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Malignant middle cerebral artery (mca) infarction may occur in up to 10% of patients who have acute ischemic stroke and have a mortality rate of approximately 80% . Because of the limitations of medical therapies, decompressive hemicraniectomy has been proposed for patients with space - occupying hemispheric infarction...
Portal biliopathy is defined as the development of extensive venous collateral vessels, due to obstruction of the extrahepatic portal vein, causing impediment to portal venous drainage . It develops from morphological changes of dilatation and stenosis of intrahepatic, extrahepatic and pancreatic ducts . It is also des...
Acute interstitial pneumonia (aip) is an idiopathic lung disease characterized by rapidly progressive respiratory failure occurring in patients without pre - existing systemic or lung diseases with diffuse alveolar damage histologically (1, 2). Since the term " acute interstitial pneumonia " was first introduced in 198...
After more than 50 years of experience penicillamine remains the most effective treatment for patients with wilson disease for which there is ample evidence [1, 2]. However it also has a wide variety of toxicities, most of these can be explained in terms of chemical or immunological reactions . The present theories are...
However, fractures of the pelvis constitute up to 23% of admissions to level i trauma centers . Similar to adults, octogenarians have pelvic fractures that can be associated with high - energy trauma and injury to other physiological systems that may lead to an increased incidence of complications and mortality . Multi...
It can save lives (both mother and child) in the event of serious complications.1 the debate about the ideal cs rate is ongoing and shows no sign of abating.19 whereas in the past the discussion revolved largely around medical issues and whether or not cs could be justified, the question of the woman s right to choose ...
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13300 - 014 - 0080 - 0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users . Type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm) is a serious progressive disorder characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency resulting in increased blood glucose l...
As the number of international mega - sports events was increased the athletes and spectators get together in larger numbers . Also, the business sports commerce benefiting host nations and local community has been growing (smith et al ., focus toward the sports events tends to be on the top of the athletes or matches ...
In cell systems, magnesium represents an abundant species as it is present in the millimolar range (2). In line with this, it is largely utilized for electrostatic stabilization and electrophilic activation of substrates by polarization of x o (x = p, c) bonds . A special case is represented by water, which can be boun...
Pg (mw 10 kda) was synthesized by anionic, ringopening, multibranching polymerization of glycidol with slow monomer addition.37, 38 according to our previous work, 10 kda pg has better dispersity and be synthesized more easily . Alexa fluor 488 wga and hoechst 33342 cell markers were obtained from molecular probes inc ...
The eukaryotic genome is functionally and spatially organized . During interphase, chromosomes fold into topologically associated domains (tads) and divide into heterochromatin and euchromatin . Also, chromosomes associate with nuclear structures and occupy distinct territories within the nucleus . Within these territo...
Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease caused by rhinosporidum seeberi with high prevalence in parts of indian subcontinent and sri lanka . It produces polypoidal lesions that are friable, bleed profusely during resection and have a high tendency to recur . The common site of occurrence is nose ...
Based on the concept of emotional stability as defined in the literature, 250 items were developed covering initially the following 6 dimensions of emotional stability: pessimism vs. optimismanxiety vs. calmaggression vs. tolerance.dependence vs. autonomy.emotions vs. logicapathy vs. empathy pessimism vs. optimism aggr...
Plasmids and constructs human socs-3 cdna was amplified from a human testis cdna library (bd biosciences) by pcr using specific primers (forward, 5-atggtcacccacagcaagtttccc-3; reverse, 5-ttaaagcggggcatcgtactggtc-3) and pyrobest dna polymerase (takara). The pcr conditions were as follow: preincubation at 98 c for 20 s a...
Analgesic nephropathy is a disease resulting from the frequent use of combinations of analgesic medications over many years, leading to significant impairment of renal function . The observation of a large number of cases of renal failure in patients abusing analgesic mixtures containing phenacetin led to the initial r...
With the abundance of dna sequence information currently available, researchers are now looking to comprehensively identify and characterize the proteomic products of the genetic blueprint . The most widespread and high - throughput methodology being used to address this goal is mass spectrometry (ms). Using ms to perf...
