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explore the mechanisms of HCW and rutin on intestinal microflora. The results indicated that HCW and rutin could increase the diversity and richness of the intestinal flora, and regulate the specific intestinal microorganisms of the depressed mice. To sum up, the water extract of H. citrina flowers (HCW) has significan...	700	251911954	16
Current Understanding of Molecular Phase Separation in Chromosomes Biomolecular phase separation denotes the demixing of a specific set of intracellular components without membrane encapsulation. Recent studies have found that biomolecular phase separation is involved in a wide range of cellular processes. In particula...	701	238743492	16
when the energy gain for demixing is greater than the entropic loss for demixing. A good example is a typical water-oil system; water-oil mixing results in the formation of unfavorable water-oil molecular interactions, which exceeds the entropic penalty of demixing. Hence, such a system favors demixing under ambient co...	702	238743492	16
functions [21,22]. DNA, which carries the genetic information of a cell, is densely packed in the nucleus. The efficient packing of DNA from a stretched, meters-long chain into a micrometer-scale structure is accomplished by chromatin, which is a molecular complex of DNA, protein, and RNA. Chromatin can be divided into...	703	238743492	16
energy and entropy, and the molecular details determine whether phase separation occurs under the given experimental conditions (temperature, concentration, salt condition, etc.). A phase diagram is utilized to summarize the conditions of phase separation for the system of interest (Figure 2). Figure 1. Biomolecular co...	704	238743492	16
of and component Y with a volume fraction ( + = 1), the model predicts the molar mixing free energy of the system, , as: where is the gas constant and is the absolute temperature. Here, is the exchange parameter that quantifies the average difference between the homotypic and heterotypic interactions of X and Y: where ...	705	238743492	16
a different scale from panels A and B. The multimer concentration, however, is proportional to the unit molecule concentration, and the two can be interchangeably used. The Bragg-Williams model [26] describes the phase separation of two-component systems. For component X with a volume fraction of φ X and component Y wi...	706	238743492	16
further generalized to multicomponent systems [29,30]. The phase separation of multimers is coupled to another type of transition: networking transition, also known as percolation. Each multimer has multiple binding units; two multimers are (at least transiently) connected by the formation of a physical bond between th...	707	238743492	16
the system re-enters the one-phase region. If the multimer concentration, c, is between c sat and c drop , the solute multimers are either in the dilute (whose concentration is c sat ) or in the dense phase (whose concentration is c drop ). The amounts of molecules in the two phases are governed by the conservation of ...	708	238743492	16
to undergo phase separation. Multi-domain proteins possess well-defined folded domains connected by disordered linkers. Several multi-domain protein systems have been reported to exhibit phase separation behavior [36][37][38]. A more prominent group is comprised of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which lack w...	709	238743492	16
their different lengths. The stickers-and-spacers framework does not require the dichotomy. An IDP is considered as a prototypical model containing multiple types of stickers. There are 20 different canonical amino acids; considering post-translational modifications, the number of different types of IDP monomers in viv...	710	238743492	16
certain sticker pair (p, q) dominates the denominator, the apparent percolation concentration becomes: In this system, only monomer types p and q play the role of stickers, and other monomer types are considered spacers. Hence, depending on the amino acid composition of an IDP, the identity of stickers can differ betwe...	711	238743492	16
client molecules inside the condensates, as they tend to remain around the scaffolds [52]. Microphase Separation Phase separation can be used to generate and modulate the structure of a gigantic macromolecule. From the perspective of polymer physics, chromosomes can be considered large polymers, resembling beads on a s...	712	238743492	16
active, gene-rich form of chromatin is called euchromatin, and the transcriptionally inactive form is called heterochromatin (Figure 1, red and blue denoting euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively) [56][57][58][59][60][61]. Compartmentalization seems to be driven by the phase separation of some proteins, such as...	713	238743492	16
