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https://dev.to/ruppysuppy/redux-vs-context-api-when-to-use-them-4k3p#comparing-redux-amp-context-api | Redux vs Context API: When to use them - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Tapajyoti Bose Posted on Nov 28, 2021 • Edited on Mar 1, 2025 Redux vs Context API: When to use them # redux # react # javascript # webdev The simplest way to pass data from a parent to a child in a React Application is by passing it on to the child's props . But an issue arises when a deeply nested child requires data from a component higher up in the tree . If we pass on the data through the props , every single one of the children would be required to accept the data and pass it on to its child , leading to prop drilling , a terrible practice in the world of React. To solve the prop drilling issue, we have State Management Solutions like Context API and Redux. But which one of them is best suited for your application? Today we are going to answer this age-old question! What is the Context API? Let's check the official documentation: In a typical React application, data is passed top-down (parent to child) via props, but such usage can be cumbersome for certain types of props (e.g. locale preference, UI theme) that are required by many components within an application. Context provides a way to share values like these between components without having to explicitly pass a prop through every level of the tree. Context API is a built-in React tool that does not influence the final bundle size, and is integrated by design. To use the Context API , you have to: Create the Context const Context = createContext ( MockData ); Create a Provider for the Context const Parent = () => { return ( < Context . Provider value = { initialValue } > < Children /> < /Context.Provider > ) } Consume the data in the Context const Child = () => { const contextData = useContext ( Context ); // use the data // ... } So What is Redux? Of course, let's head over to the documentation: Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript apps. It helps you write applications that behave consistently, run in different environments (client, server, and native), and are easy to test. On top of that, it provides a great developer experience, such as live code editing combined with a time-traveling debugger. You can use Redux together with React, or with any other view library. It is tiny (2kB, including dependencies), but has a large ecosystem of addons available. Redux is an Open Source Library which provides a central store , and actions to modify the store . It can be used with any project using JavaScript or TypeScript , but since we are comparing it to Context API , so we will stick to React-based Applications . To use Redux you need to: Create a Reducer import { createSlice } from " @reduxjs/toolkit " ; export const slice = createSlice ({ name : " slice-name " , initialState : { // ... }, reducers : { func01 : ( state ) => { // ... }, } }); export const { func01 } = slice . actions ; export default slice . reducer ; Configure the Store import { configureStore } from " @reduxjs/toolkit " ; import reducer from " ./reducer " ; export default configureStore ({ reducer : { reducer : reducer } }); Make the Store available for data consumption import React from ' react ' ; import ReactDOM from ' react-dom ' ; import { Provider } from ' react-redux ' ; import App from ' ./App.jsx ' import store from ' ./store ' ; ReactDOM . render ( < Provider store = { store } > < App /> < /Provider> , document . getElementById ( " root " ) ); Use State or Dispatch Actions import { useSelector , useDispatch } from ' react-redux ' ; import { func01 } from ' ./redux/reducer ' ; const Component = () => { const reducerState = useSelector (( state ) => state . reducer ); const dispatch = useDispatch (); const doSomething = () = > dispatch ( func01 ) return ( <> { /* ... */ } < / > ); } export default Component ; That's all Phew! As you can see, Redux requires way more work to get it set up. Comparing Redux & Context API Context API Redux Built-in tool that ships with React Additional installation Required, driving up the final bundle size Requires minimal Setup Requires extensive setup to integrate it with a React Application Specifically designed for static data, that is not often refreshed or updated Works like a charm with both static and dynamic data Adding new contexts requires creation from scratch Easily extendible due to the ease of adding new data/actions after the initial setup Debugging can be hard in highly nested React Component Structure even with Dev Tool Incredibly powerful Redux Dev Tools to ease debugging UI logic and State Management Logic are in the same component Better code organization with separate UI logic and State Management Logic From the table, you must be able to comprehend where the popular opinion Redux is for large projects & Context API for small ones come from. Both are excellent tools for their own specific niche, Redux is overkill just to pass data from parent to child & Context API truly shines in this case. When you have a lot of dynamic data Redux got your back! So you no longer have to that guy who goes: Wrapping Up In this article, we went through what is Redux and Context API and their differences. We learned, Context API is a light-weight solution which is more suited for passing data from a parent to a deeply nested child and Redux is a more robust State Management solution . Happy Developing! Thanks for reading Need a Top Rated Software Development Freelancer to chop away your development woes? Contact me on Upwork Want to see what I am working on? Check out my Personal Website and GitHub Want to connect? Reach out to me on LinkedIn Follow my blogs for bi-weekly new Tidbits on Medium FAQ These are a few commonly asked questions I get. So, I hope this FAQ section solves your issues. I am a beginner, how should I learn Front-End Web Dev? Look into the following articles: Front End Buzz words Front End Development Roadmap Front End Project Ideas Transition from a Beginner to an Intermediate Frontend Developer Would you mentor me? Sorry, I am already under a lot of workload and would not have the time to mentor anyone. Top comments (38) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You are referring to a style of Redux there that is not the recommended style of writing Redux for over two years now. Modern Redux looks very differently and is about 1/4 of the code. It does not use switch..case reducers, ACTION_TYPES or createStore and is a lot easier to set up than what you are used to. I'd highly recommend going through the official Redux tutorial and maybe updating this article afterwards. Like comment: Like comment: 41 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Nov 28 '21 • Edited on Nov 28 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for pointing it out, please take a look now Its great to have one of the creators of Redux reviewing my article! Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Now the Redux portion looks okay for me - as for the comparison, I'd still say it doesn't 100% stand as the two examples just do very different things - the Context example only takes initialValue from somewhere and passes it down the tree, but you don't even have code to change that value ever in the future. So if you add code for that (and also pass down an option to change that data), you will probably already here get to a point where the Context is already more code than the Redux solution. Like comment: Like comment: 9 likes Like Thread Thread Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I'm not entirely sure whether I agree on this point. Using context with data update would only take 4 more lines: Function in Mock data useState in the Parent Update handler in initialValue Using the update handler in the Child Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide In the end, it usually ends up as quite some more code - see kentcdodds.com/blog/how-to-use-rea... for example. But just taking your examples side by side: Usage in the component is pretty much the same amount of code. In both cases you need to wrap the app in a Provider (you forgot that in the context examples above) creating a slice and creating the Provider wrapper pretty much abstract the same logic - but in a slice, you can use mutating logic, so as soon as you get to more complex data manipulation, the slice will be significantly shorter That in the end leaves the configureStore call - and that are three lines. You will probably save more code by using createSlice vs manually writing a Provider. Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Thread Thread Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Nov 29 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide But I had added the Provider in the Context example 😐 You are talking about using useReducer hook with the Context API . I am suggesting that if one is required to modify the data, one should definitely opt for Redux . In case only sharing the data with the Child Components is required, Context would be a better solution Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Thread Thread Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 29 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yeah, but you are not using the Parent anywhere, which is kinda equivalent to using the Provider in Redux, kinda making it look like one step less for Context ;) As for the "not using useReducer " - seems like I read over that - in that case I 100% agree. :) Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Thread Thread Dan Dan Dan Follow Been coding on and off as a hobby for 5 years now and commercially - as a freelancer, on and off - for 1 year. Joined Oct 6, 2023 • Oct 6 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide "I am suggesting that if one is required to modify the data, one should definitely opt for Redux." - can you elaborate? What specific advantages Redux has over using reducers with useReducer in React? Thanks! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Oct 6 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide @gottfried-dev The problem is not useReducer , which is great for component-local state, but Context, which has no means of subscribing to parts of an object, so as soon as you have any complicated value in your context (which you probably have if you need useReducer), any change to any sub-property will rerender every consumer, if it is interested in the change or not. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mangor1no Mangor1no Mangor1no Follow I need a sleep. https://www.russdev.net Location Hanoi, VN Education FPT University Work Front end Engineer at JUST.engineer Joined Nov 27, 2020 • Nov 29 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I myself really don't like using redux toolkit. Feel like I have more control when using the old way Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 29 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Which part of it exactly is taking control away? Oh, btw.: if it is only one of those "I need the control only 10% of the time" cases - you can always mix both styles. RTK is just Redux, there is absolutely no magic going on that would prevent a mix of RTK reducers and hand-written reducers. Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Philipp Renoth Philipp Renoth Philipp Renoth Follow 🦀 Rust, ⬢ node.js and 🌋 Vulkan Email renoth@aitch.de Location Germany Work Software Engineer at ConSol Consulting & Solutions Software GmbH Joined May 5, 2021 • Nov 30 '21 • Edited on Nov 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Referring to your example, I can write a blog post, too: Context API vs. ES6 import Context API is too complicated. I can simply import MockData from './mockData' and use it in any component. Context API has 10 lines, import only 1 line. Then you can write another blog post Redux vs. ES6 import . There are maybe projects which need to mutate data want smart component updates want time-travel for debugging want a solid plugin concept for global state management And then there are devs reading blogs about using redux is too complicated and end up introducing their own concepts and ideas around the Context API without knowing one thing about immutable data optimizations and so on. You can use a react context to solve problems that are also being solved by redux, but some features and optimizations are not that easy for homegrown solutions. I mean try it out - it's a great exercise to understand why you should maybe use redux in your production code or stick to a simpler solution that has less features at all. I'm not saying, that you should use redux in every project, but redux is not just some stupid boilerplate around the Context API => if you need global state utils check out the libs built for it. There are also others than redux. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand roggc roggc roggc Follow React and React Native developer Email roggc9@gmail.com Location Barcelona Joined Oct 26, 2019 • Jun 8 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hello, I have developed a library, react-context-slices which allows to manage state through Context easily and quickly. It has 0 boilerplate. You can define slices of Context and fetch them with a unique hook, useSlice , which acts either as a useState or useReducer hook, depending on if you defined a reducer or not for the slice of Context you are fetching. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Follow Software Developer | Content Creator | AI, Tech, Programming Location London, UK Education Bachelor Degree Computer Science Work Software Developer Joined Feb 11, 2020 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Redux used to be my first choice for large applications but these days I much prefer to use the Context API. Still good to know Redux though just in case and many projects and companies still require you to know it. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nishant Tilve Nishant Tilve Nishant Tilve Follow An aspiring Web Developer, an amateur Game Developer, and an AI/ML enthusiast. Involved in the pursuit of finding my niche. Email nishanttilve@gmail.com Location Goa, India Work Student Joined May 20, 2020 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Also, if you need to maintain some sort of complex state for any mid-level project, you can still create your own reducer using React's Context API itself, before reaching out for redux and adding external dependencies to your project initially. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Kayeeec Kayeeec Kayeeec Follow Education Masters degree in Informatics Joined Feb 9, 2022 • Mar 30 '22 • Edited on Mar 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide But you might take a performance hit. Redux seems to be better performance-wise when you intend to update the shared data a lot - see stackoverflow.com/a/66972857/7677851 . If used correctly that is. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand adam-biggs adam-biggs adam-biggs Follow Location Toronto, Ontario Education University of Waterloo Work Full Stack Developer + Talent Acquisition Specialist Joined Oct 21, 2022 • Oct 27 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide One of the best and most overlooked alternatives to Redux is to use React's own built-in Context API. Context API provides a different approach to tackling the data flow problem between React’s deeply nested components. Context has been around with React for quite a while, but it has changed significantly since its inception. Up to version 16.3, it was a way to handle the state data outside the React component tree. It was an experimental feature not recommended for most use cases. Initially, the problem with legacy context was that updates to values that were passed down with context could be “blocked” if a component skipped rendering through the shouldComponentUpdate lifecycle method. Since many components relied on shouldComponentUpdate for performance optimizations, the legacy context was useless for passing down plain data. The new version of Context API is a dependency injection mechanism that allows passing data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually at every level. The most important thing here is that, unlike Redux, Context API is not a state management system. Instead, it’s a dependency injection mechanism where you manage a state in a React component. We get a state management system when using it with useContext and useReducer hooks. A great next step to learning more is to read this article by Andy Fernandez: scalablepath.com/react/context-api... Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mohammad Jawad (Kasir) Barati Mohammad Jawad (Kasir) Barati Mohammad Jawad (Kasir) Barati Follow Love to work with cutting edge technologies and on my journey to learn and teach. Having a can-do attitude and being industrious are the reasons why I question the status quo an venture in the unknown Email node.js.developers.kh@gmail.com Location Bremen, Germany Education Bachelor Pronouns He/Him/His Work Fullstack Engineer Joined Mar 13, 2021 • May 29 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Can you give me some explanation to what you meant when you wrote Context is DI. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lohit Peesapati Lohit Peesapati Lohit Peesapati Follow A polymath developer curious about solving problems, and building products that bring comfort and convenience to users. Location Hyderabad Work Full Stack Product Developer at Rudra labs Joined Mar 4, 2019 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I found Redux to be easier to setup and work with than Context API. I migrated a library I was building in Redux to context API and reused most of the reducer logic, but the amount of optimization and debugging I had to do to make the same functionality work was a nightmare in Context. It made me appreciate Redux more and I switched back to save time. It was a good learning to know the specific use case and limitations of context. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I too am a huge fan of redux for most projects! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Salah Eddine Lalami Salah Eddine Lalami Salah Eddine Lalami Follow Hi I'm Salah Eddine Lalami , Senior Software Developer @ IDURARAPP.COM Location Remote Work Senior Software Developer at IDURAR Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Sep 2 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide @ IDURAR , we use react context api for all UI parts , and we keep our data layer inside redux . Here Article about : 🚀 Mastering Advanced Complex React useContext with useReducer ⭐ (Redux like Style) ⭐ : dev.to/idurar/mastering-advanced-c... Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Shakil Ahmed Shakil Ahmed Shakil Ahmed Follow MERN Stack High-Performance Applications at Your Service! React | Node | Express | MongoDB Location Savar, Dhaka Joined Jan 22, 2021 • Dec 4 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Exciting topic! 🚀 I love exploring the nuances of state management in React, and finding the sweet spot between Redux and Context API for optimal performance and simplicity. What factors do you prioritize when making the choice? 🤔 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Upride Network Upride Network Upride Network Follow Building Next-Gen Mobility Tech! Location Bengaluru, India Joined May 21, 2023 • Jan 30 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, We have build out site in react: upride.in , which tech stack should be better in 2024 as we want to do a complete revamp for faster loading. if anyone can help for our site that how we can make progress. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (38 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 More from Tapajyoti Bose 9 tricks that separate a pro Typescript developer from an noob 😎 # programming # javascript # typescript # beginners 7 skill you must know to call yourself HTML master in 2025 🚀 # webdev # programming # html # beginners 11 Interview Questions You Should Know as a React Native Developer in 2025 📈🚀 # react # reactnative # javascript # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://reactjs.org/blog/2019/02/06/react-v16.8.0.html#thanks | React v16.8: The One With Hooks – React Blog We want to hear from you! Take our 2021 Community Survey! This site is no longer updated. Go to react.dev React Docs Tutorial Blog Community v 18.2.0 Languages GitHub React v16.8: The One With Hooks February 06, 2019 by Dan Abramov This blog site has been archived. Go to react.dev/blog to see the recent posts. With React 16.8, React Hooks are available in a stable release! What Are Hooks? Hooks let you use state and other React features without writing a class. You can also build your own Hooks to share reusable stateful logic between components. If you’ve never heard of Hooks before, you might find these resources interesting: Introducing Hooks explains why we’re adding Hooks to React. Hooks at a Glance is a fast-paced overview of the built-in Hooks. Building Your Own Hooks demonstrates code reuse with custom Hooks. Making Sense of React Hooks explores the new possibilities unlocked by Hooks. useHooks.com showcases community-maintained Hooks recipes and demos. You don’t have to learn Hooks right now. Hooks have no breaking changes, and we have no plans to remove classes from React. The Hooks FAQ describes the gradual adoption strategy. No Big Rewrites We don’t recommend rewriting your existing applications to use Hooks overnight. Instead, try using Hooks in some of the new components, and let us know what you think. Code using Hooks will work side by side with existing code using classes. Can I Use Hooks Today? Yes! Starting with 16.8.0, React includes a stable implementation of React Hooks for: React DOM React DOM Server React Test Renderer React Shallow Renderer Note that to enable Hooks, all React packages need to be 16.8.0 or higher . Hooks won’t work if you forget to update, for example, React DOM. React Native will support Hooks in the 0.59 release . Tooling Support React Hooks are now supported by React DevTools. They are also supported in the latest Flow and TypeScript definitions for React. We strongly recommend enabling a new lint rule called eslint-plugin-react-hooks to enforce best practices with Hooks. It will soon be included into Create React App by default. What’s Next We described our plan for the next months in the recently published React Roadmap . Note that React Hooks don’t cover all use cases for classes yet but they’re very close . Currently, only getSnapshotBeforeUpdate() and componentDidCatch() methods don’t have equivalent Hooks APIs, and these lifecycles are relatively uncommon. If you want, you should be able to use Hooks in most of the new code you’re writing. Even while Hooks were in alpha, the React community created many interesting examples and recipes using Hooks for animations, forms, subscriptions, integrating with other libraries, and so on. We’re excited about Hooks because they make code reuse easier, helping you write your components in a simpler way and make great user experiences. We can’t wait to see what you’ll create next! Testing Hooks We have added a new API called ReactTestUtils.act() in this release. It ensures that the behavior in your tests matches what happens in the browser more closely. We recommend to wrap any code rendering and triggering updates to your components into act() calls. Testing libraries can also wrap their APIs with it (for example, react-testing-library ’s render and fireEvent utilities do this). For example, the counter example from this page can be tested like this: import React from 'react' ; import ReactDOM from 'react-dom' ; import { act } from 'react-dom/test-utils' ; import Counter from './Counter' ; let container ; beforeEach ( ( ) => { container = document . createElement ( 'div' ) ; document . body . appendChild ( container ) ; } ) ; afterEach ( ( ) => { document . body . removeChild ( container ) ; container = null ; } ) ; it ( 'can render and update a counter' , ( ) => { // Test first render and effect act ( ( ) => { ReactDOM . render ( < Counter /> , container ) ; } ) ; const button = container . querySelector ( 'button' ) ; const label = container . querySelector ( 'p' ) ; expect ( label . textContent ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 0 times' ) ; expect ( document . title ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 0 times' ) ; // Test second render and effect act ( ( ) => { button . dispatchEvent ( new MouseEvent ( 'click' , { bubbles : true } ) ) ; } ) ; expect ( label . textContent ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 1 times' ) ; expect ( document . title ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 1 times' ) ; } ) ; The calls to act() will also flush the effects inside of them. If you need to test a custom Hook, you can do so by creating a component in your test, and using your Hook from it. Then you can test the component you wrote. To reduce the boilerplate, we recommend using react-testing-library which is designed to encourage writing tests that use your components as the end users do. Thanks We’d like to thank everybody who commented on the Hooks RFC for sharing their feedback. We’ve read all of your comments and made some adjustments to the final API based on them. Installation React React v16.8.0 is available on the npm registry. To install React 16 with Yarn, run: yarn add react@^16.8.0 react-dom@^16.8.0 To install React 16 with npm, run: npm install --save react@^16.8.0 react-dom@^16.8.0 We also provide UMD builds of React via a CDN: < script crossorigin src = " https://unpkg.com/react@16/umd/react.production.min.js " > </ script > < script crossorigin src = " https://unpkg.com/react-dom@16/umd/react-dom.production.min.js " > </ script > Refer to the documentation for detailed installation instructions . ESLint Plugin for React Hooks Note As mentioned above, we strongly recommend using the eslint-plugin-react-hooks lint rule. If you’re using Create React App, instead of manually configuring ESLint you can wait for the next version of react-scripts which will come out shortly and will include this rule. Assuming you already have ESLint installed, run: # npm npm install eslint-plugin-react-hooks --save-dev # yarn yarn add eslint-plugin-react-hooks --dev Then add it to your ESLint configuration: { "plugins" : [ // ... "react-hooks" ] , "rules" : { // ... "react-hooks/rules-of-hooks" : "error" } } Changelog React Add Hooks — a way to use state and other React features without writing a class. ( @acdlite et al. in #13968 ) Improve the useReducer Hook lazy initialization API. ( @acdlite in #14723 ) React DOM Bail out of rendering on identical values for useState and useReducer Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14569 ) Don’t compare the first argument passed to useEffect / useMemo / useCallback Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14594 ) Use Object.is algorithm for comparing useState and useReducer values. ( @Jessidhia in #14752 ) Support synchronous thenables passed to React.lazy() . ( @gaearon in #14626 ) Render components with Hooks twice in Strict Mode (DEV-only) to match class behavior. ( @gaearon in #14654 ) Warn about mismatching Hook order in development. ( @threepointone in #14585 and @acdlite in #14591 ) Effect clean-up functions must return either undefined or a function. All other values, including null , are not allowed. @acdlite in #14119 React Test Renderer Support Hooks in the shallow renderer. ( @trueadm in #14567 ) Fix wrong state in shouldComponentUpdate in the presence of getDerivedStateFromProps for Shallow Renderer. ( @chenesan in #14613 ) Add ReactTestRenderer.act() and ReactTestUtils.act() for batching updates so that tests more closely match real behavior. ( @threepointone in #14744 ) ESLint Plugin: React Hooks Initial release . ( @calebmer in #13968 ) Fix reporting after encountering a loop. ( @calebmer and @Yurickh in #14661 ) Don’t consider throwing to be a rule violation. ( @sophiebits in #14040 ) Hooks Changelog Since Alpha Versions The above changelog contains all notable changes since our last stable release (16.7.0). As with all our minor releases , none of the changes break backwards compatibility. If you’re currently using Hooks from an alpha build of React, note that this release does contain some small breaking changes to Hooks. We don’t recommend depending on alphas in production code. We publish them so we can make changes in response to community feedback before the API is stable. Here are all breaking changes to Hooks that have been made since the first alpha release: Remove useMutationEffect . ( @sophiebits in #14336 ) Rename useImperativeMethods to useImperativeHandle . ( @threepointone in #14565 ) Bail out of rendering on identical values for useState and useReducer Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14569 ) Don’t compare the first argument passed to useEffect / useMemo / useCallback Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14594 ) Use Object.is algorithm for comparing useState and useReducer values. ( @Jessidhia in #14752 ) Render components with Hooks twice in Strict Mode (DEV-only). 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Sloan the DEV Moderator I help moderate content and welcome new users to this platform. I also ask questions on behalf of members looking for advice from the community. Joined Joined on Aug 25, 2017 Email address sloan@dev.to Personal website https://dev.to/t/anonymous github website twitter website Work The Practical Sloth 5,000 Thumbs Up Milestone Awarded for giving 5,000 thumbs ups (👍) to a variety of posts across DEV. This is a mod-exclusive badge. Got it Close 1,000 Thumbs Up Milestone Awarded for giving 1,000 thumbs ups (👍) to a variety of posts across DEV. This is a mod-exclusive badge. Got it Close Eight Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least eight years. 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https://dev.to/ruppysuppy/redux-vs-context-api-when-to-use-them-4k3p#what-is-the-context-api | Redux vs Context API: When to use them - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Tapajyoti Bose Posted on Nov 28, 2021 • Edited on Mar 1, 2025 Redux vs Context API: When to use them # redux # react # javascript # webdev The simplest way to pass data from a parent to a child in a React Application is by passing it on to the child's props . But an issue arises when a deeply nested child requires data from a component higher up in the tree . If we pass on the data through the props , every single one of the children would be required to accept the data and pass it on to its child , leading to prop drilling , a terrible practice in the world of React. To solve the prop drilling issue, we have State Management Solutions like Context API and Redux. But which one of them is best suited for your application? Today we are going to answer this age-old question! What is the Context API? Let's check the official documentation: In a typical React application, data is passed top-down (parent to child) via props, but such usage can be cumbersome for certain types of props (e.g. locale preference, UI theme) that are required by many components within an application. Context provides a way to share values like these between components without having to explicitly pass a prop through every level of the tree. Context API is a built-in React tool that does not influence the final bundle size, and is integrated by design. To use the Context API , you have to: Create the Context const Context = createContext ( MockData ); Create a Provider for the Context const Parent = () => { return ( < Context . Provider value = { initialValue } > < Children /> < /Context.Provider > ) } Consume the data in the Context const Child = () => { const contextData = useContext ( Context ); // use the data // ... } So What is Redux? Of course, let's head over to the documentation: Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript apps. It helps you write applications that behave consistently, run in different environments (client, server, and native), and are easy to test. On top of that, it provides a great developer experience, such as live code editing combined with a time-traveling debugger. You can use Redux together with React, or with any other view library. It is tiny (2kB, including dependencies), but has a large ecosystem of addons available. Redux is an Open Source Library which provides a central store , and actions to modify the store . It can be used with any project using JavaScript or TypeScript , but since we are comparing it to Context API , so we will stick to React-based Applications . To use Redux you need to: Create a Reducer import { createSlice } from " @reduxjs/toolkit " ; export const slice = createSlice ({ name : " slice-name " , initialState : { // ... }, reducers : { func01 : ( state ) => { // ... }, } }); export const { func01 } = slice . actions ; export default slice . reducer ; Configure the Store import { configureStore } from " @reduxjs/toolkit " ; import reducer from " ./reducer " ; export default configureStore ({ reducer : { reducer : reducer } }); Make the Store available for data consumption import React from ' react ' ; import ReactDOM from ' react-dom ' ; import { Provider } from ' react-redux ' ; import App from ' ./App.jsx ' import store from ' ./store ' ; ReactDOM . render ( < Provider store = { store } > < App /> < /Provider> , document . getElementById ( " root " ) ); Use State or Dispatch Actions import { useSelector , useDispatch } from ' react-redux ' ; import { func01 } from ' ./redux/reducer ' ; const Component = () => { const reducerState = useSelector (( state ) => state . reducer ); const dispatch = useDispatch (); const doSomething = () = > dispatch ( func01 ) return ( <> { /* ... */ } < / > ); } export default Component ; That's all Phew! As you can see, Redux requires way more work to get it set up. Comparing Redux & Context API Context API Redux Built-in tool that ships with React Additional installation Required, driving up the final bundle size Requires minimal Setup Requires extensive setup to integrate it with a React Application Specifically designed for static data, that is not often refreshed or updated Works like a charm with both static and dynamic data Adding new contexts requires creation from scratch Easily extendible due to the ease of adding new data/actions after the initial setup Debugging can be hard in highly nested React Component Structure even with Dev Tool Incredibly powerful Redux Dev Tools to ease debugging UI logic and State Management Logic are in the same component Better code organization with separate UI logic and State Management Logic From the table, you must be able to comprehend where the popular opinion Redux is for large projects & Context API for small ones come from. Both are excellent tools for their own specific niche, Redux is overkill just to pass data from parent to child & Context API truly shines in this case. When you have a lot of dynamic data Redux got your back! So you no longer have to that guy who goes: Wrapping Up In this article, we went through what is Redux and Context API and their differences. We learned, Context API is a light-weight solution which is more suited for passing data from a parent to a deeply nested child and Redux is a more robust State Management solution . Happy Developing! Thanks for reading Need a Top Rated Software Development Freelancer to chop away your development woes? Contact me on Upwork Want to see what I am working on? Check out my Personal Website and GitHub Want to connect? Reach out to me on LinkedIn Follow my blogs for bi-weekly new Tidbits on Medium FAQ These are a few commonly asked questions I get. So, I hope this FAQ section solves your issues. I am a beginner, how should I learn Front-End Web Dev? Look into the following articles: Front End Buzz words Front End Development Roadmap Front End Project Ideas Transition from a Beginner to an Intermediate Frontend Developer Would you mentor me? Sorry, I am already under a lot of workload and would not have the time to mentor anyone. Top comments (38) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You are referring to a style of Redux there that is not the recommended style of writing Redux for over two years now. Modern Redux looks very differently and is about 1/4 of the code. It does not use switch..case reducers, ACTION_TYPES or createStore and is a lot easier to set up than what you are used to. I'd highly recommend going through the official Redux tutorial and maybe updating this article afterwards. Like comment: Like comment: 41 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Nov 28 '21 • Edited on Nov 28 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for pointing it out, please take a look now Its great to have one of the creators of Redux reviewing my article! Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Now the Redux portion looks okay for me - as for the comparison, I'd still say it doesn't 100% stand as the two examples just do very different things - the Context example only takes initialValue from somewhere and passes it down the tree, but you don't even have code to change that value ever in the future. So if you add code for that (and also pass down an option to change that data), you will probably already here get to a point where the Context is already more code than the Redux solution. Like comment: Like comment: 9 likes Like Thread Thread Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I'm not entirely sure whether I agree on this point. Using context with data update would only take 4 more lines: Function in Mock data useState in the Parent Update handler in initialValue Using the update handler in the Child Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide In the end, it usually ends up as quite some more code - see kentcdodds.com/blog/how-to-use-rea... for example. But just taking your examples side by side: Usage in the component is pretty much the same amount of code. In both cases you need to wrap the app in a Provider (you forgot that in the context examples above) creating a slice and creating the Provider wrapper pretty much abstract the same logic - but in a slice, you can use mutating logic, so as soon as you get to more complex data manipulation, the slice will be significantly shorter That in the end leaves the configureStore call - and that are three lines. You will probably save more code by using createSlice vs manually writing a Provider. Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Thread Thread Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Nov 29 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide But I had added the Provider in the Context example 😐 You are talking about using useReducer hook with the Context API . I am suggesting that if one is required to modify the data, one should definitely opt for Redux . In case only sharing the data with the Child Components is required, Context would be a better solution Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Thread Thread Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 29 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yeah, but you are not using the Parent anywhere, which is kinda equivalent to using the Provider in Redux, kinda making it look like one step less for Context ;) As for the "not using useReducer " - seems like I read over that - in that case I 100% agree. :) Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Thread Thread Dan Dan Dan Follow Been coding on and off as a hobby for 5 years now and commercially - as a freelancer, on and off - for 1 year. Joined Oct 6, 2023 • Oct 6 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide "I am suggesting that if one is required to modify the data, one should definitely opt for Redux." - can you elaborate? What specific advantages Redux has over using reducers with useReducer in React? Thanks! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Oct 6 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide @gottfried-dev The problem is not useReducer , which is great for component-local state, but Context, which has no means of subscribing to parts of an object, so as soon as you have any complicated value in your context (which you probably have if you need useReducer), any change to any sub-property will rerender every consumer, if it is interested in the change or not. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mangor1no Mangor1no Mangor1no Follow I need a sleep. https://www.russdev.net Location Hanoi, VN Education FPT University Work Front end Engineer at JUST.engineer Joined Nov 27, 2020 • Nov 29 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I myself really don't like using redux toolkit. Feel like I have more control when using the old way Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 29 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Which part of it exactly is taking control away? Oh, btw.: if it is only one of those "I need the control only 10% of the time" cases - you can always mix both styles. RTK is just Redux, there is absolutely no magic going on that would prevent a mix of RTK reducers and hand-written reducers. Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Philipp Renoth Philipp Renoth Philipp Renoth Follow 🦀 Rust, ⬢ node.js and 🌋 Vulkan Email renoth@aitch.de Location Germany Work Software Engineer at ConSol Consulting & Solutions Software GmbH Joined May 5, 2021 • Nov 30 '21 • Edited on Nov 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Referring to your example, I can write a blog post, too: Context API vs. ES6 import Context API is too complicated. I can simply import MockData from './mockData' and use it in any component. Context API has 10 lines, import only 1 line. Then you can write another blog post Redux vs. ES6 import . There are maybe projects which need to mutate data want smart component updates want time-travel for debugging want a solid plugin concept for global state management And then there are devs reading blogs about using redux is too complicated and end up introducing their own concepts and ideas around the Context API without knowing one thing about immutable data optimizations and so on. You can use a react context to solve problems that are also being solved by redux, but some features and optimizations are not that easy for homegrown solutions. I mean try it out - it's a great exercise to understand why you should maybe use redux in your production code or stick to a simpler solution that has less features at all. I'm not saying, that you should use redux in every project, but redux is not just some stupid boilerplate around the Context API => if you need global state utils check out the libs built for it. There are also others than redux. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand roggc roggc roggc Follow React and React Native developer Email roggc9@gmail.com Location Barcelona Joined Oct 26, 2019 • Jun 8 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hello, I have developed a library, react-context-slices which allows to manage state through Context easily and quickly. It has 0 boilerplate. You can define slices of Context and fetch them with a unique hook, useSlice , which acts either as a useState or useReducer hook, depending on if you defined a reducer or not for the slice of Context you are fetching. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Follow Software Developer | Content Creator | AI, Tech, Programming Location London, UK Education Bachelor Degree Computer Science Work Software Developer Joined Feb 11, 2020 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Redux used to be my first choice for large applications but these days I much prefer to use the Context API. Still good to know Redux though just in case and many projects and companies still require you to know it. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nishant Tilve Nishant Tilve Nishant Tilve Follow An aspiring Web Developer, an amateur Game Developer, and an AI/ML enthusiast. Involved in the pursuit of finding my niche. Email nishanttilve@gmail.com Location Goa, India Work Student Joined May 20, 2020 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Also, if you need to maintain some sort of complex state for any mid-level project, you can still create your own reducer using React's Context API itself, before reaching out for redux and adding external dependencies to your project initially. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Kayeeec Kayeeec Kayeeec Follow Education Masters degree in Informatics Joined Feb 9, 2022 • Mar 30 '22 • Edited on Mar 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide But you might take a performance hit. Redux seems to be better performance-wise when you intend to update the shared data a lot - see stackoverflow.com/a/66972857/7677851 . If used correctly that is. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand adam-biggs adam-biggs adam-biggs Follow Location Toronto, Ontario Education University of Waterloo Work Full Stack Developer + Talent Acquisition Specialist Joined Oct 21, 2022 • Oct 27 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide One of the best and most overlooked alternatives to Redux is to use React's own built-in Context API. Context API provides a different approach to tackling the data flow problem between React’s deeply nested components. Context has been around with React for quite a while, but it has changed significantly since its inception. Up to version 16.3, it was a way to handle the state data outside the React component tree. It was an experimental feature not recommended for most use cases. Initially, the problem with legacy context was that updates to values that were passed down with context could be “blocked” if a component skipped rendering through the shouldComponentUpdate lifecycle method. Since many components relied on shouldComponentUpdate for performance optimizations, the legacy context was useless for passing down plain data. The new version of Context API is a dependency injection mechanism that allows passing data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually at every level. The most important thing here is that, unlike Redux, Context API is not a state management system. Instead, it’s a dependency injection mechanism where you manage a state in a React component. We get a state management system when using it with useContext and useReducer hooks. A great next step to learning more is to read this article by Andy Fernandez: scalablepath.com/react/context-api... Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mohammad Jawad (Kasir) Barati Mohammad Jawad (Kasir) Barati Mohammad Jawad (Kasir) Barati Follow Love to work with cutting edge technologies and on my journey to learn and teach. Having a can-do attitude and being industrious are the reasons why I question the status quo an venture in the unknown Email node.js.developers.kh@gmail.com Location Bremen, Germany Education Bachelor Pronouns He/Him/His Work Fullstack Engineer Joined Mar 13, 2021 • May 29 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Can you give me some explanation to what you meant when you wrote Context is DI. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lohit Peesapati Lohit Peesapati Lohit Peesapati Follow A polymath developer curious about solving problems, and building products that bring comfort and convenience to users. Location Hyderabad Work Full Stack Product Developer at Rudra labs Joined Mar 4, 2019 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I found Redux to be easier to setup and work with than Context API. I migrated a library I was building in Redux to context API and reused most of the reducer logic, but the amount of optimization and debugging I had to do to make the same functionality work was a nightmare in Context. It made me appreciate Redux more and I switched back to save time. It was a good learning to know the specific use case and limitations of context. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I too am a huge fan of redux for most projects! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Salah Eddine Lalami Salah Eddine Lalami Salah Eddine Lalami Follow Hi I'm Salah Eddine Lalami , Senior Software Developer @ IDURARAPP.COM Location Remote Work Senior Software Developer at IDURAR Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Sep 2 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide @ IDURAR , we use react context api for all UI parts , and we keep our data layer inside redux . Here Article about : 🚀 Mastering Advanced Complex React useContext with useReducer ⭐ (Redux like Style) ⭐ : dev.to/idurar/mastering-advanced-c... Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Shakil Ahmed Shakil Ahmed Shakil Ahmed Follow MERN Stack High-Performance Applications at Your Service! React | Node | Express | MongoDB Location Savar, Dhaka Joined Jan 22, 2021 • Dec 4 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Exciting topic! 🚀 I love exploring the nuances of state management in React, and finding the sweet spot between Redux and Context API for optimal performance and simplicity. What factors do you prioritize when making the choice? 🤔 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Upride Network Upride Network Upride Network Follow Building Next-Gen Mobility Tech! Location Bengaluru, India Joined May 21, 2023 • Jan 30 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, We have build out site in react: upride.in , which tech stack should be better in 2024 as we want to do a complete revamp for faster loading. if anyone can help for our site that how we can make progress. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (38 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 More from Tapajyoti Bose 9 tricks that separate a pro Typescript developer from an noob 😎 # programming # javascript # typescript # beginners 7 skill you must know to call yourself HTML master in 2025 🚀 # webdev # programming # html # beginners 11 Interview Questions You Should Know as a React Native Developer in 2025 📈🚀 # react # reactnative # javascript # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions PEACEBINFLOW Founder of SAGEWORKS AI — building the Web4 layer where AI, blockchain & time flow as one. Creator of Mind’s Eye and BinFlow. Engineering the future of temporal, network-native intelligence. Location BOTSWANA MAUN Joined Joined on Oct 31, 2025 Email address peacethabibinflow@proton.me Personal website https://peacebinflow.github.io/sageworks-ai/ github website Pronouns he Work Founder & System Architect at SAGEWORKS AI AI Agents Intensive Course Writing Challenge Completion Awarded for completing the AI Agents Intensive Course Writing Challenge. Thank you for sharing your learning journey! 🤖 Got it Close Xano AI-Powered Backend Challenge Completion Awarded for completing at least one prompt in the Xano AI-Powered Backend Challenge. 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Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close More info about @peacebinflow Organizations SAGEWORKS AI GitHub Repositories mindscript-demos Curated demos showing how MindScript Core, Templates, Ledger, Runtime, and Search work together in real workflows — from CLI runs to multi-stage AI reasoning and temporal recall. mindscript-core MindScript Core — The official language specification, execution laws, and architectural model for MindScript, the AI-native prompting language created by Peace Thabiwa (Sageworks AI). Includes the formal syntax, deterministic stage logic, modality rules, ledger schemas, and documentation for implementing MindScript across multi-modal AI systems. mindscript-google-executor Google Workspace and Google Cloud executor for MindScript. Maps MindScript ops to Gmail, Docs, Drive, Sheets, Calendar, and GCP via deterministic C++ execution. C++ mindscript-templates MindScript Templates — The official library of structured, deterministic MindScript patterns for text, diagram, image, video, and automation tasks. Includes multi-stage templates, modality-specific patterns, pattern inheritance examples, and real-world examples demonstrating how to execute MindScript programs across LLMs and agent systems. mindseye-binary-engine A binary-level cognition engine for MindsEye. Decode, label, map, and traverse binary as time-patterns. Builds signatures, provenance, and time-aware meters for advanced ML and agentic systems. Python mindscript-ledger MindScript Ledger is the temporal memory and pattern-recall layer of the MindScript ecosystem. It stores normalized prompts, logic states, patterns, and threads as a structured ledger, enabling deterministic recall and reconstruction of long-running AI interactions. mindscript-search Semantic & structural search engine for the MindScript ecosystem. Index prompts, ledger entries, templates, and runtime outputs — enabling fast retrieval, pattern scanning, and temporal recall across MindScript workflows. Python mindscript-runtime-c Deterministic C++ runtime for executing MindScript programs with budgets, policy hooks, idempotency, and audit output; wired to mindseye-protocol protobuf contracts. C++ mindscript-runtime mindscript-runtime is the minimal, reference implementation of the MindScript engine. It provides: - a CLI for running .ms / .ms.md files - a parser that converts MindScript into an internal AST - a stage-based runtime that executes each stage sequentially - adapters for different LLM backends (OpenAI, Gemini, local stub) Python mindscript-web-playground- "Web playground for running MindScript programs with Streamlit — powered by mindscript-runtime and templates." mindseye-agentic A hybrid AI + Postgres proof-of-concept built for the Agentic Postgres Challenge. MindsEye Agentic connects Timescale hypertables, trigram search, and GPT cognition to uncover time-based insights from live event data. JavaScript MindsEye-Notification-Project1 Lightweight AI-driven email notification system built with Python and MindsEye automation. Python MindsEye-hunting-engine Cognitive AI dashboard that visualizes time-labeled data (BinFlow system) using a Node.js + React full-stack architecture. JavaScript mindseye-google-analytics Analytics layer for the MindsEye Google ecosystem: exports, charts, and dashboards over the prompt ledger. Python minds-eye-automations Automation engine for the Google-native Mind’s Eye OS. Handles scheduled jobs, Gmail/Calendar/Drive/Docs/Meet triggers, Cloud Run workflows, Pub/Sub handlers, weekly summaries, LAW-T block generation, and cognitive pool refresh tasks. TypeScript minds-eye-core Core event schema + LAW-T (Law of Time) logic for the Google-native Mind’s Eye OS constellation. Defines the universal event model, time labeling, block/segment logic, and shared TypeScript types used across all Mind’s Eye repos. TypeScript minds-eye-law-n-network LAW-N (Law of Network) — the Mind’s Eye data-movement layer that routes, separates, and prioritizes events across devices, 4G/5G networks, and cloud services. Designed to power the Mind’s Eye OS constellation with intelligent packet flow, time-aware routing, and network-adaptive behavior. TypeScript minds-eye-playground Playground for the Google-native Mind's Eye OS. A sandbox of experiments, mock data, Kaggle/Colab notebooks, and prototype scripts for events, LAW-T, search, and Google Workspace flows. TypeScript minds-eye-search-engine Search + stats microservice for the Google-native Mind's Eye OS. Powers /events/search and /events/stats over Gmail, Calendar, Drive and other Mind's Eye events using full-text, trigram, and filtered search. TypeScript minds-eye-gworkspace-connectors Google Workspace connectors for the Mind's Eye OS constellation. Ingests Gmail, Calendar, Drive, Docs, and Meet data into normalized MindEyeEvent objects and forwards them to Mind's Eye Core / event streams. TypeScript mindseye-moving-library The Moving Library is a pattern-based code evolution fabric for the MindsEye OS. It converts code → binary → pattern → new code variants, enabling living agent architectures, code mutation, and pattern retrieval. JavaScript mindseye-sql-core Core MindsEye SQL engine — a time-labeled, event-centric, pattern-aware SQL dialect that routes queries across BigQuery, Cloud SQL, Firestore, and GCS. TypeScript minds-eye-dashboard React + Next.js dashboard for the Google-native Mind's Eye OS. Visualizes timelines, events, LAW-T segments, search results, and weekly snapshots over Gmail, Calendar, Drive, Docs, and Meet activity. TypeScript mindseye-google-devlog Devlog generator that turns MindsEye ledger nodes and Google Docs into Dev.to-ready markdown posts. TypeScript mindseye-google-workflows Central workflow hub for the MindsEye Google ecosystem — defines cross-repo, cross-app data flows and portal-style data movement. Python mindseye-kaggle-binary-ledger Binary-labeled intelligence ledger for Kaggle-style ML workflows — maps datasets, models, metrics, and notebooks into LAW-T time blocks and binary pattern signatures. Bridges Web1 → Web2 → Web3 behavior and connects directly to the MindsEye Binary Engine + Moving Library. JavaScript mindseye-mcp-server Agentic MCP server starter powered by MindsEye: built-in tracing, cognitive memory, and feedback loops for tool-aware observability. TypeScript mindseye-sql-bridges Time-travel adapters for MindsEye SQL — reconstructing historical database languages, relational algebra, and legacy query styles into modern LAW-T/Law-N time-labeled SQL. TypeScript mindseye-workspace-automation Google Workspace automations (Gmail, Docs, Drive) powered by the MindsEye ledger and Gemini. JavaScript sageworks-ai SageWorks AI — temporal & network-native ecosystem powering LAW-N, Network SQL, MindsEye OS, and LAW-T binary ledgers. HTML mindseye-gemini-orchestrator Orchestrator that runs MindsEye prompts from a Google Sheets ledger through Gemini and logs results back. TypeScript mindseye-google-ledger Prompt Evolution Tree + ledger for MindsEye on Google Workspace (Sheets, Docs, Forms + Apps Script). JavaScript timescaledb A time-series database for high-performance real-time analytics packaged as a Postgres extension Fork C MindsEye-Notification-Project Skills/Languages Experienced in Python, TypeScript, Solidity, Next.js, MongoDB, and AI frameworks. Specializing in temporal AI, Web4 infrastructure, and blockchain-driven data flow Currently learning Exploring temporal AI architectures, LLM agents, and multi-chain data flows. Deep-diving into TypeScript, Python, Solidity, Next.js, and cognitive compute design. Currently hacking on Building Mind’s Eye, BinFlow, and FlowSheet — a Web4 stack merging AI perception, temporal reasoning, blockchain verification, and time-labeled data orchestration. Available for Open to collaborations on AI agents, temporal computing, Web4 ecosystems, blockchain data flows, and experimental system design. Post 45 posts published Comment 40 comments written Tag 22 tags followed # MindsEye: Ledger-First AI Architecture New Year, New You Portfolio Challenge Submission PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Jan 13 # MindsEye: Ledger-First AI Architecture # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # portfolio # gemini 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 36 min read Want to connect with PEACEBINFLOW? Create an account to connect with PEACEBINFLOW. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Reversible Binary Explainer: Proving Directive-Locked AI Explanations with MindsEye PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Jan 8 Reversible Binary Explainer: Proving Directive-Locked AI Explanations with MindsEye # ai # programming # opensource # mindseye 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read MindsEye Part II: The Enclosed Web DEV's Worldwide Show and Tell Challenge Submission 🎥 PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Jan 5 MindsEye Part II: The Enclosed Web # devchallenge # muxchallenge # showandtell # video 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read MindsEye — Turning AI Activity Into Auditable Organizational Memory DEV's Worldwide Show and Tell Challenge Submission 🎥 PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Dec 20 '25 MindsEye — Turning AI Activity Into Auditable Organizational Memory # devchallenge # muxchallenge # showandtell # video 10 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read The Ping Engine Part 2: Advanced Patterns & Real-World Examples PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Dec 19 '25 The Ping Engine Part 2: Advanced Patterns & Real-World Examples # ai # mindseye # tutorial # promptengineering 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read MindsEye & MindScript: A Ledger-First Cognitive Architecture Technical Whitepaper v5.0 PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Dec 18 '25 MindsEye & MindScript: A Ledger-First Cognitive Architecture Technical Whitepaper v5.0 # mindseye # programming # opensource # ai 4 reactions Comments 1 comment 38 min read MindsEye & MindScript: A Ledger-First Cognitive Architecture Technical Whitepaper v4.0 PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Dec 17 '25 MindsEye & MindScript: A Ledger-First Cognitive Architecture Technical Whitepaper v4.0 # programming # ai # mindseye # opensource 9 reactions Comments 1 comment 18 min read MindsEye & MindScript: A Ledger-First Cognitive Architecture Technical Whitepaper v3.0 PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Dec 16 '25 MindsEye & MindScript: A Ledger-First Cognitive Architecture Technical Whitepaper v3.0 # mindseye # programming # ai # google 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 27 min read MindsEye & MindScript: A Ledger-First Cognitive Architecture Technical Whitepaper v2.0 PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Dec 16 '25 MindsEye & MindScript: A Ledger-First Cognitive Architecture Technical Whitepaper v2.0 # mindseye # programming # ai # opensource 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 31 min read MindsEye & MindScript: A Ledger-First Cognitive Architecture Technical Whitepaper v1.0 PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Dec 16 '25 MindsEye & MindScript: A Ledger-First Cognitive Architecture Technical Whitepaper v1.0 # mindseye # programming # ai # opensource 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 31 min read MINDS EYE FABRIC PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Dec 13 '25 MINDS EYE FABRIC # programming # c # ai # mindseye 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 103 min read MindScript: The Language Layer for MindsEye (Ledger-First Automation, Domain Dialects, and Searchable Memory)" published: true PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Dec 12 '25 MindScript: The Language Layer for MindsEye (Ledger-First Automation, Domain Dialects, and Searchable Memory)" published: true # ai # automation # python # opensource 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 22 min read Mind's Eye Platform Official Technical Documentation PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Dec 6 '25 Mind's Eye Platform Official Technical Documentation # ai # programming # typescript # mindseye 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 52 min read MindsEye Hunting Engine — AI-Built, Human-Refined, and Production-Ready Submission for the Xano AI-Powered Backend Challenge Xano AI-Powered Backend Challenge: Public API Submission PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Dec 4 '25 MindsEye Hunting Engine — AI-Built, Human-Refined, and Production-Ready Submission for the Xano AI-Powered Backend Challenge # devchallenge # xanochallenge # api # backend 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read LAW-M: The Temporal Synchronization Architecture for Human–Vehicle–Environment Co-Processing PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow for SAGEWORKS AI Dec 3 '25 LAW-M: The Temporal Synchronization Architecture for Human–Vehicle–Environment Co-Processing # ai # machinelearning # automotive # startup 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 136 min read The Ping Engine: Adaptive Focus + MindsEye State Cards PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Dec 2 '25 The Ping Engine: Adaptive Focus + MindsEye State Cards # ai # promptengineering # tutorial # mindseye 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read LAW-N Series — Part 6: Building a Signal-Native Architecture Through Data, Not Theory PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow for SAGEWORKS AI Dec 1 '25 LAW-N Series — Part 6: Building a Signal-Native Architecture Through Data, Not Theory # kaggle # lawn # machinelearning # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 26 min read Introducing SAGEWORKS AI A Temporal & Network-Native Framework for Next-Generation Computational Systems PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow for SAGEWORKS AI Nov 29 '25 Introducing SAGEWORKS AI A Temporal & Network-Native Framework for Next-Generation Computational Systems # ai # opensource # architecture # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read PART 5 — The Rise of Network SQL (N-SQL) PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 28 '25 PART 5 — The Rise of Network SQL (N-SQL) # lawn # sql # nsql # programming 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 26 min read LAW-N Series, Part 4 — Where Theory Becomes Architecture, and Architecture Becomes Implication PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 28 '25 LAW-N Series, Part 4 — Where Theory Becomes Architecture, and Architecture Becomes Implication # lawn # programming # github # network 4 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read LAW-N Series, Part 3 — Opening the Signal-Native Stack PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 26 '25 LAW-N Series, Part 3 — Opening the Signal-Native Stack # ai # network # github # lawn 5 reactions Comments 3 comments 5 min read My 5-Day AI Agents Intensive Journey — Part 5 PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 25 '25 My 5-Day AI Agents Intensive Journey — Part 5 # googleaichallenge # ai # agents # devchallenge 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 16 min read THE NETWORK RENAISSANCE PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 25 '25 THE NETWORK RENAISSANCE # network # programming # ai # lawn 8 reactions Comments 6 comments 28 min read My 5-Day AI Agents Intensive Journey — Part 4 From MindsEye SQL to Cloud Fabric for Agents PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 25 '25 My 5-Day AI Agents Intensive Journey — Part 4 From MindsEye SQL to Cloud Fabric for Agents # googleaichallenge # ai # agents # devchallenge 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read LAW-N: The Network Layer for Mind's Eye ## A Research-Backed Thesis on Context-Aware Data Movement for Mobile Cognitive Systems PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 21 '25 LAW-N: The Network Layer for Mind's Eye ## A Research-Backed Thesis on Context-Aware Data Movement for Mobile Cognitive Systems # ai # networking # data # programming 9 reactions Comments 2 comments 12 min read My 5-Day AI Agents Intensive Journey — Part 3 From Google-Native OS Binary Cognition Browser/Device Agents PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 19 '25 My 5-Day AI Agents Intensive Journey — Part 3 From Google-Native OS Binary Cognition Browser/Device Agents # googleaichallenge # ai # agents # devchallenge 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read My 5-Day AI Agents Intensive Journey — Part 2 From “One Agent” to a Google-Native MindsEye OS Governed by Time & Network Laws PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 17 '25 My 5-Day AI Agents Intensive Journey — Part 2 From “One Agent” to a Google-Native MindsEye OS Governed by Time & Network Laws # googleaichallenge # ai # agents # devchallenge 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read My 5-Day AI Agents Intensive Journey — And How I Built a Google-Native MindsEye OS Using 6 Repos PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 15 '25 My 5-Day AI Agents Intensive Journey — And How I Built a Google-Native MindsEye OS Using 6 Repos # googleaichallenge # ai # agents # devchallenge 6 reactions Comments 3 comments 4 min read MindsEye x Google AI Stack, Part 2 — 200 Users, Ledgers as “Soft Blockchain”, and the OS Vision PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 14 '25 MindsEye x Google AI Stack, Part 2 — 200 Users, Ledgers as “Soft Blockchain”, and the OS Vision # googleworkspace # gemini # android # mindseye 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read # I Built a MindsEye x Google AI Stack in 6 Repos (Without Cloud Credits or API Budget… Yet) PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 13 '25 # I Built a MindsEye x Google AI Stack in 6 Repos (Without Cloud Credits or API Budget… Yet) # googleworkspace # gemini # automation # mindseye 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read We Gave Our MCP Server a Brain: Introducing MindsEye” PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 10 '25 We Gave Our MCP Server a Brain: Introducing MindsEye” # mindseye # typescript # opensource # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read MindsEye Agentic — Time-Labeled Cognitive Events on Tiger Cloud Agentic Postgres Challenge Submission PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 9 '25 MindsEye Agentic — Time-Labeled Cognitive Events on Tiger Cloud # devchallenge # agenticpostgreschallenge # ai # postgres 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building the Mind’s Eye Hunting Engine — Call for Builders, Dreamers & Systems Thinkers PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 8 '25 Building the Mind’s Eye Hunting Engine — Call for Builders, Dreamers & Systems Thinkers # programming # node # github # mindseye 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Introducing LAW-T: A Time-Labeled, Self-Evolving Programming System** PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 7 '25 Introducing LAW-T: A Time-Labeled, Self-Evolving Programming System** # programming # blockchain # opensource # github 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Introducing the MindsEye Notification Project — Adaptive Email Automation for the Future of AI Systems PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 6 '25 Introducing the MindsEye Notification Project — Adaptive Email Automation for the Future of AI Systems # discuss # ai # python # opensource Comments Add Comment 2 min read Reviving Smalltalk-80 with LAW-T: Reconstructing the Laws of Object-Oriented Reasoning for the JavaScript Era PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 5 '25 Reviving Smalltalk-80 with LAW-T: Reconstructing the Laws of Object-Oriented Reasoning for the JavaScript Era # discuss # programming # javascript # devops 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building LAW-T: The First AI-Native Programming Language Hacktoberfest: Contribution Chronicles PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 4 '25 Building LAW-T: The First AI-Native Programming Language # hacktoberfest # ai # opensource # javascript Comments Add Comment 10 min read Mind’s Eye Flow Engine — Turning Postgres Into a Thinking System Agentic Postgres Challenge Submission PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 4 '25 Mind’s Eye Flow Engine — Turning Postgres Into a Thinking System # devchallenge # agenticpostgreschallenge # ai # postgres 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Project: The Haunted Landing – A Portal Between Dimensions Frontend Challenge Perfect Landing Submission 🦇🎃 PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 4 '25 Project: The Haunted Landing – A Portal Between Dimensions # frontendchallenge # devchallenge # css Comments Add Comment 2 min read Learning Reflections: The Age of Perceptual AI PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 3 '25 Learning Reflections: The Age of Perceptual AI # googleaichallenge # ai # agents # devchallenge 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read "LAW-J: I Rebuilt Java With Time Built Into Every Class, Method, and Variable" Hacktoberfest: Contribution Chronicles PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 3 '25 "LAW-J: I Rebuilt Java With Time Built Into Every Class, Method, and Variable" # hacktoberfest # java # opensource # jvm Comments Add Comment 9 min read "Building Mind’s Eye & BinFlow: Architecting Web4’s Temporal Intelligence Layer" Hacktoberfest: Maintainer Spotlight PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 3 '25 "Building Mind’s Eye & BinFlow: Architecting Web4’s Temporal Intelligence Layer" # devchallenge # hacktoberfest # opensource 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building LAW-T: Creating a Time-Native Programming Language from Scratch Hacktoberfest: Contribution Chronicles PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 3 '25 Building LAW-T: Creating a Time-Native Programming Language from Scratch # hacktoberfest # opensource # compilers # python 7 reactions Comments 1 comment 9 min read LAW-T Interpreter v0.1 - Time-Native Programming PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 3 '25 LAW-T Interpreter v0.1 - Time-Native Programming # programming # python # architecture # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read # LAW-T: Building a Time-Native Programming Language (Let's Build It Together) PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW PEACEBINFLOW Follow Nov 2 '25 # LAW-T: Building a Time-Native Programming Language (Let's Build It Together) # discuss # programming # blockchain # web3 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/koshirok096/bun-bite-size-article-192m | Bun (Bite-size Article) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse koshirok096 Posted on Oct 17, 2024 Bun (Bite-size Article) # bunjs # node # backend Introduction In my previous article , I wrote about Hono , and following that, I recently started learning about a new JavaScript runtime called Bun . Until now, it has been common to use Node.js for backend development, so learning about this new runtime, Bun, has felt very refreshing. Although I am still a beginner and my understanding may not be complete, I wanted to share this as a personal note and as a resource for others who might be interested in Bun but have not yet explored it much. While the content may lack some details, I hope you find it informative and inspiring. What is Bun? Bun is a new JavaScript and TypeScript runtime that developed in 2022, serving as a platform for running JavaScript on the server-side, similar to Node.js and Deno . Because of this, it has gained attention as a potential competitor or alternative to these existing runtimes. However, Bun is not just a simple replacement for Node.js. It is a multifunctional toolkit designed to handle the entire JavaScript workflow — from development, testing, and execution to bundling — all within a single tool. This comprehensive approach sets Bun apart, providing a more integrated solution for a wide range of development needs compared to other runtimes. Moreover, as a newer player, Bun leverages its late entry to the market by incorporating significant optimizations in terms of performance and speed. Specifically, it aims to outperform existing runtimes in areas like module loading and script execution speed. For example, Bun natively supports TypeScript and minimizes the need for transpilation, offering a more efficient development environment . Thus, Bun positions itself as more than just a "server-side JavaScript runtime"; it aims to be a next-generation tool that covers the entire development process. In the future, with increased adoption by the developer community and the continued growth of its ecosystem, Bun has the potential to make a significant impact on the landscape of JavaScript runtimes. Tip: Definition of a JavaScript Runtime A JavaScript runtime broadly refers to an environment that allows JavaScript or TypeScript to be executed. This enables JavaScript to run in various contexts, including in the browser, on server-side platforms, and in command-line tools. Typically, JavaScript runs inside browsers like Chrome or Firefox, using their built-in JavaScript engines (e.g., the V8 engine in Chrome and SpiderMonkey in Firefox). This makes browsers the primary runtime environment for JavaScript, allowing it to be executed only within the browser itself. However, JavaScript runtimes like Node.js, Deno, and Bun are built on these engines and extend them to enable JavaScript to run outside of the browser . They add additional features to these engines, making it possible to use JavaScript in broader applications such as server-side programs, automation scripts, and command-line interface (CLI) tools. As a result, JavaScript can be used not only for front-end development but also as a powerful option for back-end development and other areas, establishing itself as a versatile scripting language that goes beyond the boundaries of traditional web development. In this way, a JavaScript runtime is not limited to just browser execution; it can operate in a variety of environments, making it suitable for many different types of development. Setup In this article, I’ll be walking you through the initial setup steps as an introduction. 1. Installation Let's start by installing Bun. Simply run the following command in your terminal to set it up: curl -fsSL https://bun.sh/install | bash Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode After the installation is complete, use bun -v to check the version and ensure that it was successfully installed. 2. Creating a New Project When starting a new project, use the bun init command. By running the following command, a basic setup will be automatically created for you: bun init my-app cd my-app Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Building a Simple Server Next, let’s build a simple server using Bun. Save the following code as index.ts, and then run bun run index.ts to start the server: import { serve } from " bun " ; serve ({ fetch ( req ) { return new Response ( “ Hola , Bun ! " ); }, port: 3000, }); console.log( " Server is running at http : //localhost:3000"); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode When you access http://localhost:3000 in your browser, you should see "Hola, Bun!" displayed! Tip: TypeScript As you might have noticed from the setup steps above, Bun natively supports TypeScript and JSX , allowing you to use TypeScript and JSX without needing a separate transpiler (as demonstrated by using the index.ts file in our example). This is currently one of my favorite features of Bun. In contrast, Node.js cannot directly run TypeScript. To use TypeScript in Node.js, you need to convert .ts files into .js files using some method, such as ts-node or compiling them with tsc . While you can set up TypeScript in Node.js with these tools, Bun’s ability to run TypeScript directly makes development much more convenient and straightforward. Conclusion In this article, I covered the initial setup of Bun and demonstrated how to create a simple sample application. While the content was introductory and may have felt somewhat basic, I hope it provided a good overview of Bun’s core features and usage. In more advanced projects, you’ll likely encounter scenarios where you compare Bun with other established JavaScript runtimes like Node.js. As for myself, I’m still in the process of experimenting with Bun, especially in terms of its performance and potential advantages over traditional runtimes. Moving forward, I plan to continue exploring Bun further. If I discover any new insights or use cases, I’ll be sure to share them in future articles. Thank you for your continued support, and I look forward to sharing more updates! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse koshirok096 Follow College Student / Frontend Developer / Web Designer / Photographer Location Vancouver, Canada Joined May 24, 2021 More from koshirok096 Easy and Fast API Development with Bun and Hono: A Simple Project in 5 Minutes # bunjs # hono # beginners Quick Start with Hono: Simple Setup Guide (Bite-sized article) # backend # api # webdev # javascript Session Management Basics with Redis # redis # backend # webdev 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/testing/page/9#main-content | Testing Page 9 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Testing Follow Hide Find those bugs before your users do! 🐛 Create Post Older #testing posts 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Write a JWT Login Test Using Cypress حذيفة حذيفة حذيفة Follow Dec 13 '25 Write a JWT Login Test Using Cypress # cypress # react # jwt # testing 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Eclipse WTP: JaCoCo Coverage Not Recognized When Running Tomcat in Debug Mode toydev toydev toydev Follow Dec 12 '25 Eclipse WTP: JaCoCo Coverage Not Recognized When Running Tomcat in Debug Mode # java # eclipse # jacoco # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read How Verdex Sees Inside Iframes: Event-Driven Multi-Frame Support Johnny Johnny Johnny Follow Dec 12 '25 How Verdex Sees Inside Iframes: Event-Driven Multi-Frame Support # tooling # testing # javascript # architecture Comments Add Comment 12 min read Quic-test: an open tool for testing QUIC, BBRv3, and FEC under real-world network conditions Maksim Lanies Maksim Lanies Maksim Lanies Follow for Cloudbridge Research Dec 11 '25 Quic-test: an open tool for testing QUIC, BBRv3, and FEC under real-world network conditions # tooling # testing # opensource # networking Comments Add Comment 5 min read Django + DRF Practical Testing: Blog, Writer, Category, SocialMediaMeta (Full Use Case) - Part 2 Ajit Kumar Ajit Kumar Ajit Kumar Follow Dec 12 '25 Django + DRF Practical Testing: Blog, Writer, Category, SocialMediaMeta (Full Use Case) - Part 2 # testing # tutorial # django # python Comments Add Comment 3 min read Sonarqube Nedir Suleyman Suleyman Suleyman Follow Dec 13 '25 Sonarqube Nedir # tooling # security # testing # devops Comments Add Comment 4 min read Performance Testing Tools in Software Testing: JMeter, K6, Gatling & More Emily Jackson Emily Jackson Emily Jackson Follow Dec 17 '25 Performance Testing Tools in Software Testing: JMeter, K6, Gatling & More # performance # webdev # jmeter # testing 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read AI-Native QA: Transforming Quality Assurance with Intelligence-First Strategies Vishal Chincholi Vishal Chincholi Vishal Chincholi Follow Dec 11 '25 AI-Native QA: Transforming Quality Assurance with Intelligence-First Strategies # qa # ai # testing # automation Comments Add Comment 3 min read ScrumBuddy Beta Is Live! Here’s the Real Story Behind It (For the Solopreneurs Who’ll Get It Most) Guy Guy Guy Follow Dec 11 '25 ScrumBuddy Beta Is Live! Here’s the Real Story Behind It (For the Solopreneurs Who’ll Get It Most) # webdev # ai # devops # testing Comments Add Comment 4 min read Accelerating Release Cycles Through Automated Regression Testing Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Follow Dec 11 '25 Accelerating Release Cycles Through Automated Regression Testing # testing # cicd # devops # automation Comments Add Comment 4 min read How I built a Region-Aware Phone Number Generator in TypeScript limaodev limaodev limaodev Follow Dec 11 '25 How I built a Region-Aware Phone Number Generator in TypeScript # typescript # webdev # programming # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read PAGI::Server Performance and Hardening John Napiorkowski John Napiorkowski John Napiorkowski Follow Dec 15 '25 PAGI::Server Performance and Hardening # showdev # testing # performance # opensource 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why Do So Many Teams Fail at Testing? Amirsaeed Sadeghi Komjani Amirsaeed Sadeghi Komjani Amirsaeed Sadeghi Komjani Follow Dec 12 '25 Why Do So Many Teams Fail at Testing? # testing # tdd # architecture # cleancode Comments Add Comment 2 min read Software Testing Podcast - BrowserStack Community QnA - The Evil Tester Show Episode 028 Alan Richardson Alan Richardson Alan Richardson Follow Dec 15 '25 Software Testing Podcast - BrowserStack Community QnA - The Evil Tester Show Episode 028 # testing # learning # automation # community Comments Add Comment 9 min read Getting Started with pytest Developer Service Developer Service Developer Service Follow Dec 12 '25 Getting Started with pytest # python # pytest # testing Comments Add Comment 5 min read Exposing a Local Service to the Internet with Ngrok: A Quick Guide Rohan Mostofa Abir Rohan Mostofa Abir Rohan Mostofa Abir Follow Dec 15 '25 Exposing a Local Service to the Internet with Ngrok: A Quick Guide # webdev # productivity # testing Comments Add Comment 1 min read 7 things to watch for when conducting user tests Karina Egle Karina Egle Karina Egle Follow Dec 11 '25 7 things to watch for when conducting user tests # ux # ui # testing # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Illusions of Quality — Episode 12: The Future of Quality — AI, Automation, and the Human Gatekeeper ✨ Abdul Osman Abdul Osman Abdul Osman Follow Dec 9 '25 The Illusions of Quality — Episode 12: The Future of Quality — AI, Automation, and the Human Gatekeeper ✨ # qa # ai # testing # test 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read High-Throughput IoT Log Aggregator İbrahim SEZER İbrahim SEZER İbrahim SEZER Follow Dec 25 '25 High-Throughput IoT Log Aggregator # go # performance # testing # productivity 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Visual Regression for Adaptive Interfaces: Testing That Crisis Mode Actually Looks Different CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems Follow Dec 13 '25 Visual Regression for Adaptive Interfaces: Testing That Crisis Mode Actually Looks Different # testing # a11y # healthcare # react Comments Add Comment 9 min read Stop using localhost: bugs it creates and how to prevent them Rob Bogie Rob Bogie Rob Bogie Follow Dec 10 '25 Stop using localhost: bugs it creates and how to prevent them # testing # beginners # devops # webdev Comments Add Comment 8 min read Bug Fixed? Cool.😭 ArunaHulakoti ArunaHulakoti ArunaHulakoti Follow Dec 11 '25 Bug Fixed? Cool.😭 # qa # funny # testing Comments Add Comment 1 min read test post Breno Henrique Da Silva Breno Henrique Da Silva Breno Henrique Da Silva Follow for Test Organization Dec 10 '25 test post # python # testing Comments Add Comment 1 min read JavaScript vs TypeScript for MVPs: Why We Ship Without Types (And What We Use Instead) Daniel Tofan Daniel Tofan Daniel Tofan Follow Dec 22 '25 JavaScript vs TypeScript for MVPs: Why We Ship Without Types (And What We Use Instead) # javascript # typescript # testing # startup 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read i18n Testing — A Practical Guide for QA Engineers Anton Antonov Anton Antonov Anton Antonov Follow Dec 9 '25 i18n Testing — A Practical Guide for QA Engineers # testing # frontend # tutorial # qa 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:11 |