An adult male was discovered unconscious at home and a ct head demonstrated diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage, mild ventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus . On subsequent ct angiogram of head, a moderately wide neck 3 mm left anterior communicating artery (acom) aneurysm was identified . The patient was taken to the ne...
On the hypothetical dynamic s curve of biomarkers appearance for the diagnosis of alzheimer s disease (ad) [1, 2], clinical signs seem to appear late after the positivity of in vivo biomarkers reflecting the amyloid process and the tau neuronal injury . The development of brain imaging amyloid markers, based on the amy...
When trials were first developed for use in agriculture, researchers were presumably concerned about the effect of interventions on the overall size and quality of the crop rather than on the wellbeing of any individual plant.p . M. rothwell, 2005 when trials were first developed for use in agriculture, researchers wer...
Acute cholecystitis refers to a syndrome of right upper quadrant pain, fever and leukocytosis associated with gallbladder inflammation that is usually related to gallstone disease . Patients with acute cholecystitis typically complain of abdominal pain, most commonly in the right upper quadrant or epigastrium . . A var...
During 20012014, epidemiologic data on nhp related injuries and associated rabies pep treatment were prospectively collected for patients of the marseille rabies treatment centre . Demographics, place of exposure, travel characteristics, clinical data, and rabies pep were documented . A total of 135 cases of persons in...
This study was conducted as part of epidemiologic surveillance activities of the ministry of public health of the central african republic . Data were obtained through the yellow fever surveillance system and approved by the ministry of health and who . A suspected case of yellow fever was defined as an acute onset of ...
Leishmaniasis caused by the intracellular protozoan leishmania is the second most important parasitic disease after malaria, affecting humans and animals in wide areas of the americas, asia, africa and europe . Domestic dogs are considered the main reservoir of leishmania infantum, and a risk factor for anthroponotic h...
Halogen bonding (xb) refers to the attractive noncovalent interaction arising between the electron - deficient -hole of a polarized halogen atom, such as bromine or iodine, and an electron - rich lewis base . While xb has been well - developed in the context of solid - state crystal engineering and in the design of fun...
Adequate treatment planning is one of the most important factors in successful conventional implant prosthesis, requiring clear communication between the prosthetic dentist and surgeon . It becomes more critical when the patient has unfavorable conditions such as a severely resorbed alveolar ridge . Treatment planning ...
In the last few years, macular diseases have been studied better, thanks to the widespread use of instruments that can simultaneously combine spectral domain optical coherence tomography (sd - oct) and fluorescein angiography (fa). The spectralis system (heidelberg engineering, heidelberg, germany) uses a solid - state...
The menisci are critical components of a healthy knee joint and play a crucial role in load bearing, load transmission, shock absorption, as well as lubrication and nutrition of articular cartilage.12345 ahmed et al . Showed that menisci can transmit 50% to 70% tibiofemoral compressive load in extension knee and up to ...
In developing countries, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and neonatal tetanus (nt) are among the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality . Understanding the interaction between hiv and nt is important since it may have a major implication for nt elimination program . Newborns are protected from...
The capacity of mature mammalian skeletal muscles to repair and maintain mass is due to the presence of undifferentiated mononuclear myogenic precursor cells, that is, the satellite cells, located at the periphery of myofiber, between the sarcolemma and the surrounding basal lamina . Satellite cells remain quiescent un...
This was a prospective study at three large swiss hospitals assessing the impact of strategies to improve postprandial glucose by optimizing the combination of oral antidiabetes drugs and/or insulin according to a prespecified scheme (5). Included patients had type 2 diabetes 6 months with a1c between 7.0 and 12.0% . P...
More than 26% of older americans have impaired glucose tolerance (igt) (1), increasing their risk for developing type 2 diabetes . A sedentary lifestyle may further increase this risk through changes in skeletal muscle morphology and insulin signaling that worsen insulin resistance . We (2,3) and others (4,5) report lo...
Imatinib has radically changed prognosis in chronic - phase chronic myeloid leukemia (cml), with 90% overall survival rate at 8 yrs, and 4070% of patients achieving a stable mmr . Even better results have been reported in terms of cytogenetic and molecular responses and the rate of progression to accelerated / blast ph...
