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Mushrooms have been exploited in human diet for centuries because of their specific taste and flavour . Nowadays, they attract attention because of their beneficial effects and possible use in the prevention or treatment of diseases . It has been proven that the polysaccharide extract of pleurotus pulmonarius delays th... |
Improving informed decision making is essential for supportive end of life care [15]. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) preferences are the most common end of life discussion but occur infrequently and vary in content [1, 2]. Patients may not have the basic information needed and the timing for the discussion may be ... |
With the continued success of immunotherapies for various cancers in recent years 1, it is becoming widely accepted that cancer progression is not solely dependent on local tumor characteristics but also on the host inflammatory response 2 . Indeed, complex interactions between cancer cells and the host inflammatory re... |
Nasal tip surgery represents a challenge to rhinoplasty and requires the knowledge of essential anatomy and aesthetic points (figure 1). Several techniques can be performed to improve nasal tip definition, such as cartilaginous resection, tip grafts, or suture placement . Resection techniques have gradually been replac... |
The p21-activated kinases (paks) are downstream effectors of the ras - related rho - family gtpases rac and cdc42 . As such, the paks are involved in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation and migration, making them attractive therapeutic targets for cancer . The biological roles of the paks under normal and pa... |
Spinal muscular atrophy (sma) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by degeneration of the -motor neurons, leading to symmetrical muscle weakness and atrophy mainly of the lower limbs 1 . Here, we report on an infant with sma type 1 with a rare compound heterozygosity of the survival of motor neuron 1 gene (smn1) a... |
Zolpidem is a short - acting nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic of the imidazopyridine class used for short - term treatment of insomnia . Zolpidem selectively activates only one of the benzodiazepine binding sites of the gabaa receptor (alpha-1) which may account for its selective sedative effects and relative lack of muscle ... |
Mild - to - severe pruritus accompanies numerous inflammatory skin disorders including atopic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, or lichen planus . Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with a complex, multifactorial, and still not fully understood etiopathogenesis . The main factors contri... |
Progesterone (p4) exerts a broad spectrum of physiological actions in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, kidney, adipose tissue, bone, testis and the brain (graham and clarke, 1997; gellersen et al ., 2009; 2010). The primary target, however, is the female reproductive tract where p4 has facilitatory roles in ... |
The advent of effective chemotherapy has made limb salvage an oncologically safe option for a large majority of bone tumors without compromising long term survival . The femur is the commonest site for primary bone tumors, and rarely, the extent of tumor may necessitate resection of the complete femur to achieve adequa... |
Pre - crystallization lcp - frap assays are optional; however, they can significantly accelerate the process of searching for initial crystallization conditions, especially in the case of difficult membrane proteins . Purify a membrane protein of interest in a detergent solution and concentrate the protein / detergent ... |
Jaundice is one of the most prevalent clinical problems during neonatal period which requires interventional treatment . It affects 60% of healthy term neonates during the first week of life . Despite the fact that most icteric neonates have not any other disorders, physicians are worried about the toxic effects of bil... |
Recently, helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) infection has been increasingly reported to be inversely associated with allergic diseases, although some study groups proposed discrepancies in the data, i.e. Improvement or no improvement in allergic symptoms after the eradication . We by chance checked nonspecific serum immu... |
In orthodontics, several studies have showed that bracket and wire materials, sections, surface conditions, type and force of ligation, use of self - ligating brackets, saliva, and other oral functions influence friction (f) at the archwire - slot interface.110 self - ligating bracket1112 is a family of ligatureless br... |
Although ischemic stroke occurs mainly in elderly individuals aged 65 years or older, nowadays, there are growing evidences of an increasing trend of childhood ischemic stroke (1, 2). Childhood ischemic stroke is generally considered as a rare and benign occurrence, with an incidence of at least 3.3/100,000 (3). Howeve... |
The incidence rate of community - acquired pneumonia (cap) is estimated to be 5.2 to 6.1 cases per 1000 adults, and the mortality rate may reach 23% . Several independent risk factors for pneumonia have been identified, such as increasing age, comorbidities, swallowing dysfunction, and nutritional status . Host genetic... |
