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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close About Open Forem Welcome to Open Forem! The Town Square of the Forem Ecosystem Hello and welcome! We're glad you're here. The Forem ecosystem is home to many vibrant, focused communities. But what about the conversations that don't quite fit into a single niche? The random shower thoughts, the broad questions, the fascinating links you just have to share? That's why Open Forem exists. This is our digital commons—a place for open discussion, cross-disciplinary ideas, and the kind of conversations that connect us all. If it doesn't have a dedicated home elsewhere, it belongs here. What We're All About Our mission is simple: to provide a welcoming space for any and all constructive conversations. 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https://pythonbooks.org | Find the best Python books - pythonbooks.org Toggle navigation pythonbooks Beginner Intermediate Language mastery Application walk-through All books for intermediate Python programmers Topical Algorithm and Data Structure Audio and Music Biology Computer Security DevOps and Testing Engineering Finance Geographic Information System GUI Development Graphics and Computer Vision High Performance Computing Machine Learning and AI Microcontrollers Network programming Natural Language Processing Numerical Programming and Data Mining Raspberry Pi Web Scraping Web Development All topical books Others Featured books of the month Kid's books Books for experienced programmers new to Python Reference books Free books Find the best Python books Ranked by popularity. Grouped intelligently. Updated monthly! 1. Featured books of the month Want to see the best recently published Python books? Check out our monthly lists. 2. For beginning programmers Want to start programming? This section contains the best books for you. 3. For intermediate Python programmers 3.1 Language mastery You already know the basics and want to master the language? This section contains the best books for you. They discuss advanced features, best practices, optimization techniques, design patterns etc. 3.2 Application walk-through You know the basics of Python and want to apply it in realistic projects? This section contains the best books for you. They guide you through a few realistic applications of Python. 4. Reference books Need a handy reference book for looking up documentation or recipes? This section contains the best reference books and cookbooks. 5. Topical books Want to master a specific application or topic using Python? Check out the best Python books in the following topics. 5.1 Algorithm and Data Structure 5.2 Audio and Music 5.3 Biology 5.4 Computer Security 5.5 DevOps and Testing 5.6 Engineering 5.7 Finance 5.8 Geographic Information System 5.9 GUI Development 5.10 Graphics and Computer Vision 5.11 High Performance Computing 5.12 Machine Learning and AI 5.13 Microcontrollers 5.14 Network programming 5.15 Natural Language Processing 5.16 Numerical Programming and Data Mining 5.17 Raspberry Pi 5.18 Web Scraping 5.19 Web Development 6. For experienced programmers new to Python For experienced programmers who do not want to read an absolute beginner's book, this section contains a subset of topical and reference books that include a very condensed introduction to Python. You will be able to read them straightaway without going through a beginner's course or book. 7. For kids Kid-friendly Python books. 8. Free books Freely available Python books. We can update you about the very best Python books coming out every month. Update me! pythonbooks About • Contact Made while drinking 🍺 in Munich. | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://dev.to/grahamthedev | GrahamTheDev - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions GrahamTheDev Accessibility Specialist. I focus on ensuring content created, events held and company assets are as accessible as possible, for as many people as possible. Location United Kingdown Joined Joined on Jan 2, 2021 twitter website Work Head of Accessibility - SFG20 Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close 8 Top 7 Awarded for having a post featured in the weekly "must-reads" list. 🙌 Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close #howtodevto Hero Rewarded for giving helpful advice about how to use DEV. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close JavaScript Awarded to the top JavaScript author each week Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close 8 Week Community Wellness Streak Consistency pays off! Be an active part of our community by posting at least 2 comments per week for 8 straight weeks. Earn the 16 Week Badge next. Got it Close 4 Week Community Wellness Streak Keep contributing to discussions by posting at least 2 comments per week for 4 straight weeks. Unlock the 8 Week Badge next. Got it Close 1 Week Community Wellness Streak For actively engaging with the community by posting at least 2 comments in a single week. Got it Close 2 Week Community Wellness Streak Keep the community conversation going! Post at least 2 comments for 2 straight weeks and unlock the 4 Week Badge. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close CSS Awarded to the top CSS author each week Got it Close 16 Week Writing Streak You are a writing star! You've written at least one post per week for 16 straight weeks. Congratulations! Got it Close A11y For the top weekly post in the #a11y tag Got it Close 8 Week Writing Streak The streak continues! You've written at least one post per week for 8 consecutive weeks. Unlock the 16-week badge next! Got it Close 4 Week Writing Streak You've posted at least one post per week for 4 consecutive weeks! Got it Close Beloved Comment Awarded for making a well-loved comment, as voted on with 25 heart (❤️) reactions by the community. Got it Close Show all 26 badges More info about @grahamthedev Organizations tota11y.dev Skills/Languages HTML, CSS, Vanilla JS, NodeJS and hopefully soon back to PHP mastery after years of ignoring PHP! Currently learning Back to the land of PHP for me in 2022! After looking at it for a few months the performance gains and improvements to the language have made it interesting again. PHP 8 FTW! Currently hacking on Building "the ultimate portfolio site". Available for Talks, webinars and podcasts. I specialise in accessibility so if you want someone on your podcast / in your space discussing accessibility then hit me up! Post 118 posts published Comment 2499 comments written Tag 1 tag followed Pin Pinned Sharing Code Snippets on Social Media, the accessible way! [Quicka11y] GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow for tota11y.dev Sep 19 '23 Sharing Code Snippets on Social Media, the accessible way! [Quicka11y] # webdev # socialmedia # a11y # tutorial 86 reactions Comments 27 comments 5 min read 101 Digital Accessibility (a11y) tips and tricks GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Jul 30 '21 101 Digital Accessibility (a11y) tips and tricks # webdev # html # a11y # beginners 614 reactions Comments 60 comments 68 min read I was shocked 😱 that placeholder text on an <input> (instead of a <label>) might TECHNICALLY PASS WCAG⁉ Do you agree? GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Jul 15 '21 I was shocked 😱 that placeholder text on an <input> (instead of a <label>) might TECHNICALLY PASS WCAG⁉ Do you agree? # discuss # a11y # html # webdev 43 reactions Comments 25 comments 10 min read Mean Time to Understanding 🤔: The Irreducible Human Element in the Age of Infinite Code 🤖. GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Dec 21 '25 Mean Time to Understanding 🤔: The Irreducible Human Element in the Age of Infinite Code 🤖. # ai # webdev # programming 86 reactions Comments 23 comments 16 min read Want to connect with GrahamTheDev? Create an account to connect with GrahamTheDev. