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Tissue samples were taken from 27 patients with suspected cl who had consulted the health centers from march 2005 to march 2006 . Local reference laboratories evaluated all stained slides by light microscopy and positively identified leishmania amastigotes . Patients had no history of travel and were assumed to been in... |
With the rapid increase in the applications of coronary angiography, a growing number of coronary artery ectasia (cae) cases have been detected . Cae is an independent predictor of mortality, and aneurysmal patients with nonobstructive diseases have mortality rates similar to those of patients with 3-vessel diseases . ... |
Geriatricians in canada have long looked to our colleagues in the united kingdom for inspiration and guidance . A recent report by david oliver, catherine foot, and richard humphries on behalf of the king s fund raises many issues regarding current problems with the care for older adults in existing health - care syste... |
A male patient was referred to a physician in a clinic with the chief complaint of abdominal pain for 2 3 days . The patient's sister noted that the patient was a psychiatric patient diagnosed with depression, anxiety as well as drug addiction . The patient's sister also noted that the patient had no verbal communicati... |
Cancers of the upper urinary tract (including renal parenchyma, renal pelvis and ureters) are rare, occurring in only 8% of all renal malignancies . Furthermore, primary rscc is less commonly seen, with a prevalence of 1.35% of the malignancies of the upper urinary tract . Rscc usually progresses insidiously, resulting... |
Performance monitoring is a major executive function, which allows for an online adaptation of behavior according to internal goals and standards and includes the process of error monitoring . In order to accomplish goal - oriented behavior and prevent performance errors, we constantly control the outcome of our action... |
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial complex disease triggered and maintained by a low - level chronic inflammation of the arterial wall . The onset of atherosclerosis includes a dysfunction of endothelial cells, caused by a variety of external stimuli (e.g., hypertension, reactive oxygen species, or modified low - dens... |
The basal ganglia, a group of nuclei, are associated with a variety of functions, including movement, reward, and motivational processes (percheron et al ., 1994; mink, 1996; delong and wichmann, 2007). The striatum, which is the major input station of the basal ganglia in the brain, is regulated in part by dopaminergi... |
Negative change within the carotid artery is reportedly an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (cvd) and stroke1 . Several studies report an association of cvd risk with increased of carotid intima - media thickness (cimt)2,3,4 and luminal diameter (cld)5, 6 . Recently, a followed - up study reported tha... |
Congenital hypothyroidism in neonates and very young infants is usually caused by thyroid dysgenesis associated with an absent, ectopic, or hypoplastic thyroid gland, and can be detected by neonatal screening in the general population . Although this illness itself is considered to be unchanged throughout the patient s... |
Quality of life (qol) is a broad, complex, multidimensional concept that incorporates psychological, economic, philosophical, socio - cultural and spiritual dimensions . Studies done in patients with different chronic diseases like chronic renal failure, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and psychiatry disorders had s... |
It is well known that alcoholism can lead, in the long - term, to deficits in neurocognitive functions that involve memory, learning, visual - spatial orientation, psychometricity, and information processing, among other skills.1,2 in addition, previous authors have highlighted pronounced impairments in the recognition... |
A 60-year - old woman (height, 150 cm; weight, 58 kg) was scheduled for aortic and mitral valve repairs with maze procedure for mixed aortic and mitral valvular heart disease with atrial fibrillation (af). The preoperative electrocardiogram showed af with ventricular rates of 60 - 100/min and left ventricular hypertrop... |
Postural control refers to the sensorimotor control that maintains center of pressure (cop) within the base of support when postural sway occurs due to active or external forces1 . Patients with stroke show a pattern of increased postural sway during quiet standing due to motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments2, 3, ... |
Hemangiomas are generally classified into capillary, cavernous, mixed and sclerosing types according to the type of blood cells they are composed . Hemangiomas are mostly seen in the head and neck region and thought to originate from endothelial progenitor cells . Oral capillary hemangiomas consist small - sized, and t... |
Lupus vulgaris is the most common morphological presentation of cutaneous tb that can present as papular, nodular, plaque, ulcerative, vegetating, and tumid forms . It often originates from an underlying focus of tb, typically in a bone, joint or lymph node, and spreads by either contiguous extension of the disease fro... |
