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variants showing a more benign motor disease course compared to risk variants. These observed clinical differences could reflect a lower pathogenicity for p.G2019S mutation, however additional genetic and environmental factors beyond mutational status might contribute to these different manifestations. LRRK gene varian...	400	251518480	16
Collectively, this suggests that gain-of-function LRRK2 variants may increase the susceptibility of dopaminergic neurons to degeneration and implicates LRRK2 in α-synuclein clearance and homeostasis in PD pathology. Although most studies focus on gain-of-function LRRK2 variants, large-scale genetic sequencing suggests ...	401	251518480	16
R1441G/C and Y1699C pathogenic variants have been shown to enhance this recruitment (175), and GTP-binding is thought to be crucial for RAB29-mediated activation of LRRK2. This then triggers downstream phosphorylation of various Rab proteins, such as RAB8A/B and RAB10 (124,178). RAB8A/B and RAB10 have been shown to be ...	402	251518480	16
in rats (187). Two inhibitors [DNL-201 and DNL-151 (NCT03710707 and NCT04056689, respectively, https:// clinicaltrials.gov)] are already in clinical trials (188, 189). However, there are several challenges facing therapies targeting LRRK2 kinase. As LRRK2 protein expression is not limited to only the brain, it is cruci...	403	251518480	16
many clear differences between GBA1and LRRK2-associated PD, highlighted in Table 2, there is increasing evidence suggesting a possible interaction between GBA1 and LRRK2 in PD (193). Clinical studies show that individuals carrying both the G2019S LRRK2 variant and a GBA1 variant exhibit symptoms that closely mimic G201...	404	251518480	16
on LRRK2 which warrants further investigation. In addition, progression and onset are very difficult to study in cell models and compound mutant carriers are extremely rare, posing further difficulties in investigating the convergence of the two pathways. Concluding remarks The discovery of the GBA1 and LRRK2 mutations...	405	251518480	16
An effect analysis of changes in the composition of the water ecological footprint in Jiangyin City, China Ecological footprint (EF) analysis is an effective tool to assess ecosystem appropriation, but weaknesses still exist. In order to estimate a city's ecosystem appropriation, we made two modifications to EF: 1) inc...	406	154504453	16
main ecological deficits were from fossil energy land, arable land, pasture and marine areas. Ecological supply is lacking within Jiangyin and relies on ecosystems outside the city to survive. Ecosystem management is indispensable to optimise the efficiency of ecosystem use and to expand the biological capacity of the ...	407	154504453	16
energy, such as input-output analysis, into the calculation (Lenzen and Murray 2001); (3) including more greenhouse gas emissions other than CO 2 into EF analysis (Lenzen and Murray 2001); and (4) injecting fisheries and biomass substitution into the calculation (Wackernagel et al. 2005). In this paper, we have modifie...	408	154504453	16
development has caused an obvious reduction in the size of natural ecosystems in the last 30 years ( The original framework of EF calculation The first step in EF calculation for a given administrative area is to estimate the per capita area of appropriated ecosystems (aa) with the provision of ith item of major produc...	409	154504453	16
EF' of a commodity as its contribution to the consumer EF. Modified EF calculation Modification of the original EF calculation is necessary to fully consider EF analysis of freshwater ecosystems. Our proposed modifications are outlined below. EF of freshwater in the calculation framework Inland waters add another 0.3 b...	410	154504453	16
for water supply to households, industries and capture fishery (abbreviated as tapwater). Agricultural water uses are not included here to avoid double counting, since they are possibly already included in cropland, grassland, forest and so on. The two kinds of freshwater area obviously differ from each other in biopro...	411	154504453	16
sustain the stability and resilience of local freshwater ecosystems (including their biodiversity). Wackernagel et al. (2005) suggested that 12% of the global surface is required for the other 30 million species on Earth, but they did not clearly specify the requirements for freshwater ecosystems maintenance and this i...	412	154504453	16
the equivalence factor than pasture. The equivalence factors for cropland, forest, pasture and built-up area in Wackernagel's calculation are derived from the suitability index of the Global Agro-Ecological Zones (GAEZ) in 2000, a spatial model of potential agricultural yields (Wackernagel et al. 2005). In this calcula...	413	154504453	16