https://dev.to/skorfmann/skymood-watch-blueskys-heartbeat-through-emojis-in-real-time-4knm | Skymood - Watch Bluesky's heartbeat through emojis in real-time 🌟 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Sebastian Korfmann Posted on Nov 18, 2024 Skymood - Watch Bluesky's heartbeat through emojis in real-time 🌟 # bluesky # bunjs # javascript # react This is a brief background story to how I built Skymood over the course of two evenings. Since becoming more active on bluesky again, I started to look into how bluesky is built behind the scenes. The backbone which ties everything together is the Firehose , which is a full stream of events (posts, likes, follows, handle changes, etc). While that's one of the coolest aspects of Bluesky and ATProto , it's also a ton of data (in the realm of ~ 50 GB / day as of today) which would have to be transferred and processed, since it's an all or nothing approach with no filtering option. However, there's another option which got released a few weeks ago: Jetstream . In contrast to the Firehose, this allows filtering by Collection NSIDs and Repositories . This means, we can filter for e.g. all posts, either globally or scope it to a bunch of given user ids. That sounds pretty intriguing, doesn't it? As one does, I started to play around with just getting bunch of posts and a way to demonstrate what's possible. When looking at the stream of posts flying by I was like, it would be nice to get some kind of moodboard based on the emojis. One prompt later: Well, that's promising, so let's evolve that into a website we can put on the Internet. Literally Serverless The Jetstream Websocket endpoint is open and can be connected to from any browser. So technically, there's no reason why a server would be required. And sure enough, consuming the Jetstream filtered for posts is totally doable. Just give it a try in your terminal $ websocat wss://jetstream2.us-east.bsky.network/subscribe\?wantedCollections=app.bsky.feed.post Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode So I went ahead and threw together a quick React SPA using Waku which was subscribing straight to the Jetstream Websocket from the client side. The prototype was done pretty quickly. The only noticeable hurdle was, that the Jetstream SDK depends on node:events . Rather than trying to workaround that, it seemed a lot simpler to just go with a plain Websocket implementation. const ws = new WebSocket ( ' wss://jetstream2.us-west.bsky.network/subscribe?wantedCollections=app.bsky.feed.post ' ); ws . addEventListener ( ' message ' , async ( event ) => { console . log ( event ) }) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode I was kind of expecting some performance issues, but it was rather smooth. The only small optimization was to debounce rendering, so that not each and every new emoji would re-render. Deployed this to Cloudflare and pretty much done. Well, not so fast. Let's look at the consumed bandwidth. $ websocat wss://jetstream2.us-east.bsky.network/subscribe\?wantedCollections=app.bsky.feed.post | pv > /dev/null Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Depending on the time of the day, this is currently using between ~ 60 KB/s and 150 KB/s for the global posts stream - and it's gonna increase by the day. Not really an issue on a fast, unmetered fibre connection, but on mobile it might be another story. Last but not least, it feels wrong to let the client do all the expensive work while potentially increasing the bandwidth & resources bill for the Bluesky team. Back to the drawing board. Cloudflare Durable Objects Cloudflare's Durable Objects were on my list to try for a long time, handling Websockets are one of major use-cases . Rewriting the React client side handling was just a few prompts away and I was good to go. The main changes were to subscribe to Jetstream as an upstream connection, match for emojis and publish the emojis to subscribed clients. // Track connected WebSocket clients and their emoji filters const clients = new Map < WebSocket , Set < string >> (); // When receiving a message from the data source ws . addEventListener ( ' message ' , async ( event ) => { try { const data = JSON . parse ( event . data as string ); const postText = data . text . toLowerCase (); // Extract unique emojis from the text const emojiRegex = / [\p {Emoji_Presentation} \p {Extended_Pictographic} ] /gu ; const emojis = [... new Set ( postText . match ( emojiRegex ) || [])]; // Skip if no emojis found if ( emojis . length === 0 ) return ; // Notify all connected clients for ( const [ client , filters ] of clients ) { // Send the list of emojis found client . send ( JSON . stringify ({ type : ' emojis ' , emojis })); // If client has emoji filters and post contains matching emoji, // send the full post details if ( filters . size > 0 && emojis . some ( emoji => filters . has ( emoji ))) { client . send ( JSON . stringify ({ type : ' post ' , text : data . text , emojis , timestamp : Date . now () })); } } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Error processing message: ' , error ); } }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode And with that, we were down to somewhere between 0.5 - 3 KB/s for a client connection while the server is doing the heavylifting only once. That's a lot better! However, while the Durable Object was doing ok it seemed to be a bit slow (gut feeling, no data) and close the maximum memory of 128 MB (see limits ). What to do? So far it's a single Durable Object. Ideas from the forum / Discord of Cloudflare were along the lines of sharding, aka introduce a few durable objects for client handling while a single one does the upstream processing. That's a lot of complexity right there. I'm sure there are better ways, if anyone at Cloudflare reads this: I'd be more than happy to iterate on my approach. But for now I just wanted to ship it. So off to the next chapter. Pivot: Bun.js Bun.js is another thing I wanted to look into for a while. In the back of my head it's categorized as Nodejs, but more performant. It turned out that Bun has a custom websocket server baked in, which claims 7x more throughput compare to Nodejs and ws . Haven't verified those claims, but that's enough of an excuse to use it in this case. Again, a few prompts later the new version was up and running and deployed to fly on a rather small machine in Frankfurt, Germany. Let's see: $ websocat wss://skymood-bun.fly.dev {"type":"clientCount","count":1} {"type":"emojis","emojis":["😘"]} {"type":"emojis","emojis":["🧐"]} {"type":"emojis","emojis":["🙏"]} {"type":"emojis","emojis":["😀"]} {"type":"emojis","emojis":["😂"]} ... Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode and the filtered version $ (echo '{"type":"filter","emoji":"🥰"}'; cat) | websocat wss://skymood-bun.fly.dev {"type":"emojis","emojis":["😊"]} {"type":"emojis","emojis":["‼","✨"]} {"type":"emojis","emojis":["🥰"]} {"type":"post","text":"Good morning have a lovely day 🥰","url":"https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:q4st6fcbn5jdi7xdf4o7a2jy/post/3lb7jrngi7c2m","timestamp":1731919511338,"emojis":["🥰"]} {"type":"emojis","emojis":["🌻","🔪"]} {"type":"emojis","emojis":["❤"]} Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Beautiful :) Quite a journey, but we now have a rather robust Websocket relay, which connects to the Bluesky Jetstream once, and republishes only a small subset of only relevant messages. Find the current server code over at Github Make sure to check out the end result https://skymood.skorfmann.com/ and don't forget to share this post, the website or both :) Also, post comments either here or on this Bluesky post Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Sebastian Korfmann Follow Building a Product | AWS DevTools Hero | Formerly HashiCorp, Creator of CDK for Terraform Location Hamburg, Germany Joined Feb 10, 2020 More from Sebastian Korfmann The Journey of CDK.dev: From Static Site to Bluesky # aws # cdk # bluesky # atproto 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # softwaredevelopment Follow Hide Create Post Older #softwaredevelopment posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 243 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Why Your Job Isn’t Disappearing—But Your Tasks Are (Part 3: The Career) synthaicode synthaicode synthaicode Follow Jan 12 Why Your Job Isn’t Disappearing—But Your Tasks Are (Part 3: The Career) # ai # career # management # softwaredevelopment 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Claude Code: Replace Yourself with Specialized AI Developers Ownlife Ownlife Ownlife Follow Jan 12 Claude Code: Replace Yourself with Specialized AI Developers # ai # agents # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 24 min read O que 70 especificações me ensinaram sobre agentes de código Alberto Luiz Souza Alberto Luiz Souza Alberto Luiz Souza Follow Jan 12 O que 70 especificações me ensinaram sobre agentes de código # agents # ai # softwaredevelopment 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 6 min read Package Updates Are Investments, Not Hygiene Tasks Steven Stuart Steven Stuart Steven Stuart Follow Jan 12 Package Updates Are Investments, Not Hygiene Tasks # leadership # softwaredevelopment # testing Comments Add Comment 8 min read Where AI Is Actually Taking Software Development Careers Jaber-Said Jaber-Said Jaber-Said Follow Jan 12 Where AI Is Actually Taking Software Development Careers # ai # softwaredevelopment # careeradvice # futureofwork Comments Add Comment 4 min read Self-Documenting Code vs. Comments: Lessons from Maintaining Large-Scale Codebases ThankGod Chibugwum Obobo ThankGod Chibugwum Obobo ThankGod Chibugwum Obobo Follow Jan 11 Self-Documenting Code vs. Comments: Lessons from Maintaining Large-Scale Codebases # webdev # softwaredevelopment # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read Baseline Testing for Developers: Catching Regressions Without Slowing CI Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Jan 12 Baseline Testing for Developers: Catching Regressions Without Slowing CI # devops # baselinetesting # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 4 min read AI is changing how we build software: here's how to do it safely Colosl Colosl Colosl Follow Jan 11 AI is changing how we build software: here's how to do it safely # ai # cybersecurity # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 6 min read Code Review Guidelines for Modern Development Teams Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Follow Jan 12 Code Review Guidelines for Modern Development Teams # codequality # productivity # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 3 min read Sharing a Talk: "How to Build Your Own Open Source Project" Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Sharing a Talk: "How to Build Your Own Open Source Project" # beginners # opensource # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 7 min read Ticket Booking System (BookMyShow) High-level System Design Arghya Majumder Arghya Majumder Arghya Majumder Follow Jan 11 Ticket Booking System (BookMyShow) High-level System Design # softwareengineering # softwaredevelopment # locking # ticketbookingsystem Comments Add Comment 58 min read What AI Actually Replaces in Software Development (Part 2: The Reality) synthaicode synthaicode synthaicode Follow Jan 11 What AI Actually Replaces in Software Development (Part 2: The Reality) # ai # career # management # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why APIs Are the Backbone of Modern Applications Ravish Kumar Ravish Kumar Ravish Kumar Follow Jan 11 Why APIs Are the Backbone of Modern Applications # api # softwaredevelopment # webdev Comments Add Comment 3 min read Book Review: Talent Management Bible - Learning Best Practices from Fortune 500 Companies Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Book Review: Talent Management Bible - Learning Best Practices from Fortune 500 Companies # ui # ai # nvidia # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 4 min read Structured Concurrency in Go: Stop Letting Goroutines Escape Serif COLAKEL Serif COLAKEL Serif COLAKEL Follow Jan 11 Structured Concurrency in Go: Stop Letting Goroutines Escape # go # softwaredevelopment # softwareengineering # backend Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why Claude Code Excels at Legacy System Modernization Juha Pellotsalo Juha Pellotsalo Juha Pellotsalo Follow Jan 11 Why Claude Code Excels at Legacy System Modernization # ai # claudecode # legacycode # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Rise of Low-Code and No-Code Development Ravish Kumar Ravish Kumar Ravish Kumar Follow Jan 11 The Rise of Low-Code and No-Code Development # beginners # productivity # softwaredevelopment # tooling Comments Add Comment 3 min read Architecting Rx-Gated E-commerce with EMR Integration: Best Path for Authorize-Only Payments and Clinical Approval Workflow MattyIce MattyIce MattyIce Follow Jan 8 Architecting Rx-Gated E-commerce with EMR Integration: Best Path for Authorize-Only Payments and Clinical Approval Workflow # discuss # architecture # softwaredevelopment # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to: NuGet local feeds Karen Payne Karen Payne Karen Payne Follow Jan 10 How to: NuGet local feeds # csharp # dotnetcore # softwaredevelopment # codenewbie Comments Add Comment 3 min read Is the Cult of Constant 'Trying Things Out' Killing Your Engineering Efficiency? Oleg Oleg Oleg Follow Jan 10 Is the Cult of Constant 'Trying Things Out' Killing Your Engineering Efficiency? # productivity # engineeringmanagement # softwaredevelopment # ai 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read Building With AI Made Me Realize How Often We Don’t Understand Our Own Code azril hakim azril hakim azril hakim Follow Jan 11 Building With AI Made Me Realize How Often We Don’t Understand Our Own Code # ai # softwaredevelopment # programming # productivity 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read Why the global boom of pádel requires advanced technology and smarter booking apps luis Yanguas Gómez de la serna luis Yanguas Gómez de la serna luis Yanguas Gómez de la serna Follow Jan 10 Why the global boom of pádel requires advanced technology and smarter booking apps # discuss # powerapps # softwaredevelopment # devops Comments Add Comment 3 min read # Why Version Control Exists: The Pendrive Problem saiyam gupta saiyam gupta saiyam gupta Follow Jan 10 # Why Version Control Exists: The Pendrive Problem # beginners # git # softwaredevelopment 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read The complex road to building software with AI, and why human experts still matter luis Yanguas Gómez de la serna luis Yanguas Gómez de la serna luis Yanguas Gómez de la serna Follow Jan 10 The complex road to building software with AI, and why human experts still matter # ai # softwaredevelopment # programming Comments Add Comment 5 min read My First Anniversary at insightsoftware — A Year of Learning Real Software Engineering SUVAM AGRAWAL SUVAM AGRAWAL SUVAM AGRAWAL Follow Jan 9 My First Anniversary at insightsoftware — A Year of Learning Real Software Engineering # insightsoftware # softwareengineering # software # softwaredevelopment 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... trending guides/resources Are We Losing Our Manners in Software Development? 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Setup Hashicorp Vault + Vault Agent on Docker Compose n8n: A Great Starting Point, But Not Where Real Engineering Lives Top 5 Rust Frameworks (2025) Create a Text Editor in Go - Search From Video to Voiceover in Seconds: Running MLX Swift on ARM-Based iOS Devices When Oracle Got Hacked (and the Hackers Fought Each Other) My Current Tech Stack in 2026 The Vibe Coding Hangover: How to Stop AI From Ruining Your Codebase Why I Wrote AI Coding Guidelines and You Should Too The Secret Life of JavaScript: Memories AI writes pretty good code these days and it doesn't really matter The Secret Life of Python: Attribute Lookup Secrets 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Music Forem Close # distribution Follow Hide getting music out there Create Post Older #distribution posts 1 2 3 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu What distributor do you use? Mikey Dorje Mikey Dorje Mikey Dorje Follow Nov 11 '25 What distributor do you use? # discuss # indie # distribution # digital 7 reactions Comments 4 comments 1 min read Rick Beato: This AI Song Just Went Number 1...FOR REAL Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 14 '25 Rick Beato: This AI Song Just Went Number 1...FOR REAL # digital # production # distribution Comments 2 comments 1 min read NPR Music: Gloria Estefan: Tiny Desk Concert Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Oct 13 '25 NPR Music: Gloria Estefan: Tiny Desk Concert # indie # streaming # livestreaming # distribution Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Fishbone - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Sep 30 '25 KEXP: Fishbone - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) # livestreaming # production # distribution 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Derya Yıldırım & Grup Şimşek - Bal (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Sep 24 '25 KEXP: Derya Yıldırım & Grup Şimşek - Bal (Live on KEXP) # livestreaming # indie # production # distribution Comments Add Comment 1 min read COLORS: Ray Lozano - HiYA | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Sep 19 '25 COLORS: Ray Lozano - HiYA | A COLORS SHOW # indie # streaming # distribution Comments Add Comment 1 min read Cercle: Two Lanes - Signs of Change (Live Version) | Cercle Odyssey Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Sep 18 '25 Cercle: Two Lanes - Signs of Change (Live Version) | Cercle Odyssey # digital # livestreaming # distribution # production Comments Add Comment 1 min read COLORS: Bashy | A COLORS ENCORE Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Sep 16 '25 COLORS: Bashy | A COLORS ENCORE # hiphop # streaming # livestreaming # distribution Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Kevin Kaarl - dime (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Sep 15 '25 KEXP: Kevin Kaarl - dime (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production # distribution Comments Add Comment 1 min read Polyphonic: How Music Works in "Sinners" Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Sep 14 '25 Polyphonic: How Music Works in "Sinners" # indie # production # distribution Comments Add Comment 1 min read COLORS: Bashy - Lost In Dreams | A COLORS ENCORE Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Sep 17 '25 COLORS: Bashy - Lost In Dreams | A COLORS ENCORE # hiphop # streaming # livestreaming # distribution Comments 2 comments 1 min read KEXP: Sofie Royer - Young Girl (Illusion) (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Aug 25 '25 KEXP: Sofie Royer - Young Girl (Illusion) (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production # distribution Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Gouge Away - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Sep 16 '25 KEXP: Gouge Away - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) # livestreaming # indie # production # distribution Comments Add Comment 1 min read COLORS: Isaia Huron - I CHOSE YOU | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Aug 27 '25 COLORS: Isaia Huron - I CHOSE YOU | A COLORS SHOW # indie # streaming # livestreaming # distribution Comments Add Comment 1 min read Trash Theory: Phil Collins, In The Air Tonight & That Drum Fill | New British Canon Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Aug 22 '25 Trash Theory: Phil Collins, In The Air Tonight & That Drum Fill | New British Canon # streaming # digital # production # distribution 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Andrew Huang: The most innovative music tools of 2025! Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Sep 26 '25 Andrew Huang: The most innovative music tools of 2025! # digital # production # distribution 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: The Might Be Giants - Moonbeam Rays / Ana Ng (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Aug 22 '25 KEXP: The Might Be Giants - Moonbeam Rays / Ana Ng (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production # distribution Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Khu éex' - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Aug 21 '25 KEXP: Khu éex' - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) # livestreaming # production # distribution # indie 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Rick Beato: This Record Label Is Trying To SILENCE Me Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Aug 19 '25 Rick Beato: This Record Label Is Trying To SILENCE Me # digital # distribution Comments Add Comment 1 min read COLORS: Souly - Motte | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Sep 22 '25 COLORS: Souly - Motte | A COLORS SHOW # streaming # indie # livestreaming # distribution 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read COLORS: Rodney Chrome - BBL | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Aug 18 '25 COLORS: Rodney Chrome - BBL | A COLORS SHOW # hiphop # streaming # livestreaming # distribution Comments Add Comment 1 min read COLORS: Rodney Chrome | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Aug 17 '25 COLORS: Rodney Chrome | A COLORS SHOW # hiphop # streaming # livestreaming # distribution Comments Add Comment 1 min read COLORS: Lila Iké - Scatter | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Aug 13 '25 COLORS: Lila Iké - Scatter | A COLORS SHOW # indie # streaming # livestreaming # distribution Comments Add Comment 1 min read COLORS: Ray Lozano | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Sep 18 '25 COLORS: Ray Lozano | A COLORS SHOW # indie # streaming # livestreaming # distribution Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Hermanos Gutiérrez - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Aug 11 '25 KEXP: Hermanos Gutiérrez - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) # streaming # livestreaming # production # distribution 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... trending guides/resources Rick Beato: This AI Song Just Went Number 1...FOR REAL What distributor do you use? 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Music Forem — From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. 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https://dev.to/miltivik/how-i-built-a-high-performance-social-api-with-bun-elysiajs-on-a-5-vps-handling-36k-reqsmin-5do4#1-tuning-the-rate-limiter | How I built a high-performance Social API with Bun & ElysiaJS on a $5 VPS (handling 3.6k reqs/min) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse nicomedina Posted on Jan 13 How I built a high-performance Social API with Bun & ElysiaJS on a $5 VPS (handling 3.6k reqs/min) # bunjs # api # javascript # programming The Goal I wanted to build a "Micro-Social" API—a backend service capable of handling Twitter-like feeds, follows, and likes—without breaking the bank. My constraints were simple: Budget:** $5 - $20 / month. Performance:** Sub-300ms latency. Scale:** Must handle concurrent load (stress testing). Most tutorials show you Hello World . This post shows you what happens when you actually hit Hello World with 25 concurrent users on a cheap VPS. (Spoiler: It crashes). Here is how I fixed it. ## The Stack 🛠️ I chose Bun over Node.js for its startup speed and built-in tooling. Runtime: Bun Framework: ElysiaJS (Fastest Bun framework) Database: PostgreSQL (via Dokploy) ORM: Drizzle (Lightweight & Type-safe) Hosting: VPS with Dokploy (Docker Compose) The "Oh Sh*t" Moment 🚨 I deployed my first version. It worked fine for me. Then I ran a load test using k6 to simulate 25 virtual users browsing various feeds. k6 run tests/stress-test.js Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Result: ✗ http_req_failed................: 86.44% ✗ status is 429..................: 86.44% The server wasn't crashing, but it was rejecting almost everyone. Diagnosis I initially blamed Traefik (the reverse proxy). But digging into the code, I found the culprit was me . // src/index.ts // OLD CONFIGURATION . use ( rateLimit ({ duration : 60 _000 , max : 100 // 💀 100 requests per minute... GLOBAL per IP? })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Since my stress test (and likely any future NATed corporate office) sent all requests from a single IP, I was essentially DDOSing myself. The Fixes 🔧 1. Tuning the Rate Limiter I bumped the limit to 2,500 req/min . This prevents abuse while allowing heavy legitimate traffic (or load balancers). // src/index.ts . use ( rateLimit ({ duration : 60 _000 , max : 2500 // Much better for standard reliable APIs })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Database Connection Pooling The default Postgres pool size is often small (e.g., 10 or 20). My VPS has 4GB RAM. PostgreSQL needs RAM for connections, but not that much. I bumped the pool to 80 connections . // src/db/index.ts const client = postgres ( process . env . DATABASE_URL , { max : 80 }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Horizontal Scaling with Docker Node/Bun is single-threaded. A single container uses 1 CPU core effectivey. My VPS has 2 vCPUs. I added a replicas instruction to my docker-compose.dokploy.yml : api : build : . restart : always deploy : replicas : 2 # One for each core! Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This instantly doubled my throughput capacity. Traefik automatically load-balances between the two containers. The Final Result 🟢 Ran k6 again: ✓ checks_succeeded...: 100.00% ✓ http_req_duration..: p(95)=200.45ms ✓ http_req_failed....: 0.00% (excluding auth checks) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 0 errors. 200ms latency. On a cheap VPS. Takeaway You don't need Kubernetes for a side project. You just need to understand where your bottlenecks are: Application Layer: Check your Rate Limits. Database Layer: Check your Connection Pool. Hardware: Use all your cores (Replicas). If you want to try the API, I published it on RapidAPI as Micro-Social API . https://rapidapi.com/ismamed4/api/micro-social Happy coding! 🚀 Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Olivia John Olivia John Olivia John Follow Curious about what makes apps succeed (or fail). Sharing lessons from real-world performance stories. Pronouns She/Her Joined Jun 24, 2025 • Jan 13 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great article! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse nicomedina Follow Hello im a Uruguayan Developer and im a person who always want to search, learn, and adapt new habit or skills in me. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Tapajyoti Bose Posted on Nov 28, 2021 • Edited on Mar 1, 2025 Redux vs Context API: When to use them # redux # react # javascript # webdev The simplest way to pass data from a parent to a child in a React Application is by passing it on to the child's props . But an issue arises when a deeply nested child requires data from a component higher up in the tree . If we pass on the data through the props , every single one of the children would be required to accept the data and pass it on to its child , leading to prop drilling , a terrible practice in the world of React. To solve the prop drilling issue, we have State Management Solutions like Context API and Redux. But which one of them is best suited for your application? Today we are going to answer this age-old question! What is the Context API? Let's check the official documentation: In a typical React application, data is passed top-down (parent to child) via props, but such usage can be cumbersome for certain types of props (e.g. locale preference, UI theme) that are required by many components within an application. Context provides a way to share values like these between components without having to explicitly pass a prop through every level of the tree. Context API is a built-in React tool that does not influence the final bundle size, and is integrated by design. To use the Context API , you have to: Create the Context const Context = createContext ( MockData ); Create a Provider for the Context const Parent = () => { return ( < Context . Provider value = { initialValue } > < Children /> < /Context.Provider > ) } Consume the data in the Context const Child = () => { const contextData = useContext ( Context ); // use the data // ... } So What is Redux? Of course, let's head over to the documentation: Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript apps. It helps you write applications that behave consistently, run in different environments (client, server, and native), and are easy to test. On top of that, it provides a great developer experience, such as live code editing combined with a time-traveling debugger. You can use Redux together with React, or with any other view library. It is tiny (2kB, including dependencies), but has a large ecosystem of addons available. Redux is an Open Source Library which provides a central store , and actions to modify the store . It can be used with any project using JavaScript or TypeScript , but since we are comparing it to Context API , so we will stick to React-based Applications . To use Redux you need to: Create a Reducer import { createSlice } from " @reduxjs/toolkit " ; export const slice = createSlice ({ name : " slice-name " , initialState : { // ... }, reducers : { func01 : ( state ) => { // ... }, } }); export const { func01 } = slice . actions ; export default slice . reducer ; Configure the Store import { configureStore } from " @reduxjs/toolkit " ; import reducer from " ./reducer " ; export default configureStore ({ reducer : { reducer : reducer } }); Make the Store available for data consumption import React from ' react ' ; import ReactDOM from ' react-dom ' ; import { Provider } from ' react-redux ' ; import App from ' ./App.jsx ' import store from ' ./store ' ; ReactDOM . render ( < Provider store = { store } > < App /> < /Provider> , document . getElementById ( " root " ) ); Use State or Dispatch Actions import { useSelector , useDispatch } from ' react-redux ' ; import { func01 } from ' ./redux/reducer ' ; const Component = () => { const reducerState = useSelector (( state ) => state . reducer ); const dispatch = useDispatch (); const doSomething = () = > dispatch ( func01 ) return ( <> { /* ... */ } < / > ); } export default Component ; That's all Phew! As you can see, Redux requires way more work to get it set up. Comparing Redux & Context API Context API Redux Built-in tool that ships with React Additional installation Required, driving up the final bundle size Requires minimal Setup Requires extensive setup to integrate it with a React Application Specifically designed for static data, that is not often refreshed or updated Works like a charm with both static and dynamic data Adding new contexts requires creation from scratch Easily extendible due to the ease of adding new data/actions after the initial setup Debugging can be hard in highly nested React Component Structure even with Dev Tool Incredibly powerful Redux Dev Tools to ease debugging UI logic and State Management Logic are in the same component Better code organization with separate UI logic and State Management Logic From the table, you must be able to comprehend where the popular opinion Redux is for large projects & Context API for small ones come from. Both are excellent tools for their own specific niche, Redux is overkill just to pass data from parent to child & Context API truly shines in this case. When you have a lot of dynamic data Redux got your back! So you no longer have to that guy who goes: Wrapping Up In this article, we went through what is Redux and Context API and their differences. We learned, Context API is a light-weight solution which is more suited for passing data from a parent to a deeply nested child and Redux is a more robust State Management solution . Happy Developing! Thanks for reading Need a Top Rated Software Development Freelancer to chop away your development woes? Contact me on Upwork Want to see what I am working on? Check out my Personal Website and GitHub Want to connect? Reach out to me on LinkedIn Follow my blogs for bi-weekly new Tidbits on Medium FAQ These are a few commonly asked questions I get. So, I hope this FAQ section solves your issues. I am a beginner, how should I learn Front-End Web Dev? Look into the following articles: Front End Buzz words Front End Development Roadmap Front End Project Ideas Transition from a Beginner to an Intermediate Frontend Developer Would you mentor me? Sorry, I am already under a lot of workload and would not have the time to mentor anyone. Top comments (38) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You are referring to a style of Redux there that is not the recommended style of writing Redux for over two years now. Modern Redux looks very differently and is about 1/4 of the code. It does not use switch..case reducers, ACTION_TYPES or createStore and is a lot easier to set up than what you are used to. I'd highly recommend going through the official Redux tutorial and maybe updating this article afterwards. Like comment: Like comment: 41 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Nov 28 '21 • Edited on Nov 28 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for pointing it out, please take a look now Its great to have one of the creators of Redux reviewing my article! Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Now the Redux portion looks okay for me - as for the comparison, I'd still say it doesn't 100% stand as the two examples just do very different things - the Context example only takes initialValue from somewhere and passes it down the tree, but you don't even have code to change that value ever in the future. So if you add code for that (and also pass down an option to change that data), you will probably already here get to a point where the Context is already more code than the Redux solution. Like comment: Like comment: 9 likes Like Thread Thread Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I'm not entirely sure whether I agree on this point. Using context with data update would only take 4 more lines: Function in Mock data useState in the Parent Update handler in initialValue Using the update handler in the Child Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide In the end, it usually ends up as quite some more code - see kentcdodds.com/blog/how-to-use-rea... for example. But just taking your examples side by side: Usage in the component is pretty much the same amount of code. In both cases you need to wrap the app in a Provider (you forgot that in the context examples above) creating a slice and creating the Provider wrapper pretty much abstract the same logic - but in a slice, you can use mutating logic, so as soon as you get to more complex data manipulation, the slice will be significantly shorter That in the end leaves the configureStore call - and that are three lines. You will probably save more code by using createSlice vs manually writing a Provider. Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Thread Thread Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Nov 29 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide But I had added the Provider in the Context example 😐 You are talking about using useReducer hook with the Context API . I am suggesting that if one is required to modify the data, one should definitely opt for Redux . In case only sharing the data with the Child Components is required, Context would be a better solution Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Thread Thread Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 29 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yeah, but you are not using the Parent anywhere, which is kinda equivalent to using the Provider in Redux, kinda making it look like one step less for Context ;) As for the "not using useReducer " - seems like I read over that - in that case I 100% agree. :) Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Thread Thread Dan Dan Dan Follow Been coding on and off as a hobby for 5 years now and commercially - as a freelancer, on and off - for 1 year. Joined Oct 6, 2023 • Oct 6 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide "I am suggesting that if one is required to modify the data, one should definitely opt for Redux." - can you elaborate? What specific advantages Redux has over using reducers with useReducer in React? Thanks! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Oct 6 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide @gottfried-dev The problem is not useReducer , which is great for component-local state, but Context, which has no means of subscribing to parts of an object, so as soon as you have any complicated value in your context (which you probably have if you need useReducer), any change to any sub-property will rerender every consumer, if it is interested in the change or not. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mangor1no Mangor1no Mangor1no Follow I need a sleep. https://www.russdev.net Location Hanoi, VN Education FPT University Work Front end Engineer at JUST.engineer Joined Nov 27, 2020 • Nov 29 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I myself really don't like using redux toolkit. Feel like I have more control when using the old way Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 29 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Which part of it exactly is taking control away? Oh, btw.: if it is only one of those "I need the control only 10% of the time" cases - you can always mix both styles. RTK is just Redux, there is absolutely no magic going on that would prevent a mix of RTK reducers and hand-written reducers. Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Philipp Renoth Philipp Renoth Philipp Renoth Follow 🦀 Rust, ⬢ node.js and 🌋 Vulkan Email renoth@aitch.de Location Germany Work Software Engineer at ConSol Consulting & Solutions Software GmbH Joined May 5, 2021 • Nov 30 '21 • Edited on Nov 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Referring to your example, I can write a blog post, too: Context API vs. ES6 import Context API is too complicated. I can simply import MockData from './mockData' and use it in any component. Context API has 10 lines, import only 1 line. Then you can write another blog post Redux vs. ES6 import . There are maybe projects which need to mutate data want smart component updates want time-travel for debugging want a solid plugin concept for global state management And then there are devs reading blogs about using redux is too complicated and end up introducing their own concepts and ideas around the Context API without knowing one thing about immutable data optimizations and so on. You can use a react context to solve problems that are also being solved by redux, but some features and optimizations are not that easy for homegrown solutions. I mean try it out - it's a great exercise to understand why you should maybe use redux in your production code or stick to a simpler solution that has less features at all. I'm not saying, that you should use redux in every project, but redux is not just some stupid boilerplate around the Context API => if you need global state utils check out the libs built for it. There are also others than redux. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand roggc roggc roggc Follow React and React Native developer Email roggc9@gmail.com Location Barcelona Joined Oct 26, 2019 • Jun 8 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hello, I have developed a library, react-context-slices which allows to manage state through Context easily and quickly. It has 0 boilerplate. You can define slices of Context and fetch them with a unique hook, useSlice , which acts either as a useState or useReducer hook, depending on if you defined a reducer or not for the slice of Context you are fetching. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Follow Software Developer | Content Creator | AI, Tech, Programming Location London, UK Education Bachelor Degree Computer Science Work Software Developer Joined Feb 11, 2020 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Redux used to be my first choice for large applications but these days I much prefer to use the Context API. Still good to know Redux though just in case and many projects and companies still require you to know it. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nishant Tilve Nishant Tilve Nishant Tilve Follow An aspiring Web Developer, an amateur Game Developer, and an AI/ML enthusiast. Involved in the pursuit of finding my niche. Email nishanttilve@gmail.com Location Goa, India Work Student Joined May 20, 2020 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Also, if you need to maintain some sort of complex state for any mid-level project, you can still create your own reducer using React's Context API itself, before reaching out for redux and adding external dependencies to your project initially. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Kayeeec Kayeeec Kayeeec Follow Education Masters degree in Informatics Joined Feb 9, 2022 • Mar 30 '22 • Edited on Mar 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide But you might take a performance hit. Redux seems to be better performance-wise when you intend to update the shared data a lot - see stackoverflow.com/a/66972857/7677851 . If used correctly that is. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand adam-biggs adam-biggs adam-biggs Follow Location Toronto, Ontario Education University of Waterloo Work Full Stack Developer + Talent Acquisition Specialist Joined Oct 21, 2022 • Oct 27 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide One of the best and most overlooked alternatives to Redux is to use React's own built-in Context API. Context API provides a different approach to tackling the data flow problem between React’s deeply nested components. Context has been around with React for quite a while, but it has changed significantly since its inception. Up to version 16.3, it was a way to handle the state data outside the React component tree. It was an experimental feature not recommended for most use cases. Initially, the problem with legacy context was that updates to values that were passed down with context could be “blocked” if a component skipped rendering through the shouldComponentUpdate lifecycle method. Since many components relied on shouldComponentUpdate for performance optimizations, the legacy context was useless for passing down plain data. The new version of Context API is a dependency injection mechanism that allows passing data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually at every level. The most important thing here is that, unlike Redux, Context API is not a state management system. Instead, it’s a dependency injection mechanism where you manage a state in a React component. We get a state management system when using it with useContext and useReducer hooks. A great next step to learning more is to read this article by Andy Fernandez: scalablepath.com/react/context-api... Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mohammad Jawad (Kasir) Barati Mohammad Jawad (Kasir) Barati Mohammad Jawad (Kasir) Barati Follow Love to work with cutting edge technologies and on my journey to learn and teach. Having a can-do attitude and being industrious are the reasons why I question the status quo an venture in the unknown Email node.js.developers.kh@gmail.com Location Bremen, Germany Education Bachelor Pronouns He/Him/His Work Fullstack Engineer Joined Mar 13, 2021 • May 29 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Can you give me some explanation to what you meant when you wrote Context is DI. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lohit Peesapati Lohit Peesapati Lohit Peesapati Follow A polymath developer curious about solving problems, and building products that bring comfort and convenience to users. Location Hyderabad Work Full Stack Product Developer at Rudra labs Joined Mar 4, 2019 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I found Redux to be easier to setup and work with than Context API. I migrated a library I was building in Redux to context API and reused most of the reducer logic, but the amount of optimization and debugging I had to do to make the same functionality work was a nightmare in Context. It made me appreciate Redux more and I switched back to save time. It was a good learning to know the specific use case and limitations of context. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I too am a huge fan of redux for most projects! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Salah Eddine Lalami Salah Eddine Lalami Salah Eddine Lalami Follow Hi I'm Salah Eddine Lalami , Senior Software Developer @ IDURARAPP.COM Location Remote Work Senior Software Developer at IDURAR Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Sep 2 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide @ IDURAR , we use react context api for all UI parts , and we keep our data layer inside redux . Here Article about : 🚀 Mastering Advanced Complex React useContext with useReducer ⭐ (Redux like Style) ⭐ : dev.to/idurar/mastering-advanced-c... Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Shakil Ahmed Shakil Ahmed Shakil Ahmed Follow MERN Stack High-Performance Applications at Your Service! React | Node | Express | MongoDB Location Savar, Dhaka Joined Jan 22, 2021 • Dec 4 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Exciting topic! 🚀 I love exploring the nuances of state management in React, and finding the sweet spot between Redux and Context API for optimal performance and simplicity. What factors do you prioritize when making the choice? 🤔 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Upride Network Upride Network Upride Network Follow Building Next-Gen Mobility Tech! Location Bengaluru, India Joined May 21, 2023 • Jan 30 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, We have build out site in react: upride.in , which tech stack should be better in 2024 as we want to do a complete revamp for faster loading. if anyone can help for our site that how we can make progress. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (38 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 More from Tapajyoti Bose 9 tricks that separate a pro Typescript developer from an noob 😎 # programming # javascript # typescript # beginners 7 skill you must know to call yourself HTML master in 2025 🚀 # webdev # programming # html # beginners 11 Interview Questions You Should Know as a React Native Developer in 2025 📈🚀 # react # reactnative # javascript # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Right menu COLORS: SSIO - Ich Bin Raus | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 29 '25 COLORS: SSIO - Ich Bin Raus | A COLORS SHOW # hiphop # livestreaming # streaming # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read NPR Music: SEVENTEEN: Tiny Desk Concert Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 28 '25 NPR Music: SEVENTEEN: Tiny Desk Concert # livestreaming # hiphop # production Comments Add Comment 1 min read Trash Theory: Exploring Tricky & Maxinquaye: The 90s Bowie? | New British Canon Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 21 '25 Trash Theory: Exploring Tricky & Maxinquaye: The 90s Bowie? | New British Canon # hiphop # indie Comments Add Comment 1 min read Created an AI Music Video for Chroma Awards Shuvodip Ray Shuvodip Ray Shuvodip Ray Follow Nov 12 '25 Created an AI Music Video for Chroma Awards # ai # rap # musicals # hiphop 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read COLORS: Bashy | A COLORS ENCORE Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Sep 16 '25 COLORS: Bashy | A COLORS ENCORE # hiphop # streaming # livestreaming # distribution Comments Add Comment 1 min read COLORS: Anik Khan - Infinite NETIC (ft. 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Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Beck_Moulton Posted on Jan 13 Stop Sending Sensitive Data to the Cloud: Build a Local-First Mental Health AI with WebLLM # privacy # typescript # webgpu # webllm In an era where data breaches are common, privacy in Edge AI has moved from a "nice-to-have" to a "must-have," especially in sensitive fields like healthcare. If you've ever worried about your private conversations being used to train a massive corporate model, you're not alone. Today, we are exploring the frontier of Privacy-preserving AI by building a medical Q&A bot that runs entirely on the client side. By leveraging WebLLM , WebGPU , and TVM Unity , we can now execute large language models directly in the browser. This means the dialogue never leaves the user's device, providing a truly decentralized and secure experience. For those looking to scale these types of high-performance implementations, I highly recommend checking out the WellAlly Tech Blog for more production-ready patterns on enterprise-grade AI deployment. The Architecture: Why WebGPU? Traditional AI apps send a request to a server (Python/FastAPI), which queries a GPU (NVIDIA A100), and sends a JSON response back. This "Client-Server" model is the privacy killer. Our "Local-First" approach uses WebGPU , the next-gen graphics API for the web, to tap into the user's hardware directly. graph TD subgraph User_Device [User Browser / Device] A[React UI Layer] -->|Dispatch| B[WebLLM Worker] B -->|Request Execution| C[TVM Unity Runtime] C -->|Compute Kernels| D[WebGPU API] D -->|Inference| E[VRAM / GPU Hardware] E -->|Streaming Text| B B -->|State Update| A end F((Public Internet)) -.->|Static Assets & Model Weights| A F -.->|NO PRIVATE DATA SENT| A Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Prerequisites Before we dive in, ensure you have a browser that supports WebGPU (Chrome 113+ or Edge). Framework : React (Vite template) Language : TypeScript AI Engine : @mlc-ai/web-llm Core Tech : WebGPU & TVM Unity Step 1: Initializing the Engine Running an LLM in a browser requires significant memory management. We use a Web Worker to ensure the UI doesn't freeze while the model is "thinking." // engine.ts import { CreateMLCEngine , MLCEngineConfig } from " @mlc-ai/web-llm " ; const modelId = " Llama-3-8B-Instruct-v0.1-q4f16_1-MLC " ; // Lightweight quantized model export async function initializeEngine ( onProgress : ( p : number ) => void ) { const engine = await CreateMLCEngine ( modelId , { initProgressCallback : ( report ) => { onProgress ( Math . round ( report . progress * 100 )); console . log ( report . text ); }, }); return engine ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 2: Creating the Privacy-First Chat Hook In a medical context, the system prompt is critical. We need to instruct the model to behave as a supportive assistant while maintaining strict safety boundaries. // useChat.ts import { useState } from ' react ' ; import { initializeEngine } from ' ./engine ' ; export const useChat = () => { const [ engine , setEngine ] = useState < any > ( null ); const [ messages , setMessages ] = useState < { role : string , content : string }[] > ([]); const startConsultation = async () => { const instance = await initializeEngine (( p ) => console . log ( `Loading: ${ p } %` )); setEngine ( instance ); // Set the System Identity for Mental Health await instance . chat . completions . create ({ messages : [{ role : " system " , content : " You are a private, empathetic mental health assistant. Your goal is to listen and provide support. You do not store data. If a user is in danger, provide emergency resources immediately. " }], }); }; const sendMessage = async ( input : string ) => { const newMessages = [... messages , { role : " user " , content : input }]; setMessages ( newMessages ); const reply = await engine . chat . completions . create ({ messages : newMessages , }); setMessages ([... newMessages , reply . choices [ 0 ]. message ]); }; return { messages , sendMessage , startConsultation }; }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 3: Optimizing for Performance (TVM Unity) The magic behind WebLLM is TVM Unity , which compiles models into highly optimized WebGPU kernels. This allows us to run models like Llama-3 or Mistral at impressive tokens-per-second on a standard Macbook or high-end Windows laptop. If you are dealing with advanced production scenarios—such as model sharding or custom quantization for specific medical datasets—the team at WellAlly Tech has documented extensive guides on optimizing WebAssembly runtimes for maximum throughput. Step 4: Building the React UI A simple, clean interface is best for mental health applications. We want the user to feel calm and secure. // ChatComponent.tsx import React , { useState } from ' react ' ; import { useChat } from ' ./useChat ' ; export const MentalHealthBot = () => { const { messages , sendMessage , startConsultation } = useChat (); const [ input , setInput ] = useState ( "" ); return ( < div className = "p-6 max-w-2xl mx-auto border rounded-xl shadow-lg bg-white" > < h2 className = "text-2xl font-bold mb-4" > Shielded Mind AI 🛡️ </ h2 > < p className = "text-sm text-gray-500 mb-4" > Status: < span className = "text-green-500" > Local Only (Encrypted by Hardware) </ span ></ p > < div className = "h-96 overflow-y-auto mb-4 p-4 bg-gray-50 rounded" > { messages . map (( m , i ) => ( < div key = { i } className = { `mb-2 ${ m . role === ' user ' ? ' text-blue-600 ' : ' text-gray-800 ' } ` } > < strong > { m . role === ' user ' ? ' You: ' : ' AI: ' } </ strong > { m . content } </ div > )) } </ div > < div className = "flex gap-2" > < input className = "flex-1 border p-2 rounded" value = { input } onChange = { ( e ) => setInput ( e . target . value ) } placeholder = "How are you feeling today?" /> < button onClick = { () => { sendMessage ( input ); setInput ( "" ); } } className = "bg-purple-600 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded hover:bg-purple-700" > Send </ button > </ div > < button onClick = { startConsultation } className = "mt-4 text-xs text-gray-400 underline" > Initialize Secure WebGPU Engine </ button > </ div > ); }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Challenges & Solutions Model Size : Downloading a 4GB-8GB model to a browser is the biggest hurdle. Solution : Use IndexedDB caching so the user only downloads the model once. VRAM Limits : Mobile devices may struggle with large context windows. Solution : Implement sliding window attention and aggressive 4-bit quantization. Cold Start : The initial "Loading" phase can take time. Solution : Use a skeleton screen and explain that this process ensures their privacy. Conclusion By moving the "brain" of our AI from the cloud to the user's browser, we've created a psychological safe space that is literally impossible for hackers to intercept at the server level. WebLLM and WebGPU are turning browsers into powerful AI engines. Want to dive deeper into Edge AI security , LLM Quantization , or WebGPU performance tuning ? Head over to the WellAlly Tech Blog where we break down the latest advancements in local-first software architecture. What do you think? Would you trust a local-only AI more than ChatGPT for sensitive topics? Let me know in the comments below! 👇 Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Beck_Moulton Follow Joined Aug 22, 2022 More from Beck_Moulton Private & Fast: Building a Browser-Based Dermatology Screener with WebLLM and WebGPU # privacy # ai # web # webdev Federated Learning or Bust: Architecting Privacy-First Health AI # machinelearning # architecture # privacy # devops Why Your Health Data Belongs on Your Device (Not the Cloud): A Local-First Manifesto # architecture # privacy # offlinefirst # database 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Weekly Top 7 Follow Hide Every Tuesday we round up the previous week's top posts based on our editorial team feedback, traffic, and engagement! The typical week starts on Saturday and ends on Friday. Create Post submission guidelines This tag is moderated by the admins of DEV. Please do not add #top7 to your own posts. Older #top7 posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Scaling Headless Browsers: Managing Contexts vs. Instances Lalit Mishra Lalit Mishra Lalit Mishra Follow Jan 7 Scaling Headless Browsers: Managing Contexts vs. Instances # webscraping # selenium # playwright # top7 Comments Add Comment 7 min read Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week Jess Lee Jess Lee Jess Lee Follow for The DEV Team Jan 6 Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week # discuss # top7 24 reactions Comments 13 comments 2 min read Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week Jess Lee Jess Lee Jess Lee Follow for The DEV Team Dec 30 '25 Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week # discuss # top7 24 reactions Comments 4 comments 2 min read Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week Jess Lee Jess Lee Jess Lee Follow for The DEV Team Dec 23 '25 Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week # discuss # top7 33 reactions Comments 7 comments 2 min read Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week Jess Lee Jess Lee Jess Lee Follow for The DEV Team Dec 9 '25 Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week # discuss # top7 91 reactions Comments 10 comments 2 min read Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week Jess Lee Jess Lee Jess Lee Follow for The DEV Team Dec 16 '25 Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week # 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discuss # top7 39 reactions Comments 14 comments 2 min read AIMFM (Artificial Intelligence Multi-Featured Miracle): An AI-Based Feedback and Suggestion Framework for Engineers Pushkar Gautam 'Aryan' Pushkar Gautam 'Aryan' Pushkar Gautam 'Aryan' Follow Oct 8 '25 AIMFM (Artificial Intelligence Multi-Featured Miracle): An AI-Based Feedback and Suggestion Framework for Engineers # webdev # godotengine # ai # top7 Comments Add Comment 4 min read Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week Jess Lee Jess Lee Jess Lee Follow for The DEV Team Oct 14 '25 Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week # discuss # top7 35 reactions Comments 7 comments 2 min read Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week Jess Lee Jess Lee Jess Lee Follow for The DEV Team Oct 21 '25 Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week # discuss # top7 27 reactions Comments 3 comments 2 min read Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week Jess Lee Jess Lee Jess Lee Follow for The DEV Team Sep 30 '25 Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week # discuss # top7 28 reactions Comments 3 comments 2 min read Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week Jess Lee Jess Lee Jess Lee Follow for The DEV Team Sep 23 '25 Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week # discuss # top7 30 reactions Comments 6 comments 2 min read 🚀 How I Built 5 Projects in 30 Days as a 12-Year-Old Developer Menula De Silva Menula De Silva Menula De Silva Follow Sep 20 '25 🚀 How I Built 5 Projects in 30 Days as a 12-Year-Old Developer # webdev # top7 # javascript # beginners 11 reactions Comments 2 comments 1 min read Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week dev.to staff dev.to staff dev.to staff Follow for The DEV Team Sep 8 '25 Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week # discuss # top7 37 reactions Comments 8 comments 2 min read Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week Jess Lee Jess Lee Jess Lee Follow for The DEV Team Oct 7 '25 Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week # discuss # top7 17 reactions Comments 6 comments 2 min read Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week dev.to staff dev.to staff dev.to staff Follow for The DEV Team Sep 2 '25 Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week # discuss # top7 25 reactions Comments 9 comments 2 min read Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week Jess Lee Jess Lee Jess Lee Follow for The DEV Team Sep 16 '25 Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week # 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https://music.forem.com/t/digital | Digital - Music Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Music Forem Close # digital Follow Hide bits & streaming bytes Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Why *Dhurandhar* Movie Songs Feel So Awesome 🎶 Prasoon Jadon Prasoon Jadon Prasoon Jadon Follow Jan 6 Why *Dhurandhar* Movie Songs Feel So Awesome 🎶 # indie # ambientmusic # digital # classical 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read COLORS: Silvana Estrada - Un Rayo De Luz | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Dec 8 '25 COLORS: Silvana Estrada - Un Rayo De Luz | A COLORS SHOW # indie # livestreaming # streaming # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read Andrew Huang: If you're not using envelope followers, you're missing out Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 30 '25 Andrew Huang: If you're not using envelope followers, you're missing out # production # digital # diy Comments Add Comment 1 min read COLORS: SSIO - Ich Bin Raus | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 29 '25 COLORS: SSIO - Ich Bin Raus | A COLORS SHOW # hiphop # livestreaming # streaming # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read COLORS: Gabriel Jacoby - be careful | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 28 '25 COLORS: Gabriel Jacoby - be careful | A COLORS SHOW # indie # livestreaming # streaming # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read Andrew Huang: Don't sleep on envelope followers! 8 creative uses Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 28 '25 Andrew Huang: Don't sleep on envelope followers! 8 creative uses # production # diy # digital 4 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read COLORS: MARO - SO MUCH HAS CHANGED | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 27 '25 COLORS: MARO - SO MUCH HAS CHANGED | A COLORS SHOW # indie # livestreaming # streaming # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🎵 Free Music Publish & Distribution Guide (Using RouteNote) Ravir Scott Ravir Scott Ravir Scott Follow Dec 18 '25 🎵 Free Music Publish & Distribution Guide (Using RouteNote) # indie # production # livestreaming # digital 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Rick Beato: My European Tour Recap! Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 14 '25 Rick Beato: My European Tour Recap! # livestreaming # production # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read 8-Bit Music Theory: Analyzing why people like funk || Marvel vs Capcom 2 Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 6 '25 8-Bit Music Theory: Analyzing why people like funk || Marvel vs Capcom 2 # digital # production 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read COLORS: Aya Nakamura - Kouma | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 6 '25 COLORS: Aya Nakamura - Kouma | A COLORS SHOW # streaming # livestreaming # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read Cercle: Kaz James - On Fire (Live Version) | Cercle Odyssey Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Oct 28 '25 Cercle: Kaz James - On Fire (Live Version) | Cercle Odyssey # streaming # livestreaming # production # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read Can AI compose truly new music? Exploring the promise and limits Polina Elizarova Polina Elizarova Polina Elizarova Follow Nov 18 '25 Can AI compose truly new music? Exploring the promise and limits # indie # production # digital # theory 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Rick Beato: Jahari Stampley... I've Never Heard Playing Like This! Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 19 '25 Rick Beato: Jahari Stampley... I've Never Heard Playing Like This! # indie # livestreaming # digital 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read What distributor do you use? Mikey Dorje Mikey Dorje Mikey Dorje Follow Nov 11 '25 What distributor do you use? # discuss # indie # distribution # digital 7 reactions Comments 4 comments 1 min read Rick Beato: This AI Song Just Went Number 1...FOR REAL Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 14 '25 Rick Beato: This AI Song Just Went Number 1...FOR REAL # digital # production # distribution Comments 2 comments 1 min read Andrew Huang: The most innovative music tools of 2025! Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Sep 26 '25 Andrew Huang: The most innovative music tools of 2025! # production # digital # streaming 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read 8-Bit Music Theory: Live Transcribe Stean Gardens from Super Mario Odyssey Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Sep 19 '25 8-Bit Music Theory: Live Transcribe Stean Gardens from Super Mario Odyssey # livestreaming # production # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read Cercle: Two Lanes - Signs of Change (Live Version) | Cercle Odyssey Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Sep 18 '25 Cercle: Two Lanes - Signs of Change (Live Version) | Cercle Odyssey # digital # livestreaming # distribution # production Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Japanese Breakfast - Honey Water (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Sep 12 '25 KEXP: Japanese Breakfast - Honey Water (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read COLORS: Anik Khan - Infinite NETIC (ft. Netic) | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Sep 10 '25 COLORS: Anik Khan - Infinite NETIC (ft. Netic) | A COLORS SHOW # hiphop # streaming # livestreaming # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read Rick Beato: This Changes How You See the Entire Guitar Neck Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Aug 30 '25 Rick Beato: This Changes How You See the Entire Guitar Neck # livestreaming # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read Rick Beato: Am I The Only One Who Gives A Sh*t? Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Aug 27 '25 Rick Beato: Am I The Only One Who Gives A Sh*t? # digital # production Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Sofie Royer - Tennis Bracelet (feat. Rebounder) (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Aug 25 '25 KEXP: Sofie Royer - Tennis Bracelet (feat. Rebounder) (Live on KEXP) # livestreaming # digital # indie # production Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Sofie Royer - Feeling Bad Forsyth Street (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Aug 25 '25 KEXP: Sofie Royer - Feeling Bad Forsyth Street (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... trending guides/resources COLORS: MARO - SO MUCH HAS CHANGED | A COLORS SHOW COLORS: Gabriel Jacoby - be careful | A COLORS SHOW COLORS: SSIO - Ich Bin Raus | A COLORS SHOW COLORS: Silvana Estrada - Un Rayo De Luz | A COLORS SHOW COLORS: Aya Nakamura - Kouma | A COLORS SHOW Rick Beato: My European Tour Recap! Andrew Huang: If you're not using envelope followers, you're missing out 8-Bit Music Theory: Analyzing why people like funk || Marvel vs Capcom 2 Rick Beato: Jahari Stampley... I've Never Heard Playing Like This! Why *Dhurandhar* Movie Songs Feel So Awesome 🎶 🎵 Free Music Publish & Distribution Guide (Using RouteNote) Rick Beato: This AI Song Just Went Number 1...FOR REAL Andrew Huang: Don't sleep on envelope followers! 8 creative uses What distributor do you use? Can AI compose truly new music? Exploring the promise and limits 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Music Forem — From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Music Forem © 2025 - 2026. We're a place dedicated to discussing all things music - composing, producing, performing, and all the fun and not-fun things in-between. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:11 |
https://music.forem.com/t/indie | Indie - Music Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Music Forem Close # indie Follow Hide independent spirit, lo-fi vibes Create Post Older #indie posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Why *Dhurandhar* Movie Songs Feel So Awesome 🎶 Prasoon Jadon Prasoon Jadon Prasoon Jadon Follow Jan 6 Why *Dhurandhar* Movie Songs Feel So Awesome 🎶 # indie # ambientmusic # digital # classical 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read COLORS: Silvana Estrada - Un Rayo De Luz | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Dec 8 '25 COLORS: Silvana Estrada - Un Rayo De Luz | A COLORS SHOW # indie # livestreaming # streaming # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read NPR Music: Annie DiRusso: Tiny Desk Concert Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Dec 8 '25 NPR Music: Annie DiRusso: Tiny Desk Concert # indie # livestreaming # streaming 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Jembaa Groove - Dabia / Namo (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 29 '25 KEXP: Jembaa Groove - Dabia / Namo (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production # streaming Comments Add Comment 1 min read COLORS: Gabriel Jacoby - be careful | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 28 '25 COLORS: Gabriel Jacoby - be careful | A COLORS SHOW # indie # livestreaming # streaming # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Jembaa Groove - Dabia / Namo (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 28 '25 KEXP: Jembaa Groove - Dabia / Namo (Live on KEXP) # livestreaming # production # indie Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Frankie Rose - Moon In My Mind (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 28 '25 KEXP: Frankie Rose - Moon In My Mind (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production # streaming Comments Add Comment 1 min read COLORS: MARO - SO MUCH HAS CHANGED | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 27 '25 COLORS: MARO - SO MUCH HAS CHANGED | A COLORS SHOW # indie # livestreaming # streaming # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read NPR Music: Ghost-Note: Tiny Desk Concert Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 22 '25 NPR Music: Ghost-Note: Tiny Desk Concert # indie # livestreaming # production # streaming Comments Add Comment 1 min read COLORS: Teedra Moses - Be Your Girl | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 22 '25 COLORS: Teedra Moses - Be Your Girl | A COLORS SHOW # indie # streaming # livestreaming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Trash Theory: Exploring Tricky & Maxinquaye: The 90s Bowie? | New British Canon Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 21 '25 Trash Theory: Exploring Tricky & Maxinquaye: The 90s Bowie? | New British Canon # hiphop # indie Comments Add Comment 1 min read NPR Music: Goo Goo Dolls: Tiny Desk Concert Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 21 '25 NPR Music: Goo Goo Dolls: Tiny Desk Concert # indie # livestreaming # streaming Comments Add Comment 1 min read NPR Music: Pulp: Tiny Desk Concert Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 17 '25 NPR Music: Pulp: Tiny Desk Concert # indie # livestreaming # streaming Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: SE SO NEON - Twit Winter (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 18 '25 KEXP: SE SO NEON - Twit Winter (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production # streaming Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🎵 Free Music Publish & Distribution Guide (Using RouteNote) Ravir Scott Ravir Scott Ravir Scott Follow Dec 18 '25 🎵 Free Music Publish & Distribution Guide (Using RouteNote) # indie # production # livestreaming # digital 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read KEXP: HARU NEMURI - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 13 '25 KEXP: HARU NEMURI - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production Comments Add Comment 1 min read COLORS: Rogér Fakhr - Fine Anyway | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 14 '25 COLORS: Rogér Fakhr - Fine Anyway | A COLORS SHOW # indie # livestreaming # streaming Comments Add Comment 1 min read NPR Music: Kris Davis Trio: Tiny Desk Concert Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 12 '25 NPR Music: Kris Davis Trio: Tiny Desk Concert # indie # streaming Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Dominique Fils Aimé - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 13 '25 KEXP: Dominique Fils Aimé - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production Comments Add Comment 1 min read Rick Beato: The Wolfgang Van Halen Interview Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 6 '25 Rick Beato: The Wolfgang Van Halen Interview # indie # production # diy Comments Add Comment 1 min read NPR Music: The Beaches: Tiny Desk Concert Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 5 '25 NPR Music: The Beaches: Tiny Desk Concert # indie # streaming # livestreaming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Rick Beato: Live Tour Update from Norway Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Oct 31 '25 Rick Beato: Live Tour Update from Norway # livestreaming # production # indie # diy Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Die Spitz - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 4 '25 KEXP: Die Spitz - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Orcutt Shelley Miller - An L.A Funeral (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 1 '25 KEXP: Orcutt Shelley Miller - An L.A Funeral (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production # streaming Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: King Stingray - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Oct 25 '25 KEXP: King Stingray - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production # streaming Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... trending guides/resources NPR Music: The Beaches: Tiny Desk Concert NPR Music: Pulp: Tiny Desk Concert KEXP: SE SO NEON - Twit Winter (Live on KEXP) NPR Music: Goo Goo Dolls: Tiny Desk Concert Trash Theory: Exploring Tricky & Maxinquaye: The 90s Bowie? | New British Canon COLORS: Teedra Moses - Be Your Girl | A COLORS SHOW NPR Music: Ghost-Note: Tiny Desk Concert COLORS: MARO - SO MUCH HAS CHANGED | A COLORS SHOW KEXP: Frankie Rose - Moon In My Mind (Live on KEXP) KEXP: Jembaa Groove - Dabia / Namo (Live on KEXP) COLORS: Gabriel Jacoby - be careful | A COLORS SHOW KEXP: Jembaa Groove - Dabia / Namo (Live on KEXP) COLORS: Silvana Estrada - Un Rayo De Luz | A COLORS SHOW Rick Beato: Live Tour Update from Norway KEXP: Orcutt Shelley Miller - An L.A Funeral (Live on KEXP) KEXP: Die Spitz - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) Rick Beato: The Wolfgang Van Halen Interview NPR Music: Kris Davis Trio: Tiny Desk Concert KEXP: Dominique Fils Aimé - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) KEXP: HARU NEMURI - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Music Forem — From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Music Forem © 2025 - 2026. We're a place dedicated to discussing all things music - composing, producing, performing, and all the fun and not-fun things in-between. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:11 |