A 65-year - old female visited korea university anam hospital complaining of chest pain, palpitation, and dyspnea . On the basis of computed tomography, she was diagnosed with takayasu s arteritis including a large aneurysm (58 mm) on the aortic distal arch (fig . Because the patient strongly refused surgery, we perfor... |
Accessory fissures in the lungs are common congenital variations, which occur due to lack of obliteration of fissures separating individual bronchopulmonary segments during the development . Presence of accessory fissures should be documented in the radiological report as they affect the surgical planning, especially i... |
The senescence - accelerated mouse (sam) is a group of inbred mouse strains that are used as animal models of senescence acceleration and age - associated disorders . During sister - brother mating of akr / j mice obtained from jackson laboratories (me, usa) by the department of pathology, chest disease research instit... |
The design and methods of this multicenter, randomized controlled trial have been detailed elsewhere (8,20) and will be briefly reported here . Locally appointed ethics committees approved the research protocol, and participants gave written informed consent . The ides involved 22 outpatient diabetes clinics throughout... |
The seven country study, conducted in the 1950s by ancel keys, described the foods and beverages frequently consumed in the mediterranean area(1). The mediterranean dietary pattern (mdp) identified in that study, was characterized as a dietary pattern rich in plant - based foods (vegetables, fruits, cereals, legumes, n... |
Some of the earliest of these experimental preimpregnated fiber - reinforced composites (frcs) designed for dental applications were based on glass - reinforced thermoplastics by goldberg et al . In the year 1994 . He studied the flexural property, stress relaxation and hydrolytic stability of frc based on thermoplasti... |
Since the last description of rebase in the 2003 nar database issue (1), there has been considerable growth in the size of the database primarily due to the large number of restriction modification (rm) genes that can be found in the sequence databases . More than 200 bacterial and archaeal genomes are available from g... |
A 25-year - old, 68 kg, bmi 27.64 kg / m, asa ii primigravida, was taken up for emergency caesarean section for meconium - stained liquor and fetal distress . She was a known case of preeclampsia and her blood pressure was controlled on methyl dopa 250 mg po thrice daily . Her preoperative hematologic investigations we... |
Reactive perforating collagenosis is a rare perforating disorder.it is characterised by collagen bundles perforating the epidermis . Reactive perforating collagenosis (rpc) is a rare form of transepidermal elimination (tee) disorder in which there is extrusion of altered collagen from the epidermis . Rpc can exist in t... |
Birth defects occur as a result of genetic problems caused by mutations in one or more genes, chromosomal aneuploidy or environmental factors during the gestational period . Cytogenetic disorders occur in about 2% of pregnancies in women older than 35 years, 1% of live births and 6% of still births . It is evident that... |
The optimal visualisation of vocal cords during fibreoptic intubation may be utilised for the nares - vocal cord distance (nvd) estimation, which is a very useful measurement for blind nasal intubation, positioning of the nasopharyngeal airway (npa) or of endotracheal tube as npa and positioning of temperature sensor .... |
Access to high quality reproductive health services is of primary concern in cambodia due to high levels of maternal mortality and morbidity over the last two decades.13 high utilization of the private sector to meet reproductive health needs, especially for abortion, has complicated efforts to document access and to a... |
The patient was a 13-day - old male infant 1,350 g at birth, who was born by cesarean delivery . Pulmonary surfactant was administered via an endotracheal tube twice because of respiratory distress syndrome and the newborn was provided with mechanical ventilation for 35 hours . The patient received oxygen by hood until... |
For example, stomach, liver, and colon cancer are common in patients with inflammatory colitis . There is considerable correlation between the prognosis of various cancers and specific inflammatory markers and cytokines as well as systemic, nonspecific inflammatory markers such as c - reactive protein (crp). Crp is a g... |
Chemotherapy is known to be a critical remedy for tumors, and cyclophosphamide (cp) is used as a common chemotherapeutic drug for cancer and immunosuppression for nephritic disorders and lupus erythematosus, while negative roles of cp on male reproductive functions have been widely recognized for many years, which resu... |
An esthetic wire coated with a tooth - colored plastic material, such as a synthetic fluorine - containing resin or an epoxy resin composed mainly of polytetraflueroethlyene, has been used to satisfy esthetic demands . Several problems involving the wearing or peeling of the outer coatings of coated wires have been ide... |
Nephrotic syndrome results in loss of plasma proteins and various other macromolecules in the urine leading to their deficiencies . Many of the physiologically important molecules which exist in the plasma, bound to plasma proteins, are also carried away and are lost in the urine . The common abnormalities arising as a... |
