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The need for better healthcare has grown significantly in recent years, which demands an increasing number of countries started promoting medical tourism (1). Furthermore, the rising healthcare costs in the us and in many european countries have forced many patients from these countries to seek medical treatment abroad... |
Diabetes mellitus represents an extreme disturbance in glucose metabolism with severe hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency . Diabetes mellitus is the fifth most common chronic condition and the sixth most frequent cause of death among the elderly . Tissue repair is affected and dysfunction of the oral mucosa occurs due... |
Mustard gas can cause numerous complications in the skin, eye, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems (1). Physical and psychological disabilities can establish limitations in usual activities, occupational tasks, social actions, and the quality of life in chemical victims (3). Quality of life is a broad concept tha... |
Controlled hypotension has an established role in reducing intra - articular bleed and thereby improving visualisation during shoulder arthroscopy . Both these agents reduce mean arterial blood pressures (mbp) to an equivalent magnitude . The haemodynamic parameter which is directly linked to pump pressures, intra - ar... |
Prostate - specific antigen (psa) measurement in patients with serum psa level above 4.0 ng / ml has a sensitivity of about 20%, and the specificity of psa measurements is approximately 60% to 70% at this cut - off (1). If patients with psa levels below 10 ng / ml were submitted to prostate biopsy, 2040% would be diagn... |
In this issue of critical care, zwiers and colleagues describe the incidence of acute kidney injury (aki) in neonates on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) based on a 12-year cohort study from sophia children s hospital pediatric intensive care unit in rotterdam, the netherlands . Of major interest, this study ... |
Chenaud and colleagues are to be commended for their interest in achieving a better understanding of' informed consent for research obtained during the intensive care unit stay' . Because intensive care medicine consumes an ever increasing percentage of total health care expenditure, research to define both its benefit... |
Aflatoxins (afs) are secondary metabolites with toxic and carcinogenic effects, which are produced by species of aspergillus, particularly aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus (a. parasiticus). The commodities such as peanuts, rice, corn and cottonseed have suitable condition for growth of these fungi, so con... |
The mood stabilizer and anticonvulsant drug valproic acid and the antidepressants doxepin and venlafaxine are well - established psychotropic drugs that are used widely . Valproic acid is one of the most important antiepileptic agents (stephen, 2003; angalakuditi and angalakuditi, 2011) applicable in antiepileptic main... |
All replication - competent retroviruses encode genes for three major proteins: gag, pol, and env . Complex retroviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), encode additional regulatory and accessory proteins required for efficient replication in host cell or the infected host organism . Gag, an essen... |
Systemic lupus erythematous (sle) is an autoimmune disease presenting many kinds of autoantibodies in serum . In case of elevated levels of antiphospholipid antibodies, the patient presents recurrent episodes of arterial and venous thrombosis, thrombocytopenia and spontaneous fetal losses . The vascular thrombosis may ... |
In the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (ms), which is an autoimmune disease, pathologic remodelling of the blood - brain barrier precedes the formation of focal demyelination in the brain white matter [13]. The remodelling of the blood - brain barrier in the course of ms is controlled by the activated t cd4 + lympho... |
Acinetobacter species are strictly aerobic nonfermenting gram - negative coccobacilli if in the inactive phase or bacilli if in the rapid - growth phase . The acinetobacter calcoaceticus acinetobacter baumannii complex comprises a. baumannii, a. pittii, a. nosocomialis, a. lwoffii and the environmental species a. calco... |
Otitis media with effusion (ome) is the fluid in the middle ear with no signs or symptoms of acute ear infection.1 relentless middle - ear fluid from ome results in decreased mobility of the eardrum and serves as a barrier to sound conduction.2 the eardrum is often cloudy with distinctly weakened mobility, and an air -... |
In 1992, medicare implemented the medicare physician fee schedule (mpfs) using a resource - based relative value scale (rbrvs), which established physician service payments based on relative costs instead of prevailing charges . The goal of the mpfs was to correct distortions produced by charge - based payments and to ... |
The quality of a scintigram depends on the number of acquired photons per unit area . Generally, the geometric efficiency of a gamma camera is small, and the data acquisition time of a scintigram is limited, and so the acquired counts of gamma rays are sometimes several tens to a hundred per pixel for imaging . As a re... |