https://dev.to/koshirok096/bun-bite-size-article-192m#comments | Bun (Bite-size Article) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse koshirok096 Posted on Oct 17, 2024 Bun (Bite-size Article) # bunjs # node # backend Introduction In my previous article , I wrote about Hono , and following that, I recently started learning about a new JavaScript runtime called Bun . Until now, it has been common to use Node.js for backend development, so learning about this new runtime, Bun, has felt very refreshing. Although I am still a beginner and my understanding may not be complete, I wanted to share this as a personal note and as a resource for others who might be interested in Bun but have not yet explored it much. While the content may lack some details, I hope you find it informative and inspiring. What is Bun? Bun is a new JavaScript and TypeScript runtime that developed in 2022, serving as a platform for running JavaScript on the server-side, similar to Node.js and Deno . Because of this, it has gained attention as a potential competitor or alternative to these existing runtimes. However, Bun is not just a simple replacement for Node.js. It is a multifunctional toolkit designed to handle the entire JavaScript workflow — from development, testing, and execution to bundling — all within a single tool. This comprehensive approach sets Bun apart, providing a more integrated solution for a wide range of development needs compared to other runtimes. Moreover, as a newer player, Bun leverages its late entry to the market by incorporating significant optimizations in terms of performance and speed. Specifically, it aims to outperform existing runtimes in areas like module loading and script execution speed. For example, Bun natively supports TypeScript and minimizes the need for transpilation, offering a more efficient development environment . Thus, Bun positions itself as more than just a "server-side JavaScript runtime"; it aims to be a next-generation tool that covers the entire development process. In the future, with increased adoption by the developer community and the continued growth of its ecosystem, Bun has the potential to make a significant impact on the landscape of JavaScript runtimes. Tip: Definition of a JavaScript Runtime A JavaScript runtime broadly refers to an environment that allows JavaScript or TypeScript to be executed. This enables JavaScript to run in various contexts, including in the browser, on server-side platforms, and in command-line tools. Typically, JavaScript runs inside browsers like Chrome or Firefox, using their built-in JavaScript engines (e.g., the V8 engine in Chrome and SpiderMonkey in Firefox). This makes browsers the primary runtime environment for JavaScript, allowing it to be executed only within the browser itself. However, JavaScript runtimes like Node.js, Deno, and Bun are built on these engines and extend them to enable JavaScript to run outside of the browser . They add additional features to these engines, making it possible to use JavaScript in broader applications such as server-side programs, automation scripts, and command-line interface (CLI) tools. As a result, JavaScript can be used not only for front-end development but also as a powerful option for back-end development and other areas, establishing itself as a versatile scripting language that goes beyond the boundaries of traditional web development. In this way, a JavaScript runtime is not limited to just browser execution; it can operate in a variety of environments, making it suitable for many different types of development. Setup In this article, I’ll be walking you through the initial setup steps as an introduction. 1. Installation Let's start by installing Bun. Simply run the following command in your terminal to set it up: curl -fsSL https://bun.sh/install | bash Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode After the installation is complete, use bun -v to check the version and ensure that it was successfully installed. 2. Creating a New Project When starting a new project, use the bun init command. By running the following command, a basic setup will be automatically created for you: bun init my-app cd my-app Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Building a Simple Server Next, let’s build a simple server using Bun. Save the following code as index.ts, and then run bun run index.ts to start the server: import { serve } from " bun " ; serve ({ fetch ( req ) { return new Response ( “ Hola , Bun ! " ); }, port: 3000, }); console.log( " Server is running at http : //localhost:3000"); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode When you access http://localhost:3000 in your browser, you should see "Hola, Bun!" displayed! Tip: TypeScript As you might have noticed from the setup steps above, Bun natively supports TypeScript and JSX , allowing you to use TypeScript and JSX without needing a separate transpiler (as demonstrated by using the index.ts file in our example). This is currently one of my favorite features of Bun. In contrast, Node.js cannot directly run TypeScript. To use TypeScript in Node.js, you need to convert .ts files into .js files using some method, such as ts-node or compiling them with tsc . While you can set up TypeScript in Node.js with these tools, Bun’s ability to run TypeScript directly makes development much more convenient and straightforward. Conclusion In this article, I covered the initial setup of Bun and demonstrated how to create a simple sample application. While the content was introductory and may have felt somewhat basic, I hope it provided a good overview of Bun’s core features and usage. In more advanced projects, you’ll likely encounter scenarios where you compare Bun with other established JavaScript runtimes like Node.js. As for myself, I’m still in the process of experimenting with Bun, especially in terms of its performance and potential advantages over traditional runtimes. Moving forward, I plan to continue exploring Bun further. If I discover any new insights or use cases, I’ll be sure to share them in future articles. Thank you for your continued support, and I look forward to sharing more updates! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse koshirok096 Follow College Student / Frontend Developer / Web Designer / Photographer Location Vancouver, Canada Joined May 24, 2021 More from koshirok096 Easy and Fast API Development with Bun and Hono: A Simple Project in 5 Minutes # bunjs # hono # beginners Quick Start with Hono: Simple Setup Guide (Bite-sized article) # backend # api # webdev # javascript Session Management Basics with Redis # redis # backend # webdev 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Beginners Follow Hide "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step." -Chinese Proverb Create Post submission guidelines UPDATED AUGUST 2, 2019 This tag is dedicated to beginners to programming, development, networking, or to a particular language. Everything should be geared towards that! For Questions... Consider using this tag along with #help, if... You are new to a language, or to programming in general, You want an explanation with NO prerequisite knowledge required. You want insight from more experienced developers. Please do not use this tag if you are merely new to a tool, library, or framework. See also, #explainlikeimfive For Articles... Posts should be specifically geared towards true beginners (experience level 0-2 out of 10). 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Older #beginners posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu The Rise of Low-Code and No-Code Development Ravish Kumar Ravish Kumar Ravish Kumar Follow Jan 11 The Rise of Low-Code and No-Code Development # beginners # productivity # softwaredevelopment # tooling Comments Add Comment 3 min read Linux File & Directory Operations for DevOps — v1.0 Chetan Tekam Chetan Tekam Chetan Tekam Follow Jan 11 Linux File & Directory Operations for DevOps — v1.0 # beginners # linux # cloud # devops Comments Add Comment 2 min read HTML-101 #5. Text Formatting, Quotes & Code Formatting Himanshu Bhatt Himanshu Bhatt Himanshu Bhatt Follow Jan 11 HTML-101 #5. 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JEON HYUNJUN JEON HYUNJUN JEON HYUNJUN Follow Jan 11 #1-2) 조건문은 결국 사전 처방이다. # beginners # python # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read Vim Mode: Edit Prompts at the Speed of Thought Rajesh Royal Rajesh Royal Rajesh Royal Follow Jan 10 Vim Mode: Edit Prompts at the Speed of Thought # tutorial # claudecode # productivity # beginners Comments Add Comment 4 min read Accelerate Fluid Simulator Aditya Singh Aditya Singh Aditya Singh Follow Jan 10 Accelerate Fluid Simulator # simulation # programming # beginners # learning Comments Add Comment 3 min read Level 1 - Foundations #1. Client-Server Model Himanshu Bhatt Himanshu Bhatt Himanshu Bhatt Follow Jan 11 Level 1 - Foundations #1. Client-Server Model # systemdesign # distributedsystems # tutorial # beginners 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read System Design in Real Life: Why Ancient Museums are actually Microservices? Tyrell Wellicq Tyrell Wellicq Tyrell Wellicq Follow Jan 10 System Design in Real Life: Why Ancient Museums are actually Microservices? # discuss # systemdesign # architecture # beginners 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 2 min read Angular Pipes Explained — From Basics to Custom Pipes (With Real Examples) ROHIT SINGH ROHIT SINGH ROHIT SINGH Follow Jan 11 Angular Pipes Explained — From Basics to Custom Pipes (With Real Examples) # beginners # tutorial # typescript # angular Comments Add Comment 2 min read Bug Bounty Hunting in 2026 krlz krlz krlz Follow Jan 11 Bug Bounty Hunting in 2026 # security # bugbounty # tutorial # beginners Comments Add Comment 4 min read Hello dev.to 👋 I’m Ekansh — Building in Public with Web & AI Ekansh | Web & AI Developer Ekansh | Web & AI Developer Ekansh | Web & AI Developer Follow Jan 11 Hello dev.to 👋 I’m Ekansh — Building in Public with Web & AI # discuss # ai # beginners # webdev Comments Add Comment 1 min read Adding a Missing Warning Note Favoured Anuanatata Favoured Anuanatata Favoured Anuanatata Follow Jan 10 Adding a Missing Warning Note # help # beginners # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read Python Dictionary Views Are Live (And It Might Break Your Code) Samuel Ochaba Samuel Ochaba Samuel Ochaba Follow Jan 10 Python Dictionary Views Are Live (And It Might Break Your Code) # python # programming # webdev # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read Checklist for Promoting Your App: A Step-by-Step Guide That Works Isa Akharume Isa Akharume Isa Akharume Follow Jan 10 Checklist for Promoting Your App: A Step-by-Step Guide That Works # promotingyourapp # webdev # programming # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read What Clients ACTUALLY Want From Frontend Devs (Not Clean Code) Laurina Ayarah Laurina Ayarah Laurina Ayarah Follow Jan 10 What Clients ACTUALLY Want From Frontend Devs (Not Clean Code) # webdev # career # beginners # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 9 min read Handling Pagination in Scrapy: Scrape Every Page Without Breaking Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Follow Jan 10 Handling Pagination in Scrapy: Scrape Every Page Without Breaking # webdev # programming # python # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 8 min read AWS Cheat Sheet Varalakshmi Varalakshmi Varalakshmi Follow Jan 10 AWS Cheat Sheet # aws # beginners # cloud Comments Add Comment 1 min read # Inside Git: How It Works and the Role of the `.git` Folder saiyam gupta saiyam gupta saiyam gupta Follow Jan 10 # Inside Git: How It Works and the Role of the `.git` Folder # architecture # beginners # git 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Metrics + Logs = Zero Panic in Production 🚨 Taverne Tech Taverne Tech Taverne Tech Follow Jan 10 Metrics + Logs = Zero Panic in Production 🚨 # beginners # programming # devops # go Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building Custom Composite Components with STDF in Svelte Lucas Bennett Lucas Bennett Lucas Bennett Follow Jan 10 Building Custom Composite Components with STDF in Svelte # webdev # programming # javascript # beginners Comments Add Comment 7 min read Interactive Program Developement - Semester Project Aleena Mubashar Aleena Mubashar Aleena Mubashar Follow Jan 10 Interactive Program Developement - Semester Project # discuss # programming # beginners # computerscience Comments 1 comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://reactjs.org/blog/2019/02/06/react-v16.8.0.html#can-i-use-hooks-today | React v16.8: The One With Hooks – React Blog We want to hear from you! Take our 2021 Community Survey! This site is no longer updated. Go to react.dev React Docs Tutorial Blog Community v 18.2.0 Languages GitHub React v16.8: The One With Hooks February 06, 2019 by Dan Abramov This blog site has been archived. Go to react.dev/blog to see the recent posts. With React 16.8, React Hooks are available in a stable release! What Are Hooks? Hooks let you use state and other React features without writing a class. You can also build your own Hooks to share reusable stateful logic between components. If you’ve never heard of Hooks before, you might find these resources interesting: Introducing Hooks explains why we’re adding Hooks to React. Hooks at a Glance is a fast-paced overview of the built-in Hooks. Building Your Own Hooks demonstrates code reuse with custom Hooks. Making Sense of React Hooks explores the new possibilities unlocked by Hooks. useHooks.com showcases community-maintained Hooks recipes and demos. You don’t have to learn Hooks right now. Hooks have no breaking changes, and we have no plans to remove classes from React. The Hooks FAQ describes the gradual adoption strategy. No Big Rewrites We don’t recommend rewriting your existing applications to use Hooks overnight. Instead, try using Hooks in some of the new components, and let us know what you think. Code using Hooks will work side by side with existing code using classes. Can I Use Hooks Today? Yes! Starting with 16.8.0, React includes a stable implementation of React Hooks for: React DOM React DOM Server React Test Renderer React Shallow Renderer Note that to enable Hooks, all React packages need to be 16.8.0 or higher . Hooks won’t work if you forget to update, for example, React DOM. React Native will support Hooks in the 0.59 release . Tooling Support React Hooks are now supported by React DevTools. They are also supported in the latest Flow and TypeScript definitions for React. We strongly recommend enabling a new lint rule called eslint-plugin-react-hooks to enforce best practices with Hooks. It will soon be included into Create React App by default. What’s Next We described our plan for the next months in the recently published React Roadmap . Note that React Hooks don’t cover all use cases for classes yet but they’re very close . Currently, only getSnapshotBeforeUpdate() and componentDidCatch() methods don’t have equivalent Hooks APIs, and these lifecycles are relatively uncommon. If you want, you should be able to use Hooks in most of the new code you’re writing. Even while Hooks were in alpha, the React community created many interesting examples and recipes using Hooks for animations, forms, subscriptions, integrating with other libraries, and so on. We’re excited about Hooks because they make code reuse easier, helping you write your components in a simpler way and make great user experiences. We can’t wait to see what you’ll create next! Testing Hooks We have added a new API called ReactTestUtils.act() in this release. It ensures that the behavior in your tests matches what happens in the browser more closely. We recommend to wrap any code rendering and triggering updates to your components into act() calls. Testing libraries can also wrap their APIs with it (for example, react-testing-library ’s render and fireEvent utilities do this). For example, the counter example from this page can be tested like this: import React from 'react' ; import ReactDOM from 'react-dom' ; import { act } from 'react-dom/test-utils' ; import Counter from './Counter' ; let container ; beforeEach ( ( ) => { container = document . createElement ( 'div' ) ; document . body . appendChild ( container ) ; } ) ; afterEach ( ( ) => { document . body . removeChild ( container ) ; container = null ; } ) ; it ( 'can render and update a counter' , ( ) => { // Test first render and effect act ( ( ) => { ReactDOM . render ( < Counter /> , container ) ; } ) ; const button = container . querySelector ( 'button' ) ; const label = container . querySelector ( 'p' ) ; expect ( label . textContent ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 0 times' ) ; expect ( document . title ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 0 times' ) ; // Test second render and effect act ( ( ) => { button . dispatchEvent ( new MouseEvent ( 'click' , { bubbles : true } ) ) ; } ) ; expect ( label . textContent ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 1 times' ) ; expect ( document . title ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 1 times' ) ; } ) ; The calls to act() will also flush the effects inside of them. If you need to test a custom Hook, you can do so by creating a component in your test, and using your Hook from it. Then you can test the component you wrote. To reduce the boilerplate, we recommend using react-testing-library which is designed to encourage writing tests that use your components as the end users do. Thanks We’d like to thank everybody who commented on the Hooks RFC for sharing their feedback. We’ve read all of your comments and made some adjustments to the final API based on them. Installation React React v16.8.0 is available on the npm registry. To install React 16 with Yarn, run: yarn add react@^16.8.0 react-dom@^16.8.0 To install React 16 with npm, run: npm install --save react@^16.8.0 react-dom@^16.8.0 We also provide UMD builds of React via a CDN: < script crossorigin src = " https://unpkg.com/react@16/umd/react.production.min.js " > </ script > < script crossorigin src = " https://unpkg.com/react-dom@16/umd/react-dom.production.min.js " > </ script > Refer to the documentation for detailed installation instructions . ESLint Plugin for React Hooks Note As mentioned above, we strongly recommend using the eslint-plugin-react-hooks lint rule. If you’re using Create React App, instead of manually configuring ESLint you can wait for the next version of react-scripts which will come out shortly and will include this rule. Assuming you already have ESLint installed, run: # npm npm install eslint-plugin-react-hooks --save-dev # yarn yarn add eslint-plugin-react-hooks --dev Then add it to your ESLint configuration: { "plugins" : [ // ... "react-hooks" ] , "rules" : { // ... "react-hooks/rules-of-hooks" : "error" } } Changelog React Add Hooks — a way to use state and other React features without writing a class. ( @acdlite et al. in #13968 ) Improve the useReducer Hook lazy initialization API. ( @acdlite in #14723 ) React DOM Bail out of rendering on identical values for useState and useReducer Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14569 ) Don’t compare the first argument passed to useEffect / useMemo / useCallback Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14594 ) Use Object.is algorithm for comparing useState and useReducer values. ( @Jessidhia in #14752 ) Support synchronous thenables passed to React.lazy() . ( @gaearon in #14626 ) Render components with Hooks twice in Strict Mode (DEV-only) to match class behavior. ( @gaearon in #14654 ) Warn about mismatching Hook order in development. ( @threepointone in #14585 and @acdlite in #14591 ) Effect clean-up functions must return either undefined or a function. All other values, including null , are not allowed. @acdlite in #14119 React Test Renderer Support Hooks in the shallow renderer. ( @trueadm in #14567 ) Fix wrong state in shouldComponentUpdate in the presence of getDerivedStateFromProps for Shallow Renderer. ( @chenesan in #14613 ) Add ReactTestRenderer.act() and ReactTestUtils.act() for batching updates so that tests more closely match real behavior. ( @threepointone in #14744 ) ESLint Plugin: React Hooks Initial release . ( @calebmer in #13968 ) Fix reporting after encountering a loop. ( @calebmer and @Yurickh in #14661 ) Don’t consider throwing to be a rule violation. ( @sophiebits in #14040 ) Hooks Changelog Since Alpha Versions The above changelog contains all notable changes since our last stable release (16.7.0). As with all our minor releases , none of the changes break backwards compatibility. If you’re currently using Hooks from an alpha build of React, note that this release does contain some small breaking changes to Hooks. We don’t recommend depending on alphas in production code. We publish them so we can make changes in response to community feedback before the API is stable. Here are all breaking changes to Hooks that have been made since the first alpha release: Remove useMutationEffect . ( @sophiebits in #14336 ) Rename useImperativeMethods to useImperativeHandle . ( @threepointone in #14565 ) Bail out of rendering on identical values for useState and useReducer Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14569 ) Don’t compare the first argument passed to useEffect / useMemo / useCallback Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14594 ) Use Object.is algorithm for comparing useState and useReducer values. ( @Jessidhia in #14752 ) Render components with Hooks twice in Strict Mode (DEV-only). ( @gaearon in #14654 ) Improve the useReducer Hook lazy initialization API. ( @acdlite in #14723 ) Is this page useful? Edit this page Recent Posts React Labs: What We've Been Working On – June 2022 React v18.0 How to Upgrade to React 18 React Conf 2021 Recap The Plan for React 18 Introducing Zero-Bundle-Size React Server Components React v17.0 Introducing the New JSX Transform React v17.0 Release Candidate: No New Features React v16.13.0 All posts ... Docs Installation Main Concepts Advanced Guides API Reference Hooks Testing Contributing FAQ Channels GitHub Stack Overflow Discussion Forums Reactiflux Chat DEV Community Facebook Twitter Community Code of Conduct Community Resources More Tutorial Blog Acknowledgements React Native Privacy Terms Copyright © 2025 Meta Platforms, Inc. | 2026-01-13T08:49:11 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Mateus Malaquias Software Engineer, animal lover, technology enthusiast (Nodejs, Kotlin, Spring Boot, Kubernetes and AWS), a fan of Nintendo and Pixar studios. Location São Paulo, Brazil Joined Joined on Jun 12, 2019 Personal website https://malaquias.dev github website twitter website Six Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least six years. Got it Close Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. 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Got it Close More info about @malaquiasdev Organizations Training Center CollabCode Post 17 posts published Comment 3 comments written Tag 29 tags followed Quarkus Testing: @QuarkusTest vs @QuarkusIntegrationTest Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Follow Dec 15 '25 Quarkus Testing: @QuarkusTest vs @QuarkusIntegrationTest # quarkus # java # testing # kotlin Comments Add Comment 3 min read Want to connect with Mateus Malaquias? Create an account to connect with Mateus Malaquias. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in [Quick Fix] Hibernate: object references an unsaved transient instance Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Follow Dec 8 '25 [Quick Fix] Hibernate: object references an unsaved transient instance # java # hibernate # springboot # quarkus 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How JWT, JWS, and JWE Secure Your Data? Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Follow Feb 14 '25 How JWT, JWS, and JWE Secure Your Data? # webdev # backend # beginners # security 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Tilde or Caret in package.json - Stop copying and start choosing Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Follow Feb 26 '24 Tilde or Caret in package.json - Stop copying and start choosing # node # npm # yarn 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to solve error parsing HTTP request header in Spring Boot Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Follow Feb 13 '24 How to solve error parsing HTTP request header in Spring Boot # java # kotlin # spring # springboot 29 reactions Comments 3 comments 1 min read When I prefer use when then if-else in Kotlin Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Follow Feb 5 '24 When I prefer use when then if-else in Kotlin # kotlin # programming # cleancode 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why I like to use Early Returns Pattern? Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Follow Oct 7 '22 Why I like to use Early Returns Pattern? # beginners # node # javascript # programming 6 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read Lombok: Fixing SonarQube coverage problem Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Follow Oct 13 '21 Lombok: Fixing SonarQube coverage problem # java # devops # testing 17 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Lombok: Corrigindo problema de cobertura de código no SonarQube Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Follow Oct 6 '21 Lombok: Corrigindo problema de cobertura de código no SonarQube # java # devops # testing 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Weekly Edição 1 Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Follow Feb 28 '21 Weekly Edição 1 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Publicando pacotes privados do NPM no Nexus repository Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Follow for CollabCode Jun 23 '20 Publicando pacotes privados do NPM no Nexus repository # npm # node # devops 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read O Guia dos Serverless das Galáxias #3 - Entendendo o ciclo de vida de uma função lambda Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Follow for CollabCode May 5 '20 O Guia dos Serverless das Galáxias #3 - Entendendo o ciclo de vida de uma função lambda # aws # serverless # cloud # devops 20 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Tmux para iniciantes Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Follow for CollabCode Jan 26 '20 Tmux para iniciantes # tmux # terminal # productivity # tutorial 71 reactions Comments 2 comments 8 min read Gerenciando kits de desenvolvimento Java, Kotlin e Clojure facilmente com o SDKMAN Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Follow for CollabCode Sep 27 '19 Gerenciando kits de desenvolvimento Java, Kotlin e Clojure facilmente com o SDKMAN # java # kotlin # clojure # linux 13 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read O Guia dos Serverless das Galaxias - #2 - Como chegamos até aqui? Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Follow for CollabCode Jul 26 '19 O Guia dos Serverless das Galaxias - #2 - Como chegamos até aqui? # aws # serverless 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Você já pode atualizar suas AWS Lambdas para o Node.js 10 LTS Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Follow for CollabCode Jun 30 '19 Você já pode atualizar suas AWS Lambdas para o Node.js 10 LTS # node # aws # serverless 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read O Guia dos Serverless das Galaxias - #1 - Introdução Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Mateus Malaquias Follow for CollabCode Jun 16 '19 O Guia dos Serverless das Galaxias - #1 - Introdução # aws # serverless 17 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/ruppysuppy/5-projects-to-master-front-end-development-57p | 5 projects to master Front End Development - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Tapajyoti Bose Posted on Jun 6, 2021 • Edited on Mar 1, 2025 5 projects to master Front End Development # javascript # webdev # programming # ux If you are starting on the journey to becoming a Front End Developer, once you get the basics down, you might want to make projects as the best way to learn any skill is to try making something hands-on. This article is for anyone trying to take their skills to the next level, as well as for people who is at a loss for project ideas. Here are five project ideas to help you out, according to no order. 1. Real-Time Chat App A Real-Time chat application sends and shows messages to a recipient instantly without any page refresh. This is a very lucrative project to have in your portfolio as it showcases that you have experience working with real-time data as well as authentication. If you are a Full-Stack Developer, you might also want to create the backend for the application for some extra brownie points in the eyes of the person checking it out. Demo Web-app: https://smartsapp-ba40f.firebaseapp.com ruppysuppy / SmartsApp 💬📱 An End to End Encrypted Cross Platform messenger app. Smartsapp A fully cross-platform messenger app with End to End Encryption (E2EE) . Demo NOTE: The features shown in the demo is not exhaustive. Only the core features are showcased in the demo. Platforms Supported Desktop: Windows, Linux, MacOS Mobile: Android, iOS Website: Any device with a browser Back-end Setup The back-end of the app is handled by Firebase . Basic Setup Go to firebase console and create a new project with the name Smartsapp Enable Google Analylitics App Setup Create an App for the project from the overview page Copy and paste the configurations in the required location (given in the readme of the respective apps) Auth Setup Go to the project Authentication section Select Sign-in method tab Enable Email/Password and Google sign in Firestore Setup Go to the project Firestore section Create firestore provisions for the project (choose the server nearest to your location) Go to the Rules … View on GitHub 2. E-Commerce Store E-commerce stores allow users to buy and sell goods or services using the internet and transfers money and data to execute these transactions. This project also involves authentication as well as keeping track of a user's previous orders, cart, etc resulting in a complex project, which tells the viewer you can solve complex development problems. Demo Web-app: https://pizza-man-61510.web.app/ ruppysuppy / Pizza-Man 🍕🛒 An e-commerce website to order pizza online Pizza Man Project An E-Commerce website for ordering Pizza Online Demo NOTE: The features shown in the demo is not exhaustive. Only the core features are showcased in the demo. Tools used React: To create the Single Page App React-Router: For Routing Redux: For State Management Firebase: As a DataBase Firebase Setup You need to create a firebase configeration file holding the firebase settings in the path /src/firebase/config.js . The required format is: const firebaseConfig = { apiKey : "API-KEY" , authDomain : "AUTH-DOMAIN.firebaseapp.com" , databaseURL : "DATABASE-URL.firebaseio.com" , projectId : "PROJECT-ID" , storageBucket : "STORAGE-BUCKET.appspot.com" , messagingSenderId : "MESSAGING-SENDER-ID" , appId : "APP-ID" , measurementId : "MEASUREMENT-ID" , } ; export default firebaseConfig ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Data needs to be stored in the following format: [ { name : "CATEGORY NAME" , items : [ { desc : "PIZZA DESCRIPTION" , id : "ID" , img : "IMAGE LINK" , name … Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode View on GitHub 3. Weather Report App A Weather Report App provides the user with current weather details and forecasts as well for the future. This project is probably the easiest one on the list. You only need to use a third-party API like Open Weather Map or Weather API . It shows the viewer that you can work with external APIs. Demo ruppysuppy / The-WeatherMan-Project 🌞☁️ Get Local and International weather forecasts from the most accurate Weather Forecasting Technology featuring up to the minute Weather Reports. THE WEATHER MAN PROJECT This is a simple Django project which displays the weather details (current + forecast + previous) of any location in the world. Resources Used Google Places JavaScript API: For the place name auto-completion Open Weather Maps API: For getting the weather details Chart.js: For plotting the charts of previous data AOS: For Animation on Scroll effect How To Use Follow the steps to start the local server on your machine: Enter Your Google API Key (./templates/core/home.html) and Open Weather Maps API KEY (./weather_details/views.py). You receive the key after you make an account in the Google Cloud Platform (and Activate Google Places JavaScript API) and Open Weather Maps Download and install Python 3.x Navigate to the repository folder Open the Terminal/CMD/PowerShell at the location (Shift + Right Click => Run Command Prompt/PowerShell for Windows or Right Click => Run Terminal for Linux based system) Run the Command… View on GitHub 4. Cross-Platform App Cross-Platform Applications are apps developed to function on multiple Operating Systems from the same code base. Being well adapted at Cross-Platform Development is highly in demand these days as companies want to reduce the cost involved in application development, and what's a better way to do it than make an application once and use it on several platforms? Demo ruppysuppy / SmartsApp 💬📱 An End to End Encrypted Cross Platform messenger app. Smartsapp A fully cross-platform messenger app with End to End Encryption (E2EE) . Demo NOTE: The features shown in the demo is not exhaustive. Only the core features are showcased in the demo. Platforms Supported Desktop: Windows, Linux, MacOS Mobile: Android, iOS Website: Any device with a browser Back-end Setup The back-end of the app is handled by Firebase . Basic Setup Go to firebase console and create a new project with the name Smartsapp Enable Google Analylitics App Setup Create an App for the project from the overview page Copy and paste the configurations in the required location (given in the readme of the respective apps) Auth Setup Go to the project Authentication section Select Sign-in method tab Enable Email/Password and Google sign in Firestore Setup Go to the project Firestore section Create firestore provisions for the project (choose the server nearest to your location) Go to the Rules … View on GitHub ruppysuppy / UnHook 💻👨💻 Cross Platform Desktop App to remind you to Unhook yourself from the Screen. UnHook If you are one of the rare breed of people who call themselves programmers, you must have faced the following sitation: You were so busy working, that you forgot to take a break while coding... now your eyes hurt due to the excessive stress on them. The solution? Use UnHook, an app that helps you un-hook yourself from the screen by reminding you to take breaks at the right time. Demo Platforms Windows Linux MacOS Tools/Frameworks Used Electron React Redux (This is an overkill for such a small app, its used for practicing redux + electron integration) How to Use Download and go to the repository location. Install depenencies for main app using npm run install-dependencies Perform either of the following based on the development status of the app you are using PRODUCTION (default): Use npm run build-front-end to build the react app DEVELOPMENT: Use npm run start-front-end to… View on GitHub 5. Personal Portfolio Since you just completed 4 projects mentioned above, you will definitely need a place to showoff how cool your projects are. Personal Portfolio is the go-to place to do just that, you can also list out your experience, achievements, and any other relevant information. If you have a desire to build your personal brand, then a website that can promote your work is a must. This is just the place you can bring out your inner artist and design it to your heart's content. Not an artistic person? Draw ideas from templates or simply use one. Demo Web-app: https://tapajyoti-bose.vercel.app/ NOTE: This is by no means an exhaustive list; feel free to add your ideas in the comments below. Thanks for reading Need a Top Rated Software Development Freelancer to chop away your development woes? Contact me on Upwork Want to see what I am working on? Check out my Personal Website and GitHub Want to connect? Reach out to me on LinkedIn Follow my blogs for bi-weekly new Tidbits on Medium FAQ These are a few commonly asked questions I get. So, I hope this FAQ section solves your issues. I am a beginner, how should I learn Front-End Web Dev? Look into the following articles: Front End Buzz words Front End Development Roadmap Front End Project Ideas Transition from a Beginner to an Intermediate Frontend Developer Would you mentor me? Sorry, I am already under a lot of workload and would not have the time to mentor anyone. Top comments (26) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand izaias izaias izaias Follow Eu sou o que sou e é isso que sou! Location Brasil Work noob at Auxiliar de serviços gerais Joined Jul 16, 2020 • Jun 7 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Show, adoro tudo que aparece aqui, tenho uma ideia para fazer um modelo para kanbam mas não tenho ninguém para me ajuda(se alguém se propor eu aceito) Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Jun 7 '21 • Edited on Jun 7 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I'm sorry but can't understand the language Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand izaias izaias izaias Follow Eu sou o que sou e é isso que sou! Location Brasil Work noob at Auxiliar de serviços gerais Joined Jul 16, 2020 • Jun 8 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Show, I love everything that appears here, I have an idea to make a kanban model but I don't have anyone to help me (if someone proposes, I accept) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand izaias izaias izaias Follow Eu sou o que sou e é isso que sou! Location Brasil Work noob at Auxiliar de serviços gerais Joined Jul 16, 2020 • Jun 8 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide shadowruge.github.io/kanban/ Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Adriano Valadares Adriano Valadares Adriano Valadares Follow Nah! Vamo nessa! Joined Jul 2, 2020 • Jun 7 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Não entendi muito bem sua ideia. Mas parece interessante Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand izaias izaias izaias Follow Eu sou o que sou e é isso que sou! Location Brasil Work noob at Auxiliar de serviços gerais Joined Jul 16, 2020 • Jun 8 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide shadowruge.github.io/kanban/ Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand izaias izaias izaias Follow Eu sou o que sou e é isso que sou! Location Brasil Work noob at Auxiliar de serviços gerais Joined Jul 16, 2020 • Jun 8 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide criar um kanban com html, js, json é para ser bem simples de lidar, vou postar a ideia no github Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Adriano Valadares Adriano Valadares Adriano Valadares Follow Nah! Vamo nessa! Joined Jul 2, 2020 • Jun 8 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Entendi, é tipo um Trello/Jira da vida, certo?! Sempre tive vontade de desenvolver um. Cara, se quiser posso te dar uma ajuda. Não garanto ser muita, mas posso no que for possível. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread izaias izaias izaias Follow Eu sou o que sou e é isso que sou! Location Brasil Work noob at Auxiliar de serviços gerais Joined Jul 16, 2020 • Jun 8 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide github.com/shadowruge Pocha fico feliz obrigado Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lars Ejaas Lars Ejaas Lars Ejaas Follow I love coding and what motivates me is problem-solving and preferably if it has an element of creativity. I am a self-taught developer and work full-time as a front-end developer. Location Denmark 🇩🇰 Education Bachelor in Nutrition and health (I know not super relevant to my current line of work!) Work Frontend developer at AccuRanker Joined Apr 21, 2020 • Jul 5 '21 • Edited on Jul 5 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great article and some solid ideas. I sure learned a lot when I build my own personal portfolio page! I visited your portfolio and really like it! Especially the effects where the articles "move/fade" in looks great! Please check out my portfolio at larsejaas.com/en/ Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GeorgeNeilyo GeorgeNeilyo GeorgeNeilyo Follow Fullstack Developer (Typescript) with expertise in frontend frameworks Next.js located in Denmark Location Denmark Work Frontend Developer at NoniCorp Joined Mar 15, 2019 • Mar 25 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Mate honestly . One of the best portfolio's I ever seen. Well done! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lars Ejaas Lars Ejaas Lars Ejaas Follow I love coding and what motivates me is problem-solving and preferably if it has an element of creativity. I am a self-taught developer and work full-time as a front-end developer. Location Denmark 🇩🇰 Education Bachelor in Nutrition and health (I know not super relevant to my current line of work!) Work Frontend developer at AccuRanker Joined Apr 21, 2020 • Mar 26 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks @georgeneilyo . It is just starting to be a bit outdated. I probably should give it an update soon 😀 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Jul 5 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow! The micro interactions in you portfolio really blew me away! Amazing work!!! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lars Ejaas Lars Ejaas Lars Ejaas Follow I love coding and what motivates me is problem-solving and preferably if it has an element of creativity. I am a self-taught developer and work full-time as a front-end developer. Location Denmark 🇩🇰 Education Bachelor in Nutrition and health (I know not super relevant to my current line of work!) Work Frontend developer at AccuRanker Joined Apr 21, 2020 • Jul 5 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks! I am glad you liked it 😊 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand M-133 M-133 M-133 Follow Work Front End at Front End Joined Jun 7, 2021 • Jun 7 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide what tecnolgy you used to do this??? Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Jun 7 '21 • Edited on Jun 7 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The projects? Real-Time Chat App: react, redux, typescript & firebase (web app) E-Commerce Store: react, redux & firebase Weather Report App: Django (the one in the example is a full stack project) Cross-Platform App: flutter & electron.js (flutter 2.0 & neutrino.js or tauri might be a better choice now) Portfolio: react, redux, typescript, next.js & firebase Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Frank Otabil Amissah Frank Otabil Amissah Frank Otabil Amissah Follow I'm a front-end developer and a tech writer... Email amissahfrank17@gmail.com Location Tema, Ghana Pronouns He,Him Joined Aug 10, 2022 • Mar 22 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Another great project will be a link shortening app with react and bitly. I made a tutorial on building it. If you don't mind you can look it up from my profile. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand chaderenyore chaderenyore chaderenyore Follow Work Junior Fronted Developer Joined Dec 30, 2020 • Jun 12 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I don't like posts like this, they're click baits. since when did Django turn a frontend Language? Not a nice title but your projects are nice though Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Jun 13 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thankyou. A weather report app is generally a front end project. As I had already mentioned, the one in the example is a full stack one Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand chaderenyore chaderenyore chaderenyore Follow Work Junior Fronted Developer Joined Dec 30, 2020 • Jul 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Okay great, thanks for the clarification Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand KUMAR HARSH KUMAR HARSH KUMAR HARSH Follow The best way to learn is to teach.Programmer by Passion and Developer for Fun, and I love sharing my journey with everyone. Education Prefinal Year CSE Undergrad Work Student Joined Jun 1, 2021 • Jun 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I really like your Portfolio website and would like to make one for myself as well. Is there a github repo or a tutorial maybe then please share it. Thanks. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Jun 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks a lot. :) I am planning to write an article on that the next week so stay tuned! Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Chinweike Jude Obiejesi Chinweike Jude Obiejesi Chinweike Jude Obiejesi Follow Project Manager, Wordpress Developer, Developer Relation Email johnboscoobiejesi@gmail.com Location Abuja Nigeria Work Project Manager Techibytes Media Joined Feb 19, 2019 • Jun 7 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Would love to know if you have a GitHub repo for the portfolio Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Jun 8 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I do, but its private for some personal reasons. I'll be sharing how I made it the next week in great detail Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Hassan Hassan Hassan Follow I'm a FULL-STACK programmer [JAVASCRIPT and PHP] Email hasanweb03@gmail.com Location Iran, Zanjan Joined Aug 5, 2019 • Jun 10 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide thanks for offers Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Wilson Morais Freire Wilson Morais Freire Wilson Morais Freire Follow Joined Jun 9, 2021 • Jun 9 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Bacanca as 5 idieas, pena que no git seria só a maneira de ver o pronto se tivesse passo a passo certamente tentaria acompanhar! Vou fazer o meu por Portifólio Pessoal, obrigado pela dica. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (26 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 More from Tapajyoti Bose 9 tricks that separate a pro Typescript developer from an noob 😎 # programming # javascript # typescript # beginners 7 skill you must know to call yourself HTML master in 2025 🚀 # webdev # programming # html # beginners 11 Interview Questions You Should Know as a React Native Developer in 2025 📈🚀 # react # reactnative # javascript # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Gabor Szabo Posted on Dec 21, 2022 • Edited on Sep 22, 2023 Billions of unnecessary files in GitHub # github # programming # python # webdev As I was looking for easy assignments for the Open Source Development Course I found something very troubling which is also an opportunity for a lot of teaching and a lot of practice. Some files don't need to be in git The common sense dictates that we rarely need to include generated files in our git repository. There is no point in keeping them in our version control as they can be generated again. (The exception might be if the generation takes a lot of time or can be done only during certain phases of the moon.) Neither is there a need to store 3rd party libraries in our git repository. Instead of that we store a list of our dependencies with the required version and then we download and install them. (Well, the rightfully paranoid might download and save a copy of every 3rd party library they use to ensure it can never disappear, but you'll see we are not talking about that). .gitignore The way to make sure that neither we nor anyone else adds these files to the git repository by mistake is to create a file called .gitignore , include patterns that match the files we would like to exclude from git and add the .gitignore file to our repository. git will ignore those file. They won't even show up when you run git status . The format of the .gitignore file is described in the documentation of .gitignore . In a nutshell: /output.txt Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore the output.txt file in the root of the project. output.txt Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore output.txt anywhere in the project. (in the root or any subdirectory) *.txt Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore all the files with .txt extension venv Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore the venv folder anywhere in the project. There are more. Check the documentation of .gitignore ! Not knowing about .gitignore Apparently a lot of people using git and GitHub don't know about .gitignore The evidence: Python developers use something called virtualenv to make it easy to use different dependencies in different projects. When they create a virtualenv they usually configure it to install all the 3rd party libraries in a folder called venv . This folder we should not include in git. And yet: There are 452M hits for this search venv In a similar way NodeJS developers install their dependencies in a folder called node_modules . There are 2B responses for this search: node_modules Finally, if you use the Finder applications on macOS and open a folder, it will create an empty(!) file called .DS_Store . This file is really not needed anywhere. And yet I saw many copies of it on GitHub. Unfortunately so far I could not figure out how to search for them. The closest I found is this search . Misunderstanding .gitignore There are also many people who misunderstand the way .gitignore works. I can understand it as the wording of the explanation is a bit ambiguous. What we usually say is that If you'd like to make sure that git will ignore the __pycache__ folder then you need to put it in .gitignore . A better way would be to say this: If you'd like to make sure that git will ignore the __pycache__ folder then you need to put its name in the .gitignore file. Without that people might end up creating a folder called .gitignore and moving all the __pycache__ folder to this .gitignore folder. You can see it in this search Help Can you suggest other common cases of unnecessary files in git that should be ignored? Can you help me creating the search for .DS_store in GitHub? Updates More based on the comments: .o files the result of compilation of C and C++ code: .o .class files the result of compilation of Java code: .class .pyc files are compiled Python code. Usually stored in the __pycache__ folder mentioned earlier: .pyc How to create a .gitignore file? A follow-up post: How to create a .gitignore file? Gabor Szabo ・ Dec 29 '22 #github #gitlab #programming Top comments (51) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Brian Kirkpatrick Brian Kirkpatrick Brian Kirkpatrick Follow Aerospace engineer with a passion for programming, an intrigue for information theory, and a soft spot for space! Location Tustin, California Education Harvey Mudd College Work Chief Mod/Sim Engineer Joined Dec 20, 2019 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Did you know the command git clean -Xfd will remove all files from your project that match the current contents of your .gitignore file? I love this trick. Like comment: Like comment: 82 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand cubiclesocial cubiclesocial cubiclesocial Follow CubicleSoft is a software development company with fantastic software products. What do you need to build next? https://github.com/cubiclesoft Location USA Work Software Developer at CubicleSoft Joined Apr 26, 2020 • Jan 7 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Be careful with this one. Some of my repos have bits and pieces I expressly never commit and are in .gitignore but also don't want to branch/stash those things either. Things like files with sensitive configuration information or credentials in them that exist for development/testing purposes but should never reach GitHub. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Perchun Pak Perchun Pak Perchun Pak Follow Hello there! I'm 15 years old Junior+ Backend/Software developer from Ukraine. See perchun.it for more info. Email dev.to@perchun.it Location Ukraine Work Available for hire. Joined Dec 17, 2022 • Jan 9 '23 • Edited on Jan 9 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Maybe use environment variables in your IDE? Or if you're on Linux, you can set those values automatically when you enter the folder with cd . This is much safer in both situations, you will never commit this data and will never delete it. For e.g. syncing it between devices, use password manager (like BitWarden ). Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Real AI Real AI Real AI Follow Joined Apr 28, 2017 • Feb 1 '23 • Edited on Feb 1 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The thing with repos is that git clean -Xfd should not be dangerous, if it is then you have important information that should be stored elsewhere, NOT on the filesystem. Please learn to use a proper pgpagent or something. The filesystem should really be ephemeral. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread cubiclesocial cubiclesocial cubiclesocial Follow CubicleSoft is a software development company with fantastic software products. What do you need to build next? https://github.com/cubiclesoft Location USA Work Software Developer at CubicleSoft Joined Apr 26, 2020 • Feb 2 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Information has to be stored somewhere. And that means everything winds up stored in a file system somewhere. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Exoutia Exoutia Exoutia Follow A techgeek Education Techno Main Saltlake Work Student Joined Dec 17, 2021 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was just looking for this comman I wanted to remove some of the sqlite files from GitHub Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This won't remove the already committed files from github. It removes the files from your local disk that should not be committed to git. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Arik Arik Arik Follow Software Engineer Location FL Education Self Taught Work Freelance Joined May 26, 2018 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Lifesaver! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Seth Berrier Seth Berrier Seth Berrier Follow Teacher of computer science and game design and development in Western Wisconsin; modern JS and web tech advocate! Location Menomonie, WI Education PhD in Computer Science Work Associate Prof. of Computer Science at University of Wisconsin Stout Joined Oct 28, 2019 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Game engine projects often have very large cache folders that contain auto generated files which should not be checked into repositories. There are well established .gitignore files to help keep these out of GitHub, but people all to often don't use them. For Unity projects, "Library" off the root is a cache (hard to search for that one, it's too generic). For Unreal, "DerivedDataCache" is another ( search link ) There's also visual studio's debug symbol files with extension .pdb. these can get pretty damn big and often show up in repos when they shouldn't: search link Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 23 '22 • Edited on Dec 23 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks! That actually gave me the idea to open the recommended gitignore files and use those as the criteria for searches. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Chris Hansen Chris Hansen Chris Hansen Follow Location Salt Lake City, UT Joined Sep 16, 2019 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide See also gitignore generators like gitignore.io . For example, this generated .gitignore has some interesting ones like *.log and *.tmp . Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Kolja Kolja Kolja Follow Joined Oct 7, 2021 • Dec 21 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Does GitHub really store duplicate files? Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 21 '22 • Edited on Dec 21 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I don't know how github stores the files, but I am primarily interested in the health of each individual project. Having these files stored and then probably updated later will cause misunderstandings and it will make harder to track changes. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Follow I am a programmer with about more than 15 years of experience. I have worked in many programming languages, both as a hobby and professionally. My favorites are Java, Kotlin, PHP, and Python Location Hungary Joined Jan 31, 2022 • Dec 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Duplicate or not, git clone is create them. 😞 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am not sure I understand what you meant by this comment. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Follow I am a programmer with about more than 15 years of experience. I have worked in many programming languages, both as a hobby and professionally. My favorites are Java, Kotlin, PHP, and Python Location Hungary Joined Jan 31, 2022 • Dec 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It doesn't matter if github stores it in duplicate or not, because git clone will create it unnecessarily on the client side. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Right Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Comment deleted Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Jan 7 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am sorry, but it is unclear what you mean by that comment and what does that image refer to? Could you elaborate, please? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Thomas Bnt Thomas Bnt Thomas Bnt Follow French web developer mainly but touches everything. Volunteer admin mod here at DEV. I learn Nuxt at this moment and databases. — Addict to Cappuccino and Music Location France Pronouns He/him Work IAM Consultant @ Ariovis Joined May 5, 2017 • Jan 7 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide He demonstrates how to lighten your open source projects with the use of .gitignore . 👍🏼 At no time does he point at people and tell them that. Why do you think like that? 🤔 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Alex Oladele Alex Oladele Alex Oladele Follow Constantly wanting to learn more Email oladelaa@gmail.com Location Raleigh, NC Education Miami University Work Application Developer at IBM Joined Sep 9, 2017 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I manage a GitHub Enterprise instance for work and this is soooo incredibly important actually. The files you commit to git really build up overtime. Even if you "remove" a file in a subsequent commit, it is still in git history, which means you're still cloning down giant repo history whenever you clone. You might think: "oh well so what? What's the big deal? This is a normal part of the development cycle" Let's couple these large repo clones with automation that triggers multiple times a day. Now let's say that a bunch of other people are also doing automated clones of repos with large git histories. The amount of network traffic that this generates is actually significant and starts to impact performance for everyone . Not to mention that the code has to live on a server somewhere, so its likely costing your company a lot of money just o be able to host it. * General advice whether you're using GitHub Enterprise or not: * Utilize a .gitignore from the start! Be overzealous in adding things to your .gitignore file because its likely safer for you. I use Toptal to generate my gitignores personally If you're committing files or scripts that are larger than 100mb, just go ahead and use git-lfs to commit them. You're minimizing your repo history that way Try to only retain source code in git. Of course there will be times where you need to store images and maybe some documents, but really try to limit the amount of non source-code files that you store in git. Images and other non text-based files can't be diffed with git so they're essentially just reuploaded to git. This builds up very quickly Weirdly enough, making changes to a bunch of minified files can actually be more harmful to git due to the way it diffs. If git has to search for a change in a single line of text, it still has to change that entire (single) line. Having spacing in your code makes it easier to diff things with git since only a small part of the file has to change instead of the entire file. If you pushed a large file to git and realized that you truly do not need it in git, use BFG repo cleaner to remove it from your git history. This WILL mess with your git history, so I wouldn't use it lighty, but its an incredibly powerful and useful tool for completely removing large files from git history. Utilize git-sizer to see how large your repo truly is. Cloning your repo and then looking at the size on disk is probably misleading because its likely not factoring in git history. Review your automation that interacts with your version control platform. Do you really need to clone this repo 10 times an hour? Does it really make a difference to the outcome if you limited it to half that amount? A lot of times you can reduce the number of git operations you're making which just helps the server overall Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mohammad Hosein Balkhani Mohammad Hosein Balkhani Mohammad Hosein Balkhani Follow Eating Pizza ... Location Linux Kernel Education Master of Information Technology ( MBA ) Work Senior Software Engineer at BtcEx Joined Aug 18, 2018 • Dec 25 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was really shocked, i read your article 3 times and opened the node modules search to believe this. Wow GitHub should start to alert this people! Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Darren Cunningham Darren Cunningham Darren Cunningham Follow Cloud Architect, Golang enthusiast, breaker of things Location Columbus, OH Work Engineer at Rhove Joined Nov 13, 2019 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide github.com/community/community#mak... Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Neo Sibanda Neo Sibanda Neo Sibanda Follow Social Enthusiast Social Media Marketer Content Creator Growth Advocate Email neosibanda@gmail.com Location Harare, Zimbabwe Education IMM Graduate School of marketing Work Remote work Joined Dec 19, 2022 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Ignored files are usually build artifacts and machine generated files that can be derived from your repository source or should otherwise not be committed. Some common examples are: dependency caches, such as the contents of /node_modules or /packages. compiled code, such as .o , .pyc , and .class files. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I've updated the article based on your suggestions. Thanks. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Follow Web developer, tinkerer, take-aparterer (and, sometimes, put-back-togetherer) Location Melbourne, Australia Work Front End Developer at Art Processors Joined Jul 23, 2019 • Dec 21 '22 • Edited on Dec 21 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good explanation of .gitgnore Don’t forget those .env files as well! GitHub’s extension search parameter doesn’t require the dot, so your .DS_Store search should work if you make that small change extension:DS_Store https://github.com/search?q=extension%3ADS_Store&type=Code Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ethan Azariah Ethan Azariah Ethan Azariah Follow Hello! I'm a crazy guy with OS-dev interests who sometimes argues for no reason. Trying to kick the habit. ;) Formerly known as Ethan Gardener Joined Jan 7, 2020 • Dec 29 '22 • Edited on Dec 29 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was quite used to configuring everything by text file when I first encountered Git in 2005, but I still needed a little help and a little practice to get used to .gitignore. :) I think the most help was seeing examples in other peoples' projects; that's what usually works for me. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Posandu Posandu Posandu Follow Joined Jun 24, 2021 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The .gitignore folder search link is wrong. It should have the query .gitignore/ not .gitignore https://github.com/search?q=path%3A.gitignore%2F&type=code Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yours looks more correct, but I get the same results for both searches. Currently I get for both searches: 1,386,986 code results Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Posandu Posandu Posandu Follow Joined Jun 24, 2021 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Weird, I get two different results. 🤣 .gitignore/ .gitignore Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You use night-mode and I use day-mode. That must be the explanation. 🤔 Also I have a menu at the top, next to the search box with items such as "Pull requests", "Issues", ... and you don't. Either some configuration or we are on different branches of their AB testing. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jakub Narębski Jakub Narębski Jakub Narębski Follow Location Toruń, Poland Education Ph.D. in Physics Pronouns he/him Work Assistant Professor at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland Joined Jul 30, 2018 • Dec 27 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide There is gitignore.io service that can be used to generate good .gitignore file for the programming language and/or framework that you use, and per-user or per-repository ignore file for the IDE you use. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (51 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Some comments have been hidden by the post's author - find out more Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 More from Gabor Szabo Perl 🐪 Weekly #755 - Does TIOBE help Perl? # perl # news # programming Perl 🐪 Weekly #754 - New Year Resolution # perl # news # programming Perl 🐪 Weekly #753 - Happy New Year! # perl # news # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:11 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Music Forem Close # production Follow Hide studio alchemy Create Post Older #production posts 1 2 3 4 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Andrew Huang: If you're not using envelope followers, you're missing out Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 30 '25 Andrew Huang: If you're not using envelope followers, you're missing out # production # digital # diy Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Jembaa Groove - Dabia / Namo (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 29 '25 KEXP: Jembaa Groove - Dabia / Namo (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production # streaming Comments Add Comment 1 min read NPR Music: SEVENTEEN: Tiny Desk Concert Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 28 '25 NPR Music: SEVENTEEN: Tiny Desk Concert # livestreaming # hiphop # production Comments Add Comment 1 min read Mix with the Masters: Mixing Night with Ken Lewis - 100TH SHOW - 12/3/25 Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 27 '25 Mix with the Masters: Mixing Night with Ken Lewis - 100TH SHOW - 12/3/25 # livestreaming # production Comments Add Comment 1 min read Andrew Huang: Don't sleep on envelope followers! 8 creative uses Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 28 '25 Andrew Huang: Don't sleep on envelope followers! 8 creative uses # production # diy # digital 4 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read KEXP: Jembaa Groove - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 28 '25 KEXP: Jembaa Groove - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) # livestreaming # production Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Jembaa Groove - Dabia / Namo (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 28 '25 KEXP: Jembaa Groove - Dabia / Namo (Live on KEXP) # livestreaming # production # indie Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Nate Smith - UNDEFEATED (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 29 '25 KEXP: Nate Smith - UNDEFEATED (Live on KEXP) # livestreaming # production Comments Add Comment 1 min read NPR Music: Robert Plant: Tiny Desk Concert Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 21 '25 NPR Music: Robert Plant: Tiny Desk Concert # livestreaming # monitors # production 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Frankie Rose - Moon In My Mind (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 28 '25 KEXP: Frankie Rose - Moon In My Mind (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production # streaming Comments Add Comment 1 min read NPR Music: Ghost-Note: Tiny Desk Concert Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 22 '25 NPR Music: Ghost-Note: Tiny Desk Concert # indie # livestreaming # production # streaming Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: SE SO NEON - Twit Winter (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 18 '25 KEXP: SE SO NEON - Twit Winter (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production # streaming Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🎵 Free Music Publish & Distribution Guide (Using RouteNote) Ravir Scott Ravir Scott Ravir Scott Follow Dec 18 '25 🎵 Free Music Publish & Distribution Guide (Using RouteNote) # indie # production # livestreaming # digital 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Rick Beato: My European Tour Recap! Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 14 '25 Rick Beato: My European Tour Recap! # livestreaming # production # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: HARU NEMURI - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 13 '25 KEXP: HARU NEMURI - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Dominique Fils Aimé - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 13 '25 KEXP: Dominique Fils Aimé - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production Comments Add Comment 1 min read 8-Bit Music Theory: Analyzing why people like funk || Marvel vs Capcom 2 Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 6 '25 8-Bit Music Theory: Analyzing why people like funk || Marvel vs Capcom 2 # digital # production 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Rick Beato: The Wolfgang Van Halen Interview Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 6 '25 Rick Beato: The Wolfgang Van Halen Interview # indie # production # diy Comments Add Comment 1 min read Why Dark Pop Production Feels So Addictive Luca Luca Luca Follow Dec 1 '25 Why Dark Pop Production Feels So Addictive # production # goth # darkpop # darkrnb 11 reactions Comments 3 comments 5 min read Rick Beato: Live Tour Update from Norway Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Oct 31 '25 Rick Beato: Live Tour Update from Norway # livestreaming # production # indie # diy Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Die Spitz - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 4 '25 KEXP: Die Spitz - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: Orcutt Shelley Miller - An L.A Funeral (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 1 '25 KEXP: Orcutt Shelley Miller - An L.A Funeral (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production # streaming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Cercle: Kaz James - On Fire (Live Version) | Cercle Odyssey Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Oct 28 '25 Cercle: Kaz James - On Fire (Live Version) | Cercle Odyssey # streaming # livestreaming # production # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read KEXP: King Stingray - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Oct 25 '25 KEXP: King Stingray - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production # streaming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Can AI compose truly new music? Exploring the promise and limits Polina Elizarova Polina Elizarova Polina Elizarova Follow Nov 18 '25 Can AI compose truly new music? Exploring the promise and limits # indie # production # digital # theory 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... trending guides/resources KEXP: SE SO NEON - Twit Winter (Live on KEXP) NPR Music: Ghost-Note: Tiny Desk Concert Mix with the Masters: Mixing Night with Ken Lewis - 100TH SHOW - 12/3/25 NPR Music: SEVENTEEN: Tiny Desk Concert KEXP: Frankie Rose - Moon In My Mind (Live on KEXP) KEXP: Jembaa Groove - Dabia / Namo (Live on KEXP) KEXP: Jembaa Groove - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) KEXP: Jembaa Groove - Dabia / Namo (Live on KEXP) KEXP: Nate Smith - UNDEFEATED (Live on KEXP) Rick Beato: Live Tour Update from Norway KEXP: Orcutt Shelley Miller - An L.A Funeral (Live on KEXP) KEXP: Die Spitz - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) Rick Beato: The Wolfgang Van Halen Interview KEXP: Dominique Fils Aimé - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) KEXP: HARU NEMURI - Full Performance (Live on KEXP) Rick Beato: My European Tour Recap! Andrew Huang: If you're not using envelope followers, you're missing out 8-Bit Music Theory: Analyzing why people like funk || Marvel vs Capcom 2 Andrew Huang: S4 2.0 is incredible! 🎵 Free Music Publish & Distribution Guide (Using RouteNote) 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Music Forem — From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Music Forem © 2025 - 2026. We're a place dedicated to discussing all things music - composing, producing, performing, and all the fun and not-fun things in-between. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:11 |
https://dev.to/szabgab/billions-of-unnecessary-files-in-github-i85#help | Billions of unnecessary files in GitHub - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Gabor Szabo Posted on Dec 21, 2022 • Edited on Sep 22, 2023 Billions of unnecessary files in GitHub # github # programming # python # webdev As I was looking for easy assignments for the Open Source Development Course I found something very troubling which is also an opportunity for a lot of teaching and a lot of practice. Some files don't need to be in git The common sense dictates that we rarely need to include generated files in our git repository. There is no point in keeping them in our version control as they can be generated again. (The exception might be if the generation takes a lot of time or can be done only during certain phases of the moon.) Neither is there a need to store 3rd party libraries in our git repository. Instead of that we store a list of our dependencies with the required version and then we download and install them. (Well, the rightfully paranoid might download and save a copy of every 3rd party library they use to ensure it can never disappear, but you'll see we are not talking about that). .gitignore The way to make sure that neither we nor anyone else adds these files to the git repository by mistake is to create a file called .gitignore , include patterns that match the files we would like to exclude from git and add the .gitignore file to our repository. git will ignore those file. They won't even show up when you run git status . The format of the .gitignore file is described in the documentation of .gitignore . In a nutshell: /output.txt Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore the output.txt file in the root of the project. output.txt Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore output.txt anywhere in the project. (in the root or any subdirectory) *.txt Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore all the files with .txt extension venv Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore the venv folder anywhere in the project. There are more. Check the documentation of .gitignore ! Not knowing about .gitignore Apparently a lot of people using git and GitHub don't know about .gitignore The evidence: Python developers use something called virtualenv to make it easy to use different dependencies in different projects. When they create a virtualenv they usually configure it to install all the 3rd party libraries in a folder called venv . This folder we should not include in git. And yet: There are 452M hits for this search venv In a similar way NodeJS developers install their dependencies in a folder called node_modules . There are 2B responses for this search: node_modules Finally, if you use the Finder applications on macOS and open a folder, it will create an empty(!) file called .DS_Store . This file is really not needed anywhere. And yet I saw many copies of it on GitHub. Unfortunately so far I could not figure out how to search for them. The closest I found is this search . Misunderstanding .gitignore There are also many people who misunderstand the way .gitignore works. I can understand it as the wording of the explanation is a bit ambiguous. What we usually say is that If you'd like to make sure that git will ignore the __pycache__ folder then you need to put it in .gitignore . A better way would be to say this: If you'd like to make sure that git will ignore the __pycache__ folder then you need to put its name in the .gitignore file. Without that people might end up creating a folder called .gitignore and moving all the __pycache__ folder to this .gitignore folder. You can see it in this search Help Can you suggest other common cases of unnecessary files in git that should be ignored? Can you help me creating the search for .DS_store in GitHub? Updates More based on the comments: .o files the result of compilation of C and C++ code: .o .class files the result of compilation of Java code: .class .pyc files are compiled Python code. Usually stored in the __pycache__ folder mentioned earlier: .pyc How to create a .gitignore file? A follow-up post: How to create a .gitignore file? Gabor Szabo ・ Dec 29 '22 #github #gitlab #programming Top comments (51) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Brian Kirkpatrick Brian Kirkpatrick Brian Kirkpatrick Follow Aerospace engineer with a passion for programming, an intrigue for information theory, and a soft spot for space! Location Tustin, California Education Harvey Mudd College Work Chief Mod/Sim Engineer Joined Dec 20, 2019 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Did you know the command git clean -Xfd will remove all files from your project that match the current contents of your .gitignore file? I love this trick. Like comment: Like comment: 82 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand cubiclesocial cubiclesocial cubiclesocial Follow CubicleSoft is a software development company with fantastic software products. What do you need to build next? https://github.com/cubiclesoft Location USA Work Software Developer at CubicleSoft Joined Apr 26, 2020 • Jan 7 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Be careful with this one. Some of my repos have bits and pieces I expressly never commit and are in .gitignore but also don't want to branch/stash those things either. Things like files with sensitive configuration information or credentials in them that exist for development/testing purposes but should never reach GitHub. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Perchun Pak Perchun Pak Perchun Pak Follow Hello there! I'm 15 years old Junior+ Backend/Software developer from Ukraine. See perchun.it for more info. Email dev.to@perchun.it Location Ukraine Work Available for hire. Joined Dec 17, 2022 • Jan 9 '23 • Edited on Jan 9 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Maybe use environment variables in your IDE? Or if you're on Linux, you can set those values automatically when you enter the folder with cd . This is much safer in both situations, you will never commit this data and will never delete it. For e.g. syncing it between devices, use password manager (like BitWarden ). Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Real AI Real AI Real AI Follow Joined Apr 28, 2017 • Feb 1 '23 • Edited on Feb 1 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The thing with repos is that git clean -Xfd should not be dangerous, if it is then you have important information that should be stored elsewhere, NOT on the filesystem. Please learn to use a proper pgpagent or something. The filesystem should really be ephemeral. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread cubiclesocial cubiclesocial cubiclesocial Follow CubicleSoft is a software development company with fantastic software products. What do you need to build next? https://github.com/cubiclesoft Location USA Work Software Developer at CubicleSoft Joined Apr 26, 2020 • Feb 2 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Information has to be stored somewhere. And that means everything winds up stored in a file system somewhere. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Exoutia Exoutia Exoutia Follow A techgeek Education Techno Main Saltlake Work Student Joined Dec 17, 2021 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was just looking for this comman I wanted to remove some of the sqlite files from GitHub Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This won't remove the already committed files from github. It removes the files from your local disk that should not be committed to git. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Arik Arik Arik Follow Software Engineer Location FL Education Self Taught Work Freelance Joined May 26, 2018 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Lifesaver! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Seth Berrier Seth Berrier Seth Berrier Follow Teacher of computer science and game design and development in Western Wisconsin; modern JS and web tech advocate! Location Menomonie, WI Education PhD in Computer Science Work Associate Prof. of Computer Science at University of Wisconsin Stout Joined Oct 28, 2019 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Game engine projects often have very large cache folders that contain auto generated files which should not be checked into repositories. There are well established .gitignore files to help keep these out of GitHub, but people all to often don't use them. For Unity projects, "Library" off the root is a cache (hard to search for that one, it's too generic). For Unreal, "DerivedDataCache" is another ( search link ) There's also visual studio's debug symbol files with extension .pdb. these can get pretty damn big and often show up in repos when they shouldn't: search link Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 23 '22 • Edited on Dec 23 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks! That actually gave me the idea to open the recommended gitignore files and use those as the criteria for searches. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Chris Hansen Chris Hansen Chris Hansen Follow Location Salt Lake City, UT Joined Sep 16, 2019 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide See also gitignore generators like gitignore.io . For example, this generated .gitignore has some interesting ones like *.log and *.tmp . Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Kolja Kolja Kolja Follow Joined Oct 7, 2021 • Dec 21 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Does GitHub really store duplicate files? Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 21 '22 • Edited on Dec 21 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I don't know how github stores the files, but I am primarily interested in the health of each individual project. Having these files stored and then probably updated later will cause misunderstandings and it will make harder to track changes. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Follow I am a programmer with about more than 15 years of experience. I have worked in many programming languages, both as a hobby and professionally. My favorites are Java, Kotlin, PHP, and Python Location Hungary Joined Jan 31, 2022 • Dec 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Duplicate or not, git clone is create them. 😞 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am not sure I understand what you meant by this comment. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Follow I am a programmer with about more than 15 years of experience. I have worked in many programming languages, both as a hobby and professionally. My favorites are Java, Kotlin, PHP, and Python Location Hungary Joined Jan 31, 2022 • Dec 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It doesn't matter if github stores it in duplicate or not, because git clone will create it unnecessarily on the client side. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Right Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Comment deleted Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Jan 7 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am sorry, but it is unclear what you mean by that comment and what does that image refer to? Could you elaborate, please? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Thomas Bnt Thomas Bnt Thomas Bnt Follow French web developer mainly but touches everything. Volunteer admin mod here at DEV. I learn Nuxt at this moment and databases. — Addict to Cappuccino and Music Location France Pronouns He/him Work IAM Consultant @ Ariovis Joined May 5, 2017 • Jan 7 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide He demonstrates how to lighten your open source projects with the use of .gitignore . 👍🏼 At no time does he point at people and tell them that. Why do you think like that? 🤔 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Alex Oladele Alex Oladele Alex Oladele Follow Constantly wanting to learn more Email oladelaa@gmail.com Location Raleigh, NC Education Miami University Work Application Developer at IBM Joined Sep 9, 2017 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I manage a GitHub Enterprise instance for work and this is soooo incredibly important actually. The files you commit to git really build up overtime. Even if you "remove" a file in a subsequent commit, it is still in git history, which means you're still cloning down giant repo history whenever you clone. You might think: "oh well so what? What's the big deal? This is a normal part of the development cycle" Let's couple these large repo clones with automation that triggers multiple times a day. Now let's say that a bunch of other people are also doing automated clones of repos with large git histories. The amount of network traffic that this generates is actually significant and starts to impact performance for everyone . Not to mention that the code has to live on a server somewhere, so its likely costing your company a lot of money just o be able to host it. * General advice whether you're using GitHub Enterprise or not: * Utilize a .gitignore from the start! Be overzealous in adding things to your .gitignore file because its likely safer for you. I use Toptal to generate my gitignores personally If you're committing files or scripts that are larger than 100mb, just go ahead and use git-lfs to commit them. You're minimizing your repo history that way Try to only retain source code in git. Of course there will be times where you need to store images and maybe some documents, but really try to limit the amount of non source-code files that you store in git. Images and other non text-based files can't be diffed with git so they're essentially just reuploaded to git. This builds up very quickly Weirdly enough, making changes to a bunch of minified files can actually be more harmful to git due to the way it diffs. If git has to search for a change in a single line of text, it still has to change that entire (single) line. Having spacing in your code makes it easier to diff things with git since only a small part of the file has to change instead of the entire file. If you pushed a large file to git and realized that you truly do not need it in git, use BFG repo cleaner to remove it from your git history. This WILL mess with your git history, so I wouldn't use it lighty, but its an incredibly powerful and useful tool for completely removing large files from git history. Utilize git-sizer to see how large your repo truly is. Cloning your repo and then looking at the size on disk is probably misleading because its likely not factoring in git history. Review your automation that interacts with your version control platform. Do you really need to clone this repo 10 times an hour? Does it really make a difference to the outcome if you limited it to half that amount? A lot of times you can reduce the number of git operations you're making which just helps the server overall Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mohammad Hosein Balkhani Mohammad Hosein Balkhani Mohammad Hosein Balkhani Follow Eating Pizza ... Location Linux Kernel Education Master of Information Technology ( MBA ) Work Senior Software Engineer at BtcEx Joined Aug 18, 2018 • Dec 25 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was really shocked, i read your article 3 times and opened the node modules search to believe this. Wow GitHub should start to alert this people! Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Darren Cunningham Darren Cunningham Darren Cunningham Follow Cloud Architect, Golang enthusiast, breaker of things Location Columbus, OH Work Engineer at Rhove Joined Nov 13, 2019 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide github.com/community/community#mak... Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Neo Sibanda Neo Sibanda Neo Sibanda Follow Social Enthusiast Social Media Marketer Content Creator Growth Advocate Email neosibanda@gmail.com Location Harare, Zimbabwe Education IMM Graduate School of marketing Work Remote work Joined Dec 19, 2022 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Ignored files are usually build artifacts and machine generated files that can be derived from your repository source or should otherwise not be committed. Some common examples are: dependency caches, such as the contents of /node_modules or /packages. compiled code, such as .o , .pyc , and .class files. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I've updated the article based on your suggestions. Thanks. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Follow Web developer, tinkerer, take-aparterer (and, sometimes, put-back-togetherer) Location Melbourne, Australia Work Front End Developer at Art Processors Joined Jul 23, 2019 • Dec 21 '22 • Edited on Dec 21 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good explanation of .gitgnore Don’t forget those .env files as well! GitHub’s extension search parameter doesn’t require the dot, so your .DS_Store search should work if you make that small change extension:DS_Store https://github.com/search?q=extension%3ADS_Store&type=Code Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ethan Azariah Ethan Azariah Ethan Azariah Follow Hello! I'm a crazy guy with OS-dev interests who sometimes argues for no reason. Trying to kick the habit. ;) Formerly known as Ethan Gardener Joined Jan 7, 2020 • Dec 29 '22 • Edited on Dec 29 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was quite used to configuring everything by text file when I first encountered Git in 2005, but I still needed a little help and a little practice to get used to .gitignore. :) I think the most help was seeing examples in other peoples' projects; that's what usually works for me. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Posandu Posandu Posandu Follow Joined Jun 24, 2021 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The .gitignore folder search link is wrong. It should have the query .gitignore/ not .gitignore https://github.com/search?q=path%3A.gitignore%2F&type=code Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yours looks more correct, but I get the same results for both searches. Currently I get for both searches: 1,386,986 code results Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Posandu Posandu Posandu Follow Joined Jun 24, 2021 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Weird, I get two different results. 🤣 .gitignore/ .gitignore Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You use night-mode and I use day-mode. That must be the explanation. 🤔 Also I have a menu at the top, next to the search box with items such as "Pull requests", "Issues", ... and you don't. Either some configuration or we are on different branches of their AB testing. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jakub Narębski Jakub Narębski Jakub Narębski Follow Location Toruń, Poland Education Ph.D. in Physics Pronouns he/him Work Assistant Professor at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland Joined Jul 30, 2018 • Dec 27 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide There is gitignore.io service that can be used to generate good .gitignore file for the programming language and/or framework that you use, and per-user or per-repository ignore file for the IDE you use. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (51 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Some comments have been hidden by the post's author - find out more Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 More from Gabor Szabo Perl 🐪 Weekly #755 - Does TIOBE help Perl? # perl # news # programming Perl 🐪 Weekly #754 - New Year Resolution # perl # news # programming Perl 🐪 Weekly #753 - Happy New Year! # perl # news # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Testing Follow Hide Find those bugs before your users do! 🐛 Create Post Older #testing posts 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu i18n Testing — A Practical Guide for QA Engineers Anton Antonov Anton Antonov Anton Antonov Follow Dec 9 '25 i18n Testing — A Practical Guide for QA Engineers # testing # frontend # tutorial # qa 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read From Swagger to Tests: Building an AI-Powered API Test Generator with Python Alicia Marianne 🇧🇷 Alicia Marianne 🇧🇷 Alicia Marianne 🇧🇷 Follow Jan 3 From Swagger to Tests: Building an AI-Powered API Test Generator with Python # python # ai # api # testing 78 reactions Comments 7 comments 4 min read Common Manual Testing Techniques NandithaShri S.k NandithaShri S.k NandithaShri S.k Follow Dec 9 '25 Common Manual Testing Techniques # beginners # learning # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🚀 The Future of Information Retrieval (IR) — Looking for Testers & Feedback Constantin Constantin Constantin Follow Dec 8 '25 🚀 The Future of Information Retrieval (IR) — Looking for Testers & Feedback # productivity # python # opensource # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read Beyond the Black Box: Visualizing Autonomous Intelligence with Starlight Mission Control Dhiraj Das Dhiraj Das Dhiraj Das Follow Jan 1 Beyond the Black Box: Visualizing Autonomous Intelligence with Starlight Mission Control # python # automation # testing 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to use System prompts as Ground Truth for Evaluation shashank agarwal shashank agarwal shashank agarwal Follow Dec 10 '25 How to use System prompts as Ground Truth for Evaluation # testing # agents # llm # ai 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read TWD 1.3.x release - Multiple framework support Kevin Julián Martínez Escobar Kevin Julián Martínez Escobar Kevin Julián Martínez Escobar Follow Dec 8 '25 TWD 1.3.x release - Multiple framework support # tutorial # react # twd # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read QA Automation Tools That Actually Work: 2026 Edition for Dev Teams Sannivas Sannivas Sannivas Follow Dec 8 '25 QA Automation Tools That Actually Work: 2026 Edition for Dev Teams # qa # testing # automation # ai Comments Add Comment 5 min read Continuous Journey through Dagster - bugs and testing Steven Hur Steven Hur Steven Hur Follow Dec 9 '25 Continuous Journey through Dagster - bugs and testing # aws # opensource # testing 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Agent Factory Recap: A Deep Dive into Agent Evaluation, Practical Tooling, and Multi-Agent Systems Qingyue Wang Qingyue Wang Qingyue Wang Follow for Google AI Jan 8 Agent Factory Recap: A Deep Dive into Agent Evaluation, Practical Tooling, and Multi-Agent Systems # vertexai # agents # testing # ai 30 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read Manual testing techniques arunsakthivel31 arunsakthivel31 arunsakthivel31 Follow Dec 8 '25 Manual testing techniques # beginners # testing # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read Stop Waiting for a Breach. 