was shown to present checkerboard contact patterns [56][57][58][59][60][61], indicating that the two types of chromatins are spatially segregated and that each type of chromatin prefers to interact with the same type [57,66]. Eigenvector deconvolution analysis of the experimental data revealed two principal compartment...	714	238743492	16
model. Among hundreds of different biomolecules within a nucleolus [73], only a few proteins correspond to the formation of droplets as well as layered structures. Fibrillarin (FBL) is a protein that participates in the processing of ribosomal RNA and is enriched in DFC. Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a protein associated wit...	715	238743492	16
control of gene expression. Enhancers and promoters provide multiple binding sites for TFs, which are needed to concentrate TFs and form transcriptional condensates. In addition, transcriptional condensates present a liquid property; two different transcriptional condensates can be merged, and fluorescence recovery aft...	716	238743492	16
coronaviruses have shown that the assembly of viral capsids and genomes occurs in dynamic cytoplasmic foci formed by phase separation [91,92], suggesting that phase separation plays a role in the replication and packaging of coronaviruses. Coronaviruses contain a relatively long 30 kbp single-stranded RNA genome and ar...	717	238743492	16
monitor condensates and study the characteristics of condensates inside a cell [19,105]. Conversely, genomic analyses, such as sequencing techniques and Hi-C, have been used to study chromosome organization, where phase separation can play a role, as discussed earlier [106]. In addition, computer simulations can provid...	718	238743492	16
the DNA and how the proteins induce topological changes in DNA. Moreover, AFM imaging, which provides high-contrast images, can be used to analyze biomolecular condensates in vitro [20,114,115] (Figure 3D). This enables the clear distinction of biomolecular condensates from individual proteins, RNA, or DNA, on an AFM m...	719	238743492	16
an in-vivo environment to provide biological context. Using live-cell imaging, we can study the material states of biomolecular condensates in a living cell by directly visualizing the condensates and monitoring the kinetics of fluorescence-labeled proteins (see Section 4.4). Although early phase separation research fo...	720	238743492	16
obtained in vitro [119]. Genomic Analysis Chromosome conformational capture techniques, such as Hi-C, split-pool recognition of interactions by tag extension (SPRITE), tyramide signal amplification sequencing (TSA)seq, and Hi-C chromatin immunoprecipitation (HiChipP), are widely used [56][57][58]60,61] to explain how L...	721	238743492	16
the sphere-ness of a droplet, the circularity, defined as 4πA/P 2 , can be calculated by measuring the area of the droplet (A) and the perimeter of the droplet (P). The circularity is between 0 and 1 (perfect circle), depending on the closeness to a circle [20,24]. If two distinct droplets are fused to form a spherical...	722	238743492	16
the area (magenta regions) and the perimeter of a droplet (blue boundaries). The circularity is defined by 4πA/P 2 and it ranges from 0 (very different from a circular shape) to 1 (a circular shape). The mobility of individual molecules inside a droplet is a good indicator of liquidity. In a typical aqueous solution, l...	723	238743492	16
faster than solid-or gel-like molecules. Hence, molecules inside a liquid droplet are mobile, and the molecules are (relatively quickly) exchangeable between a droplet and the background solution. This mobility has been tested using FRAP experiments ( Figure 4C). Using confocal microscopy, fluorescent molecules inside ...	724	238743492	16
effects of different physical factors on the phase behavior of the modeled system and its consequences for the system properties, such as the chromosome structure. Inspired by the polymeric nature of chromosomes, polymer simulations have been widely utilized to model chromosome systems. However, phase separation (and e...	725	238743492	16
Hi-C maps, as the contact information can be readily extracted from the simulation trajectories. As A/B compartmentalization is a notable feature of the maps, it can be reproduced by most simulations [143][144][145], and is usually explained by microphase separation [66,146]. Even the field-theoretic approach can repro...	726	238743492	16
DNA-binding sites [20,152,153] (Figure 5A). Once a multivalent chromatin-binding protein connects two different DNA segments and forms a DNA loop, the bridged region can function as a nucleation point for further growth of condensates of the chromatin bridging proteins ( Figure 5B). The BIPS model was initially suggest...	727	238743492	16