A 43-year - old woman, with no significant previous medical history, was admitted due to fever, chills, and headache which she had been experiencing for the past several days . Her laboratory work showed a cell count of 20 /l with 38% neutrophils on cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and elevated levels of serum troponin i ... |
Six rnase - free, hplc - purified 5-phosphorylated mirna oligoribonucleotides were synthesized (integrated dna technologies) for the analytical portion of this study, corresponding to hsa - mir-16 (5-phospho - uagcagcacguaaauauuggcg - oh-3), hsa - mir-141 (5-phospho - uaacacugucugguaaagaugg - oh-3), hsa - mir-135b (5-p... |
Gastric carcinoma is the second most common cause of cancer - related death in iran . The most important advancement in the epidemiology of gastric adenocarcinoma is the identification of its relationship with helicobacter pylori infection which has been reported by several well - designed cohort studies . Persistent h... |
We stood at the bedside of a tiny infant in the neonatal intensive care unit . Another member of our infectious disease team had just gotten off the phone with the microbiology lab: a yeast had grown from the blood culture . When i told the residents, he has a one in four chance of dying from this infection, they did n... |
The influenza a h1n1 (2009) virus affected thousands of children in catalonia (spain) in fall 2009 (10001200 infections per 100 000 inhabitants aged <15year old between weeks 43 and 46 of 2009). The infection typically caused mild respiratory symptoms, but other less usual extrapulmonary manifestations and a severe cli... |
Interferon - alpha (ifn-), which is the main therapeutic agent used for chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection, is associated with side effects such as flu - like symptoms, hematologic abnormalities and thyroid disease . Prospective studies have shown that up to 40% of patients with hcv infection develop thyroid ant... |
Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively blocks the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) receptor . The addition of bevacizumab to first or second line chemotherapy was associated with longer overall survival (os) and progression free survival (pfs) in metastatic colo... |
Although fat embolization may occur in almost all patients with pelvic or long bone fractures; in most cases it is sub - clinical.12 the reported incidence of fat embolism syndrome in long bone fractures is 0.5 - 11% and up to 30% in bilateral femoral fractures.345 cerebral fat embolism syndrome where the clinical mani... |
Initial laboratory values were: wbc 2900/l, anc 900/l, hemoglobin 12.0 g / dl, mcv 95 fl, and platelet count of 156,000/l . Creatinine, ast, alt, bilirubin, tsh, iron, total iron binding capacity, ferritin, and vitamin b12 levels were normal . Past medical history was significant for coronary artery disease, ulcerative... |
Antibiotic therapy directed against multiresistent bacteria is a significant cost driver in clinical medicine . Due to various reasons, the costs of new antibiotics are comparatively high and some multiresistant bacteria can or should only be treated with new antibiotics . Moreover, most complicated bacterial infection... |
Phacoemulsification and recent advances in cataract surgery techniques led to improved postoperative outcomes . Nowadays, along with the improvement in biometry and corneal topography in preoperative examination, patients presenting with cataract can be diagnosed with corneal ectasias, i.e. Keratoconus (kc) or pellucid... |
To report a case of frosted branch angiitis (fba) secondary to neuro - behet . Description, diagnosis, angiogram imaging and follow - up of a 28-year - old female with fba . Frosted branch angiitis is a clinical term applied to three conditions: infiltration of vessels by malignant cells, and sheathing of vessels eithe... |
The students were assured that scores obtained by them in this study would not be counted for internal assessment of university . A sample size analysis was done at the initiation of the study . As per our pilot study, the standard deviation of marks was estimated to be approximately two . Based on a two tailed a of 0.... |
In varied contexts, the assessment of alcohol misuse needs screening efforts, and in those positive, for subsequent evaluation of severity . Screening is necessary to identify subjects at risk particularly in the early phase of drinking . It helps in identifying both hazardous and harmful users . In general, the screen... |
In this issue of critical care, totapally et al . Evaluated the effect of albuterol on tidal breathing loops of 20 infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis . They found that the wheeze score and the pulmonary function tests were not significantly affected by albuterol . This is the latest of 12 rand... |
Guidelines for group b streptococcus (gbs) originally established in 1996 (and reaffirmed in 2002 and 2010) by the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) identify asymptomatic infants born to mothers who were colonized with gbs but received <4 hours of intrapartum antibiotics, as at - risk for presenting late... |
Vitamin e is a family of compounds that has long been thought to have biological properties that may prevent prostate and other cancers . Of these compounds, -tocopherol is the most bioavailable in humans and, according to the institute of medicine, is the only form of vitamin e that has been demonstrated to reverse vi... |