However, when it comes to patients who have unstable vital signs or for whome medical therapy is not indicated, ecmo (extracorporeal membrane oxygenator) application and emergent thromboembolectomy can be considered . On the basis of the authors' surgeries, we wanted to determine the indications and results of thromboe... |
Its evolution can run through serious complications and irreversible damage [1, 2], mainly in our areas which are characterized by low medication and delays in referral specialist consultations . The issue of the com in developing countries still lies not only in its diagnostic approaches, but also in its treatment mod... |
The meeting was introduced by edwin l. cooper, a very communicative and scientifically participative professor, who illustrated the main aims of the journal ecam, evidence - based complementary and alternative medicine, and roused everyone to contribute publishing scientific - based evidences on homeopathy and other co... |
We have introduced and reported a potential novel clinical indicator for keratoconus (kcn) cornea instability assessment based on consistent, increased overall corneal epithelial thickness . As in our previous report, most epithelial measurements have been performed in vivo, by high - frequency scanning ultrasound biom... |
Innovations in research, diagnosis and therapeutics stimulated interest in this young branch of medicine . In 1805, cuvier defined the medulla and cortex of the adrenal gland . A few years late, alibert described acromegaly (1822), while rathke described the formation of the pituitary gland (1838). In 1860 prevost and ... |
Angiosarcoma (as) is an uncommon malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels and lining irregular blood - filled spaces . As of the mediastinum . We present a case of as of mediastinum that was managed with recombinant activated factor ... |
The behavioral, cognitive, and neurosciences (hereafter: the bcn - sciences) are gradually beginning to reveal the mechanisms that make us who we are . The success of this enterprise has led some to worry that these sciences will undermine the notion of free will and the idea that people are responsible for what they d... |
Gram - negative bacterium campylobacter is responsible for an estimated 400 million human cases of enterocolitis worldwide each year, making it the leading cause of bacterial foodborne disease and a major causative agent of traveller's disease . In a limited number of cases, the enteric manifestations are followed by s... |
Recently, the number of newly diagnosed patients with hiv infection is increasing in japan and eastern asia (even though it is decreasing in most western countries) while amebiasis is also increasing in japan as a sexually transmitted disease, especially among males who admit to having sex with men (msm). There is also... |
Malignant metastatic involvements of oral tissues have been infrequently reported only in 1% of all oral malignancies. [14] breast, lung, kidney, thyroid, and prostate are the most common primary sites . Furthermore, metastasis to soft tissues is less common compared with the osseous structures, and metastasis to gingi... |
Obesity is one of the major health challenges throughout the world, due to its association with an array of vascular, metabolic, and psychosocial complications [1, 2]. Obesity is traditionally associated with populations in europe and north america; however asian countries such as japan have recently reported increasin... |
Ir means that circulating insulin does not do its function in insulin sensitive tissues such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, and endothelium . Ir is related with central obesity, low high - density lipoprotein cholesterol, high triglycerides, raised blood pressure, and hemostatic defects . Diet, body composi... |
All persons living in 2 sami municipalities in northernmost finland (inari and utsjoki) on 31 december 1978 were identified from the finnish population information system . The sami were identified by using the material of the finnish international biological program, human adaptability section . Those data were produc... |
Utilizing the patient s immune system represents a promising approach for eradication of cancer . The immune system is well equipped to identify and eliminate malignant cells, but cancer cells can escape from immune surveillance, which can lead to the development of tumors with the potential to metastasize . Cancer vac... |
Primary intraosseous or ectopic meningioma of the skull is a rare tumor accounting for about 1% of meningiomas . It is postulated to arise from arachnoid cell rests captured at inappropriate sites during embryonic development or implantation of these cells by some mechanical insult like trauma or dural tear . Their ori... |
The genus dirofilaria consists of at least 2 species of epidemiologically important human pathogens, dirofilaria immitis (leidy, 1856) and dirofilaria (nochtiella) repens (railliet and henry, 1911). These worms commonly cause dirofilariasis in dogs, cats, and wild carnivores and are globally recognized as etiological a... |
Mesenteric venous thrombosis is a rare but potentially fatal complication associated with laparoscopy which has now become common practice and gold standard for many procedures in general surgery . There are only few scattered case reports in the literature describing this postoperative thrombotic event . In the presen... |