There is a long history of reconstructing ocular function with biomaterials, particularly in the outer segment of the eye where various lens materials have been employed as contact and intraocular lenses . The discovery of the possible use of biomaterials in the eye started after the discovery of windshield plexiglass ...
This problem poses an enormous burden on health care systems and has lowered the quality of life of affected individuals substantially . World health organization's latest projections indicate that by 2015 approximately 2.3 billion adults will be overweight and 700 million will be obese . Postmenopausal (pm) status is ...
Partial cholecystectomy, whether open (1,2) or laparoscopic (3), has been described as a safe and effective operation . It is indicated in cases of severe acute cholecystitis, gangrenous cholecystitis or necrotizing cholecystitis, where the degree of inflammation precludes safe visualization of biliary structures . Par...
Brackets used were first premolar brackets of the 022 028 roth prescription, made of five different materials . They were divided into the following six groups which include a control group which did not have any brackets: group i: stainless steel brackets (victory 3 m, unitek, monrovia, ca, usa) group ii: composite br...
Debate on quality and its management and improvement initially began in 1950s, which has served as an important criterion for evaluating the performance of most organizations services, including health care organizations (hcos) (13). Different models and systems, such as tqm (total quality management), iso (internation...
One in four people in the world is affected by mental or neurological disorders at some point in their live . About 450 million people currently suffer from such conditions, placing mental disorders among the leading causes of ill - health and disability worldwide . According to the world health organization (who), the...
The anti - mili monoclonal antibody 17.8 was generated by immunizing mice with recombinant gst - mili . Other antibodies used were anti - flag (sigma), anti - sdma (sym11; millipore), anti - adma (asym24; millipore), anti - tmg (santa cruz biotech), anti--tubulin (developmental studies hybridoma bank); anti - hnrnpc (4...
Life depends on the ability of an organism to correctly assess its environment and respond accordingly . To illustrate, migratory animals such as birds utilize environmental cues, including temperature and sunlight, to inform them when it is time to relocate . Failure to identify and/or respond to these cues appropriat...
Salmonella typhimurium, a facultative anaerobe, has been shown to accumulate at tumor sites when injected intravenously into mouse tumor models attenuated s. typhimurium were engineered to express fas ligand (fasl) to deliver this toxic, antitumor cytokine to tumor sites and to thereby enhance therapeutic potential . S...
Cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) play a significant role controlling viral replication in hiv and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infections as exemplified by diverse facts such as the association of gag - specific ctl activity and viremia or progression to aids [1, 2], the viral escape consequence of immune selectio...
Rocuronium is a non - depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (ndnmba), employed in the clinic as an adjunct to general anesthesia, to facilitate rapid sequence tracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery . Resistance to the neuromuscular effects of ndnmbas has been reported following...
Vaporization enthalpies are used frequently in adjusting enthalpies of formation of liquids to the standard state and in evaluating environmental transport properties . Accurate thermodynamic correlations are required to enhance the reliability of such simulations . Of the thermodynamic properties, heat of vaporization...
Trained research assistants obtained consent and enrolled participants as part of an ongoing prospective study measuring quality of care for hospitalized general medicine patients at the university of chicago medicine and mercy hospital and medical center (meltzer et al ., the university of chicago medicine and mercy h...
Nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs (nsaids) like ibuprofen are effective for the relief of pain, and their use is widespread [13]. Ibuprofen, which contains equal quantities of (+) ibuprofen and () ibuprofen, has been used as an anti - inflammatory and analgesic agent for over 30 years . (+) ibuprofen, or dexibupro...
Essential thrombocythemia (et) is a philadelphia chromosome (ph)-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (mpn). It is characterized by thrombocytosis and megakaryocytic hyperplasia of the bone marrow with jak2v617f mutation in 50 - 60% of patients . Et transforms into myelofibrosis in a minority of cases, while evolution ...
Indirect restorations play an important role in clinical dentistry . Whilst clinicians often spend considerable time choosing materials or type of restorations, the cementation process is often considered less important and manufacturer's instructions modified or ignored . Luting materials are necessary to retain such ...