In addition, the entropic loss (due to translational entropy of a DNA chain) is much lower when DNA-binding proteins bind to the bridged region of DNA than when they bind to a non-bridged region to form a new bridge [110,153]. Cartoon of a multivalent DNA-binding protein that has at least two DNA-binding sites. DNA-bin...	728	238743492	16
(E) Cartoons of possible protein-DNA complex topologies for a range of DNA lengths and (F) a plot showing cluster size versus DNA length [20]. With <3 kbp of DNA, a single protein binds to DNA with no cooperativity (blue line). With~3 kbp DNA, multivalent DNA-binding proteins can bridge a DNA to form a loop. For longer...	729	238743492	16
DNA can provide multiple binding sites for multivalent DNA-binding proteins. Moreover, while DNA organization is strongly coupled to DNA-protein cluster formation in BIPS, the organization of DNA can be completely independent of phase separation in SIPS ( Figure 5D). Although the molecular mechanisms differ, BIPS share...	730	238743492	16
a crossover point of l c~3 kbp, the cluster size increased rapidly with DNA length, scaling as a power law ( Figure 5F). The crossover point can be explained quantitatively by considering the free energy cost related to DNA looping by the bridging of a cohesin protein. When a single cohesin complex bridges two DNA site...	731	238743492	16
the BIPS model, a bridged loop can act as a nucleation point ( Figure 5B). The loop can attract multivalent proteins involved in SIPS ( Figure 5C), resulting in the interplay between BIPS and SIPS. It is probable that some topologically associating domains (TADs), observed via Hi-C analysis [163], might be formed by BI...	732	238743492	16
using multiple DNA-binding sites. Moreover, the in-vivo relevance of the BIPS model needs to be clearly demonstrated. Currently, a complete conceptual framework to understand the phase separation involved in chromosome organization is lacking, as the inside of a cellular nucleus is filled with many molecules, forming a...	733	238743492	16
to explain multiple phenomena in the nucleus throughout the cell cycle.	734	238743492	16
Concussion Injury In Sports : Brief Review Of The Epidemiology And Initial Management Not available.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience, Volume 15, Number 2, 2018, page: 11-17 have investigated the characteristics of CIS in relation to mild head injury and the type of sports with different bodies having different methods of ...	735	81146325	16
caused by rotational and angular forces leading to neuronal disruption leading to potassium effl ux, release of calcium and excitatory amino acids leading to paradoxical blood fl ow. 14,18This leads to neuronal injury that may persist for weeks and hence delaying the recovery of the patient.Studies have shown that mild...	736	81146325	16
number of CIS, children and adolescents, duration or Grade and severity often will prolong the recovery.Other factors like headache more than 60 hours, presence of more than three symptoms are associated with prolonged recovery. The initial examination starts with airway, breathing and circulation followed by cervical ...	737	81146325	16
CIS With the use of more and more technology in sports it is common to fi nd and record an impact or injury that can be replayed again and again to study the nature of the severity of injury.Application of such in sports has led to the better understanding od CIS which can allow to individual or organizational policy m...	738	81146325	16
be bared from further play and continuous observation should be done and the index of medical center referral or neuroimaging should be kept low.Unless the symptoms have remitted they should not be allowed to return to sports. Treatment of CIS All CIS athletes are followed with a graduated play protocol each step of wh...	739	81146325	16
be assessed thoroughly before release from medical care.Neuropsychological, neurocognitive, motor, balance and physical examination must be made to avoid missing important signs of CIS. Concussion awareness and education All the sports can lead to CIS injury and awareness and education for the athlete, coach, organizat...	740	81146325	16
to reduce CIS injuries.The coach and the supporting team must be regularly appraised regarding new developments in the management of concussion. Current and future research Although much has been studied in CIS pathology yet its exact cause remains unknown.Future studies in animal models and artifi cial dummy models co...	741	81146325	16
very limited predictive value. Concussion in sports subconcussion and in specifi c cohorts of athletes can help increase our knowledge of CIS. Summary CIS is a complex injury the pathogenesis of which is yet to be fully understood.If not recognized early, it can lead to disastrous consequences including death.The entir...	742	81146325	16