The world health organization (who) estimates that 21.4 million people suffer from active trachoma of which 7.2 million have blinding trichiasis while 1.2 million people are actually blind [1, 2]. The disease is still endemic in egypt, among 53 countries, as reported by the who . This disease is characterized by recurr... |
Deoxycytidine kinase (dck) is a deoxyribonucleoside kinase capable of phosphorylating deoxycytidine, deoxyadenosine, and deoxyguanosine to their monophosphate forms using either atp or utp as phosphoryl donors . Phosphorylation by dck is responsible for converting salvaged deoxycytidine into deoxycytidine monophosphate... |
Three cross - sectional surveys of cardiovascular disease risk factors and related health behavior were carried out in southeastern australia (14) to obtain rural data for comparison with the existing urban data . The first survey was conducted from august to october 2004 in limestone coast (lc, south australia), the s... |
Burkitt's lymphoma (bl) is a very high grade b cell neoplasm of the lymphoreticular system and is classified under nonhodgkin's lymphoma (nhl). It was first described and published by denis burkitt, termed the lesion a sarcoma involving the jaws by noticing the lesions on the faces of central - african children . Accor... |
Traditionally, most rna molecules were regarded as carriers conveying information from the gene to the translation machinery . The most prominent exceptions to this are transfer rna (trna) and ribosomal rna (rrna), both of which are directly involved in the process of translation . However, since the late 1990s, it has... |
Idiopathic infertility is a condition that refers to those men who have abnormal semen parameters without an identifiable cause based on history, physical examination, and currently available laboratory and radiographic examination . The fact that is impossible to determine the precise etiology of this form of infertil... |
World health organization (who) has described mood disorders as the major health issues of the 21st century . Bipolar mood disorder (bmd) is a chronic disease, with acute attacks, and has a lifetime prevalence of almost 2% to 4% . Such disorder, which is associated with various disabilities, can be detected in the peop... |
Since its discovery and introduction, the electroencephalogram (eeg) was viewed with a great enthusiasm as the only methodology allowing a direct, online view of the brain at work . The enormous complexity of the eeg signal should not surprise us since, the eeg is a direct correlate of brain function, and the brain is ... |
A literature search of the medline database (from january 1966 through july 2007) was conducted using the medical subject headings diabetes mellitus, type 2; drug therapy, combination; drug combinations; sulfonylurea compounds; acetohexamide; chlorpropamide; tolbutamide; tolazamide; glyburide; glipizide; biguanides; an... |
The following was an old conjecture of graham . Conjecture 1.1let cp be the cyclic group of order p prime and let s be a sequence over cp of length p . If all (nontrivial) zero - sum subsequences of s are of the same length, then the number of distinct terms in s is at most 2 . Let cp be the cyclic group of order p pri... |
A 7-year - old girl had been healthy until 7 days before she was admitted to niigata prefectural hospital, niigata, japan, on june 21, 2010, for cough and prolonged fever . On day 1 of her illness, the girl had visited her primary care physician and was prescribed azithromycin, a macrolide antimicrobial drug, for a low... |
Reactions were analyzed on an abi 3730 capillary sequencer (applied biosystems, warrington, u.k . ). Sequences were compared with the reference sequences nm_000525 and nm_000352.2, which incorporate the alternatively spliced residue in exon 17 (l78208, l78224), using mutation surveyor 3.20 software (softgenetics, state... |
We report the case of an independent 78-year - old man with low back pain and mild lower limb weakness in whom iatrogenic meningitis and associated bacteremia developed after a computed tomography myelogram . The procedure was performed on june 21, 2013, on an outpatient basis in the radiology department of geelong hos... |
As with left main coronary artery diseases, patients with coronary ostial stenosis are at high risk of premature death, which relates directly to the extent of the area of myocardium placed in jeopardy ., the incidence of ostial stenosis has varied between 0.13 and 2.7%, and in the majority of cases there is a coexisti... |
Disease research in pathology informatics requires archiving, retrieving, organizing, sharing, and analyzing diverse pathology - related data sources . The most important data source for pathologists is the data collected by anatomic and clinical pathologists (e.g., blood tests, surgical pathology reports, autopsy repo... |
Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic, autoimmune and progressive spondyloarthropathy affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints . Involvement of the cervical joints, temporomandibular joints and cricoarytenoid joints in these patients may cause difficulty during intubation . Although there are various options available f... |
All subjects were participants in the screening cohort of the dpt-1 study (5) who were screened for the presence of icas between february 1994 and october 2002 for potential study accrual to delay or prevent type 1 diabetes . The current study group was comprised of first- and second - degree relatives of patients with... |