necessary economic mechanisms to sustain its ecological service flows, leading to rapid uncontrolled shifts in natural ecosystems to built-up areas that become larger, while natural areas become smaller. Based on statistical data for Jiangyin (Statistical Bureau of Jiangyin, 1998; Jiangyin Land Chorography Compiling Co...	414	154504453	16
, 2005 and the results are shown in EF of the city from the modified calculation There was a 2.19-ha ecological deficit per capita, larger than that in the original calculation, and the ecological deficit was in fossil energy land, arable land, pasture, forest, marine areas and aquaculture areas (Table 4). Fossil energ...	415	154504453	16
to 40.00% (a deviation of +10%), and variation in the yield factor for tapwater areas decreases from 13.33% (a deviation of −10%) to −13.33% (a deviation of +10%). This showed that the variation relative to the assumption of 25% has a greater effect on the equivalence and yield factors of aquaculture areas than on tapw...	416	154504453	16
thus, for the other types of ecosystem, the equivalence factors are a little higher than those without considering freshwater. The change in the proportion between areas of aquaculture and tapwater areas led to variations in equivalence and yield factors for freshwater areas, and had a greater influence on equivalence ...	417	154504453	16
of local tapwater areas = yield of local tapwater areas (kg/ha/yr)/bioyield of global tapwater areas (kg/ha/yr); 6) Average water output for global tapwater areas (kg/ha/yr) = total water amount available to global tapwater areas (kg/yr)/total area of global tapwater areas (ha/yr), this value contains fundamental ecolo...	418	154504453	16
for freshwater areas in equivalent units 2) Per capita EF of tapwater areas International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 221 = total local freshwater consumption (kg/yr) average water output for global tapwater areas (kg/ha/yr) * equivalence factor for tapwater areas/total local population; 3) Total...	419	154504453	16
Automatic extraction of systematic polysemy using tree-cut This paper describes an automatic method for extracting systematic polysemy from a hierarchically organized semantic lexicon (WordNet). Systematic polysemy is a set of word senses that are related in systematic and predictable ways. Our method uses a modificati...	420	17983527	16
-anything providing a means of access (or escape) 4. door -a swinging or sliding barrier that will close off access into a car 5. door -a house that is entered via a door 6. door -a room that is entered via a door Because of the high degree of ambiguity, using such complex semantic lexicons brings some serious problems...	421	17983527	16
referred to as regular polysemy (Apresjan, 1973) or logical polyseray (Pustejovsky, 1995). ways (e.g. ANIMAL and MEAT meanings of the word "chicken"). 2 In particular, (Buitelaar, 1997(Buitelaar, , 1998 identified systematic relations that exist between abstract semantic concepts in the WordNet noun hierarchy, and defi...	422	17983527	16
1999). For instance, the CORELEX class AQU mentioned above also contains a word "dose" .3 Here, the relation between the senses of "dose" is different from that of "bottle", "bucket" and "spoon", which can be labeled as CONTAINER-CONTAINERFUL relation. We argue that human intuitions can distinguish meanings 2Note that ...	423	17983527	16
tree generalization technique used in (Li and Abe, 1998), and generates a tree-cut, which is a list of clusters that partition a tree. Then, we compare the systematic relations extracted by our automatic method to the WordNet cousins. Preliminary results show that our method discovered most of the WordNet cousins as we...	424	17983527	16
(Li and Abe, 1998), this generalization problem is viewed as a problem of selecting the best model for a tree-cut that estimates the true probability distribution, given a sample corpus data. Formally, a tree-cut model M is a pair consisting of a tree-cut F and a probability parameter vector O of the same length, where...	425	17983527	16
estimation accuracy of the probability distribution. The calculation of the description length for a tree-cut model is as follows. Given a thesaurus tree T and a sample S consisting of the case frame instances, the total description 0.2]). Note that P(C) is the probability of cluster C = {nl, .., nm) as a whole. It is ...	426	17983527	16
ISl Note here that, in (7), the probability of C is divided evenly among all n in C. This way, words that are not observed in the sample receive a non-zero probability, and the data sparseness problem is avoided. Then, the best model is the one which requires the minimum total description length. Figure 2 shows the MDL...	427	17983527	16