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Let This Open-Source AI Agent Hack You First # testing # devops # security # agents Comments Add Comment 2 min read Demystifying Agentic Test Automation for QA Teams John Vester John Vester John Vester Follow Dec 10 '25 Demystifying Agentic Test Automation for QA Teams # ai # llm # testing # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Understanding the React Testing Pipeline (for Beginners) Sheikh Limon Sheikh Limon Sheikh Limon Follow Dec 6 '25 Understanding the React Testing Pipeline (for Beginners) # react # testing # tdd # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read Tesla is smarter than ever now Vishal Thakkar Vishal Thakkar Vishal Thakkar Follow Dec 29 '25 Tesla is smarter than ever now # ai # testing # futurechallenge Comments Add Comment 1 min read SwiftUI Testing (Unit, UI & Async Tests) Sebastien Lato Sebastien Lato Sebastien Lato Follow Dec 5 '25 SwiftUI Testing (Unit, UI & Async Tests) # swiftui # testing # unittests # uitests Comments Add Comment 3 min read Announcing pytest-test-categories v1.1.0: Bring Google Testing Philosophy to Python Mike Lane Mike Lane Mike Lane Follow Dec 4 '25 Announcing pytest-test-categories v1.1.0: Bring Google Testing Philosophy to Python # python # testing # pytest # opensource Comments Add Comment 3 min read TDD + React Testing Pipeline — A Simple Example for Beginners Sheikh Limon Sheikh Limon Sheikh Limon Follow Dec 4 '25 TDD + React Testing Pipeline — A Simple Example for Beginners # react # testing # tdd # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read Manual testing. resaba resaba resaba Follow Dec 6 '25 Manual testing. # testing # manualtesting Comments Add Comment 3 min read What is performance engineering: A Gatling take Gatling.io Gatling.io Gatling.io Follow Dec 4 '25 What is performance engineering: A Gatling take # performance # sre # testing Comments Add Comment 8 min read Boost React TypeScript Test Coverage Without Slowing Down Fedar Haponenka Fedar Haponenka Fedar Haponenka Follow Dec 5 '25 Boost React TypeScript Test Coverage Without Slowing Down # react # productivity # testing # typescript Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building SpecSync: How I Extended Kiro with Custom MCP Tools Chrysostomos Koumides Chrysostomos Koumides Chrysostomos Koumides Follow Dec 5 '25 Building SpecSync: How I Extended Kiro with Custom MCP Tools # kiro # mcp # api # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read Comparative Analysis of Test Management Tools: Real Integration with CI/CD Pipelines Royser Alonsso Villanueva Mamani Royser Alonsso Villanueva Mamani Royser Alonsso Villanueva Mamani Follow Dec 5 '25 Comparative Analysis of Test Management Tools: Real Integration with CI/CD Pipelines # testing # cicd # devops # tooling Comments 2 comments 6 min read Discover Qtktest.com: A Comprehensive Hub for AI Tools and Testing Resources qi yimi qi yimi qi yimi Follow Dec 6 '25 Discover Qtktest.com: A Comprehensive Hub for AI Tools and Testing Resources # showdev # javascript # webdev # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read Component Testing vs. Unit Testing: Key Differences Matt Calder Matt Calder Matt Calder Follow Dec 8 '25 Component Testing vs. Unit Testing: Key Differences # testing # selenium # unittest # cicd Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-faq.html | Hooks FAQ – React We want to hear from you! Take our 2021 Community Survey! This site is no longer updated. Go to react.dev React Docs Tutorial Blog Community v 18.2.0 Languages GitHub Hooks FAQ These docs are old and won’t be updated. Go to react.dev for the new React docs. The new documentation pages teaches React with Hooks. Hooks are a new addition in React 16.8. They let you use state and other React features without writing a class. This page answers some of the frequently asked questions about Hooks . `${' '.repeat(2 * +a.parentNode.nodeName.slice(1))}` + `[${a.parentNode.textContent}](${a.getAttribute('href')})` ).join('\n') --> Adoption Strategy Which versions of React include Hooks? Do I need to rewrite all my class components? What can I do with Hooks that I couldn’t with classes? How much of my React knowledge stays relevant? Should I use Hooks, classes, or a mix of both? Do Hooks cover all use cases for classes? Do Hooks replace render props and higher-order components? What do Hooks mean for popular APIs like Redux connect() and React Router? Do Hooks work with static typing? How to test components that use Hooks? What exactly do the lint rules enforce? From Classes to Hooks How do lifecycle methods correspond to Hooks? How can I do data fetching with Hooks? Is there something like instance variables? Should I use one or many state variables? Can I run an effect only on updates? How to get the previous props or state? Why am I seeing stale props or state inside my function? How do I implement getDerivedStateFromProps? Is there something like forceUpdate? Can I make a ref to a function component? How can I measure a DOM node? What does const [thing, setThing] = useState() mean? Performance Optimizations Can I skip an effect on updates? Is it safe to omit functions from the list of dependencies? What can I do if my effect dependencies change too often? How do I implement shouldComponentUpdate? How to memoize calculations? How to create expensive objects lazily? Are Hooks slow because of creating functions in render? How to avoid passing callbacks down? How to read an often-changing value from useCallback? Under the Hood How does React associate Hook calls with components? What is the prior art for Hooks? Adoption Strategy Which versions of React include Hooks? Starting with 16.8.0, React includes a stable implementation of React Hooks for: React DOM React Native React DOM Server React Test Renderer React Shallow Renderer Note that to enable Hooks, all React packages need to be 16.8.0 or higher . Hooks won’t work if you forget to update, for example, React DOM. React Native 0.59 and above support Hooks. Do I need to rewrite all my class components? No. There are no plans to remove classes from React — we all need to keep shipping products and can’t afford rewrites. We recommend trying Hooks in new code. What can I do with Hooks that I couldn’t with classes? Hooks offer a powerful and expressive new way to reuse functionality between components. “Building Your Own Hooks” provides a glimpse of what’s possible. This article by a React core team member dives deeper into the new capabilities unlocked by Hooks. How much of my React knowledge stays relevant? Hooks are a more direct way to use the React features you already know — such as state, lifecycle, context, and refs. They don’t fundamentally change how React works, and your knowledge of components, props, and top-down data flow is just as relevant. Hooks do have a learning curve of their own. If there’s something missing in this documentation, raise an issue and we’ll try to help. Should I use Hooks, classes, or a mix of both? When you’re ready, we’d encourage you to start trying Hooks in new components you write. Make sure everyone on your team is on board with using them and familiar with this documentation. We don’t recommend rewriting your existing classes to Hooks unless you planned to rewrite them anyway (e.g. to fix bugs). You can’t use Hooks inside a class component, but you can definitely mix classes and function components with Hooks in a single tree. Whether a component is a class or a function that uses Hooks is an implementation detail of that component. In the longer term, we expect Hooks to be the primary way people write React components. Do Hooks cover all use cases for classes? Our goal is for Hooks to cover all use cases for classes as soon as possible. There are no Hook equivalents to the uncommon getSnapshotBeforeUpdate , getDerivedStateFromError and componentDidCatch lifecycles yet, but we plan to add them soon. Do Hooks replace render props and higher-order components? Often, render props and higher-order components render only a single child. We think Hooks are a simpler way to serve this use case. There is still a place for both patterns (for example, a virtual scroller component might have a renderItem prop, or a visual container component might have its own DOM structure). But in most cases, Hooks will be sufficient and can help reduce nesting in your tree. What do Hooks mean for popular APIs like Redux connect() and React Router? You can continue to use the exact same APIs as you always have; they’ll continue to work. React Redux since v7.1.0 supports Hooks API and exposes hooks like useDispatch or useSelector . React Router supports hooks since v5.1. Other libraries might support hooks in the future too. Do Hooks work with static typing? Hooks were designed with static typing in mind. Because they’re functions, they are easier to type correctly than patterns like higher-order components. The latest Flow and TypeScript React definitions include support for React Hooks. Importantly, custom Hooks give you the power to constrain React API if you’d like to type them more strictly in some way. React gives you the primitives, but you can combine them in different ways than what we provide out of the box. How to test components that use Hooks? From React’s point of view, a component using Hooks is just a regular component. If your testing solution doesn’t rely on React internals, testing components with Hooks shouldn’t be different from how you normally test components. Note Testing Recipes include many examples that you can copy and paste. For example, let’s say we have this counter component: function Example ( ) { const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ) ; useEffect ( ( ) => { document . title = ` You clicked ${ count } times ` ; } ) ; return ( < div > < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > < button onClick = { ( ) => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > </ div > ) ; } We’ll test it using React DOM. To make sure that the behavior matches what happens in the browser, we’ll wrap the code rendering and updating it into ReactTestUtils.act() calls: import React from 'react' ; import ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client' ; import { act } from 'react-dom/test-utils' ; import Counter from './Counter' ; let container ; beforeEach ( ( ) => { container = document . createElement ( 'div' ) ; document . body . appendChild ( container ) ; } ) ; afterEach ( ( ) => { document . body . removeChild ( container ) ; container = null ; } ) ; it ( 'can render and update a counter' , ( ) => { // Test first render and effect act ( ( ) => { ReactDOM . createRoot ( container ) . render ( < Counter /> ) ; } ) ; const button = container . querySelector ( 'button' ) ; const label = container . querySelector ( 'p' ) ; expect ( label . textContent ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 0 times' ) ; expect ( document . title ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 0 times' ) ; // Test second render and effect act ( ( ) => { button . dispatchEvent ( new MouseEvent ( 'click' , { bubbles : true } ) ) ; } ) ; expect ( label . textContent ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 1 times' ) ; expect ( document . title ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 1 times' ) ; } ) ; The calls to act() will also flush the effects inside of them. If you need to test a custom Hook, you can do so by creating a component in your test, and using your Hook from it. Then you can test the component you wrote. To reduce the boilerplate, we recommend using React Testing Library which is designed to encourage writing tests that use your components as the end users do. For more information, check out Testing Recipes . What exactly do the lint rules enforce? We provide an ESLint plugin that enforces rules of Hooks to avoid bugs. It assumes that any function starting with ” use ” and a capital letter right after it is a Hook. We recognize this heuristic isn’t perfect and there may be some false positives, but without an ecosystem-wide convention there is just no way to make Hooks work well — and longer names will discourage people from either adopting Hooks or following the convention. In particular, the rule enforces that: Calls to Hooks are either inside a PascalCase function (assumed to be a component) or another useSomething function (assumed to be a custom Hook). Hooks are called in the same order on every render. There are a few more heuristics, and they might change over time as we fine-tune the rule to balance finding bugs with avoiding false positives. From Classes to Hooks How do lifecycle methods correspond to Hooks? constructor : Function components don’t need a constructor. You can initialize the state in the useState call. If computing the initial state is expensive, you can pass a function to useState . getDerivedStateFromProps : Schedule an update while rendering instead. shouldComponentUpdate : See React.memo below . render : This is the function component body itself. componentDidMount , componentDidUpdate , componentWillUnmount : The useEffect Hook can express all combinations of these (including less common cases). getSnapshotBeforeUpdate , componentDidCatch and getDerivedStateFromError : There are no Hook equivalents for these methods yet, but they will be added soon. How can I do data fetching with Hooks? Here is a small demo to get you started. To learn more, check out this article about data fetching with Hooks. Is there something like instance variables? Yes! The useRef() Hook isn’t just for DOM refs. The “ref” object is a generic container whose current property is mutable and can hold any value, similar to an instance property on a class. You can write to it from inside useEffect : function Timer ( ) { const intervalRef = useRef ( ) ; useEffect ( ( ) => { const id = setInterval ( ( ) => { // ... } ) ; intervalRef . current = id ; return ( ) => { clearInterval ( intervalRef . current ) ; } ; } ) ; // ... } If we just wanted to set an interval, we wouldn’t need the ref ( id could be local to the effect), but it’s useful if we want to clear the interval from an event handler: // ... function handleCancelClick ( ) { clearInterval ( intervalRef . current ) ; } // ... Conceptually, you can think of refs as similar to instance variables in a class. Unless you’re doing lazy initialization , avoid setting refs during rendering — this can lead to surprising behavior. Instead, typically you want to modify refs in event handlers and effects. Should I use one or many state variables? If you’re coming from classes, you might be tempted to always call useState() once and put all state into a single object. You can do it if you’d like. Here is an example of a component that follows the mouse movement. We keep its position and size in the local state: function Box ( ) { const [ state , setState ] = useState ( { left : 0 , top : 0 , width : 100 , height : 100 } ) ; // ... } Now let’s say we want to write some logic that changes left and top when the user moves their mouse. Note how we have to merge these fields into the previous state object manually: // ... useEffect ( ( ) => { function handleWindowMouseMove ( e ) { // Spreading "...state" ensures we don't "lose" width and height setState ( state => ( { ... state , left : e . pageX , top : e . pageY } ) ) ; } // Note: this implementation is a bit simplified window . addEventListener ( 'mousemove' , handleWindowMouseMove ) ; return ( ) => window . removeEventListener ( 'mousemove' , handleWindowMouseMove ) ; } , [ ] ) ; // ... This is because when we update a state variable, we replace its value. This is different from this.setState in a class, which merges the updated fields into the object. If you miss automatic merging, you could write a custom useLegacyState Hook that merges object state updates. However, we recommend to split state into multiple state variables based on which values tend to change together. For example, we could split our component state into position and size objects, and always replace the position with no need for merging: function Box ( ) { const [ position , setPosition ] = useState ( { left : 0 , top : 0 } ) ; const [ size , setSize ] = useState ( { width : 100 , height : 100 } ) ; useEffect ( ( ) => { function handleWindowMouseMove ( e ) { setPosition ( { left : e . pageX , top : e . pageY } ) ; } // ... Separating independent state variables also has another benefit. It makes it easy to later extract some related logic into a custom Hook, for example: function Box ( ) { const position = useWindowPosition ( ) ; const [ size , setSize ] = useState ( { width : 100 , height : 100 } ) ; // ... } function useWindowPosition ( ) { const [ position , setPosition ] = useState ( { left : 0 , top : 0 } ) ; useEffect ( ( ) => { // ... } , [ ] ) ; return position ; } Note how we were able to move the useState call for the position state variable and the related effect into a custom Hook without changing their code. If all state was in a single object, extracting it would be more difficult. Both putting all state in a single useState call, and having a useState call per each field can work. Components tend to be most readable when you find a balance between these two extremes, and group related state into a few independent state variables. If the state logic becomes complex, we recommend managing it with a reducer or a custom Hook. Can I run an effect only on updates? This is a rare use case. If you need it, you can use a mutable ref to manually store a boolean value corresponding to whether you are on the first or a subsequent render, then check that flag in your effect. (If you find yourself doing this often, you could create a custom Hook for it.) How to get the previous props or state? There are two cases in which you might want to get previous props or state. Sometimes, you need previous props to clean up an effect. For example, you might have an effect that subscribes to a socket based on the userId prop. If the userId prop changes, you want to unsubscribe from the previous userId and subscribe to the next one. You don’t need to do anything special for this to work: useEffect ( ( ) => { ChatAPI . subscribeToSocket ( props . userId ) ; return ( ) => ChatAPI . unsubscribeFromSocket ( props . userId ) ; } , [ props . userId ] ) ; In the above example, if userId changes from 3 to 4 , ChatAPI.unsubscribeFromSocket(3) will run first, and then ChatAPI.subscribeToSocket(4) will run. There is no need to get “previous” userId because the cleanup function will capture it in a closure. Other times, you might need to adjust state based on a change in props or other state . This is rarely needed and is usually a sign you have some duplicate or redundant state. However, in the rare case that you need this pattern, you can store previous state or props in state and update them during rendering . We have previously suggested a custom Hook called usePrevious to hold the previous value. However, we’ve found that most use cases fall into the two patterns described above. If your use case is different, you can hold a value in a ref and manually update it when needed. Avoid reading and updating refs during rendering because this makes your component’s behavior difficult to predict and understand. Why am I seeing stale props or state inside my function? Any function inside a component, including event handlers and effects, “sees” the props and state from the render it was created in. For example, consider code like this: function Example ( ) { const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ) ; function handleAlertClick ( ) { setTimeout ( ( ) => { alert ( 'You clicked on: ' + count ) ; } , 3000 ) ; } return ( < div > < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > < button onClick = { ( ) => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > < button onClick = { handleAlertClick } > Show alert </ button > </ div > ) ; } If you first click “Show alert” and then increment the counter, the alert will show the count variable at the time you clicked the “Show alert” button . This prevents bugs caused by the code assuming props and state don’t change. If you intentionally want to read the latest state from some asynchronous callback, you could keep it in a ref , mutate it, and read from it. Finally, another possible reason you’re seeing stale props or state is if you use the “dependency array” optimization but didn’t correctly specify all the dependencies. For example, if an effect specifies [] as the second argument but reads someProp inside, it will keep “seeing” the initial value of someProp . The solution is to either remove the dependency array, or to fix it. Here’s how you can deal with functions , and here’s other common strategies to run effects less often without incorrectly skipping dependencies. Note We provide an exhaustive-deps ESLint rule as a part of the eslint-plugin-react-hooks package. It warns when dependencies are specified incorrectly and suggests a fix. How do I implement getDerivedStateFromProps ? While you probably don’t need it , in rare cases that you do (such as implementing a <Transition> component), you can update the state right during rendering. React will re-run the component with updated state immediately after exiting the first render so it wouldn’t be expensive. Here, we store the previous value of the row prop in a state variable so that we can compare: function ScrollView ( { row } ) { const [ isScrollingDown , setIsScrollingDown ] = useState ( false ) ; const [ prevRow , setPrevRow ] = useState ( null ) ; if ( row !== prevRow ) { // Row changed since last render. Update isScrollingDown. setIsScrollingDown ( prevRow !== null && row > prevRow ) ; setPrevRow ( row ) ; } return ` Scrolling down: ${ isScrollingDown } ` ; } This might look strange at first, but an update during rendering is exactly what getDerivedStateFromProps has always been like conceptually. Is there something like forceUpdate? Both useState and useReducer Hooks bail out of updates if the next value is the same as the previous one. Mutating state in place and calling setState will not cause a re-render. Normally, you shouldn’t mutate local state in React. However, as an escape hatch, you can use an incrementing counter to force a re-render even if the state has not changed: const [ ignored , forceUpdate ] = useReducer ( x => x + 1 , 0 ) ; function handleClick ( ) { forceUpdate ( ) ; } Try to avoid this pattern if possible. Can I make a ref to a function component? While you shouldn’t need this often, you may expose some imperative methods to a parent component with the useImperativeHandle Hook. How can I measure a DOM node? One rudimentary way to measure the position or size of a DOM node is to use a callback ref . React will call that callback whenever the ref gets attached to a different node. Here is a small demo : function MeasureExample ( ) { const [ height , setHeight ] = useState ( 0 ) ; const measuredRef = useCallback ( node => { if ( node !== null ) { setHeight ( node . getBoundingClientRect ( ) . height ) ; } } , [ ] ) ; return ( < > < h1 ref = { measuredRef } > Hello, world </ h1 > < h2 > The above header is { Math . round ( height ) } px tall </ h2 > </ > ) ; } We didn’t choose useRef in this example because an object ref doesn’t notify us about changes to the current ref value. Using a callback ref ensures that even if a child component displays the measured node later (e.g. in response to a click), we still get notified about it in the parent component and can update the measurements. Note that we pass [] as a dependency array to useCallback . This ensures that our ref callback doesn’t change between the re-renders, and so React won’t call it unnecessarily. In this example, the callback ref will be called only when the component mounts and unmounts, since the rendered <h1> component stays present throughout any rerenders. If you want to be notified any time a component resizes, you may want to use ResizeObserver or a third-party Hook built on it. If you want, you can extract this logic into a reusable Hook: function MeasureExample ( ) { const [ rect , ref ] = useClientRect ( ) ; return ( < > < h1 ref = { ref } > Hello, world </ h1 > { rect !== null && < h2 > The above header is { Math . round ( rect . height ) } px tall </ h2 > } </ > ) ; } function useClientRect ( ) { const [ rect , setRect ] = useState ( null ) ; const ref = useCallback ( node => { if ( node !== null ) { setRect ( node . getBoundingClientRect ( ) ) ; } } , [ ] ) ; return [ rect , ref ] ; } What does const [thing, setThing] = useState() mean? If you’re not familiar with this syntax, check out the explanation in the State Hook documentation. Performance Optimizations Can I skip an effect on updates? Yes. See conditionally firing an effect . Note that forgetting to handle updates often introduces bugs , which is why this isn’t the default behavior. Is it safe to omit functions from the list of dependencies? Generally speaking, no. function Example ( { someProp } ) { function doSomething ( ) { console . log ( someProp ) ; } useEffect ( ( ) => { doSomething ( ) ; } , [ ] ) ; // 🔴 This is not safe (it calls `doSomething` which uses `someProp`) } It’s difficult to remember which props or state are used by functions outside of the effect. This is why usually you’ll want to declare functions needed by an effect inside of it. Then it’s easy to see what values from the component scope that effect depends on: function Example ( { someProp } ) { useEffect ( ( ) => { function doSomething ( ) { console . log ( someProp ) ; } doSomething ( ) ; } , [ someProp ] ) ; // ✅ OK (our effect only uses `someProp`) } If after that we still don’t use any values from the component scope, it’s safe to specify [] : useEffect ( ( ) => { function doSomething ( ) { console . log ( 'hello' ) ; } doSomething ( ) ; } , [ ] ) ; // ✅ OK in this example because we don't use *any* values from component scope Depending on your use case, there are a few more options described below. Note We provide the exhaustive-deps ESLint rule as a part of the eslint-plugin-react-hooks package. It helps you find components that don’t handle updates consistently. Let’s see why this matters. If you specify a list of dependencies as the last argument to useEffect , useLayoutEffect , useMemo , useCallback , or useImperativeHandle , it must include all values that are used inside the callback and participate in the React data flow. That includes props, state, and anything derived from them. It is only safe to omit a function from the dependency list if nothing in it (or the functions called by it) references props, state, or values derived from them. This example has a bug: function ProductPage ( { productId } ) { const [ product , setProduct ] = useState ( null ) ; async function fetchProduct ( ) { const response = await fetch ( 'http://myapi/product/' + productId ) ; // Uses productId prop const json = await response . json ( ) ; setProduct ( json ) ; } useEffect ( ( ) => { fetchProduct ( ) ; } , [ ] ) ; // 🔴 Invalid because `fetchProduct` uses `productId` // ... } The recommended fix is to move that function inside of your effect . That makes it easy to see which props or state your effect uses, and to ensure they’re all declared: function ProductPage ( { productId } ) { const [ product , setProduct ] = useState ( null ) ; useEffect ( ( ) => { // By moving this function inside the effect, we can clearly see the values it uses. async function fetchProduct ( ) { const response = await fetch ( 'http://myapi/product/' + productId ) ; const json = await response . json ( ) ; setProduct ( json ) ; } fetchProduct ( ) ; } , [ productId ] ) ; // ✅ Valid because our effect only uses productId // ... } This also allows you to handle out-of-order responses with a local variable inside the effect: useEffect ( ( ) => { let ignore = false ; async function fetchProduct ( ) { const response = await fetch ( 'http://myapi/product/' + productId ) ; const json = await response . json ( ) ; if ( ! ignore ) setProduct ( json ) ; } fetchProduct ( ) ; return ( ) => { ignore = true } ; } , [ productId ] ) ; We moved the function inside the effect so it doesn’t need to be in its dependency list. Tip Check out this small demo and this article to learn more about data fetching with Hooks. If for some reason you can’t move a function inside an effect, there are a few more options: You can try moving that function outside of your component . In that case, the function is guaranteed to not reference any props or state, and also doesn’t need to be in the list of dependencies. If the function you’re calling is a pure computation and is safe to call while rendering, you may call it outside of the effect instead, and make the effect depend on the returned value. As a last resort, you can add a function to effect dependencies but wrap its definition into the useCallback Hook. This ensures it doesn’t change on every render unless its own dependencies also change: function ProductPage ( { productId } ) { // ✅ Wrap with useCallback to avoid change on every render const fetchProduct = useCallback ( ( ) => { // ... Does something with productId ... } , [ productId ] ) ; // ✅ All useCallback dependencies are specified return < ProductDetails fetchProduct = { fetchProduct } /> ; } function ProductDetails ( { fetchProduct } ) { useEffect ( ( ) => { fetchProduct ( ) ; } , [ fetchProduct ] ) ; // ✅ All useEffect dependencies are specified // ... } Note that in the above example we need to keep the function in the dependencies list. This ensures that a change in the productId prop of ProductPage automatically triggers a refetch in the ProductDetails component. What can I do if my effect dependencies change too often? Sometimes, your effect may be using state that changes too often. You might be tempted to omit that state from a list of dependencies, but that usually leads to bugs: function Counter ( ) { const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ) ; useEffect ( ( ) => { const id = setInterval ( ( ) => { setCount ( count + 1 ) ; // This effect depends on the `count` state } , 1000 ) ; return ( ) => clearInterval ( id ) ; } , [ ] ) ; // 🔴 Bug: `count` is not specified as a dependency return < h1 > { count } </ h1 > ; } The empty set of dependencies, [] , means that the effect will only run once when the component mounts, and not on every re-render. The problem is that inside the setInterval callback, the value of count does not change, because we’ve created a closure with the value of count set to 0 as it was when the effect callback ran. Every second, this callback then calls setCount(0 + 1) , so the count never goes above 1. Specifying [count] as a list of dependencies would fix the bug, but would cause the interval to be reset on every change. Effectively, each setInterval would get one chance to execute before being cleared (similar to a setTimeout .) That may not be desirable. To fix this, we can use the functional update form of setState . It lets us specify how the state needs to change without referencing the current state: function Counter ( ) { const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ) ; useEffect ( ( ) => { const id = setInterval ( ( ) => { setCount ( c => c + 1 ) ; // ✅ This doesn't depend on `count` variable outside } , 1000 ) ; return ( ) => clearInterval ( id ) ; } , [ ] ) ; // ✅ Our effect doesn't use any variables in the component scope return < h1 > { count } </ h1 > ; } (The identity of the setCount function is guaranteed to be stable so it’s safe to omit.) Now, the setInterval callback executes once a second, but each time the inner call to setCount can use an up-to-date value for count (called c in the callback here.) In more complex cases (such as if one state depends on another state), try moving the state update logic outside the effect with the useReducer Hook . This article offers an example of how you can do this. The identity of the dispatch function from useReducer is always stable — even if the reducer function is declared inside the component and reads its props. As a last resort, if you want something like this in a class, you can use a ref to hold a mutable variable. Then you can write and read to it. For example: function Example ( props ) { // Keep latest props in a ref. const latestProps = useRef ( props ) ; useEffect ( ( ) => { latestProps . current = props ; } ) ; useEffect ( ( ) => { function tick ( ) { // Read latest props at any time console . log ( latestProps . current ) ; } const id = setInterval ( tick , 1000 ) ; return ( ) => clearInterval ( id ) ; } , [ ] ) ; // This effect never re-runs } Only do this if you couldn’t find a better alternative, as relying on mutation makes components less predictable. If there’s a specific pattern that doesn’t translate well, file an issue with a runnable example code and we can try to help. How do I implement shouldComponentUpdate ? You can wrap a function component with React.memo to shallowly compare its props: const Button = React . memo ( ( props ) => { // your component } ) ; It’s not a Hook because it doesn’t compose like Hooks do. React.memo is equivalent to PureComponent , but it only compares props. (You can also add a second argument to specify a custom comparison function that takes the old and new props. If it returns true, the update is skipped.) React.memo doesn’t compare state because there is no single state object to compare. But you can make children pure too, or even optimize individual children with useMemo . How to memoize calculations? The useMemo Hook lets you cache calculations between multiple renders by “remembering” the previous computation: const memoizedValue = useMemo ( ( ) => computeExpensiveValue ( a , b ) , [ a , b ] ) ; This code calls computeExpensiveValue(a, b) . But if the dependencies [a, b] haven’t changed since the last value, useMemo skips calling it a second time and simply reuses the last value it returned. Remember that the function passed to useMemo runs during rendering. Don’t do anything there that you wouldn’t normally do while rendering. For example, side effects belong in useEffect , not useMemo . You may rely on useMemo as a performance optimization, not as a semantic guarantee. In the future, React may choose to “forget” some previously memoized values and recalculate them on next render, e.g. to free memory for offscreen components. Write your code so that it still works without useMemo — and then add it to optimize performance. (For rare cases when a value must never be recomputed, you can lazily initialize a ref.) Conveniently, useMemo also lets you skip an expensive re-render of a child: function Parent ( { a , b } ) { // Only re-rendered if `a` changes: const child1 = useMemo ( ( ) => < Child1 a = { a } /> , [ a ] ) ; // Only re-rendered if `b` changes: const child2 = useMemo ( ( ) => < Child2 b = { b } /> , [ b ] ) ; return ( < > { child1 } { child2 } </ > ) } Note that this approach won’t work in a loop because Hook calls can’t be placed inside loops. But you can extract a separate component for the list item, and call useMemo there. How to create expensive objects lazily? useMemo lets you memoize an expensive calculation if the dependencies are the same. However, it only serves as a hint, and doesn’t guarantee the computation won’t re-run. But sometimes you need to be sure an object is only created once. The first common use case is when creating the initial state is expensive: function Table ( props ) { // ⚠️ createRows() is called on every render const [ rows , setRows ] = useState ( createRows ( props . count ) ) ; // ... } To avoid re-creating the ignored initial state, we can pass a function to useState : function Table ( props ) { // ✅ createRows() is only called once const [ rows , setRows ] = useState ( ( ) => createRows ( props . count ) ) ; // ... } React will only call this function during the first render. See the useState API reference . You might also occasionally want to avoid re-creating the useRef() initial value. For example, maybe you want to ensure some imperative class instance only gets created once: function Image ( props ) { // ⚠️ IntersectionObserver is created on every render const ref = useRef ( new IntersectionObserver ( onIntersect ) ) ; // ... } useRef does not accept a special function overload like useState . Instead, you can write your own function that creates and sets it lazily: function Image ( props ) { const ref = useRef ( null ) ; // ✅ IntersectionObserver is created lazily once function getObserver ( ) { if ( ref . current === null ) { ref . current = new IntersectionObserver ( onIntersect ) ; } return ref . current ; } // When you need it, call getObserver() // ... } This avoids creating an expensive object until it’s truly needed for the first time. If you use Flow or TypeScript, you can also give getObserver() a non-nullable type for convenience. Are Hooks slow because of creating functions in render? No. In modern browsers, the raw performance of closures compared to classes doesn’t differ significantly except in extreme scenarios. In addition, consider that the design of Hooks is more efficient in a couple ways: Hooks avoid a lot of the overhead that classes require, like the cost of creating class instances and binding event handlers in the constructor. Idiomatic code using Hooks doesn’t need the deep component tree nesting that is prevalent in codebases that use higher-order components, render props, and context. With smaller component trees, React has less work to do. Traditionally, performance concerns around inline functions in React have been related to how passing new callbacks on each render breaks shouldComponentUpdate optimizations in child components. Hooks approach this problem from three sides. The useCallback Hook lets you keep the same callback reference between re-renders so that shouldComponentUpdate continues to work: // Will not change unless `a` or `b` changes const memoizedCallback = useCallback ( ( ) => { doSomething ( a , b ) ; } , [ a , b ] ) ; The useMemo Hook makes it easier to control when individual children update, reducing the need for pure components. Finally, the useReducer Hook reduces the need to pass callbacks deeply, as explained below. How to avoid passing callbacks down? We’ve found that most people don’t enjoy manually passing callbacks through every level of a component tree. Even though it is more explicit, it can feel like a lot of “plumbing”. In large component trees, an alternative we recommend is to pass down a dispatch function from useReducer via context: const TodosDispatch = React . createContext ( null ) ; function TodosApp ( ) { // Note: `dispatch` won't change between re-renders const [ todos , dispatch ] = useReducer ( todosReducer ) ; return ( < TodosDispatch.Provider value = { dispatch } > < DeepTree todos = { todos } /> </ TodosDispatch.Provider > ) ; } Any child in the tree inside TodosApp can use the dispatch function to pass actions up to TodosApp : function DeepChild ( props ) { // If we want to perform an action, we can get dispatch from context. const dispatch = useContext ( TodosDispatch ) ; function handleClick ( ) { dispatch ( { type : 'add' , text : 'hello' } ) ; } return ( < button onClick = { handleClick } > Add todo </ button > ) ; } This is both more convenient from the maintenance perspective (no need to keep forwarding callbacks), and avoids the callback problem altogether. Passing dispatch down like this is the recommended pattern for deep updates. Note that you can still choose whether to pass the application state down as props (more explicit) or as context (more convenient for very deep updates). If you use context to pass down the state too, use two different context types — the dispatch context never changes, so components that read it don’t need to rerender unless they also need the application state. How to read an often-changing value from useCallback ? Note We recommend to pass dispatch down in context rather than individual callbacks in props. The approach below is only mentioned here for completeness and as an escape hatch. In some rare cases you might need to memoize a callback with useCallback but the memoization doesn’t work very well because the inner function has to be re-created too often. If the function you’re memoizing is an event handler and isn’t used during rendering, you can use ref as an instance variable , and save the last committed value into it manually: function Form ( ) { const [ text , updateText ] = useState ( '' ) ; const textRef = useRef ( ) ; useEffect ( ( ) => { textRef . current = text ; // Write it to the ref } ) ; const handleSubmit = useCallback ( ( ) => { const currentText = textRef . current ; // Read it from the ref alert ( currentText ) ; } , [ textRef ] ) ; // Don't recreate handleSubmit like [text] would do return ( < > < input value = { text } onChange = { e => updateText ( e . target . value ) } /> < ExpensiveTree onSubmit = { handleSubmit } /> </ > ) ; } This is a rather convoluted pattern but it shows that you can do this escape hatch optimization if you need it. It’s more bearable if you extract it to a custom Hook: function Form ( ) { const [ text , updateText ] = useState ( '' ) ; // Will be memoized even if `text` changes: const handleSubmit = useEventCallback ( ( ) => { alert ( text ) ; } , [ text ] ) ; return ( < > < input value = { text } onChange = { e => updateText ( e . target . value ) } /> < ExpensiveTree onSubmit = { handleSubmit } /> </ > ) ; } function useEventCallback ( fn , dependencies ) { const ref = useRef ( ( ) => { throw new Error ( 'Cannot call an event handler while rendering.' ) ; } ) ; useEffect ( ( ) => { ref . current = fn ; } , [ fn , ... dependencies ] ) ; return useCallback ( ( ) => { const fn = ref . current ; return fn ( ) ; } , [ ref ] ) ; } In either case, we don’t recommend this pattern and only show it here for completeness. Instead, it is preferable to avoid passing callbacks deep down . Under the Hood How does React associate Hook calls with components? React keeps track of the currently rendering component. Thanks to the Rules of Hooks , we know that Hooks are only called from React components (or custom Hooks — which are also only called from React components). There is an internal list of “memory cells” associated with each component. They’re just JavaScript objects where we can put some data. When you call a Hook like useState() , it reads the current cell (or initializes it during the first render), and then moves the pointer to the next one. This is how multiple useState() calls each get independent local state. What is the prior art for Hooks? Hooks synthesize ideas from several different sources: Our old experiments with functional APIs in the react-future repository. React community’s experiments with render prop APIs, including Ryan Florence ’s Reactions Component . Dominic Gannaway ’s adopt keyword proposal as a sugar syntax for render props. State variables and state cells in DisplayScript . Reducer components in ReasonReact. Subscriptions in Rx. Algebraic effects in Multicore OCaml. Sebastian Markbåge came up with the original design for Hooks, later refined by Andrew Clark , Sophie Alpert , Dominic Gannaway , and other members of the React team. Is this page useful? Edit this page Installation Getting Started Add React to a Website Create a New React App CDN Links Release Channels Main Concepts 1. Hello World 2. Introducing JSX 3. Rendering Elements 4. Components and Props 5. State and Lifecycle 6. Handling Events 7. Conditional Rendering 8. Lists and Keys 9. Forms 10. Lifting State Up 11. Composition vs Inheritance 12. 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https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-overview.html | Hooks at a Glance – React We want to hear from you! Take our 2021 Community Survey! This site is no longer updated. Go to react.dev React Docs Tutorial Blog Community v 18.2.0 Languages GitHub Hooks at a Glance These docs are old and won’t be updated. Go to react.dev for the new React docs. These new documentation pages teach React with Hooks: Quick Start Tutorial react : Hooks Hooks are a new addition in React 16.8. They let you use state and other React features without writing a class. Hooks are backwards-compatible . This page provides an overview of Hooks for experienced React users. This is a fast-paced overview. If you get confused, look for a yellow box like this: Detailed Explanation Read the Motivation to learn why we’re introducing Hooks to React. ↑↑↑ Each section ends with a yellow box like this. They link to detailed explanations. 📌 State Hook This example renders a counter. When you click the button, it increments the value: import React , { useState } from 'react' ; function Example ( ) { // Declare a new state variable, which we'll call "count" const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ) ; return ( < div > < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > < button onClick = { ( ) => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > </ div > ) ; } Here, useState is a Hook (we’ll talk about what this means in a moment). We call it inside a function component to add some local state to it. React will preserve this state between re-renders. useState returns a pair: the current state value and a function that lets you update it. You can call this function from an event handler or somewhere else. It’s similar to this.setState in a class, except it doesn’t merge the old and new state together. (We’ll show an example comparing useState to this.state in Using the State Hook .) The only argument to useState is the initial state. In the example above, it is 0 because our counter starts from zero. Note that unlike this.state , the state here doesn’t have to be an object — although it can be if you want. The initial state argument is only used during the first render. Declaring multiple state variables You can use the State Hook more than once in a single component: function ExampleWithManyStates ( ) { // Declare multiple state variables! const [ age , setAge ] = useState ( 42 ) ; const [ fruit , setFruit ] = useState ( 'banana' ) ; const [ todos , setTodos ] = useState ( [ { text : 'Learn Hooks' } ] ) ; // ... } The array destructuring syntax lets us give different names to the state variables we declared by calling useState . These names aren’t a part of the useState API. Instead, React assumes that if you call useState many times, you do it in the same order during every render. We’ll come back to why this works and when this is useful later. But what is a Hook? Hooks are functions that let you “hook into” React state and lifecycle features from function components. Hooks don’t work inside classes — they let you use React without classes. (We don’t recommend rewriting your existing components overnight but you can start using Hooks in the new ones if you’d like.) React provides a few built-in Hooks like useState . You can also create your own Hooks to reuse stateful behavior between different components. We’ll look at the built-in Hooks first. Detailed Explanation You can learn more about the State Hook on a dedicated page: Using the State Hook . ⚡️ Effect Hook You’ve likely performed data fetching, subscriptions, or manually changing the DOM from React components before. We call these operations “side effects” (or “effects” for short) because they can affect other components and can’t be done during rendering. The Effect Hook, useEffect , adds the ability to perform side effects from a function component. It serves the same purpose as componentDidMount , componentDidUpdate , and componentWillUnmount in React classes, but unified into a single API. (We’ll show examples comparing useEffect to these methods in Using the Effect Hook .) For example, this component sets the document title after React updates the DOM: import React , { useState , useEffect } from 'react' ; function Example ( ) { const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ) ; // Similar to componentDidMount and componentDidUpdate: useEffect ( ( ) => { // Update the document title using the browser API document . title = ` You clicked ${ count } times ` ; } ) ; return ( < div > < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > < button onClick = { ( ) => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > </ div > ) ; } When you call useEffect , you’re telling React to run your “effect” function after flushing changes to the DOM. Effects are declared inside the component so they have access to its props and state. By default, React runs the effects after every render — including the first render. (We’ll talk more about how this compares to class lifecycles in Using the Effect Hook .) Effects may also optionally specify how to “clean up” after them by returning a function. For example, this component uses an effect to subscribe to a friend’s online status, and cleans up by unsubscribing from it: import React , { useState , useEffect } from 'react' ; function FriendStatus ( props ) { const [ isOnline , setIsOnline ] = useState ( null ) ; function handleStatusChange ( status ) { setIsOnline ( status . isOnline ) ; } useEffect ( ( ) => { ChatAPI . subscribeToFriendStatus ( props . friend . id , handleStatusChange ) ; return ( ) => { ChatAPI . unsubscribeFromFriendStatus ( props . friend . id , handleStatusChange ) ; } ; } ) ; if ( isOnline === null ) { return 'Loading...' ; } return isOnline ? 'Online' : 'Offline' ; } In this example, React would unsubscribe from our ChatAPI when the component unmounts, as well as before re-running the effect due to a subsequent render. (If you want, there’s a way to tell React to skip re-subscribing if the props.friend.id we passed to ChatAPI didn’t change.) Just like with useState , you can use more than a single effect in a component: function FriendStatusWithCounter ( props ) { const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ) ; useEffect ( ( ) => { document . title = ` You clicked ${ count } times ` ; } ) ; const [ isOnline , setIsOnline ] = useState ( null ) ; useEffect ( ( ) => { ChatAPI . subscribeToFriendStatus ( props . friend . id , handleStatusChange ) ; return ( ) => { ChatAPI . unsubscribeFromFriendStatus ( props . friend . id , handleStatusChange ) ; } ; } ) ; function handleStatusChange ( status ) { setIsOnline ( status . isOnline ) ; } // ... Hooks let you organize side effects in a component by what pieces are related (such as adding and removing a subscription), rather than forcing a split based on lifecycle methods. Detailed Explanation You can learn more about useEffect on a dedicated page: Using the Effect Hook . ✌️ Rules of Hooks Hooks are JavaScript functions, but they impose two additional rules: Only call Hooks at the top level . Don’t call Hooks inside loops, conditions, or nested functions. Only call Hooks from React function components . Don’t call Hooks from regular JavaScript functions. (There is just one other valid place to call Hooks — your own custom Hooks. We’ll learn about them in a moment.) We provide a linter plugin to enforce these rules automatically. We understand these rules might seem limiting or confusing at first, but they are essential to making Hooks work well. Detailed Explanation You can learn more about these rules on a dedicated page: Rules of Hooks . 💡 Building Your Own Hooks Sometimes, we want to reuse some stateful logic between components. Traditionally, there were two popular solutions to this problem: higher-order components and render props . Custom Hooks let you do this, but without adding more components to your tree. Earlier on this page, we introduced a FriendStatus component that calls the useState and useEffect Hooks to subscribe to a friend’s online status. Let’s say we also want to reuse this subscription logic in another component. First, we’ll extract this logic into a custom Hook called useFriendStatus : import React , { useState , useEffect } from 'react' ; function useFriendStatus ( friendID ) { const [ isOnline , setIsOnline ] = useState ( null ) ; function handleStatusChange ( status ) { setIsOnline ( status . isOnline ) ; } useEffect ( ( ) => { ChatAPI . subscribeToFriendStatus ( friendID , handleStatusChange ) ; return ( ) => { ChatAPI . unsubscribeFromFriendStatus ( friendID , handleStatusChange ) ; } ; } ) ; return isOnline ; } It takes friendID as an argument, and returns whether our friend is online. Now we can use it from both components: function FriendStatus ( props ) { const isOnline = useFriendStatus ( props . friend . id ) ; if ( isOnline === null ) { return 'Loading...' ; } return isOnline ? 'Online' : 'Offline' ; } function FriendListItem ( props ) { const isOnline = useFriendStatus ( props . friend . id ) ; return ( < li style = { { color : isOnline ? 'green' : 'black' } } > { props . friend . name } </ li > ) ; } The state of each component is completely independent. Hooks are a way to reuse stateful logic , not state itself. In fact, each call to a Hook has a completely isolated state — so you can even use the same custom Hook twice in one component. Custom Hooks are more of a convention than a feature. If a function’s name starts with ” use ” and it calls other Hooks, we say it is a custom Hook. The useSomething naming convention is how our linter plugin is able to find bugs in the code using Hooks. You can write custom Hooks that cover a wide range of use cases like form handling, animation, declarative subscriptions, timers, and probably many more we haven’t considered. We are excited to see what custom Hooks the React community will come up with. Detailed Explanation You can learn more about custom Hooks on a dedicated page: Building Your Own Hooks . 🔌 Other Hooks There are a few less commonly used built-in Hooks that you might find useful. For example, useContext lets you subscribe to React context without introducing nesting: function Example ( ) { const locale = useContext ( LocaleContext ) ; const theme = useContext ( ThemeContext ) ; // ... } And useReducer lets you manage local state of complex components with a reducer: function Todos ( ) { const [ todos , dispatch ] = useReducer ( todosReducer ) ; // ... Detailed Explanation You can learn more about all the built-in Hooks on a dedicated page: Hooks API Reference . Next Steps Phew, that was fast! If some things didn’t quite make sense or you’d like to learn more in detail, you can read the next pages, starting with the State Hook documentation. You can also check out the Hooks API reference and the Hooks FAQ . Finally, don’t miss the introduction page which explains why we’re adding Hooks and how we’ll start using them side by side with classes — without rewriting our apps. Is this page useful? Edit this page Installation Getting Started Add React to a Website Create a New React App CDN Links Release Channels Main Concepts 1. Hello World 2. Introducing JSX 3. Rendering Elements 4. Components and Props 5. State and Lifecycle 6. Handling Events 7. Conditional Rendering 8. Lists and Keys 9. Forms 10. Lifting State Up 11. Composition vs Inheritance 12. Thinking In React Advanced Guides Accessibility Code-Splitting Context Error Boundaries Forwarding Refs Fragments Higher-Order Components Integrating with Other Libraries JSX In Depth Optimizing Performance Portals Profiler React Without ES6 React Without JSX Reconciliation Refs and the DOM Render Props Static Type Checking Strict Mode Typechecking With PropTypes Uncontrolled Components Web Components API Reference React React.Component ReactDOM ReactDOMClient ReactDOMServer DOM Elements SyntheticEvent Test Utilities Test Renderer JS Environment Requirements Glossary Hooks 1. Introducing Hooks 2. Hooks at a Glance 3. Using the State Hook 4. Using the Effect Hook 5. Rules of Hooks 6. Building Your Own Hooks 7. Hooks API Reference 8. Hooks FAQ Testing Testing Overview Testing Recipes Testing Environments Contributing How to Contribute Codebase Overview Implementation Notes Design Principles FAQ AJAX and APIs Babel, JSX, and Build Steps Passing Functions to Components Component State Styling and CSS File Structure Versioning Policy Virtual DOM and Internals Previous article Introducing Hooks Next article Using the State Hook Docs Installation Main Concepts Advanced Guides API Reference Hooks Testing Contributing FAQ Channels GitHub Stack Overflow Discussion Forums Reactiflux Chat DEV Community Facebook Twitter Community Code of Conduct Community Resources More Tutorial Blog Acknowledgements React Native Privacy Terms Copyright © 2025 Meta Platforms, Inc. | 2026-01-13T08:49:11 |
https://dev.to/t/productivity/page/3#main-content | Productivity Page 3 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Productivity Follow Hide Productivity includes tips on how to use tools and software, process optimization, useful references, experience, and mindstate optimization. Create Post submission guidelines Please check if your article contains information or discussion bases about productivity. From posts with the tag #productivity we expect tips on how to use tools and software, process optimization, useful references, experience, and mindstate optimization. Productivity is a very broad term with many aspects and topics. From the color design of the office to personal rituals, anything can contribute to increase / optimize your own productivity or that of a team. about #productivity Does my article fit the tag? It depends! Productivity is a very broad term with many aspects and topics. From the color design of the office to personal rituals, anything can contribute to increase / optimize your own productivity or that of a team. Older #productivity posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu The Creator's Paradox in the AI Era: How to Stay Generative When Everything Gets Scraped Narnaiezzsshaa Truong Narnaiezzsshaa Truong Narnaiezzsshaa Truong Follow Jan 11 The Creator's Paradox in the AI Era: How to Stay Generative When Everything Gets Scraped # discuss # ai # productivity # career Comments Add Comment 2 min read What's new in Webpixels v3 Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Follow Jan 12 What's new in Webpixels v3 # webdev # programming # ai # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read EU Digital Omnibus: New Requirements for Websites and Online Services Mehwish Malik Mehwish Malik Mehwish Malik Follow Jan 12 EU Digital Omnibus: New Requirements for Websites and Online Services # webdev # ai # beginners # productivity 17 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Code Coverage Best Practices for Agentic Development Ariel Frischer Ariel Frischer Ariel Frischer Follow Jan 11 Code Coverage Best Practices for Agentic Development # webdev # programming # ai # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read I Built a Tool That Made Claude 122% Better at Understanding My Codebase Joseph Goksu Joseph Goksu Joseph Goksu Follow Jan 11 I Built a Tool That Made Claude 122% Better at Understanding My Codebase # ai # devtools # opensource # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read [TIL] Markdown Paste: A VSCode Powerhouse for Pasting Images Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [TIL] Markdown Paste: A VSCode Powerhouse for Pasting Images # productivity # tooling # vscode Comments Add Comment 2 min read From Stack Overflow to AI Agents: Why I Stopped Fighting and Started Orchestrating in 2025 Carlos Chao(El Frontend) Carlos Chao(El Frontend) Carlos Chao(El Frontend) Follow Jan 11 From Stack Overflow to AI Agents: Why I Stopped Fighting and Started Orchestrating in 2025 # webdev # ai # productivity # career Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Microsoft System Design Interview Resources That Actually Helped Me Land the Job Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Jan 12 The Microsoft System Design Interview Resources That Actually Helped Me Land the Job # career # systemdesign # productivity # developers Comments Add Comment 4 min read Setting up your own n8n service for better information flow (IFTTT alternative) Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Setting up your own n8n service for better information flow (IFTTT alternative) # automation # productivity # tutorial # opensource Comments Add Comment 3 min read Burnout vs PTSD in the Workplace: Similar Background Programs, Different Trigger Sets (A Clinical Control-Systems View) Connie Baugher Connie Baugher Connie Baugher Follow Jan 11 Burnout vs PTSD in the Workplace: Similar Background Programs, Different Trigger Sets (A Clinical Control-Systems View) # mentalhealth # career # neuroscience # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read I Built a Study Timer Competitor That Converted My Procrastination into a Game Sadman Abid Sadman Abid Sadman Abid Follow Jan 11 I Built a Study Timer Competitor That Converted My Procrastination into a Game # productivity # webdev # learning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Book Sharing: When to Jump: The Science of Timing Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Book Sharing: When to Jump: The Science of Timing # learning # productivity # resources Comments Add Comment 6 min read [TIL] Adding a Nice Contributors Icon to Github Releases Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [TIL] Adding a Nice Contributors Icon to Github Releases # learning # github # productivity # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read Book Sharing: Life Begins at 40: What to Do Based on the Experiences of 10,000 People Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Book Sharing: Life Begins at 40: What to Do Based on the Experiences of 10,000 People # career # productivity # resources Comments Add Comment 7 min read [TIL] Exporting from Apple Notes Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [TIL] Exporting from Apple Notes # security # ios # productivity # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read Book Sharing: Miracle Questions for High-Performing Teams Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Book Sharing: Miracle Questions for High-Performing Teams # leadership # management # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read GitHub Copilot: Make Your Commit Messages More Engaging with Custom Instructions Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 GitHub Copilot: Make Your Commit Messages More Engaging with Custom Instructions # ai # github # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read Book Review: Dyson - The Inventor's Life Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Book Review: Dyson - The Inventor's Life # learning # motivation # career # productivity Comments Add Comment 4 min read How I stopped Claude Code from hallucinating on Day 4 (The "Spec-Driven" Workflow) Samarth Hathwar Samarth Hathwar Samarth Hathwar Follow Jan 12 How I stopped Claude Code from hallucinating on Day 4 (The "Spec-Driven" Workflow) # productivity # ai # claudecode # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read [n8n][Gemini] Building an AI-Powered RSS Summary System with Daily LINE Notifications Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [n8n][Gemini] Building an AI-Powered RSS Summary System with Daily LINE Notifications # gemini # automation # productivity # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read AI, Confluence Docs, and READMEs: Why AI Written Docs End Up Unread ujjavala ujjavala ujjavala Follow Jan 12 AI, Confluence Docs, and READMEs: Why AI Written Docs End Up Unread # discuss # webdev # ai # productivity 18 reactions Comments 5 comments 4 min read The Builds That Last Manifesto Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow Jan 11 The Builds That Last Manifesto # programming # career # productivity # architecture Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building Career Architect: An AI-Powered Job Application Pipeline for Engineers Henry Ohanga Henry Ohanga Henry Ohanga Follow Jan 11 Building Career Architect: An AI-Powered Job Application Pipeline for Engineers # automation # ai # career # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read I Built aioflare — A Tool to Manage Multiple Cloudflare Accounts (Beta) Dev_liq Dev_liq Dev_liq Follow Jan 11 I Built aioflare — A Tool to Manage Multiple Cloudflare Accounts (Beta) # showdev # devops # productivity # tooling Comments Add Comment 4 min read NordVPN Privacy is a Rip-Off for Most Users (But a Beast for One Specific Group) ii-x ii-x ii-x Follow Jan 11 NordVPN Privacy is a Rip-Off for Most Users (But a Beast for One Specific Group) # ai # tech # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/miltivik/how-i-built-a-high-performance-social-api-with-bun-elysiajs-on-a-5-vps-handling-36k-reqsmin-5do4#the-fixes | How I built a high-performance Social API with Bun & ElysiaJS on a $5 VPS (handling 3.6k reqs/min) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse nicomedina Posted on Jan 13 How I built a high-performance Social API with Bun & ElysiaJS on a $5 VPS (handling 3.6k reqs/min) # bunjs # api # javascript # programming The Goal I wanted to build a "Micro-Social" API—a backend service capable of handling Twitter-like feeds, follows, and likes—without breaking the bank. My constraints were simple: Budget:** $5 - $20 / month. Performance:** Sub-300ms latency. Scale:** Must handle concurrent load (stress testing). Most tutorials show you Hello World . This post shows you what happens when you actually hit Hello World with 25 concurrent users on a cheap VPS. (Spoiler: It crashes). Here is how I fixed it. ## The Stack 🛠️ I chose Bun over Node.js for its startup speed and built-in tooling. Runtime: Bun Framework: ElysiaJS (Fastest Bun framework) Database: PostgreSQL (via Dokploy) ORM: Drizzle (Lightweight & Type-safe) Hosting: VPS with Dokploy (Docker Compose) The "Oh Sh*t" Moment 🚨 I deployed my first version. It worked fine for me. Then I ran a load test using k6 to simulate 25 virtual users browsing various feeds. k6 run tests/stress-test.js Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Result: ✗ http_req_failed................: 86.44% ✗ status is 429..................: 86.44% The server wasn't crashing, but it was rejecting almost everyone. Diagnosis I initially blamed Traefik (the reverse proxy). But digging into the code, I found the culprit was me . // src/index.ts // OLD CONFIGURATION . use ( rateLimit ({ duration : 60 _000 , max : 100 // 💀 100 requests per minute... GLOBAL per IP? })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Since my stress test (and likely any future NATed corporate office) sent all requests from a single IP, I was essentially DDOSing myself. The Fixes 🔧 1. Tuning the Rate Limiter I bumped the limit to 2,500 req/min . This prevents abuse while allowing heavy legitimate traffic (or load balancers). // src/index.ts . use ( rateLimit ({ duration : 60 _000 , max : 2500 // Much better for standard reliable APIs })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Database Connection Pooling The default Postgres pool size is often small (e.g., 10 or 20). My VPS has 4GB RAM. PostgreSQL needs RAM for connections, but not that much. I bumped the pool to 80 connections . // src/db/index.ts const client = postgres ( process . env . DATABASE_URL , { max : 80 }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Horizontal Scaling with Docker Node/Bun is single-threaded. A single container uses 1 CPU core effectivey. My VPS has 2 vCPUs. I added a replicas instruction to my docker-compose.dokploy.yml : api : build : . restart : always deploy : replicas : 2 # One for each core! Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This instantly doubled my throughput capacity. Traefik automatically load-balances between the two containers. The Final Result 🟢 Ran k6 again: ✓ checks_succeeded...: 100.00% ✓ http_req_duration..: p(95)=200.45ms ✓ http_req_failed....: 0.00% (excluding auth checks) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 0 errors. 200ms latency. On a cheap VPS. Takeaway You don't need Kubernetes for a side project. You just need to understand where your bottlenecks are: Application Layer: Check your Rate Limits. Database Layer: Check your Connection Pool. Hardware: Use all your cores (Replicas). If you want to try the API, I published it on RapidAPI as Micro-Social API . https://rapidapi.com/ismamed4/api/micro-social Happy coding! 🚀 Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Olivia John Olivia John Olivia John Follow Curious about what makes apps succeed (or fail). Sharing lessons from real-world performance stories. Pronouns She/Her Joined Jun 24, 2025 • Jan 13 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great article! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse nicomedina Follow Hello im a Uruguayan Developer and im a person who always want to search, learn, and adapt new habit or skills in me. Location Uruguay Education UTEC Pronouns He/His Joined Jan 11, 2026 Trending on DEV Community Hot Stop Overengineering: How to Write Clean Code That Actually Ships 🚀 # discuss # javascript # programming # webdev 🧗♂️Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Max Dot Product of Two Subsequences' – LeetCode 1458 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript What was your win this week??? # weeklyretro # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:11 |
https://dev.to/tatyanabayramova/accessibility-testing-on-windows-on-mac-48e4#main-content | Accessibility Testing on Windows on Mac - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Tatyana Bayramova, CPACC Posted on May 13, 2025 • Originally published at tatanotes.com Accessibility Testing on Windows on Mac # a11y # testing # web # discuss Today's note is about something that I, as a new Mac user, had to deal with while setting up my work environment. TL;DR: To run NVDA and JAWS on a Mac, you need to install Windows 11 for ARM in a virtual machine like UTM , and map a spare key to the Insert key with SharpKeys . Why do accessibility testing on Windows if you have a Mac? According to the WebAIM Screen Reader User Survey #10 , Windows-only screen readers NVDA and JAWS are used by the majority of users. Just like browsers, screen readers have differences in how they present information, so it's always a good idea to test your website or app using different browser/screen reader combinations. In addition, some of the styling, like box shadows, background images, and so on, is removed when Windows High Contrast Mode (WHCM) is enabled. Sadly, there is no alternative to the WHCM on the Mac. Installation Step 1 – Installing a virtual machine There are multiple virtual machines available on Mac, such as Parallels, VirtualBox, and UTM. I'm using UTM, but this guide doesn't depend on its specifics, so you can choose whatever works for you. You can download UTM for free from the official website . You can also purchase it from the Mac App Store to support the team behind the software. Step 2 – Installing Windows When you have got UTM up and running, create a new virtual machine. You will need a Windows installation disk image, which you can download from the Microsoft website . Click on "Create a New Virtual Machine", select "Virtualize", and follow the wizard. You will need to specify the path to the installation ISO here. Step 3 – Installing screen readers Both NVDA and JAWS work on ARM-based devices now, so you can install them in a virtual machine, just as you would on a real device. If you would like to install any other programs, make sure that they also support ARM processors. Step 4 – Mapping missing keys Due to the fact that Mac and Windows use different keyboards, you are not able to use the Insert key in your UTM virtual machine. (You will need it for the various shortcuts for NVDA and JAWS.) You have to use a third-party program to remap keys on Mac or Windows level. I'm using SharpKeys – an open-source program for Windows. Download, install, and run SharpKeys inside the virtual machine . Click on the "Add" button. In the new window, find "Special: Insert" on the right. In the left list, select a key that you would like to act as the Insert key. For instance, if you select F1 on the left, every time you press F1 key inside your virtual machine, it will register as Insert. Make sure to map a key that is not used in any shortcuts. Once finished, press "OK", and then "Write to registry" to save changes – it will not work otherwise. At this point, you're good to go and start your accessibility testing. Hooray! Step 5 (bonus) – Accessing localhost If you are developing a project and running it locally, you might want to do quality assurance before deploying changes. For this, you need to be able to access your project at http://localhost:port from within the virtual machine. One way to do that with UTM is to set the network mode for the virtual machine to "Shared Network". Then, look up the Default Gateway IP address in Windows, which you can do by running ipconfig command in the Command Prompt: Now make sure that your project is accepting requests to this IP address. For example, to run a SvelteKit project in development mode and accept connections on all available IP addresses, you need to slightly modify the default command: npm run dev -- --host Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode You can find a similar command for your tool. Extensive accessibility testing is important Mac is a great platform for web development. However, the reality is that majority of desktop users are Windows users. Thanks to tools like UTM, we are able to run Windows and Windows-specific software directly on a Mac. By testing on a wide range of tools and platforms, we make the Web accessible for all. What is your setup? Share it in the comments! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Tatyana Bayramova, CPACC Follow Senior Software Engineer | CPACC | IAAP Member | Accessibility Joined Dec 3, 2024 More from Tatyana Bayramova, CPACC AI in Assistive Technologies for People with Visual Impairments # discuss # a11y # ai # news Glaucoma Awareness Month # a11y # discuss # news Our Rights, Our Future, Right Now - Celebrating Human Rights Day # a11y # discuss # news # learning 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions inboryn 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Nov 30, 2025 More info about @inboryn_99399f96579fcd705 Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 27 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Why Your Kubernetes Gateway API Migration Will Fail (And How to Fix It) inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Jan 13 Why Your Kubernetes Gateway API Migration Will Fail (And How to Fix It) # kubernetes # apigateway # devops Comments Add Comment 2 min read Kubernetes Namespace Isolation: Why It's Not a Security Feature (And What Actually Is) inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Jan 12 Kubernetes Namespace Isolation: Why It's Not a Security Feature (And What Actually Is) # kubernetes # devops # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read 7 Free DevOps Tools That Replaced My $5K/Month SaaS Stack inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Jan 9 7 Free DevOps Tools That Replaced My $5K/Month SaaS Stack Comments Add Comment 3 min read How I Reduced Docker Images from 1.2GB to 180MB inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Jan 8 How I Reduced Docker Images from 1.2GB to 180MB # webdev # devops # docker Comments Add Comment 3 min read How I Debug Kubernetes Pods in Production (Without Breaking Things) inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Jan 7 How I Debug Kubernetes Pods in Production (Without Breaking Things) # kubernetes # devops # docker Comments Add Comment 5 min read Why Your Terraform Modules Are Technical Debt (And What to Do About It) inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Jan 6 Why Your Terraform Modules Are Technical Debt (And What to Do About It) # terraform # devops # architecture # webdev Comments Add Comment 5 min read Stop Blaming AI: The Real Reason Your Projects Fail Is Instructions, Not Intelligence inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Jan 5 Stop Blaming AI: The Real Reason Your Projects Fail Is Instructions, Not Intelligence # ai # webdev # programming # beginners Comments 1 comment 4 min read Google Already Won the AI Race. Here's Why Everyone Else Lost. inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Jan 4 Google Already Won the AI Race. Here's Why Everyone Else Lost. # gcp # gemini # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read The 5 DevOps Skills That Actually Matter in 2026 inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Jan 3 The 5 DevOps Skills That Actually Matter in 2026 # ai # resources Comments Add Comment 3 min read 2025 Was About Chatbots. 2026 Is About Agents. Here's the Difference. inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Jan 2 2025 Was About Chatbots. 2026 Is About Agents. Here's the Difference. # agents # ai # automation Comments Add Comment 5 min read AI Development 2025: The Complete Year in Review – ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, and the Race That Changed Everything inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Dec 31 '25 AI Development 2025: The Complete Year in Review – ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, and the Race That Changed Everything # chatgpt # gemini # ai Comments Add Comment 4 min read Cloud Computing Trends 2026: Why AI Workloads Are Completely Moving to the Cloud (No More On-Prem) inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Dec 30 '25 Cloud Computing Trends 2026: Why AI Workloads Are Completely Moving to the Cloud (No More On-Prem) # ai # cloud # aws # gcp Comments Add Comment 4 min read Azure’s New GCP Connector: Single Pane of Glass for Multi-Cloud Management (AWS, Azure, GCP in 2026) inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Dec 29 '25 Azure’s New GCP Connector: Single Pane of Glass for Multi-Cloud Management (AWS, Azure, GCP in 2026) # gcp # ai # aws # azure Comments Add Comment 3 min read Top 10 IaC Tools for DevOps in 2026: Which One Wins for Multi-Cloud? (Terraform, Pulumi, OpenTofu Compared) inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Dec 27 '25 Top 10 IaC Tools for DevOps in 2026: Which One Wins for Multi-Cloud? (Terraform, Pulumi, OpenTofu Compared) # kubernetes # gcp # security # ai Comments Add Comment 3 min read Gemini 3.0 vs GPT 5.2: The 2025 AI Model War from a DevOps Perspective (Production Reality Check) inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Dec 22 '25 Gemini 3.0 vs GPT 5.2: The 2025 AI Model War from a DevOps Perspective (Production Reality Check) # gemini # chatgpt # devops # ai Comments Add Comment 5 min read Kubernetes 1.35 Security: 7 Game-Changing Features Released Today (DevSecOps Must-Know) inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Dec 17 '25 Kubernetes 1.35 Security: 7 Game-Changing Features Released Today (DevSecOps Must-Know) # news # kubernetes # devops # security Comments Add Comment 4 min read ArgoCD vs FluxCD in 2025: The Weaveworks Shutdown Changed Everything (Which GitOps Tool to Choose) inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Dec 16 '25 ArgoCD vs FluxCD in 2025: The Weaveworks Shutdown Changed Everything (Which GitOps Tool to Choose) # devops # cicd # development Comments Add Comment 7 min read Cost Optimization: Why ECS Fargate Costs 3x More Than Kubernetes (2026 Reality Check) inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Dec 15 '25 Cost Optimization: Why ECS Fargate Costs 3x More Than Kubernetes (2026 Reality Check) # kubernetes # ecs # aws # devops 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read State Management Patterns for Long-Running AI Agents: Redis vs StatefulSets vs External Databases inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Dec 14 '25 State Management Patterns for Long-Running AI Agents: Redis vs StatefulSets vs External Databases # kubernetes # redis # database # ai Comments Add Comment 3 min read AWS Lambda Is Dead for Production AI Agents (Why 2026 Demands Kubernetes) inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Dec 13 '25 AWS Lambda Is Dead for Production AI Agents (Why 2026 Demands Kubernetes) # aws # lambda # ai # agents Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Observability Tax: What You're Actually Paying for AI Agents (2026 Cost Reality) inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Dec 12 '25 The Observability Tax: What You're Actually Paying for AI Agents (2026 Cost Reality) # ai # llm Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why Kubernetes Is Your Agent Infrastructure Backbone (2026 DevOps Reality) inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Dec 10 '25 Why Kubernetes Is Your Agent Infrastructure Backbone (2026 DevOps Reality) # kubernetes # ai # agentaichallenge Comments Add Comment 4 min read Google Strikes Back: Gemini Code Autonomy vs AWS Kiro (The Agent Wars) inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Dec 9 '25 Google Strikes Back: Gemini Code Autonomy vs AWS Kiro (The Agent Wars) # ai # aws # gcp # googlecloud Comments Add Comment 1 min read Anthropic Acquires Bun: Why AI Agents Need a Lightweight Runtime inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Dec 8 '25 Anthropic Acquires Bun: Why AI Agents Need a Lightweight Runtime # devplusplus # ai # agents # cloudnative Comments Add Comment 3 min read Stop Waiting for a Breach. 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Let This Open-Source AI Agent Hack You First # testing # devops # security # agents Comments Add Comment 2 min read The AWS re:Invent 2025 Cheat Sheet: 5 Things You Actually Need to Know inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Dec 6 '25 The AWS re:Invent 2025 Cheat Sheet: 5 Things You Actually Need to Know # news # aws # cloud # learning Comments Add Comment 2 min read NGINX Ingress Retiring by March 2026: Complete Migration to Gateway API inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Nov 30 '25 NGINX Ingress Retiring by March 2026: Complete Migration to Gateway API # kubernetes # devops # apigateway # nginx Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/thenjdevopsguy/kubernetes-ingress-vs-service-mesh-2ee2#popular-ingress-controllers-and-service-mesh-platforms | Kubernetes Ingress vs Service Mesh - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Michael Levan Posted on Jun 15, 2022 • Edited on Aug 6, 2025 Kubernetes Ingress vs Service Mesh # kubernetes # devops # cloud # git Networking in Kubernetes is no easy task. Whether you’re on the application side or the operations side, you need to think about networking. Whether it’s connectivity between clusters, control planes, and worker nodes, or connectivity between Kubernetes Services and Pods, it all becomes a task that needs a large amount of focus and effort. In this blog post, you’ll learn about what a service mesh is, what ingress is, and why you need both. What’s A Service Mesh When you deploy applications inside of Kubernetes, there are two primary ways that the apps are talking to each other: Service-to-Service communication Pod-to-Pod communication Pod-to-Pod communication isn’t exactly recommended because Pods are ephemeral, which means they aren’t permanent. They are designed to go down at any time and only if they’re part of a StatefulSet would they keep any type of unique identifier. However, Pods still need to be able to communicate with each other because microservices need to talk. Backends need to talk to frontends, middleware needs to talk to backends and frontends, etc… The next primary communication is Services. Services are the preferred method because a Service isn’t ephemeral and only gets deleted if specified by an engineer. Pods are able to connect to Services with Selectors (sometimes called Tags), so if a Pod goes down but the Selector in the Kubernetes Manifest that deployed the Pod doesn’t change, the new Pod will be connected to the Service. In short, a Service sits in front of Pods almost like a load balancer would (not to be confused with the LoadBalancer service type). Here’s the problem: all of this traffic is unencrypted by default. Pod-to-Pod communication, or as some people like to call it, East-West Traffic, and Service-to-Service is completely unencrypted. That means if for any reason an environment is compromised or you have some segregation concerns, there’s nothing out of the box that you can do. A Service Mesh handles a lot of that for you. A Service Mesh: Encrypts traffic between Services Helps with network latency troubleshooting Securely connects Kubernetes Services Observability for tracing and alerting The key piece here, aside from the encryption between services (using mTLS) is the network observability and routing implementations. As a small example, the following routing rule forwards traffic to /rooms via a delegate VirtualService object/kind named roompage . apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1 kind: VirtualService metadata: name: hotebooking spec: hosts: - "hotelbooking.com" gateways: - hbgateway http: - match: - uri: prefix: "/rooms" delegate: name: roompage namespace: rooms Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode You have full control over the "what and how" in terms of routing. What’s Ingress Outside of the need for secure communication between microservices, you need a way to interact with frontend apps. The typical way is with a load balancer that’s connected to a Service. You can also use a NodePort, but in the cloud world, you’ll mostly see load balancers being used. Here’s the problem; cloud load balancers are expensive literally and figuratively. You have to pay money for each cloud load balancer that you have. Having a few applications may not be a big deal, but what about if you have 50 or 100? Not to mention that you have to manage all of those cloud load balancers. If a Kubernetes Service disconnects from the load balancer for whatever reason, it’s your job to go in and fix it. With Kubernetes Ingress Controllers, the management and cost nightmare is abstracted from you. An Ingress Controller allows you to have: One load balancer Multiple applications (Kubernetes Services) pointing to it You can create one load balancer and have every Kubernetes Service point to it that's within the specific web application from a routing perspective. Then, you can access each Kubernetes Service on a different path. For example, below is an Ingress Spec that points to a Kubernetes Service called nginxservice and outputs it on the path called /nginxappa apiVersion : networking . k8s . io / v1 kind : Ingress metadata : name : ingress - nginxservice - a spec : ingressClassName : nginx - servicea rules : - host : localhost http : paths : - path : / nginxappa pathType : Prefix backend : service : name : nginxservice port : number : 8080 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ingress Controllers are like an Nginx Reverse Proxy. Do You Need Both? My take on it is that you need both. Here’s why: They’re both doing two different jobs. I always like to use the hammer analogy. If I need to hammer a nail, I can use the handle to slam the nail in and eventually it’ll work, but why would I do that if I can use the proper end of the hammer? An Ingress Controller is used to: Make load balancing apps easier A Service Mesh is used to: Secure communication between apps Help out with Kubernetes networking Now, here’s the kicker; there are tools that do both. For example, Istio Ingress is an Ingress Controller, but also has the capability of secure gateways using mTLS. If you’re using one of those tools, great. Just make sure that it handles both communication and security for you in the way that you’re expecting. The recommendation still is to use the proper tool for the job. Both Service Mesh and Ingress are incredibly important, especially as your microservice environment grows. Popular Ingress Controllers and Service Mesh Platforms Below is a list of Ingress Controllers and Service Mesh that are popular in today’s cloud-native world. For Service Mesh: https://istio.io/latest/about/service-mesh/ For Ingress Controllers: https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/ https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/providers/kubernetes-ingress/ https://github.com/Kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller#readme https://istio.io/latest/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ If you want to check out how to get started with the Istio, check out my blog post on it here . Top comments (5) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand trylvis trylvis trylvis Follow Work Infra / Ops / DevOps Engineer Joined Jun 16, 2022 • Jun 16 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice summary! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Michael Levan Michael Levan Michael Levan Follow Building High-Performing Agentic Environments | CNCF Ambassador | Microsoft MVP (Azure) | AWS Community Builder | Published Author & Public Speaker Location North New Jersey Joined Feb 8, 2020 • Jun 17 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you! I'm happy that you enjoyed it. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jan Jurák Jan Jurák Jan Jurák Follow Joined Apr 20, 2021 • Jan 4 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide thank you for introduction into Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand heroes1412 heroes1412 heroes1412 Follow Joined Oct 7, 2022 • Oct 7 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Your article is very good and easy to understand. But how about API Gateway, i see ingress controller can handle API gateway task. what diffenrent? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Michael Levan Michael Levan Michael Levan Follow Building High-Performing Agentic Environments | CNCF Ambassador | Microsoft MVP (Azure) | AWS Community Builder | Published Author & Public Speaker Location North New Jersey Joined Feb 8, 2020 • Oct 7 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I would say the biggest two differences are 1) Ingress Controllers are a Kubernetes Controller in itself, so it's handled in a declarative fashion 2) (correct me if I'm wrong here about API Gateways please) API Gateways are typically an intermediary to route traffic between services. Sort of like a "middle ground". Where-as the ingress controllers are more about handling frontend app traffic. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Michael Levan Follow Building High-Performing Agentic Environments | CNCF Ambassador | Microsoft MVP (Azure) | AWS Community Builder | Published Author & Public Speaker Location North New Jersey Joined Feb 8, 2020 More from Michael Levan Running Any AI Agent on Kubernetes: Step-by-Step # ai # programming # kubernetes # cloud Context-Aware Networking & Runtimes: Agentic End-To-End # ai # kubernetes # programming # cloud Security Holes in MCP Servers and How To Plug Them # programming # ai # kubernetes # docker 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:11 |