Idiopathic parkinson's disease (pd) can be difficult to distinguish from atypical parkinsonian syndromes such as progressive supranuclear palsy (psp) and corticobasal degeneration (cbd), especially in the early stages of disease . A simple test that is easy to administer, differentiates between parkinsonian disorders a...
The formation of a tooth occurs inside a development sac known as the dental follicle or dental sac, which surrounds the papilla of the tooth and the enamel organ 1 . Damante 2 characterized the follicle as being the remnant of the tissues that participated in the odontogenesis and remained circumjacent to the crown of...
Selecting new targets for developing antidiabetic drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm) is best guided by considerations of established physiological chemistry of glucose homeostasis and of prevailing views about t2 dm pathophysiology because the disease genetics that could serve as another guiding principle remai...
The quest of humans to conquer pain by investigating the underlying cause is a challenging and ongoing process . According to the international association for the study of pain, the definition of pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in t...
The system response to surgical trauma includes activation of the sympathetic nervous system, the endocrine stress response, and immunological and hematological changes .various kinds of stress cause an increase in the secretion of acth from the adenohypophysis, and (within a few minutes) an increase in secretion of co...
Experiments were performed in accordance with the guiding principles for the care and use of experimental animals in the field of physiological sciences (physiological society of japan) and were approved by the committee on animal experiments of the school of veterinary medicine, yamaguchi university . In silico mining...
Breast conservation therapy (bct), which involves lumpectomy followed by adjuvant radiation therapy, has now become the standard of care in women with early stage breast cancer . However, historically, the majority of patients with early stage breast cancer have been treated with whole breast irradiation (wbi). Whole b...
Methyl - directed mismatch repair (mmr) is the primary pathway for correcting replication errors and errant recombination events in escherichia coli (18) making a functional mmr pathway essential for ensuring the informational integrity of the chromosome, genomic stability and an acceptable cellular mutation rate . Fun...
Anyone who has ever suffered jet lag knows firsthand that our bodies are persistent in how they keep track of time . This timekeeping system structures the different physiological processes to work together over the course of the day in synchrony with the physical world . The master network coordinating this timing sys...
In the western cultural tradition the mind tends to be viewed as separated from the body and, in accordance with this tradition, the sciences of the mind try to understand the mind with no reference to the body . In the last few decades, however, this has changed . The cumulative and fast advances of the sciences of th...
Malaria parasite transmission remains a serious international public health problem . In sub - saharan africa (ssa), anopheles gambiae s.s . Funestus are the primary vectors of malaria parasites and show highly anthropophilic tendencies [1 - 3]. Approximately 70% of the total ssa population lives in areas infested with...
Birth weight, like growth, is determined by the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors . However, birth weight varies within genetically similar populations [1, 2], suggesting that environmental factors play a significant role . Low birth weight (lbw) is defined as weighing less than 2500 g (5.5 pounds)...
Sepsis and septic multiple organ failure are leading causes of morbidity and death in critically ill patients . Alterations to the patient's immune system, with an excessive systemic inflammatory response on one hand and paralysis of cell - mediated immunity on the other, appear to be the key elements in the pathogenes...
A 34-year - old female presented with history of injury to the left eye while viewing bursting firecrackers during a local festival . On initial evaluation, the patient was noted to be alert and oriented, and to have an isolated injury to the left orbit with normal neurologic examination . Local examination showed a me...
In a study in the previous issue of critical care, huang and colleagues observed that, in the critically ill, adipose - fatty acid - binding protein (a - fabp) concentrations were elevated and that the serum a - fabp concentrations were independently related to serum creatinine, fasting plasma glucose, total cholestero...
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that has become a major health and economic problem nowadays . 387 million people in the world suffer from diabetes and it is forecast that the number will be 205 million more in 2035 . The state expenses incurred on the disease include not only medications, hospital inpatient car...
Multiple sclerosis (ms) is an immune - mediated disease affecting central nervous system (cns), characterized by demyelination and axonal degeneration . The etiology of ms is still unknown, although it is believed a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors may have a role . Although ms is classically...