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in DOOM...*rendered* using a single DIV and CSS! 🤯🔫💥 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow May 10 '25 DOOM...*rendered* using a single DIV and CSS! 🤯🔫💥 # javascript # css # webdev # webassembly 162 reactions Comments 34 comments 7 min read VibeScript - GenZ programming language GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Apr 16 '25 VibeScript - GenZ programming language # ai # javascript # webdev # programming 69 reactions Comments 33 comments 3 min read Single div ACTUALLY 3D cube📦 in Pure CSS! (They said it was impossible!) GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Feb 12 '25 Single div ACTUALLY 3D cube📦 in Pure CSS! (They said it was impossible!) # showdev # css # webdev # codepen 53 reactions Comments 10 comments 9 min read The Perceptron! [visually see an AI learn in real time! 👀] GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Feb 3 '25 The Perceptron! [visually see an AI learn in real time! 👀] # ai # machinelearning # javascript # beginners 59 reactions Comments 8 comments 10 min read The <sarcasm> 🙄 component - now Brits can finally be understood on the web! GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Jan 25 '25 The <sarcasm> 🙄 component - now Brits can finally be understood on the web! # programming # javascript # css # webdev 73 reactions Comments 35 comments 2 min read True Alphanumeric / natural sorting in MySQL - why is the answer always recursion? GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Nov 17 '24 True Alphanumeric / natural sorting in MySQL - why is the answer always recursion? # mysql # sql # webdev # programming 35 reactions Comments 7 comments 4 min read Alphanumeric / Natural sort in MySQL - 30 years and we still can't do this? 😤 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Nov 16 '24 Alphanumeric / Natural sort in MySQL - 30 years and we still can't do this? 😤 # mysql # webdev # sql # programming 34 reactions Comments 9 comments 13 min read window.ai - running AI LOCALLY from DevTools! 🤯 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Jun 30 '24 window.ai - running AI LOCALLY from DevTools! 🤯 # ai # webdev # javascript 217 reactions Comments 29 comments 5 min read Video encoded as emojis⁉️ Stored in a DB? 😱🤯 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Apr 23 '24 Video encoded as emojis⁉️ Stored in a DB? 😱🤯 # javascript # postgres # webdev # programming 87 reactions Comments 17 comments 9 min read AI "interviewer"...I rarely want companies to fail but... GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Apr 16 '24 AI "interviewer"...I rarely want companies to fail but... # webdev # ai 70 reactions Comments 13 comments 7 min read Snake...in pure HTML⁉️ [no JS, no CSS, no images!!] 😱 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Mar 8 '24 Snake...in pure HTML⁉️ [no JS, no CSS, no images!!] 😱 # html # php # webdev # programming 155 reactions Comments 56 comments 9 min read GitHub Readme: Responsive? 🤔 Animated? 🤯 Light and dark modes? 😱 You bet! 💪🏼 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Jan 19 '24 GitHub Readme: Responsive? 🤔 Animated? 🤯 Light and dark modes? 😱 You bet! 💪🏼 # github # opensource # webdev # css 381 reactions Comments 59 comments 6 min read CRUD and SQL - the basics! GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Jan 8 '24 CRUD and SQL - the basics! # webdev # sql # beginners # programming 64 reactions Comments 9 comments 5 min read Bootcamps don't teach you this... GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Nov 20 '23 Bootcamps don't teach you this... # a11y # webdev # programming # beginners 20 reactions Comments 5 comments 3 min read 🎃🦇 HTMLoween🦇🎃 HTML, CSS and JS that'll make you scream! 😱 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Oct 31 '23 🎃🦇 HTMLoween🦇🎃 HTML, CSS and JS that'll make you scream! 😱 # html # css # javascript # webdev 57 reactions Comments 9 comments 4 min read 😱 Pure CSS! Neural Network / AI...it's easier than you think! 🤯 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Oct 30 '23 😱 Pure CSS! Neural Network / AI...it's easier than you think! 🤯 # webdev # css # tutorial # programming 76 reactions Comments 8 comments 9 min read If movies were all about software development. GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Oct 29 '23 If movies were all about software development. # watercooler # jokes # memes 35 reactions Comments 5 comments 2 min read Bubble Sort...in PURE CSS? [No JS] 😱 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Oct 14 '23 Bubble Sort...in PURE CSS? [No JS] 😱 # css # dsa # webdev # html 140 reactions Comments 24 comments 4 min read 🧠 An AI / neural network...in vanilla JS! 😱 With no libraries! 🤯 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Oct 13 '23 🧠 An AI / neural network...in vanilla JS! 😱 With no libraries! 🤯 # ai # javascript # beginners # webdev 285 reactions Comments 21 comments 16 min read Nearly Accessible* ANIMATED Accordion: in pure CSS??? No way! 😱 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Oct 1 '23 Nearly Accessible* ANIMATED Accordion: in pure CSS??? No way! 😱 # css # tutorial # webdev # a11y 108 reactions Comments 22 comments 13 min read Accordions: 1, 5 and 10 minute versions...all accessible [quicka11y] GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow for tota11y.dev Sep 26 '23 Accordions: 1, 5 and 10 minute versions...all accessible [quicka11y] # javascript # css # webdev # a11y 53 reactions Comments 6 comments 6 min read Conway's game of life...in pure SQL [Postgres]! 💪🏼🤯 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Aug 27 '23 Conway's game of life...in pure SQL [Postgres]! 