Granulomas are focal accumulations of epithelioid cells, typically with a rim of lymphocytes and fibroblasts, representing a delayed - type hypersensitivity reaction in response to antigenic stimulation . This stimulation is usually triggered by exposure to antigen that cannot be degraded or in cases of immune dysfunct... |
A descriptive cross - sectional study of students of federal school of dental therapy and technology, enugu, nigeria was conducted using self - administered questionnaire . All the students in year 14 were included in the study . Data was obtained on demography, frequency and duration of tooth brushing, texture of toot... |
These types of internal hernias are difficult to diagnose on imaging modalities, as herniated small bowel loops are non - clustered and non - encapsulated . We report a rare case of idiopathic combined transomental and transmesocolic internal hernia with its imaging features, diagrammatic representations and review of ... |
Polyamides, polyimides, and their copolymers are certainly one of the most useful classes of high - performance polymers, which have found many applications in industries as discussed by mittal and abade . Aromatic polyimides are an important class of heterocyclic polymers with remarkable heat resistance and superior m... |
Fistulas inaccessible from the vagina may require abdominal repair; we sought to evaluate the robotic - assisted laparoscopic approach for this procedure . A 41-year - old nulliparous woman presented with urinary incontinence following an abdominal hysterectomy, and office evaluation identified a vesicovaginal fistula ... |
It is estimated that 26.2% of americans aged 18 and older (about 1 in 4 adults) have a diagnosable mental disorder . In the aftermath of the sandy hook tragedy, mental health has been recognized as a priority issue in the united states, specifically depression . In a study by the centers for disease control and prevent... |
Pseudomyxoma peritonei, a mucinous cancer primarily of ovarian origin, was first described by rokitansky in 1892, although the term pseudomyxoma peritonei was first used by werth ., in 1901, frankel reported a similar pathology in association with a cyst of the appendix . Since then, the term has been used for various ... |
We retrospectively reviewed the radiological and clinical findings of 13 patients with a pathologically confirmed mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver . The institutional review board approved the review of the radiological and clinical data for this study and waived the requirement for informed consent . A computed hosp... |
Hereditary transthyretin (ttr) amyloidosis is a life - threatening autosomal - dominant disorder characterized by peripheral neuropathy, autonomic dysfunction, heart and kidney failure, and other symptoms leading to death, usually within 10 years of the onset of disease . It can be classified as early - onset and late ... |
However, not every orthopaedic surgeon has had the opportunity to observe a case of simultaneous shoulder dislocation with ipsilateral humeral shaft fracture . The literature related to this rare injury is limited to case reports often with inadequate follow ups . Herein we present a case of a 15-year - old boy with an... |
Early mortality in the initial 90 days after antiretroviral therapy (art) initiation is strikingly high among persons with low body mass index (bmi <18.5 kg / m) compared to those with normal bmi [14]. While a greater incidence of opportunistic infections and more advanced immunosuppression likely contributes to increa... |
A 9-year - old boy presented to the outpatient department with bilateral webbing from the lateral chest wall extending up to his elbows, which looked like wings [figure 1]. This deformity had been present since birth and involved anterior axillary fold as well as medial elbow [figure 2]. This was successfully treated o... |
Epidermoid cysts are rare, slow - growing, congenital, space - occupying lesions accounting for 0.2 - 1.8% of all primary brain tumors . Epidermoid cysts involving the brainstem are extremely rare, with only 18 reported cases in the literature and only five purely intrinsic epidermoid cysts within this group . Typicall... |
A 75-year - old man was referred to chungbuk national university hospital owing to urinary frequency . He had a history of transurethral resection of the bladder for invasive urothelial carcinoma 8 years previously . The tumor was of a low grade and invaded the subepithelial connective tissue . However, proper muscle i... |
Fibrinogen is a 340-kd glycoprotein, one of the critical proteins of the blood coagulation and platelet aggregation (1). It is composed of six polypeptide chains, (,,)2, which are held together by disulfide bonds and organized in a symmetrical dimeric fashion (1). Until now, a variety of mutations in each of the fibrin... |
Cell culture, transfection, and plasmid constructs culture and transfection of cos1 cells were performed as previously described (2). Mammalian expression plasmids pmcfp - rac1 and pmyfp - rac1 encoding the nh2-terminal fusion of monomeric cyan fluorescence protein (cfp) or yellow fluorescence protein (yfp) to rac1 as ... |