The prevalence of clinical depression and presence of elevated depressive symptoms are higher among persons with diabetes compared to the general population . This association may be bidirectional . Newly diagnosed diabetics suffer not only from somatic symptoms of the disease, but also from indisposition due to lifest... |
Although great advances have been made in the field of oral health in the world, dental caries remains a significant problem world - wide . Fluoride - releasing restorative materials applied in dentistry, with regular release of small amounts of fluoride in the oral cavity, act as caries preventive systems . Among thes... |
Although considered common in the environment, the suspected endocrine - disruptor16 bisphenol a (bpa) has been associated with larger urban areas in more developed countries where the manufacture, distribution, and use of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics is concentrated.712 recent studies of more urbanized area... |
Joint contracture occurs after a long period of fixation and/or immobilization due to fracture or impaired consciousness . The influence of the skin on joint contracture has been determined in several studies based on the change in range of motion (rom) between the first measurement after cast removal and the second me... |
Functional glycomics is an emerging field of science, aiming to create a cell - by - cell catalogue of glycosyltransferase expression and detected glycan structures in relation to health and diseases (13). However, modern analytical methods such as mass spectrometry and nmr have afforded the ability to elucidate most s... |
Corneal biomechanics is a branch of science that studies deformation and equilibrium of corneal tissue under the application of any force . The structure and hence the properties of a soft tissue, such as the cornea, are dependent on the biochemical and physical nature of the components present and their relative amoun... |
Cardiomyopathies are heterogeneous diseases in which alterations of heart muscle structure and function are the main characteristics . Dilated cardiomyopathy (dcm) is characterized by cardiac chamber dilation and systolic dysfunction in the absence of coronary artery disease or other conditions associated with pressure... |
In the united states (usa), cigarette consumption has steadily declined during the past decade . However, sales of cigars, particularly little cigars and cigarillos, have markedly increased . Of the three types of cigar products available in the usa, trend data from 1993 to 2006 suggest that the sales of large cigars d... |
Infections caused by opportunistic pathogens, such as yeasts, are becoming important reasons of morbidity and mortality because of alterations in the immune system and invasive hospital procedures 1 . Aids, organ transplantation, chemotherapy, invasive procedures and radiotherapy increased the prevalence of immunocompr... |
Asked how they make a decision, health professionals, either individually or as part of a multidisciplinary medical team, will often say something liketogether with the patient we look at the available options to see how well each performs on the main effect benefit, then take into account the side effect and adverse e... |
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder that affects 1% of the population worldwide; it is characterized by a complex phenotype, including positive, negative, affective symptoms and cognitive impairments [1, 2]. Schizophrenia psychosis usually occurs in late adolescence and early adulthood between ages of 18 and... |
Biological research in affective disorders has focused primarily on the neurochemical basis of the disorder . Radiological techniques that allow investigation of the living brain in health and disease have become widely available . Later, the more precise methodology of magnetic resonance imaging (mri) was applied with... |
In his book, beyond good and evil, friedrich nietzsche once wrote, beware that, when fighting monsters, you yourself do not become a monster (1). In addition to the vagaries of human behavior, the phrase can also be applied to the dual effects of the human immune system that a system highly evolved to protect the host ... |
Glaucoma is a relatively common disease in which the death of retinal ganglion cells causes a progressive loss of sight, often leading to blindness . There have been several new developments in automated threshold perimetry, which has been shown to be a rapid and effective method of detecting glaucomatous visual field ... |
The supercolonies formed by so - called' unicolonial' ant species are huge cooperative groups networks of interconnected nests that exchange individuals and share territory peacefully over extensive areas . In extreme cases, a whole population can comprise a single supercolony; for example, the largest supercolony disc... |
The terms phase iii and multiple sclerosis were used for a pubmed search with no time restriction in march 2014 . Studies were eligible for inclusion if they (1) were phase iii trials of dmds in pwrms and (2) reported the rate of neoplasms and cancers observed . Conference abstracts were excluded as were studies invest... |
Hypertension is a major risk factor for the atherosclerotic vascular disease in coronary, cerebral, and peripheral arteries . Examination of atherosclerotic lesions has revealed that each lesion contains significant amounts of three cellular elements: smooth muscle cell proliferation; large amounts of connective tissue... |