💪🏼🤯 # postgres # sql # webdev # programming 87 reactions Comments 20 comments 9 min read Impossible⁉️ CSS only syntax highlighting 😱 ...with a single element and GRADIENTS 🤯 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Aug 16 '23 Impossible⁉️ CSS only syntax highlighting 😱 ...with a single element and GRADIENTS 🤯 # css # html # javascript # webdev 147 reactions Comments 23 comments 6 min read AI and Ethics [Chapter 1] GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Feb 23 '23 AI and Ethics [Chapter 1] # discuss 65 reactions Comments 11 comments 19 min read We are entering a new age: The creation age GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Feb 22 '23 We are entering a new age: The creation age # discuss # ai # watercooler # machinelearning 114 reactions Comments 66 comments 4 min read Asking AI what it thinks programming languages look like! GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Feb 15 '23 Asking AI what it thinks programming languages look like! # welcome # community # networking 57 reactions Comments 24 comments 5 min read So I got a job 🎉...and I am as shocked as you are! 🤯 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Mar 4 '22 So I got a job 🎉...and I am as shocked as you are! 🤯 # watercooler # writing # career # webdev 120 reactions Comments 93 comments 4 min read I Am Warning You Don't Click! GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Mar 2 '22 I Am Warning You Don't Click! # watercooler # discuss # html # meta 40 reactions Comments 20 comments 1 min read It *IS* possible to get a voice here! [tips to grow on DEV.to + a mini rant!] GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Feb 24 '22 It *IS* possible to get a voice here! [tips to grow on DEV.to + a mini rant!] # discuss # writing # watercooler # meta 83 reactions Comments 102 comments 16 min read Did you know there are 4 and 8 digit hex codes (#11223344?) for colours? 🤯 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Jan 6 '22 Did you know there are 4 and 8 digit hex codes (#11223344?) for colours? 🤯 # css # codepen # beginners # webdev 97 reactions Comments 20 comments 5 min read Conversion Rate Optimisation [🎯 EP0: Series introduction and posts for the year! 📈] GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Jan 3 '22 Conversion Rate Optimisation [🎯 EP0: Series introduction and posts for the year! 📈] 26 reactions Comments 4 comments 8 min read WCAG in plain English [🦾 EP0: Series introduction and posts for the year! 🦾] GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Jan 3 '22 WCAG in plain English [🦾 EP0: Series introduction and posts for the year! 🦾] 29 reactions Comments 6 comments 5 min read Ultimate UI [💻 EP0: Series introduction and posts for the year! 🎨] GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Jan 3 '22 Ultimate UI [💻 EP0: Series introduction and posts for the year! 🎨] 43 reactions Comments 9 comments 4 min read My writing stats for 2021, best time to post on DEV and plans for 2022-2023 [over 250 articles planned] GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Jan 3 '22 My writing stats for 2021, best time to post on DEV and plans for 2022-2023 [over 250 articles planned] 124 reactions Comments 37 comments 8 min read CSS can help improve your HTML⁉ - Ep 2: buttons and links. GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Dec 15 '21 CSS can help improve your HTML⁉ - Ep 2: buttons and links. # html # css # a11y # tutorial 168 reactions Comments 28 comments 6 min read CSS can help improve your HTML⁉ - Ep 1: alt attributes GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Dec 11 '21 CSS can help improve your HTML⁉ - Ep 1: alt attributes # css # html # a11y # tutorial 284 reactions Comments 18 comments 7 min read Web3 - just your typical post! GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Dec 6 '21 Web3 - just your typical post! # discuss # web3 # webdev # blockchain 91 reactions Comments 38 comments 4 min read The importance of accessibility in digital products! 💪 [I promise you will read this twice!] GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Dec 5 '21 The importance of accessibility in digital products! 💪 [I promise you will read this twice!] # a11y # webdev # html # css 58 reactions Comments 26 comments 5 min read Feature update: Markdown toolbar - I give it ⭐⭐⭐ but it is a good start! GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Nov 29 '21 Feature update: Markdown toolbar - I give it ⭐⭐⭐ but it is a good start! # discuss # ux # webdev # a11y 47 reactions Comments 7 comments 7 min read DON'T add a video background to your landing page to make it more gorgeous [TW: gratuitous swearing] GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Nov 26 '21 DON'T add a video background to your landing page to make it more gorgeous [TW: gratuitous swearing] # a11y # webdev 61 reactions Comments 26 comments 5 min read 🤯 Did you know there are F13-F24 keys? 🤯 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Nov 23 '21 🤯 Did you know there are F13-F24 keys? 🤯 # discuss # todayilearned # watercooler 42 reactions Comments 25 comments 2 min read 🤷♂️ Chrome just changed emojis to outlines in headings? 🤷♂️ I have a fix for your site! 💪 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Nov 20 '21 🤷♂️ Chrome just changed emojis to outlines in headings? 🤷♂️ I have a fix for your site! 💪 # discuss # webdev # css # codepen 63 reactions Comments 32 comments 2 min read An Ode to jQuery (and a 1kb alternative!) GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Nov 18 '21 An Ode to jQuery (and a 1kb alternative!) # watercooler # javascript # webdev # discuss 51 reactions Comments 7 comments 5 min read YOU are helping Google build Self Driving cars! 🤯 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Nov 12 '21 YOU are helping Google build Self Driving cars! 🤯 # watercooler # a11y # webdev # discuss 49 reactions Comments 13 comments 5 min read Ask your burning accessibility questions today! GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Nov 6 '21 Ask your burning accessibility questions today! # a11y # beginners # webdev 13 reactions Comments 5 comments 2 min read How to send Dick pics to people's DMs that are welcomed! GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Nov 5 '21 How to send Dick pics to people's DMs that are welcomed! # watercooler # twitter # webdev 33 reactions Comments 8 comments 3 min read dApps / Web3 - Help me finally understand / ELI5! GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Nov 4 '21 dApps / Web3 - Help me finally understand / ELI5! # explainlikeimfive # web3 # webdev # discuss 64 reactions Comments 21 comments 2 min read Do you own a domain name without a purpose? Let me give you a project for it! GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Nov 1 '21 Do you own a domain name without a purpose? Let me give you a project for it! # watercooler # discuss # webdev # startup 162 reactions Comments 149 comments 2 min read 🎃🦇 HTMLoween 🦇🎃 - HTML, JS and CSS to make your blood boil! 😱 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Oct 31 '21 🎃🦇 HTMLoween 🦇🎃 - HTML, JS and CSS to make your blood boil! 