Prevention of Exercise-Associated Dysglycemia: A Case Study–Based Approach Regular physical activity is associated with many health benefits for people with type 1 diabetes, including improved quality of life, increased vigor, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and protection against cardiovascular disease and other diabete...	743	10521312	16
combat a rise in catecholamines is the main reason why post-exercise hyperglycemia occurs (17), although excursions associated with aggressive insulin reductions or excessive carbohydrate intake also likely bear some blame (18). In instances of exercise-associated hyperglycemia caused by intense exercise, insulin conce...	744	10521312	16
(15). In contrast, very little has been done to develop strategies for exercise-associated hyperglycemia, even though the mechanisms for this effect are largely established (16). The inability to naturally raise insulin levels after intense exercise to combat a rise in catecholamines is the main reason why post-exercis...	745	10521312	16
state, although the latter typically requires less carbohydrate intake because circulating insulin levels are lower. Consuming extra carbohydrates (henceforth called "extra carbs"), and therefore extra calories, may not be desirable, however; insulin dose adjustments may be preferable. Knowing how many extra carbs to c...	746	10521312	16
level (<90 mg/dL). In such situations, directional trend arrows on CGM devices are particularly helpful in identifying when to initiate carbohydrate intake. In the following case studies, we highlight some common examples of exercise-associated dysglycemia and possible strategies to help improve glycemic control. These...	747	10521312	16
g/hour of exercise in this patient while she is exercising at a moderate intensity. A study by Francescato et al. (32) showed that the amount of carbohydrate required before and during exercise to prevent hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes is correlated to plasma insulin, but not fitness, level. Therefore...	748	10521312	16
this amount of extra carbs excessive, one study of adolescents with type 1 diabetes found that it prevented hypoglycemia without promoting hyperglycemia (11). The subjects in this study were all on multiple daily injection insulin regimens using ultralente insulin as their basal insulin and lispro as their mealtime ins...	749	10521312	16
long-acting insulin into two equal doses (morning and night) and reduce the morning dose on the days she exercises. A reduction in bedtime insulin could also then be made if nocturnal hypoglycemia continued to occur after exercise. However, for MDI patients, this strategy may increase the risk of hyperglycemia througho...	750	10521312	16
to basal insulin adjustments and carbohydrate intake based on directional trend arrows from the CGM. It should be acknowledged, however, that insulin pumps and CGM have not yet been widely adopted, perhaps because of accessibility issues, costs, device complexity, and attitudes about ease of use (47). Case 2. Post-Exer...	751	10521312	16
infusion rate both during exercise and in recovery. Small bolus corrections are also more easily calculated and performed with pump therapy. In addition to consuming a bedtime snack, insulin adjustments may be required as discussed in option 2 below. Although low-glycemic index meals and bedtime snacks often help to li...	752	10521312	16
3:00 a.m. largely prevented nocturnal hypoglycemia caused by afternoon aerobic exercise. On days when this patient is active, the health care team might consider setting a new preprogrammed basal insulin pattern on his pump (i.e., a 20% basal rate reduction starting at bedtime and con-tinuing for 6 hours). Once again, ...	753	10521312	16
dose adjustments (26). Going to bed with a slightly elevated blood glucose concentration after a bedtime snack or a 20% basal rate reduction would be expected to minimize hypoglycemia risk. Cautious (conservative) correction of postexercise hyperglycemia close to bedtime is also warranted. Case 3. Endurance Exercise an...	754	10521312	16
Problem: Performing steady-state aerobic exercise before resistance exercise causes rapid hypoglycemia, leaving minimal energy for strength training. Option 1. Understanding and Responding to CGM-Derived Data The main concern for this patient is that he experiences hypoglycemia during the aerobic portion of his workout...	755	10521312	16
rest (62). During aerobic (63,64) and resistance (64) exercise, CGM has been shown to track glucose changes accurately with a reduced lag time compared to during rest, perhaps because of increased blood flowmediated equilibrium. Although CGM can help to alert patients to drops in glycemia and thus help to prevent hypog...	756	10521312	16