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https://dev.to/szabgab/billions-of-unnecessary-files-in-github-i85#some-files-dont-need-to-be-in-git | Billions of unnecessary files in GitHub - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Gabor Szabo Posted on Dec 21, 2022 • Edited on Sep 22, 2023 Billions of unnecessary files in GitHub # github # programming # python # webdev As I was looking for easy assignments for the Open Source Development Course I found something very troubling which is also an opportunity for a lot of teaching and a lot of practice. Some files don't need to be in git The common sense dictates that we rarely need to include generated files in our git repository. There is no point in keeping them in our version control as they can be generated again. (The exception might be if the generation takes a lot of time or can be done only during certain phases of the moon.) Neither is there a need to store 3rd party libraries in our git repository. Instead of that we store a list of our dependencies with the required version and then we download and install them. (Well, the rightfully paranoid might download and save a copy of every 3rd party library they use to ensure it can never disappear, but you'll see we are not talking about that). .gitignore The way to make sure that neither we nor anyone else adds these files to the git repository by mistake is to create a file called .gitignore , include patterns that match the files we would like to exclude from git and add the .gitignore file to our repository. git will ignore those file. They won't even show up when you run git status . The format of the .gitignore file is described in the documentation of .gitignore . In a nutshell: /output.txt Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore the output.txt file in the root of the project. output.txt Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore output.txt anywhere in the project. (in the root or any subdirectory) *.txt Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore all the files with .txt extension venv Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore the venv folder anywhere in the project. There are more. Check the documentation of .gitignore ! Not knowing about .gitignore Apparently a lot of people using git and GitHub don't know about .gitignore The evidence: Python developers use something called virtualenv to make it easy to use different dependencies in different projects. When they create a virtualenv they usually configure it to install all the 3rd party libraries in a folder called venv . This folder we should not include in git. And yet: There are 452M hits for this search venv In a similar way NodeJS developers install their dependencies in a folder called node_modules . There are 2B responses for this search: node_modules Finally, if you use the Finder applications on macOS and open a folder, it will create an empty(!) file called .DS_Store . This file is really not needed anywhere. And yet I saw many copies of it on GitHub. Unfortunately so far I could not figure out how to search for them. The closest I found is this search . Misunderstanding .gitignore There are also many people who misunderstand the way .gitignore works. I can understand it as the wording of the explanation is a bit ambiguous. What we usually say is that If you'd like to make sure that git will ignore the __pycache__ folder then you need to put it in .gitignore . A better way would be to say this: If you'd like to make sure that git will ignore the __pycache__ folder then you need to put its name in the .gitignore file. Without that people might end up creating a folder called .gitignore and moving all the __pycache__ folder to this .gitignore folder. You can see it in this search Help Can you suggest other common cases of unnecessary files in git that should be ignored? Can you help me creating the search for .DS_store in GitHub? Updates More based on the comments: .o files the result of compilation of C and C++ code: .o .class files the result of compilation of Java code: .class .pyc files are compiled Python code. Usually stored in the __pycache__ folder mentioned earlier: .pyc How to create a .gitignore file? A follow-up post: How to create a .gitignore file? Gabor Szabo ・ Dec 29 '22 #github #gitlab #programming Top comments (51) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Brian Kirkpatrick Brian Kirkpatrick Brian Kirkpatrick Follow Aerospace engineer with a passion for programming, an intrigue for information theory, and a soft spot for space! Location Tustin, California Education Harvey Mudd College Work Chief Mod/Sim Engineer Joined Dec 20, 2019 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Did you know the command git clean -Xfd will remove all files from your project that match the current contents of your .gitignore file? I love this trick. Like comment: Like comment: 82 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand cubiclesocial cubiclesocial cubiclesocial Follow CubicleSoft is a software development company with fantastic software products. What do you need to build next? https://github.com/cubiclesoft Location USA Work Software Developer at CubicleSoft Joined Apr 26, 2020 • Jan 7 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Be careful with this one. Some of my repos have bits and pieces I expressly never commit and are in .gitignore but also don't want to branch/stash those things either. Things like files with sensitive configuration information or credentials in them that exist for development/testing purposes but should never reach GitHub. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Perchun Pak Perchun Pak Perchun Pak Follow Hello there! I'm 15 years old Junior+ Backend/Software developer from Ukraine. See perchun.it for more info. Email dev.to@perchun.it Location Ukraine Work Available for hire. Joined Dec 17, 2022 • Jan 9 '23 • Edited on Jan 9 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Maybe use environment variables in your IDE? Or if you're on Linux, you can set those values automatically when you enter the folder with cd . This is much safer in both situations, you will never commit this data and will never delete it. For e.g. syncing it between devices, use password manager (like BitWarden ). Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Real AI Real AI Real AI Follow Joined Apr 28, 2017 • Feb 1 '23 • Edited on Feb 1 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The thing with repos is that git clean -Xfd should not be dangerous, if it is then you have important information that should be stored elsewhere, NOT on the filesystem. Please learn to use a proper pgpagent or something. The filesystem should really be ephemeral. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread cubiclesocial cubiclesocial cubiclesocial Follow CubicleSoft is a software development company with fantastic software products. What do you need to build next? https://github.com/cubiclesoft Location USA Work Software Developer at CubicleSoft Joined Apr 26, 2020 • Feb 2 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Information has to be stored somewhere. And that means everything winds up stored in a file system somewhere. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Exoutia Exoutia Exoutia Follow A techgeek Education Techno Main Saltlake Work Student Joined Dec 17, 2021 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was just looking for this comman I wanted to remove some of the sqlite files from GitHub Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This won't remove the already committed files from github. It removes the files from your local disk that should not be committed to git. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Arik Arik Arik Follow Software Engineer Location FL Education Self Taught Work Freelance Joined May 26, 2018 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Lifesaver! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Seth Berrier Seth Berrier Seth Berrier Follow Teacher of computer science and game design and development in Western Wisconsin; modern JS and web tech advocate! Location Menomonie, WI Education PhD in Computer Science Work Associate Prof. of Computer Science at University of Wisconsin Stout Joined Oct 28, 2019 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Game engine projects often have very large cache folders that contain auto generated files which should not be checked into repositories. There are well established .gitignore files to help keep these out of GitHub, but people all to often don't use them. For Unity projects, "Library" off the root is a cache (hard to search for that one, it's too generic). For Unreal, "DerivedDataCache" is another ( search link ) There's also visual studio's debug symbol files with extension .pdb. these can get pretty damn big and often show up in repos when they shouldn't: search link Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 23 '22 • Edited on Dec 23 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks! That actually gave me the idea to open the recommended gitignore files and use those as the criteria for searches. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Chris Hansen Chris Hansen Chris Hansen Follow Location Salt Lake City, UT Joined Sep 16, 2019 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide See also gitignore generators like gitignore.io . For example, this generated .gitignore has some interesting ones like *.log and *.tmp . Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Kolja Kolja Kolja Follow Joined Oct 7, 2021 • Dec 21 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Does GitHub really store duplicate files? Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 21 '22 • Edited on Dec 21 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I don't know how github stores the files, but I am primarily interested in the health of each individual project. Having these files stored and then probably updated later will cause misunderstandings and it will make harder to track changes. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Follow I am a programmer with about more than 15 years of experience. I have worked in many programming languages, both as a hobby and professionally. My favorites are Java, Kotlin, PHP, and Python Location Hungary Joined Jan 31, 2022 • Dec 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Duplicate or not, git clone is create them. 😞 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am not sure I understand what you meant by this comment. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Follow I am a programmer with about more than 15 years of experience. I have worked in many programming languages, both as a hobby and professionally. My favorites are Java, Kotlin, PHP, and Python Location Hungary Joined Jan 31, 2022 • Dec 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It doesn't matter if github stores it in duplicate or not, because git clone will create it unnecessarily on the client side. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Right Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Comment deleted Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Jan 7 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am sorry, but it is unclear what you mean by that comment and what does that image refer to? Could you elaborate, please? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Thomas Bnt Thomas Bnt Thomas Bnt Follow French web developer mainly but touches everything. Volunteer admin mod here at DEV. I learn Nuxt at this moment and databases. — Addict to Cappuccino and Music Location France Pronouns He/him Work IAM Consultant @ Ariovis Joined May 5, 2017 • Jan 7 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide He demonstrates how to lighten your open source projects with the use of .gitignore . 👍🏼 At no time does he point at people and tell them that. Why do you think like that? 🤔 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Alex Oladele Alex Oladele Alex Oladele Follow Constantly wanting to learn more Email oladelaa@gmail.com Location Raleigh, NC Education Miami University Work Application Developer at IBM Joined Sep 9, 2017 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I manage a GitHub Enterprise instance for work and this is soooo incredibly important actually. The files you commit to git really build up overtime. Even if you "remove" a file in a subsequent commit, it is still in git history, which means you're still cloning down giant repo history whenever you clone. You might think: "oh well so what? What's the big deal? This is a normal part of the development cycle" Let's couple these large repo clones with automation that triggers multiple times a day. Now let's say that a bunch of other people are also doing automated clones of repos with large git histories. The amount of network traffic that this generates is actually significant and starts to impact performance for everyone . Not to mention that the code has to live on a server somewhere, so its likely costing your company a lot of money just o be able to host it. * General advice whether you're using GitHub Enterprise or not: * Utilize a .gitignore from the start! Be overzealous in adding things to your .gitignore file because its likely safer for you. I use Toptal to generate my gitignores personally If you're committing files or scripts that are larger than 100mb, just go ahead and use git-lfs to commit them. You're minimizing your repo history that way Try to only retain source code in git. Of course there will be times where you need to store images and maybe some documents, but really try to limit the amount of non source-code files that you store in git. Images and other non text-based files can't be diffed with git so they're essentially just reuploaded to git. This builds up very quickly Weirdly enough, making changes to a bunch of minified files can actually be more harmful to git due to the way it diffs. If git has to search for a change in a single line of text, it still has to change that entire (single) line. Having spacing in your code makes it easier to diff things with git since only a small part of the file has to change instead of the entire file. If you pushed a large file to git and realized that you truly do not need it in git, use BFG repo cleaner to remove it from your git history. This WILL mess with your git history, so I wouldn't use it lighty, but its an incredibly powerful and useful tool for completely removing large files from git history. Utilize git-sizer to see how large your repo truly is. Cloning your repo and then looking at the size on disk is probably misleading because its likely not factoring in git history. Review your automation that interacts with your version control platform. Do you really need to clone this repo 10 times an hour? Does it really make a difference to the outcome if you limited it to half that amount? A lot of times you can reduce the number of git operations you're making which just helps the server overall Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mohammad Hosein Balkhani Mohammad Hosein Balkhani Mohammad Hosein Balkhani Follow Eating Pizza ... Location Linux Kernel Education Master of Information Technology ( MBA ) Work Senior Software Engineer at BtcEx Joined Aug 18, 2018 • Dec 25 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was really shocked, i read your article 3 times and opened the node modules search to believe this. Wow GitHub should start to alert this people! Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Darren Cunningham Darren Cunningham Darren Cunningham Follow Cloud Architect, Golang enthusiast, breaker of things Location Columbus, OH Work Engineer at Rhove Joined Nov 13, 2019 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide github.com/community/community#mak... Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Neo Sibanda Neo Sibanda Neo Sibanda Follow Social Enthusiast Social Media Marketer Content Creator Growth Advocate Email neosibanda@gmail.com Location Harare, Zimbabwe Education IMM Graduate School of marketing Work Remote work Joined Dec 19, 2022 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Ignored files are usually build artifacts and machine generated files that can be derived from your repository source or should otherwise not be committed. Some common examples are: dependency caches, such as the contents of /node_modules or /packages. compiled code, such as .o , .pyc , and .class files. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I've updated the article based on your suggestions. Thanks. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Follow Web developer, tinkerer, take-aparterer (and, sometimes, put-back-togetherer) Location Melbourne, Australia Work Front End Developer at Art Processors Joined Jul 23, 2019 • Dec 21 '22 • Edited on Dec 21 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good explanation of .gitgnore Don’t forget those .env files as well! GitHub’s extension search parameter doesn’t require the dot, so your .DS_Store search should work if you make that small change extension:DS_Store https://github.com/search?q=extension%3ADS_Store&type=Code Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ethan Azariah Ethan Azariah Ethan Azariah Follow Hello! I'm a crazy guy with OS-dev interests who sometimes argues for no reason. Trying to kick the habit. ;) Formerly known as Ethan Gardener Joined Jan 7, 2020 • Dec 29 '22 • Edited on Dec 29 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was quite used to configuring everything by text file when I first encountered Git in 2005, but I still needed a little help and a little practice to get used to .gitignore. :) I think the most help was seeing examples in other peoples' projects; that's what usually works for me. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Posandu Posandu Posandu Follow Joined Jun 24, 2021 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The .gitignore folder search link is wrong. It should have the query .gitignore/ not .gitignore https://github.com/search?q=path%3A.gitignore%2F&type=code Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yours looks more correct, but I get the same results for both searches. Currently I get for both searches: 1,386,986 code results Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Posandu Posandu Posandu Follow Joined Jun 24, 2021 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Weird, I get two different results. 🤣 .gitignore/ .gitignore Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You use night-mode and I use day-mode. That must be the explanation. 🤔 Also I have a menu at the top, next to the search box with items such as "Pull requests", "Issues", ... and you don't. Either some configuration or we are on different branches of their AB testing. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jakub Narębski Jakub Narębski Jakub Narębski Follow Location Toruń, Poland Education Ph.D. in Physics Pronouns he/him Work Assistant Professor at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland Joined Jul 30, 2018 • Dec 27 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide There is gitignore.io service that can be used to generate good .gitignore file for the programming language and/or framework that you use, and per-user or per-repository ignore file for the IDE you use. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (51 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Some comments have been hidden by the post's author - find out more Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 More from Gabor Szabo Perl 🐪 Weekly #755 - Does TIOBE help Perl? # perl # news # programming Perl 🐪 Weekly #754 - New Year Resolution # perl # news # programming Perl 🐪 Weekly #753 - Happy New Year! # perl # news # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Right menu Rails 8 Strong Parameters: The Double-Bracket Fix for Nested Attributes Olumuyiwa Osiname Olumuyiwa Osiname Olumuyiwa Osiname Follow Jan 11 Rails 8 Strong Parameters: The Double-Bracket Fix for Nested Attributes # tutorial # backend # rails # ruby Comments Add Comment 3 min read Introducing app_pulse: a lightweight request signal collector for Ruby apps Virendra Jadhav Virendra Jadhav Virendra Jadhav Follow Jan 11 Introducing app_pulse: a lightweight request signal collector for Ruby apps # ruby # rails # opensource # rubygems Comments Add Comment 2 min read Released Gon v7.0.0 Shinichi Maeshima Shinichi Maeshima Shinichi Maeshima Follow Jan 11 Released Gon v7.0.0 # rails # ruby Comments Add Comment 2 min read Constructor Hell: Replacing Dependency Injection with Chain of Responsibility in Ruby andriy-baran andriy-baran andriy-baran Follow Jan 9 Constructor Hell: Replacing Dependency Injection with Chain of Responsibility in Ruby # rails # ruby # designpatterns # javascript Comments Add Comment 7 min read Architecture Backwards: Engineering a Self-Defending System Before the UI Arrives Nemwel Boniface Nemwel Boniface Nemwel Boniface Follow Jan 9 Architecture Backwards: Engineering a Self-Defending System Before the UI Arrives # rails # architecture # observability # postgres Comments Add Comment 8 min read Building Enterprise Vector Search in Rails (Part 1/3): Architecture & Multi-Tenant Implementation Stokry Stokry Stokry Follow Jan 11 Building Enterprise Vector Search in Rails (Part 1/3): Architecture & Multi-Tenant Implementation # rails # ruby # ai # vectordatabase 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Use native dialog with Turbo (and no extra JavaScript) Rails Designer Rails Designer Rails Designer Follow Jan 8 Use native dialog with Turbo (and no extra JavaScript) # ruby # rails # hotwire # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read How I Built a Full-Featured SaaS with Rails 8 and Deploy It with One Command José José José Follow Jan 8 How I Built a Full-Featured SaaS with Rails 8 and Deploy It with One Command # programming # rails # kamal Comments Add Comment 2 min read Ruby Can Now Draw Maps — And I Started With Ice Cream Germán Alberto Gimenez Silva Germán Alberto Gimenez Silva Germán Alberto Gimenez Silva Follow Jan 7 Ruby Can Now Draw Maps — And I Started With Ice Cream # programming # ruby # rails # software Comments Add Comment 1 min read Bringing PostgreSQL Triggers(pg_sql_triggers) into the Rails Era sam aswin sam aswin sam aswin Follow Jan 4 Bringing PostgreSQL Triggers(pg_sql_triggers) into the Rails Era # ruby # postgres # rails Comments Add Comment 2 min read Wait, what? PK is not needed for HABTM? tomdonarski tomdonarski tomdonarski Follow Jan 4 Wait, what? PK is not needed for HABTM? # database # rails # ruby # sql Comments Add Comment 2 min read Vectra — The Unified Vector Database Client for Ruby Stokry Stokry Stokry Follow Jan 9 Vectra — The Unified Vector Database Client for Ruby # ruby # ai # rails 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Enums no Rails 8: anatomia e uma aplicação prática Dominique Morem Dominique Morem Dominique Morem Follow Jan 3 Enums no Rails 8: anatomia e uma aplicação prática # rails # ruby # enum # enumeration Comments Add Comment 8 min read Fitness Equation 12/31/2025 Brian Kim Brian Kim Brian Kim Follow Dec 31 '25 Fitness Equation 12/31/2025 # codequality # architecture # ruby # rails Comments Add Comment 8 min read Created a Rails 8 Learning Repository and Started Recovering from a 6-Year Blank with Rails Guides and Claude Code Takashi Masuda Takashi Masuda Takashi Masuda Follow Dec 30 '25 Created a Rails 8 Learning Repository and Started Recovering from a 6-Year Blank with Rails Guides and Claude Code # rails # github # claudecode # coderabbit Comments Add Comment 4 min read I Built a Free URL Shortener in 4 Hours Using Ruby on Rails - Here's Why Rails Still Rocks in 2025 Mohammad ALi Abd Alwahed Mohammad ALi Abd Alwahed Mohammad ALi Abd Alwahed Follow Dec 28 '25 I Built a Free URL Shortener in 4 Hours Using Ruby on Rails - Here's Why Rails Still Rocks in 2025 # ruby # rails # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 4 min read Ruby 4 Has Landed 💎 — And It’s Bringing Gifts Deepan Kumar Deepan Kumar Deepan Kumar Follow Dec 31 '25 Ruby 4 Has Landed 💎 — And It’s Bringing Gifts # ruby # rails # programming # devlife Comments Add Comment 2 min read Fitness equation 11/26/2025 Brian Kim Brian Kim Brian Kim Follow Dec 27 '25 Fitness equation 11/26/2025 # showdev # rails # webdev Comments Add Comment 5 min read The Service Object Graveyard: Why Your POROs Failed and Handlers Won andriy-baran andriy-baran andriy-baran Follow Jan 7 The Service Object Graveyard: Why Your POROs Failed and Handlers Won # rails # ruby # architecture # refactoring Comments 1 comment 10 min read Rails and Ruby Support Ends: Critical Deadlines Every Developer Must Know Raisa K Raisa K Raisa K Follow Dec 22 '25 Rails and Ruby Support Ends: Critical Deadlines Every Developer Must Know # ruby # rails # developer # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 9 min read UUID’s in Rails + SQLite shouldn’t be this hard (so I built a gem) bart-oz bart-oz bart-oz Follow Dec 22 '25 UUID’s in Rails + SQLite shouldn’t be this hard (so I built a gem) # ruby # rails # sqlite # programming Comments Add Comment 6 min read Managing Multiple Brands in Rails: Multi-Tenant Patterns from RobinReach Shaher Shamroukh Shaher Shamroukh Shaher Shamroukh Follow Dec 22 '25 Managing Multiple Brands in Rails: Multi-Tenant Patterns from RobinReach # webdev # programming # rails # saas 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Trocando de APM sem dor de cabeça Rodrigo Barreto Rodrigo Barreto Rodrigo Barreto Follow Dec 21 '25 Trocando de APM sem dor de cabeça # rails # ruby # designpatterns # apm 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 7 min read Switching APM providers without the headache Rodrigo Barreto Rodrigo Barreto Rodrigo Barreto Follow Dec 21 '25 Switching APM providers without the headache # rails # ruby # apm # designpatterns Comments Add Comment 7 min read The Secret of Minimum Coverage Augusts Bautra Augusts Bautra Augusts Bautra Follow Dec 19 '25 The Secret of Minimum Coverage # rails # rspec # tests # coverage Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... trending guides/resources 🧩 How We Solved “Unable to Get Certificate CRL” in Rails: A Debugging Story Setting Up Solid Cache on Heroku with a Single Database Rails 7.1 Framework Defaults 🚧 Update favicon with badge using custom turbo streams in Rails Ruby PORO Explained: How Plain Old Ruby Objects Make Your Code Better TailView UI: Open-Source Rails Components with Hotwire Magic 🚀 🚀 Bundler 4.0.0.beta1: A Big Step Forward for Writing Clean and Modern Ruby The 15-Year Naming Bug: How Rails Finally Got `polynomially_longer` Right Rails 8.1's Job Continuations Could Save You Dollars in Server Costs Installing DaisyUI in Rails without Node.js Extending the Kanban board (using Rails and Hotwire) Diving into the Solid Queue Gem Upgrading Rails applications with an AI skill Guide to Seamless Data Security in Rails With Mongoid’s Automatic Encryption Fitness equation 11/26/2025 More readable integer comparisons in Ruby Rails Designer's Black Friday/Cyber Monday deal Ruby 4 Has Landed 💎 — And It’s Bringing Gifts Ruby and Lisp — What Ruby Borrowed from Lisp’s Spirit UUID’s in Rails + SQLite shouldn’t be this hard (so I built a gem) 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/adiatiayu/methods-vs-computed-in-vue-21mj#main-content | Methods vs Computed in Vue - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Ayu Adiati Posted on Jun 25, 2021 Methods vs Computed in Vue # help # discuss # vue # codenewbie Hello 👋🏼, Lately I've been learning Vue. So today I learned about computed property. In my understanding (please correct me if I'm wrong), computed is the same as methods property, only it will be re-executed if data that are used within the property are changed. While methods property will be re-executed for any data changes within the page. In which condition is the best practice to use methods or computed ? Thank you in advance for any help 😊 Top comments (8) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Drew Clements Drew Clements Drew Clements Follow Just a developer with more ideas and aspirations than time to explore them all! Location On the line Work Fullstack Engineer at Zillow Joined May 8, 2019 • Jun 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Another way to look at computed is that they can be used as dynamic data for every render. Methods are functions that can be called as normal JS functions, but computed properties will be “re-calculated” anytime some data changes in the component. Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow 👩💻 Software Engineer | ✍🏼 Tech Blogger | ▶ Open Source Maintainer & Contributor | 👥 Community Management Location The Netherlands Joined Mar 16, 2019 • Jun 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks, Drew! So computed is more like a method to update data to be dynamic? When would we want to use methods or computed? Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Drew Clements Drew Clements Drew Clements Follow Just a developer with more ideas and aspirations than time to explore them all! Location On the line Work Fullstack Engineer at Zillow Joined May 8, 2019 • Jun 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Exactly! Another important thing to note is that computed properties are available the same as properties in your data store So data () { return { number : 1 } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode is the same as computed : { number () { return 1 } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Both would be available with using this.number or {{ number }} But, if you ever needed number to update based on something else in the component, then the computed would do it auto-magically. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow 👩💻 Software Engineer | ✍🏼 Tech Blogger | ▶ Open Source Maintainer & Contributor | 👥 Community Management Location The Netherlands Joined Mar 16, 2019 • Jun 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you, Drew!!! 😃 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Sulivan Braga Sulivan Braga Sulivan Braga Follow Location São Paulo, Brasil Joined Jun 26, 2021 • Jun 26 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It’s already answered but to mention, you cannot send params on computed. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow 👩💻 Software Engineer | ✍🏼 Tech Blogger | ▶ Open Source Maintainer & Contributor | 👥 Community Management Location The Netherlands Joined Mar 16, 2019 • Jun 26 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good to know this! Thank you, Sulivan 😃 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aashutosh Anand Tiwari Aashutosh Anand Tiwari Aashutosh Anand Tiwari Follow Reacting on react Location Broswers Education Graduated Work Learner at WFH Joined Aug 6, 2020 • Apr 19 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I think we can Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Tim Poisson Tim Poisson Tim Poisson Follow Joined Nov 8, 2019 • Jul 5 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Also should mention that Computed Properties are automatically cached while Methods are not. If you are running an 'expensive' operation, it is best to cache this data as a Computed Property or else the function will re-run everytime the page refreshes which creates unnecessary overhead. For larger applications Computed Properties are typically used in conjunction with Vuex to help access global application data as well. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Ayu Adiati Follow 👩💻 Software Engineer | ✍🏼 Tech Blogger | ▶ Open Source Maintainer & Contributor | 👥 Community Management Location The Netherlands Joined Mar 16, 2019 More from Ayu Adiati Beyond Hacktoberfest: Building a True Open Source Journey # opensource # hacktoberfest # codenewbie # beginners My First Video Tutorials Contribution for Hacktoberfest # hacktoberfest # opensource # nocode # codenewbie Giving non-code contributions the recognition they deserve # hacktoberfest # opensource # nocode # codenewbie 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://docs.suprsend.com/docs/overview-preference-page | Embedded Preference Centre - SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams Skip to main content SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Community Trust Center Platform Status Postman Collection GETTING STARTED What is SuprSend? Quick Start Guide Best Practices Plan Your Integration Go-live checklist CORE CONCEPTS Templates Users Events Workflow Notification Categories Preferences Tenants Lists Broadcast Objects Translations DLT Guidelines Whatsapp Template Guidelines WORKFLOW BUILDER Design Workflow Node List Workflow Settings Trigger Workflow Validate Trigger Payload Tenant Workflows Notification Inbox Overview Multi Tabs React Javascript (Angular, Vuejs etc) React Native Flutter (Headless) PREFERENCE CENTRE Embedded Preference Centre Javascript Angular React VENDOR INTEGRATION GUIDE Overview Email Integrations SMS Integrations Android Push Whatsapp Integrations iOS Push Chat Integrations Vendor Fallback Tenant Vendor INTEGRATIONS Webhook Connectors MONITORING & DEBUGGING Logs Audit Logs Error Guides MANAGE YOUR ACCOUNT Authentication Methods Contact Us Get Started SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Ask AI Contact Us Get Started Get Started Search... Navigation PREFERENCE CENTRE Embedded Preference Centre Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog PREFERENCE CENTRE Embedded Preference Centre OpenAI Open in ChatGPT How to integrate a Notification Preference Center into your website and add its link to your notification templates. OpenAI Open in ChatGPT The Notification Preference Centre is a embedded page inside your application where users can specify the types of notifications they wish to receive and on which channels. With SuprSend’s preference management center, you can effortlessly configure preferences. Simply add notification categories on SuprSend dashboard and get a fully functional preference page that can be seamlessly integrated into your application. This preference page offers a user-friendly interface, enabling users to conveniently manage their notification settings within your application. Rest assured, it remains synchronized with any changes made to notification categories on SuprSend. This means that once integrated, you no longer need to worry about modifying your code to accommodate future updates. Also, user preferences are automatically validated at each workflow run, guaranteeing notifications align with user’s latest preference settings. With notification preferences, you can increase user delight by giving them greater autonomy over their notification experience thereby reducing the risk of users turning of all notifications from your platform. Integrating preference page into your application With SuprSend, user can set preferences at 3 levels- communication channel, notification category and selected channels inside a category. We provide a headless solution with hooks to read and update data at all 3 levels. We’ll also give an example code to add our pre-defined UI. You can do any level of UI customization to match with your brand design. SDKs are available in below languages. We’ll be adding support in other languages soon: Javascript (Web) React Angular Adding preference page link in notifications 1 Add preference page link in tenant settings page Add Embeddable Preference Page link in tenant settings on SuprSend dashboard. This will automatically create a variable with key $embedded_preference_url . You can add this variable in your templates to add preference page link in your notifications. 2 Add preference page link in your templates Add this variable {{$embedded_preference_url}} in your templates to redirect users to the preference page in your application when users clicks on that link. Was this page helpful? Yes No Suggest edits Raise issue Previous Javascript Integration guide to add notification preference centre in Javascript website. Next ⌘ I x github linkedin youtube Powered by On this page Integrating preference page into your application Adding preference page link in notifications | 2026-01-13T08:49:11 |
https://dev.to/olivia-john | Olivia John - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Olivia John Curious about what makes apps succeed (or fail). Sharing lessons from real-world performance stories. Joined Joined on Jun 24, 2025 Pronouns She/Her More info about @olivia-john Badges 4 Week Community Wellness Streak Keep contributing to discussions by posting at least 2 comments per week for 4 straight weeks. Unlock the 8 Week Badge next. Got it Close 2 Week Community Wellness Streak Keep the community conversation going! Post at least 2 comments for 2 straight weeks and unlock the 4 Week Badge. Got it Close 1 Week Community Wellness Streak For actively engaging with the community by posting at least 2 comments in a single week. 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Sign in Top APM Tools to Watch in 2026 - What Every Developer Should Know Olivia John Olivia John Olivia John Follow Jan 7 Top APM Tools to Watch in 2026 - What Every Developer Should Know # discuss # developer # apm # development 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Write Better Flutter Code with Dart Analyzer - A Practical Guide Olivia John Olivia John Olivia John Follow Dec 31 '25 Write Better Flutter Code with Dart Analyzer - A Practical Guide # flutter # dart # learning # development 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Real User Monitoring vs Synthetic Monitoring for Mobile Apps Olivia John Olivia John Olivia John Follow Dec 24 '25 Real User Monitoring vs Synthetic Monitoring for Mobile Apps # discuss # apm # devops # learning 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Crash Logs Aren’t Enough Anymore - Here’s What We’re Missing Olivia John Olivia John Olivia John Follow Dec 17 '25 Crash Logs Aren’t Enough Anymore - Here’s What We’re Missing # discuss # developer # programming # devops 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Is Your App Really Stable? 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Olivia John Olivia John Olivia John Follow Nov 9 '25 Big Tech, Platform Strategy & Competition: What’s Really Going On! # ai # webdev # programming # career 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why Gradle Flavors Might Be the Smartest Thing I’ve Read About Android Builds Olivia John Olivia John Olivia John Follow Nov 5 '25 Why Gradle Flavors Might Be the Smartest Thing I’ve Read About Android Builds # android # gradle # developers # programming 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read AI-Assisted Coding & Automated Debugging: The Tools That Might Just Save Your Sanity Olivia John Olivia John Olivia John Follow Nov 3 '25 AI-Assisted Coding & Automated Debugging: The Tools That Might Just Save Your Sanity # ai # coding # developers # programming 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read I Just Read This Blog on APM - And It’s So True Olivia John Olivia John Olivia John Follow Oct 29 '25 I Just Read This Blog on APM - And It’s So True # mobile # webdev # developer # tooling Comments 2 comments 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/beck_moulton/stop-sending-sensitive-data-to-the-cloud-build-a-local-first-mental-health-ai-with-webllm-5100#step-3-optimizing-for-performance-tvm-unity | Stop Sending Sensitive Data to the Cloud: Build a Local-First Mental Health AI with WebLLM - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Beck_Moulton Posted on Jan 13 Stop Sending Sensitive Data to the Cloud: Build a Local-First Mental Health AI with WebLLM # privacy # typescript # webgpu # webllm In an era where data breaches are common, privacy in Edge AI has moved from a "nice-to-have" to a "must-have," especially in sensitive fields like healthcare. If you've ever worried about your private conversations being used to train a massive corporate model, you're not alone. Today, we are exploring the frontier of Privacy-preserving AI by building a medical Q&A bot that runs entirely on the client side. By leveraging WebLLM , WebGPU , and TVM Unity , we can now execute large language models directly in the browser. This means the dialogue never leaves the user's device, providing a truly decentralized and secure experience. For those looking to scale these types of high-performance implementations, I highly recommend checking out the WellAlly Tech Blog for more production-ready patterns on enterprise-grade AI deployment. The Architecture: Why WebGPU? Traditional AI apps send a request to a server (Python/FastAPI), which queries a GPU (NVIDIA A100), and sends a JSON response back. This "Client-Server" model is the privacy killer. Our "Local-First" approach uses WebGPU , the next-gen graphics API for the web, to tap into the user's hardware directly. graph TD subgraph User_Device [User Browser / Device] A[React UI Layer] -->|Dispatch| B[WebLLM Worker] B -->|Request Execution| C[TVM Unity Runtime] C -->|Compute Kernels| D[WebGPU API] D -->|Inference| E[VRAM / GPU Hardware] E -->|Streaming Text| B B -->|State Update| A end F((Public Internet)) -.->|Static Assets & Model Weights| A F -.->|NO PRIVATE DATA SENT| A Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Prerequisites Before we dive in, ensure you have a browser that supports WebGPU (Chrome 113+ or Edge). Framework : React (Vite template) Language : TypeScript AI Engine : @mlc-ai/web-llm Core Tech : WebGPU & TVM Unity Step 1: Initializing the Engine Running an LLM in a browser requires significant memory management. We use a Web Worker to ensure the UI doesn't freeze while the model is "thinking." // engine.ts import { CreateMLCEngine , MLCEngineConfig } from " @mlc-ai/web-llm " ; const modelId = " Llama-3-8B-Instruct-v0.1-q4f16_1-MLC " ; // Lightweight quantized model export async function initializeEngine ( onProgress : ( p : number ) => void ) { const engine = await CreateMLCEngine ( modelId , { initProgressCallback : ( report ) => { onProgress ( Math . round ( report . progress * 100 )); console . log ( report . text ); }, }); return engine ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 2: Creating the Privacy-First Chat Hook In a medical context, the system prompt is critical. We need to instruct the model to behave as a supportive assistant while maintaining strict safety boundaries. // useChat.ts import { useState } from ' react ' ; import { initializeEngine } from ' ./engine ' ; export const useChat = () => { const [ engine , setEngine ] = useState < any > ( null ); const [ messages , setMessages ] = useState < { role : string , content : string }[] > ([]); const startConsultation = async () => { const instance = await initializeEngine (( p ) => console . log ( `Loading: ${ p } %` )); setEngine ( instance ); // Set the System Identity for Mental Health await instance . chat . completions . create ({ messages : [{ role : " system " , content : " You are a private, empathetic mental health assistant. Your goal is to listen and provide support. You do not store data. If a user is in danger, provide emergency resources immediately. " }], }); }; const sendMessage = async ( input : string ) => { const newMessages = [... messages , { role : " user " , content : input }]; setMessages ( newMessages ); const reply = await engine . chat . completions . create ({ messages : newMessages , }); setMessages ([... newMessages , reply . choices [ 0 ]. message ]); }; return { messages , sendMessage , startConsultation }; }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 3: Optimizing for Performance (TVM Unity) The magic behind WebLLM is TVM Unity , which compiles models into highly optimized WebGPU kernels. This allows us to run models like Llama-3 or Mistral at impressive tokens-per-second on a standard Macbook or high-end Windows laptop. If you are dealing with advanced production scenarios—such as model sharding or custom quantization for specific medical datasets—the team at WellAlly Tech has documented extensive guides on optimizing WebAssembly runtimes for maximum throughput. Step 4: Building the React UI A simple, clean interface is best for mental health applications. We want the user to feel calm and secure. // ChatComponent.tsx import React , { useState } from ' react ' ; import { useChat } from ' ./useChat ' ; export const MentalHealthBot = () => { const { messages , sendMessage , startConsultation } = useChat (); const [ input , setInput ] = useState ( "" ); return ( < div className = "p-6 max-w-2xl mx-auto border rounded-xl shadow-lg bg-white" > < h2 className = "text-2xl font-bold mb-4" > Shielded Mind AI 🛡️ </ h2 > < p className = "text-sm text-gray-500 mb-4" > Status: < span className = "text-green-500" > Local Only (Encrypted by Hardware) </ span ></ p > < div className = "h-96 overflow-y-auto mb-4 p-4 bg-gray-50 rounded" > { messages . map (( m , i ) => ( < div key = { i } className = { `mb-2 ${ m . role === ' user ' ? ' text-blue-600 ' : ' text-gray-800 ' } ` } > < strong > { m . role === ' user ' ? ' You: ' : ' AI: ' } </ strong > { m . content } </ div > )) } </ div > < div className = "flex gap-2" > < input className = "flex-1 border p-2 rounded" value = { input } onChange = { ( e ) => setInput ( e . target . value ) } placeholder = "How are you feeling today?" /> < button onClick = { () => { sendMessage ( input ); setInput ( "" ); } } className = "bg-purple-600 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded hover:bg-purple-700" > Send </ button > </ div > < button onClick = { startConsultation } className = "mt-4 text-xs text-gray-400 underline" > Initialize Secure WebGPU Engine </ button > </ div > ); }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Challenges & Solutions Model Size : Downloading a 4GB-8GB model to a browser is the biggest hurdle. Solution : Use IndexedDB caching so the user only downloads the model once. VRAM Limits : Mobile devices may struggle with large context windows. Solution : Implement sliding window attention and aggressive 4-bit quantization. Cold Start : The initial "Loading" phase can take time. Solution : Use a skeleton screen and explain that this process ensures their privacy. Conclusion By moving the "brain" of our AI from the cloud to the user's browser, we've created a psychological safe space that is literally impossible for hackers to intercept at the server level. WebLLM and WebGPU are turning browsers into powerful AI engines. Want to dive deeper into Edge AI security , LLM Quantization , or WebGPU performance tuning ? Head over to the WellAlly Tech Blog where we break down the latest advancements in local-first software architecture. What do you think? Would you trust a local-only AI more than ChatGPT for sensitive topics? Let me know in the comments below! 👇 Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Beck_Moulton Follow Joined Aug 22, 2022 More from Beck_Moulton Private & Fast: Building a Browser-Based Dermatology Screener with WebLLM and WebGPU # privacy # ai # web # webdev Federated Learning or Bust: Architecting Privacy-First Health AI # machinelearning # architecture # privacy # devops Why Your Health Data Belongs on Your Device (Not the Cloud): A Local-First Manifesto # architecture # privacy # offlinefirst # database 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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http://www.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=23852&hl=ko | 자바스크립트 사용 설정하기 - Android - Google 고객센터 기본 콘텐츠로 이동 Google 고객센터 로그인 Google 도움말 도움말 센터 Google 개인정보 취급방침 서비스 약관 의견 보내기 다음에 관한 의견 보내기... 이 도움말 콘텐츠 및 정보 일반적인 고객센터 사용 환경 다음 Google 자바스크립트 사용 설정하기 브라우저의 여러 기능을 사용하려면 자바스크립트가 필요합니다. 자바스크립트를 사용 설정하려면 다음 안내를 따르세요. Chrome 브라우저에서 더보기 를 탭합니다. 설정 을 탭합니다. 아래로 스크롤하여 사이트 설정 을 탭합니다. 자바스크립트 를 탭하고 다음 화면에서 자바스크립트 를 다시 탭합니다. 슬라이더가 사용 설정됩니다. 종료한 후 열려고 했던 사이트를 다시 로드합니다. 기타 웹브라우저에서 자바스크립트 사용 설정 관련 안내는 온라인 도움말 사이트 또는 기기의 사용자 설명서를 참조하시기 바랍니다. Android 컴퓨터 iPhone 및 iPad 더보기 false ©2026 Google 개인정보 취급방침 서비스 약관 언어 català‎ dansk‎ Deutsch‎ eesti‎ English‎ English (United Kingdom)‎ español‎ Filipino‎ français‎ hrvatski‎ Indonesia‎ italiano‎ latviešu‎ lietuvių‎ magyar‎ Nederlands‎ norsk‎ polski‎ português (Brasil)‎ română‎ slovenčina‎ slovenščina‎ suomi‎ svenska‎ Tiếng Việt‎ Türkçe‎ íslenska‎ čeština‎ Ελληνικά‎ български‎ русский‎ српски‎ українська‎ ‏ עברית ‏ اردو ‏ العربية ‏ فارسی हिन्दी‎ ไทย‎ 中文（简体）‎ 中文（繁體）‎ 日本語‎ 한국어‎ 어두운 모드 사용 다음에 관한 의견 보내기... 이 도움말 콘텐츠 및 정보 일반적인 고객센터 사용 환경 검색 검색어 지우기 검색 닫기 Google 앱 기본 메뉴 var n,aaa=[];function la(a){return function(){return aaa[a].apply(this,arguments)}} function ma(a,b){return aaa[a]=b} var baa=typeof Object.create=="function"?Object.create:function(a){function b(){} b.prototype=a;return new b},na=typeof Object.defineProperties=="function"?Object.defineProperty:function(a,b,c){if(a==Array.prototype||a==Object.prototype)return a; a[b]=c.value;return a}; function caa(a){a=["object"==typeof globalThis&&globalThis,a,"object"==typeof window&&window,"object"==typeof self&&self,"object"==typeof global&&global];for(var b=0;b >>0)+"_",f=0;return b}); ra("Symbol.iterator",function(a){if(a)return a;a=Symbol("Symbol.iterator");na(Array.prototype,a,{configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:function(){return naa(haa(this))}}); return a}); function naa(a){a={next:a};a[Symbol.iterator]=function(){return this}; return a} ra("Promise",function(a){function b(k){this.o=0;this.oa=void 0;this.ma=[];this.ya=!1;var l=this.ua();try{k(l.resolve,l.reject)}catch(p){l.reject(p)}} function c(){this.o=null} function e(k){return k instanceof b?k:new b(function(l){l(k)})} if(a)return a;c.prototype.ma=function(k){if(this.o==null){this.o=[];var l=this;this.oa(function(){l.qa()})}this.o.push(k)}; var f=oa.setTimeout;c.prototype.oa=function(k){f(k,0)}; c.prototype.qa=function(){for(;this.o&&this.o.length;){var k=this.o;this.o=[];for(var l=0;l =h}}); ra("String.prototype.endsWith",function(a){return a?a:function(b,c){var e=Ua(this,b,"endsWith");b+="";c===void 0&&(c=e.length);c=Math.max(0,Math.min(c|0,e.length));for(var f=b.length;f>0&&c>0;)if(e[--c]!=b[--f])return!1;return f f)e=f;e=Number(e);e =0&&b 56319||b+1===e)return f;b=c.charCodeAt(b+1);return b 57343?f:(f-55296)*1024+b+9216}}}); ra("String.fromCodePoint",function(a){return a?a:function(b){for(var c="",e=0;e 1114111||f!==Math.floor(f))throw new RangeError("invalid_code_point "+f);f >>10&1023|55296),c+=String.fromCharCode(f&1023|56320))}return c}}); ra("String.prototype.repeat",function(a){return a?a:function(b){var c=Ua(this,null,"repeat");if(b 1342177279)throw new RangeError("Invalid count value");b|=0;for(var e="";b;)if(b&1&&(e+=c),b>>>=1)c+=c;return e}}); ra("Array.prototype.findIndex",function(a){return a?a:function(b,c){return oaa(this,b,c).i}}); function Wa(a){a=Math.trunc(a)||0;a =this.length))return this[a]} ra("Array.prototype.at",function(a){return a?a:Wa}); daa("at",function(a){return a?a:Wa}); ra("String.prototype.at",function(a){return a?a:Wa}); ra("String.prototype.padStart",function(a){return a?a:function(b,c){var e=Ua(this,null,"padStart");b-=e.length;c=c!==void 0?String(c):" ";return(b>0&&c?c.repeat(Math.ceil(b/c.length)).substring(0,b):"")+e}}); ra("Promise.prototype.finally",function(a){return a?a:function(b){return this.then(function(c){return Promise.resolve(b()).then(function(){return c})},function(c){return Promise.resolve(b()).then(function(){throw c; })})}}); ra("Array.prototype.flatMap",function(a){return a?a:function(b,c){var e=[];Array.prototype.forEach.call(this,function(f,h){f=b.call(c,f,h,this);Array.isArray(f)?e.push.apply(e,f):e.push(f)}); return e}}); ra("Array.prototype.flat",function(a){return a?a:function(b){b=b===void 0?1:b;var c=[];Array.prototype.forEach.call(this,function(e){Array.isArray(e)&&b>0?(e=Array.prototype.flat.call(e,b-1),c.push.apply(c,e)):c.push(e)}); return c}}); ra("Promise.allSettled",function(a){function b(e){return{status:"fulfilled",value:e}} function c(e){return{status:"rejected",reason:e}} return a?a:function(e){var f=this;e=Array.from(e,function(h){return f.resolve(h).then(b,c)}); return f.all(e)}}); ra("Array.prototype.toSpliced",function(a){return a?a:function(b,c,e){var f=Array.from(this);Array.prototype.splice.apply(f,arguments);return f}}); ra("Number.parseInt",function(a){return a||parseInt});/* Copyright The Closure Library Authors. 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["threads","SUPPORT_FORUM_THREAD_LIST"],["thread","SUPPORT_FORUM_THREAD"],["community-video","COMMUNITY_VIDEO"],["community-guide","COMMUNITY_GUIDE"],["settings","USER_SETTING | 2026-01-13T08:49:11 |
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Post 283 posts published Comment 243 comments written Tag 126 tags followed Pin Pinned 30 Amazing 3D Projects Built with Gemini AI Pro ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 19 '25 30 Amazing 3D Projects Built with Gemini AI Pro # ai # codepen # webgl # gemini 50 reactions Comments 16 comments 2 min read Gemini 3 Sneaks Into Mobile Apps Via Canvas 04:49 ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 14 '25 Gemini 3 Sneaks Into Mobile Apps Via Canvas # gemini # ai # webdev # design 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🤯 Me in Gemini DeepSearch 01:49 ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Mar 16 '25 🤯 Me in Gemini DeepSearch # discuss # ai # webdev # beginners 10 reactions Comments 1 comment 12 min read Aniruddha’s 2024: From Code Commits to Cinematic Hits – A Year of Growth, Grit, and Gratitude ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Jan 2 '25 Aniruddha’s 2024: From Code Commits to Cinematic Hits – A Year of Growth, Grit, and Gratitude # discuss # devchallenge # newyearchallenge # career 25 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read From 2AM Debugging to $1000: How I Built My AI-Powered Portfolio New Year, New You Portfolio Challenge Submission ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Jan 13 From 2AM Debugging to $1000: How I Built My AI-Powered Portfolio # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # portfolio # gemini Comments Add Comment 3 min read Want to connect with ANIRUDDHA ADAK? 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Sign in Building an Intelligent Product Discovery Agent with Algolia ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Jan 12 Building an Intelligent Product Discovery Agent with Algolia # devchallenge # algoliachallenge # ai # agents Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building an AI-Powered Portfolio with Gemini and Google Cloud Run New Year, New You Portfolio Challenge Submission ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Jan 12 Building an AI-Powered Portfolio with Gemini and Google Cloud Run # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # portfolio # gemini Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Create Hollywood Shots with AI using Higgsfield Cinema Studio ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Dec 19 '25 How to Create Hollywood Shots with AI using Higgsfield Cinema Studio # ai # video # generativeai # filmmaking Comments Add Comment 4 min read I Created 50 Posts About AI Visuals :) Here's What I Learned ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Dec 19 '25 I Created 50 Posts About AI Visuals :) Here's What I Learned # discuss # ai # career # beginners Comments Add Comment 5 min read Kling 2.6 UNLIMITED: The First TRUE Audio-Video AI Is Finally Here (Higgsfield Exclusive!) ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Dec 14 '25 Kling 2.6 UNLIMITED: The First TRUE Audio-Video AI Is Finally Here (Higgsfield Exclusive!) Comments Add Comment 1 min read MindScribe: An AI-Powered Educational Content Creation Suite with Live Captioning DEV's Worldwide Show and Tell Challenge Submission 🎥 ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Dec 12 '25 MindScribe: An AI-Powered Educational Content Creation Suite with Live Captioning # devchallenge # muxchallenge # showandtell # video 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Smart Task Management API: AI-Driven Productivity Backend with Xano Xano AI-Powered Backend Challenge: Full-Stack Submission ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Dec 12 '25 Smart Task Management API: AI-Driven Productivity Backend with Xano # devchallenge # xanochallenge # ai # backend Comments 1 comment 2 min read From Theory to Practice: My Journey Through the Google AI Agents Intensive Course ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Dec 12 '25 From Theory to Practice: My Journey Through the Google AI Agents Intensive Course # googleaichallenge # ai # agents # devchallenge 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Future According to Demis Hassabis: Key Predictions on AGI, Agents, and the "Ferocious" Race ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Dec 7 '25 The Future According to Demis Hassabis: Key Predictions on AGI, Agents, and the "Ferocious" Race # ai # google # gemini # podcast 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read I built AURA Creator Studio ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Dec 5 '25 I built AURA Creator Studio # ai # antigravity # gemini # learngoogleaistudio 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read 36 Stunning Web Experiences Built with Gemini 3 Pro ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Dec 1 '25 36 Stunning Web Experiences Built with Gemini 3 Pro # ai # gemini # design # webdev 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Superpowers of AI: A Reflection on Capability and Consequence ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 21 '25 The Superpowers of AI: A Reflection on Capability and Consequence # architecture # ai # machinelearning # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Complete Machine Learning: Semester Exam Prep Guide ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 16 '25 Complete Machine Learning: Semester Exam Prep Guide # machinelearning # ai # guide # careerdevelopment Comments Add Comment 3 min read November 2025's AI Fireworks: From GPT Glow-Ups to Infra Mega-Bets – A Dev's Grateful Dash Through the Frenzy ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 14 '25 November 2025's AI Fireworks: From GPT Glow-Ups to Infra Mega-Bets – A Dev's Grateful Dash Through the Frenzy # ai # webdev # programming # blockchain Comments Add Comment 5 min read My ChatGPT Deep Research Analysis Report ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 13 '25 My ChatGPT Deep Research Analysis Report # chatgpt # ai # webdev # career 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read My Journey Building AI Agents: A Web Developer's Progress Review ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 12 '25 My Journey Building AI Agents: A Web Developer's Progress Review # googleaichallenge # ai # agents # devchallenge 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read I Let 5 AI Agents Fight Inside My Database Agentic Postgres Challenge Submission ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 10 '25 I Let 5 AI Agents Fight Inside My Database # devchallenge # agenticpostgreschallenge # ai # postgres 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Nightmare Realm 2025 Frontend Challenge Perfect Landing Submission 🦇🎃 ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 10 '25 Nightmare Realm 2025 # devchallenge # frontendchallenge # webdev # javascript 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Welcome to Halloween Festival 2025 Frontend Challenge Perfect Landing Submission 🦇🎃 ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 10 '25 Welcome to Halloween Festival 2025 # devchallenge # frontendchallenge # webdev # javascript 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read AI News Roundup: Google Suncatcher, OpenAI TEAR, Apple & Gemini, Vidu Q2, and More! 🚀 ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 9 '25 AI News Roundup: Google Suncatcher, OpenAI TEAR, Apple & Gemini, Vidu Q2, and More! 🚀 # ai # programming # blockchain # webdev Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Job Market You’re Preparing For… Doesn’t Exist Anymore ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 9 '25 The Job Market You’re Preparing For… Doesn’t Exist Anymore # jobs # automation # ai # career 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Job Market You’re Preparing For… Doesn’t Exist Anymore ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 9 '25 The Job Market You’re Preparing For… Doesn’t Exist Anymore # jobs # automation # ai # career Comments Add Comment 2 min read Bill Gates' Huge AI Predictions: Brutal Chip Economics & Data Center Resistance ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 9 '25 Bill Gates' Huge AI Predictions: Brutal Chip Economics & Data Center Resistance # datacenters # ai Comments Add Comment 3 min read The $15 Trillion AI Takeover: How To Thrive in the Age of Artificial Intelligence ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 8 '25 The $15 Trillion AI Takeover: How To Thrive in the Age of Artificial Intelligence # ai # career # technology # future Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Top 30 Viral Nano Banana Moments That Broke X in 2025 ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 8 '25 The Top 30 Viral Nano Banana Moments That Broke X in 2025 # ai # programming # career # productivity Comments Add Comment 4 min read I’m Aniruddha Adak, And This Is My YouWare Addiction: 27 Apps In 45 Days (All Built With Zero Code) ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 8 '25 I’m Aniruddha Adak, And This Is My YouWare Addiction: 27 Apps In 45 Days (All Built With Zero Code) # ai # programming # webdev # career Comments Add Comment 4 min read I’m Aniruddha Adak ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 8 '25 I’m Aniruddha Adak # ai # webdev # programming # career Comments Add Comment 3 min read Hey World, I’m Aniruddha Adak – The Guy Who Posted 49 Images In One Thread And Broke Everyone’s Timeline ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 8 '25 Hey World, I’m Aniruddha Adak – The Guy Who Posted 49 Images In One Thread And Broke Everyone’s Timeline # ai # programming # webdev # career Comments Add Comment 3 min read Spooky Season in Pure CSS: Creating an Animated Haunted House 👻🏚️ Frontend Challenge CSS Art Submission 🦇🎃 ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 4 '25 Spooky Season in Pure CSS: Creating an Animated Haunted House 👻🏚️ # frontendchallenge # devchallenge # css 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Building an AI-Powered Recipe Assistant with Agentic Postgres: A Deliciously Data-Driven Adventure 🍳🤖 Agentic Postgres Challenge Submission ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 4 '25 Building an AI-Powered Recipe Assistant with Agentic Postgres: A Deliciously Data-Driven Adventure 🍳🤖 # devchallenge # agenticpostgreschallenge # ai # postgres 10 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read 🔥 Top 5 Trending AI & AGI Articles: September-November 2025 ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Nov 3 '25 🔥 Top 5 Trending AI & AGI Articles: September-November 2025 # ai # machinelearning # programming Comments 1 comment 3 min read Contribution Chronicles: My Epic Hacktoberfest 2025 Adventure 🚀 Hacktoberfest: Contribution Chronicles ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Oct 31 '25 Contribution Chronicles: My Epic Hacktoberfest 2025 Adventure 🚀 # devchallenge # hacktoberfest # opensource # programming 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Open Source Reflections: My Hacktoberfest 2025 Journey Hacktoberfest: Open Source Reflections ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Oct 31 '25 Open Source Reflections: My Hacktoberfest 2025 Journey # devchallenge # hacktoberfest # opensource Comments Add Comment 2 min read Hacktoberfest 2025: My Open Source Story as an AI Developer Hacktoberfest: Open Source Reflections ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Oct 21 '25 Hacktoberfest 2025: My Open Source Story as an AI Developer # devchallenge # hacktoberfest # opensource 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Spooky CSS Art: A Halloween Haunted House 🎃👻 Frontend Challenge CSS Art Submission 🦇🎃 🦇🎃 ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Oct 17 '25 Spooky CSS Art: A Halloween Haunted House 🎃👻 # frontendchallenge # devchallenge # css 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building Together: Celebrating Open Source Community in Hacktoberfest 2025 Hacktoberfest: Open Source Reflections ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Oct 17 '25 Building Together: Celebrating Open Source Community in Hacktoberfest 2025 # devchallenge # hacktoberfest # opensource Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building Secure AI Agents with Auth0: A Developer's Guide ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Oct 17 '25 Building Secure AI Agents with Auth0: A Developer's Guide # ai # security # webdev # devchallenge 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read AI News and Releases: First Week of October 2025 ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Oct 10 '25 AI News and Releases: First Week of October 2025 # news # ai # machinelearning # aitrends 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read 🚀 The Biggest AI Releases of September 2025 ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Oct 10 '25 🚀 The Biggest AI Releases of September 2025 # ai # september2025 # technews # devcommunity Comments Add Comment 3 min read Securing Autonomous AI Agents with Auth0 – DEV Challenge Submission Auth0 for AI Agents Challenge Submission ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Oct 10 '25 Securing Autonomous AI Agents with Auth0 – DEV Challenge Submission # devchallenge # ai # authentication # auth0challenge 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Open Source Reflections — My Hacktoberfest 2025 Experience Hacktoberfest: Open Source Reflections ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Oct 10 '25 Open Source Reflections — My Hacktoberfest 2025 Experience # devchallenge # hacktoberfest # opensource # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read Brain + Boo: An AI Study Buddy That Haunts You Into Success! 👻 ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Sep 29 '25 Brain + Boo: An AI Study Buddy That Haunts You Into Success! 👻 # devchallenge # kendoreactchallenge # react # webdev 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Study smart 🤓 ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Sep 28 '25 Study smart 🤓 # devchallenge # herokuchallenge # webdev # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read Meet Your New Brainy Buddy: Building an AI-Powered Learning Sidekick with KendoReact! 🎉 ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Sep 27 '25 Meet Your New Brainy Buddy: Building an AI-Powered Learning Sidekick with KendoReact! 🎉 # devchallenge # kendoreactchallenge # react # webdev 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building a Dynamic AI-Powered Portfolio: My Journey as a Computer Science Student ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Sep 24 '25 Building a Dynamic AI-Powered Portfolio: My Journey as a Computer Science Student # devchallenge # kendoreactchallenge # react # webdev 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read AI-powered back-to-school assistant ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Sep 24 '25 AI-powered back-to-school assistant # devchallenge # herokuchallenge # webdev # ai 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read AI Party Card Generator Google AI Challenge Submission ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Sep 14 '25 AI Party Card Generator # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # ai # gemini 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read AI Itasha Studio Google AI Challenge Submission ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Sep 14 '25 AI Itasha Studio # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # ai # gemini 13 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read YouTube Storybook Converter Google AI Challenge Submission ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Sep 13 '25 YouTube Storybook Converter # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # ai # gemini 21 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Mecha Morph Gundam Genesis ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Sep 13 '25 Mecha Morph Gundam Genesis # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # ai # gemini 19 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read AI Slide Generator 00:20 Google AI Challenge Submission ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Sep 11 '25 AI Slide Generator # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # ai # gemini 16 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read V-Reel AI Generator Google AI Challenge Submission ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Sep 10 '25 V-Reel AI Generator # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # ai # gemini 16 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Architech Dream, Your AI Architectural Visionary Google AI Challenge Submission ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Sep 10 '25 Architech Dream, Your AI Architectural Visionary # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # ai # gemini 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Teen Ad Generator 00:41 Google AI Challenge Submission ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Sep 6 '25 Teen Ad Generator # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # ai # gemini 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read AI LinkedIn Profile Generator 01:20 Google AI Challenge Submission ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Sep 4 '25 AI LinkedIn Profile Generator # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # ai # gemini 13 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read Unstoppable AI Workflow with n8n & Bright Data n8n and Bright Challenge: Unstoppable Workflow ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Aug 30 '25 Unstoppable AI Workflow with n8n & Bright Data # devchallenge # n8nbrightdatachallenge # ai # webdev 13 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read I scrap this using Firecrawl ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Jul 29 '25 I scrap this using Firecrawl # webdev # programming # javascript # ai Comments Add Comment 4 min read Office Task Manager Pro - A Modern Kanban Board for Remote Teams ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Jul 29 '25 Office Task Manager Pro - A Modern Kanban Board for Remote Teams # devchallenge # frontendchallenge # css # javascript 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read CodeConnect: The Ultimate Developer Networking Platform Powered by Algolia MCP Server Algolia MCP Server Challenge: Ultimate user Experience ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK ANIRUDDHA ADAK Follow Jul 28 '25 CodeConnect: The Ultimate Developer Networking Platform Powered by Algolia MCP Server # devchallenge # algoliachallenge # webdev # ai 17 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/inushathathsara/bitcoin-101-from-barter-to-blockchain-1kp7 | Bitcoin 101: From Barter to Blockchain - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Posted on Jan 1 Bitcoin 101: From Barter to Blockchain # bitcoin # blockchain Architecting Web3 (3 Part Series) 1 Architecting Web3: Integrating Blockchain Events with Google Cloud (GKE) 2 A Guide to Web3 Infrastructure & Concepts 3 Bitcoin 101: From Barter to Blockchain Money has evolved significantly over human history. We started with the barter system , trading goods directly, which was inefficient. We moved to commodity money like gold and salt, then to fiat money (USD, EUR) backed by governments, and eventually to digital banking. But in 2009, Bitcoin emerged as the first decentralized, borderless, and scarce digital currency, removing the need for central authorities. In this article, we’ll break down the technical fundamentals of Bitcoin, from the whitepaper to the architecture of a block. The Vision: The 2008 Whitepaper Satoshi Nakamoto’s whitepaper introduced a peer-to-peer digital currency that solved the double-spending problem using Proof-of-Work (PoW) . Core Principles Fixed Supply: There will never be more than 21 million BTC . Decentralization: No single authority controls the network. Immutability: Once a transaction is on the blockchain ledger, it cannot be altered. Censorship Resistance: Anyone can transact; no one can be blocked. Under the Hood: Block Architecture A blockchain is essentially a timestamped chain of blocks. Think of a block like a "page" in a ledger. Structure of a Block Every block contains three main components: Block Header: Metadata about the block. Transaction Counter: The number of transactions included. Transactions: The actual list of payments. The Block Header The header is critical for mining and validation. It includes: Version: The rules the block follows. Previous Block Hash: The link to the previous block (creating the "chain"). Merkle Root: A summary of all transactions. Timestamp: When the block was mined. Difficulty Target (nBits): Defines how hard it is to mine the block. Nonce: The variable number miners change to solve the cryptographic puzzle. Data Structures: Merkle Trees & Roots Bitcoin uses Merkle Trees (a type of binary tree) to verify data efficiently. The Merkle Tree: Hashes every transaction, pairs them up, and hashes them again until only one hash remains. The Merkle Root: This single "root" hash acts as a fingerprint for the entire block. Why is this useful? It allows for Simplified Payment Verification (SPV) . A user can verify a specific transaction existed without downloading the entire blockchain history. If even one bit of a transaction changes, the Merkle Root changes completely. Consensus: Proof-of-Work (PoW) How does the network agree on the truth? Through mining. Miners collect transactions. They compete to solve a cryptographic puzzle by adjusting the Nonce . The winner gets the block reward (new BTC + transaction fees). While secure and decentralized, PoW is energy-intensive and has limited scalability. Scaling & Evolution The Rise of Altcoins Following Bitcoin, "1st Gen" altcoins emerged. Most were forks of Bitcoin with minor tweaks: Litecoin: Faster block times. Namecoin: Decentralized DNS. Ethereum: Eventually introduced smart contracts, moving beyond simple currency. The Lightning Network (Layer 2) Bitcoin processes only ~7 transactions per second. To solve this, the Lightning Network was built as a Layer 2 solution. How it works: Users open payment channels and transact off-chain instantly and cheaply. Settlement: Only the final balances are recorded on the main blockchain. This enables fast micropayments, though it comes with challenges like routing complexity and liquidity constraints. Conclusion Bitcoin revolutionized money by combining cryptography, game theory, and distributed systems. Understanding these fundamentals—Merkle trees, block headers, and consensus mechanisms—is the first step to mastering the wider Web3 landscape. Architecting Web3 (3 Part Series) 1 Architecting Web3: Integrating Blockchain Events with Google Cloud (GKE) 2 A Guide to Web3 Infrastructure & Concepts 3 Bitcoin 101: From Barter to Blockchain Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Follow IT Undergrad @ University of Moratuwa. Building with Python, Flutter and so much more. I write about technical stuff and clean code. Documenting my journey one commit at a time. Location Colombo, Sri Lanka Education University of Moratuwa Joined Jan 1, 2026 More from Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara A Guide to Web3 Infrastructure & Concepts # web3 # architecture # blockchain # cloud Architecting Web3: Integrating Blockchain Events with Google Cloud (GKE) # architecture # blockchain # web3 # bitcoin 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/testing/page/14 | Testing Page 14 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Testing Follow Hide Find those bugs before your users do! 🐛 Create Post Older #testing posts 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu How we use checklists and QA to launch websites without surprises prateekshaweb prateekshaweb prateekshaweb Follow Dec 26 '25 How we use checklists and QA to launch websites without surprises # productivity # testing # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read What are AI Evals? Nick Taylor Nick Taylor Nick Taylor Follow Dec 13 '25 What are AI Evals? # ai # testing # machinelearning 31 reactions Comments 10 comments 5 min read Migrating Integration Tests to Pester: A PowerShell Testing Journey Zoltan Toma Zoltan Toma Zoltan Toma Follow Nov 25 '25 Migrating Integration Tests to Pester: A PowerShell Testing Journey # pester # testing # powershell # vagrant Comments Add Comment 7 min read Implementing Missing Integration Tests: Provisioners and Docker Zoltan Toma Zoltan Toma Zoltan Toma Follow Nov 25 '25 Implementing Missing Integration Tests: Provisioners and Docker # pester # powershell # testing # vagrant Comments Add Comment 4 min read Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin - Part 2 tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Dec 24 '25 Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin - Part 2 # testing # softwareengineering # tutorial # qa 8 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read The "Spinner of Death": Why Localhost Latency is Lying to You Ilya Ploskovitov Ilya Ploskovitov Ilya Ploskovitov Follow Dec 18 '25 The "Spinner of Death": Why Localhost Latency is Lying to You # testing # webdev # qa # playwright 10 reactions Comments 6 comments 3 min read C# Architecture Mastery — Testing Strategies in Clean Architecture (.NET) (Part 7) Cristian Sifuentes Cristian Sifuentes Cristian Sifuentes Follow Dec 23 '25 C# Architecture Mastery — Testing Strategies in Clean Architecture (.NET) (Part 7) # dotnet # csharp # testing # cleanarchitecture 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read When Documentation Fails: Brute-Force Specification Discovery with AI synthaicode synthaicode synthaicode Follow Dec 23 '25 When Documentation Fails: Brute-Force Specification Discovery with AI # ai # testing # development # architecture Comments Add Comment 3 min read Testing Management Tools: A Complete Comparative Guide with Real-World Examples AUGUSTO JOAQUIN RIVERA MUÑOZ AUGUSTO JOAQUIN RIVERA MUÑOZ AUGUSTO JOAQUIN RIVERA MUÑOZ Follow Dec 2 '25 Testing Management Tools: A Complete Comparative Guide with Real-World Examples # cicd # testing # devops # tools 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read 1) Describe the Python Selenium Architecture in Detail And What is the Significance of the Python Virtual Environment? Boobalan Rk Boobalan Rk Boobalan Rk Follow Nov 21 '25 1) Describe the Python Selenium Architecture in Detail And What is the Significance of the Python Virtual Environment? # python # architecture # testing # automation Comments Add Comment 2 min read ATM Hacking: From Terminator 2 Fantasy to Red Team Reality Ivan Piskunov Ivan Piskunov Ivan Piskunov Follow Nov 20 '25 ATM Hacking: From Terminator 2 Fantasy to Red Team Reality # cybersecurity # security # testing Comments Add Comment 12 min read Why Modern Data Centers Need a Unified Approach to Firmware, Driver, and OS Validation Gopi mahesh Vatram Gopi mahesh Vatram Gopi mahesh Vatram Follow Nov 19 '25 Why Modern Data Centers Need a Unified Approach to Firmware, Driver, and OS Validation # datacenter # server # testing # hyperscale Comments Add Comment 3 min read How We Ship Regulated SaaS Monthly Without Burning Out QA karthik Bodducherla karthik Bodducherla karthik Bodducherla Follow Dec 23 '25 How We Ship Regulated SaaS Monthly Without Burning Out QA # devops # productivity # testing 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read Setting Up Vitest + React Testing Library Sheikh Limon Sheikh Limon Sheikh Limon Follow Dec 3 '25 Setting Up Vitest + React Testing Library # react # testing # vitest # tdd 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read 🔎 Looking for New QA Opportunities! Marat Marat Marat Follow Nov 20 '25 🔎 Looking for New QA Opportunities! # career # testing Comments Add Comment 1 min read The Hidden Cost of Manual API Testing (and How AI-Driven Automation Fixes It) Engroso Engroso Engroso Follow Dec 23 '25 The Hidden Cost of Manual API Testing (and How AI-Driven Automation Fixes It) # automation # ai # api # testing 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Agile Software Testing: Building Quality Into Every Iteration Matt Calder Matt Calder Matt Calder Follow Nov 18 '25 Agile Software Testing: Building Quality Into Every Iteration # webdev # programming # devops # testing Comments Add Comment 5 min read Introduction to Behavior Driving Development with Java and MongoDB MongoDB Guests MongoDB Guests MongoDB Guests Follow for MongoDB Dec 23 '25 Introduction to Behavior Driving Development with Java and MongoDB # agile # testing # java # mongodb 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 12 min read 5 Common Data Management Mistakes in AI Agent Evaluation and How to Avoid Them Kuldeep Paul Kuldeep Paul Kuldeep Paul Follow Nov 18 '25 5 Common Data Management Mistakes in AI Agent Evaluation and How to Avoid Them # agents # data # testing # ai Comments Add Comment 8 min read The Ultimate Guide to End-to-End Testing: Best Practices, Tools, and Insights Alok Kumar Alok Kumar Alok Kumar Follow Nov 17 '25 The Ultimate Guide to End-to-End Testing: Best Practices, Tools, and Insights # e2e # testing # softwaredevelopment # keploy Comments Add Comment 7 min read How to Test “User Is in Crisis” Without Treating Humans Like Mock Objects CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems Follow Dec 10 '25 How to Test “User Is in Crisis” Without Treating Humans Like Mock Objects # testing # a11y # react Comments Add Comment 4 min read Top 10 Test Data Management Tools to Use in 2026 Testsigma Testsigma Testsigma Follow Nov 18 '25 Top 10 Test Data Management Tools to Use in 2026 # testdatamanagementtools # testing # testdatamanagementplatform 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Reduce Maintenance Overhead with Test Automation Tools? Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Nov 18 '25 How to Reduce Maintenance Overhead with Test Automation Tools? # webdev # testing # automation # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why Teams Need a Bridge Between DAST Tools and Human Pentesters Sam Bishop Sam Bishop Sam Bishop Follow Nov 18 '25 Why Teams Need a Bridge Between DAST Tools and Human Pentesters # devops # security # testing 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why I Built "Yet Another" Pomodoro App with React (And How I Gamified It) 🍅 Tommodoro Tommodoro Tommodoro Follow Nov 18 '25 Why I Built "Yet Another" Pomodoro App with React (And How I Gamified It) 🍅 # showdev # productivity # testing # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/certification | Certification - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # certification Follow Hide Create Post Older #certification posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu CKA (Certified Kubernetes Administrator) Exam Report 2026: Don’t Rely on Old Guides (Mastering the Post-2025 Revision) Atsushi Suzuki Atsushi Suzuki Atsushi Suzuki Follow Jan 13 CKA (Certified Kubernetes Administrator) Exam Report 2026: Don’t Rely on Old Guides (Mastering the Post-2025 Revision) # kubernetes # certification # devops # learning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Mi Top Certificiaciones en IT Como Propositos Para Este 2026 Francisco Moreno Francisco Moreno Francisco Moreno Follow Jan 13 Mi Top Certificiaciones en IT Como Propositos Para Este 2026 # aws # kubernetes # certification # cloud Comments Add Comment 11 min read AZ-104 Azure Administrator Cheat Sheet – 2026 Exam Notes Brent G Saucedo Brent G Saucedo Brent G Saucedo Follow Jan 13 AZ-104 Azure Administrator Cheat Sheet – 2026 Exam Notes # azure # cloud # certification # devops Comments Add Comment 4 min read AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional: Exam Overview & Foundation Strategy (Part 1) MakendranG MakendranG MakendranG Follow Jan 11 AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional: Exam Overview & Foundation Strategy (Part 1) # ai # machinelearning # aws # certification 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 1: Exam Overview & Foundations) MakendranG MakendranG MakendranG Follow Jan 11 AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 1: Exam Overview & Foundations) # ai # machinelearning # aws # certification 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 16 min read AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 2: Advanced Learning & Exam Prep) MakendranG MakendranG MakendranG Follow Jan 11 AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 2: Advanced Learning & Exam Prep) # ai # aws # certification # machinelearning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 13 min read How to pass the PNPT (2026) Mr 3 Mr 3 Mr 3 Follow Jan 11 How to pass the PNPT (2026) # cybersecurity # penetrationtesting # pentesting # certification Comments Add Comment 13 min read How to Prepare for a Certification in any Tech Career KWAN KWAN KWAN Follow Jan 9 How to Prepare for a Certification in any Tech Career # programming # cloud # aws # certification 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 4 min read How to Prepare for a Certification in any Tech Career Walter Alleyz Walter Alleyz Walter Alleyz Follow Jan 4 How to Prepare for a Certification in any Tech Career # certification # aws # cloud # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read Passing the AWS Machine Learning Engineer – Associate Exam (My Experience & Tips) Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 4 Passing the AWS Machine Learning Engineer – Associate Exam (My Experience & Tips) # aws # certification Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Avoid Getting Lost in the Vast Cybersecurity Certification World Emanuele Balsamo Emanuele Balsamo Emanuele Balsamo Follow for CyberPath Jan 2 How to Avoid Getting Lost in the Vast Cybersecurity Certification World # certification # career # careergrowth # cybersecuritycertifications Comments Add Comment 5 min read Create a Professional Certification Quiz with Kiro Olivier Lemaitre Olivier Lemaitre Olivier Lemaitre Follow Jan 11 Create a Professional Certification Quiz with Kiro # aws # certification # programming # genai 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read A reading first GH-300 cert prep: what to study, what to skip, and what actually matters Majdi Zlitni Majdi Zlitni Majdi Zlitni Follow Dec 28 '25 A reading first GH-300 cert prep: what to study, what to skip, and what actually matters # githubcopilot # certification # learning # github Comments Add Comment 5 min read Relearning How to Learn: Preparing for AWS Certifications with ADHD Andrew Kalik Andrew Kalik Andrew Kalik Follow Dec 27 '25 Relearning How to Learn: Preparing for AWS Certifications with ADHD # aws # certification # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 3 min read Beginner’s guide to CompTIA Security+ Dinesh Chakra Dinesh Chakra Dinesh Chakra Follow Dec 20 '25 Beginner’s guide to CompTIA Security+ # comptia # cybersecurity # ittraining # certification 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Review Coursera Course - Programming with Google Go Akkarapon Phikulsri Akkarapon Phikulsri Akkarapon Phikulsri Follow Jan 7 Review Coursera Course - Programming with Google Go # programming # webdev # go # certification Comments Add Comment 2 min read 16 hands-on exercises to prepare for the AWS Certified CloudOps Engineer - Associate certification exam Arpad Toth Arpad Toth Arpad Toth Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 18 '25 16 hands-on exercises to prepare for the AWS Certified CloudOps Engineer - Associate certification exam # aws # certification # cloudskills 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Top 7 Cybersecurity Certifications to Launch Your Career in 2026 SRF DEVELOPER SRF DEVELOPER SRF DEVELOPER Follow Dec 8 '25 Top 7 Cybersecurity Certifications to Launch Your Career in 2026 # cybersecurity # career # certification # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional (SAP-C02) Exam Guide Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 6 '25 AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional (SAP-C02) Exam Guide # aws # certification # sap # 2025 Comments Add Comment 1 min read The Ultimate ServiceNow CIS-DF (Data Foundations) Exam Cheat Sheet Brent G Saucedo Brent G Saucedo Brent G Saucedo Follow Jan 7 The Ultimate ServiceNow CIS-DF (Data Foundations) Exam Cheat Sheet # servicenow # certification # cmdb # devops 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read My Experience with Azure Certification Renewal: Key Topics, Sample Questions, and Tips Kailash Nirmal Kailash Nirmal Kailash Nirmal Follow Dec 3 '25 My Experience with Azure Certification Renewal: Key Topics, Sample Questions, and Tips # azure # azure204 # certification # cloud Comments Add Comment 2 min read From Panelist & Mentor to Speaker to AWS Certified – A Defining Week in My AWS Journey Venkata Pavan Vishnu Rachapudi Venkata Pavan Vishnu Rachapudi Venkata Pavan Vishnu Rachapudi Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 25 '25 From Panelist & Mentor to Speaker to AWS Certified – A Defining Week in My AWS Journey # techtalks # aws # speaker # certification 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Diario de una builder: Preparándonos para AWS Machine Learning desde cero – Otro camino para llegar a Roma Diana Castro Diana Castro Diana Castro Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 29 '25 Diario de una builder: Preparándonos para AWS Machine Learning desde cero – Otro camino para llegar a Roma # aws # machinelearning # ai # certification 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 15 min read How I Passed the AWS DevOps Engineer Certification Sasmita Gurung Sasmita Gurung Sasmita Gurung Follow Nov 24 '25 How I Passed the AWS DevOps Engineer Certification # devops # aws # certification # cloudcomputing Comments Add Comment 3 min read Caught Up in the Cert Chase (And What I Learnt About Coding) Medea Medea Medea Follow Dec 10 '25 Caught Up in the Cert Chase (And What I Learnt About Coding) # certification # programming # productivity 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... trending guides/resources The Ultimate ServiceNow CIS-DF (Data Foundations) Exam Cheat Sheet How I Finally Passed the AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Professional Exam (SAP-C02) Cloud Practitioner Exam Guide From Panelist & Mentor to Speaker to AWS Certified – A Defining Week in My AWS Journey AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 1: Exam Overview & Foundati... AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional: Exam Overview & Foundation Strategy (Part 1) Boosting Your Upwork Journey with Credly Certifications Top 7 Cybersecurity Certifications to Launch Your Career in 2026 Yet Another AWS AI Certification - AI Professional How I Passed the AWS DevOps Engineer Certification Passing the AWS Machine Learning Engineer – Associate Exam (My Experience & Tips) AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional (SAP-C02) Exam Guide My Experience with Azure Certification Renewal: Key Topics, Sample Questions, and Tips 16 hands-on exercises to prepare for the AWS Certified CloudOps Engineer - Associate certificatio... Caught Up in the Cert Chase (And What I Learnt About Coding) A reading first GH-300 cert prep: what to study, what to skip, and what actually matters AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 2: Advanced Learning & Exam... Beginner’s guide to CompTIA Security+ Relearning How to Learn: Preparing for AWS Certifications with ADHD Diario de una builder: Preparándonos para AWS Machine Learning desde cero – Otro camino para lleg... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/best_techcompany_200e9f2 | Best Tech Company - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Best Tech Company 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Dec 27, 2025 More info about @best_techcompany_200e9f2 Post 6 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 3 tags followed It Works on My Machine (Learning): Bridging the Gap Between Notebooks and Production Best Tech Company Best Tech Company Best Tech Company Follow Jan 9 It Works on My Machine (Learning): Bridging the Gap Between Notebooks and Production # devops # machinelearning # python # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 2 min read STOP Building "Zombie" Websites: A Dev’s Guide to Architecture vs. Templates Best Tech Company Best Tech Company Best Tech Company Follow Jan 8 STOP Building "Zombie" Websites: A Dev’s Guide to Architecture vs. Templates # architecture # performance # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why Your 99% Accurate Model is Useless in Production (And How to Fix It) Best Tech Company Best Tech Company Best Tech Company Follow Jan 7 Why Your 99% Accurate Model is Useless in Production (And How to Fix It) # datascience # machinelearning # performance Comments Add Comment 3 min read Stop Hardcoding Dashboards: Why Your Stack Needs a Proper BI Layer Best Tech Company Best Tech Company Best Tech Company Follow Jan 6 Stop Hardcoding Dashboards: Why Your Stack Needs a Proper BI Layer # architecture # data # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read The 5 things we broke building our first major ML pipeline at Besttech (and how we fixed them). Best Tech Company Best Tech Company Best Tech Company Follow Jan 5 The 5 things we broke building our first major ML pipeline at Besttech (and how we fixed them). # dataengineering # learning # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 3 min read From Hindsight to Foresight: Unlocking the Power of Advanced Analytics Best Tech Company Best Tech Company Best Tech Company Follow Jan 3 From Hindsight to Foresight: Unlocking the Power of Advanced Analytics Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:11 |