😱 # html # css # javascript # webdev 192 reactions Comments 35 comments 4 min read I just bought 👩💻👨💻.to! GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Oct 29 '21 I just bought 👩💻👨💻.to! # discuss # webdev # showdev 75 reactions Comments 46 comments 2 min read Facebook REBRANDS to Meta? 😲 Does it mean FAANG is now MANGA? GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Oct 29 '21 Facebook REBRANDS to Meta? 😲 Does it mean FAANG is now MANGA? # discuss # webdev 35 reactions Comments 16 comments 2 min read Is "AI" generated music finally useful? [for Indie Game Devs] GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Oct 10 '21 Is "AI" generated music finally useful? [for Indie Game Devs] # discuss # webdev # machinelearning # gamedev 68 reactions Comments 16 comments 3 min read 🏴☠️ STEAL THIS 👮♀️ - My 15 box method for generating content ideas and content recycling GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Oct 7 '21 🏴☠️ STEAL THIS 👮♀️ - My 15 box method for generating content ideas and content recycling # discuss # writing # webdev # productivity 57 reactions Comments 13 comments 7 min read Creating an Infinitely Zooming image (for ANTI-divtober 😉) GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Oct 4 '21 Creating an Infinitely Zooming image (for ANTI-divtober 😉) # showdev # codepen # javascript # css 42 reactions Comments 4 comments 1 min read 😡 Fine...you want CSS art you got it! 💪 My first ever CSS art. GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Sep 24 '21 😡 Fine...you want CSS art you got it! 💪 My first ever CSS art. # showdev # css # html # codepen 53 reactions Comments 28 comments 2 min read Rate my SVG art! [Compared to CSS art] GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Sep 23 '21 Rate my SVG art! [Compared to CSS art] # showdev # css # html # codepen 183 reactions Comments 43 comments 3 min read ⌨️ An ACTUAL typewriter (that auto types and is interactive too!) 🤯 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Sep 11 '21 ⌨️ An ACTUAL typewriter (that auto types and is interactive too!) 🤯 # showdev # html # javascript # webdev 160 reactions Comments 28 comments 1 min read How the 7 deadly sins 👿 will make you an Accessibility Expert! 😇 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Aug 30 '21 How the 7 deadly sins 👿 will make you an Accessibility Expert! 😇 # a11y # webdev # javascript 193 reactions Comments 37 comments 8 min read Creating content but getting no engagement? 😭 A community that can help! 💪 GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Aug 28 '21 Creating content but getting no engagement? 😭 A community that can help! 💪 # writing # twitter # career # webdev 98 reactions Comments 104 comments 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Case Study: Designing a Chat System (Meta / WhatsApp–Style) This section answers a common follow-up interview request: “Okay, now apply this thinking to a real problem.” We will do exactly that — without jumping to tools or architectures first . The goal is not to “design WhatsApp,” but to demonstrate how interviewers expect you to think . The Interview Question (Realistic & Common) “Design a chat system like WhatsApp.” This is a real company interview question asked (in variants) at: Meta Uber Amazon Stripe Most candidates fail this question not because it’s hard, but because they start in the wrong place . What Most Candidates Do (Wrong Start) Typical opening: “We’ll use WebSockets” “We’ll use Kafka” “We’ll shard by user ID” This skips reasoning. A strong candidate pauses and applies the checklist. Applying the First-Principles Checklist Live We will apply the same five questions , in order, and show what problems naturally surface. 1. State “Where does state live? When is it durable?” Ask This Out Loud in the Interview What information must the chat system remember for it to function correctly? Identify Required State (No Design Yet) Users Conversations Messages Message delivery status Now ask: Which of this state must never be lost? Answer: Messages (core product) Conversation membership First-Principles Conclusion Messages must be persisted In-memory-only solutions are insufficient What the Interviewer Sees You identified correctness-critical state before touching architecture. 2. Time “How long does each step take?” Now we introduce time. Break the Chat Flow User sends message Message is stored Message is delivered to recipient(s) Ask: Which of these must be fast? Sending a message → must feel instant Delivery → may be delayed (offline users) Critical Question Does the sender wait for delivery confirmation? If yes: Latency depends on recipient availability If no: Sending and delivery are time-decoupled First-Principles Conclusion Message acceptance must be fast Delivery can happen later This naturally introduces asynchrony , without naming any tools. 3. Failure “What breaks independently?” Now assume failures — explicitly. Ask What happens if the system crashes after accepting a message but before delivery? Possible states: Message stored Recipient not notified yet Now ask: Can delivery be retried safely? This surfaces a key invariant: A message must not be delivered zero times or multiple times incorrectly. Failure Scenarios Discovered Duplicate delivery Message loss Inconsistent delivery status First-Principles Conclusion Message delivery must be idempotent Storage and delivery failures must be decoupled The interviewer now sees you understand distributed failure , not just happy paths. 4. Order “What defines correct sequence?” Now introduce multiple messages . Ask Does message order matter in a conversation? Answer: Yes — chat messages must appear in order Now ask the dangerous question: Does arrival order equal delivery order? In distributed systems: No guarantee Messages can: Be processed by different servers Experience different delays First-Principles Conclusion Ordering is part of correctness It must be explicitly modeled (e.g., sequence per conversation) This is a senior-level insight , derived from questioning alone. 5. Scale “What grows fastest under load?” Now — and only now — do we talk about scale. Ask As usage grows, what increases fastest? Likely answers: Number of messages Concurrent active connections Offline message backlog Now ask: What happens during spikes (e.g., group chats, viral events)? You discover: Hot conversations Uneven load Memory pressure from live connections First-Principles Conclusion The system must scale on messages , not users Load is not uniform What We Have Discovered (Before Any Design) Without choosing any tools, we now know: Messages must be durable Sending and delivery must be decoupled Failures must not cause duplicates or loss Ordering is a correctness requirement Message volume, not user count, dominates scale This is exactly what interviewers want to hear before you propose architecture. What Comes Next (And Why It’s Easy Now) Only after this reasoning does it make sense to talk about: Persistent storage Async delivery Streaming connections Partitioning strategies At this point, architecture choices are obvious , not arbitrary. Why This Approach Scores High in Interviews Interviewers are evaluating: How you reason under ambiguity Whether you surface hidden constraints Whether you understand failure modes They are not testing whether you know WhatsApp’s internals. This method shows: Structured thinking Calm problem decomposition Senior-level judgment Common Candidate Mistakes (Seen in This Question) Jumping to WebSockets without discussing durability Ignoring offline users Assuming message order “just works” Treating retries as harmless Talking about scale before correctness Every one of these mistakes is prevented by the checklist. Final Reinforcement: The Checklist (Again) Use this verbatim in interviews: Where does state live? When is it durable? Which steps are fast vs slow? What can fail independently? What defines correct order? What grows fastest under load? Final Mental Model Strong candidates design systems. Exceptional candidates design reasoning . 