carbohydrates during exercise (66). Because resistance exercise may not be done every day for recovery reasons, sprinting either at the start (67) or at the end (68) of aerobic workouts may help boost glucose levels in recovery. It should be noted that for individuals who often experience pre-exercise hyperglycemia, pe...	757	10521312	16
with type 1 diabetes.	758	10521312	16
Genetic variability in the Skyros pony and its relationship with other Greek and foreign horse breeds In Greece, seven native horse breeds have been identified so far. Among these, the Skyros pony is outstanding through having a distinct phenotype. In the present study, the aim was to assess genetic diversity in this b...	759	7779023	16
according to the statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), over the past twenty years the horse population has decreased by over 60%. Recently, arrays of DNA based markers have been developed, both to undertake studies of genetic variability, and to investigate genetic relationships between populations...	760	7779023	16
is a small-sized animal, with an average adult height of 109 cm in stallions and 107 cm in mares. They are mainly bay-colored with dark and strong hooves, and very long manes and tails (Alifakiotis, 2000). As shown by Apostolidis et al. (2001), this phenotypic difference seems to be linked to the Skyros pony being gene...	761	7779023	16
information contained in registered pedigrees can also contribute towards knowledge on population structure and the evaluation of genetic variability (Valera et al., 2005). In this study, four of these native Greek horse breeds, viz., the Crete and Pinias horses, and the Skyros and Pindos ponies, were studied, with a s...	762	7779023	16
Although sample size for the Pindos pony was only 15 individuals, due the rarity of the breed, this represented about 10% of the total population. In all, 99 Skyros ponies (37 males and 62 females), coming from the three main related sub-populations, were tested for genetic variation at 16 microsatellite loci by using ...	763	7779023	16
(Ho) and Hardy-Weinberg expected heterozygosity (He; Nei, 1987), the effective number of alleles (Ae, i.e. the inverse of the probability that two randomly taken genes represent the same allele), the total number of alleles (TNA), the mean number of alleles per locus (MNA), and the deviation in He from Ho (Fis; Caballe...	764	7779023	16
and Thompson (1992) Markov-Chain algorithm, with 1,000 de-memorization steps for every 400 batches and 1,000 iterations per batch. The BOTTLENECK programme (Cornuet and Luikart, 1996) was employed for detecting any possible bottleneck when using various statistical tests, viz., the sign and standardized differences tes...	765	7779023	16
same level of genetic diversity as in the population under study (Lacy, 1989). A founder is defined as an ancestor with unknown parents (Boichard et al., 1997). f e is a measure of how the balance in founder contributions is maintained across generations. The more balanced the contributions of the founders, the higher ...	766	7779023	16
(77%) in the Skyros pony preliminary studbook were registered after 1989. The number of births has been on a global decline since 1998 (except in the years 2001 and 2004) (data not shown). Figure 1 characterizes the completeness level of the studbook. For the first parental generation, pedigree completeness was only ab...	767	7779023	16
to 10, with an MNA of 5.93. The average Ae was 3.22. No significant (HW-P < 0.01) deviation from HWE was found. In most cases, the loci were highly polymorphic, thus implying heterozygosity was moderate to high (Ho > 0.5). The average Ho over all loci in the Skyros population was 0.647. This was similar to values obtai...	768	7779023	16
The alleles observed at the 29 loci examined, as well as their frequencies, are available on request. No allele unique to any of the Greek breeds was observed. Unique or uncommon alleles have been observed on a regular, though infrequent, basis at blood group and biochemical loci (for example, see Cothran and Long, 199...	769	7779023	16
It is characterized by a very high percentage of animals with one or both parents unknown (26.33% and 35.45% as against 1.94% and 1.28% for the Andalusian studbook) (Valera et al., 2005). This situation is explained by long generation intervals, births having only recently been recorded, and mares roaming free, to retu...	770	7779023	16
for Andalusian), the lack of difference between f e (13.3) and f a (13.1) showed that, based on pedigree, no significant bottleneck had occurred. N g was low due to the high probability of gene loss in the last generation, as a result of few descendants (the number of births has been globally declining since 1997), and...	771	7779023	16