careful in adopting Li and Abe's technique directly: since the problem which their technique was applied to is fundamentally different from ours, some procedures used in their problem may not have any interpretation in our problem. Although both problems are essentially a tree generalization problem, their problem esti...	428	17983527	16
described in the last section to generate tree-cuts. But before we apply the method, we must transform the data in Wordnet. This is because WordNet differs from a theaurus tree in two ways: it is a graph rather than a tree, and internal nodes as well as leaf nodes carry data, First, we eliminate multiple inheritance by...	429	17983527	16
selected as systematic polysemy. Figure 4 shows parts of the final tree-cuts for ARTIFACT and MEASURE obtained by our method. ~ In both trees, most of the clusters in the tree-cuts are from nodes at depth 1 (counting the root as depth 0). That is because the tree-cut technique used in our method is sensitive to the str...	430	17983527	16
homonymous. Second, some clusters obtained by tree-cut are rather abstract, so that pairing two abstract clusters results in an unrelated pair. For example, in ARTIFACT-MEASURE class, a pair [INSTRUMENTALITY, LINEAR_UNIT] was selected. Words which are common in the two clusters include "yard", "foot" and "knot" (see th...	431	17983527	16
total recall ratio is over 80% (27/33~ .82). In the right three columns of Table 2, we also show the breakdown of the recovered cousins, whether each recovered one was an exact match, or it was more general or specific than the corresponding WordNet cousin. From this, we can see that more than half of the recovered cou...	432	17983527	16
yield a tree-cut at rather abstract level. For future work, we plan to compare the systematic relations extracted by our automatic method to corpus data. In particular, we like to test whether our method extracts the same groups of senses which human annotators disagreed (Ng et al., 1999). We also like to test whether ...	433	17983527	16
Development of Verified Innovation Process for Healthcare Solutions (VIPHS): A Stepwise Model for Digital Health . Many digital health projects often stop in the pilot or test phase. Realisation of new digital health services is often challenging due to lack of guidelines for the step-by-step roll-out and implementatio...	434	258786365	16
created due to the increased number of people and systems, and their relationships.Moreover, ethical issues, healthcare policies, and the ecology of health information systems adds to the complexity, and once in operation, support, service and maintenance adds to the picture. To make innovative digital health projects ...	435	258786365	16
Two separate projects allowed to develop the VIPHS model.The development process was conducted in an iterative manner, which means that the results from the second project provided input to improve the first model from the first project.The first project, PrehospIT-Stroke, aimed to create better conditions for more eff...	436	258786365	16
of technical and semantic recommendation (Connectathon [12]), 3. Simulated full-scale operational field test in an ambulance. The first phases included process mapping of the stroke chain, inventory of process support, standards and de-facto standards around semantics and interoperability, analysis, and preparation of ...	437	258786365	16
project, ViPHS, was conducted in the following four phases: 1. Analysis of process and inventory and recommendation regarding technical and semantic interoperability 2. Tests in a simulated prehospital environment 3. Initial field test in ambulance 4. Field tests in a larger scale In the first phase, the market for mob...	438	258786365	16
written.For each videoequipped ambulance, a person was appointed as responsible for staff training, that guidelines were updated and implemented, and the collection of study protocols.The pilot study lasted one year and all other ambulances in the organization served as a control group.In phase four, the study was expa...	439	258786365	16
The PrehospIT project stopped at step 3 (blueprint 3) since the goal of the project was to demonstrate the benefits for the care process deploying standards etc., enabling multi-system interoperability and improved care processes in a realistic setting.The Connectathon was the prime source for evaluating interoperabili...	440	258786365	16
ambulance clinicians and the neurologist.This helped to prepare step 3.In addition, the VIPHS model's stepwise approach made it easier to document and communicate our findings and recommendations to people outside the project group. The VIPHS model was developed in a specific clinical setting, the prehospital stroke ca...	441	258786365	16
Use of the endoscopy global Rating scale by endoscopy services in canada The Canadian Association of Gastroenterology (CAG), through its Quality Program – Endoscopy (QP-E), has been promoting and supporting the use of the Global Rating Scale (GRS) since 2007 (1,2). The CAG recently performed a review of the uptake of t...	442	74433884	16