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # architecture # career # interview # systemdesign Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async Queue–Based Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # ui Follow Hide Tag dedicated to posts about user interface. Tips, tricks, techniques, approaches, etc. Create Post submission guidelines Just be respectful and make sure that your post actually talks about UI, rather than just mention it in passing. Older #ui posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Wireframes vs mockups vs prototypes — best practices for UI/UX agency workflows Pixel Mosaic Pixel Mosaic Pixel Mosaic Follow Jan 6 Wireframes vs mockups vs prototypes — best practices for UI/UX agency workflows # ux # ui # design # wireframes Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Make Any CSS Element Resizable 🔧 (Without JavaScript): Walid Chahmi Walid Chahmi Walid Chahmi Follow Jan 1 How to Make Any CSS Element Resizable 🔧 (Without JavaScript): # css # tutorial # ui Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to create reactive web page with JQuery Jahongir Sobirov Jahongir Sobirov Jahongir Sobirov Follow Jan 1 How to create reactive web page with JQuery # frontend # ui # tutorial # javascript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read The Subscription Economy Shift: Why Retention, Not Growth, Wins in 2026 paywallpro paywallpro paywallpro Follow Dec 31 '25 The Subscription Economy Shift: Why Retention, Not Growth, Wins in 2026 # ios # design # mobileapp # ui Comments Add Comment 3 min read RISC OS: A Non-POSIX Operating System That Grew With ARM Pʀᴀɴᴀᴠ Pʀᴀɴᴀᴠ Pʀᴀɴᴀᴠ Follow Dec 30 '25 RISC OS: A Non-POSIX Operating System That Grew With ARM # architecture # software # ui 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Android UI 위젯 완벽 가이드 dss99911 dss99911 dss99911 Follow Dec 31 '25 Android UI 위젯 완벽 가이드 # mobile # android # ui # widget Comments Add Comment 3 min read Onboarding First-Screen Trends: Emotional Hooks Are Back (Because They Never Left) paywallpro paywallpro paywallpro Follow Dec 30 '25 Onboarding First-Screen Trends: Emotional Hooks Are Back (Because They Never Left) # ios # design # mobile # ui Comments Add Comment 3 min read Getting Started with Tambo — Tambo Series P2 Taha Majlesi Pour Taha Majlesi Pour Taha Majlesi Pour Follow Dec 31 '25 Getting Started with Tambo — Tambo Series P2 # tambo # react # ui # ai Comments 1 comment 3 min read SwiftUI Hit-Testing & Event Propagation Internals Sebastien Lato Sebastien Lato Sebastien Lato Follow Dec 29 '25 SwiftUI Hit-Testing & Event Propagation Internals # swiftui # gestures # ui # internals Comments Add Comment 3 min read Play: UI Layouts in PureScript Anton Kiłka Anton Kiłka Anton Kiłka Follow Jan 11 Play: UI Layouts in PureScript # purescript # functional # ui # layouts Comments Add Comment 17 min read UI Tectonic Plates are on the Move? 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Follow Dec 28 '25 The Missing Middle in Linux Desktop Design # linux # ui # opensource # tooling Comments Add Comment 2 min read Documenting the Journey: Preparing for a Senior UI Engineer Role at ServiceNow Neweraofcoding Neweraofcoding Neweraofcoding Follow Dec 29 '25 Documenting the Journey: Preparing for a Senior UI Engineer Role at ServiceNow # devjournal # interview # career # ui Comments Add Comment 3 min read Unveiling the Threat of Clickjacking in Web Security Visakh Vijayan Visakh Vijayan Visakh Vijayan Follow Dec 29 '25 Unveiling the Threat of Clickjacking in Web Security # html # ui # security # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read Minimalism isn't a style. It's a growth strategy paywallpro paywallpro paywallpro Follow Dec 29 '25 Minimalism isn't a style. It's a growth strategy # ios # mobile # design # ui Comments Add Comment 5 min read Checkout UI Extensions 101 — Build Post-Purchase & Thank-You Page Customizations Sumeet Shroff Freelancer Sumeet Shroff Freelancer Sumeet Shroff Freelancer Follow Jan 1 Checkout UI Extensions 101 — Build Post-Purchase & Thank-You Page Customizations # beginners # ui # tutorial # javascript Comments Add Comment 4 min read As 10 Heurísticas de Nielsen Nathana Facion Nathana Facion Nathana Facion Follow Dec 27 '25 As 10 Heurísticas de Nielsen # frontend # ui # ux Comments Add Comment 2 min read Understanding the useEffect Dependency Array Usama Usama Usama Follow Dec 26 '25 Understanding the useEffect Dependency Array # performance # react # frontend # ui 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read How to Build a Global Refresh System in React Native Karim Mohammadi Karim Mohammadi Karim Mohammadi Follow Dec 26 '25 How to Build a Global Refresh System in React Native # react # reactnative # ui # typescript Comments Add Comment 2 min read Updating Screenshots to Match the Current UI Kalu Jennifer Kalu Jennifer Kalu Jennifer Follow Dec 26 '25 Updating Screenshots to Match the Current UI # documentation # opensource # ui Comments Add Comment 1 min read SwiftUI Gesture System Internals Sebastien Lato Sebastien Lato Sebastien Lato Follow Dec 24 '25 SwiftUI Gesture System Internals # ios # gestures # ui # architecture Comments Add Comment 3 min read UX Fixes That Lift Signup Conversion (Before/After with Data) Atumcode solutions Atumcode solutions Atumcode solutions Follow Dec 25 '25 UX Fixes That Lift Signup Conversion (Before/After with Data) # webdev # uxdesign # ui # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Free Tailwind CSS v4 Components for Vue 3 (Open Source) Jitendra Patel Jitendra Patel Jitendra Patel Follow Dec 24 '25 Free Tailwind CSS v4 Components for Vue 3 (Open Source) # webdev # programming # ui # tailwindcss Comments Add Comment 1 min read Why Most A/B Tests Fail in Subscription Apps paywallpro paywallpro paywallpro Follow Dec 24 '25 Why Most A/B Tests Fail in Subscription Apps # ios # mobile # design # ui Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Productivity Follow Hide Productivity includes tips on how to use tools and software, process optimization, useful references, experience, and mindstate optimization. Create Post submission guidelines Please check if your article contains information or discussion bases about productivity. From posts with the tag #productivity we expect tips on how to use tools and software, process optimization, useful references, experience, and mindstate optimization. Productivity is a very broad term with many aspects and topics. From the color design of the office to personal rituals, anything can contribute to increase / optimize your own productivity or that of a team. about #productivity Does my article fit the tag? It depends! 