Polymerdrug conjugates are established as one of the first - generation nanomedicines for the treatment of cancer . Their use facilitates the uptake and transport of therapeutic agents and creates a dose - differentiation between the treatment target and the rest of the body, due to the fact that macromolecules can acc... |
Postinfectious obliterative bronchiolitis (ob) is an uncommon and severe form of chronic obstructive lung disease that occurs in children after lower respiratory tract injury . () in terms of diagnosis, there are no specific signs or symptoms of postinfectious ob . Clinical and imaging findings are used in combination ... |
A 20-year - old boy presented to the emergency department with sudden onset severe left flank pain for a week and no associated vomiting or urinary symptoms . He had a history of per - rectal bleeding 6 months earlier for which he was evaluated elsewhere . An ultrasound done elsewhere the previous day was suggestive of... |
Gardner described a syndrome consisting of hereditary intestinal polyposis with osteomas and multiple cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions in 1953.1 this syndrome has since been modified by the addition of other features such as osteomas, supernumerary teeth, dental abnormalities, fibrous dysplasia of the skull, fibromas... |
Hsv infection is a well - known, chronic persistent viral infection of varying recurrence rate . It has been reported that hsv can be the cause of esophagitis, as seen in immunodeficient patients under therapeutic immunosuppression [2, 3]. Although the risk of a hsv infection appears to be correlated to a degree of dep... |
Patients with elevated levels of antiphospholipid antibodies (apl) often experience pregnancy complications comprising recurrent spontaneous abortions, intrauterine growth retardation, and preeclampsia, suggesting that these antibodies may influence embryonic implantation and induce thrombosis of the uteroplacental vas... |
Most primary head and neck cancers are mucosal lesions, and their mucosal extent can be far better evaluated by the clinician than with ct or mri . Indeed, imaging plays little role in the initial detection and characterisation of head and neck malignancies . However, these tumours do have the tendency to spread submuc... |
Ewing's sarcoma is a relatively rare malignant bone neoplasm that usually occurs in children and young adults and involves the major long bones, pelvis, and ribs . However, primary pulmonary ewing's sarcoma / primitive neuroectodermal tumor (es / pnet) is extremely rare . To the best of our knowledge, only eight cases ... |
Vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmcs) are one of the major cellular components of blood vessel wall where they exist in a differentiated contractile phenotype to maintain vascular tone . Vsmcs within adult blood vessels proliferate at an extremely low rate, display very low synthetic activity, and express a unique set o... |
It s the lone researchers who generally explore scientific frontiers, but groups of people with various areas of expertise come together to consolidate advances . As new knowledge arises, these groups solidify standards that provide the platform for the next frontiers . The battles between jonas salk and albert sabin t... |
Liver fibrosis is characterized by excessive scarring, caused by chronic inflammatory processes during liver diseases of different origin . In response to chronic liver injuries, various cell types get activated and transdifferentiate into myofibroblastic cells that then participate in synthesis and reorganization of c... |
One of the few well - understood features of intensive care unit (icu) delirium is its association with poor patient outcome . Risk factor stratification is essential to the understanding, prevention and treatment of any disorder, and is a cornerstone of scientific endeavor in clinical research . The largest study on i... |
A common feature of aged organisms is functional alteration and gradual loss of muscle mass and force . A deficit of muscle innervation due to motor - neuron loss is believed to have a major contribution to age - dependent muscle wasting, also called sarcopenia . This age - acquired deficit in muscles contributes profo... |
Acute heart failure is a condition that is characterised by impaired myocardial function, whereby the heart cannot supply sufficient o2 to the body tissues . The common causes of heart failure include hypertension, coronary artery disease (including previous myocardial infarction), atrial fibrillation, valvular heart d... |
-n - methylamino - l - alanine (bmaa) is a nonprotein amino acid . Its molecular formula is c4h10n2o2 (figure 1), its cas number is 15920 - 93 - 1, and it has a molar mass of 118.13 g / mol . Exposure to l - bmaa may cause neuronal death in the brains of humans and animals, and exposure may play a role in the pathogene... |
A 75-year - old male patient was emergently admitted to the hospital with gross hematuria, generalized abdominal pain, and oliguria of about 3 days' duration . He had undergone multimodal treatment for muscle - invasive bladder cancer (stage t2, urothelial cancer with sarcomatous differentiation) with transurethral res... |