Vitamin d deficiency is reemerging as a major public health problem throughout the world . It is acknowledged that the prevalence of vitamin d deficiency and its associated morbidities are higher than previously thought worldwide . In addition to metabolic bone disease, recent studies reported that vitamin d deficiency... |
Notwithstanding the astonishing discrepancies among the orr activities reported from different laboratories and typically attributed to experimental protocols, electrode conditioning, and current - potential curves corrections, the rde technique together with the rdde one seems to be the method most used by the electro... |
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gists) are well recognized nonepithelial neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract (gi). After decades of ultra structural, immunohistochemical, and genetic studies, it is now evident that most gists are believed to differentiate from cajal (iccs) pacemaker cells . The cajal pacemaker cel... |
Post activation potentiation (pap) is a method used to increase the explosive strength of a contractile activity in order to naturally increase physical capabilities in the acute phase1 . The stimulus results in two opposing outcomes: on the one hand, there is atp level depletion post - workout; and, on the other hand,... |
Primary cardiac lymphoma (pcl) is a very rare neoplasm originating in the heart . Traditionally, pcl is defined as an extranodal lymphoma limited to the heart or pericardium . However, some previous reports demonstrated pcl cases with extracardiac involvement.1,2,3 pcl occupies 1.3% of primary cardiac tumors and 0.5% o... |
It is composed of several mullerian type lesions like endometriosis, endocervicosis and endosalpingiosis occurring together . A 32 year old lady presented with complaints of dysuria and burning micturition during menstrual cycles . Abdominal examination and per speculum examination was normal . Cystoscopy showed a 4 cm... |
The prototypical member of the pif1 family of helicases is the saccharomyces cerevisiae pif1 (scpif1) protein, which was initially isolated in a genetic screen for mutations affecting mitochondrial dna (mtdna) recombination (reviewed in bochman et al ., it was later discovered that scpif1 is a superfamily ib helicase w... |
Benzene (c6h6, cas number 71 - 43 - 2) is an aromatic hydrocarbon widely used as a solvent in chemical laboratories and as an intermediate in the chemical industry for manufacturing of polymers and other products . Benzene in air comes either from natural sources, such as forest fires and volcanic activity, or from hum... |
In a recent issue of the british journal of anaesthesia, moloney and griffiths reviewed basic issues surrounding the ongoing debate on ventilator induced / associated lung injury (vili) and the implications for patient care . The potential importance of vili / biotrauma is not only that it can aggravate ongoing lung in... |
The lij diabetes nurse champion (dnc) program was designed in 2010 to address the growing number of patients requiring inpatient diabetes education and the training needs of bedside nurses who are increasingly called on to educate these patients . Both the american diabetes association and the joint commission have ide... |
Bodybuilding is the use of progressive resistance exercise, and it involves drastic reductions in body fat while maintaining muscle mass . There is a tendency to think that there is a magic powder or supplement that will give you the physique of your dreams, but there is no substitute for hard work, commitment, and goo... |
1 . Analysis of tumor cases over eight years among the samples for which the department of veterinary pathology, gifu university, received requests for histological examination from other institutions during the eight - year period from 2005 to 2012, we used data only from the institutions located in gifu prefecture to... |
Rubella, also known as german measles or 3-day measles, is a contagious viral infection caused by rubella virus, an enveloped positive - stranded ribonucleic acid virus that is a member of the family togaviridae,1 genus rubivirus.2 the virus causes a mild rash - like disease that is associated with low - grade fever, l... |
Laser - assisted in situ keratomileusis (lasik) is the most popular refractive surgical procedure for the correction of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.1 the procedure is fast, with painless recovery of vision and lack of subepithelial haze, which are mainly due to the creation of a corneal flap with a microkeratome... |
Currently for super - obese individuals, bariatric surgery is the only evidence - based approach that results in clinically significant and sustainable weight loss . With the increasing prevalence of obesity, there is an increased demand for bariatric surgery . Subsequently, a large number of patients shall be presenti... |
Human african trypanosomiasis (hat) or african sleeping sickness is a serious life threatening disease . Around 60 million people in 36 african countries are currently in constant threat of infection . Although the reported number of cases has dropped over recent years, the actual number of unreported cases is estimate... |