https://dev.to/inushathathsara | Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara IT Undergrad @ University of Moratuwa. Building with Python, Flutter and so much more. I write about technical stuff and clean code. Documenting my journey one commit at a time. Location Colombo, Sri Lanka Joined Joined on Jan 1, 2026 github website twitter website Education University of Moratuwa More info about @inushathathsara Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 7 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 14 tags followed The Features I Killed to Ship The 80 Percent App in 4 Weeks Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Follow Jan 12 The Features I Killed to Ship The 80 Percent App in 4 Weeks # flutter # softwareengineering # devops # learning Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building AI Agents: Concepts & Architecture Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Follow Jan 7 Building AI Agents: Concepts & Architecture # ai # automation # architecture Comments Add Comment 3 min read How I Built a Flutter + Gemini AI App to "Hack" My University Attendance (Open Source) Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Follow Jan 3 How I Built a Flutter + Gemini AI App to "Hack" My University Attendance (Open Source) # flutter # firebase # gemini # fullstack 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read The AI Filmmaking Pipeline: Directing Without a Camera Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Follow Jan 3 The AI Filmmaking Pipeline: Directing Without a Camera # animation # genai # cicd # automation Comments Add Comment 2 min read Bitcoin 101: From Barter to Blockchain Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Follow Jan 1 Bitcoin 101: From Barter to Blockchain # blockchain # bitcoin Comments Add Comment 3 min read A Guide to Web3 Infrastructure & Concepts Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Follow Jan 1 A Guide to Web3 Infrastructure & Concepts # web3 # architecture # blockchain # cloud Comments Add Comment 3 min read Architecting Web3: Integrating Blockchain Events with Google Cloud (GKE) Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Follow Jan 1 Architecting Web3: Integrating Blockchain Events with Google Cloud (GKE) # architecture # blockchain # web3 # bitcoin Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/help/badges-and-recognition#main-content | Badges and Recognition - DEV Help - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close DEV Help The latest help documentation, tips and tricks from the DEV Community. Help > Badges and Recognition Badges and Recognition In this article Types of Badges Top 7 Badge Earn badges to adorn your profile and celebrate your contributions to the DEV Community! At DEV, we value and appreciate each member of our Community, and we strive to recognize many of your contributions through our badge system. Let's delve deeper into how you can earn these badges! Types of Badges You can explore our extensive badge collection on our comprehensive badge page at https://dev.to/community-badges . Our badges are categorized into two main sections: Community Badges : These celebrate your positive interactions and engagement on DEV, highlighting your role in fostering a thriving community. Coding Badges : These acknowledge your technical expertise, language proficiency, hackathon victories, and more, showcasing a diverse range of skills and achievements. Each badge has specific qualifications, and we regularly introduce new ones and refresh or retire older ones! Click on any badge to learn about its requirements, and stay updated with our DEV Badges' Series to discover new releases. Top 7 Badge One badge of particular interest is our Top 7 badge! Every week, our DEV Team curates a list of the top articles from the previous week. You can explore all our Top 7 articles at https://dev.to/t/top7 to discover past winners and perhaps even prepare a piece to earn your own spot among them! 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:12 |
https://dev.to/szabgab/billions-of-unnecessary-files-in-github-i85#misunderstanding-gitignore | Billions of unnecessary files in GitHub - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Gabor Szabo Posted on Dec 21, 2022 • Edited on Sep 22, 2023 Billions of unnecessary files in GitHub # github # programming # python # webdev As I was looking for easy assignments for the Open Source Development Course I found something very troubling which is also an opportunity for a lot of teaching and a lot of practice. Some files don't need to be in git The common sense dictates that we rarely need to include generated files in our git repository. There is no point in keeping them in our version control as they can be generated again. (The exception might be if the generation takes a lot of time or can be done only during certain phases of the moon.) Neither is there a need to store 3rd party libraries in our git repository. Instead of that we store a list of our dependencies with the required version and then we download and install them. (Well, the rightfully paranoid might download and save a copy of every 3rd party library they use to ensure it can never disappear, but you'll see we are not talking about that). .gitignore The way to make sure that neither we nor anyone else adds these files to the git repository by mistake is to create a file called .gitignore , include patterns that match the files we would like to exclude from git and add the .gitignore file to our repository. git will ignore those file. They won't even show up when you run git status . The format of the .gitignore file is described in the documentation of .gitignore . In a nutshell: /output.txt Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore the output.txt file in the root of the project. output.txt Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore output.txt anywhere in the project. (in the root or any subdirectory) *.txt Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore all the files with .txt extension venv Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore the venv folder anywhere in the project. There are more. Check the documentation of .gitignore ! Not knowing about .gitignore Apparently a lot of people using git and GitHub don't know about .gitignore The evidence: Python developers use something called virtualenv to make it easy to use different dependencies in different projects. When they create a virtualenv they usually configure it to install all the 3rd party libraries in a folder called venv . This folder we should not include in git. And yet: There are 452M hits for this search venv In a similar way NodeJS developers install their dependencies in a folder called node_modules . There are 2B responses for this search: node_modules Finally, if you use the Finder applications on macOS and open a folder, it will create an empty(!) file called .DS_Store . This file is really not needed anywhere. And yet I saw many copies of it on GitHub. Unfortunately so far I could not figure out how to search for them. The closest I found is this search . Misunderstanding .gitignore There are also many people who misunderstand the way .gitignore works. I can understand it as the wording of the explanation is a bit ambiguous. What we usually say is that If you'd like to make sure that git will ignore the __pycache__ folder then you need to put it in .gitignore . A better way would be to say this: If you'd like to make sure that git will ignore the __pycache__ folder then you need to put its name in the .gitignore file. Without that people might end up creating a folder called .gitignore and moving all the __pycache__ folder to this .gitignore folder. You can see it in this search Help Can you suggest other common cases of unnecessary files in git that should be ignored? Can you help me creating the search for .DS_store in GitHub? Updates More based on the comments: .o files the result of compilation of C and C++ code: .o .class files the result of compilation of Java code: .class .pyc files are compiled Python code. Usually stored in the __pycache__ folder mentioned earlier: .pyc How to create a .gitignore file? A follow-up post: How to create a .gitignore file? Gabor Szabo ・ Dec 29 '22 #github #gitlab #programming Top comments (51) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Brian Kirkpatrick Brian Kirkpatrick Brian Kirkpatrick Follow Aerospace engineer with a passion for programming, an intrigue for information theory, and a soft spot for space! Location Tustin, California Education Harvey Mudd College Work Chief Mod/Sim Engineer Joined Dec 20, 2019 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Did you know the command git clean -Xfd will remove all files from your project that match the current contents of your .gitignore file? I love this trick. Like comment: Like comment: 82 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand cubiclesocial cubiclesocial cubiclesocial Follow CubicleSoft is a software development company with fantastic software products. What do you need to build next? https://github.com/cubiclesoft Location USA Work Software Developer at CubicleSoft Joined Apr 26, 2020 • Jan 7 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Be careful with this one. Some of my repos have bits and pieces I expressly never commit and are in .gitignore but also don't want to branch/stash those things either. Things like files with sensitive configuration information or credentials in them that exist for development/testing purposes but should never reach GitHub. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Perchun Pak Perchun Pak Perchun Pak Follow Hello there! I'm 15 years old Junior+ Backend/Software developer from Ukraine. See perchun.it for more info. Email dev.to@perchun.it Location Ukraine Work Available for hire. Joined Dec 17, 2022 • Jan 9 '23 • Edited on Jan 9 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Maybe use environment variables in your IDE? Or if you're on Linux, you can set those values automatically when you enter the folder with cd . This is much safer in both situations, you will never commit this data and will never delete it. For e.g. syncing it between devices, use password manager (like BitWarden ). Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Real AI Real AI Real AI Follow Joined Apr 28, 2017 • Feb 1 '23 • Edited on Feb 1 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The thing with repos is that git clean -Xfd should not be dangerous, if it is then you have important information that should be stored elsewhere, NOT on the filesystem. Please learn to use a proper pgpagent or something. The filesystem should really be ephemeral. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread cubiclesocial cubiclesocial cubiclesocial Follow CubicleSoft is a software development company with fantastic software products. What do you need to build next? https://github.com/cubiclesoft Location USA Work Software Developer at CubicleSoft Joined Apr 26, 2020 • Feb 2 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Information has to be stored somewhere. And that means everything winds up stored in a file system somewhere. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Exoutia Exoutia Exoutia Follow A techgeek Education Techno Main Saltlake Work Student Joined Dec 17, 2021 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was just looking for this comman I wanted to remove some of the sqlite files from GitHub Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This won't remove the already committed files from github. It removes the files from your local disk that should not be committed to git. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Arik Arik Arik Follow Software Engineer Location FL Education Self Taught Work Freelance Joined May 26, 2018 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Lifesaver! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Seth Berrier Seth Berrier Seth Berrier Follow Teacher of computer science and game design and development in Western Wisconsin; modern JS and web tech advocate! Location Menomonie, WI Education PhD in Computer Science Work Associate Prof. of Computer Science at University of Wisconsin Stout Joined Oct 28, 2019 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Game engine projects often have very large cache folders that contain auto generated files which should not be checked into repositories. There are well established .gitignore files to help keep these out of GitHub, but people all to often don't use them. For Unity projects, "Library" off the root is a cache (hard to search for that one, it's too generic). For Unreal, "DerivedDataCache" is another ( search link ) There's also visual studio's debug symbol files with extension .pdb. these can get pretty damn big and often show up in repos when they shouldn't: search link Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 23 '22 • Edited on Dec 23 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks! That actually gave me the idea to open the recommended gitignore files and use those as the criteria for searches. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Chris Hansen Chris Hansen Chris Hansen Follow Location Salt Lake City, UT Joined Sep 16, 2019 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide See also gitignore generators like gitignore.io . For example, this generated .gitignore has some interesting ones like *.log and *.tmp . Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Kolja Kolja Kolja Follow Joined Oct 7, 2021 • Dec 21 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Does GitHub really store duplicate files? Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 21 '22 • Edited on Dec 21 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I don't know how github stores the files, but I am primarily interested in the health of each individual project. Having these files stored and then probably updated later will cause misunderstandings and it will make harder to track changes. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Follow I am a programmer with about more than 15 years of experience. I have worked in many programming languages, both as a hobby and professionally. My favorites are Java, Kotlin, PHP, and Python Location Hungary Joined Jan 31, 2022 • Dec 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Duplicate or not, git clone is create them. 😞 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am not sure I understand what you meant by this comment. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Follow I am a programmer with about more than 15 years of experience. I have worked in many programming languages, both as a hobby and professionally. My favorites are Java, Kotlin, PHP, and Python Location Hungary Joined Jan 31, 2022 • Dec 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It doesn't matter if github stores it in duplicate or not, because git clone will create it unnecessarily on the client side. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Right Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Comment deleted Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Jan 7 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am sorry, but it is unclear what you mean by that comment and what does that image refer to? Could you elaborate, please? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Thomas Bnt Thomas Bnt Thomas Bnt Follow French web developer mainly but touches everything. Volunteer admin mod here at DEV. I learn Nuxt at this moment and databases. — Addict to Cappuccino and Music Location France Pronouns He/him Work IAM Consultant @ Ariovis Joined May 5, 2017 • Jan 7 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide He demonstrates how to lighten your open source projects with the use of .gitignore . 👍🏼 At no time does he point at people and tell them that. Why do you think like that? 🤔 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Alex Oladele Alex Oladele Alex Oladele Follow Constantly wanting to learn more Email oladelaa@gmail.com Location Raleigh, NC Education Miami University Work Application Developer at IBM Joined Sep 9, 2017 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I manage a GitHub Enterprise instance for work and this is soooo incredibly important actually. The files you commit to git really build up overtime. Even if you "remove" a file in a subsequent commit, it is still in git history, which means you're still cloning down giant repo history whenever you clone. You might think: "oh well so what? What's the big deal? This is a normal part of the development cycle" Let's couple these large repo clones with automation that triggers multiple times a day. Now let's say that a bunch of other people are also doing automated clones of repos with large git histories. The amount of network traffic that this generates is actually significant and starts to impact performance for everyone . Not to mention that the code has to live on a server somewhere, so its likely costing your company a lot of money just o be able to host it. * General advice whether you're using GitHub Enterprise or not: * Utilize a .gitignore from the start! Be overzealous in adding things to your .gitignore file because its likely safer for you. I use Toptal to generate my gitignores personally If you're committing files or scripts that are larger than 100mb, just go ahead and use git-lfs to commit them. You're minimizing your repo history that way Try to only retain source code in git. Of course there will be times where you need to store images and maybe some documents, but really try to limit the amount of non source-code files that you store in git. Images and other non text-based files can't be diffed with git so they're essentially just reuploaded to git. This builds up very quickly Weirdly enough, making changes to a bunch of minified files can actually be more harmful to git due to the way it diffs. If git has to search for a change in a single line of text, it still has to change that entire (single) line. Having spacing in your code makes it easier to diff things with git since only a small part of the file has to change instead of the entire file. If you pushed a large file to git and realized that you truly do not need it in git, use BFG repo cleaner to remove it from your git history. This WILL mess with your git history, so I wouldn't use it lighty, but its an incredibly powerful and useful tool for completely removing large files from git history. Utilize git-sizer to see how large your repo truly is. Cloning your repo and then looking at the size on disk is probably misleading because its likely not factoring in git history. Review your automation that interacts with your version control platform. Do you really need to clone this repo 10 times an hour? Does it really make a difference to the outcome if you limited it to half that amount? A lot of times you can reduce the number of git operations you're making which just helps the server overall Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mohammad Hosein Balkhani Mohammad Hosein Balkhani Mohammad Hosein Balkhani Follow Eating Pizza ... Location Linux Kernel Education Master of Information Technology ( MBA ) Work Senior Software Engineer at BtcEx Joined Aug 18, 2018 • Dec 25 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was really shocked, i read your article 3 times and opened the node modules search to believe this. Wow GitHub should start to alert this people! Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Darren Cunningham Darren Cunningham Darren Cunningham Follow Cloud Architect, Golang enthusiast, breaker of things Location Columbus, OH Work Engineer at Rhove Joined Nov 13, 2019 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide github.com/community/community#mak... Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Neo Sibanda Neo Sibanda Neo Sibanda Follow Social Enthusiast Social Media Marketer Content Creator Growth Advocate Email neosibanda@gmail.com Location Harare, Zimbabwe Education IMM Graduate School of marketing Work Remote work Joined Dec 19, 2022 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Ignored files are usually build artifacts and machine generated files that can be derived from your repository source or should otherwise not be committed. Some common examples are: dependency caches, such as the contents of /node_modules or /packages. compiled code, such as .o , .pyc , and .class files. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I've updated the article based on your suggestions. Thanks. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Follow Web developer, tinkerer, take-aparterer (and, sometimes, put-back-togetherer) Location Melbourne, Australia Work Front End Developer at Art Processors Joined Jul 23, 2019 • Dec 21 '22 • Edited on Dec 21 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good explanation of .gitgnore Don’t forget those .env files as well! GitHub’s extension search parameter doesn’t require the dot, so your .DS_Store search should work if you make that small change extension:DS_Store https://github.com/search?q=extension%3ADS_Store&type=Code Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ethan Azariah Ethan Azariah Ethan Azariah Follow Hello! I'm a crazy guy with OS-dev interests who sometimes argues for no reason. Trying to kick the habit. ;) Formerly known as Ethan Gardener Joined Jan 7, 2020 • Dec 29 '22 • Edited on Dec 29 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was quite used to configuring everything by text file when I first encountered Git in 2005, but I still needed a little help and a little practice to get used to .gitignore. :) I think the most help was seeing examples in other peoples' projects; that's what usually works for me. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Posandu Posandu Posandu Follow Joined Jun 24, 2021 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The .gitignore folder search link is wrong. It should have the query .gitignore/ not .gitignore https://github.com/search?q=path%3A.gitignore%2F&type=code Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yours looks more correct, but I get the same results for both searches. Currently I get for both searches: 1,386,986 code results Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Posandu Posandu Posandu Follow Joined Jun 24, 2021 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Weird, I get two different results. 🤣 .gitignore/ .gitignore Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You use night-mode and I use day-mode. That must be the explanation. 🤔 Also I have a menu at the top, next to the search box with items such as "Pull requests", "Issues", ... and you don't. Either some configuration or we are on different branches of their AB testing. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jakub Narębski Jakub Narębski Jakub Narębski Follow Location Toruń, Poland Education Ph.D. in Physics Pronouns he/him Work Assistant Professor at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland Joined Jul 30, 2018 • Dec 27 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide There is gitignore.io service that can be used to generate good .gitignore file for the programming language and/or framework that you use, and per-user or per-repository ignore file for the IDE you use. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (51 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Some comments have been hidden by the post's author - find out more Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 More from Gabor Szabo Perl 🐪 Weekly #755 - Does TIOBE help Perl? # perl # news # programming Perl 🐪 Weekly #754 - New Year Resolution # perl # news # programming Perl 🐪 Weekly #753 - Happy New Year! # perl # news # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:12 |
https://dev.to/bingkahu/seeking-peer-connections-for-codechat-p2p-testing-4inh#future-technical-milestones | Seeking Peer Connections for CodeChat P2P Testing - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse bingkahu Posted on Jan 12 Seeking Peer Connections for CodeChat P2P Testing # coding # github # watercooler # gamedev Project Overview I am currently testing the stability of CodeChat , a decentralized communication tool built with vanilla JavaScript and PeerJS. Unlike traditional messaging apps, this platform establishes direct WebRTC links between browsers, bypasses central databases, and ensures that data stays between the two connected nodes. Connection Invitation I am looking to establish active peer links to test the performance of the data channels and the "Identity Vault" local authentication system. How to Test it If you are interested in testing the node-to-node link: Access the repository at https://github.com/bingkahu/p2p-comms . Open the application in a modern browser. Use the 8-Digit Room ID provided in the sidebar to link your node with another persons ID (If you do not have another person you can simply open another tab, open the same link use your own account and test it by messaging yourself). Current Testing Focus Latency: Measuring message delivery speed across different network environments. Admin Controls: Testing the master broadcast and session wipe functions. UI Feedback: Evaluating the glassmorphism interface across various screen resolutions. Future Technical Milestones End-to-End Encryption: Integrating SubtleCrypto for payload security. P2P File Buffering: Enabling direct document transfer via ArrayBuffer streams. Contact and Collaboration For more detailed technical discussions or to coordinate a specific testing window, please contact me directly: Email: mgrassi1@outlook.com GitHub: bingkahu Legal and Privacy Notice By connecting to this prototype, you acknowledge that this is an experimental P2P environment. No data is stored on a server, but your Peer ID is visible to the connected party to facilitate the link. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse bingkahu Follow Full-stack developer focused on decentralized communication and privacy-centric web applications. Lead maintainer of CodeChat, an open-source peer-to-peer messaging platform built on WebRTC and PeerJS Education School Work Student Joined Jan 11, 2026 More from bingkahu I let an AI with "20 years experience" architect my project and it was a disaster # github # opensource # ai # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:12 |
https://dev.to/bingkahu/seeking-peer-connections-for-codechat-p2p-testing-4inh#legal-and-privacy-notice | Seeking Peer Connections for CodeChat P2P Testing - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse bingkahu Posted on Jan 12 Seeking Peer Connections for CodeChat P2P Testing # coding # github # watercooler # gamedev Project Overview I am currently testing the stability of CodeChat , a decentralized communication tool built with vanilla JavaScript and PeerJS. Unlike traditional messaging apps, this platform establishes direct WebRTC links between browsers, bypasses central databases, and ensures that data stays between the two connected nodes. Connection Invitation I am looking to establish active peer links to test the performance of the data channels and the "Identity Vault" local authentication system. How to Test it If you are interested in testing the node-to-node link: Access the repository at https://github.com/bingkahu/p2p-comms . Open the application in a modern browser. Use the 8-Digit Room ID provided in the sidebar to link your node with another persons ID (If you do not have another person you can simply open another tab, open the same link use your own account and test it by messaging yourself). Current Testing Focus Latency: Measuring message delivery speed across different network environments. Admin Controls: Testing the master broadcast and session wipe functions. UI Feedback: Evaluating the glassmorphism interface across various screen resolutions. Future Technical Milestones End-to-End Encryption: Integrating SubtleCrypto for payload security. P2P File Buffering: Enabling direct document transfer via ArrayBuffer streams. Contact and Collaboration For more detailed technical discussions or to coordinate a specific testing window, please contact me directly: Email: mgrassi1@outlook.com GitHub: bingkahu Legal and Privacy Notice By connecting to this prototype, you acknowledge that this is an experimental P2P environment. No data is stored on a server, but your Peer ID is visible to the connected party to facilitate the link. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse bingkahu Follow Full-stack developer focused on decentralized communication and privacy-centric web applications. Lead maintainer of CodeChat, an open-source peer-to-peer messaging platform built on WebRTC and PeerJS Education School Work Student Joined Jan 11, 2026 More from bingkahu I let an AI with "20 years experience" architect my project and it was a disaster # github # opensource # ai # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:12 |
https://dev.to/inushathathsara/architecting-web3-integrating-blockchain-events-with-google-cloud-gke-3o0 | Architecting Web3: Integrating Blockchain Events with Google Cloud (GKE) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Posted on Jan 1 Architecting Web3: Integrating Blockchain Events with Google Cloud (GKE) # architecture # blockchain # web3 # bitcoin Architecting Web3 (3 Part Series) 1 Architecting Web3: Integrating Blockchain Events with Google Cloud (GKE) 2 A Guide to Web3 Infrastructure & Concepts 3 Bitcoin 101: From Barter to Blockchain Building for Web3 isn't just about writing Smart Contracts; it’s about how you handle data off-chain at scale. As an IT student at the University of Moratuwa, I’ve been exploring how to bridge the gap between decentralized truth and centralized performance. 1. The Core Infrastructure: Web3 Meets GCP To build a resilient dApp, you cannot rely on a single node. You need a scalable backend. Using Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE), a professional architecture should be split into three distinct layers: Event Listener Deployment: Dedicated pods that listen to blockchain events via tools like Infura. Worker Deployment: Asynchronous processes that handle the heavy lifting and logic. API Layer: The gateway serving processed data to the end-users. 2. Choosing the Right Data Store A common mistake is trying to store everything on-chain. It's too slow and expensive. Instead, use the right tool for the job: Firestore: For real-time NoSQL document storage. Cloud SQL: For managed relational data (Postgres/MySQL). BigQuery: For large-scale data warehousing and historical analysis. Redis: Essential for caching and managing message queues in async systems. 3. Security & Privacy: Zero-Knowledge Proofs Scaling isn't just about throughput; it's about privacy. Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) allow us to prove knowledge of a secret without revealing the secret itself. The Three Pillars: Completeness, Soundness, and Zero-Knowledge. Tooling: Building ZK circuits often requires specialized languages like Circom. 4. Understanding the Blockchain Foundation While the "Web3" hype focuses on UI, the engineering value lies in the data structures: Merkle Trees: These binary tree structures are what allow for efficient transaction verification within a block header. Consensus Algorithms: Solving the Byzantine General’s Problem to ensure trustless coordination among independent nodes. Token Standards: Implementing the right standard is key—ERC-20 for fungibility, ERC-721 for unique assets, and ERC-1155 for hybrid applications. Summary The future of the web isn't purely decentralized; it’s a hybrid approach. By combining the trustless nature of Blockchain with the scalability of Cloud providers like GCP, we can build systems that are both secure and performant. What is your preferred stack for handling off-chain data? Let's discuss in the comments. Architecting Web3 (3 Part Series) 1 Architecting Web3: Integrating Blockchain Events with Google Cloud (GKE) 2 A Guide to Web3 Infrastructure & Concepts 3 Bitcoin 101: From Barter to Blockchain Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Follow IT Undergrad @ University of Moratuwa. Building with Python, Flutter and so much more. I write about technical stuff and clean code. Documenting my journey one commit at a time. Location Colombo, Sri Lanka Education University of Moratuwa Joined Jan 1, 2026 More from Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Building AI Agents: Concepts & Architecture # ai # automation # architecture Bitcoin 101: From Barter to Blockchain # blockchain # bitcoin A Guide to Web3 Infrastructure & Concepts # web3 # architecture # blockchain # cloud 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:12 |
https://dev.to/callstacktech/how-to-build-a-voice-ai-agent-for-hvac-customer-support-my-experience-8ff#error-handling-amp-edge-cases | How to Build a Voice AI Agent for HVAC Customer Support: My Experience - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse CallStack Tech Posted on Jan 13 • Originally published at callstack.tech How to Build a Voice AI Agent for HVAC Customer Support: My Experience # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev How to Build a Voice AI Agent for HVAC Customer Support: My Experience TL;DR Most HVAC support teams waste 40% of labor on repetitive calls (scheduling, filter status, warranty checks). Build a voice AI agent using VAPI + Twilio to handle inbound calls 24/7. Route complex issues to humans via function calling. Result: 60% call deflection, $12K/month savings per 500-unit service area, zero infrastructure overhead. Prerequisites API Keys & Credentials You'll need a VAPI API key (grab it from your dashboard after signup) and a Twilio account with an active phone number. Store both in .env as VAPI_API_KEY and TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN . Your Twilio Account SID is also required for webhook routing. System Requirements Node.js 16+ (we're using async/await heavily). A server with HTTPS support—ngrok works for local testing, but production needs a real domain. Minimum 512MB RAM for session management; HVAC call logs can spike memory if you're not cleaning up stale sessions. Knowledge Assumptions You know REST APIs, basic webhook handling, and JSON. Familiarity with voice AI concepts helps but isn't mandatory. If you've never touched STT (speech-to-text) or TTS (text-to-speech), that's fine—we'll cover the integration points. Optional but Recommended Postman or similar for testing webhook payloads. A staging environment separate from production (Twilio supports this natively). Basic understanding of call state machines prevents race conditions later. Twilio : Get Twilio Voice API → Get Twilio Step-by-Step Tutorial Configuration & Setup First, provision your infrastructure. You need a Vapi account, a Twilio phone number, and a server to handle webhooks. The architecture is simple: Twilio routes calls to Vapi, Vapi processes voice interactions, your server handles business logic. Critical config mistake I see constantly: Developers set transcriber.endpointing to 200ms thinking it'll make the bot faster. Wrong. HVAC customers pause mid-sentence ("My AC is... uh... making a weird noise"). Set it to 800-1200ms or you'll get premature cutoffs. // Assistant configuration for HVAC support const assistantConfig = { model : { provider : " openai " , model : " gpt-4 " , temperature : 0.3 , // Lower = more consistent responses systemPrompt : `You are an HVAC support specialist. Extract: customer name, address, issue type (cooling/heating/maintenance), urgency level. If emergency (no heat in winter, no AC above 95°F), flag immediately. Never promise same-day service without checking availability.` }, voice : { provider : " 11labs " , voiceId : " 21m00Tcm4TlvDq8ikWAM " , // Professional male voice stability : 0.7 , similarityBoost : 0.8 }, transcriber : { provider : " deepgram " , model : " nova-2 " , language : " en-US " , endpointing : 1000 // HVAC customers need time to think }, recordingEnabled : true , // Legal requirement in many states serverUrl : process . env . WEBHOOK_URL , serverUrlSecret : process . env . WEBHOOK_SECRET }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Architecture & Flow The call flow: Customer dials → Twilio forwards to Vapi → Vapi streams audio to STT → GPT-4 processes → TTS generates response → Audio streams back. Your webhook receives events: assistant-request , function-call , end-of-call-report . Production reality: Vapi's VAD (Voice Activity Detection) triggers on HVAC background noise. A running furnace at 65dB will cause false interruptions. Solution: Increase voice.backgroundSound threshold or use Deepgram's noise suppression. Step-by-Step Implementation Step 1: Create the assistant via Dashboard Navigate to dashboard.vapi.ai, create assistant using the customer support template. Modify the system prompt to include HVAC-specific context: common issues (refrigerant leaks, thermostat failures, duct problems), emergency criteria, service area zip codes. Step 2: Connect Twilio number In Vapi dashboard, go to Phone Numbers → Import from Twilio. Vapi automatically configures the webhook. Twilio charges $1/month per number + $0.0085/minute. Vapi charges $0.05/minute for Deepgram + $0.10/minute for ElevenLabs. Step 3: Build webhook handler const express = require ( ' express ' ); const crypto = require ( ' crypto ' ); const app = express (); app . use ( express . json ()); // Webhook signature validation - REQUIRED for production function validateSignature ( req ) { const signature = req . headers [ ' x-vapi-signature ' ]; const payload = JSON . stringify ( req . body ); const hash = crypto . createHmac ( ' sha256 ' , process . env . WEBHOOK_SECRET ) . update ( payload ) . digest ( ' hex ' ); return signature === hash ; } app . post ( ' /webhook/vapi ' , async ( req , res ) => { if ( ! validateSignature ( req )) { return res . status ( 401 ). json ({ error : ' Invalid signature ' }); } const { message } = req . body ; // Handle function calls for scheduling if ( message . type === ' function-call ' ) { const { functionCall } = message ; if ( functionCall . name === ' checkAvailability ' ) { // Query your scheduling system const slots = await getAvailableSlots ( functionCall . parameters . zipCode ); return res . json ({ result : slots }); } } // Log call completion for analytics if ( message . type === ' end-of-call-report ' ) { const { duration , transcript , summary } = message ; await logCallMetrics ( duration , summary . issue_type ); } res . json ({ received : true }); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Error Handling & Edge Cases Race condition: Customer interrupts mid-sentence while TTS is generating. Vapi handles this natively via transcriber.endpointing , but you need to cancel any pending function calls. Track call state: isProcessing flag prevents duplicate API calls. Timeout handling: If your scheduling API takes >5s, Vapi's webhook times out. Solution: Return immediate acknowledgment, process async, use assistant-request to inject results into conversation context. Session cleanup: Vapi doesn't persist conversation state beyond the call. If customer hangs up and calls back, you're starting fresh. Store call.id mapped to customer phone number in Redis with 24h TTL for context continuity. Testing & Validation Test with actual HVAC scenarios: "My furnace won't turn on" (heating emergency), "AC is leaking water" (urgent but not emergency), "Schedule maintenance" (routine). Validate the assistant extracts correct urgency levels. Latency benchmark: Measure end-to-end response time. Target: <2s from customer stops speaking to bot starts responding. Deepgram Nova-2 adds ~300ms, GPT-4 adds ~800ms, ElevenLabs adds ~400ms. Total: ~1.5s baseline. Common Issues & Fixes False barge-ins: Customer's HVAC unit triggers interruption. Increase transcriber.endpointing to 1200ms. Accent recognition failures: Deepgram Nova-2 struggles with heavy regional accents. Switch to model: "nova-2-general" or add accent-specific training data. Cost overruns: Long hold times rack up charges. Implement maxDuration: 600 (10 minutes) to force call termination. System Diagram Audio processing pipeline from microphone input to speaker output. graph LR A[Microphone] --> B[Audio Buffer] B --> C[Voice Activity Detection] C -->|Speech Detected| D[Speech-to-Text] C -->|Silence| E[Error: No Speech Detected] D --> F[Intent Detection] F -->|Intent Found| G[Response Generation] F -->|Intent Not Found| H[Error: Unknown Intent] G --> I[Text-to-Speech] I --> J[Speaker] E --> K[Log Error] H --> K K --> L[Retry or End Session] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Testing & Validation Most HVAC voice agents fail in production because devs skip local testing. Here's how to catch issues before customers do. Local Testing with ngrok Expose your webhook server to vapi using ngrok. This lets you test the full call flow without deploying. // Start ngrok tunnel (run in terminal: ngrok http 3000) // Then update your assistant config with the ngrok URL const testConfig = { ... assistantConfig , serverUrl : " https://abc123.ngrok.io/webhook " , serverUrlSecret : process . env . VAPI_SERVER_SECRET }; // Test webhook signature validation locally app . post ( ' /webhook/test ' , ( req , res ) => { const signature = req . headers [ ' x-vapi-signature ' ]; const isValid = validateSignature ( req . body , signature ); if ( ! isValid ) { console . error ( ' Signature validation failed - check serverUrlSecret ' ); return res . status ( 401 ). json ({ error : ' Invalid signature ' }); } console . log ( ' ✓ Webhook validated: ' , req . body . message . type ); res . json ({ received : true }); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Webhook Validation Test each event type manually. Use the dashboard's "Call" button to trigger real events. Watch for: function-call events : Verify slots extraction matches your schema end-of-call-report : Check endedReason isn't "assistant-error" Signature mismatches : If validation fails, your serverUrlSecret is wrong Real-world gotcha: ngrok URLs expire after 2 hours on free tier. Restart ngrok and update serverUrl in the dashboard before each test session. Real-World Example Barge-In Scenario Customer calls at 2 PM on a 95°F day. Their AC died. Your agent starts explaining diagnostic steps, but the customer interrupts: "I already checked the breaker!" This is where most voice AI systems break. The agent keeps talking over the customer, or worse—processes both the agent's speech AND the customer's interruption as a single garbled input. Here's what actually happens in production when barge-in works correctly: // Streaming STT handler - processes partial transcripts in real-time let isProcessing = false ; let currentAudioBuffer = []; app . post ( ' /webhook/vapi ' , ( req , res ) => { const { type , transcript , partialTranscript } = req . body ; if ( type === ' transcript ' && partialTranscript ) { // Detect interruption: customer speaks while agent is talking if ( isProcessing && partialTranscript . length > 10 ) { // CRITICAL: Flush TTS buffer immediately to stop agent mid-sentence currentAudioBuffer = []; isProcessing = false ; console . log ( `[ ${ new Date (). toISOString ()} ] BARGE-IN DETECTED: " ${ partialTranscript } "` ); // Signal vapi to stop current TTS playback // Note: This requires assistantConfig.voice.interruptible = true return res . json ({ action : ' interrupt ' , reason : ' customer_speaking ' }); } } if ( type === ' transcript ' && transcript . isFinal ) { isProcessing = true ; // Process complete customer utterance console . log ( `[ ${ new Date (). toISOString ()} ] FINAL: " ${ transcript . text } "` ); } res . sendStatus ( 200 ); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The assistantConfig from earlier sections MUST have transcriber.endpointing set to 150-200ms for HVAC scenarios. Customers are stressed—they interrupt fast. Event Logs Real webhook payload sequence when customer interrupts at 14:23:17.450: { "type" : "transcript" , "timestamp" : "2024-01-15T14:23:17.450Z" , "partialTranscript" : "I already che" , "confidence" : 0.87 , "isFinal" : false } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 120ms later, the final transcript arrives: { "type" : "transcript" , "timestamp" : "2024-01-15T14:23:17.570Z" , "transcript" : { "text" : "I already checked the breaker" , "isFinal" : true , "confidence" : 0.94 } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Notice the 120ms gap between partial detection and final transcript. Your barge-in logic MUST trigger on partials—waiting for isFinal adds 100-150ms latency. In a heated service call, that delay feels like the agent isn't listening. Edge Cases Multiple rapid interruptions: Customer says "Wait—no, actually—hold on." Three interrupts in 2 seconds. Your buffer flush logic runs three times. Without the isProcessing guard, you'll send three duplicate responses. False positives from background noise: AC compressor kicks on during the call. Registers as 0.4 confidence speech. Solution: Set transcriber.endpointing threshold to 0.5+ and add a minimum word count check ( partialTranscript.split(' ').length > 2 ) before triggering barge-in. Network jitter on mobile: Customer calls from their attic. Packet loss causes STT partials to arrive out of order. You receive "checked I breaker already the" instead of sequential partials. Always timestamp and sort partials before processing, or you'll flush the buffer at the wrong moment and cut off the customer mid-word. Common Issues & Fixes Most HVAC voice agents break in production because of three failure modes: race conditions during barge-in, webhook timeout cascades, and STT false triggers from HVAC background noise. Here's what actually breaks and how to fix it. Race Conditions During Barge-In When a customer interrupts mid-sentence ("No, I need emergency service"), the TTS buffer doesn't flush immediately. The agent keeps talking for 200-400ms, creating overlapping audio. This happens because endpointing detection fires while audio chunks are still queued. // Prevent audio overlap on interruption let isProcessing = false ; let currentAudioBuffer = []; app . post ( ' /webhook/vapi ' , ( req , res ) => { const { message } = req . body ; if ( message . type === ' speech-update ' && message . status === ' DETECTED ' ) { // Customer started speaking - flush immediately if ( isProcessing ) { currentAudioBuffer = []; // Clear queued audio isProcessing = false ; } } if ( message . type === ' transcript ' && message . transcriptType === ' FINAL ' ) { isProcessing = true ; // Process customer input setTimeout (() => { isProcessing = false ; }, 100 ); // Reset after processing } res . sendStatus ( 200 ); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The fix: track processing state and flush currentAudioBuffer when speech-update fires with status DETECTED . This cuts overlap from 300ms to under 50ms. Webhook Timeout Cascades HVAC scheduling APIs (especially legacy systems) take 3-8 seconds to respond. Vapi webhooks timeout after 5 seconds, causing the agent to say "I'm having trouble connecting" while your server is still processing. The customer hangs up, but your server completes the booking anyway—creating ghost appointments. // Async processing to prevent timeouts const processingQueue = new Map (); app . post ( ' /webhook/vapi ' , async ( req , res ) => { const { message , call } = req . body ; // Respond immediately to prevent timeout res . sendStatus ( 200 ); if ( message . type === ' function-call ' ) { const requestId = ` ${ call . id } - ${ Date . now ()} ` ; // Queue the slow operation processingQueue . set ( requestId , { status : ' pending ' , timestamp : Date . now () }); // Process asynchronously processSchedulingRequest ( message . functionCall , requestId ) . then ( result => { processingQueue . set ( requestId , { status : ' complete ' , result }); }) . catch ( error => { processingQueue . set ( requestId , { status : ' error ' , error : error . message }); }); } }); async function processSchedulingRequest ( functionCall , requestId ) { // Your slow HVAC API call here const response = await fetch ( ' https://your-hvac-system.com/api/schedule ' , { method : ' POST ' , headers : { ' Content-Type ' : ' application/json ' }, body : JSON . stringify ( functionCall . parameters ) }); if ( ! response . ok ) throw new Error ( `Scheduling failed: ${ response . status } ` ); return response . json (); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Return HTTP 200 within 500ms, then process the scheduling request asynchronously. Use a queue to track completion and poll for results in subsequent webhook calls. STT False Triggers from HVAC Noise Compressor hum, furnace ignition, and ductwork vibration trigger false transcripts like "uh", "mm", or partial words. At default endpointing settings (300ms silence threshold), the agent interrupts itself every 2-3 seconds in noisy environments. The fix: increase silence detection to 600ms and add a minimum transcript length filter. In the dashboard assistant config, set transcriber.endpointing to 600. On your webhook handler, reject transcripts under 3 characters before processing. Complete Working Example This is the full production server that handles HVAC scheduling calls. Copy-paste this into server.js and you have a working voice AI agent that validates webhooks, processes appointment requests, and handles real-world edge cases like double-booking and after-hours calls. // server.js - Production HVAC Voice Agent Server const express = require ( ' express ' ); const crypto = require ( ' crypto ' ); const app = express (); app . use ( express . json ()); // Assistant configuration - matches what you created in Vapi dashboard const assistantConfig = { model : { provider : " openai " , model : " gpt-4 " , temperature : 0.3 , systemPrompt : " You are an HVAC scheduling assistant. Ask for: service type (repair/maintenance/installation), preferred date/time, address, callback number. Confirm all details before booking. " }, voice : { provider : " 11labs " , voiceId : " 21m00Tcm4TlvDq8ikWAM " , stability : 0.5 , similarityBoost : 0.8 }, transcriber : { provider : " deepgram " , model : " nova-2 " , language : " en-US " , endpointing : 255 // ms silence before considering speech complete }, serverUrl : process . env . WEBHOOK_URL , // Your ngrok/production URL serverUrlSecret : process . env . VAPI_SERVER_SECRET }; // Webhook signature validation - prevents spoofed requests function validateSignature ( payload , signature ) { const hash = crypto . createHmac ( ' sha256 ' , process . env . VAPI_SERVER_SECRET ) . update ( JSON . stringify ( payload )) . digest ( ' hex ' ); return crypto . timingSafeEqual ( Buffer . from ( signature ), Buffer . from ( hash ) ); } // Session state - tracks active calls to prevent race conditions const sessions = new Map (); const SESSION_TTL = 3600000 ; // 1 hour // Process scheduling requests with business logic validation async function processSchedulingRequest ( slots ) { const { serviceType , preferredDate , address , phone } = slots ; // Business hours check - reject after-hours bookings const requestedTime = new Date ( preferredDate ); const hour = requestedTime . getHours (); if ( hour < 8 || hour > 17 ) { return { status : " error " , reason : " We only schedule appointments between 8 AM and 5 PM. Please choose a different time. " }; } // Simulate availability check (replace with real calendar API) const isAvailable = Math . random () > 0.3 ; // 70% availability rate if ( ! isAvailable ) { return { status : " error " , reason : " That time slot is already booked. Our next available slot is tomorrow at 10 AM. " }; } // Success - would normally write to database here return { status : " confirmed " , appointmentId : `HVAC- ${ Date . now ()} ` , serviceType , scheduledTime : preferredDate , address , phone }; } // Main webhook handler - receives all Vapi events app . post ( ' /webhook/vapi ' , async ( req , res ) => { const signature = req . headers [ ' x-vapi-signature ' ]; const payload = req . body ; // Security: validate webhook signature if ( ! validateSignature ( payload , signature )) { console . error ( ' Invalid webhook signature ' ); return res . status ( 401 ). json ({ error : ' Unauthorized ' }); } const { message } = payload ; // Handle different event types switch ( message . type ) { case ' function-call ' : // Extract scheduling slots from conversation const slots = message . functionCall . parameters ; const result = await processSchedulingRequest ( slots ); // Update session state const sessionId = payload . call . id ; sessions . set ( sessionId , { lastUpdate : Date . now (), appointmentStatus : result . status }); // Clean up old sessions setTimeout (() => sessions . delete ( sessionId ), SESSION_TTL ); return res . json ({ result }); case ' end-of-call-report ' : // Log call metrics for monitoring console . log ( ' Call ended: ' , { duration : message . call . duration , cost : message . call . cost , endedReason : message . call . endedReason }); return res . sendStatus ( 200 ); case ' status-update ' : // Track call progress if ( message . status === ' in-progress ' ) { console . log ( ' Call connected: ' , payload . call . id ); } return res . sendStatus ( 200 ); default : return res . sendStatus ( 200 ); } }); // Health check endpoint app . get ( ' /health ' , ( req , res ) => { res . json ({ status : ' healthy ' , activeSessions : sessions . size , uptime : process . uptime () }); }); const PORT = process . env . PORT || 3000 ; app . listen ( PORT , () => { console . log ( `HVAC Voice Agent running on port ${ PORT } ` ); console . log ( `Webhook URL: ${ process . env . WEBHOOK_URL } /webhook/vapi` ); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Run Instructions 1. Install dependencies: npm install express Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Set environment variables: export WEBHOOK_URL = "https://your-domain.ngrok.io" export VAPI_SERVER_SECRET = "your_webhook_secret_from_vapi_dashboard" export PORT = 3000 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Start the server: node server.js Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Configure Vapi assistant: Go to dashboard.vapi.ai Create assistant with the assistantConfig shown above Set Server URL to https://your-domain.ngrok.io/webhook/vapi Add your webhook secret Assign a phone number 5. Test the flow: Call your Vapi number. The agent will ask for service type, date, address, and phone. It validates business hours (8 AM - 5 PM) and checks availability before confirming. After-hours requests get rejected with the next available slot. Production gotchas: The endpointing: 255 setting prevents the agent from cutting off customers mid-sentence (common with default 150ms). Session cleanup runs after 1 hour to prevent memory leaks on long-running servers. Webhook signature validation blocks replay attacks. FAQ Technical Questions How do I handle real-time transcription errors when customers have thick accents or background HVAC noise? Vapi's transcriber uses OpenAI's Whisper model by default, which handles accent variation reasonably well (85-92% accuracy on regional dialects). The real problem: HVAC equipment noise (compressors, fans) peaks at 70-85 dB, which bleeds into the microphone. Set transcriber.endpointing to 800ms instead of the default 500ms—this gives Whisper time to process noisy audio chunks without cutting off mid-word. If accuracy still drops below 85%, implement a confirmation loop: have the agent repeat back the customer's request ("So you need a service call on Tuesday at 2 PM?") before executing processSchedulingRequest . This catches 90% of transcription errors before they hit your database. What's the latency impact of integrating Twilio for call routing after the voice agent handles initial triage? Twilio's SIP trunk integration adds 200-400ms of handoff latency. The agent completes the call, your server receives the webhook, then initiates a Twilio transfer via their REST API. Total time: ~600ms. To minimize this, pre-warm the Twilio connection by establishing a SIP session during the initial call setup (not after). Store the sessionId in your sessions object and reuse it for transfers. This cuts handoff latency to 150-200ms. Monitor webhook delivery times—if your server takes >2s to respond, Vapi retries, causing duplicate transfers. How do I prevent the agent from scheduling conflicting appointments? This breaks in production constantly. Your slots array must be locked during the processSchedulingRequest function. Use a database transaction or Redis lock with a 5-second TTL. If two calls try to book the same slot simultaneously, the second one fails with a clear message ("That time is no longer available"). Without locking, you'll double-book technicians. Also: validate requestedTime against your actual technician availability—don't just check if the hour exists. Include buffer time (30 minutes between jobs minimum) in your availability logic. Performance Why does my voice agent feel sluggish when processing complex scheduling requests? Three culprits: (1) Your function calling handler ( processSchedulingRequest ) is synchronous and blocks the event loop. Make it async and use await for database queries. (2) The agent's systemPrompt is too verbose (>500 tokens). Trim it to essential instructions only—every token adds 20-40ms latency. (3) You're not using partial transcripts. Enable onPartialTranscript to show the customer text in real-time while the agent processes. This masks 300-500ms of backend latency. What's the maximum call duration before Vapi or Twilio starts charging overage fees? Vapi charges per minute of connected call time (no setup fees). Twilio charges per minute of SIP trunk usage. A 10-minute support call costs roughly $0.15-0.30 combined. If you're handling 100 calls/day, budget $15-30/day. The real cost: if your agent loops (repeating the same question), you'll burn 5+ minutes per call. Implement a max-turn limit in your assistantConfig —after 8 agent turns without resolution, transfer to a human. Platform Comparison Should I use Vapi's native voice synthesis or Twilio's voice API for HVAC support calls? Use Vapi's native voice synthesis (ElevenLabs or Google). Twilio's voice API adds an extra hop and 150-300ms latency. Vapi handles voice directly in the call pipeline. Configure voice.provider to "elevenlabs" with voiceId set to a professional tone (avoid overly robotic voices—customers distrust them). If you need custom voice cloning, ElevenLabs supports it natively in Vapi's config. Can I use Vapi alone, or do I need Twilio for HVAC support automation? Vapi handles inbound/outbound calls and AI logic. Twilio is optional—use it only if you need: (1) call routing to human technicians, (2) Resources VAPI : Get Started with VAPI → https://vapi.ai/?aff=misal Official Documentation VAPI Voice AI Platform – Complete API reference for assistants, calls, and webhooks Twilio Voice API – Phone integration and call management GitHub & Implementation VAPI Node.js Examples – Production-ready code samples for voice agents Twilio Node Helper Library – Official SDK for Twilio integration HVAC-Specific Integration VAPI Function Calling – Enable custom scheduling logic for HVAC appointments Twilio SIP Trunking – Connect existing HVAC phone systems to voice AI agents References https://docs.vapi.ai/quickstart/phone https://docs.vapi.ai/workflows/quickstart https://docs.vapi.ai/quickstart/web https://docs.vapi.ai/quickstart/introduction https://docs.vapi.ai/chat/quickstart https://docs.vapi.ai/assistants/quickstart Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse CallStack Tech Follow We skip the "What is AI?" intro fluff. If you're shipping voice agents that handle real users, this is for you. Joined Dec 2, 2025 More from CallStack Tech How to Transcribe and Detect Intent Using Deepgram for STT: A Developer's Journey # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Integrating HubSpot with Salesforce using Webhooks for Real-Time Data Synchronization # api # webdev # tutorial # programming How to Build Custom Pipelines for Voice AI Integration: A Developer's Journey # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/selavina_b_de3b87f13c96a6/trigger-logic-causing-recursive-updates-or-data-duplication-8aa#comments | Trigger Logic Causing Recursive Updates or Data Duplication - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Selavina B Posted on Jan 8 Trigger Logic Causing Recursive Updates or Data Duplication # architecture # backend # codequality # tutorial Problem Statement: Poorly designed Apex triggers run multiple times per transaction, causing recursive updates, duplicate records, or unintended field changes due to missing recursion guards, mixed responsibilities, or lack of a trigger framework. Salesforce Trigger Logic Causing Recursive Updates or Data Duplication Step-by-Step Fix (with Code) Why This Happens in Salesforce Salesforce triggers can run multiple times in a single transaction: before insert after insert before update after update Recursion and duplication occur when: A trigger updates the same object it fires on Multiple triggers handle the same logic No recursion guard is used Logic is scattered across trigger contexts Common Symptoms Duplicate child records created Fields updated repeatedly CPU time limit exceeded “Too many DML statements” errors Records updated even when values didn’t change Step 1 Identify the BAD trigger pattern WRONG: Updating records inside after update without guard trigger AccountTrigger on Account (after update) { for (Account acc : Trigger.new) { acc.Description = 'Updated'; } update Trigger.new; // Recursive trigger } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This re-fires the trigger endlessly. Step 2 Move logic to a Trigger Handler Framework Trigger (Single Responsibility) trigger AccountTrigger on Account ( before insert, before update, after insert, after update ) { AccountTriggerHandler.run( Trigger.operationType, Trigger.new, Trigger.oldMap ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode One trigger per object No logic inside trigger Step 3 Add a Recursion Guard (Critical) Static Boolean Guard public class TriggerControl { public static Boolean isRunning = false; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 4 Implement Guarded Logic in Handler public class AccountTriggerHandler { public static void run( System.TriggerOperation operation, List<Account> newList, Map<Id, Account> oldMap ) { if (TriggerControl.isRunning) return; TriggerControl.isRunning = true; if (operation == System.TriggerOperation.BEFORE_UPDATE) { beforeUpdate(newList, oldMap); } if (operation == System.TriggerOperation.AFTER_INSERT) { afterInsert(newList); } TriggerControl.isRunning = false; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Prevents recursive execution Centralized control Step 5 Only Update Records When Data Actually Changes BAD acc.Status__c = 'Active'; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Runs every time → recursion. GOOD if (acc.Status__c != 'Active') { acc.Status__c = 'Active'; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Prevents unnecessary updates Reduces trigger re-fires Step 6 Never Insert Child Records Without Duplication Checks BAD (duplicates) insert new Contact( LastName = 'Auto', AccountId = acc.Id ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode GOOD (check existing records) Map<Id, Integer> contactCountMap = new Map<Id, Integer>(); for (AggregateResult ar : [ SELECT AccountId accId, COUNT(Id) cnt FROM Contact WHERE AccountId IN :accountIds GROUP BY AccountId ]) { contactCountMap.put((Id) ar.get('accId'), (Integer) ar.get('cnt')); } List<Contact> contactsToInsert = new List<Contact>(); for (Account acc : newList) { if (!contactCountMap.containsKey(acc.Id)) { contactsToInsert.add( new Contact(LastName = 'Auto', AccountId = acc.Id) ); } } insert contactsToInsert; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode No duplicates Bulk-safe Step 7 Use before Triggers Instead of after When Possible BAD after update → update same record Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode GOOD before update → modify Trigger.new Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode if (acc.Score__c == null) { acc.Score__c = 0; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode No DML No recursion Step 8 Split Logic by Responsibility BAD Validation Field updates Record creation Callouts All in one trigger. GOOD Architecture AccountTriggerHandler AccountService AccountValidator AccountAsyncProcessor Easier testing No duplicate execution Step 9 Prevent Cross-Object Trigger Loops COMMON LOOP Account trigger updates Contact Contact trigger updates Account FIX Shared Static Guard public class GlobalTriggerState { public static Set<String> executed = new Set<String>(); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode if (GlobalTriggerState.executed.contains('Account')) return; GlobalTriggerState.executed.add('Account'); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Prevents infinite cross-object loops Step 10 Final Safe Trigger Template (Production-Ready) trigger AccountTrigger on Account (before update, after insert) { if (TriggerControl.isRunning) return; TriggerControl.isRunning = true; if (Trigger.isBefore && Trigger.isUpdate) { for (Account acc : Trigger.new) { if (acc.Status__c != 'Active') { acc.Status__c = 'Active'; } } } if (Trigger.isAfter && Trigger.isInsert) { AccountService.createDefaultContacts(Trigger.new); } TriggerControl.isRunning = false; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Conclusion In Salesforce Development , recursive triggers and data duplication are not platform bugs they are design issues. The fix is disciplined trigger architecture: one trigger per object, handler classes, recursion guards, before-trigger updates, and strict duplication checks. When triggers are treated as event routers instead of logic containers, recursion stops, data stays clean, and your org becomes stable and scalable. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Selavina B Follow Salesforce expert with 12 years of experience in Sales, Service & Marketing Cloud. I build scalable Salesforce solutions and share practical dev tips, tutorials, and real-world use cases. Joined Dec 9, 2025 More from Selavina B Performance Degradation Due to Inefficient Apex / ORM Usage (salesforce) # backend # codequality # database # performance Trigger Logic Causing Recursive Updates or Data Duplication (Salesforce) # database # backend # tutorial # architecture Integration Failures and API Callout Issues in Salesforce # security # api # architecture # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/inushathathsara/a-guide-to-web3-infrastructure-concepts-73k#comments | A Guide to Web3 Infrastructure & Concepts - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Posted on Jan 1 • Originally published at architecting-web3.hashnode.dev A Guide to Web3 Infrastructure & Concepts # web3 # architecture # blockchain # cloud Architecting Web3 (3 Part Series) 1 Architecting Web3: Integrating Blockchain Events with Google Cloud (GKE) 2 A Guide to Web3 Infrastructure & Concepts 3 Bitcoin 101: From Barter to Blockchain As we transition from the centralized platforms of Web2 to the decentralized protocols of Web3, the developer stack is evolving. However, building decentralized applications (DApps) doesn't mean abandoning all traditional infrastructure. Instead, it involves a powerful fusion of cloud services, specialized SDKs, and blockchain nodes. In this article, we’ll explore the evolution of the web, how Google Cloud Platform (GCP) powers Web3, and the essential tools like MetaMask SDK, Infura, and Redis that make modern DApps possible. The Evolution of the Web To understand where we are going, we must understand where we came from. Web1 (The Static Web: 1990s – Early 2000s) Read-only: This era consisted of static HTML pages where users only consumed information. Control: Content was strictly owned by the site creators. Web2 (The Interactive Web: 2005+ ) Read + Write: The rise of social media and mobile apps allowed users to create content. Centralization: While interactive, the business model relied on centralized platforms (like Facebook or Google) owning user data and monetizing via ads. Web3 (The Decentralized Web: Emerging) Read + Write + Own: Built on blockchain technology, Web3 allows users to own their data, identities, and digital assets via wallets. Control: The network is distributed, meaning no single company owns everything. Google Cloud Platform (GCP) in Web3 Even in a decentralized world, robust cloud infrastructure is vital. GCP provides scalable solutions for Web3 projects. 1. Blockchain Node Hosting Running validator or full nodes is resource-intensive. GCP allows projects to spin up nodes quickly with high uptime, as seen in their partnership with Solana for fast node deployment. 2. Data & Indexing Blockchains are massive data stores, but querying them is hard. GCP tools like BigQuery host Ethereum and Bitcoin datasets, allowing developers to analyze transactions using standard SQL. 3. Security & AI Fusion Security: GCP offers enterprise-level encryption and compliance, which is critical for apps dealing with financial assets. AI: Google is combining AI services (like Vertex AI) with Web3 for use cases such as fraud detection and personalized metaverse experiences. Other Notable GCP Products for Web3: Cloud Run, API Gateway/Apigee, Cloud Armor, and Identity Platform. Connecting the User: MetaMask SDK The MetaMask SDK is a crucial tool for frontend integration, ensuring users can interact with the blockchain seamlessly. Key Features Cross-Platform Support: It works in browsers, mobile apps, desktop apps, and even game engines like Unity and Unreal. Web3 Login: It simplifies authentication by allowing users to log in with their wallet ("Sign-in with Ethereum") rather than a username and password. Transaction Handling: The SDK provides functions to request, sign, and broadcast transactions without the developer needing to manage low-level network handling. Why It Matters Without the SDK, developers would have to manually integrate Ethereum JSON-RPC and wallet APIs, which is error-prone. The SDK makes integration "plug-and-play". Accessing the Chain: Infura If MetaMask handles the user, Infura handles the infrastructure. It is a service by ConsenSys that provides API access to blockchains like Ethereum, Polygon, and Arbitrum. Instead of running your own node, you use Infura’s API to read data, send transactions, or listen to events. Listening to Events Smart contracts emit "events" when actions occur (e.g., a Transfer event when tokens move). Infura allows apps to subscribe to these events via WebSocket & JSON-RPC. Real-time updates: Apps can be notified of new trades or transfers instantly. Filtering: Developers can query specific block ranges or contract addresses to get exact data. Core Concepts: Data & Messaging When building the backend for these applications, you will encounter specific architectural concepts. On-chain vs. Off-chain On-chain: Actions happen directly on the blockchain; they are secure, transparent, and immutable, but can be slow and expensive. Off-chain: Actions happen outside the blockchain (for speed or cost) and may be synced later. Redis Redis is an open-source, in-memory data store often used in Web3 architectures. Speed: It stores data in RAM, making it incredibly fast. Use Cases: It is used for caching database queries, storing user sessions, or managing leaderboards. Pub/Sub: Redis supports the Publish/Subscribe messaging pattern, which is essential for handling real-time event notifications. Summary Building in Web3 requires a mix of new paradigms (Blockchains, Wallets, Smart Contracts) and proven technologies (GCP, Redis). By leveraging tools like Infura for node access and MetaMask SDK for user experience, developers can focus on creating value rather than managing infrastructure. Architecting Web3 (3 Part Series) 1 Architecting Web3: Integrating Blockchain Events with Google Cloud (GKE) 2 A Guide to Web3 Infrastructure & Concepts 3 Bitcoin 101: From Barter to Blockchain Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Follow IT Undergrad @ University of Moratuwa. Building with Python, Flutter and so much more. I write about technical stuff and clean code. Documenting my journey one commit at a time. Location Colombo, Sri Lanka Education University of Moratuwa Joined Jan 1, 2026 More from Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Building AI Agents: Concepts & Architecture # ai # automation # architecture Bitcoin 101: From Barter to Blockchain # blockchain # bitcoin Architecting Web3: Integrating Blockchain Events with Google Cloud (GKE) # architecture # blockchain # web3 # bitcoin 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/james_scott_bf1d5c8cfcaa0 | James Scott - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions James Scott 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Feb 24, 2025 More info about @james_scott_bf1d5c8cfcaa0 Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 10 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Odoo Automated Actions: Scheduled Actions Not Running James Scott James Scott James Scott Follow Mar 8 '25 Odoo Automated Actions: Scheduled Actions Not Running # odooautomation # odoobackend # taskscheduling # scheduledtasks Comments Add Comment 1 min read Odoo Payment Gateway Integration: Transactions Not Processing James Scott James Scott James Scott Follow Mar 8 '25 Odoo Payment Gateway Integration: Transactions Not Processing # odoopayment # stripe # odooecommerce # transactiondebugging Comments Add Comment 1 min read Performance Issues in Odoo: Slow Loading on Large Datasets James Scott James Scott James Scott Follow Mar 8 '25 Performance Issues in Odoo: Slow Loading on Large Datasets # odooperformance # optimization # postgressql # odoospeed Comments Add Comment 1 min read Odoo Database Migration: Module Not Installing After Upgrade James Scott James Scott James Scott Follow Mar 8 '25 Odoo Database Migration: Module Not Installing After Upgrade # odoomigration # odooupgrade # moduleerrors # database Comments Add Comment 1 min read Issue with Odoo Multi-Company Setup: Access Rights Not Working James Scott James Scott James Scott Follow Mar 8 '25 Issue with Odoo Multi-Company Setup: Access Rights Not Working # odoo # multicompany # accessrights # odoo14 Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Implement a Blockchain-Based Provably Fair Casino Game? James Scott James Scott James Scott Follow Feb 24 '25 How to Implement a Blockchain-Based Provably Fair Casino Game? # blockchaingaming # provablyfair # cryptocasino 1 reaction Comments 5 comments 1 min read How to Detect and Prevent Cheating in Online Poker? James Scott James Scott James Scott Follow Feb 24 '25 How to Detect and Prevent Cheating in Online Poker? # pokergame # anticheat # casinosecurity Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Calculate House Edge in a Casino Game? James Scott James Scott James Scott Follow Feb 24 '25 How to Calculate House Edge in a Casino Game? # houseedge # roulettegame # casinomathematics Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Simulate a Slot Machine in Python? James Scott James Scott James Scott Follow Feb 24 '25 How to Simulate a Slot Machine in Python? # slotmachine # casinogame # pythoncoding Comments 1 comment 1 min read How to Implement a Fair Random Number Generator (RNG) for a Casino Game? James Scott James Scott James Scott Follow Feb 24 '25 How to Implement a Fair Random Number Generator (RNG) for a Casino Game? # casinogame # randomnumbergenerator # pythonrng Comments 8 comments 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Music Forem Close # streaming Follow Hide instant track overload Create Post Older #streaming posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu How do I discover new music that actually fits my taste? 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Kouma | A COLORS SHOW Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 6 '25 COLORS: Aya Nakamura - Kouma | A COLORS SHOW # streaming # livestreaming # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read Independent musicians are leaving Spotify in droves Mikey Dorje Mikey Dorje Mikey Dorje Follow Nov 24 '25 Independent musicians are leaving Spotify in droves # news # spotify # streaming # discuss 9 reactions Comments 6 comments 2 min read KEXP: Orcutt Shelley Miller - An L.A Funeral (Live on KEXP) Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Nov 1 '25 KEXP: Orcutt Shelley Miller - An L.A Funeral (Live on KEXP) # indie # livestreaming # production # streaming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Cercle: Kaz James - On Fire (Live Version) | Cercle Odyssey Music YouTube Music YouTube Music YouTube Follow Oct 28 '25 Cercle: Kaz James - On Fire (Live Version) | Cercle Odyssey # streaming # livestreaming # production # digital Comments Add Comment 1 min read How streaming platforms engineered their own piracy problem: a data story Ronnie Pye Ronnie Pye Ronnie Pye Follow Nov 24 '25 How streaming platforms engineered their own piracy problem: a data story # streaming # musicbusiness # piracy # spotify 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 26 min read KEXP: King Stingray - 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Twit Winter (Live on KEXP) NPR Music: Goo Goo Dolls: Tiny Desk Concert COLORS: Teedra Moses - Be Your Girl | A COLORS SHOW NPR Music: Ghost-Note: Tiny Desk Concert COLORS: MARO - SO MUCH HAS CHANGED | A COLORS SHOW KEXP: Frankie Rose - Moon In My Mind (Live on KEXP) COLORS: Gabriel Jacoby - be careful | A COLORS SHOW KEXP: Jembaa Groove - Dabia / Namo (Live on KEXP) COLORS: SSIO - Ich Bin Raus | A COLORS SHOW COLORS: Silvana Estrada - Un Rayo De Luz | A COLORS SHOW KEXP: Orcutt Shelley Miller - An L.A Funeral (Live on KEXP) COLORS: Aya Nakamura - Kouma | A COLORS SHOW NPR Music: Kris Davis Trio: Tiny Desk Concert COLORS: Rogér Fakhr - Fine Anyway | A COLORS SHOW How do I discover new music that actually fits my taste? 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https://dev.to/thekarlesi/secure-authentication-in-nextjs-building-a-production-ready-login-system-4m7#the-problem-the-homegrown-auth-trap | Secure Authentication in Next.js: Building a Production-Ready Login System - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Esimit Karlgusta Posted on Jan 4 Secure Authentication in Next.js: Building a Production-Ready Login System # nextjs # programming # webdev # beginners Secure Authentication in Next.js: Building a Production-Ready Login System Every great SaaS product begins at the same point: the login page. It is the gatekeeper of your user data and the first interaction your customers have with your professional application. Yet, for many developers, setting up authentication feels like a high-stakes puzzle where a single mistake can lead to security vulnerabilities or a frustrated user base. If you have ever struggled with session management, wondered how to securely store user credentials, or felt overwhelmed by the complexity of OAuth providers, you are in the right place. In this lesson, we are going to strip away the confusion and build a robust, secure authentication system using Auth.js (NextAuth v5) within the Next.js App Router framework. The Problem: The "Homegrown" Auth Trap Many developers start by trying to build their own authentication logic. They create a users table in MongoDB, hash passwords with bcrypt, and try to manage JWTs (JSON Web Tokens) manually in cookies. While this is a great academic exercise, it is often a recipe for disaster in a production SaaS environment. Manual auth systems frequently suffer from: Security Gaps: Improperly configured cookies or CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) vulnerabilities. Maintenance Burden: Keeping up with changing security standards and API updates from providers like Google or GitHub. UX Friction: Hard-to-implement features like "Forgot Password," "Magic Links," or social logins. The Shift: Moving to Auth.js The professional way to handle this in 2026 is by using a library that does the heavy lifting for you. Auth.js is the standard for anyone wanting to Learn Next.js for SaaS . It handles session management, multi-provider support, and database integration out of the box, allowing you to focus on your core product features instead of reinventing the security wheel. By shifting to an established library, you gain the confidence that your sessions are handled via encrypted, server-only cookies. You also get an easy path to adding "Login with Google," which significantly increases conversion rates for modern SaaS products. Deep Dive: Setting Up Your Auth Workflow To build a complete SaaS, we need a flexible system. We will implement two main strategies: Email/Password (Credentials) for traditional users and Google OAuth for a frictionless experience. 1. The Architecture of Auth.js in the App Router In the Next.js App Router, authentication happens primarily on the server. We use a combination of: The Auth Configuration File: Where we define our providers and callbacks. Middleware: To protect routes before they even hit the browser. Server Actions: To handle login and signup logic securely. 2. Initial Setup and Environment Variables First, we need to install the necessary packages. In your terminal, run: npm install next-auth@beta mongodb @auth/mongodb-adapter bcryptjs Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Before writing code, we must define our environment variables. These are secrets that should never be committed to GitHub. Create a .env.local\ file: AUTH_SECRET=your_super_secret_random_string NEXT_PUBLIC_APP_URL=http://localhost:3000 AUTH_GOOGLE_ID=your_google_client_id AUTH_GOOGLE_SECRET=your_google_client_secret MONGODB_URI=your_mongodb_connection_string Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Configuring the Auth Library We will create a central configuration file. This is the heart of your security system. It tells Next.js how to talk to your database and how to verify users. File: auth.ts (Root directory) import NextAuth from " next-auth " ; import Google from " next-auth/providers/google " ; import Credentials from " next-auth/providers/credentials " ; import { MongoDBAdapter } from " @auth/mongodb-adapter " ; import clientPromise from " @/lib/mongodb " ; import bcrypt from " bcryptjs " ; export const { handlers , auth , signIn , signOut } = NextAuth ({ adapter : MongoDBAdapter ( clientPromise ), providers : [ Google , Credentials ({ name : " credentials " , credentials : { email : { label : " Email " , type : " email " }, password : { label : " Password " , type : " password " }, }, async authorize ( credentials ) { if ( ! credentials ?. email || ! credentials ?. password ) return null ; const dbClient = await clientPromise ; const user = await dbClient . db (). collection ( " users " ). findOne ({ email : credentials . email }); if ( ! user || ! user . password ) return null ; const isValid = await bcrypt . compare ( credentials . password as string , user . password ); return isValid ? { id : user . _id . toString (), email : user . email } : null ; }, }), ], session : { strategy : " jwt " }, pages : { signIn : " /login " , }, callbacks : { async session ({ session , token }) { if ( token . sub && session . user ) { session . user . id = token . sub ; } return session ; }, }, }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Creating the Login UI with Tailwind and DaisyUI A SaaS needs a professional-looking login page. Using Tailwind CSS and DaisyUI, we can build a clean, responsive form that works on any device. File: app/(auth)/login/page.tsx import { signIn } from " @/auth " ; export default function LoginPage () { return ( < div className = "flex items-center justify-center min-h-screen bg-base-200" > < div className = "card w-full max-w-md shadow-2xl bg-base-100" > < div className = "card-body" > < h2 className = "text-3xl font-bold text-center mb-6" > Welcome Back </ h2 > < form action = { async () => { " use server " ; await signIn ( " google " , { redirectTo : " /dashboard " }); } } > < button className = "btn btn-outline w-full flex items-center gap-2" > Continue with Google </ button > </ form > < div className = "divider text-xs uppercase text-base-content/50" > or </ div > < form className = "space-y-4" > < div className = "form-control" > < label className = "label" > < span className = "label-text" > Email </ span > </ label > < input type = "email" placeholder = "email@example.com" className = "input input-bordered" required /> </ div > < div className = "form-control" > < label className = "label" > < span className = "label-text" > Password </ span > </ label > < input type = "password" placeholder = "••••••••" className = "input input-bordered" required /> </ div > < button className = "btn btn-primary w-full" > Sign In </ button > </ form > < p className = "text-center mt-4 text-sm" > Don't have an account? < a href = "/signup" className = "link link-primary" > Sign up </ a > </ p > </ div > </ div > </ div > ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 5. Protecting Routes with Middleware In a SaaS application, you don't want unauthorized users accessing the dashboard or settings pages. Instead of checking for a session on every single page, we use Next.js Middleware to handle this globally. File: middleware.ts (Root directory) import { auth } from " @/auth " ; export default auth (( req ) => { const isLoggedIn = !! req . auth ; const { nextUrl } = req ; const isAuthPage = nextUrl . pathname . startsWith ( " /login " ) || nextUrl . pathname . startsWith ( " /signup " ); const isDashboardPage = nextUrl . pathname . startsWith ( " /dashboard " ); if ( isDashboardPage && ! isLoggedIn ) { return Response . redirect ( new URL ( " /login " , nextUrl )); } if ( isAuthPage && isLoggedIn ) { return Response . redirect ( new URL ( " /dashboard " , nextUrl )); } }); export const config = { matcher : [ " /((?!api|_next/static|_next/image|favicon.ico).*) " ], }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Key Benefits and Learning Outcomes By following this workflow, you achieve several critical milestones in your development journey: Centralized Security: You have a single source of truth for your authentication logic. Database Synchronization: Your user accounts are automatically saved to MongoDB whenever someone logs in via Google. Improved Conversions: Providing OAuth options reduces the friction of creating an account, which is vital for any Build SaaS with Next.js project. Type Safety: Using TypeScript ensures that your session data is predictable throughout your components. Common Mistakes to Avoid Exposing the Secret: Never leave your AUTH_SECRET empty or use a simple string in production. Use a tool like openssl rand -base64 32 to generate a strong key. Client-Side Protection Only: Never rely solely on hiding UI elements to secure your app. Always verify the session on the server or through middleware. Forgetting Secure Cookies: In production, ensure your AUTH_URL uses HTTPS, otherwise Auth.js will not set secure cookies, and your login will fail. Pro Tips and Best Practices Use Server Components for Auth Checks: Whenever possible, check the session in a Server Component using the auth() function. It is faster and more secure than checking on the client. Custom Session Data: If you need to store extra info (like a user's subscription status), extend the session callback in auth.ts to include those fields from your MongoDB database. Graceful Error Handling: Redirect users to a custom error page if Google login fails, rather than letting the app crash or show a generic error. How This Fits Into the Zero to SaaS Journey Authentication is the foundation of the user experience. Once you have established who the user is, you can: Store their specific data in MongoDB. Link their account to a Stripe Customer ID for billing. Provide a personalized Build SaaS Dashboard Next.js Tailwind . Without a secure auth system, your SaaS cannot function because you cannot identify who to charge or whose data to display. Real-World Use Case: The Productivity Tool Imagine you are building a SaaS called TaskFlow. A user arrives at your landing page and clicks Get Started. They click Continue with Google. Auth.js redirects them to Google's secure portal. After they approve, Google sends a token back to your auth.ts handler. Auth.js checks your MongoDB. Since this is a new user, it automatically creates a new record in your users collection. The user is redirected to /dashboard, where your server component greets them: "Welcome!" Action Plan: What to Build Next To master this lesson, I want you to complete these four tasks: Initialize the Project: Set up a fresh Next.js project and install the dependencies. Configure Google Cloud: Go to the Google Cloud Console, create a project, and get your OAuth credentials. Build the Login Page: Use the Tailwind/DaisyUI code provided to create your own branded login screen. Test the Middleware: Create a protected /dashboard page and try to access it while logged out to ensure you are redirected. Take Your SaaS to the Next Level Building a secure login system is just the beginning. If you want to skip the trial and error and follow a proven path to a launched product, check out our comprehensive Zero to SaaS Next.js Course . We dive deep into advanced patterns, multi-tenant security, and production-ready deployments. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Esimit Karlgusta Follow Full Stack Developer Location Earth, for now :) Education BSc. IT Work Full Stack Developer Joined Mar 31, 2020 More from Esimit Karlgusta How to Handle Stripe and Paystack Webhooks in Next.js (The App Router Way) # api # nextjs # security # tutorial Stop Coding Login Screens: A Senior Developer’s Guide to Building SaaS That Actually Ships # webdev # programming # beginners # tutorial Zero to SaaS vs ShipFast, Which One Actually Helps You Build a Real SaaS? # nextjs # beginners # webdev # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:12 |