Friesian (Juras and Cothran, 2004), 0.506 for the Sorraia and 0.609 for the Exmoor (Luis et al., 2007), were all from breeds with either small population-size or recent bottlenecks. The same pattern was seen for Ho. Thus, levels of heterozygosity in the Skyros breed are most like those observed in horse breeds with sma...	772	7779023	16
Hypothesis 1, 3 and 5 were, in this case, the most plausible explanations, with preference for the first, since 12-15 generations ago falls into the time of the foundation of modern horse breeds. However, no sufficient informa-tion was available to choose or definitely exclude either one or the other of these assumptio...	773	7779023	16
variation associated with population size or degree of geographic isolation. This is most likely due to historical factors, such as how recently changes in population numbers took place or undocumented cross-breeding. Furthermore, individual genetic variation at biochemical loci does not correlate well with that at mic...	774	7779023	16
low variability of the breed (Cothran and Luis, 2005), or to the true origins of the Skyros pony, tracing back to horse types not examined in this study. 74 Genetic variability of the Skyros pony breed Conclusion This study confirmed both the distinctiveness of the Skyros pony compared to the other Greek horse breeds, ...	775	7779023	16
Mutual associations between intellectual disability and epilepsy-related psychiatry disability Abstract Epilepsy is the third-leading cause of psychiatry disability in China, and intellectual disability (ID) is also 1 major type of disabilities in China. This study estimates the prevalence of comorbidities with ID and ...	776	25883976	16
were 8 out of 1000 people, who were suffered by epilepsy. [1] A number of people with epilepsy might also be effected by other health conditions, [2,3] such as psychiatric disorders, [4][5][6][7] somatic comorbidities, [2,8,9] or intellectual disorders. [10] In China, epilepsy has been reported as the third-leading cau...	777	25883976	16
no a nationwide population-based survey on EPD with ID reported in China. In the study here, we used data from a nationwide survey on disabilities to assess the mutual associations between EPD and ID. [16] 2. Methods Data source In the present study, we used the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability, which ...	778	25883976	16
of diagnostic manuals, designated physicians performed the medical examinations, made a final diagnosis of the disability, if any, then assessed its severity and confirmed the primary cause. [16] Respondents with multiple positive answers were examined by a separate doctor for each disability. After the field investiga...	779	25883976	16
having ID. [16] All the classifications and grading standards, screening methods, diagnosing methods, and relevant scales of disabilities were pretested in pilot studies, and had good reliability and validity. Statistical analysis The present study collected information on ID diagnosed time before EPD using a binary ca...	780	25883976	16
areas, lived under average income, and were of Han nationality accounted for the majority of sample size. Mutual associations between ID and EPD Mutual associations between ID and EPD are presented in Tables 2 and 3. Under consideration of the fact that other variables were confounding variables, age was strongly assoc...	781	25883976	16
that the definition of disabilities in China is narrower than in other countries, which might lead to underestimation of the prevalence of ID with EPD disabilities in China. Moreover, the prevalence of ID with epilepsy might be due to the methods used and inherent population biases, because varied methods used might ca...	782	25883976	16
disability, or hearing disability, or physical disability, or speech disability and population without disabilities were excluded. Intellectual disability and psychiatry disability included Population aged over 65 years and population with other types of psychiatry disability excluded Intellectual disability (17001), e...	783	25883976	16
and 19 years (0.20 [95% CI: 0.15-0.24] per 1000 people), and between 30 and 39 years (0.14 [95% CI: 0.10-0.17] per 1000 people). The lowest prevalence of ID with EPD was found among population aged 50 and older, which was similar to previous result. [10] Moreover, age was also found as a significant factor for disable ...	784	25883976	16
representativeness of the sample, which covered all provincial administrative areas in mainland China. In addition, all subjects in the households selected were interviewed face to face at the time of data collection. Also, standardized quality control schemes were in place during the field interviews, the included tra...	785	25883976	16