Prostate cancer constitutes a major health burden, being the most common non - cutaneous malignancy among men in developed countries . In 2007, almost 800,000 new cases of prostate cancer and 250,000 deaths from this disease were estimated to have occurred worldwide . The highest incidence of prostate cancer is observe... |
The year 2008 marks the 27th anniversary of the first case report of a new disease today known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), whose etiological agent is human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) (1). An estimated 38.6 million people are now living with hiv or aids worldwide, and nearly 11 000 people ar... |
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm) in korea is estimated to be 7.3% (in those over 20 years of age), and it has increased about 5-fold over the past 30 years according to a report of the korea national health and nutrition examination survey (knhnes iii, 2005). The number of patients with t2 dm is expec... |
Syntheses of quinoxalines have attracted a great deal of attention in view of their potent biological and pharmacological activities including anticonvulsant [14], antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitubercular, antileishmanial, antiamoebic, analgesic, antihistaminic, antineoplastic, hypoglycemic, mao - a inhibit... |
The world wide web has become an excellent resource for distribution of educational materials in an electronic format for independent study with computer - aided instruction . Students in the health sciences can utilize their own electronic devices with web browsers to access a growing number of web - based educational... |
Having strong coping skills to reduce stress and satisfaction on the decision - making process to be creative and also having problem - solving skill is necessary in life . In this way, learning should be defined meaningful and problem - solving skill is one of these ways . Unfortunately, traditional teaching method in... |
These infectious diseases have spread worldwide and have become a serious public health problem (1). E. histolytica possesses mitosomes, a type of mitochondrion - related organelle (mro) (25). This organelle was originally called crypton when its discovery was reported, and such organelles are currently known as mitoso... |
Wild - type phi29 dnap (833,000 u ml; specific activity 83,000 u mg) was supplied by enzymatics corporation . Phosphoramidites (including abasic residue (dspacer), 3-spacer c3 cpg, and acridine) were from glen research . Dna oligonucleotides were synthesized at the stanford university protein and nucleic acid (pan) fac... |
The treatment of periodontal diseases has now moved toward an antimicrobial model of disease management . With the threat of widespread antibiotic resistance rendering many antibiotics useless against important diseases, there is an increased necessity not only to minimize antibiotic use and develop novel nonantibiotic... |
In addition to being cause of death of millions of people, it causes temporary or permanent disabilities for millions of others . This affects not only the individual, but also the family, society and other involved systems insofar as this has been one of the priorities identified by the world health organization . Alt... |
In 2008, ticks were collected from animals from 2 different biotopes where each babesia species had been known to circulate: a farm on which a herd was infected with b. divergens and a reserve on which wild fauna were infected with babesia sp . Eu1 . A dairy farm in la verrie (vende, france) was selected as a favorable... |
In the last two decades, there was a remarkable increase in studies concerning food science performed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy [1, 2]. The reason for nmr success in food analysis lies essentially in the possibility to study complex matrices, obtaining a large number of information on me... |
It was initially isolated from the fungus tolypocladium inflatum from a soil sample obtained by sandoz scientists at hardangervidda, norway in 1970 . Cyclosporine is a cyclic nonribosomal peptide of 11 amino acids and contains a single d - amino acid, which is rarely encountered in nature . The drug exhibits very poor ... |
Foot ulceration occurs in approximately 1525% of people with diabetes while amputation prevalence ranges between 0.24.8%, worldwide . In addition to the morbidity, diabetic foot complications are associated with high mortality . In one study, foot ulceration was associated with a two - fold increase in mortality indepe... |
Autoimmune diseases (aids) are chronic disorders originated by the loss of immunological tolerance to self - antigens . This heterogeneous group of conditions present common genetic risk factors and share several pathophysiological mechanisms leading to overlapping clinical manifestations targeting specific organs or m... |
Acute inflammation produces a condition known as hyperalgesia, which is characterized by enhanced pain sensation and reduced pain threshold . This abnormal sensory state is brought about, at least in part, by sensitization of peripheral nociceptors . Accumulating evidence indicates that inflammatory mediators including... |
The ethics committee of gois federal university approved this study under protocol #020/2008 . Recombinant mycobacterium smegmatis production: m. smegmatis mc 155 (kindly provided by dr . Luciana leite of the butantan institute, brazil) was grown in middlebrook 7h9 broth (himedia, mumbai, india) supplemented with 0.05%... |