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Right menu Why Modular Monolith Architecture is the Key to Effective AI-Assisted Development ismail Cagdas ismail Cagdas ismail Cagdas Follow Jan 6 Why Modular Monolith Architecture is the Key to Effective AI-Assisted Development # ai # architecture # codequality # productivity 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Best Apple System Design Interview Resources I Used (And How They Helped Me) Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Jan 6 Best Apple System Design Interview Resources I Used (And How They Helped Me) # resources # career # systemdesign # productivity Comments Add Comment 5 min read 26 Mental Models to Build Better Products in 2026 cucoleadan cucoleadan cucoleadan Follow Jan 7 26 Mental Models to Build Better Products in 2026 # discuss # promptengineering # productivity # startup 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 23 min read Announcing Leave Script Behind — A New Way to Build and Use Script‑Driven Workflows Leave Script Behind Leave Script Behind Leave Script Behind Follow Jan 6 Announcing Leave Script Behind — A New Way to Build and Use Script‑Driven Workflows # programming # devops # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read The "Visual Debt" of Open Source: Why Your Readme is Leaking Users Juddiy Juddiy Juddiy Follow Jan 7 The "Visual Debt" of Open Source: Why Your Readme is Leaking Users # productivity # design # opensource # dx 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read The General-Purpose Agent Has Arrived Chris Korhonen Chris Korhonen Chris Korhonen Follow Jan 11 The General-Purpose Agent Has Arrived # ai # agents # productivity Comments 1 comment 6 min read Vibe Coding Is Real: Why Small Tools Beat Big Frameworks Sometimes Allisson Faiad Allisson Faiad Allisson Faiad Follow Jan 7 Vibe Coding Is Real: Why Small Tools Beat Big Frameworks Sometimes # discuss # productivity # vibecoding Comments Add Comment 2 min read All AIs in one app. Introducing OmniAI - Your AI Hub. 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https://www.git-tower.com/learn/git/ebook/en/desktop-gui/tools-services/code-hosting | Code Hosting Services | Learn Git Ebook (GUI Edition) Tower Navigation Features Undo Anything Just press Cmd+Z Drag and Drop Make the complex effortless Integrations Use your favorite tools Tower Workflows Branching Configurations Stacked Pull Requests Supercharged workflows All Features Release Notes Pricing Support Documentation Contact Us Account Login Learn Git Video Course 24 episodes Online Book From novice to master Cheat Sheets For quick lookup Webinar Learn from a Git professional First Aid Kit Recover from mistakes Advanced Git Kit Dive deeper Blog Download Download Code Hosting Services There are many services that host Git repositories. This chapter explains the most popular ones. Table of Contents Part 1 - The Basics What is Version Control? Why Use Version Control? Setting Up Git on Your Computer The Basic Workflow Starting with an Unversioned Project Starting with an Existing Project Working on Your Project Part 2 - Branching & Merging Branching can Change Your Life Working with Branches Saving Changes Temporarily Checking Out a Local Branch Merging Changes Branching Workflows Part 3 - Sharing Work via Remote Repositories Introduction to Remote Repositories Connecting a Remote Repository Inspecting Remote Data Integrating Remote Changes Publishing a Local Branch Deleting Branches Part 4 - Advanced Topics Undoing Things Inspecting Changes with Diffs Dealing with Merge Conflicts Rebase as an Alternative to Merge Submodules Forking Pull Requests Workflows with git-flow Handling Large Files with LFS Authentication with SSH Public Keys Part 5 - Tools & Services Diff & Merge Tools Code Hosting Services More Learning Resources Appendix Version Control Best Practices Switching from Subversion to Git Why Git? Learn on: Desktop GUI | Command Line Code Hosting Services Hosting your code becomes an important topic as soon as you want to start sharing it – and be it only with yourself on another machine. There are basically two different flavors of code hosting: do-it-yourself and leave-me-in-peace. (A) Do-It-Yourself Hosting a Git repository on your own server has a lot of advantages: It saves money you’d have to spend on code hosting services. It keeps your code in-house. And it generally gives you all the freedom in the world. But, of course, this also comes with some drawbacks: YOU are responsible for ensuring high availability / up-time of the server. YOU are responsible for making backups (that really, really work). YOU are responsible for keeping an eye on security and software updates. In the end, the hard part about hosting code is not the management of the Git repositories. It’s the management and maintenance of the server. Don’t get me wrong: the bottom line is NOT “stop hosting code yourself and use a code hosting service”. The bottom line is “be aware of what hosting your code yourself really means”. If you have enough expertise doing this yourself and if you’re willing to invest the time, hosting your repositories on your own server is perfect for you! (B) Leave-Me-In-Peace For most people, their core competence is not server maintenance. While a lot of people theoretically have the knowledge to do it themselves, they're often not proficient enough for this to make sense. By now, there are dozens of specialized service providers available that do all the server management, backup, and security stuff for you. We've compiled a short list of some of them to give you a quick overview. GitHub www.github.com GitHub is the most popular code hosting service in the Git world. Especially for OpenSource projects, GitHub is the go-to platform. GitLab about.gitlab.com GitLab offers a fast-evolving platform for code collaboration. The free community edition and the enterprise edition can be installed on your own servers; a hosted offering that runs on GitLab.com is also available. Microsoft Visual Studio Team Services www.visualstudio.com Not limited to Microsoft technologies, "Visual Studio Team Services" offers an open platform for any development stack. In addition to code hosting, the platform includes its own Continuous Integration service and agile planning tools for Scrum and Kanban teams. Bitbucket www.bitbucket.com Besides Git repositories, Bitbucket also offers hosting for the Mercurial VCS. It has a similar feature set as the GitHub platform, although it's not as popular in the OpenSource space. Beanstalk www.beanstalkapp.com Beanstalk offers hosting not only for Git repositories, but also for Subversion projects. Being a very lean and reliable service, Beanstalk is a great choice for businesses. 