A girl aged 6 years 10 months who had down syndrome had atlantoaxial rotatory fixation with os odontoideum . No neurologic symptoms and signs were present; however, her neck showed wryneck (the so - called cock robin position), and the range of motion was extremely limited because of severe neck pain . On plain radiogr... |
We recruited 13 patients (12 men and 1 woman) with type 2 diabetes for this study . The study was conducted at the general clinical research center of the university of texas southwestern medical center at dallas . The protocol for this study was approved by the institutional review board of the medical center, and all... |
To date, one of the most understudied etiologies of older adults' survival and longevity has been the role of their cognitive beliefs and worldviews that possibly interact with their functional and mental capacities to endure, challenge, overcome, and survive in the face of the numerous struggles and obstacles in advan... |
Being an invasive procedure, it is associated with complications that can be managed conservatively or require surgical intervention . In our case report, we discuss a patient who developed surgical emphysema following a therapeutic colonoscopy without any associated abdominal or chest symptoms and was managed conserva... |
A feature of asthma (especially severe asthma) is airway remodelling, that is, increased smooth muscle mass, fibrosis, and excessive mucus production . The epithelium plays a key role in the development of airway remodelling and inflammation as it represents the primary barrier to environmental exposures and also signa... |
While it is remarkable to consider the sheer wealth and architectural diversity of natural products that can be produced from a relatively small set of starting materials, equally striking is the number of structures within that collection that can be envisioned to arise via the union of a secondary metabolite with its... |
The first description of a surgical technique for tonsillectomy was performed by aulus cornelius celsus, a roman physician of the time of christ, who extracted the tonsils using just his fingers.1 currently, tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures in the world and the most common in otolaryngology.1... |
Kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a spindle - cell malignant low - grade vascular tumor associated with human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8). It was first published by the dermatologist moritz kaposi in the journal archiv fr dermatologie und syphilis, in 1872 . In the current literature, four main types of ks are described: (1) epidemic... |
Pregnancy - associated gastric cancer is rare, occurring in only 0.025% to 0.1% of all pregnancies.1 gastric cancer diagnosed during pregnancy can be a devastating situation for the mother and the fetus, and patients with gastric cancer diagnosed during pregnancy have a dismal prognosis.2 in many cases pregnancy - asso... |
Obstructive sleep apnea (osa) is a common sleep disorder and is characterized by repeated episodes of partial (hypopnea) or complete (apnea) obstruction of the upper airway during sleep due to pharyngeal collapse, resulting in recurrent chronic intermittent hypoxia and fragmentation of sleep.1 population - based epidem... |
Acute diabetic complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis and chronic micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications and their associated adverse outcomes are intimately related to suboptimal glycemic control in clinical practice . Each 1% reduction in the mean glycated hemoglobin (hba1c) has been shown to be associa... |
Ochrobactrum anthropi, formerly classified as achromobacter species or centers for disease control groups vd, is an aerobic, oxidase - producing, non - fermenting, gram - negative bacillus (1). O. anthropi is a ubiquitous organism, which is widely distributed in the environment and water sources including normal saline... |
Importance of candida species in nursery and intensive care units (icus) is increasingly being recognized . Candida species account for 9 - 13% of all blood isolates in neonatal intensive care units (nicus). Although c. albicans has historically been the most frequently isolated species, infections caused by the nonalb... |
These mangroves have suffered extensively with urbanization and industrialization in coastal regions, and, over the years, extensive ecosystems have disappeared, ending many of their important functions, such as being buffers against coastal erosion, retaining some pollutants, and being fishery areas . Crabs are decapo... |
The cerebellum has long been known to be a key structure in the integration of descending motor command and ascending sensory feedback which account for the fluency and coordination of movements . In cerebellar degenerative diseases such as spinal cerebral ataxia (sca), the interlinked neural network is interrupted cau... |
This report is of a bilobed testicle in a 12-year - old boy, which presented as an atypical testicular mass . It is thought to be a variant of polyorchidism, which is associated with an increased risk of malignancy and testicular torsion . Due to the extremely rare nature of bilobed testes, it is important to report ou... |
In february october 2002, as part of a broader study, we captured, banded, and marked 156 american crows (c. brachyrhynchos) in champaign and urbana, illinois (yaremych sa . Many of the study crows died in the summer; all recovered crows were tested for wnv . Dead crows were retrieved by tracking the radio signal to th... |