GRS, which was developed in the UK, had some shortcomings as it related to the Canadian model of endoscopy care delivery.This led to the development of an adapted version of the tool, the so-called Canadian GRS (C-GRS) (3), which has now been used across Canada since the fall 2011.Moreover, in the fall 2011, the CAG la...	443	74433884	16
with C-GRS is presented in Figure 2, where, for each item, the percentage of units performing at an "above-D" (either C, B or A) level is shown, along with the percentage of units which, over the past four cycles, have shown some improvement in their GRS score. Results and progress achieved to date show that, for all d...	444	74433884	16
identified as those that achieved levels A and/or B for a given item on at least two consecutive cycles.There were more A/B units when looking at the C-GRS cycle data as compared to the UK-GRS data, especially for the items "providing feedback to the service" (8 A/B units), "aftercare" (4 A/B units), "booking procedure...	445	74433884	16
include electronic resources and to facilitate each unit's review of their achievements.Achieving high scores on the GRS will continue to depend on adequate electronic support in the unit, which is intrinsic to our current understanding of quality in endoscopy. Figure 1 ) Figure 1) Sites completing the GRS	446	74433884	16
Targeting the Glutamatergic System for the Treatment of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders The accumulation of excess glutamate in the extracellular space as a consequence of CNS trauma, neurodegenerative diseases, infection, or deregulation of glutamate clearance results in neuronal damage by excessive excitatory...	447	10399281	16
neuroAIDS animal models. Introduction The introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in 1996 brought a dramatic reduction in HIV RNA levels and thus morbidity and mortality rates in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals (Coiras et al. 2009). Although cART has been successful, it has not...	448	10399281	16
direct and indirect including glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, increase in apoptosis, altered calcium homeostasis, stimulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor κB (NF-kB) and stimulation of nitric oxide production. These mechanisms are likely acting in concert. Although multiple mech...	449	10399281	16
neurons. Most acute and chronic neuronal diseases, including HAND, have implicated this type of bystander pathology of excitotoxicity. HIV infection of macrophages and microglial cells causes excess glutamate release and impaired uptake Macrophages and microglia, the resident macrophages in the CNS, are key cellular co...	450	10399281	16
macrophages and microglial cells are responsible for producing and releasing the neurotoxic factors that cause neuronal death (Gendelman 2012). HIV-1 is capable of infecting CD4 + macrophages and T-cells (Chen et al. 1983;Popovic et al. 1983;Klatzmann et al. 1984a, b). Infected macrophages are thought to cross the bloo...	451	10399281	16
an NMDA receptor-dependent process (Wong et al. 1986). Treatment of macrophages and microglial cells with proinflammatory factors like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or HIV-1 Tat protein generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which seem to contribute to the accumulation of (3) HIV-1 infected perivascular macrophages in th...	452	10399281	16
and microglia, astrocytes are latently infected by HIV-1 making these cells incapable of releasing viral particles. Nonetheless, HIV-1 mRNAs (Tat, Rev and Ref) and proteins (Nef) accumulate inside astrocytes affecting their function (Sabri et al. 2003). Changes induced in astrocytes by HIV infection include activation,...	453	10399281	16
neurotransmission. The illustration shows NAAG and glutamate in the same vesicles but it is not known if they are in the same or different vesicles Moreover, excess extracellular glutamate can induce elevation of intracellular calcium levels in astrocytes which in turn increases even more the release of glutamate from ...	454	10399281	16
of this protein consists of five variable regions (V1-V5) and five constant domains (C1-C5) (Checkley et al. 2011). There is both in vitro and in vivo evidence indicating that gp120 triggers neurotoxicity (Doble 1999). Gp120 is toxic to cultured rat hippocampal neurons in vitro (Brenneman et al. 1988;Dreyer and Lipton ...	455	10399281	16
involving glutamate release from infected macrophage and microglia. Macrophages are essential in order to see the neurotoxic effect of gp120 (Lipton 1992c). Unlike neurons, macrophages express CD4 receptors that recognize gp120. In addition, stimulation of macrophages with gp120 releases arachidonic acid which impairs ...	456	10399281	16