The mammalian gastrointestinal (gi) tract harbors a dense and diverse microbial community, which is composed primarily of bacteria but also includes fungi, archaea, and viruses; collectively, these are referred to as the intestinal microbiota . These microorganisms establish symbiotic relationships with their hosts, pl...
The two surveys provide estimates of hcv prevalence in egypt for the country as a whole and broken down for the major administrative regions (urban governorates, lower egypt, upper egypt and the frontier governorates). In both edhs 2008 and ehis 2015, those aged 1559 years were invited to participate, however, in ehis ...
Sjgren's syndrome (ss) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease that mainly affects exocrine glands including the salivary and lacrimal glands1). Functional impairment of these glands by focal lymphocyte infiltration diminishes the production of tears and saliva and produces the clinical findings of persistent dry ...
Nivolumab is an anti - programmed death 1 (pd-1) monoclonal antibody and has been reported to be useful for treatment of cancers including malignant melanoma . A recent case report documenting fatal nivolumab - related myasthenia gravis (mg) has caused concern about the risk of increased toxicity in patients with pre -...
A definitive diagnosis of a lymphoma is based on cytological analysis of the intraocular fluids or tissues . We report two cases of intraocular lymphoma diagnosed by the analyses of vitreous and infusion fluid . Case 1 was a 66-year - old woman who complained of eye floaters and was found to have diffuse vitreous opaci...
The repercussions of stroke can be devastating, given that it can suddenly and permanently impair some of the most basic functions we all take for granted, including our mobility, speech, and effective swallowing . A national campaign by the stroke association, termed, has recently promoted the swift presentation to he...
Gastrointestinal endoscopy has become a routine medical procedure for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in many diseases . As the number of cases needing an endoscopic procedure has increased, the incidence of various complications have also increased, making their proper management more important [1 - 4]. Air emboli...
A 12-year - old, male neutered domestic shorthair cat was referred for investigation of suspected hyperaldosteronism due to persistent hypokalaemia, hindlimb ataxia, weakness of 1 month s duration and a left adrenal mass that was detected on abdominal ultrasound . Hyperaldosteronism and concurrent hyperprogesteronism w...
Although traditionally preeclampsia has been viewed as a condition that resolves completely with the delivery of the placenta, there is now increasing evidence that preeclampsia may constitute a condition with significant long - term health implications for both the mother and child . In particular preeclampsia has rec...
Its hallmark features include the presence of cutaneous granulomatous lesions noncontiguous with the gastrointestinal tract or fistulae . We report a very rare case of metastatic crohn's disease affecting the ear in a man with longstanding crohn's disease . We aim to highlight the need for clinical suspicion of systemi...
The pentatricopeptide repeat (ppr) superfamily (1) is characterized by a degenerate 35 amino acid repeat and is specific to eukaryotes although most numerous and varied in the plant kingdom (2), with over 400 identified in arabidopsis thaliana (3). Ppr proteins function in rna stabilization (46), editing (7), maturatio...
World health organization (who) has recommended artemisinin class of compounds as promising novel antimalarials for further clinical development . Several semisynthetic derivatives of artemisinin, the active ingredient of chinese herb qing hao (artemisia annua) used traditionally for treating fevers, have been used inc...
Necrotizing fasciitis (nf) is a rare disease of superficial fascia and subcutaneous tissue which may take a fulminating course with systemic toxicity and a high mortality rate.1 incidence of nf following obstetric operative procedures is unknown . It often starts following trauma and, rarely, a surgical procedure.2,3 n...
According to the current guidelines of the european society of cardiology (esc) for patients with acute myocardial infarction with persistent st - segment elevation, intravenous anticoagulation is recommended in all patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pci). Unfractionated heparin (ufh) has t...
. However, focal abnormalities on electroencephalography (eeg) have also been observed in patients with generalized epilepsy . In such cases, it is supposed that the cortical focus drives widespread epileptic networks that results in generalized seizures ., we describe a patient who had eyelid myoclonia with absences, ...
