatic and causes practically no discomfort, patients ge...
Anthocyanins, as ubiquitous constituents of berries and coloured vegetables, are widespread in the plant dominion . Much attention has been paid in recent years to their radicals scavenging activity in vitro and in vivo and possible health benefits . The main anthocyanins being analysed in elderberries are various gluc...
The trunk midline is the reference for orientation of the body in space and is the point of comparison for the synthesis of all tactile, kinesthetic, and pressure - related information from the two sides of the body1 . Thus, the trunk midline can be considered the axis of symmetry around which the body organizes motor ...
The study was carried out between 2005 and 2007 at the all india institute of medical sciences (aiims), new delhi . Amphotericin b deoxycholate (fungizone) was purchased from ambalal sarabhai enterprises ltd, vadodara, india . New formulation of the liposomal amphotericin b, kalsome10, was a kind gift from lifecare inn...