release causes membrane depolarization, activation of metabolic pathways, ROS generation and apoptosis (Nath et al. 1996;Kaul et al. 2001). Release of Tat-mediated calcium ion seems dependent on NMDA receptor activation since NMDA receptor antagonists MK-801 and D-2-amino-5phosphonovalerate (AP-5), significantly decrea...	457	10399281	16
on other toxins like glutamate and HIV-1 gp120 causing a significant increase in their neurotoxic potency (Wang et al. 1999;Nath et al. 2000). Brief exposure of hippocampal neurons in neonatal rats to Tat and physiological levels of NMDA caused marked cell loss supporting the idea that locally released Tat could enhanc...	458	10399281	16
have been popular therapeutic targets for treatment of HAND (Fig. 2). Early work to ameliorate the effects of excess extracellular glutamate focused on NMDA receptor antagonism, in particular with the use of 1-amino-3, 5-dimethyl-adamantane (memantine) (Lipton 2004). Memantine is an uncompetitive low affinity antagonis...	459	10399281	16
et al. 1991;Lipton 1992a, b, c;Corasaniti et al. 1995). In contrast, the non-NMDA receptor antagonist, CNQX failed to show any protection (Lipton et al. 1991;Corasaniti et al. 1995). In a recent study in rat hippocampal neurons, several NMDA receptor antagonists were screened for their effectiveness to prevent Tat-indu...	460	10399281	16
2000) , although some controversy exists regarding these activities (Fricker et al. 2009). GCPII-catalyzed hydrolysis of NAAG is believed to function both to terminate NAAG mediated neurotransmission and to liberate glutamate which then acts at various glutamate receptors. Consequently, GCPII inhibitors could help lowe...	461	10399281	16
in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis could be resumed in the presence of mGlu3 receptor antagonists or in the presence of antibodies to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. The results suggest neuroprotection can be mediated through increases in NAAG and subsequent action at the mGlu3 receptors and TGF-β release. Consi...	462	10399281	16
a meaningful evaluation of the potential of glutaminase inhibition to prevent glutamate excitotoxicity in animal models of neuroAIDS awaits the identification of better drug-like glutaminase inhibitors Regulation of glutamate transporters Oxidative stress in macrophages and microglia is also thought to contribute to in...	463	10399281	16
increase of extracellular glutamate. However, the antioxidant response can become neurotoxic when it is activated during inflammation associated with neurodegeneration. When macrophages are stimulated by LPS or TNFα, they import cys2 and release cysteine into the medium resulting in a reduced milieu conducive to T cell...	464	10399281	16
work reports on the identification of pyridazine derivatives that increase the protein levels of the glutamate transporter EAAT2 in astrocytes. (Xing et al. 2011). The effect of these activators in models of neurodegenerative disease including HAND awaits investigation. Animal models to investigate effects of glutamate...	465	10399281	16
inserted into the mouse genome under the control of various promoters (Santoro et al. 1994;Thomas et al. 1994;Gorantla et al. 2012). A HIV-1 transgenic rat was also developed and cognitive deficits such as impairments in spatial learning as well as evidence of other clinical manifestations of the disease have been repo...	466	10399281	16
in hippocampal-dependent memory tasks such as the Barnes maze, Morris water maze, fear conditioning and novel object recognition (Carey et al. 2012;Fitting et al. 2012). Interestingly, Tat transgenic mice display an increase in expression of the xCT antiporter which could be the response to increased oxidative stress a...	467	10399281	16
human immune system (HIS) into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice and thus permitting HIV infection (Jaeger and Nath 2012). HIV-1 infected monocyte derived macrophages (MDM) were also injected into these SCID mice to create HIV encephalitic (HIVE) mice and many of the pathological features of HIVE as well as c...	468	10399281	16
In summary, glutamate excitotoxicity is one of several mechanisms by which HIV exerts neurotoxicity that culminates in HAND. Glutamate is released upon HIV infection of macrophage/microglial cells and has been associated with neurotoxicity mediated by gp120, Tat and other HIV proteins. Several strategies have been used...	469	10399281	16
Activation energies of water molecular dynamics and Stokes-Einstein equation An analysis of the values and signs of the activation energies of temperature dependences (TDs) of the self-diffusion coefficient (D) and dynamic viscosity ({\eta}) in the range from 0 {\deg}C to 100 {\deg}C confirmed that the molecular dynami...	470	212657817	16