Cerebral palsy (cp) is a severe childhood disability, characterized by a nonprogressive motor disorder of posture and movement due to a lesion in the developing brain . The prevalence of this clinical condition among children aged 310 years has been reported to be 2.4 in every 1000 live - borns, being significantly hig... |
Lactic acidosis (la) is a high anion gap metabolic acidosis with serum lactate levels> 5 mm / l and acidemia (ph <7.35) caused by over - production or underutilization of lactic acid from the body . Thiamine deficiency is one of the causes and cases of refractory la treated successfully with thiamine were reported in t... |
Large airway obstruction may be due to intraluminal disease, stenosis, tracheobronchial collapse and extinsic compression . Surgical resection and anastomosis is the accepted approach to short focal airway disease . In many cases this may not be feasible because of the site and extent of the stenosis, the cause of the ... |
Hypomurocin (hm) peptides are the members of peptaibol family [13], which were originally isolated from the fungus hypocrea muroiana (synonymous to trichoderma atroviride), and they showed antibiotic and hemolytic activities . In a recent study, the hm molecules were also detected in other hypocrea spp ., and based on ... |
Phyllodes tumor of the breast accounts for 0.3%1% of all primary breast tumors and for 2.5% of all fibroepithelial tumors of the breast . They are circumscribed biphasic fibroepithelial tumors, with classic histology showing hypercellular mesenchymal stroma and double - layered epithelium in clefts . Based on stromal c... |
Dermatophytes, yeasts, and moulds are all potential causes on onychomycosis worldwide . Often, non - dermatophytes are considered contaminants or secondary pathogens in onychomycosis, invading the already damaged by trauma or disease . Onychomycosis is a frequent clinical entity encountered in dermatological practice w... |
Altman and das (1965) proposed in 1965 the revolutionary idea that new neurons are born in the adult brain . For decades, the concept has been ignored until it was rediscovered in the early 1990s . It is now well accepted that new neurons are born throughout life, even in humans (eriksson et al ., 1998; jin et al ., 20... |
Man's yesterday may ne'er be like his morrow; nought may endure but mutabililty . Percy bysshe shelley (1816) mutability the first hint that the cytosine - guanine (cpg) dinucleotide might constitute a hotspot for pathological mutations in the human genome came nearly 25 years ago with the finding that two different cg... |
The present staging system for melanoma, using breslow thickness, ulceration, mitotic rate, and the presence of regional and distant metastases, stratifies patients into heterogenous groups, with wide variability in outcome or response to therapy . This results in applying more aggressive surgical and adjuvant therapie... |
Cardiovascular diseases and related disorders are a major cause of mortality both in men and women all over the world . They are commonly characterized by high levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein (ldl) cholesterol in the blood . Large amount of triglyceride and total cholesterol, more... |
The incidence of vascular complications of injecting illicit drugs is growing due to the new kinds of drugs and diverse way of consumption . These facts have contributed to the increasing risk of venous thromboembolism. [24] moreover, patients with hiv / aids have more frequent episodes of deep venous thrombosis (dvt) ... |
Prevention of blood loss is a major concern during liver resections as it is the major determinant of operative outcome . Bleeding along with bile leak and hepatic failure is one of the major postoperative complications following liver resection [13]. Lin et al . Introduced the finger fracture technique which involves ... |
Since the discovery of the fragile x mental retardation 1 (fmr1) gene in 1991, our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying fragile x syndrome (fxs) has increased tremendously . The disorder is caused by dynamic mutation of a single trinucleotide sequence, cgg, on the x chromosome . In patients, cgg repeat expa... |
Gestational diabetes mellitus (gdm) identifies women with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease . Therefore, women with prior gdm (pgdm) are recommended to regularly undergo assessment of glucose tolerance in order to detect overt diabetes in time to initiate treatment to prevent co... |
A 42 year old gentleman presented with rest tremors, bradykinesia and rigidity for 10 years . He responded very well to the treatment [updrs scale (off 40, on 24)]. After three years of onset of the disease, family members noticed that while walking he was having lateral flexion of trunk and was leaning on left side (s... |
Rituximab (rituxan) is a chimeric igg1 monoclonal antibody that targets the cd20 receptor and is used in the management of lymphoproliferative disorders . Rituximab is fda approved in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll), non - hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl), and rheumatoid arthritis (ra). Rituximab is general... |
Rats were maintained in rooms with controlled temperature and light at 23 3c and 14 h light/10 h dark cycle (lights on at 0500 h). Adult female rats showing at least two regular four - day estrous cycles were mated . The day of parturition was defined as day 0 (d0) of lactation and the number of pups was adjusted to ei... |