The incidence of diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions and is one of the great biomedical challenges of the 21st century . Diabetes is classified as a group of chronic metabolic disorders that are characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to the insufficient production of insulin and/or peripheral... |
Cystic fibrosis (cf) is a genetic disease characterized by increased viscosity of the bronchial mucus and impaired mucocilliary clearance which predisposes to microbial colonization and infections of the respiratory tract . Adult patients with cf have a high incidence of fungal colonization (42%) and invasive disease (... |
Drug hypersensitivity syndrome (dhs) refers to a severe, potentially life - threatening, drug reaction . To better individualize this drug reaction, the term, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (dress) syndrome has recently been used . The most frequently involved organ is the liver, followed by the kidn... |
Bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) libraries have been used extensively for constructing physical maps of the human genome as well as for whole - genome sequencing projects . These applications require the bac clones to be arrayed into the wells of microtiter plates for archiving single unique clones . The location ... |
Occupational science, a discipline concerned with human occupation and its situatedness in context (whiteford, townsend, & hocking, 2000) and role and function in society (clark et al ., 1991; yerxa, 1990), cannot underplay its central role in theorizing about occupation (ramugondo & kronenberg, 2015). The term occupat... |
Uterine serous carcinoma (usc) is an uncommon but aggressive form of endometrial adenocarcinoma . Its pattern of spread favors the peritoneum and upper abdomen, and thus adjuvant management is typically more aggressive than for the endometrioid subtypes, even when it presents in early stages . In the united states, sur... |
Radical cystectomy is a definitive treatment for high - grade muscle - invasive bladder cancer . However, it associates with significant serious medical (e.g., renal insufficiency, cardiovascular complications, pulmonary complications, and sepsis), surgical (e.g., uretero - intestinal anastomotic stricture and reservoi... |
Hypersensitivity syndrome is an idiosyncratic, serious drug reaction that consists of a rash, fever, involvement of multiple visceral organs, and hematological abnormalities such as eosinophilia . To better individualize drug hypersensitivity reaction and to distinguish the hypersensitivity reaction from drug - induced... |
During stage 9 of oogenesis, oskar mrna localizes to the posterior of the drosophila oocyte, where it nucleates the pole plasm, which contains the determinants that specify the germ cells and abdomen at the posterior of the embryo [13]. This localization depends on the rna - binding proteins staufen and hrp48 and on th... |
Sixty - eight percent of the us adult population is overweight or obese and thus at increased risk of developing debilitating and costly illnesses, including, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and depression . While modest weight loss improves health, the vast majority of individuals who lose weight eventually gain it ... |
As one of the most common malignant tumors derived from the gastrointestinal tract, esophagus carcinoma has a high incidence and mortality, and more than 300 000 people died from this cancer, making it the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide . Due to various factors, including environment, diet, and modern li... |
Calculating nonsynonymous (ka) and synonymous (ks) substitution rates is of great significance in reconstructing phylogeny and understanding evolutionary dynamics of protein - coding sequences across closely related and yet diverged species 1 ., 2 ., 3 .. it is known that ka and ks, or often their ratio (ka / ks), indi... |
Cancer remains a major problem worldwide with 12.7 million new cases diagnosed in 2008 . In the uk alone, 331,000 people were diagnosed with cancer in 2011 . Despite major advances in detection and treatment of cancer as well as the introduction of several cancer screening programmes, outcomes following cancer remain p... |
Glucose transport protein type 1 (glut1) delivers glucose to the brain from bloodstream and is therefore crucial for an adequate energy provision . Glut1 deficiency syndrome, inducing a chronic brain energy failure, is caused by mutations of the solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter) member 1 (slc2a1... |
A maxillary sinus lift procedure is an established method used to provide a sufficient bone volume for implant placement in patients with a severely atrophied posterior maxilla [1 - 3]. The use of autogenous bone in sinus augmentation is believed to be a superior method because of the reproducible healing mechanism of ... |
Trichoadenoma is a rare benign tumor, with multiple cystic structures closely resembling the infundibular structures of the hair follicle . It presents as a non - specific nodule over the face or buttocks, however, unusual sites such as the neck, upper arm, thigh shoulder, and shaft of the penis may also be affected . ... |
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