is completed by the decomposition of tetrahedral hexagonal clusters (W6) into dimers and smaller clusters. As a rule, the value D is calculated from T1 values, which are determined by the spin-lattice relaxation of protons, measured by the NMR. A confirmation of the adequacy of the D values is usually the relation (2) ...	471	212657817	16
transition between two metastable phases of SMS waterlow density liquid (LDL) and high density liquid (HDL) [1]. The prevailing loose tetrahedral configuration of HBs is characteristic of LDL, and the denser configuration of disturbed HBs is predominant for HDL [1]. Table Temperature interval, parameter β and activatio...	472	212657817	16
TDs of the complex Dη by the function ( ) (Figure 1c), the Stokes-Einstein equation can be represented as:	473	212657817	16
Transition metals doped CuAlSe2 for promising intermediate band materials Introducing an isolated intermediate band (IB) into a wide band gap semiconductor can potentially improve the optical absorption of the material beyond the Shockley-Queisser limitation for solar cells. Here, we present a systematic study of the t...	474	85556891	16
solar cell (IBSC) is believed to have bright prospects. For traditional photovoltaic solar cells, electrons are directly excited from the valence band (VB) to the conduction band (CB) by absorbing photons. For IBSC, the concept is to introduce an isolated intermediate band (IB) in the main band gap of the host semicond...	475	85556891	16
CuGaS 2 and CuAlSe 2 are viewed as the most promising IB host materials because their band gaps are 2.45 eV and 2.67 eV, respectively. In the past decade, many theoretical studies, based on the first-principles calculations, have been made to design and understand the bulk CuGaS 2 IB materials. [20,21] Elements of the ...	476	85556891	16
investigate the transition metals M -doped CuAlSe 2 . The effects of doping concentrations and positions are examined. It is our aim to explore the thermodynamic stability induced by doping, understand the forming mechanism of IB, and predict the promising candidates materials for IBSC. This is significant to fabricate...	477	85556891	16
such as underestimating the band gap. One way of overcoming this deficiency is to use Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE) hybrid functional, where a part of the nonlocal Hartree-Fock (HF) type exchange is admixed with a semilocal XC functional, to give the following expression [36]: where α is the mixing coefficient and ν is...	478	85556891	16
Se-4s4p states. To examine the probability of the formation of doped compounds, we have calculated the formation energy of doped system using the following as 4 where E SC (doped) and E SC (host) is the total energy of the doped and host perfect supercells, respectively. E i is the total energy of the component element...	479	85556891	16
(CuAlSe 2 ) can be obtained from our firstprinciples calculations. At the same time, to avoid the secondary phases Cu 2 Se and Al 2 Se 3 , the chemical potentials satisfy the following relations and 2µ Al + 3µ Se < ∆H f (Al 2 Se 3 ) = −6.79 eV. By considering the above constraints Eqs. (3)(4)(5), we can draw the chemic...	480	85556891	16
the direction deviated from the origin satisfies the chemical potential constraints when substituting for Al or Se atom (plotted with dashed line). When µ M < 0 (namely under M -poor condition), the solid line will further shift toward to the origin, while the dashed lines further deviate from the origin. From the chem...	481	85556891	16
atom for Al atom, the line determined by V Al shifts toward to the left comparing with Ti Al . The grey region shown in Fig. 2(b) marks out the range of chemical potential to grow the V Al system. However, the area of grey region in Fig. 2(b) slightly reduces comparing with that in Fig. 2(a). The V Al can be stabilized...	482	85556891	16
potential of Cu must satisfy −0.85 < µ Cu ≤ 0 eV. After obtaining the stable M -doped CuAlSe 2 , we further investigate the electronic structures to evaluate the feasibility using as IB materials. View from the previous study [19], to achieve the high conversion efficiency, the subbangap formed by IB from VB or CB shou...	483	85556891	16
Ti-doped system is suitable for promising IB materials as proposed by Martí et al [19]. With the increase of doping content as shown in Fig. 3(a), the electronic states to form IB increase and result in the extending of IB, which will suppress the Shockley-Read-Hall recombination [28,39]. Seen from the DOSs of V-doped ...	484	85556891	16
states. Considering the electronic spin polarization on 3d orbitals, e 2↑ g t 3↑ 2g , namely d 5↑ , represents the five 3d electrons with the majority-spin, while e 2↓ g t 3↓ 2g (d 5↓ ) corresponding to the minority-spin situation. Substituting for Al atom in CuAlSe 2 , Ti, V, and Fe ions exhibit the valence states of ...	485	85556891	16