For in utero electroporation, timed pregnant e13.5 cd1 mice were used (the morning of the vaginal plug was e0.5). One l of purified dna (1 - 2g/l) mixed with 0.005% fast green was injected in utero into the lateral ventricle and electroporated into the neocortical ventricular zone according to published protocols26 . B... |
Otitis media (om) is prevalent in infants, especially those 6 - 18 months old . The disease itself can be classified into three types: acute om, om with effusion (ome), and chronic om (1, 2, 3). Typically, otoscopy is used to assess the condition of the tympanic membrane (tm) surface or its mobility using pneumatic pre... |
Neoplasms are rare findings in pregnant women . Only several cases of kidney tumors in pregnancy were described in polish medical literature [14] and approximately 200 in the world . Here a 25year old 16week gravida (second pregnancy, second birth) was admitted to the gynecological ward because of acute right lumbar pa... |
The human liposarcoma cell line lisa-2 (21) was used as a cellular model of visceral human adipocytes and was maintained in dulbeccos modified eagles medium (dmem) supplemented with 10% fetal serum and antibiotics, at 37c and 5% co2 . To induce insulin resistance, human adipocytes were cultured for 21 days in serum - f... |
Elevated resting heart rate (rhr) has been associated with increased risk of all - cause mortality and cardiovascular (cv) events in healthy subjects as well as those with preexisting cv disease (cvd) including hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, and heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction by numerous epid... |
Who has defined low birth weight (lbw) as birth weight (bw) less than 2500 g at birth which is a global public health concern . About one half of the world's low birth weight (lbw) babies are born in south asia and bangladesh has the highest incidence (3147%) [1, 2]. Bw is an important predictor of infant growth and su... |
Treatment planning is challenging because the accumulated experience of any particular individual or institution in managing this tumour is rather limited . This problem is further compounded by the absence of a universally accepted tumour staging system, making treatment outcome comparison difficult . It is now known ... |
The cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) as a therapeutic intervention is performed for patients with cardiac and/or respiratory arrest . The success of this intervention is generally measured through the improvement of the patients' survival rate to hospital discharge . The evidence suggests the low success rate of cpr... |
Out - of - hospital cardiac arrest (ohca) in developed communities occurs more commonly and is a leading cause of death [1, 2]. Recently, chan et al . Reported a survival rate of 8.6% in the united states . In the netherlands, reported survival rates are much higher, from 9% even up to 43% [4, 5]. Importantly, determin... |
Oxalate decarboxylase (oxdc) catalyzes the mn - dependent conversion of oxalate monoanion into co2 and formate . Although the enzyme appears to be found in many fungi and some bacteria, its biological function remains poorly understood . It has been shown, however, that oxdc is a constituent protein of the spore coat f... |
A 33-year - old female was evaluated as part of an assessment for a 10-day pyrexia of unknown origin (puo). She had undergone a successful renal transplant three years earlier and was on systemic immunosuppressants (cyclosporine and oral prednisolone) to prevent an organ rejection . Systemically she was febrile (102 f)... |
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (ddh) is a dynamic disease which can present in different forms at different ages and evolves over time, potentially capable of getting better or worse as the child develops.1 the disease can be managed and can be less harmful if diagnosed and treated early . Diagnosis, however, has o... |
Vilmann, a gastroenterologist and leader in the field of esophageal ultrasound (eus), who did some of the pioneering work on esophageal access of mediastinal structures for the diagnosis and staging of thoracic diseases, stated: but how can we proceed to implement eus - fna as a routine procedure in respiratory medicin... |
Disability evaluation typically requires an assessment of the activities of daily life (adl) and instrumental adl (i - adl). In japan, a physical disability certificate is based on the patient's adl and i - adl grades . The independent adl scale, which is widely considered within the field of rehabilitation medicine to... |
To provide guidance for medical geneticists and other physicians regarding genetic evaluation of pathologic short stature . The purpose of genetic evaluation of short stature is to provide an accurate diagnosis and to provide information to the patient and family regarding natural history, prognosis, available treatmen... |
Ordered self - assembly of nanoscale building blocks, such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanoribbons, and so forth, into complex architectures has recently become a hot topic in material research fields . Remarkable progress has been made in the self - assembly of highly organized building blocks of metals [1 - 4], semic... |