Hodgkin lymphoma (hl) is a potentially curable lymphoma with distinct histology, biologic behaviour, and clinical characteristics . The reported five - year event - free survival ranges between 80 and 90% with combined modality chemotherapy and radiotherapy . Despite the high cure rate with initial therapy, approximate... |
The major problem of children with cerebral palsy is an inability to use movement control for balance as well as an inability to use the hands for reaching and manipulation in daily activities2 . In daily life activities, therefore, children s physical capabilities must be evaluated in a real occupational environment .... |
Autism typically develops in childhood, and it is considered as a systemic spectrum disorder with multiple development trajectories with an incidence four times higher in males than in females (grossi and terruzzi 2014). In addition to behavioural traits, gi abnormalities such as diarrhoea, constipation, bloating and a... |
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (cml) is a malignant clonal disorder of hemopoietic stem cells characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of immature granulocytes . Leukostasis is one of the complications of cml and is characterized by partial or total occlusion of microcirculation by aggregation of leukemic... |
Copd includes chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema, having as a common feature the blockage of the lung airways, thus reducing significantly the airflow at the end and trapping the air inside . The obstruction initially causes decline in lung function, leading to decreased breathing, especially after severe fatig... |
An 83-year - old woman (height: 168 cm, weight: 56 kg) was admitted to the outpatient center to receive a second transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (turbt). The patient had underlying diabetes and hypertension and was taking a calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) and an angiotensin ii receptor blocker (candelot... |
Omeprazole (omz), 5-methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulphinyl]-1h - benzimidazole, is the first member of the proton pump inhibitors that are widely used for the prophylaxis and treatment of both gastro - duodenal ulcers and symptomatic gastrooesophageal reflux . Also, it is highly effective in t... |
Lingual orthodontics, a more esthetic orthodontic technique than labial orthodontics, has developed rapidly in recent years.1 - 3 many case reports and papers have documented the treatment effects, and a variety of bracket designs have been produced.4,5 the disadvantages of lingual orthodontics include the excessive ch... |
Low back pain is a highly prevalent complaint, reported to affect 26.4% of us adults at some point in the last three months, although fewer than 1% of patients proceed to undergo surgical intervention . In spite of methodical advances in surgical techniques, incidental durotomy (iatrogenic dural tears) during posterior... |
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (ups), formerly known as malignant fibrous histiocytoma (mfh), is a common soft tissue sarcoma in which any attempt to describe the line of differentiation fails . Ups was first described by ozzello et al . In 1963, and feldman and norman first described primary malignant tumor of b... |
Ramadan is a holy month observed by muslims all over the world, during which fasting is rigorously observed from dawn until sunset . The duration of fasting varies by geographical location and season . During summer and northern latitudes, fasting begins after a meal before dawn (sahur) and is completed after sunset by... |
Renal diseases contribute a major component to morbidity and mortality; with a prevalence of 17.2% . It has become a global problem necessitating early detection, evaluation, and preventive management to delay progression and to prevent adverse outcomes . The incidence of renal failure has doubled in the last 15 years ... |
High - frequency ventilation (hfv) has been compared with conventional mechanical ventilation (cmv) since the 1980s . In hfv, patients are ventilated with small tidal volumes, even smaller than the dead space of their airways, at high frequencies, normally between 5 and 10 hz . Because hfv combines high mean airway pre... |
A 12-year - old male, whose father was a ldl receptor (ldl - r) mutation carrier, developed corneal arcus and multiple skin lesions with a 10-year history of xanthomas . Both his parents had elevated levels of total serum cholesterol and ldl cholesterol . His elder brother died of myocardial infarction secondary to fh ... |
During pregnancy in larger mammals, the maternal immune system must tolerate the fetus for months . Although in mice tolerance is accomplished by suppression of maternal immune cells, species with longer pregnancies probably cannot suppress their immune systems to the same extent because this would make them prone to i... |
Patients with eos usually present in the fourth and fifth decades of life unlike skeletal osteosarcoma patients who present in the fifth and sixth decades of life . There are also reports of eos involving the face, breast, abdominal wall, soft tissues of the back and retroperitoneum, and site of a vaccination scar . Fo... |
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