are pushed up to the CB. This is reason that the favorable IB can not be observed in V-doped CuAlSe 2 . In Fe doping case, all of five 3d electrons exhibit the majority spin nature, namely e 2↑ g t 3↑ 2g . The full-filled e ↑ g t ↑ 2g bands strongly hybridize with the VBs of the host below the Fermi level. The e ↓ g t ...	486	85556891	16
reduce or disappear. Combining this analysis with three typical doping elements of Ti, V, and Fe, therefore, we conclude that the IB characteristic is determined by the electronic nature of M 3+ ion. We further infer that M 3+ ion with the electronic configuration of d 1 can induce the optimum IB in wide band gap semic...	487	85556891	16
Based on the chemical potential analysis, we point out that the stable M -doped CuAlSe 2 only exists when substituting for Al atom, and present the chemical potential conditions to growth. Seen from electronic structures, the Ti substitution results in the optimum IB feature, such as half-filled, favorable subbandgaps ...	488	85556891	16
The effect of COVID-19 on poor treatment control among ambulatory Hypertensive and/or Diabetic patients in Northwest Ethiopia Background Diabetes and hypertension have emerged as important clinical and public health problems in Ethiopia. The need to have long-term sustainable healthcare services for patients with diabe...	489	248916414	16
24.81% (21.95, 27.92) prior to the COVID-19 pandemic to 30.33% (27.01, 33.88), 35.66% (32.26, 39.20), 36.69% (33.40, 40.12), and 34.18% (3102, 37.49) in the first, second, third, and fourth months following the date of the first COVID-19 case detection in Ethiopia, respectively. Marital status (AOR = 0.56, 95%CI; 0.41,...	490	248916414	16
while designing and implementing policies and strategies for chronic disease control. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on ambulatory Diabetic and/or Hypertensive patients' treatment control. Being married, as well as the frequency and types of medicines taken per day were all found to be negati...	491	248916414	16
with diabetes and hypertension require long-term sustainable healthcare services. Clinical services have been hampered by the necessity for contact precautions to stop the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic [3,4]. People with chronic medical conditions, such as diabetes and/or hypertension, are particularly prone to infec...	492	248916414	16
on the health-care system. The number of ambulatory visits has decreased by 30% in some locations compared to pre-COVID-19 period [2,5,10,11] Patients' adherence to healthy lifestyles and medications has been influenced by various measures attempted to manage the pandemic, such as lockdowns. Age, sex, non-adherence to ...	493	248916414	16
prevention and treatment strategies. According to the regional health COVID 19 command team report currently, 291,148 susceptible individuals were tested for COVID 19. Of these 11727 cases were detected, 2862 recovered, and 293 death recorded in the region. The region has 80 hospitals (6 referrals, 2 generals, and 72 p...	494	248916414	16
random sampling technique in the specified hospitals based on disease type. The total sample was proportionally allocated across illness types. Data collection methods and measurements To collect the required data on the variables of interest, primary and secondary sources were used. The baseline measurement was taken ...	495	248916414	16
were provided training to maintain the data's quality. Medical physicians and other trained health professionals who work in treatment centres were recruited. The questionnaire was translated into Amharic, the native language, and then returned to English to ensure consistency. After the questionnaire was converted to ...	496	248916414	16
for the associated factors, we used the binary logistic mixed-effect regression model. Likelihood Ratio (LR) test and Deviance (-2LLR) was used for model comparison. Accordingly, a mixed effect logistic regression model (both fixed and random effect) was the best-fitted model since it had the lowest deviance value. Bot...	497	248916414	16
characteristics A total of 836Diabetic and/ or Hypertensive patients were included in the study with a response rate of 99%. The man diagnosis was Diabetes in 410 (49%) patients. The median age of the study participants was 52 years with Inter Quartile Range (IQR) of 18 (43-61). Nearly two-third of the study participan...	498	248916414	16
the COVID-19 pandemic. Eighty-four patients (10%) missed appointment before COVID-19 but 205 (31%) of them were missed their appointment due to the pandemic. Nearly half of the patients, 117(45%), who missed their appointments ascribed the missed visit for fear of acquiring COVID-19 infection from Hospital (Table 1). (...	499	248916414	16

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