The most serious complication of endoscopic papillectomy (ep) for ampullary adenoma is postprocedure severe pancreatitis . Many studies suggest that the prophylactic placement of a pancreatic duct (pd) stent after ep reduces the risk of pancreatitis.1,2 however, proximal migration of the pd stent occurs at a rate of ab... |
Glutamate and -aminobutyrate (gaba) are the two major amino acid transmitters in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, glutamate being responsible for excitatory and gaba for inhibitory transmission . In these higher brain regions glycine was earlier assumed to be only an obligatory cotransmitter in the excitatory n - me... |
Therefore finding of new and effective antimicrobial agents derived from new resources for such resistant bacteria is of an over riding importance . Nowadays, scientists and clinicians are looking for more efficient drugs, derived from natural and herbal resources, against microbial and viral infections (1). Plants are... |
Malignant hyperthermia (mh) is an autosomally inherited, potentially lethal myopathy with a heterogeneous etiology that is usually triggered by volatile anesthetics and depolarizing muscle relaxants . It is widely accepted that susceptibility to mh is caused by abnormal ca metabolism within the skeletal - muscle fiber ... |
Atherosclerosis and osteoporosis share an age - independent bidirectional correlation [1, 2], although they were considered to be independent pathologies . On one hand, low bone mass is associated with subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis, manifested as cardiovascular morbidity [4, 5] and mortality . On the other h... |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram - negative, aerobic bacterium found in water and soil . It is a normal flora of the skin and gastrointestinal tract of human beings (1, 2). This bacterium as an opportunistic pathogen is one of the most important microorganisms in nosocomial infections in immune - compromised patients i... |
Goiter prevalence in school - age children is an important indicator of iodine deficiency disorders in a population . Several studies [24] have shown that thyroid volume measured by ultrasound is the preferred indicator in epidemiological studies and monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders . Nevertheless, thyroid vol... |
Graves disease and hashimoto s thyroiditis are two common auto - immune diseases of thyroid gland . Hashimoto s thyroiditis or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is the most common cause of goiter in regions with no iodine deficiency . In this disease graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism . Due to lim... |
The development of multicellular systems requires that multipotent progenitors differentiate into specialized lineage - restricted daughter cells . The adoption of a particular cell fate by multipotent cells is orchestrated by networks of transcription factors, which act to coordinate changes in gene expression commens... |
Eligible patients were at least 18 years of age, had been diagnosed with adult ra (controlled or uncontrolled), and had been treated with methotrexate for 3 months or longer before enrollment . Women of childbearing potential were included only if they had negative pregnancy tests at screening and day of treatment and ... |
Kshv - gpcrs were expressed in cos-1 and nih 3t3 cells by transfection with pckshv - gpcr (6) or pcefl - kshv - gpcr (7) using the protocols described previously . The c - x - c chemokines huip-10 and humig, the mouse homologues muip-10 and mumig, and the huip-10 analogues were chemically synthesized using established ... |
Malaria is a threat both to pregnant women and their babies, with about 200,000 newborn deaths each year as a result of malaria in pregnancy . In sub - saharan africa, about 25 million pregnant women are at risk of malaria annually, and one in every four women has evidence of placental infection at the time of delivery... |
Protein - energy malnutrition (pem) remains a major public health problem in the world, particularly in developing countries . According to the world health organization (who), pem affects one - third of children around the world, and 43% of children in developing countries (230 million), presenting a delay in staturop... |
Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, allows controlled removal of aged, damaged, infected or unwanted cells, maintaining homeostasis in multicellular organisms . This process would be functionally ineffective without clearance of resulting apoptotic corpses, as without disposal, they would progress to second... |
Spontaneous necrosis or regression of malignant tumors has been reported mainly in neuroblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, malignant lymphoma and leukemia . It is a rare event occurring with a rate of 1 in 60,000100,000 tumors and has also been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). In 1972, spont... |
A 75-year - old female presented to the chest clinic of our hospital with a history of a cough with mucoid expectoration, episodic dyspnea with wheeze of 1 month duration . She did not have any symptoms of chest pain, hemoptysis, recurrent fever, weight loss, reflux, or symptoms of postnasal drip . She did not give any... |
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