Primary dysmenorrhea is a gynecological condition characterized by severe uterinepain during menstruation with a prevalence rateranging between 25% and 90%, inthe absence ofpelvicpathology . It is very common during the teenage years after the menarche and less often in women after the age of 20 - 25 years . The main s...
The double duct sign is a simultaneous dilatation of both the pancreatic duct (pd) and the common bile duct (cbd) and is usually a result of narrowing of terminal parts of both the ducts due to various causes including encasement of the cbd and main pd by a pancreatic head tumour, ampullary carcinoma, pancreatitis and ...
Abdomen is the third most commonly injured region of the body, involving 20% of all injured civilians who undergo surgical intervention . Penetrating wounds represent 25% of all urban traumas which include gunshot, shotgun and stab wounds . These injuries are potentially life threatening and often warrant exploration ....
Drinking water quality is a worldwide concern and has the greatest impact on human health (1). Consumption of contaminated drinking water was associated with 80 percent of disease and one third of death in developing countries (2). Therefore, an essential basic requirement for health protection is to provide the public...
Lung cancer remains a deadly disease with an unsatisfactory overall survival [1, 2]. Though the treatment of patients with lung cancer includes surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the overall survival remains poor . Moreover, due to the resistance to conventional therapy, the 5-year combined survival rate of patien...
Worldwide ovarian cancer is the second leading cause of gynecologic cancer - related deaths behind cervical cancer . Approximately 240,000 new cases of ovarian cancer are diagnosed annually, accounting for about 4% of female cancers, and about 152,000 women die as a result of this disease . The majority of newly diagno...
In europe the concepts of functioning / disability and autonomy / dependency deserve special interest from the point of view of medical ontology . While functioning / disability are concepts defined at the who international classification of functioning (icf), the autonomy / dependency pair is not even mentioned at thi...
The liver has a remarkable capacity to regenerate in response to injury; however, in severe cases its regenerative capacity may prove to be insufficient, and the liver injury may progress to end - stage liver disease (esld) and subsequent liver failure . Up to two million people suffer from chronic liver disease in the...
Interaction between hosts and parasites is a complex relationship that can favour one or the other depending on a number of factors . Initially, the parasite attempts to establish itself in the host while the latter resists the infection via its defense mechanisms . Consequently, host susceptibility and resistance will...
Tumors require nutrients and oxygen to grow, and new blood vessels, formed by angiogenesis, provide these substrates . Its expression is regulated by a plethora of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, with hypoxia and hypoglycemia being the major stimuli . Little is known about the exact trigger mechanisms of vegf expressi...
Advanced glycation end products (ages) are modifications of proteins, lipids or nucleic acids that become non - enzymatically glycated and oxidized after contact with reducing sugars . This process may contribute to the pathogenesis of micro- and macrovascular disease . In diabetes, accumulation of ages in skin collage...
Malaria continues to be a major public health problem throughout the world despite more than a century of study, especially in africa where 90% of the global cases are recorded . The situation is worsening due to the spread of drug resistant parasites strains, spread of insecticide resistance in the vector populations,...
Gastrocnemius muscle is commonly used as a local flap for coverage of soft tissue defect in the upper third of the leg . The arc of muscle flap extends from the lower thigh, entire knee joint, popliteal fossa and upper third tibia . Gastrocnemius muscle is a workhorse flap to cover upper third tibial defects because of...
Preparation of tetrapod - shaped alpha tricalcium phosphate granules (tb): the procedure used in the preparation of the tb was previously described, and the materials (tetrabones) were obtained from next21, k.k . (tokyo, japan). Preparation of bfgf - binding ion complex gel matrix (f - ic gel): the procedure used in th...
A male infant (3 kg, primi - gravida), was delivered vaginally without complications following a normal pregnancy . The ultrasound scan at 35 weeks of gestation showed an irregular volume of liquid anechoic space in the midline of the brain . A computerized tomography (ct) scan of the infant's head conducted done three...
It is clear that weight gain is a ubiquitous side effect of antipsychotic drugs (apds; allison et al ., 1999) and that apds are also associated with an increased risk of complications related to obesity, including insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease (lieberman et al ...