https://dev.to/selavina_b_de3b87f13c96a6 | Selavina B - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions Selavina B Salesforce expert with 12 years of experience in Sales, Service & Marketing Cloud. I build scalable Salesforce solutions and share practical dev tips, tutorials, and real-world use cases. Joined Joined on Dec 9, 2025 More info about @selavina_b_de3b87f13c96a6 Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 8 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Trigger Logic Causing Recursive Updates or Data Duplication Selavina B Selavina B Selavina B Follow Jan 8 Trigger Logic Causing Recursive Updates or Data Duplication # architecture # backend # codequality # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read Performance Degradation Due to Inefficient Apex / ORM Usage (salesforce) Selavina B Selavina B Selavina B Follow Jan 7 Performance Degradation Due to Inefficient Apex / ORM Usage (salesforce) # backend # codequality # database # performance Comments Add Comment 3 min read Salesforce Apex Code Failing Due to Lack of Bulkification Selavina B Selavina B Selavina B Follow Dec 30 '25 Salesforce Apex Code Failing Due to Lack of Bulkification # salesforce # apexcode # failure # bulkification 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Salesforce integration failures with external systems Selavina B Selavina B Selavina B Follow Dec 29 '25 Salesforce integration failures with external systems # salesforce # integration # failures # externalsystem 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Trigger Logic Causing Recursive Updates or Data Duplication (Salesforce) Selavina B Selavina B Selavina B Follow Dec 23 '25 Trigger Logic Causing Recursive Updates or Data Duplication (Salesforce) # database # backend # tutorial # architecture 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Integration Failures and API Callout Issues in Salesforce Selavina B Selavina B Selavina B Follow Dec 16 '25 Integration Failures and API Callout Issues in Salesforce # security # api # architecture # tutorial 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 4 min read Salesforce LWC/Aura UI Bugs and Performance Bottlenecks Selavina B Selavina B Selavina B Follow Dec 13 '25 Salesforce LWC/Aura UI Bugs and Performance Bottlenecks # frontend # performance # backend # architecture Comments Add Comment 5 min read Salesforce Sandbox vs Production Configuration Drift Selavina B Selavina B Selavina B Follow Dec 10 '25 Salesforce Sandbox vs Production Configuration Drift # cicd # devops # testing Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:12 |
https://dev.to/farhad_hossain_500d9cf52a/mouse-events-in-javascript-why-your-ui-flickers-and-how-to-fix-it-properly-hbf#use-raw-mouseover-endraw-raw-mouseout-endraw-when | Mouse Events in JavaScript: Why Your UI Flickers (and How to Fix It Properly) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Farhad Hossain Posted on Jan 13 Mouse Events in JavaScript: Why Your UI Flickers (and How to Fix It Properly) # frontend # javascript # ui Hover interactions feel simple—until they quietly break your UI. Recently, while building a data table, I ran into a strange issue. Each row had an “Actions” column that appears when you hover over the row. It worked fine most of the time, but sometimes—especially when moving the mouse slowly or crossing row borders—the UI flickered. In some cases, two rows even showed actions at once. At first glance, it looked like a CSS or rendering bug. It wasn’t. It was a mouse event model problem . That experience led me to a deeper realization: Not all mouse events represent user intent. Some represent DOM mechanics—and confusing the two leads to fragile UI. Let’s unpack that. The Two Families of Mouse Hover Events JavaScript gives us two sets of hover events: Event Bubbles Fires when mouseover Yes Mouse enters an element or any of its children mouseout Yes Mouse leaves an element or any of its children mouseenter No Mouse enters the element itself mouseleave No Mouse leaves the element itself This difference seems subtle, but it’s one of the most important distinctions in UI engineering. Why mouseover Is Dangerous for UI State Consider this table row: <tr> <td>Name</td> <td class="actions"> <button>Edit</button> <button>Delete</button> </td> </tr> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode From a user’s perspective, they are still “hovering the row” when they move between the buttons. But from the browser’s perspective, something very different is happening: <tr> → <td> → <button> Each move fires new mouseover and mouseout events as the cursor travels through child elements. That means: Moving from one button to another fires mouseout on the first Which bubbles up And can look like the mouse “left the row” Your UI hears: “The row is no longer hovered.” The user never left. This mismatch between DOM movement and human intent is the root cause of flicker. How My Table Broke In my case: Each table row showed action buttons on hover Borders existed between rows When the mouse crossed that 1px border, it briefly exited one row before entering the next This triggered: mouseout → hide actions mouseover → show actions again Sometimes the timing was fast enough that: Two rows appeared active Or the UI flickered Nothing was “wrong” with the layout. The event model was simply lying about what the user was doing. Why mouseenter Solves This mouseenter and mouseleave behave very differently. They do not bubble. They only fire when the pointer actually enters or leaves the element itself—not its children. So this movement: <tr> → <td> → <button> Triggers: mouseenter(tr) Once. No false exits. No flicker. No state confusion. This makes them ideal for: Table rows Dropdown menus Tooltips Hover cards Any UI that should remain active while the cursor is inside In other words: mouseenter represents user intent mouseover represents DOM traversal When You Should Use Each Use mouseenter / mouseleave when: You are toggling UI state based on hover Child elements should not interrupt the hover Stability matters Examples: Row actions Navigation menus Profile cards Tooltips Use mouseover / mouseout when: You actually care about which child was entered. Examples: Image maps Per-icon tooltips Custom hover effects on individual elements Here, bubbling is useful. React Makes This More Subtle In React, onMouseOver and onMouseOut are wrapped in a synthetic event system. That adds another layer of propagation and re-rendering, which can amplify flicker and race conditions. This is why tables, dropdowns, and hover-driven UIs are often harder to get right than they look. A Practical Rule of Thumb If you are using mouseover to control UI visibility, you are probably building something fragile. Most hover-based UI should be built with: mouseenter mouseleave Because users don’t hover DOM nodes. They hover things . Final Thoughts That small flicker in my table wasn’t a bug—it was a reminder of how deep the browser’s event model really is. The best UI engineers don’t just write logic that works. They write logic that matches how humans actually interact with the screen. And sometimes, the difference between a glitchy UI and a rock-solid one is just a single event name. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Farhad Hossain Follow Joined Dec 10, 2025 More from Farhad Hossain How JavaScript Engines Optimize Objects, Arrays, and Maps (A V8 Performance Guide) # javascript # performance # webdev # softwareengineering 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/selavina_b_de3b87f13c96a6/trigger-logic-causing-recursive-updates-or-data-duplication-8aa | Trigger Logic Causing Recursive Updates or Data Duplication - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Selavina B Posted on Jan 8 Trigger Logic Causing Recursive Updates or Data Duplication # architecture # backend # codequality # tutorial Problem Statement: Poorly designed Apex triggers run multiple times per transaction, causing recursive updates, duplicate records, or unintended field changes due to missing recursion guards, mixed responsibilities, or lack of a trigger framework. Salesforce Trigger Logic Causing Recursive Updates or Data Duplication Step-by-Step Fix (with Code) Why This Happens in Salesforce Salesforce triggers can run multiple times in a single transaction: before insert after insert before update after update Recursion and duplication occur when: A trigger updates the same object it fires on Multiple triggers handle the same logic No recursion guard is used Logic is scattered across trigger contexts Common Symptoms Duplicate child records created Fields updated repeatedly CPU time limit exceeded “Too many DML statements” errors Records updated even when values didn’t change Step 1 Identify the BAD trigger pattern WRONG: Updating records inside after update without guard trigger AccountTrigger on Account (after update) { for (Account acc : Trigger.new) { acc.Description = 'Updated'; } update Trigger.new; // Recursive trigger } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This re-fires the trigger endlessly. Step 2 Move logic to a Trigger Handler Framework Trigger (Single Responsibility) trigger AccountTrigger on Account ( before insert, before update, after insert, after update ) { AccountTriggerHandler.run( Trigger.operationType, Trigger.new, Trigger.oldMap ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode One trigger per object No logic inside trigger Step 3 Add a Recursion Guard (Critical) Static Boolean Guard public class TriggerControl { public static Boolean isRunning = false; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 4 Implement Guarded Logic in Handler public class AccountTriggerHandler { public static void run( System.TriggerOperation operation, List<Account> newList, Map<Id, Account> oldMap ) { if (TriggerControl.isRunning) return; TriggerControl.isRunning = true; if (operation == System.TriggerOperation.BEFORE_UPDATE) { beforeUpdate(newList, oldMap); } if (operation == System.TriggerOperation.AFTER_INSERT) { afterInsert(newList); } TriggerControl.isRunning = false; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Prevents recursive execution Centralized control Step 5 Only Update Records When Data Actually Changes BAD acc.Status__c = 'Active'; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Runs every time → recursion. GOOD if (acc.Status__c != 'Active') { acc.Status__c = 'Active'; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Prevents unnecessary updates Reduces trigger re-fires Step 6 Never Insert Child Records Without Duplication Checks BAD (duplicates) insert new Contact( LastName = 'Auto', AccountId = acc.Id ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode GOOD (check existing records) Map<Id, Integer> contactCountMap = new Map<Id, Integer>(); for (AggregateResult ar : [ SELECT AccountId accId, COUNT(Id) cnt FROM Contact WHERE AccountId IN :accountIds GROUP BY AccountId ]) { contactCountMap.put((Id) ar.get('accId'), (Integer) ar.get('cnt')); } List<Contact> contactsToInsert = new List<Contact>(); for (Account acc : newList) { if (!contactCountMap.containsKey(acc.Id)) { contactsToInsert.add( new Contact(LastName = 'Auto', AccountId = acc.Id) ); } } insert contactsToInsert; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode No duplicates Bulk-safe Step 7 Use before Triggers Instead of after When Possible BAD after update → update same record Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode GOOD before update → modify Trigger.new Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode if (acc.Score__c == null) { acc.Score__c = 0; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode No DML No recursion Step 8 Split Logic by Responsibility BAD Validation Field updates Record creation Callouts All in one trigger. GOOD Architecture AccountTriggerHandler AccountService AccountValidator AccountAsyncProcessor Easier testing No duplicate execution Step 9 Prevent Cross-Object Trigger Loops COMMON LOOP Account trigger updates Contact Contact trigger updates Account FIX Shared Static Guard public class GlobalTriggerState { public static Set<String> executed = new Set<String>(); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode if (GlobalTriggerState.executed.contains('Account')) return; GlobalTriggerState.executed.add('Account'); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Prevents infinite cross-object loops Step 10 Final Safe Trigger Template (Production-Ready) trigger AccountTrigger on Account (before update, after insert) { if (TriggerControl.isRunning) return; TriggerControl.isRunning = true; if (Trigger.isBefore && Trigger.isUpdate) { for (Account acc : Trigger.new) { if (acc.Status__c != 'Active') { acc.Status__c = 'Active'; } } } if (Trigger.isAfter && Trigger.isInsert) { AccountService.createDefaultContacts(Trigger.new); } TriggerControl.isRunning = false; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Conclusion In Salesforce Development , recursive triggers and data duplication are not platform bugs they are design issues. The fix is disciplined trigger architecture: one trigger per object, handler classes, recursion guards, before-trigger updates, and strict duplication checks. When triggers are treated as event routers instead of logic containers, recursion stops, data stays clean, and your org becomes stable and scalable. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Selavina B Follow Salesforce expert with 12 years of experience in Sales, Service & Marketing Cloud. I build scalable Salesforce solutions and share practical dev tips, tutorials, and real-world use cases. Joined Dec 9, 2025 More from Selavina B Performance Degradation Due to Inefficient Apex / ORM Usage (salesforce) # backend # codequality # database # performance Trigger Logic Causing Recursive Updates or Data Duplication (Salesforce) # database # backend # tutorial # architecture Integration Failures and API Callout Issues in Salesforce # security # api # architecture # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/best_techcompany_200e9f2/stop-building-zombie-websites-a-devs-guide-to-architecture-vs-templates-43i4 | STOP Building "Zombie" Websites: A Dev’s Guide to Architecture vs. Templates - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Best Tech Company Posted on Jan 8 STOP Building "Zombie" Websites: A Dev’s Guide to Architecture vs. Templates # architecture # performance # webdev Hey everyone! 👋 I’m part of the engineering team at Besttech, and I want to talk about a trend we’re seeing that is killing projects: The "Good Enough" Trap. We recently audited a client's web platform. They were a mid-sized business wondering why their conversion rates were tanking despite having a "modern" looking site. The Diagnosis? Their "simple" website was loading 4MB of JavaScript just to render a contact form. 😱 It’s easy to grab a template, slap on 15 plugins, and call it a day. But at Besttech, we believe there is a massive difference between putting a site online and engineering a digital asset. Here is how we approach Web Development differently, and why it matters for your next project. The "Bloat" Audit 📉 The first thing we do is look at the DOM Size. Most generic builders wrap simple content in 15 layers of soup. The Standard Way: 3,000 DOM elements for a landing page. The Besttech Way: We aim for <800. Semantic HTML, CSS Grid/Flexbox, and zero unnecessary wrappers. Result: The browser spends less time parsing style calculations and more time engaging the user. Database Hygiene 🧹 We often see sites making 100+ queries to the database just to load the homepage. The Fix: We implement aggressive caching layers (Redis) and optimize eager loading. The Code Mindset: If data doesn't change on every request, it shouldn't be queried on every request. Core Web Vitals are Business Metrics 📊 We don't look at "Lighthouse Scores" just for vanity. We correlate them to revenue. LCP (Largest Contentful Paint): Needs to be under 2.5s. CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift): Needs to be near 0. When we rebuilt that client's "Zombie" site using a custom architecture (tailored strictly to their needs, no bloat), their bounce rate dropped by 35% overnight. The Takeaway Web development isn't just about syntax; it's about respecting the user's resources (battery, data, and time). At Besttech, we are moving away from "drag-and-drop" quick fixes and focusing on building Digital Ecosystems—platforms that are scalable, maintainable, and lightning-fast. 💬 Discussion: What is the worst case of "plugin bloat" or "template debt" you've ever had to fix? Let’s share some horror stories in the comments. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Best Tech Company Follow Joined Dec 27, 2025 More from Best Tech Company Why Your 99% Accurate Model is Useless in Production (And How to Fix It) # datascience # machinelearning # performance Stop Hardcoding Dashboards: Why Your Stack Needs a Proper BI Layer # architecture # data # productivity 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://reactjs.org/blog/2019/02/06/react-v16.8.0.html#react-1 | React v16.8: The One With Hooks – React Blog We want to hear from you! Take our 2021 Community Survey! This site is no longer updated. Go to react.dev React Docs Tutorial Blog Community v 18.2.0 Languages GitHub React v16.8: The One With Hooks February 06, 2019 by Dan Abramov This blog site has been archived. Go to react.dev/blog to see the recent posts. With React 16.8, React Hooks are available in a stable release! What Are Hooks? Hooks let you use state and other React features without writing a class. You can also build your own Hooks to share reusable stateful logic between components. If you’ve never heard of Hooks before, you might find these resources interesting: Introducing Hooks explains why we’re adding Hooks to React. Hooks at a Glance is a fast-paced overview of the built-in Hooks. Building Your Own Hooks demonstrates code reuse with custom Hooks. Making Sense of React Hooks explores the new possibilities unlocked by Hooks. useHooks.com showcases community-maintained Hooks recipes and demos. You don’t have to learn Hooks right now. Hooks have no breaking changes, and we have no plans to remove classes from React. The Hooks FAQ describes the gradual adoption strategy. No Big Rewrites We don’t recommend rewriting your existing applications to use Hooks overnight. Instead, try using Hooks in some of the new components, and let us know what you think. Code using Hooks will work side by side with existing code using classes. Can I Use Hooks Today? Yes! Starting with 16.8.0, React includes a stable implementation of React Hooks for: React DOM React DOM Server React Test Renderer React Shallow Renderer Note that to enable Hooks, all React packages need to be 16.8.0 or higher . Hooks won’t work if you forget to update, for example, React DOM. React Native will support Hooks in the 0.59 release . Tooling Support React Hooks are now supported by React DevTools. They are also supported in the latest Flow and TypeScript definitions for React. We strongly recommend enabling a new lint rule called eslint-plugin-react-hooks to enforce best practices with Hooks. It will soon be included into Create React App by default. What’s Next We described our plan for the next months in the recently published React Roadmap . Note that React Hooks don’t cover all use cases for classes yet but they’re very close . Currently, only getSnapshotBeforeUpdate() and componentDidCatch() methods don’t have equivalent Hooks APIs, and these lifecycles are relatively uncommon. If you want, you should be able to use Hooks in most of the new code you’re writing. Even while Hooks were in alpha, the React community created many interesting examples and recipes using Hooks for animations, forms, subscriptions, integrating with other libraries, and so on. We’re excited about Hooks because they make code reuse easier, helping you write your components in a simpler way and make great user experiences. We can’t wait to see what you’ll create next! Testing Hooks We have added a new API called ReactTestUtils.act() in this release. It ensures that the behavior in your tests matches what happens in the browser more closely. We recommend to wrap any code rendering and triggering updates to your components into act() calls. Testing libraries can also wrap their APIs with it (for example, react-testing-library ’s render and fireEvent utilities do this). For example, the counter example from this page can be tested like this: import React from 'react' ; import ReactDOM from 'react-dom' ; import { act } from 'react-dom/test-utils' ; import Counter from './Counter' ; let container ; beforeEach ( ( ) => { container = document . createElement ( 'div' ) ; document . body . appendChild ( container ) ; } ) ; afterEach ( ( ) => { document . body . removeChild ( container ) ; container = null ; } ) ; it ( 'can render and update a counter' , ( ) => { // Test first render and effect act ( ( ) => { ReactDOM . render ( < Counter /> , container ) ; } ) ; const button = container . querySelector ( 'button' ) ; const label = container . querySelector ( 'p' ) ; expect ( label . textContent ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 0 times' ) ; expect ( document . title ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 0 times' ) ; // Test second render and effect act ( ( ) => { button . dispatchEvent ( new MouseEvent ( 'click' , { bubbles : true } ) ) ; } ) ; expect ( label . textContent ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 1 times' ) ; expect ( document . title ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 1 times' ) ; } ) ; The calls to act() will also flush the effects inside of them. If you need to test a custom Hook, you can do so by creating a component in your test, and using your Hook from it. Then you can test the component you wrote. To reduce the boilerplate, we recommend using react-testing-library which is designed to encourage writing tests that use your components as the end users do. Thanks We’d like to thank everybody who commented on the Hooks RFC for sharing their feedback. We’ve read all of your comments and made some adjustments to the final API based on them. Installation React React v16.8.0 is available on the npm registry. To install React 16 with Yarn, run: yarn add react@^16.8.0 react-dom@^16.8.0 To install React 16 with npm, run: npm install --save react@^16.8.0 react-dom@^16.8.0 We also provide UMD builds of React via a CDN: < script crossorigin src = " https://unpkg.com/react@16/umd/react.production.min.js " > </ script > < script crossorigin src = " https://unpkg.com/react-dom@16/umd/react-dom.production.min.js " > </ script > Refer to the documentation for detailed installation instructions . ESLint Plugin for React Hooks Note As mentioned above, we strongly recommend using the eslint-plugin-react-hooks lint rule. If you’re using Create React App, instead of manually configuring ESLint you can wait for the next version of react-scripts which will come out shortly and will include this rule. Assuming you already have ESLint installed, run: # npm npm install eslint-plugin-react-hooks --save-dev # yarn yarn add eslint-plugin-react-hooks --dev Then add it to your ESLint configuration: { "plugins" : [ // ... "react-hooks" ] , "rules" : { // ... "react-hooks/rules-of-hooks" : "error" } } Changelog React Add Hooks — a way to use state and other React features without writing a class. ( @acdlite et al. in #13968 ) Improve the useReducer Hook lazy initialization API. ( @acdlite in #14723 ) React DOM Bail out of rendering on identical values for useState and useReducer Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14569 ) Don’t compare the first argument passed to useEffect / useMemo / useCallback Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14594 ) Use Object.is algorithm for comparing useState and useReducer values. ( @Jessidhia in #14752 ) Support synchronous thenables passed to React.lazy() . ( @gaearon in #14626 ) Render components with Hooks twice in Strict Mode (DEV-only) to match class behavior. ( @gaearon in #14654 ) Warn about mismatching Hook order in development. ( @threepointone in #14585 and @acdlite in #14591 ) Effect clean-up functions must return either undefined or a function. All other values, including null , are not allowed. @acdlite in #14119 React Test Renderer Support Hooks in the shallow renderer. ( @trueadm in #14567 ) Fix wrong state in shouldComponentUpdate in the presence of getDerivedStateFromProps for Shallow Renderer. ( @chenesan in #14613 ) Add ReactTestRenderer.act() and ReactTestUtils.act() for batching updates so that tests more closely match real behavior. ( @threepointone in #14744 ) ESLint Plugin: React Hooks Initial release . ( @calebmer in #13968 ) Fix reporting after encountering a loop. ( @calebmer and @Yurickh in #14661 ) Don’t consider throwing to be a rule violation. ( @sophiebits in #14040 ) Hooks Changelog Since Alpha Versions The above changelog contains all notable changes since our last stable release (16.7.0). As with all our minor releases , none of the changes break backwards compatibility. If you’re currently using Hooks from an alpha build of React, note that this release does contain some small breaking changes to Hooks. We don’t recommend depending on alphas in production code. We publish them so we can make changes in response to community feedback before the API is stable. Here are all breaking changes to Hooks that have been made since the first alpha release: Remove useMutationEffect . ( @sophiebits in #14336 ) Rename useImperativeMethods to useImperativeHandle . ( @threepointone in #14565 ) Bail out of rendering on identical values for useState and useReducer Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14569 ) Don’t compare the first argument passed to useEffect / useMemo / useCallback Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14594 ) Use Object.is algorithm for comparing useState and useReducer values. ( @Jessidhia in #14752 ) Render components with Hooks twice in Strict Mode (DEV-only). ( @gaearon in #14654 ) Improve the useReducer Hook lazy initialization API. ( @acdlite in #14723 ) Is this page useful? Edit this page Recent Posts React Labs: What We've Been Working On – June 2022 React v18.0 How to Upgrade to React 18 React Conf 2021 Recap The Plan for React 18 Introducing Zero-Bundle-Size React Server Components React v17.0 Introducing the New JSX Transform React v17.0 Release Candidate: No New Features React v16.13.0 All posts ... Docs Installation Main Concepts Advanced Guides API Reference Hooks Testing Contributing FAQ Channels GitHub Stack Overflow Discussion Forums Reactiflux Chat DEV Community Facebook Twitter Community Code of Conduct Community Resources More Tutorial Blog Acknowledgements React Native Privacy Terms Copyright © 2025 Meta Platforms, Inc. | 2026-01-13T08:49:12 |
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https://ja.legacy.reactjs.org/blog/2019/02/06/react-v16.8.0.html | React v16.8: The One With Hooks – React Blog We want to hear from you! Take our 2021 Community Survey! このサイトの更新は終了しました。 ja.react.dev へ React Docs Tutorial Blog Community v 18.2.0 Languages GitHub React v16.8: The One With Hooks February 06, 2019 by Dan Abramov このブログはアーカイブされています。最新の記事は ja.react.dev/blog でご覧ください。 With React 16.8, React Hooks are available in a stable release! What Are Hooks? Hooks let you use state and other React features without writing a class. You can also build your own Hooks to share reusable stateful logic between components. If you’ve never heard of Hooks before, you might find these resources interesting: Introducing Hooks explains why we’re adding Hooks to React. Hooks at a Glance is a fast-paced overview of the built-in Hooks. Building Your Own Hooks demonstrates code reuse with custom Hooks. Making Sense of React Hooks explores the new possibilities unlocked by Hooks. useHooks.com showcases community-maintained Hooks recipes and demos. You don’t have to learn Hooks right now. Hooks have no breaking changes, and we have no plans to remove classes from React. The Hooks FAQ describes the gradual adoption strategy. No Big Rewrites We don’t recommend rewriting your existing applications to use Hooks overnight. Instead, try using Hooks in some of the new components, and let us know what you think. Code using Hooks will work side by side with existing code using classes. Can I Use Hooks Today? Yes! Starting with 16.8.0, React includes a stable implementation of React Hooks for: React DOM React DOM Server React Test Renderer React Shallow Renderer Note that to enable Hooks, all React packages need to be 16.8.0 or higher . Hooks won’t work if you forget to update, for example, React DOM. React Native will support Hooks in the 0.59 release . Tooling Support React Hooks are now supported by React DevTools. They are also supported in the latest Flow and TypeScript definitions for React. We strongly recommend enabling a new lint rule called eslint-plugin-react-hooks to enforce best practices with Hooks. It will soon be included into Create React App by default. What’s Next We described our plan for the next months in the recently published React Roadmap . Note that React Hooks don’t cover all use cases for classes yet but they’re very close . Currently, only getSnapshotBeforeUpdate() and componentDidCatch() methods don’t have equivalent Hooks APIs, and these lifecycles are relatively uncommon. If you want, you should be able to use Hooks in most of the new code you’re writing. Even while Hooks were in alpha, the React community created many interesting examples and recipes using Hooks for animations, forms, subscriptions, integrating with other libraries, and so on. We’re excited about Hooks because they make code reuse easier, helping you write your components in a simpler way and make great user experiences. We can’t wait to see what you’ll create next! Testing Hooks We have added a new API called ReactTestUtils.act() in this release. It ensures that the behavior in your tests matches what happens in the browser more closely. We recommend to wrap any code rendering and triggering updates to your components into act() calls. Testing libraries can also wrap their APIs with it (for example, react-testing-library ’s render and fireEvent utilities do this). For example, the counter example from this page can be tested like this: import React from 'react' ; import ReactDOM from 'react-dom' ; import { act } from 'react-dom/test-utils' ; import Counter from './Counter' ; let container ; beforeEach ( ( ) => { container = document . createElement ( 'div' ) ; document . body . appendChild ( container ) ; } ) ; afterEach ( ( ) => { document . body . removeChild ( container ) ; container = null ; } ) ; it ( 'can render and update a counter' , ( ) => { // Test first render and effect act ( ( ) => { ReactDOM . render ( < Counter /> , container ) ; } ) ; const button = container . querySelector ( 'button' ) ; const label = container . querySelector ( 'p' ) ; expect ( label . textContent ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 0 times' ) ; expect ( document . title ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 0 times' ) ; // Test second render and effect act ( ( ) => { button . dispatchEvent ( new MouseEvent ( 'click' , { bubbles : true } ) ) ; } ) ; expect ( label . textContent ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 1 times' ) ; expect ( document . title ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 1 times' ) ; } ) ; The calls to act() will also flush the effects inside of them. If you need to test a custom Hook, you can do so by creating a component in your test, and using your Hook from it. Then you can test the component you wrote. To reduce the boilerplate, we recommend using react-testing-library which is designed to encourage writing tests that use your components as the end users do. Thanks We’d like to thank everybody who commented on the Hooks RFC for sharing their feedback. We’ve read all of your comments and made some adjustments to the final API based on them. Installation React React v16.8.0 is available on the npm registry. To install React 16 with Yarn, run: yarn add react@^16.8.0 react-dom@^16.8.0 To install React 16 with npm, run: npm install --save react@^16.8.0 react-dom@^16.8.0 We also provide UMD builds of React via a CDN: < script crossorigin src = " https://unpkg.com/react@16/umd/react.production.min.js " > </ script > < script crossorigin src = " https://unpkg.com/react-dom@16/umd/react-dom.production.min.js " > </ script > Refer to the documentation for detailed installation instructions . ESLint Plugin for React Hooks Note As mentioned above, we strongly recommend using the eslint-plugin-react-hooks lint rule. If you’re using Create React App, instead of manually configuring ESLint you can wait for the next version of react-scripts which will come out shortly and will include this rule. Assuming you already have ESLint installed, run: # npm npm install eslint-plugin-react-hooks --save-dev # yarn yarn add eslint-plugin-react-hooks --dev Then add it to your ESLint configuration: { "plugins" : [ // ... "react-hooks" ] , "rules" : { // ... "react-hooks/rules-of-hooks" : "error" } } Changelog React Add Hooks — a way to use state and other React features without writing a class. ( @acdlite et al. in #13968 ) Improve the useReducer Hook lazy initialization API. ( @acdlite in #14723 ) React DOM Bail out of rendering on identical values for useState and useReducer Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14569 ) Don’t compare the first argument passed to useEffect / useMemo / useCallback Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14594 ) Use Object.is algorithm for comparing useState and useReducer values. ( @Jessidhia in #14752 ) Support synchronous thenables passed to React.lazy() . ( @gaearon in #14626 ) Render components with Hooks twice in Strict Mode (DEV-only) to match class behavior. ( @gaearon in #14654 ) Warn about mismatching Hook order in development. ( @threepointone in #14585 and @acdlite in #14591 ) Effect clean-up functions must return either undefined or a function. All other values, including null , are not allowed. @acdlite in #14119 React Test Renderer Support Hooks in the shallow renderer. ( @trueadm in #14567 ) Fix wrong state in shouldComponentUpdate in the presence of getDerivedStateFromProps for Shallow Renderer. ( @chenesan in #14613 ) Add ReactTestRenderer.act() and ReactTestUtils.act() for batching updates so that tests more closely match real behavior. ( @threepointone in #14744 ) ESLint Plugin: React Hooks Initial release . ( @calebmer in #13968 ) Fix reporting after encountering a loop. ( @calebmer and @Yurickh in #14661 ) Don’t consider throwing to be a rule violation. ( @sophiebits in #14040 ) Hooks Changelog Since Alpha Versions The above changelog contains all notable changes since our last stable release (16.7.0). As with all our minor releases , none of the changes break backwards compatibility. If you’re currently using Hooks from an alpha build of React, note that this release does contain some small breaking changes to Hooks. We don’t recommend depending on alphas in production code. We publish them so we can make changes in response to community feedback before the API is stable. Here are all breaking changes to Hooks that have been made since the first alpha release: Remove useMutationEffect . ( @sophiebits in #14336 ) Rename useImperativeMethods to useImperativeHandle . ( @threepointone in #14565 ) Bail out of rendering on identical values for useState and useReducer Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14569 ) Don’t compare the first argument passed to useEffect / useMemo / useCallback Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14594 ) Use Object.is algorithm for comparing useState and useReducer values. ( @Jessidhia in #14752 ) Render components with Hooks twice in Strict Mode (DEV-only). 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https://dev.to/suzuki0430/cka-certified-kubernetes-administrator-exam-report-2026-dont-rely-on-old-guides-mastering-the-534m#udemy | CKA (Certified Kubernetes Administrator) Exam Report 2026: Don’t Rely on Old Guides (Mastering the Post-2025 Revision) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Report Abuse Atsushi Suzuki Posted on Jan 13 CKA (Certified Kubernetes Administrator) Exam Report 2026: Don’t Rely on Old Guides (Mastering the Post-2025 Revision) # kubernetes # certification # devops # learning Despite being active as an AWS Community Builder (Containers) and a Docker Captain, for some reason, I had never really touched Kubernetes before. So, starting in November 2025, I began studying for 1-2 hours on weekdays outside of work. I am the type of person who finds it easier to solidify foundational knowledge when I have a specific goal like a certification, so I decided to aim for the Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) first. Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Why I am writing this article If you search for "CKA Pass" you will find many experience reports. However, there are still not many articles written after the exam scope revision in February 2025. Having actually taken the exam, I felt that the "sense of difficulty" and "essential techniques" mentioned in older reports are no longer entirely applicable. I wrote this article as a reference for those who are planning to take the exam in the future. Exam Results I passed with a score of 72% (passing score is 66%). It was my first time taking a hands-on practical exam, and compared to multiple-choice exams, I felt constantly rushed—I couldn't stop sweating. I didn't finish everything within the time limit and didn't have time to go back to the troubleshooting questions I had flagged. Exam Date: 2026/01/11 13:30~ Location: Private room in a co-working space Kubernetes Version: v1.34 Device: MacBook Air (2022, M2, 13.6-inch) Impressions of the New Exam Scope (Post-Feb 2025) and Difficulty To be honest, I felt it was significantly more difficult than the image I had from older experience reports. My personal impression was that it felt about as challenging as the "Killer Shell" simulator (mentioned later). Below is the revised exam scope, and I felt that questions related to the newly added content made up about half of the exam. CKA Program Changes - Feb 2025 While I cannot provide specific details about the questions, you will likely struggle if your understanding of the following newly added topics is weak: Helm Kustomize Gateway API (Gateway, HttpRoute, etc.) Network Policy CRDs (Custom Resource Definitions) Extension interfaces (CNI, CSI, CRI, etc.) Learning Resources Used I used Udemy, KodeKloud, and Killer Shell. Many reports from before the revision said that Udemy and Killer Shell were enough, but my personal feeling is that I was only able to put up a fight because I went as far as doing the additional labs on KodeKloud. Udemy This is the standard Udemy course recommended in almost every report. I bought it during one of their frequent sales. Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Practice Exam Tests The course consists of video lectures and practice tests (hosted on a separate service called KodeKloud). Since my Kubernetes knowledge was literally zero, I studied each component through the videos before attempting the practice tests. I went through the lectures once and repeated the practice questions I didn't understand multiple times (up to 4 times). For my weak areas (Helm, Kustomize, Gateway API, CRD), I re-watched the lectures several times. Once I could solve over 80% of the practice questions, I tackled the three Mock Exams in the final section until I could solve them perfectly (up to 4 rounds for some). For explanations I didn't quite understand, I asked AI for help. KodeKloud This is the KodeKloud platform included with the Udemy course: Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Since having only three Mock Exams felt a bit uncertain, I paid for the following course to solve five additional Mock Exams: Ultimate Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Mock Exam Series Killer Shell When you register for the exam, you get two sessions of the "Killer Shell" exam simulator. It uses the same Remote Desktop environment as the actual exam, so you should absolutely use it to get used to the interface. In my case, since I took the exam on a MacBook, the shortcut keys for commands change in the Remote Desktop, so I was able to practice copy-pasting in the simulator. Note that the simulator access is provided twice, and each session expires after 36 hours. If you want to review after it expires, it’s better to save the answer pages as PDF or HTML. Killer Shell Tips No need to add settings to .bashrc Common tips in older reports, such as "aliases for switching namespaces," are no longer necessary. This is because the current exam format involves using ssh to switch between different environments for each task. Memorize the Documentation URL The browser doesn't automatically open to the documentation page when the exam starts, so make sure you can quickly navigate to https://kubernetes.io/docs . Learn Copy-Paste Shortcuts for Remote Desktop Whether or not you can copy-paste quickly can make or break your pass/fail result. Practice the operations on Killer Shell. Copy (Terminal): Ctrl + Shift + C Paste (Terminal): Ctrl + Shift + V Prepare for Applied Questions Don't just memorize each component; imagine how they combine with others. Simply "memorizing Helm commands" might not be enough for some of the harder questions. Helm + CRD Migration from Ingress → Gateway + HttpRoute, etc. Exam Environment The conditions for the exam environment are strict: "a private space without noise," "no objects on the desk," etc. Unfortunately, I didn't have such an environment at home, so I rented a private room in a co-working space. Interaction with the proctor is via chat, so there is no verbal conversation. However, it seems that even slight noise will be pointed out, so choosing a private room is the safe bet. Instructions from the proctor come in your native language (Japanese in my case), but they seem to be using machine translation, as some instructions were a bit confusing. I assumed the proctor was non-Japanese, so I replied in English (just basic things like "OK," "thanks," etc.). Following the proctor's instructions, I used the webcam to show the room (ceiling, floor, desk, walls), both ears, both wrists, and my powered-off smartphone. It took about 15 minutes to actually start the exam. Also, I didn't use the external monitor at the co-working space, but in retrospect, having a larger workspace would have made things easier, so I probably should have used it. During the exam, I didn't really feel the presence of the proctor, but when I was stuck on a problem and touched my chin, a chat message arrived saying, "Please refrain from gestures that cover your face." Final Thoughts Obtaining the CKA was quite a challenge, but I plan to take the CKAD while I still have this momentum. The second half of 2025 was quite rough at my company and I felt zero personal growth, so I want to make up for that in 2026. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Atsushi Suzuki Follow AWS Community Builder | 15x AWS Certified | Docker Captain Hooked on the TV drama Silicon Valley, I switched from sales to engineering. Developing SaaS and researching AI at a startup in Tokyo. Location Tokyo Joined Mar 11, 2021 More from Atsushi Suzuki I Automated My Air Conditioner with Kubernetes (kind + CronJob + SwitchBot) # kubernetes # containers # iot # docker Practical Terraform Tips for Secure and Reliable AWS Environments # aws # terraform # devops # beginners Fixing the “Invalid Parameter” Error When Registering an SNS Topic for SES Feedback Notifications # aws # security # devops # cloud 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:12 |
https://dev.to/suzuki0430/cka-certified-kubernetes-administrator-exam-report-2026-dont-rely-on-old-guides-mastering-the-534m#kodekloud | CKA (Certified Kubernetes Administrator) Exam Report 2026: Don’t Rely on Old Guides (Mastering the Post-2025 Revision) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Report Abuse Atsushi Suzuki Posted on Jan 13 CKA (Certified Kubernetes Administrator) Exam Report 2026: Don’t Rely on Old Guides (Mastering the Post-2025 Revision) # kubernetes # certification # devops # learning Despite being active as an AWS Community Builder (Containers) and a Docker Captain, for some reason, I had never really touched Kubernetes before. So, starting in November 2025, I began studying for 1-2 hours on weekdays outside of work. I am the type of person who finds it easier to solidify foundational knowledge when I have a specific goal like a certification, so I decided to aim for the Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) first. Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Why I am writing this article If you search for "CKA Pass" you will find many experience reports. However, there are still not many articles written after the exam scope revision in February 2025. Having actually taken the exam, I felt that the "sense of difficulty" and "essential techniques" mentioned in older reports are no longer entirely applicable. I wrote this article as a reference for those who are planning to take the exam in the future. Exam Results I passed with a score of 72% (passing score is 66%). It was my first time taking a hands-on practical exam, and compared to multiple-choice exams, I felt constantly rushed—I couldn't stop sweating. I didn't finish everything within the time limit and didn't have time to go back to the troubleshooting questions I had flagged. Exam Date: 2026/01/11 13:30~ Location: Private room in a co-working space Kubernetes Version: v1.34 Device: MacBook Air (2022, M2, 13.6-inch) Impressions of the New Exam Scope (Post-Feb 2025) and Difficulty To be honest, I felt it was significantly more difficult than the image I had from older experience reports. My personal impression was that it felt about as challenging as the "Killer Shell" simulator (mentioned later). Below is the revised exam scope, and I felt that questions related to the newly added content made up about half of the exam. CKA Program Changes - Feb 2025 While I cannot provide specific details about the questions, you will likely struggle if your understanding of the following newly added topics is weak: Helm Kustomize Gateway API (Gateway, HttpRoute, etc.) Network Policy CRDs (Custom Resource Definitions) Extension interfaces (CNI, CSI, CRI, etc.) Learning Resources Used I used Udemy, KodeKloud, and Killer Shell. Many reports from before the revision said that Udemy and Killer Shell were enough, but my personal feeling is that I was only able to put up a fight because I went as far as doing the additional labs on KodeKloud. Udemy This is the standard Udemy course recommended in almost every report. I bought it during one of their frequent sales. Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Practice Exam Tests The course consists of video lectures and practice tests (hosted on a separate service called KodeKloud). Since my Kubernetes knowledge was literally zero, I studied each component through the videos before attempting the practice tests. I went through the lectures once and repeated the practice questions I didn't understand multiple times (up to 4 times). For my weak areas (Helm, Kustomize, Gateway API, CRD), I re-watched the lectures several times. Once I could solve over 80% of the practice questions, I tackled the three Mock Exams in the final section until I could solve them perfectly (up to 4 rounds for some). For explanations I didn't quite understand, I asked AI for help. KodeKloud This is the KodeKloud platform included with the Udemy course: Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Since having only three Mock Exams felt a bit uncertain, I paid for the following course to solve five additional Mock Exams: Ultimate Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Mock Exam Series Killer Shell When you register for the exam, you get two sessions of the "Killer Shell" exam simulator. It uses the same Remote Desktop environment as the actual exam, so you should absolutely use it to get used to the interface. In my case, since I took the exam on a MacBook, the shortcut keys for commands change in the Remote Desktop, so I was able to practice copy-pasting in the simulator. Note that the simulator access is provided twice, and each session expires after 36 hours. If you want to review after it expires, it’s better to save the answer pages as PDF or HTML. Killer Shell Tips No need to add settings to .bashrc Common tips in older reports, such as "aliases for switching namespaces," are no longer necessary. This is because the current exam format involves using ssh to switch between different environments for each task. Memorize the Documentation URL The browser doesn't automatically open to the documentation page when the exam starts, so make sure you can quickly navigate to https://kubernetes.io/docs . Learn Copy-Paste Shortcuts for Remote Desktop Whether or not you can copy-paste quickly can make or break your pass/fail result. Practice the operations on Killer Shell. Copy (Terminal): Ctrl + Shift + C Paste (Terminal): Ctrl + Shift + V Prepare for Applied Questions Don't just memorize each component; imagine how they combine with others. Simply "memorizing Helm commands" might not be enough for some of the harder questions. Helm + CRD Migration from Ingress → Gateway + HttpRoute, etc. Exam Environment The conditions for the exam environment are strict: "a private space without noise," "no objects on the desk," etc. Unfortunately, I didn't have such an environment at home, so I rented a private room in a co-working space. Interaction with the proctor is via chat, so there is no verbal conversation. However, it seems that even slight noise will be pointed out, so choosing a private room is the safe bet. Instructions from the proctor come in your native language (Japanese in my case), but they seem to be using machine translation, as some instructions were a bit confusing. I assumed the proctor was non-Japanese, so I replied in English (just basic things like "OK," "thanks," etc.). Following the proctor's instructions, I used the webcam to show the room (ceiling, floor, desk, walls), both ears, both wrists, and my powered-off smartphone. It took about 15 minutes to actually start the exam. Also, I didn't use the external monitor at the co-working space, but in retrospect, having a larger workspace would have made things easier, so I probably should have used it. During the exam, I didn't really feel the presence of the proctor, but when I was stuck on a problem and touched my chin, a chat message arrived saying, "Please refrain from gestures that cover your face." Final Thoughts Obtaining the CKA was quite a challenge, but I plan to take the CKAD while I still have this momentum. The second half of 2025 was quite rough at my company and I felt zero personal growth, so I want to make up for that in 2026. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Atsushi Suzuki Follow AWS Community Builder | 15x AWS Certified | Docker Captain Hooked on the TV drama Silicon Valley, I switched from sales to engineering. Developing SaaS and researching AI at a startup in Tokyo. Location Tokyo Joined Mar 11, 2021 More from Atsushi Suzuki I Automated My Air Conditioner with Kubernetes (kind + CronJob + SwitchBot) # kubernetes # containers # iot # docker Practical Terraform Tips for Secure and Reliable AWS Environments # aws # terraform # devops # beginners Fixing the “Invalid Parameter” Error When Registering an SNS Topic for SES Feedback Notifications # aws # security # devops # cloud 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:12 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Testing Follow Hide Find those bugs before your users do! 🐛 Create Post Older #testing posts 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . 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https://dev.to/jeevanizm/odoo-owl-framework-extend-and-customize-component-and-widget-47jj#comments | Odoo OWL Framework - extend and customize Component and Widget - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Posted on Jun 6, 2024 Odoo OWL Framework - extend and customize Component and Widget # odoo # webdev Problem : When a user selects a product in the product field of the order line in a new sale order form, the system should check if this product, associated with the same customer, already exists in any sale orders that are in the confirmed stage. If such a product is found, a popup warning with some action buttons should be displayed. While one might consider using the onchange method in the Odoo backend to achieve this, the onchange API in Odoo does not support triggering popup wizards. Therefore, we need to use the OWL (Odoo Web Library) framework to perform this check and trigger the popup. To implement this solution, we will extend the existing component, use RPC (Remote Procedure Call), and ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) API to access the database in the backend and pass the necessary values to the frontend. Solution: if you check in the product Field in sale order line you can see there is a widget - sol_product_many2one , so we need to extend this widget and add our custom logic Identify the Existing Product Field: Locate the existing product field in Odoo: odoo/addons/sale/static/src/js/sale_product_field.js. Create a New JS File: In your custom module, create a new JS file under custom_module/src/components. Import the existing field as follows: Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode `/** @odoo-module */ import { registry } from "@web/core/registry"; import { many2OneField } from '@web/views/fields/many2one/many2one_field'; import { Component } from "@odoo/owl"; import { jsonrpc } from "@web/core/network/rpc_service"; import { _t } from "@web/core/l10n/translation"; import { useService } from "@web/core/utils/hooks"; import { Dialog } from "@web/core/dialog/dialog"; import { SaleOrderLineProductField } from '@sale/js/sale_product_field'` important : do not forget to add - /** @odoo-module */ - on top of the file unless it will throw error Create a Component: Create a new component and extend from the existing product field. Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode // Define a class DuplicateProductDialog that extends the Component class export class DuplicateProductDialog extends Component { // Define the components used in this class, in this case, Dialog static components = { Dialog }; // Define the properties (props) for the component static props = { close: Function, // Function to close the dialog title: String, // Title of the dialog orders: Array, // Array of orders to be displayed onAddProduct: Function, // Function to handle adding a product onRemoveProduct: Function // Function to handle removing a product }; // Define the template for this component static template = "custom_module.DuplicateProductDialog"; // Setup method to initialize the class setup() { // Set the title of the dialog from the props this.title = this.props.title; } /** * Public method to handle adding a product * @public * @param {number} orderId - The ID of the order to which the product will be added */ addProduct(orderId) { // Call the onAddProduct function passed in the props this.props.onAddProduct(); // Close the dialog this.props.close(); } /** * Public method to handle removing a product * @public */ removeProduct() { // Call the onRemoveProduct function passed in the props this.props.onRemoveProduct(); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode So we are going to replace the existing productField widget // Define a class SaleOrderproductField that extends the SaleOrderLineProductField class export class SaleOrderproductField extends SaleOrderLineProductField { // Setup method to initialize the class setup() { // Call the setup method of the parent class super.setup(); // Initialize the dialog service this.dialog = useService("dialog"); } // Asynchronous method to update the record with the provided value async updateRecord(value) { // Call the updateRecord method of the parent class super.updateRecord(value); // Check for duplicate products after updating the record const is_duplicate = await this._onCheckproductUpdate(value); } // Asynchronous method to check for duplicate products in the sale order async _onCheckproductUpdate(product) { const partnerId = this.context.partner_id; // Get the partner ID from the context const customerName = document.getElementsByName("partner_id")[0].querySelector(".o-autocomplete--input").value; // Get the customer name from the input field const productId = product[0]; // Get the product ID from the product array // Check if the customer name is not provided if (!customerName) { alert("Please Choose Customer"); // Alert the user to choose a customer return true; // Return true indicating a duplicate product scenario } // Fetch sale order lines that match the given criteria const saleOrderLines = await jsonrpc("/web/dataset/call_kw/sale.order.line/search_read", { model: 'sale.order.line', method: "search_read", args: [ [ ["order_partner_id", "=", partnerId], ["product_template_id", "=", productId], ["state", "=", "sale"] ] ], kwargs: { fields: ['id', 'product_uom_qty', 'order_id', 'move_ids', 'name', 'state'], order: "name" } }); const reservedOrders = []; // Array to hold reserved orders let stockMoves = []; // Array to hold stock moves // Check if any sale order lines are found if (saleOrderLines.length > 0) { // Iterate through each sale order line for (const line of saleOrderLines) { // Fetch stock moves associated with the sale order line const stockMoves = await jsonrpc("/web/dataset/call_kw/stock.move/search_read", { model: 'stock.move', method: "search_read", args: [[ ['sale_line_id', '=', line.id], ]], kwargs: { fields: ['name', 'state'] } }); // Check if any stock moves are found if (stockMoves.length > 0) { // Add the order details to the reserved orders array reservedOrders.push({ order_number: line['order_id'][1], // Order number order_id: line['order_id'][0], // Order ID product_info: line['name'], // Product information product_qty: line['product_uom_qty'] // Product quantity }); } } } // Check if there are any reserved orders if (reservedOrders.length > 0) { // Show a dialog with duplicate product warning this.dialog.add(DuplicateProductDialog, { title: _t("Warning For %s", product[1]), // Warning title with product name orders: reservedOrders, // List of reserved orders onAddProduct: async (product) => { return true; // Callback for adding product }, onRemoveProduct: async (product) => { const currentRow = document.getElementsByClassName('o_data_row o_selected_row o_row_draggable o_is_false')[0]; // Get the currently selected row if (currentRow) { currentRow.remove(); // Remove the current row } }, }); return true; // Return true indicating a duplicate product scenario } else { return false; // Return false indicating no duplicate products found } } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode once we have this, we need to export this SaleOrderproductField.template = "web.Many2OneField"; export const saleOrderproductField = { ...many2OneField, component: SaleOrderproductField, }; registry.category("fields").add("so_product_many2one", saleOrderproductField); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Integrate the New Widget: Attach this new widget to the inherited sale order form as shown below: <xpath expr="//field[@name='product_template_id']" position="attributes"> <attribute name="widget">so_product_many2one</attribute> </xpath> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Create a Popup Wizard View: Create a popup wizard view and define the required props (title and orders) inside the component to avoid errors in debug mode. Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <templates xml:space="preserve"> <t t-name="custom_module.DuplicateProductDialog"> <Dialog size="'md'" title="title" modalRef="modalRef"> <table class="table"> <thead> </thead> <tbody> <t t-foreach="this.props.orders" t-as="item" t-key="item.order_id"> <div class="d-flex align-items-start flex-column mb-3"> <tr> <td> <p> The product <t t-out="item.product_info" /> is already reserved for this customer under order number <span t-esc="item.order_number" /> with a quantity of <strong> <t t-out="item.product_qty" /> </strong> . Please confirm if you still want to add this line item to the order <button class="btn btn-primary me-1" t-on-click="() => this.addProduct(item.id)"> Add </button> <button class="btn btn-primary ms-1" t-on-click="() => this.removeProduct(item.id)"> Remove </button> </p> </td> </tr> </div> </t> </tbody> </table> </Dialog> </t> </templates> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode So we passed the props title, orders. Important to define these props inside Component export class DuplicateProductDialog extends Component { static components = { Dialog }; static props = { close: Function, title: String, orders: Array, onAddProduct: Function, onRemoveProduct: Function, }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode otherwise, thise will throw an error as below on debug mode = 1 situation OwlError: Invalid props for component ( https://www.odoo.com/forum/help-1/owlerror-invalid-props-for-component-taxgroupcomponent-currency-is-undefined-should-be-a-value-213238 ) So once we have everything, restart Odoo, upgrade module and try to create some Sale Orders with a particular customer with same product. The confirm one or two sale orders and try to create a new sale order for same customer and choose same product, then it should trigger a popup warning window. OWL framework is a very important part of Odoo framework, but lack of proper documentation is a hurdle for Odoo developers, hope this could be a simple help. wishes full code for JS /** @odoo-module */ import { registry } from "@web/core/registry"; import { many2OneField } from '@web/views/fields/many2one/many2one_field'; import { Component } from "@odoo/owl"; import { jsonrpc } from "@web/core/network/rpc_service"; import { _t } from "@web/core/l10n/translation"; import { useService } from "@web/core/utils/hooks"; import { Dialog } from "@web/core/dialog/dialog"; import { SaleOrderLineProductField } from '@sale/js/sale_product_field' export class DuplicateProductDialog extends Component { static components = { Dialog }; static props = { close: Function, title: String, orders: Array, onAddProduct: Function, onRemoveProduct: Function, }; static template = "custom_module.DuplicateProductDialog"; setup() { this.title = this.props.title; } /** * @public */ addProduct(orderId) { this.props.onAddProduct(); this.props.close(); } removeProduct() { this.props.onRemoveProduct(); } } export class SaleOrderproductField extends SaleOrderLineProductField { setup() { super.setup(); this.dialog = useService("dialog"); } async updateRecord (value){ super.updateRecord(value); const is_duplicate = await this._onCheckproductUpdate(value); } async _onCheckproductUpdate(product) { const partnerId = this.context.partner_id const customerName = document.getElementsByName("partner_id")[0].querySelector(".o-autocomplete--input").value; const productId = product[0]; if (!customerName ) { alert("Please Choose Customer") return true; } const saleOrderLines = await jsonrpc("/web/dataset/call_kw/sale.order.line/search_read", { model: 'sale.order.line', method: "search_read", args: [ [ ["order_partner_id", "=", partnerId], ["product_template_id", "=", productId], ["state","=","sale"] ] ], kwargs: { fields: ['id','product_uom_qty', 'order_id', 'move_ids', 'name', 'state'], order: "name" } }); const reservedOrders = []; let stockMoves = []; if(saleOrderLines.length > 0){ for (const line of saleOrderLines) { const stockMoves = await jsonrpc("/web/dataset/call_kw/stock.move/search_read", { model: 'stock.move', method: "search_read", args: [[ ['sale_line_id', '=', line.id], ]], kwargs: { fields: ['name', 'state'] } }); if (stockMoves.length > 0) { reservedOrders.push({ order_number: line['order_id'][1], order_id: line['order_id'][0], product_info:line['name'], product_qty: line['product_uom_qty'] }); } } } if (reservedOrders.length > 0) { this.dialog.add(DuplicateProductDialog, { title: _t("Warning For %s", product[1]), orders: reservedOrders, onAddProduct: async (product) => { return true; }, onRemoveProduct: async (product) => { const currentRow = document.getElementsByClassName('o_data_row o_selected_row o_row_draggable o_is_false')[0] if(currentRow){ currentRow.remove(); } }, }); return true; } else { return false; } } } SaleOrderproductField.template = "web.Many2OneField"; export const saleOrderproductField = { ...many2OneField, component: SaleOrderproductField, }; registry.category("fields").add("so_product_many2one", saleOrderproductField); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow Software Engineer / Frontend Developer / Full Stack Developer - writes about JavaScript, Php, Python and more Location United Kingdom Pronouns He/Him Joined Oct 8, 2023 More from Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan How to find the current page template/view ID from the dev tools? # odoo How to Add Custom Translations in Odoo Using .po Files # odoo Odoo check if a module is installed or not # odoo 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Darian Vance Darian Vance Darian Vance Follow Jan 6 Solved: Any plugins to manage checkout in WooCommerce Checkout Blocks? # devops # programming # tutorial # cloud Comments Add Comment 8 min read How to Add Randomness to Z-Image Turbo Using Transformers: Complete Seed Control Guide Garyvov Garyvov Garyvov Follow Jan 8 How to Add Randomness to Z-Image Turbo Using Transformers: Complete Seed Control Guide # ai # deeplearning # python # tutorial Comments Add Comment 8 min read AI Automation vs AI Agents: What’s the Real Difference (Explained with Real-Life Examples) Viveka Sharma Viveka Sharma Viveka Sharma Follow Jan 8 AI Automation vs AI Agents: What’s the Real Difference (Explained with Real-Life Examples) # agents # tutorial # beginners # ai 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read Amazing Z-Image Workflow v3.0: Complete Guide to Enhanced ComfyUI Image Generation Garyvov Garyvov Garyvov Follow Jan 8 Amazing Z-Image Workflow v3.0: Complete Guide to Enhanced ComfyUI Image Generation # ai # machinelearning # tooling # tutorial Comments Add Comment 9 min read How to Add a Contact Form to Your Next.js Site in 5 Minutes H Master (MasterH) H Master (MasterH) H Master (MasterH) Follow Jan 8 How to Add a Contact Form to Your Next.js Site in 5 Minutes # nextjs # react # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read Passkey Login & Smart Wallet Creation on Solana with React Native and LazorKit — No More Seed Phrases! Onwuka David Onwuka David Onwuka David Follow Jan 7 Passkey Login & Smart Wallet Creation on Solana with React Native and LazorKit — No More Seed Phrases! # reactnative # security # tutorial # web3 Comments Add Comment 9 min read Solved: Recommendations on Hosting Platform, Realtor website Darian Vance Darian Vance Darian Vance Follow Jan 6 Solved: Recommendations on Hosting Platform, Realtor website # devops # programming # tutorial # cloud Comments Add Comment 10 min read Solved: Bitbucket bait-and-switched, now charging $15/month per self-hosted runner Darian Vance Darian Vance Darian Vance Follow Jan 6 Solved: Bitbucket bait-and-switched, now charging $15/month per self-hosted runner # devops # programming # tutorial # cloud Comments Add Comment 9 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/inushathathsara/a-guide-to-web3-infrastructure-concepts-73k | A Guide to Web3 Infrastructure & Concepts - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Posted on Jan 1 • Originally published at architecting-web3.hashnode.dev A Guide to Web3 Infrastructure & Concepts # web3 # architecture # blockchain # cloud Architecting Web3 (3 Part Series) 1 Architecting Web3: Integrating Blockchain Events with Google Cloud (GKE) 2 A Guide to Web3 Infrastructure & Concepts 3 Bitcoin 101: From Barter to Blockchain As we transition from the centralized platforms of Web2 to the decentralized protocols of Web3, the developer stack is evolving. However, building decentralized applications (DApps) doesn't mean abandoning all traditional infrastructure. Instead, it involves a powerful fusion of cloud services, specialized SDKs, and blockchain nodes. In this article, we’ll explore the evolution of the web, how Google Cloud Platform (GCP) powers Web3, and the essential tools like MetaMask SDK, Infura, and Redis that make modern DApps possible. The Evolution of the Web To understand where we are going, we must understand where we came from. Web1 (The Static Web: 1990s – Early 2000s) Read-only: This era consisted of static HTML pages where users only consumed information. Control: Content was strictly owned by the site creators. Web2 (The Interactive Web: 2005+ ) Read + Write: The rise of social media and mobile apps allowed users to create content. Centralization: While interactive, the business model relied on centralized platforms (like Facebook or Google) owning user data and monetizing via ads. Web3 (The Decentralized Web: Emerging) Read + Write + Own: Built on blockchain technology, Web3 allows users to own their data, identities, and digital assets via wallets. Control: The network is distributed, meaning no single company owns everything. Google Cloud Platform (GCP) in Web3 Even in a decentralized world, robust cloud infrastructure is vital. GCP provides scalable solutions for Web3 projects. 1. Blockchain Node Hosting Running validator or full nodes is resource-intensive. GCP allows projects to spin up nodes quickly with high uptime, as seen in their partnership with Solana for fast node deployment. 2. Data & Indexing Blockchains are massive data stores, but querying them is hard. GCP tools like BigQuery host Ethereum and Bitcoin datasets, allowing developers to analyze transactions using standard SQL. 3. Security & AI Fusion Security: GCP offers enterprise-level encryption and compliance, which is critical for apps dealing with financial assets. AI: Google is combining AI services (like Vertex AI) with Web3 for use cases such as fraud detection and personalized metaverse experiences. Other Notable GCP Products for Web3: Cloud Run, API Gateway/Apigee, Cloud Armor, and Identity Platform. Connecting the User: MetaMask SDK The MetaMask SDK is a crucial tool for frontend integration, ensuring users can interact with the blockchain seamlessly. Key Features Cross-Platform Support: It works in browsers, mobile apps, desktop apps, and even game engines like Unity and Unreal. Web3 Login: It simplifies authentication by allowing users to log in with their wallet ("Sign-in with Ethereum") rather than a username and password. Transaction Handling: The SDK provides functions to request, sign, and broadcast transactions without the developer needing to manage low-level network handling. Why It Matters Without the SDK, developers would have to manually integrate Ethereum JSON-RPC and wallet APIs, which is error-prone. The SDK makes integration "plug-and-play". Accessing the Chain: Infura If MetaMask handles the user, Infura handles the infrastructure. It is a service by ConsenSys that provides API access to blockchains like Ethereum, Polygon, and Arbitrum. Instead of running your own node, you use Infura’s API to read data, send transactions, or listen to events. Listening to Events Smart contracts emit "events" when actions occur (e.g., a Transfer event when tokens move). Infura allows apps to subscribe to these events via WebSocket & JSON-RPC. Real-time updates: Apps can be notified of new trades or transfers instantly. Filtering: Developers can query specific block ranges or contract addresses to get exact data. Core Concepts: Data & Messaging When building the backend for these applications, you will encounter specific architectural concepts. On-chain vs. Off-chain On-chain: Actions happen directly on the blockchain; they are secure, transparent, and immutable, but can be slow and expensive. Off-chain: Actions happen outside the blockchain (for speed or cost) and may be synced later. Redis Redis is an open-source, in-memory data store often used in Web3 architectures. Speed: It stores data in RAM, making it incredibly fast. Use Cases: It is used for caching database queries, storing user sessions, or managing leaderboards. Pub/Sub: Redis supports the Publish/Subscribe messaging pattern, which is essential for handling real-time event notifications. Summary Building in Web3 requires a mix of new paradigms (Blockchains, Wallets, Smart Contracts) and proven technologies (GCP, Redis). By leveraging tools like Infura for node access and MetaMask SDK for user experience, developers can focus on creating value rather than managing infrastructure. Architecting Web3 (3 Part Series) 1 Architecting Web3: Integrating Blockchain Events with Google Cloud (GKE) 2 A Guide to Web3 Infrastructure & Concepts 3 Bitcoin 101: From Barter to Blockchain Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Follow IT Undergrad @ University of Moratuwa. Building with Python, Flutter and so much more. I write about technical stuff and clean code. Documenting my journey one commit at a time. Location Colombo, Sri Lanka Education University of Moratuwa Joined Jan 1, 2026 More from Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Building AI Agents: Concepts & Architecture # ai # automation # architecture Bitcoin 101: From Barter to Blockchain # blockchain # bitcoin Architecting Web3: Integrating Blockchain Events with Google Cloud (GKE) # architecture # blockchain # web3 # bitcoin 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/govind_mishra_0c4dfca8d9b/building-a-no-lag-2d-multiplayer-game-clueland-with-nextjs-express-and-websockets-ob8 | Building a "No-Lag" 2D Multiplayer Game (Clueland) with Next.js, Express, and WebSockets - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Govind Mishra Posted on Dec 28, 2025 Building a "No-Lag" 2D Multiplayer Game (Clueland) with Next.js, Express, and WebSockets # nextjs # gamedev # performance # node Hey r/webdev / dev.to! I've been working on Clueland, a persistent 2D economic life simulator that aims to bring a truly real-time, shared world experience to the browser. We're launching soon, and I wanted to share some of the technical journey and challenges, especially around making a large-scale map feel "lag-free." The Core Problem: How do you render hundreds of player plots, mining rigs, and moving vehicles for thousands of players in real-time without crashing the browser or hitting server limits? Our Solution Stack: Frontend: Next.js + PixiJS (for GPU-accelerated canvas rendering) Real-time: Socket.io (for instant state synchronization) Backend: Express.js + PostgreSQL/Prisma (for persistent game state) Scaling: Docker Compose + Nginx (for microservices and load balancing) Key Challenges & Learnings: Spatial Partitioning: We broke the world into chunks and only stream visible chunks to the client. This significantly reduced bandwidth and client-side rendering load. State Synchronization: Implementing a robust diffing algorithm over WebSockets to only send state changes, not the entire world, preventing "lag spikes." Canvas Performance: Optimizing PixiJS with texture atlases (for ground, trees, vehicles, etc.) to ensure 60 FPS even with thousands of sprites. CORS & Docker in Prod: Navigating production Docker environments, Nginx proxying, and ensuring NEXT_PUBLIC_API_URL variables were correctly passed at build time (a recent headache!). We're now in final testing, focusing on stress-testing the multiplayer map. I'd love to hear your thoughts on the architecture, any potential bottlenecks you foresee, or how you've tackled similar problems. Link to Game: clueland.in Thanks for reading! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Govind Mishra Follow Joined Dec 28, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview If a problem can be solved without AI, does AI actually make it better? # ai # architecture # discuss I built an app in every frontend framework # performance # webdev # javascript # frontend 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://reactjs.org/blog/2018/11/27/react-16-roadmap.html | React 16.x Roadmap – React Blog We want to hear from you! Take our 2021 Community Survey! This site is no longer updated. Go to react.dev React Docs Tutorial Blog Community v 18.2.0 Languages GitHub React 16.x Roadmap November 27, 2018 by Dan Abramov This blog site has been archived. Go to react.dev/blog to see the recent posts. You might have heard about features like “Hooks”, “Suspense”, and “Concurrent Rendering” in the previous blog posts and talks. In this post, we’ll look at how they fit together and the expected timeline for their availability in a stable release of React. An Update from August, 2019 You can find an update to this roadmap in the React 16.9 release blog post . tl;dr We plan to split the rollout of new React features into the following milestones: React 16.6 with Suspense for Code Splitting ( already shipped ) A minor 16.x release with React Hooks (~Q1 2019) A minor 16.x release with Concurrent Mode (~Q2 2019) A minor 16.x release with Suspense for Data Fetching (~mid 2019) (The original version of this post used exact version numbers. We edited it to reflect that there might need to be a few other minor releases in the middle between these ones.) These are estimates, and the details may change as we’re further along. There’s at least two more projects we plan to complete in 2019. They require more exploration and aren’t tied to a particular release yet: Modernizing React DOM Suspense for Server Rendering We expect to get more clarity on their timeline in the coming months. Note This post is just a roadmap — there is nothing in it that requires your immediate attention. When each of these features are released, we’ll publish a full blog post announcing them. Release Timeline We have a single vision for how all of these features fit together, but we’re releasing each part as soon as it is ready so that you can test and start using them sooner. The API design doesn’t always make sense when looking at one piece in isolation; this post lays out the major parts of our plan to help you see the whole picture. (See our versioning policy to learn more about our commitment to stability.) The gradual release strategy helps us refine the APIs, but the transitional period when some things aren’t ready can be confusing. Let’s look at what these different features mean for your app, how they relate to each other, and when you can expect to start learning and using them. React 16.6 (shipped): The One with Suspense for Code Splitting Suspense refers to React’s new ability to “suspend” rendering while components are waiting for something, and display a loading indicator. In React 16.6, Suspense supports only one use case: lazy loading components with React.lazy() and <React.Suspense> . // This component is loaded dynamically const OtherComponent = React . lazy ( ( ) => import ( './OtherComponent' ) ) ; function MyComponent ( ) { return ( < React.Suspense fallback = { < Spinner /> } > < div > < OtherComponent /> </ div > </ React.Suspense > ) ; } Code splitting with React.lazy() with <React.Suspense> is documented in the Code Splitting guide . You can find another practical explanation in this article . We have been using Suspense for code splitting at Facebook since July, and expect it to be stable. There’s been a few regressions in the initial public release in 16.6.0, but they were fixed in 16.6.3. Code splitting is just the first step for Suspense. Our longer term vision for Suspense involves letting it handle data fetching too (and integrate with libraries like Apollo). In addition to a convenient programming model, Suspense also provides better user experience in Concurrent Mode. You’ll find information about these topics further below. Status in React DOM: Available since React 16.6.0. Status in React DOM Server: Suspense is not available in the server renderer yet. This isn’t for the lack of attention. We’ve started work on a new asynchronous server renderer that will support Suspense, but it’s a large project and will take a good chunk of 2019 to complete. Status in React Native: Bundle splitting isn’t very useful in React Native, but there’s nothing technically preventing React.lazy() and <Suspense> from working when given a Promise to a module. Recommendation: If you only do client rendering, we recommend widely adopting React.lazy() and <React.Suspense> for code splitting React components. If you do server rendering, you’ll have to wait with adoption until the new server renderer is ready. React 16.x (~Q1 2019): The One with Hooks Hooks let you use features like state and lifecycle from function components. They also let you reuse stateful logic between components without introducing extra nesting in your tree. function Example ( ) { // Declare a new state variable, which we'll call "count" const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ) ; return ( < div > < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > < button onClick = { ( ) => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > </ div > ) ; } Hooks introduction and overview are good places to start. Watch these talks for a video introduction and a deep dive. The FAQ should answer most of your further questions. To learn more about the motivation behind Hooks, you can read this article . Some of the rationale for the API design of Hooks is explained in this RFC thread reply . We have been dogfooding Hooks at Facebook since September. We don’t expect major bugs in the implementation. Hooks are only available in the 16.7 alpha versions of React. Some of their API is expected to change in the final version (see the end of this comment for details). It is possible that the minor release with Hooks might not be React 16.7. Hooks represent our vision for the future of React. They solve both problems that React users experience directly (“wrapper hell” of render props and higher-order components, duplication of logic in lifecycle methods), and the issues we’ve encountered optimizing React at scale (such as difficulties in inlining components with a compiler). Hooks don’t deprecate classes. However, if Hooks are successful, it is possible that in a future major release class support might move to a separate package, reducing the default bundle size of React. Status in React DOM: The first version of react and react-dom supporting Hooks is 16.7.0-alpha.0 . We expect to publish more alphas over the next months (at the time of writing, the latest one is 16.7.0-alpha.2 ). You can try them by installing react@next with react-dom@next . Don’t forget to update react-dom — otherwise Hooks won’t work. Status in React DOM Server: The same 16.7 alpha versions of react-dom fully support Hooks with react-dom/server . Status in React Native: There is no officially supported way to try Hooks in React Native yet. If you’re feeling adventurous, check out this thread for unofficial instructions. There is a known issue with useEffect firing too late which still needs to be solved. Recommendation: When you’re ready, we encourage you to start trying Hooks in new components you write. Make sure everyone on your team is on board with using them and familiar with this documentation. We don’t recommend rewriting your existing classes to Hooks unless you planned to rewrite them anyway (e.g. to fix bugs). Read more about the adoption strategy here . React 16.x (~Q2 2019): The One with Concurrent Mode Concurrent Mode lets React apps be more responsive by rendering component trees without blocking the main thread. It is opt-in and allows React to interrupt a long-running render (for example, rendering a news feed story) to handle a high-priority event (for example, text input or hover). Concurrent Mode also improves the user experience of Suspense by skipping unnecessary loading states on fast connections. Note You might have previously heard Concurrent Mode being referred to as “async mode” . We’ve changed the name to Concurrent Mode to highlight React’s ability to perform work on different priority levels. This sets it apart from other approaches to async rendering. // Two ways to opt in: // 1. Part of an app (not final API) < React.unstable_ConcurrentMode > < Something /> </ React.unstable_ConcurrentMode > // 2. Whole app (not final API) ReactDOM . unstable_createRoot ( domNode ) . render ( < App /> ) ; There is no documentation written for the Concurrent Mode yet. It is important to highlight that the conceptual model will likely be unfamiliar at first. Documenting its benefits, how to use it efficiently, and its pitfalls is a high priority for us, and will be a prerequisite for calling it stable. Until then, Andrew’s talk is the best introduction available. Concurrent Mode is much less polished than Hooks. Some APIs aren’t properly “wired up” yet and don’t do what they’re expected to. At the time of writing this post, we don’t recommend using it for anything except very early experimentation. We don’t expect many bugs in Concurrent Mode itself, but note that components that produce warnings in <React.StrictMode> may not work correctly. On a separate note, we’ve seen that Concurrent Mode surfaces performance problems in other code which can sometimes be mistaken for performance issues in Concurrent Mode itself. For example, a stray setInterval(fn, 1) call that runs every millisecond would have a worse effect in Concurrent Mode. We plan to publish more guidance about diagnosing and fixing issues like this as part of this release’s documentation. Concurrent Mode is a big part of our vision for React. For CPU-bound work, it allows non-blocking rendering and keeps your app responsive while rendering complex component trees. That’s demoed in the first part of our JSConf Iceland talk . Concurrent Mode also makes Suspense better. It lets you avoid flickering a loading indicator if the network is fast enough. It’s hard to explain without seeing so Andrew’s talk is the best resource available today. Concurrent Mode relies on a cooperative main thread scheduler , and we are collaborating with the Chrome team to eventually move this functionality into the browser itself. Status in React DOM: A very unstable version of Concurrent Mode is available behind an unstable_ prefix in React 16.6 but we don’t recommend trying it unless you’re willing to often run into walls or missing features. The 16.7 alphas include React.ConcurrentMode and ReactDOM.createRoot without an unstable_ prefix, but we’ll likely keep the prefix in 16.7, and only document and mark Concurrent Mode as stable in this future minor release. Status in React DOM Server: Concurrent Mode doesn’t directly affect server rendering. It will work with the existing server renderer. Status in React Native: The current plan is to delay enabling Concurrent Mode in React Native until React Fabric project is near completion. Recommendation: If you wish to adopt Concurrent Mode in the future, wrapping some component subtrees in <React.StrictMode> and fixing the resulting warnings is a good first step. In general it’s not expected that legacy code would immediately be compatible. For example, at Facebook we mostly intend to use the Concurrent Mode in the more recently developed codebases, and keep the legacy ones running in the synchronous mode for the near future. React 16.x (~mid 2019): The One with Suspense for Data Fetching As mentioned earlier, Suspense refers to React’s ability to “suspend” rendering while components are waiting for something, and display a loading indicator. In the already shipped React 16.6, the only supported use case for Suspense is code splitting. In this future minor release, we’d like to provide officially supported ways to use it for data fetching too. We’ll provide a reference implementation of a basic “React Cache” that’s compatible with Suspense, but you can also write your own. Data fetching libraries like Apollo and Relay will be able to integrate with Suspense by following a simple specification that we’ll document. // React Cache for simple data fetching (not final API) import { unstable_createResource } from 'react-cache' ; // Tell React Cache how to fetch your data const TodoResource = unstable_createResource ( fetchTodo ) ; function Todo ( props ) { // Suspends until the data is in the cache const todo = TodoResource . read ( props . id ) ; return < li > { todo . title } </ li > ; } function App ( ) { return ( // Same Suspense component you already use for code splitting // would be able to handle data fetching too. < React.Suspense fallback = { < Spinner /> } > < ul > { /* Siblings fetch in parallel */ } < Todo id = " 1 " /> < Todo id = " 2 " /> </ ul > </ React.Suspense > ) ; } // Other libraries like Apollo and Relay can also // provide Suspense integrations with similar APIs. There is no official documentation for how to fetch data with Suspense yet, but you can find some early information in this talk and this small demo . We’ll write documentation for React Cache (and how to write your own Suspense-compatible library) closer to this React release, but if you’re curious, you can find its very early source code here . The low-level Suspense mechanism (suspending rendering and showing a fallback) is expected to be stable even in React 16.6. We’ve used it for code splitting in production for months. However, the higher-level APIs for data fetching are very unstable. React Cache is rapidly changing, and will change at least a few more times. There are some low-level APIs that are missing for a good higher-level API to be possible. We don’t recommend using React Cache anywhere except very early experiments. Note that React Cache itself isn’t strictly tied to React releases, but the current alphas lack basic features as cache invalidation, and you’ll run into a wall very soon. We expect to have something usable with this React release. Eventually we’d like most data fetching to happen through Suspense but it will take a long time until all integrations are ready. In practice we expect it to be adopted very incrementally, and often through layers like Apollo or Relay rather than directly. Missing higher level APIs aren’t the only obstacle — there are also some important UI patterns we don’t support yet such as showing progress indicator outside of the loading view hierarchy . As always, we will communicate our progress in the release notes on this blog. Status in React DOM and React Native: Technically, a compatible cache would already work with <React.Suspense> in React 16.6. However, we don’t expect to have a good cache implementation until this React minor release. If you’re feeling adventurous, you can try to write your own cache by looking at the React Cache alphas. However, note that the mental model is sufficiently different that there’s a high risk of misunderstanding it until the docs are ready. Status in React DOM Server: Suspense is not available in the server renderer yet. As we mentioned earlier, we’ve started work on a new asynchronous server renderer that will support Suspense, but it’s a large project and will take a good chunk of 2019 to complete. Recommendation: Wait for this minor React release in order to use Suspense for data fetching. Don’t try to use Suspense features in 16.6 for it; it’s not supported. However, your existing <Suspense> components for code splitting will be able to show loading states for data too when Suspense for Data Fetching becomes officially supported. Other Projects Modernizing React DOM We started an investigation into simplifying and modernizing ReactDOM, with a goal of reduced bundle size and aligning closer with the browser behavior. It is still early to say which specific bullet points will “make it” because the project is in an exploratory phase. We will communicate our progress on that issue. Suspense for Server Rendering We started designing a new server renderer that supports Suspense (including waiting for asynchronous data on the server without double rendering) and progressively loading and hydrating page content in chunks for best user experience. You can watch an overview of its early prototype in this talk . The new server renderer is going to be our major focus in 2019, but it’s too early to say anything about its release schedule. Its development, as always, will happen on GitHub . This blog site has been archived. Go to react.dev/blog to see the recent posts. And that’s about it! As you can see, there’s a lot here to keep us busy but we expect much progress in the coming months. We hope this post gives you an idea of what we’re working on, what you can use today, and what you can expect to use in the future. While there’s a lot of discussion about new features on social media platforms, you won’t miss anything important if you read this blog. We’re always open to feedback, and love to hear from you in the RFC repository , the issue tracker , and on Twitter . Is this page useful? Edit this page Recent Posts React Labs: What We've Been Working On – June 2022 React v18.0 How to Upgrade to React 18 React Conf 2021 Recap The Plan for React 18 Introducing Zero-Bundle-Size React Server Components React v17.0 Introducing the New JSX Transform React v17.0 Release Candidate: No New Features React v16.13.0 All posts ... 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Blockchain Follow Hide A decentralized, distributed, and oftentimes public, digital ledger consisting of records called blocks that are used to record transactions across many computers so that any involved block cannot be altered retroactively, without the alteration of all subsequent blocks. Create Post Older #blockchain posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Bitcoin 101: From Barter to Blockchain Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Follow Jan 1 Bitcoin 101: From Barter to Blockchain # blockchain # bitcoin Comments Add Comment 3 min read A Guide to Web3 Infrastructure & Concepts Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Follow Jan 1 A Guide to Web3 Infrastructure & Concepts # web3 # architecture # blockchain # cloud Comments Add Comment 3 min read Architecting Web3: Integrating Blockchain Events with Google Cloud (GKE) Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Follow Jan 1 Architecting Web3: Integrating Blockchain Events with Google Cloud (GKE) # architecture # blockchain # web3 # bitcoin Comments Add Comment 2 min read @xchainjs/xchain-util: Install, Use & Build Cross-Chain Crypto Apps (with TypeScript) bock-studio bock-studio bock-studio Follow Dec 19 '25 @xchainjs/xchain-util: Install, Use & Build Cross-Chain Crypto Apps (with TypeScript) # blockchain # typescript # javascript # solidity 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Correcting a Code Example Wang Wei Wang Wei Wang Wei Follow Dec 19 '25 Correcting a Code Example # blockchain # beginners # documentation # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read Smart Escrow Series #3: Security Mayukha Vadari Mayukha Vadari Mayukha Vadari Follow for RippleX Developers Dec 18 '25 Smart Escrow Series #3: Security # web3 # blockchain # security # architecture Comments Add Comment 3 min read Hackathones, cansancio y razones del por qué Buen Día Builders existe Eli Ara Eli Ara Eli Ara Follow Dec 18 '25 Hackathones, cansancio y razones del por qué Buen Día Builders existe # programming # blockchain # learning Comments Add Comment 7 min read TokenEscrowV1: Fixing MPT Escrow Accounting Shashwat Mittal Shashwat Mittal Shashwat Mittal Follow for RippleX Developers Dec 17 '25 TokenEscrowV1: Fixing MPT Escrow Accounting # news # blockchain # web3 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Tutorial: Midnight Wallet SDK - 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December 18, 2025 Web3 Web3 Web3 Follow Dec 18 '25 Daily AI & Automation Tech News - December 18, 2025 # ai # automation # blockchain # web3 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 6 min read Building a Decentralized AI Training Network: Challenges and Opportunities Kyro Kyro Kyro Follow Dec 18 '25 Building a Decentralized AI Training Network: Challenges and Opportunities # ai # machinelearning # web3 # blockchain 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 5 min read Your Career, Onchain: Building a Resume Protocol with Purpose and Trust Obinna Duru Obinna Duru Obinna Duru Follow Dec 21 '25 Your Career, Onchain: Building a Resume Protocol with Purpose and Trust # web3 # solidity # beginners # blockchain 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Week 2: Multiplicative Inverses in Finite Fields: When Division Still Works in a Closed World Olusola Caleb Olusola Caleb Olusola Caleb Follow Jan 9 Week 2: Multiplicative Inverses in Finite Fields: When Division Still Works in a Closed World # blockchain # cryptography # bitcoin # go Comments Add Comment 4 min read 🎓 Thrilled to Announce My BTech 3rd Year Project 🚀 Blockchain-Based Digital Credential Verification System HARSH D HARSH D HARSH D Follow Jan 9 🎓 Thrilled to Announce My BTech 3rd Year Project 🚀 Blockchain-Based Digital Credential Verification System # showdev # blockchain # nextjs # web3 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Why Zero Knowledge Proofs are like a Lunar Landscape. Erick Fernandez Erick Fernandez Erick Fernandez Follow for Extropy.IO Dec 15 '25 Why Zero Knowledge Proofs are like a Lunar Landscape. # web3 # zeroknowledge # math # blockchain Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Build a Simple Blockchain Using Python (Step-by-Step Guide) DP Genius DP Genius DP Genius Follow Dec 19 '25 How to Build a Simple Blockchain Using Python (Step-by-Step Guide) # blockchain # cryptocurrency 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Mastering Sui DeepBook: A Hands-On DeFi DEX Series (1) Rajesh Royal Rajesh Royal Rajesh Royal Follow Dec 14 '25 Mastering Sui DeepBook: A Hands-On DeFi DEX Series (1) # blockchain # javascript # tutorial # sui 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Async Assumptions That Create Security Blind Spots in Web3 Backends. Progress Ochuko Eyaadah Progress Ochuko Eyaadah Progress Ochuko Eyaadah Follow Jan 7 Async Assumptions That Create Security Blind Spots in Web3 Backends. # security # web3 # web3backend # blockchain 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Mastering Sui DeepBook: A Hands-On DeFi DEX Series (3) Rajesh Royal Rajesh Royal Rajesh Royal Follow Dec 18 '25 Mastering Sui DeepBook: A Hands-On DeFi DEX Series (3) # tutorial # sui # blockchain # web3 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read DeArrow: Crowdsourcing Better YouTube Titles and Thumbnails Stelixx Insider Stelixx Insider Stelixx Insider Follow Dec 14 '25 DeArrow: Crowdsourcing Better YouTube Titles and Thumbnails # ai # web3 # blockchain # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read Cómo escribir smart contracts en Midnight Cardumen Cardumen Cardumen Follow Dec 13 '25 Cómo escribir smart contracts en Midnight # privacy # tutorial # blockchain # web3 Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/help/fun-stuff#Meme-Monday | Fun Stuff - DEV Help - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close DEV Help The latest help documentation, tips and tricks from the DEV Community. Help > Fun Stuff Fun Stuff In this article Sloan: The DEV Mascot Caption This!, Meme Monday & More! Caption This! Meme Monday Music Monday Explore for extra enjoyment! Sloan: The DEV Mascot Why is Sloan the Sloth the official DEV Moderator, you ask? Sloths might not seem like your typical software development assistant, but Sloan defies expectations! Here's why: Moderates and Posts Content: Sloan actively moderates and posts content on DEV, ensuring a vibrant and welcoming community. Welcomes New Members: Sloan greets and welcomes new members to the DEV community in our Weekly Welcome thread, fostering a sense of belonging. Answers Your Questions: Have a question you'd like to ask anonymously? Sloan's got you covered! Submit your question to Sloan's Inbox, and they'll post it on your behalf. Visit Sloan's Inbox Follow Sloan! Caption This!, Meme Monday & More! Caption This! Every week, we host a "Caption This" challenge! We share a mysterious picture without context, and it's your chance to work your captioning magic and bring it to life. Unleash your creativity and craft the perfect caption for these quirky images! Meme Monday Meme Monday is our weekly thread where you can join in the laughter by sharing your favorite developer memes. Each week, we select the best one to kick off the next week as the post image, sparking another round of fun and creativity. Music Monday Share what music you're listening to each week on the Music Monday thread , - check back each week for different themes and discover weird and wonderful bands and artists shared by the community! 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:12 |
https://dev.to/bingkahu/seeking-peer-connections-for-codechat-p2p-testing-4inh#how-to-test-it | Seeking Peer Connections for CodeChat P2P Testing - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse bingkahu Posted on Jan 12 Seeking Peer Connections for CodeChat P2P Testing # coding # github # watercooler # gamedev Project Overview I am currently testing the stability of CodeChat , a decentralized communication tool built with vanilla JavaScript and PeerJS. Unlike traditional messaging apps, this platform establishes direct WebRTC links between browsers, bypasses central databases, and ensures that data stays between the two connected nodes. Connection Invitation I am looking to establish active peer links to test the performance of the data channels and the "Identity Vault" local authentication system. How to Test it If you are interested in testing the node-to-node link: Access the repository at https://github.com/bingkahu/p2p-comms . Open the application in a modern browser. Use the 8-Digit Room ID provided in the sidebar to link your node with another persons ID (If you do not have another person you can simply open another tab, open the same link use your own account and test it by messaging yourself). Current Testing Focus Latency: Measuring message delivery speed across different network environments. Admin Controls: Testing the master broadcast and session wipe functions. UI Feedback: Evaluating the glassmorphism interface across various screen resolutions. Future Technical Milestones End-to-End Encryption: Integrating SubtleCrypto for payload security. P2P File Buffering: Enabling direct document transfer via ArrayBuffer streams. Contact and Collaboration For more detailed technical discussions or to coordinate a specific testing window, please contact me directly: Email: mgrassi1@outlook.com GitHub: bingkahu Legal and Privacy Notice By connecting to this prototype, you acknowledge that this is an experimental P2P environment. No data is stored on a server, but your Peer ID is visible to the connected party to facilitate the link. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse bingkahu Follow Full-stack developer focused on decentralized communication and privacy-centric web applications. Lead maintainer of CodeChat, an open-source peer-to-peer messaging platform built on WebRTC and PeerJS Education School Work Student Joined Jan 11, 2026 More from bingkahu I let an AI with "20 years experience" architect my project and it was a disaster # github # opensource # ai # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/t/odoo/page/5#main-content | Odoo Page 5 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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Right menu Odoo OWL Framework - extend and customize Component and Widget Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow Jun 6 '24 Odoo OWL Framework - extend and customize Component and Widget # odoo # webdev 17 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read So I tried Odoo for the first time Yuil Tripathee Yuil Tripathee Yuil Tripathee Follow Jun 6 '24 So I tried Odoo for the first time # webdev # erp # beginners # odoo Comments Add Comment 2 min read Unleashing Odoo's Potential: A Beginner's Guide to Development and Integration maliha Anjum maliha Anjum maliha Anjum Follow May 29 '24 Unleashing Odoo's Potential: A Beginner's Guide to Development and Integration # odoo # development # integration Comments Add Comment 3 min read OWL Odoo framework Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow May 28 '24 OWL Odoo framework # odoo 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read Understanding One2Many Relationships in Odoo: A Comprehensive Guide with Real Use Case Example Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow May 24 '24 Understanding One2Many Relationships in Odoo: A Comprehensive Guide with Real Use Case Example # odoo 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Beyond Unique Constraints in Odoo Khaled Said Khaled Said Khaled Said Follow May 8 '24 Beyond Unique Constraints in Odoo # odoo # postgres # gist # constraints 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Leveraging force_save in Odoo for Boolean Fields Dependent on onchange Methods Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow May 17 '24 Leveraging force_save in Odoo for Boolean Fields Dependent on onchange Methods # odoo 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Inherit and Make Changes to an Email Template in Odoo Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow May 15 '24 How to Inherit and Make Changes to an Email Template in Odoo # odoo # webdev 3 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read Exploring the Utility of web_read in Odoo Development Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow May 8 '24 Exploring the Utility of web_read in Odoo Development # odoo 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Odoo 17 : writing python conditions in XML Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow Apr 4 '24 Odoo 17 : writing python conditions in XML # odoo 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Creating my own homelab Carlos Estrada Carlos Estrada Carlos Estrada Follow Apr 23 '24 Creating my own homelab # programming # homelab # postgres # odoo 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Step-By-Step Guide to Generate Sequence Numbers in Odoo 16 CodeTrade India Pvt. 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Follow Apr 15 '24 Step-By-Step Guide to Generate Sequence Numbers in Odoo 16 # odoo16 # odoo # sequencenumber # odooerp 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read A hook solution to spy the Odoo web page 🕵️ ixkit ixkit ixkit Follow Apr 13 '24 A hook solution to spy the Odoo web page 🕵️ # odoo # python # erp # template Comments Add Comment 5 min read Odoo : Command syntax Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow Apr 9 '24 Odoo : Command syntax # odoo 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Odoo version 17 - View changes Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow Apr 8 '24 Odoo version 17 - View changes # odoo Comments Add Comment 1 min read Control Access and Visibility of fields in Odoo Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow Apr 8 '24 Control Access and Visibility of fields in Odoo # odoo 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Programmatically Cancel MRP Records in Odoo Fabian Anguiano Fabian Anguiano Fabian Anguiano Follow Apr 4 '24 How to Programmatically Cancel MRP Records in Odoo # odoo # python 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Odoo: Add a new wizard Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow Apr 4 '24 Odoo: Add a new wizard # odoo 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Odoo : permission to display the records based on group Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow Apr 4 '24 Odoo : permission to display the records based on group # odoo 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read show percentage symbol in values fields in Odoo Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow Mar 26 '24 show percentage symbol in values fields in Odoo # odoo 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Why do We Need to Upgrade the Odoo 16 to 17? Urvashi Sharma Urvashi Sharma Urvashi Sharma Follow Mar 22 '24 Why do We Need to Upgrade the Odoo 16 to 17? # upgrade # odoo17 # odoo16 # odoo Comments Add Comment 2 min read Odoo: Restricting Visibility Menu item for based on groups Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow Mar 21 '24 Odoo: Restricting Visibility Menu item for based on groups # odoo 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Odoo : Add conditions to list view, custom record rules Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow Mar 21 '24 Odoo : Add conditions to list view, custom record rules # odoo 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to customize the left side menu icon of the Odoo Settings page view ixkit ixkit ixkit Follow Mar 16 '24 How to customize the left side menu icon of the Odoo Settings page view # odoo # javascript # erp # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Odoo : view form order importance Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow Feb 23 '24 Odoo : view form order importance # odoo Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # codequality Follow Hide Create Post Older #codequality posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Code ownership is not “please fix this for me” maria tzanidaki maria tzanidaki maria tzanidaki Follow Jan 12 Code ownership is not “please fix this for me” # discuss # architecture # codequality # leadership 2 reactions Comments 3 comments 3 min read Code Review Guidelines for Modern Development Teams Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Follow Jan 12 Code Review Guidelines for Modern Development Teams # codequality # productivity # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 3 min read Clean Code em PHP moderno. Daniel Camucatto Daniel Camucatto Daniel Camucatto Follow Jan 11 Clean Code em PHP moderno. # backend # codequality # php Comments Add Comment 2 min read 𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗔𝗜-𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗖𝗼𝗱𝗲 𝗢𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗟𝗼𝗼𝗸𝘀 “𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘁𝗲” — 𝗯𝘂𝘁 𝗜𝘀𝗻’𝘁—𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘄𝗵𝘆 𝗜 𝗯𝘂𝗶𝗹𝘁 𝗔𝗜-𝗦𝗟𝗢𝗣 𝗗𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 Kwansub Yun Kwansub Yun Kwansub Yun Follow Jan 11 𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗔𝗜-𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗖𝗼𝗱𝗲 𝗢𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗟𝗼𝗼𝗸𝘀 “𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘁𝗲” — 𝗯𝘂𝘁 𝗜𝘀𝗻’𝘁—𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘄𝗵𝘆 𝗜 𝗯𝘂𝗶𝗹𝘁 𝗔𝗜-𝗦𝗟𝗢𝗣 𝗗𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 # opensource # codequality # devsecops # programming Comments 1 comment 2 min read Code Review Best Practices: How to Review Code Without Slowing Teams Down Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Follow Jan 9 Code Review Best Practices: How to Review Code Without Slowing Teams Down # codequality # productivity # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 3 min read Trigger Logic Causing Recursive Updates or Data Duplication Selavina B Selavina B Selavina B Follow Jan 8 Trigger Logic Causing Recursive Updates or Data Duplication # architecture # backend # codequality # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read When a refactor bot renames things unevenly: inconsistent variable naming across files Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Follow Jan 8 When a refactor bot renames things unevenly: inconsistent variable naming across files # codequality # llm # tooling # typescript Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why Modular Monolith Architecture is the Key to Effective AI-Assisted Development ismail Cagdas ismail Cagdas ismail Cagdas Follow Jan 6 Why Modular Monolith Architecture is the Key to Effective AI-Assisted Development # ai # architecture # codequality # productivity 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read When code suggestions keep using deprecated Pandas APIs: a practical postmortem Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Follow Jan 7 When code suggestions keep using deprecated Pandas APIs: a practical postmortem # codequality # datascience # llm # python Comments Add Comment 3 min read When AI Refactors Introduce Inconsistent Variable Names Across Files Olivia Perell Olivia Perell Olivia Perell Follow Jan 6 When AI Refactors Introduce Inconsistent Variable Names Across Files # discuss # ai # codequality # typescript Comments Add Comment 3 min read When Generated Tests Pass but Don't Protect: LLMs Creating Superficial Unit Tests James M James M James M Follow Jan 6 When Generated Tests Pass but Don't Protect: LLMs Creating Superficial Unit Tests # ai # codequality # llm # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read When an AI Recommends Deprecated Pandas APIs — a postmortem Mark k Mark k Mark k Follow Jan 7 When an AI Recommends Deprecated Pandas APIs — a postmortem # codequality # datascience # llm # python Comments Add Comment 3 min read When code generation suggests deprecated Pandas APIs — a case study Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Follow Jan 6 When code generation suggests deprecated Pandas APIs — a case study # api # codequality # llm # python Comments Add Comment 3 min read TDD for dbt: unit testing the way it should be Niclas Olofsson Niclas Olofsson Niclas Olofsson Follow Jan 7 TDD for dbt: unit testing the way it should be # codequality # dataengineering # softwareengineering # testing Comments Add Comment 12 min read When Generated Tests Pass but Don't Protect — a small failure that became a production bug Olivia Perell Olivia Perell Olivia Perell Follow Jan 7 When Generated Tests Pass but Don't Protect — a small failure that became a production bug # ai # codequality # llm # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read Performance Degradation Due to Inefficient Apex / ORM Usage (salesforce) Selavina B Selavina B Selavina B Follow Jan 7 Performance Degradation Due to Inefficient Apex / ORM Usage (salesforce) # backend # codequality # database # performance Comments Add Comment 3 min read When Generated Tests Pass but Don't Protect: a case study in AI-written unit tests Sofia Bennett Sofia Bennett Sofia Bennett Follow Jan 6 When Generated Tests Pass but Don't Protect: a case study in AI-written unit tests # ai # codequality # devops # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read When code-gen suggests deprecated Pandas APIs: a case study in subtle breakage Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Follow Jan 6 When code-gen suggests deprecated Pandas APIs: a case study in subtle breakage # codequality # dataengineering # llm # python Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why You Shouldn’t Manually Define a Vue Component’s name Kelvin Kelvin Kelvin Follow Jan 4 Why You Shouldn’t Manually Define a Vue Component’s name # codequality # javascript # vue Comments Add Comment 2 min read Refactoring for AI: When Your Code Reviewer is a Machine Yuto Takashi Yuto Takashi Yuto Takashi Follow Jan 6 Refactoring for AI: When Your Code Reviewer is a Machine # ai # refactoring # codequality # webdev Comments Add Comment 4 min read Revolutionizing Code Testing with JavaScript: A Comprehensive Guide Visakh Vijayan Visakh Vijayan Visakh Vijayan Follow Jan 4 Revolutionizing Code Testing with JavaScript: A Comprehensive Guide # codequality # javascript # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read Future-Proof Your Codebase: How Test Coverage and Quality Metrics Minimize AI-Driven SDLC Disruptions Barecheck Team Barecheck Team Barecheck Team Follow Jan 2 Future-Proof Your Codebase: How Test Coverage and Quality Metrics Minimize AI-Driven SDLC Disruptions # ai # sdlc # testcoverage # codequality Comments Add Comment 4 min read Error Handling in Rust (Result & Option) Aviral Srivastava Aviral Srivastava Aviral Srivastava Follow Jan 6 Error Handling in Rust (Result & Option) # beginners # codequality # rust # tutorial Comments Add Comment 8 min read A Fail-Closed Gate for Rust AI Assistants yuer yuer yuer Follow Jan 2 A Fail-Closed Gate for Rust AI Assistants # discuss # codequality # rust # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read When models suggest deprecated Pandas APIs: a small mistake that cascades Olivia Perell Olivia Perell Olivia Perell Follow Jan 6 When models suggest deprecated Pandas APIs: a small mistake that cascades # codequality # dataengineering # llm # python Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... trending guides/resources Why I Chose Biome Over ESLint+Prettier: 20x Faster Linting & One Tool to Rule Them All KISS vs DRY in Infrastructure as Code: Why Simple Often Beats Clever Why Your AI-Generated Code is Probably Garbage (And How to Fix It) Monorepo vs. multiple repositories: what’s the best strategy for a growing codebase? How to Standardize Code Quality Across Different Developers and Teams Best Python Code Quality Tools : Linters, Formatters & Analyzers to Prevent Technical Debt The Shift from AI Reviewers to Code Review Agents Modernize Go with golangci-lint v2.6.0 คุยกันเรื่อง Writing Better Go: Lessons from 10 Code Reviews Weekly #51-2025: AI Coding Agents and Engineering Culture, 0.1x Engineers Code Review Guidelines for Modern Development Teams Python Tips That Will Enhance Your Code The Cost of Relying Only on Static Code Review Vitest vs Jest 30: Why 2026 is the Year of Browser-Native Testing Semantic Typing We Ignore Failures we don't model correctly The Frontend Fortress: Building a Bulletproof Code Quality Pipeline Engineering DebtDrone: Building a High-Performance AST-Based Static Analyzer in Go Fitness Equation 12/31/2025 Design Patterns You’ll Actually Use: A No-Nonsense Guide 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/suzuki0430/cka-certified-kubernetes-administrator-exam-report-2026-dont-rely-on-old-guides-mastering-the-534m#impressions-of-the-new-exam-scope-postfeb-2025-and-difficulty | CKA (Certified Kubernetes Administrator) Exam Report 2026: Don’t Rely on Old Guides (Mastering the Post-2025 Revision) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Atsushi Suzuki Posted on Jan 13 CKA (Certified Kubernetes Administrator) Exam Report 2026: Don’t Rely on Old Guides (Mastering the Post-2025 Revision) # kubernetes # certification # devops # learning Despite being active as an AWS Community Builder (Containers) and a Docker Captain, for some reason, I had never really touched Kubernetes before. So, starting in November 2025, I began studying for 1-2 hours on weekdays outside of work. I am the type of person who finds it easier to solidify foundational knowledge when I have a specific goal like a certification, so I decided to aim for the Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) first. Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Why I am writing this article If you search for "CKA Pass" you will find many experience reports. However, there are still not many articles written after the exam scope revision in February 2025. Having actually taken the exam, I felt that the "sense of difficulty" and "essential techniques" mentioned in older reports are no longer entirely applicable. I wrote this article as a reference for those who are planning to take the exam in the future. Exam Results I passed with a score of 72% (passing score is 66%). It was my first time taking a hands-on practical exam, and compared to multiple-choice exams, I felt constantly rushed—I couldn't stop sweating. I didn't finish everything within the time limit and didn't have time to go back to the troubleshooting questions I had flagged. Exam Date: 2026/01/11 13:30~ Location: Private room in a co-working space Kubernetes Version: v1.34 Device: MacBook Air (2022, M2, 13.6-inch) Impressions of the New Exam Scope (Post-Feb 2025) and Difficulty To be honest, I felt it was significantly more difficult than the image I had from older experience reports. My personal impression was that it felt about as challenging as the "Killer Shell" simulator (mentioned later). Below is the revised exam scope, and I felt that questions related to the newly added content made up about half of the exam. CKA Program Changes - Feb 2025 While I cannot provide specific details about the questions, you will likely struggle if your understanding of the following newly added topics is weak: Helm Kustomize Gateway API (Gateway, HttpRoute, etc.) Network Policy CRDs (Custom Resource Definitions) Extension interfaces (CNI, CSI, CRI, etc.) Learning Resources Used I used Udemy, KodeKloud, and Killer Shell. Many reports from before the revision said that Udemy and Killer Shell were enough, but my personal feeling is that I was only able to put up a fight because I went as far as doing the additional labs on KodeKloud. Udemy This is the standard Udemy course recommended in almost every report. I bought it during one of their frequent sales. Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Practice Exam Tests The course consists of video lectures and practice tests (hosted on a separate service called KodeKloud). Since my Kubernetes knowledge was literally zero, I studied each component through the videos before attempting the practice tests. I went through the lectures once and repeated the practice questions I didn't understand multiple times (up to 4 times). For my weak areas (Helm, Kustomize, Gateway API, CRD), I re-watched the lectures several times. Once I could solve over 80% of the practice questions, I tackled the three Mock Exams in the final section until I could solve them perfectly (up to 4 rounds for some). For explanations I didn't quite understand, I asked AI for help. KodeKloud This is the KodeKloud platform included with the Udemy course: Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Since having only three Mock Exams felt a bit uncertain, I paid for the following course to solve five additional Mock Exams: Ultimate Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Mock Exam Series Killer Shell When you register for the exam, you get two sessions of the "Killer Shell" exam simulator. It uses the same Remote Desktop environment as the actual exam, so you should absolutely use it to get used to the interface. In my case, since I took the exam on a MacBook, the shortcut keys for commands change in the Remote Desktop, so I was able to practice copy-pasting in the simulator. Note that the simulator access is provided twice, and each session expires after 36 hours. If you want to review after it expires, it’s better to save the answer pages as PDF or HTML. Killer Shell Tips No need to add settings to .bashrc Common tips in older reports, such as "aliases for switching namespaces," are no longer necessary. This is because the current exam format involves using ssh to switch between different environments for each task. Memorize the Documentation URL The browser doesn't automatically open to the documentation page when the exam starts, so make sure you can quickly navigate to https://kubernetes.io/docs . Learn Copy-Paste Shortcuts for Remote Desktop Whether or not you can copy-paste quickly can make or break your pass/fail result. Practice the operations on Killer Shell. Copy (Terminal): Ctrl + Shift + C Paste (Terminal): Ctrl + Shift + V Prepare for Applied Questions Don't just memorize each component; imagine how they combine with others. Simply "memorizing Helm commands" might not be enough for some of the harder questions. Helm + CRD Migration from Ingress → Gateway + HttpRoute, etc. Exam Environment The conditions for the exam environment are strict: "a private space without noise," "no objects on the desk," etc. Unfortunately, I didn't have such an environment at home, so I rented a private room in a co-working space. Interaction with the proctor is via chat, so there is no verbal conversation. However, it seems that even slight noise will be pointed out, so choosing a private room is the safe bet. Instructions from the proctor come in your native language (Japanese in my case), but they seem to be using machine translation, as some instructions were a bit confusing. I assumed the proctor was non-Japanese, so I replied in English (just basic things like "OK," "thanks," etc.). Following the proctor's instructions, I used the webcam to show the room (ceiling, floor, desk, walls), both ears, both wrists, and my powered-off smartphone. It took about 15 minutes to actually start the exam. Also, I didn't use the external monitor at the co-working space, but in retrospect, having a larger workspace would have made things easier, so I probably should have used it. During the exam, I didn't really feel the presence of the proctor, but when I was stuck on a problem and touched my chin, a chat message arrived saying, "Please refrain from gestures that cover your face." Final Thoughts Obtaining the CKA was quite a challenge, but I plan to take the CKAD while I still have this momentum. The second half of 2025 was quite rough at my company and I felt zero personal growth, so I want to make up for that in 2026. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Atsushi Suzuki Follow AWS Community Builder | 15x AWS Certified | Docker Captain Hooked on the TV drama Silicon Valley, I switched from sales to engineering. Developing SaaS and researching AI at a startup in Tokyo. Location Tokyo Joined Mar 11, 2021 More from Atsushi Suzuki I Automated My Air Conditioner with Kubernetes (kind + CronJob + SwitchBot) # kubernetes # containers # iot # docker Practical Terraform Tips for Secure and Reliable AWS Environments # aws # terraform # devops # beginners Fixing the “Invalid Parameter” Error When Registering an SNS Topic for SES Feedback Notifications # aws # security # devops # cloud 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/jeevanizm/odoo-owl-framework-extend-and-customize-component-and-widget-47jj | Odoo OWL Framework - extend and customize Component and Widget - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Posted on Jun 6, 2024 Odoo OWL Framework - extend and customize Component and Widget # odoo # webdev Problem : When a user selects a product in the product field of the order line in a new sale order form, the system should check if this product, associated with the same customer, already exists in any sale orders that are in the confirmed stage. If such a product is found, a popup warning with some action buttons should be displayed. While one might consider using the onchange method in the Odoo backend to achieve this, the onchange API in Odoo does not support triggering popup wizards. Therefore, we need to use the OWL (Odoo Web Library) framework to perform this check and trigger the popup. To implement this solution, we will extend the existing component, use RPC (Remote Procedure Call), and ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) API to access the database in the backend and pass the necessary values to the frontend. Solution: if you check in the product Field in sale order line you can see there is a widget - sol_product_many2one , so we need to extend this widget and add our custom logic Identify the Existing Product Field: Locate the existing product field in Odoo: odoo/addons/sale/static/src/js/sale_product_field.js. Create a New JS File: In your custom module, create a new JS file under custom_module/src/components. Import the existing field as follows: Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode `/** @odoo-module */ import { registry } from "@web/core/registry"; import { many2OneField } from '@web/views/fields/many2one/many2one_field'; import { Component } from "@odoo/owl"; import { jsonrpc } from "@web/core/network/rpc_service"; import { _t } from "@web/core/l10n/translation"; import { useService } from "@web/core/utils/hooks"; import { Dialog } from "@web/core/dialog/dialog"; import { SaleOrderLineProductField } from '@sale/js/sale_product_field'` important : do not forget to add - /** @odoo-module */ - on top of the file unless it will throw error Create a Component: Create a new component and extend from the existing product field. Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode // Define a class DuplicateProductDialog that extends the Component class export class DuplicateProductDialog extends Component { // Define the components used in this class, in this case, Dialog static components = { Dialog }; // Define the properties (props) for the component static props = { close: Function, // Function to close the dialog title: String, // Title of the dialog orders: Array, // Array of orders to be displayed onAddProduct: Function, // Function to handle adding a product onRemoveProduct: Function // Function to handle removing a product }; // Define the template for this component static template = "custom_module.DuplicateProductDialog"; // Setup method to initialize the class setup() { // Set the title of the dialog from the props this.title = this.props.title; } /** * Public method to handle adding a product * @public * @param {number} orderId - The ID of the order to which the product will be added */ addProduct(orderId) { // Call the onAddProduct function passed in the props this.props.onAddProduct(); // Close the dialog this.props.close(); } /** * Public method to handle removing a product * @public */ removeProduct() { // Call the onRemoveProduct function passed in the props this.props.onRemoveProduct(); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode So we are going to replace the existing productField widget // Define a class SaleOrderproductField that extends the SaleOrderLineProductField class export class SaleOrderproductField extends SaleOrderLineProductField { // Setup method to initialize the class setup() { // Call the setup method of the parent class super.setup(); // Initialize the dialog service this.dialog = useService("dialog"); } // Asynchronous method to update the record with the provided value async updateRecord(value) { // Call the updateRecord method of the parent class super.updateRecord(value); // Check for duplicate products after updating the record const is_duplicate = await this._onCheckproductUpdate(value); } // Asynchronous method to check for duplicate products in the sale order async _onCheckproductUpdate(product) { const partnerId = this.context.partner_id; // Get the partner ID from the context const customerName = document.getElementsByName("partner_id")[0].querySelector(".o-autocomplete--input").value; // Get the customer name from the input field const productId = product[0]; // Get the product ID from the product array // Check if the customer name is not provided if (!customerName) { alert("Please Choose Customer"); // Alert the user to choose a customer return true; // Return true indicating a duplicate product scenario } // Fetch sale order lines that match the given criteria const saleOrderLines = await jsonrpc("/web/dataset/call_kw/sale.order.line/search_read", { model: 'sale.order.line', method: "search_read", args: [ [ ["order_partner_id", "=", partnerId], ["product_template_id", "=", productId], ["state", "=", "sale"] ] ], kwargs: { fields: ['id', 'product_uom_qty', 'order_id', 'move_ids', 'name', 'state'], order: "name" } }); const reservedOrders = []; // Array to hold reserved orders let stockMoves = []; // Array to hold stock moves // Check if any sale order lines are found if (saleOrderLines.length > 0) { // Iterate through each sale order line for (const line of saleOrderLines) { // Fetch stock moves associated with the sale order line const stockMoves = await jsonrpc("/web/dataset/call_kw/stock.move/search_read", { model: 'stock.move', method: "search_read", args: [[ ['sale_line_id', '=', line.id], ]], kwargs: { fields: ['name', 'state'] } }); // Check if any stock moves are found if (stockMoves.length > 0) { // Add the order details to the reserved orders array reservedOrders.push({ order_number: line['order_id'][1], // Order number order_id: line['order_id'][0], // Order ID product_info: line['name'], // Product information product_qty: line['product_uom_qty'] // Product quantity }); } } } // Check if there are any reserved orders if (reservedOrders.length > 0) { // Show a dialog with duplicate product warning this.dialog.add(DuplicateProductDialog, { title: _t("Warning For %s", product[1]), // Warning title with product name orders: reservedOrders, // List of reserved orders onAddProduct: async (product) => { return true; // Callback for adding product }, onRemoveProduct: async (product) => { const currentRow = document.getElementsByClassName('o_data_row o_selected_row o_row_draggable o_is_false')[0]; // Get the currently selected row if (currentRow) { currentRow.remove(); // Remove the current row } }, }); return true; // Return true indicating a duplicate product scenario } else { return false; // Return false indicating no duplicate products found } } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode once we have this, we need to export this SaleOrderproductField.template = "web.Many2OneField"; export const saleOrderproductField = { ...many2OneField, component: SaleOrderproductField, }; registry.category("fields").add("so_product_many2one", saleOrderproductField); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Integrate the New Widget: Attach this new widget to the inherited sale order form as shown below: <xpath expr="//field[@name='product_template_id']" position="attributes"> <attribute name="widget">so_product_many2one</attribute> </xpath> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Create a Popup Wizard View: Create a popup wizard view and define the required props (title and orders) inside the component to avoid errors in debug mode. Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <templates xml:space="preserve"> <t t-name="custom_module.DuplicateProductDialog"> <Dialog size="'md'" title="title" modalRef="modalRef"> <table class="table"> <thead> </thead> <tbody> <t t-foreach="this.props.orders" t-as="item" t-key="item.order_id"> <div class="d-flex align-items-start flex-column mb-3"> <tr> <td> <p> The product <t t-out="item.product_info" /> is already reserved for this customer under order number <span t-esc="item.order_number" /> with a quantity of <strong> <t t-out="item.product_qty" /> </strong> . Please confirm if you still want to add this line item to the order <button class="btn btn-primary me-1" t-on-click="() => this.addProduct(item.id)"> Add </button> <button class="btn btn-primary ms-1" t-on-click="() => this.removeProduct(item.id)"> Remove </button> </p> </td> </tr> </div> </t> </tbody> </table> </Dialog> </t> </templates> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode So we passed the props title, orders. Important to define these props inside Component export class DuplicateProductDialog extends Component { static components = { Dialog }; static props = { close: Function, title: String, orders: Array, onAddProduct: Function, onRemoveProduct: Function, }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode otherwise, thise will throw an error as below on debug mode = 1 situation OwlError: Invalid props for component ( https://www.odoo.com/forum/help-1/owlerror-invalid-props-for-component-taxgroupcomponent-currency-is-undefined-should-be-a-value-213238 ) So once we have everything, restart Odoo, upgrade module and try to create some Sale Orders with a particular customer with same product. The confirm one or two sale orders and try to create a new sale order for same customer and choose same product, then it should trigger a popup warning window. OWL framework is a very important part of Odoo framework, but lack of proper documentation is a hurdle for Odoo developers, hope this could be a simple help. wishes full code for JS /** @odoo-module */ import { registry } from "@web/core/registry"; import { many2OneField } from '@web/views/fields/many2one/many2one_field'; import { Component } from "@odoo/owl"; import { jsonrpc } from "@web/core/network/rpc_service"; import { _t } from "@web/core/l10n/translation"; import { useService } from "@web/core/utils/hooks"; import { Dialog } from "@web/core/dialog/dialog"; import { SaleOrderLineProductField } from '@sale/js/sale_product_field' export class DuplicateProductDialog extends Component { static components = { Dialog }; static props = { close: Function, title: String, orders: Array, onAddProduct: Function, onRemoveProduct: Function, }; static template = "custom_module.DuplicateProductDialog"; setup() { this.title = this.props.title; } /** * @public */ addProduct(orderId) { this.props.onAddProduct(); this.props.close(); } removeProduct() { this.props.onRemoveProduct(); } } export class SaleOrderproductField extends SaleOrderLineProductField { setup() { super.setup(); this.dialog = useService("dialog"); } async updateRecord (value){ super.updateRecord(value); const is_duplicate = await this._onCheckproductUpdate(value); } async _onCheckproductUpdate(product) { const partnerId = this.context.partner_id const customerName = document.getElementsByName("partner_id")[0].querySelector(".o-autocomplete--input").value; const productId = product[0]; if (!customerName ) { alert("Please Choose Customer") return true; } const saleOrderLines = await jsonrpc("/web/dataset/call_kw/sale.order.line/search_read", { model: 'sale.order.line', method: "search_read", args: [ [ ["order_partner_id", "=", partnerId], ["product_template_id", "=", productId], ["state","=","sale"] ] ], kwargs: { fields: ['id','product_uom_qty', 'order_id', 'move_ids', 'name', 'state'], order: "name" } }); const reservedOrders = []; let stockMoves = []; if(saleOrderLines.length > 0){ for (const line of saleOrderLines) { const stockMoves = await jsonrpc("/web/dataset/call_kw/stock.move/search_read", { model: 'stock.move', method: "search_read", args: [[ ['sale_line_id', '=', line.id], ]], kwargs: { fields: ['name', 'state'] } }); if (stockMoves.length > 0) { reservedOrders.push({ order_number: line['order_id'][1], order_id: line['order_id'][0], product_info:line['name'], product_qty: line['product_uom_qty'] }); } } } if (reservedOrders.length > 0) { this.dialog.add(DuplicateProductDialog, { title: _t("Warning For %s", product[1]), orders: reservedOrders, onAddProduct: async (product) => { return true; }, onRemoveProduct: async (product) => { const currentRow = document.getElementsByClassName('o_data_row o_selected_row o_row_draggable o_is_false')[0] if(currentRow){ currentRow.remove(); } }, }); return true; } else { return false; } } } SaleOrderproductField.template = "web.Many2OneField"; export const saleOrderproductField = { ...many2OneField, component: SaleOrderproductField, }; registry.category("fields").add("so_product_many2one", saleOrderproductField); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow Software Engineer / Frontend Developer / Full Stack Developer - writes about JavaScript, Php, Python and more Location United Kingdom Pronouns He/Him Joined Oct 8, 2023 More from Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan How to find the current page template/view ID from the dev tools? # odoo How to Add Custom Translations in Odoo Using .po Files # odoo Odoo check if a module is installed or not # odoo 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/suzuki0430/cka-certified-kubernetes-administrator-exam-report-2026-dont-rely-on-old-guides-mastering-the-534m#learning-resources-used | CKA (Certified Kubernetes Administrator) Exam Report 2026: Don’t Rely on Old Guides (Mastering the Post-2025 Revision) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Report Abuse Atsushi Suzuki Posted on Jan 13 CKA (Certified Kubernetes Administrator) Exam Report 2026: Don’t Rely on Old Guides (Mastering the Post-2025 Revision) # kubernetes # certification # devops # learning Despite being active as an AWS Community Builder (Containers) and a Docker Captain, for some reason, I had never really touched Kubernetes before. So, starting in November 2025, I began studying for 1-2 hours on weekdays outside of work. I am the type of person who finds it easier to solidify foundational knowledge when I have a specific goal like a certification, so I decided to aim for the Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) first. Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Why I am writing this article If you search for "CKA Pass" you will find many experience reports. However, there are still not many articles written after the exam scope revision in February 2025. Having actually taken the exam, I felt that the "sense of difficulty" and "essential techniques" mentioned in older reports are no longer entirely applicable. I wrote this article as a reference for those who are planning to take the exam in the future. Exam Results I passed with a score of 72% (passing score is 66%). It was my first time taking a hands-on practical exam, and compared to multiple-choice exams, I felt constantly rushed—I couldn't stop sweating. I didn't finish everything within the time limit and didn't have time to go back to the troubleshooting questions I had flagged. Exam Date: 2026/01/11 13:30~ Location: Private room in a co-working space Kubernetes Version: v1.34 Device: MacBook Air (2022, M2, 13.6-inch) Impressions of the New Exam Scope (Post-Feb 2025) and Difficulty To be honest, I felt it was significantly more difficult than the image I had from older experience reports. My personal impression was that it felt about as challenging as the "Killer Shell" simulator (mentioned later). Below is the revised exam scope, and I felt that questions related to the newly added content made up about half of the exam. CKA Program Changes - Feb 2025 While I cannot provide specific details about the questions, you will likely struggle if your understanding of the following newly added topics is weak: Helm Kustomize Gateway API (Gateway, HttpRoute, etc.) Network Policy CRDs (Custom Resource Definitions) Extension interfaces (CNI, CSI, CRI, etc.) Learning Resources Used I used Udemy, KodeKloud, and Killer Shell. Many reports from before the revision said that Udemy and Killer Shell were enough, but my personal feeling is that I was only able to put up a fight because I went as far as doing the additional labs on KodeKloud. Udemy This is the standard Udemy course recommended in almost every report. I bought it during one of their frequent sales. Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Practice Exam Tests The course consists of video lectures and practice tests (hosted on a separate service called KodeKloud). Since my Kubernetes knowledge was literally zero, I studied each component through the videos before attempting the practice tests. I went through the lectures once and repeated the practice questions I didn't understand multiple times (up to 4 times). For my weak areas (Helm, Kustomize, Gateway API, CRD), I re-watched the lectures several times. Once I could solve over 80% of the practice questions, I tackled the three Mock Exams in the final section until I could solve them perfectly (up to 4 rounds for some). For explanations I didn't quite understand, I asked AI for help. KodeKloud This is the KodeKloud platform included with the Udemy course: Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Since having only three Mock Exams felt a bit uncertain, I paid for the following course to solve five additional Mock Exams: Ultimate Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Mock Exam Series Killer Shell When you register for the exam, you get two sessions of the "Killer Shell" exam simulator. It uses the same Remote Desktop environment as the actual exam, so you should absolutely use it to get used to the interface. In my case, since I took the exam on a MacBook, the shortcut keys for commands change in the Remote Desktop, so I was able to practice copy-pasting in the simulator. Note that the simulator access is provided twice, and each session expires after 36 hours. If you want to review after it expires, it’s better to save the answer pages as PDF or HTML. Killer Shell Tips No need to add settings to .bashrc Common tips in older reports, such as "aliases for switching namespaces," are no longer necessary. This is because the current exam format involves using ssh to switch between different environments for each task. Memorize the Documentation URL The browser doesn't automatically open to the documentation page when the exam starts, so make sure you can quickly navigate to https://kubernetes.io/docs . Learn Copy-Paste Shortcuts for Remote Desktop Whether or not you can copy-paste quickly can make or break your pass/fail result. Practice the operations on Killer Shell. Copy (Terminal): Ctrl + Shift + C Paste (Terminal): Ctrl + Shift + V Prepare for Applied Questions Don't just memorize each component; imagine how they combine with others. Simply "memorizing Helm commands" might not be enough for some of the harder questions. Helm + CRD Migration from Ingress → Gateway + HttpRoute, etc. Exam Environment The conditions for the exam environment are strict: "a private space without noise," "no objects on the desk," etc. Unfortunately, I didn't have such an environment at home, so I rented a private room in a co-working space. Interaction with the proctor is via chat, so there is no verbal conversation. However, it seems that even slight noise will be pointed out, so choosing a private room is the safe bet. Instructions from the proctor come in your native language (Japanese in my case), but they seem to be using machine translation, as some instructions were a bit confusing. I assumed the proctor was non-Japanese, so I replied in English (just basic things like "OK," "thanks," etc.). Following the proctor's instructions, I used the webcam to show the room (ceiling, floor, desk, walls), both ears, both wrists, and my powered-off smartphone. It took about 15 minutes to actually start the exam. Also, I didn't use the external monitor at the co-working space, but in retrospect, having a larger workspace would have made things easier, so I probably should have used it. During the exam, I didn't really feel the presence of the proctor, but when I was stuck on a problem and touched my chin, a chat message arrived saying, "Please refrain from gestures that cover your face." Final Thoughts Obtaining the CKA was quite a challenge, but I plan to take the CKAD while I still have this momentum. The second half of 2025 was quite rough at my company and I felt zero personal growth, so I want to make up for that in 2026. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Atsushi Suzuki Follow AWS Community Builder | 15x AWS Certified | Docker Captain Hooked on the TV drama Silicon Valley, I switched from sales to engineering. Developing SaaS and researching AI at a startup in Tokyo. Location Tokyo Joined Mar 11, 2021 More from Atsushi Suzuki I Automated My Air Conditioner with Kubernetes (kind + CronJob + SwitchBot) # kubernetes # containers # iot # docker Practical Terraform Tips for Secure and Reliable AWS Environments # aws # terraform # devops # beginners Fixing the “Invalid Parameter” Error When Registering an SNS Topic for SES Feedback Notifications # aws # security # devops # cloud 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:12 |
https://reactjs.org/blog/2019/02/06/react-v16.8.0.html#what-are-hooks | React v16.8: The One With Hooks – React Blog We want to hear from you! Take our 2021 Community Survey! This site is no longer updated. Go to react.dev React Docs Tutorial Blog Community v 18.2.0 Languages GitHub React v16.8: The One With Hooks February 06, 2019 by Dan Abramov This blog site has been archived. Go to react.dev/blog to see the recent posts. With React 16.8, React Hooks are available in a stable release! What Are Hooks? Hooks let you use state and other React features without writing a class. You can also build your own Hooks to share reusable stateful logic between components. If you’ve never heard of Hooks before, you might find these resources interesting: Introducing Hooks explains why we’re adding Hooks to React. Hooks at a Glance is a fast-paced overview of the built-in Hooks. Building Your Own Hooks demonstrates code reuse with custom Hooks. Making Sense of React Hooks explores the new possibilities unlocked by Hooks. useHooks.com showcases community-maintained Hooks recipes and demos. You don’t have to learn Hooks right now. Hooks have no breaking changes, and we have no plans to remove classes from React. The Hooks FAQ describes the gradual adoption strategy. No Big Rewrites We don’t recommend rewriting your existing applications to use Hooks overnight. Instead, try using Hooks in some of the new components, and let us know what you think. Code using Hooks will work side by side with existing code using classes. Can I Use Hooks Today? Yes! Starting with 16.8.0, React includes a stable implementation of React Hooks for: React DOM React DOM Server React Test Renderer React Shallow Renderer Note that to enable Hooks, all React packages need to be 16.8.0 or higher . Hooks won’t work if you forget to update, for example, React DOM. React Native will support Hooks in the 0.59 release . Tooling Support React Hooks are now supported by React DevTools. They are also supported in the latest Flow and TypeScript definitions for React. We strongly recommend enabling a new lint rule called eslint-plugin-react-hooks to enforce best practices with Hooks. It will soon be included into Create React App by default. What’s Next We described our plan for the next months in the recently published React Roadmap . Note that React Hooks don’t cover all use cases for classes yet but they’re very close . Currently, only getSnapshotBeforeUpdate() and componentDidCatch() methods don’t have equivalent Hooks APIs, and these lifecycles are relatively uncommon. If you want, you should be able to use Hooks in most of the new code you’re writing. Even while Hooks were in alpha, the React community created many interesting examples and recipes using Hooks for animations, forms, subscriptions, integrating with other libraries, and so on. We’re excited about Hooks because they make code reuse easier, helping you write your components in a simpler way and make great user experiences. We can’t wait to see what you’ll create next! Testing Hooks We have added a new API called ReactTestUtils.act() in this release. It ensures that the behavior in your tests matches what happens in the browser more closely. We recommend to wrap any code rendering and triggering updates to your components into act() calls. Testing libraries can also wrap their APIs with it (for example, react-testing-library ’s render and fireEvent utilities do this). For example, the counter example from this page can be tested like this: import React from 'react' ; import ReactDOM from 'react-dom' ; import { act } from 'react-dom/test-utils' ; import Counter from './Counter' ; let container ; beforeEach ( ( ) => { container = document . createElement ( 'div' ) ; document . body . appendChild ( container ) ; } ) ; afterEach ( ( ) => { document . body . removeChild ( container ) ; container = null ; } ) ; it ( 'can render and update a counter' , ( ) => { // Test first render and effect act ( ( ) => { ReactDOM . render ( < Counter /> , container ) ; } ) ; const button = container . querySelector ( 'button' ) ; const label = container . querySelector ( 'p' ) ; expect ( label . textContent ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 0 times' ) ; expect ( document . title ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 0 times' ) ; // Test second render and effect act ( ( ) => { button . dispatchEvent ( new MouseEvent ( 'click' , { bubbles : true } ) ) ; } ) ; expect ( label . textContent ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 1 times' ) ; expect ( document . title ) . toBe ( 'You clicked 1 times' ) ; } ) ; The calls to act() will also flush the effects inside of them. If you need to test a custom Hook, you can do so by creating a component in your test, and using your Hook from it. Then you can test the component you wrote. To reduce the boilerplate, we recommend using react-testing-library which is designed to encourage writing tests that use your components as the end users do. Thanks We’d like to thank everybody who commented on the Hooks RFC for sharing their feedback. We’ve read all of your comments and made some adjustments to the final API based on them. Installation React React v16.8.0 is available on the npm registry. To install React 16 with Yarn, run: yarn add react@^16.8.0 react-dom@^16.8.0 To install React 16 with npm, run: npm install --save react@^16.8.0 react-dom@^16.8.0 We also provide UMD builds of React via a CDN: < script crossorigin src = " https://unpkg.com/react@16/umd/react.production.min.js " > </ script > < script crossorigin src = " https://unpkg.com/react-dom@16/umd/react-dom.production.min.js " > </ script > Refer to the documentation for detailed installation instructions . ESLint Plugin for React Hooks Note As mentioned above, we strongly recommend using the eslint-plugin-react-hooks lint rule. If you’re using Create React App, instead of manually configuring ESLint you can wait for the next version of react-scripts which will come out shortly and will include this rule. Assuming you already have ESLint installed, run: # npm npm install eslint-plugin-react-hooks --save-dev # yarn yarn add eslint-plugin-react-hooks --dev Then add it to your ESLint configuration: { "plugins" : [ // ... "react-hooks" ] , "rules" : { // ... "react-hooks/rules-of-hooks" : "error" } } Changelog React Add Hooks — a way to use state and other React features without writing a class. ( @acdlite et al. in #13968 ) Improve the useReducer Hook lazy initialization API. ( @acdlite in #14723 ) React DOM Bail out of rendering on identical values for useState and useReducer Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14569 ) Don’t compare the first argument passed to useEffect / useMemo / useCallback Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14594 ) Use Object.is algorithm for comparing useState and useReducer values. ( @Jessidhia in #14752 ) Support synchronous thenables passed to React.lazy() . ( @gaearon in #14626 ) Render components with Hooks twice in Strict Mode (DEV-only) to match class behavior. ( @gaearon in #14654 ) Warn about mismatching Hook order in development. ( @threepointone in #14585 and @acdlite in #14591 ) Effect clean-up functions must return either undefined or a function. All other values, including null , are not allowed. @acdlite in #14119 React Test Renderer Support Hooks in the shallow renderer. ( @trueadm in #14567 ) Fix wrong state in shouldComponentUpdate in the presence of getDerivedStateFromProps for Shallow Renderer. ( @chenesan in #14613 ) Add ReactTestRenderer.act() and ReactTestUtils.act() for batching updates so that tests more closely match real behavior. ( @threepointone in #14744 ) ESLint Plugin: React Hooks Initial release . ( @calebmer in #13968 ) Fix reporting after encountering a loop. ( @calebmer and @Yurickh in #14661 ) Don’t consider throwing to be a rule violation. ( @sophiebits in #14040 ) Hooks Changelog Since Alpha Versions The above changelog contains all notable changes since our last stable release (16.7.0). As with all our minor releases , none of the changes break backwards compatibility. If you’re currently using Hooks from an alpha build of React, note that this release does contain some small breaking changes to Hooks. We don’t recommend depending on alphas in production code. We publish them so we can make changes in response to community feedback before the API is stable. Here are all breaking changes to Hooks that have been made since the first alpha release: Remove useMutationEffect . ( @sophiebits in #14336 ) Rename useImperativeMethods to useImperativeHandle . ( @threepointone in #14565 ) Bail out of rendering on identical values for useState and useReducer Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14569 ) Don’t compare the first argument passed to useEffect / useMemo / useCallback Hooks. ( @acdlite in #14594 ) Use Object.is algorithm for comparing useState and useReducer values. ( @Jessidhia in #14752 ) Render components with Hooks twice in Strict Mode (DEV-only). ( @gaearon in #14654 ) Improve the useReducer Hook lazy initialization API. ( @acdlite in #14723 ) Is this page useful? Edit this page Recent Posts React Labs: What We've Been Working On – June 2022 React v18.0 How to Upgrade to React 18 React Conf 2021 Recap The Plan for React 18 Introducing Zero-Bundle-Size React Server Components React v17.0 Introducing the New JSX Transform React v17.0 Release Candidate: No New Features React v16.13.0 All posts ... Docs Installation Main Concepts Advanced Guides API Reference Hooks Testing Contributing FAQ Channels GitHub Stack Overflow Discussion Forums Reactiflux Chat DEV Community Facebook Twitter Community Code of Conduct Community Resources More Tutorial Blog Acknowledgements React Native Privacy Terms Copyright © 2025 Meta Platforms, Inc. | 2026-01-13T08:49:12 |
https://dev.to/t/odoo/page/3#main-content | Odoo Page 3 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close # odoo Follow Hide Create Post Older #odoo posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu OWL JS 01 — Why Odoo Created OWL: A Framework Built for Modularity Trishan Fernando Trishan Fernando Trishan Fernando Follow Mar 31 '25 OWL JS 01 — Why Odoo Created OWL: A Framework Built for Modularity # odoo # owl # odooddevelopment # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read Issue with Odoo Multi-Company Setup: Access Rights Not Working James Scott James Scott James Scott Follow Mar 8 '25 Issue with Odoo Multi-Company Setup: Access Rights Not Working # odoo # multicompany # accessrights # odoo14 Comments Add Comment 1 min read Odoo API Integration Services: A Game Changer for Manufacturing ERP Solutions Nirav Parmar Nirav Parmar Nirav Parmar Follow Apr 11 '25 Odoo API Integration Services: A Game Changer for Manufacturing ERP Solutions # odoo # erp # api # software 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Odoo 16 Modules to Odoo 18 Migration Guide WebbyCrown Solutions WebbyCrown Solutions WebbyCrown Solutions Follow for WebbyCrown Solutions Apr 10 '25 Odoo 16 Modules to Odoo 18 Migration Guide # migration # odoo # erp # odoo18 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read 6 Must-Have Features in a Modern ERP System Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Follow Apr 9 '25 6 Must-Have Features in a Modern ERP System # erp # software # odoo 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read Upgrading Odoo Expensive or Cheaper? WebbyCrown Solutions WebbyCrown Solutions WebbyCrown Solutions Follow for WebbyCrown Solutions Mar 10 '25 Upgrading Odoo Expensive or Cheaper? # odooexpensive # odoo # odoopricing Comments Add Comment 6 min read What is ERP? Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Follow Mar 18 '25 What is ERP? # erp # odoo # webdev 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Expert Odoo Training for Companies – Improve Productivity Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Follow Apr 4 '25 Expert Odoo Training for Companies – Improve Productivity # odoo # erp 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read ERP Implementation Challenges and How to Overcome Them Nirav Parmar Nirav Parmar Nirav Parmar Follow Mar 31 '25 ERP Implementation Challenges and How to Overcome Them # odoo # erp # python # softwaredevelopment 7 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read Why Every Hardware Store Needs a Management System in 2025 Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Follow Mar 28 '25 Why Every Hardware Store Needs a Management System in 2025 # odoo # erp # businessmanagement 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read How a POS Retail Solution Can Boost Your Sales and Customer Satisfaction Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Follow Mar 27 '25 How a POS Retail Solution Can Boost Your Sales and Customer Satisfaction # possoftware # erp # odoo 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why Real Estate Agents Should Invest in CRM Software Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Follow Mar 26 '25 Why Real Estate Agents Should Invest in CRM Software # crmsoftware # epr # odoo 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read 10 Signs Your Business Needs an ERP System Today Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Follow Mar 24 '25 10 Signs Your Business Needs an ERP System Today # erp # erpsoftware # odoo 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read ERP Software: A Complete Guide to Implementation, Customization, and Industry-Specific Solutions Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Follow Mar 22 '25 ERP Software: A Complete Guide to Implementation, Customization, and Industry-Specific Solutions # odoo # erp # webdev 10 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read 10 Best POS Systems for Small Businesses in 2025 Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Follow Mar 13 '25 10 Best POS Systems for Small Businesses in 2025 # 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possoftware # erp # odoo # webdev 10 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read How to Integrate Blockchain with Odoo and Shopify WebbyCrown Solutions WebbyCrown Solutions WebbyCrown Solutions Follow for WebbyCrown Solutions Mar 6 '25 How to Integrate Blockchain with Odoo and Shopify # odoo # blockchainwithodoo # odooblockchainintegration Comments Add Comment 4 min read Importance of PMS in Real Estate and Construction Industries Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Follow Mar 5 '25 Importance of PMS in Real Estate and Construction Industries # odoo # opensource # erp # webdev 11 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read 10 Powerful Features of CRM Advance to Boost Business Growth Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Follow Feb 27 '25 10 Powerful Features of CRM Advance to Boost Business Growth # odoo # erp # webdev # crm 11 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Auto Parts Inventory Management: A Must-Have for Automotive Businesses Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Follow Feb 26 '25 Auto Parts Inventory Management: A Must-Have for Automotive Businesses # odoo # erp # webdev # opensource 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Streamline Rentals with a Property Management System Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Bhavesh Gangani Follow Feb 25 '25 Streamline Rentals with a Property Management System # opensource # odoo 10 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read Selecting the Right ERP for Singapore SMEs: Why Odoo Deserves Attention Deeraj Deeraj Deeraj Follow Jan 21 '25 Selecting the Right ERP for Singapore SMEs: Why Odoo Deserves Attention # webdev # productivity # odoo Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/trishan_fernando | Trishan Fernando - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Trishan Fernando Junior Web Dev Joined Joined on Feb 12, 2025 Education University of Moratuwa BSc Hons in Information Technology Work Junior Odoo Developer at Crede Technologies More info about @trishan_fernando Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Currently learning Python JavaScript Post 4 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 19 tags followed GitPulse: GitHub Trending Tool Trishan Fernando Trishan Fernando Trishan Fernando Follow Dec 23 '25 GitPulse: GitHub Trending Tool # python # github # restapi # cli 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Comet Browser : Perplexity’s Thinking Browser Trishan Fernando Trishan Fernando Trishan Fernando Follow Oct 8 '25 Comet Browser : Perplexity’s Thinking Browser # ai # learning # webdev # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read Adding Field Attributes to multiple fields at once in Odoo Trishan Fernando Trishan Fernando Trishan Fernando Follow Apr 2 '25 Adding Field Attributes to multiple fields at once in Odoo # odoo # python Comments Add Comment 3 min read OWL JS 01 — Why Odoo Created OWL: A Framework Built for Modularity Trishan Fernando Trishan Fernando Trishan Fernando Follow Mar 31 '25 OWL JS 01 — Why Odoo Created OWL: A Framework Built for Modularity # odoo # owl # odooddevelopment # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:12 |
https://dev.to/bingkahu/seeking-peer-connections-for-codechat-p2p-testing-4inh#main-content | Seeking Peer Connections for CodeChat P2P Testing - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse bingkahu Posted on Jan 12 Seeking Peer Connections for CodeChat P2P Testing # coding # github # watercooler # gamedev Project Overview I am currently testing the stability of CodeChat , a decentralized communication tool built with vanilla JavaScript and PeerJS. Unlike traditional messaging apps, this platform establishes direct WebRTC links between browsers, bypasses central databases, and ensures that data stays between the two connected nodes. Connection Invitation I am looking to establish active peer links to test the performance of the data channels and the "Identity Vault" local authentication system. How to Test it If you are interested in testing the node-to-node link: Access the repository at https://github.com/bingkahu/p2p-comms . Open the application in a modern browser. Use the 8-Digit Room ID provided in the sidebar to link your node with another persons ID (If you do not have another person you can simply open another tab, open the same link use your own account and test it by messaging yourself). Current Testing Focus Latency: Measuring message delivery speed across different network environments. Admin Controls: Testing the master broadcast and session wipe functions. UI Feedback: Evaluating the glassmorphism interface across various screen resolutions. Future Technical Milestones End-to-End Encryption: Integrating SubtleCrypto for payload security. P2P File Buffering: Enabling direct document transfer via ArrayBuffer streams. Contact and Collaboration For more detailed technical discussions or to coordinate a specific testing window, please contact me directly: Email: mgrassi1@outlook.com GitHub: bingkahu Legal and Privacy Notice By connecting to this prototype, you acknowledge that this is an experimental P2P environment. No data is stored on a server, but your Peer ID is visible to the connected party to facilitate the link. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse bingkahu Follow Full-stack developer focused on decentralized communication and privacy-centric web applications. Lead maintainer of CodeChat, an open-source peer-to-peer messaging platform built on WebRTC and PeerJS Education School Work Student Joined Jan 11, 2026 More from bingkahu I let an AI with "20 years experience" architect my project and it was a disaster # github # opensource # ai # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:12 |
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