Effects of Oleo Gum Resin of Ferula assa-foetida L. on Senescence in Human Dermal Fibroblasts Objectives Based on data from Chinese and Indian traditional herbal medicines, gum resin of Ferula assa-foetida (sometimes referred to asafetida or asafoetida) has several therapeutic applications. The authors of various studi...	786	51928810	16
death. Introduction Consumption of medicinal herbs is growing and people want to reduce the practice of using chemically synthesized drugs [1,2]. Despite this growing interest for herbal medicine, our knowledge of their possible benefits or adverse side effects is not sufficient [3]. Part of this lack of information ar...	787	51928810	16
In addition to these reported properties, some evidence exists regarding the anti-mutagenicity of FA, indicating that it protects cells from menadione-induced oxidative DNA damage; its anti-carcinogenic effects have also been demonstrated in animal models of pulmonary and colon cancers [18][19][20][21][22][23]. In expe...	788	51928810	16
the ROS-mediated apoptosis pathway, which are listed in Table 1, for further analysis. BCL2, BAD and BAX are apoptosis regulators acting on the mitochondrial membrane [33,34], and p21 is the main downstream regulator of p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and senescence in response to DNA damage [35]. CASP3 was selected be...	789	51928810	16
of cells to obtain the final treatment concentrations. A HDF cell line (NCBI Code: C646, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran), cell passage numbers 5 -8, was used for cell assessments. According to the manufacturer's data, this cell line was derived from the dermis of normal human neonatal foreskin and cryopreserved at the...	790	51928810	16
medium containing different concentrations of asafetida extract. The culture medium was changed every 3 days while fresh asafetida was added to the medium daily for 10 days. The final concentrations of asafetida were 0 (nontreated, control), 10 -8 , 5 × 10 -8 , 10 -7 , 5 × 10 -7 , and 10 -6 g/mL of gum resin of asafeti...	791	51928810	16
each group compared to the control group. Real time PCR was performed on senescent HDFs to measure the expression rates of the apoptotic markers p21, BAX, BAD, and caspase 3 (CASP3), the antiapoptotic marker BCL2, and an inflammatory marker ALOX5 (Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase). β-actin mRNA (ACTB) was used as a housekee...	792	51928810	16
blocked with 5% BSA overnight at 4°C, the membranes were incubated for 1.5 h at room temperature with rabbit primary anti-BCL-2 antibody (Abcam, ab59348, 1 ∶ 500) and mouse primary anti-GAPDH antibody (Abcam, ab8245, 1 : 1000). Following three rinses (15 min each) with PBS-Tween20 (0.05%), incubation with the peroxidas...	793	51928810	16
per total number of cells showed that the numbers of senescent cells in the groups treated at concentration of 5 × 10 -8 and 10 -7 g/mL were significantly lower than the numbers of such cells in the other groups (P < 0.05, Fig. 1). Our data also showed that asafetida was toxic at higher concentrations (10 -6 g/mL) and ...	794	51928810	16
no change at these concentrations as compared with the control group. Otherwise, for doses above 10 -7 g/ mL, asafetida prompted apoptotic function, and the expression rate of anti-apoptotic BCL2 was significantly decreased to very low levels as compared with the control group (P < 0.05); however, the expressions of th...	795	51928810	16
the expressions of p21 (anti-proliferative and senescenceinducing factor) [43], CASP3, BAX, and BAD (mediators of programmed cell death), as well as surges in the expression of BCL2 (anti-apoptotic marker) [44], revealed that asafetida had a potent anti-apoptotic effect. Furthermore, the results of cell staining for be...	796	51928810	16
asafetida in low concentrations had an anti-senescence effect on human dermal fibroblasts. This effect was due to its role on enhancing the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor BCL2. Figure2(A) Expression levels of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic mRNAs in asafetida-treated senescent cells. The expression of BCL2 was in...	797	51928810	16
Case report: a case of eruptive collagenoma occurring in esophagus and intestine Background Eruptive collagenoma is a rare disease. All of the previously reported cases were located on the skin. Here we report such a case occurring in esophagus and intestine. Case presentation Our patient is a Chinese woman. Two years ...	798	9111869	16
0.79-1.52 g/L), complement C4 level of 0.14 g/L (normal 0.16-0.38 g/L), and normal ranges for CEA (1.17 ng/ml, normal 0.00-5.00 ng/ml) and AFP (1.40 ng/ml, normal 0.00-8.10 ng/ ml). Qualitative check of Bence-Jones protein was negative in urine. The suspected clinical diagnosis was primary systemic amyloidosis, and whe...	799	9111869	16

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