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https://forem.com/fabiorosado#main-content | Fabio Rosado - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Fabio Rosado I'm The Flying Dev - flight attendant by day and self-taught developer by night. Founder and host of the Landing in Tech podcast. Location Redhill, UK Joined Joined on Nov 28, 2017 Personal website https://fabiorosado.dev github website twitter website Work Flight Attendant Eight Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least eight years. Got it Close Seven Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least seven years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Six Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least six years. Got it Close Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Hacktoberfest 2022 Awarded for successful completion of the 2022 Hacktoberfest challenge. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Hacktoberfest 2020 Awarded for successful completion of the 2020 Hacktoberfest challenge. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close Hacktoberfest 2019 Awarded for successful completion of the 2019 Hacktoberfest challenge. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close More info about @fabiorosado Organizations AWS Community Builders GitHub Repositories opsdroid 🤖 An open source chat-ops bot framework Fork Python Skills/Languages Python, Git, Linux, React, Sass, Docker, Tailwind Currently learning AWS Currently hacking on Open Source - opsdroid Available for Chatting, networking, community building, freelance opportunities, job opportunities. Post 9 posts published Comment 47 comments written Tag 2 tags followed Command Line Tricks Fabio Rosado Fabio Rosado Fabio Rosado Follow Nov 18 '20 Command Line Tricks # productivity # terminal # beginners 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Want to connect with Fabio Rosado? Create an account to connect with Fabio Rosado. 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Sign in Hide your API Keys with Netlify Functions Fabio Rosado Fabio Rosado Fabio Rosado Follow Aug 16 '19 Hide your API Keys with Netlify Functions # react # tutorial # webdev 76 reactions Comments 22 comments 4 min read Handle form submission in Gatsby with Airtable Fabio Rosado Fabio Rosado Fabio Rosado Follow Mar 22 '19 Handle form submission in Gatsby with Airtable # gatsby # airtable # react 20 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read An alternative way to log your 100DaysOfCode Fabio Rosado Fabio Rosado Fabio Rosado Follow Jan 15 '19 An alternative way to log your 100DaysOfCode # beginners # 100daysofcode # project 22 reactions Comments 8 comments 3 min read For a week the Python world was a bit broken Fabio Rosado Fabio Rosado Fabio Rosado Follow Dec 11 '18 For a week the Python world was a bit broken # python # testing 9 reactions Comments 9 comments 2 min read Weather App: Using geolocation and Vue Fabio Rosado Fabio Rosado Fabio Rosado Follow Sep 4 '18 Weather App: Using geolocation and Vue # vue # tutorial # javascript # webdev 27 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Weather App: Using Vue and Axios Fabio Rosado Fabio Rosado Fabio Rosado Follow Aug 25 '18 Weather App: Using Vue and Axios # vue # javascript # tutorial 74 reactions Comments 4 comments 10 min read Agile/Scrum for a self-taught developer? Fabio Rosado Fabio Rosado Fabio Rosado Follow Jul 12 '18 Agile/Scrum for a self-taught developer? # discuss # agile # scrum 9 reactions Comments 3 comments 1 min read Introduction to Vim Fabio Rosado Fabio Rosado Fabio Rosado Follow May 1 '18 Introduction to Vim # vim # beginners 70 reactions Comments 9 comments 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a blogging-forward open source social network where we learn from one another Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://dev.to/wellallytech/digital-gardens-building-a-private-space-to-cultivate-your-mental-well-being-37hg | Digital Gardens: Building a Private Space to Cultivate Your Mental Well-being - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse wellallyTech Posted on Jan 12 • Originally published at wellally.tech Digital Gardens: Building a Private Space to Cultivate Your Mental Well-being # nextjs # webdev # react # mentalhealth Traditional note-taking apps often feel rigid, forcing our complex emotions into a strict chronological list. A "digital garden" offers a unique alternative—a living, non-linear space where your thoughts and reflections can evolve over time. If you want to see how this framework looks in practice, explore our digital garden guide . Why Choose a Garden Over a Blog? Unlike a traditional blog, a digital garden is a perpetual work in progress . It suggests that ideas don’t need to be "finished" to be valuable; they just need a place to grow. For mental health, this approach is particularly helpful because our internal journeys are rarely linear. By using interconnected notes , you can see how different patterns in your mood or mindfulness practice associate with one another over weeks or months. The Technical Greenhouse: Next.js and MDX To build this serene online space, we recommend using Next.js for its speed and MDX (Markdown with JSX) for its flexibility. MDX is a powerful tool because it allows you to embed interactive React components directly into your written notes. Prerequisites for your build: A basic understanding of React and JavaScript . Node.js installed on your machine. A code editor like VS Code . Choosing the Right Framework Feature Traditional Blog Digital Garden Structure Chronological (Newest first) Contextual (Topic-based) Content State "Published" and final "Seedlings" and evolving Navigation Linear scrolling Interconnected links Purpose Performance/Audience Personal growth/Reflection Setting the Foundation The process begins by initializing a Next.js project and configuring it to recognize MDX files. This setup ensures that every note you write becomes a dynamic page automatically. By using the gray-matter library, you can add "frontmatter" to your notes—metadata like titles, dates, and tags. This allows you to categorize your reflections without losing the fluid nature of the garden. Creating a Mindful User Interface A mental health space should feel calm and minimalist . Using Tailwind CSS, you can define a soothing color palette that reduces digital eye strain. You can also build custom components , like an "Insight Box," to highlight breakthrough moments in your journey. This visual relief makes reviewing your past entries a more gentle and rewarding experience. Conclusion: Tending to Your Thoughts Building a digital garden is an act of self-care that combines technology with deep reflection. It provides a private, structured environment to document your journey and understand your personal growth patterns. Key Takeaways: Iterate slowly : Your garden doesn't need to be perfect; it just needs to be yours. Link your thoughts : Use internal links to connect related insights. Stay consistent : Small, regular "seedlings" lead to the most growth. For a complete technical walkthrough and the code snippets needed to start, read WellAlly’s full guide . Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse wellallyTech Follow an AI-powered lifelong health data platform helping individuals and families track, analyze, and optimize their wellness. Joined Jan 23, 2025 More from wellallyTech 3D Anatomy Modeling: Build Interactive Features to Visualize Muscle Engagement # frontend # react # threejs # datavisualization Next.js Performance: How to Optimize Your Blog’s Core Web Vitals for a Faster User Experience # nextjs # performance # frontend # webdev Real-Time Dashboards: Building a Heart Rate Monitor Enhances Remote Health Tracking # node # tutorial # fullstack # react 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/dinesh_04/how-i-turned-a-static-character-into-a-moving-one-in-unreal-engine-4667 | How I Turned a Static Character into a Moving One in Unreal Engine - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Dinesh Posted on Jan 10 How I Turned a Static Character into a Moving One in Unreal Engine # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # animation Game Designing and Development (9 Part Series) 1 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 4 2 Understanding Starter Content and Selection Mode in Unreal Engine (Day 10) ... 5 more parts... 3 Actor Panel and Landscape Tool Basics in Unreal Engine (Day 11) 4 Learning Landscape Heightmaps and Sculpting Tools in Unreal Engine (Day 12) 5 Learning the Foliage Tool in Unreal Engine (Day 13) 6 Creating Materials in Unreal Engine 5 and Understanding ORM Textures (Day 14) 7 How I Turned a Static Character into a Moving One in Unreal Engine 8 Why My First Animation Blueprint Didn’t Work in Unreal Engine 9 How Speed Finally Made My Character Feel Alive I didn’t know animation setup could feel this overwhelming. One wrong option, and nothing works. This was my first real animation confusion. This post is part of my daily learning journey in game development. I’m sharing what I learn each day — the basics, the confusion, and the real progress — from the perspective of a beginner. On Day 15 of my game development journey, I learned the basics of using Mixamo for character animations. What I tried / learned today I started with the Mixamo website to prepare animations for Unreal Engine. I learned why Mixamo is beginner-friendly: Free and fast character auto-rigging Large library of ready-made animations Easy export options for Unreal Engine I selected a character in T-pose , because a T-pose makes rigging clean and predictable. Then I explored basic game animations: Idle Walk Run Jump I also noticed Mixamo shows different skeleton previews. I learned that staying consistent with the same character skeleton is important so animations fit correctly. For Idle , I downloaded the animation with In-Place disabled , since the character doesn’t need to move forward. For Walk, Run, and Jump , I downloaded them In-Place , so movement can be controlled inside Unreal Engine instead of being baked into the animation. What confused me I didn’t understand why some animations moved the character forward and some didn’t. At first, this felt random. What worked or finally clicked I learned that In-Place animations keep the character in one spot, while Unreal Engine handles movement speed and direction. That made everything much clearer. One lesson for beginners Mixamo is great for learning animations quickly Always use a T-pose for clean rigging Use In-Place animations for better movement control Slow progress — but I’m building a strong foundation. If you’re also learning game development, what was the first thing that confused you when you started? See you in the next post 🎮🚀 Game Designing and Development (9 Part Series) 1 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 4 2 Understanding Starter Content and Selection Mode in Unreal Engine (Day 10) ... 5 more parts... 3 Actor Panel and Landscape Tool Basics in Unreal Engine (Day 11) 4 Learning Landscape Heightmaps and Sculpting Tools in Unreal Engine (Day 12) 5 Learning the Foliage Tool in Unreal Engine (Day 13) 6 Creating Materials in Unreal Engine 5 and Understanding ORM Textures (Day 14) 7 How I Turned a Static Character into a Moving One in Unreal Engine 8 Why My First Animation Blueprint Didn’t Work in Unreal Engine 9 How Speed Finally Made My Character Feel Alive Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Dinesh Follow I am currently learning Game Designing and Development. I also share my learning journey on Medium site (profile link in website url). Location Chennai, India Education Monolith Research and Training labs Joined Dec 27, 2025 More from Dinesh How Speed Finally Made My Character Feel Alive # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # animation Why My First Animation Blueprint Didn’t Work in Unreal Engine # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # animation Creating Materials in Unreal Engine 5 and Understanding ORM Textures (Day 14) # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # learning 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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http://cplusplus.com/ | cplusplus .com TUTORIALS REFERENCE ARTICLES FORUM C++ Tutorials Reference Articles Forum home Tutorials C++ Language : Learn this versatile and powerful programming language. Includes detailed explanations of pointers , functions , classes and templates , among others... Reference Description of the most important classes, functions and objects of the Standard Language Library, with descriptive fully-functional short programs as examples. Browse the C++ Reference Articles User-contributed articles, organized into different categories. You can contribute your own articles! Browse Articles Latest forum activity: by tonic Any Info about Kbw ? [Lounge] Hello Guys, I wanted to ask does anybody know kbw ? i mean personally, it seems like he isnt writing here either, I used to write him once a year per email, a... 2026-01-12T18:05:21.000Z [9 replies] Last: hooray :) (by Ganado) by zapshe It was never about immigration [Lounge] The point has always been power. They wield it like a child's toy and pat themselves on the back with their own delusions. The lowest of trash who should be ... 2026-01-09T01:22:18.000Z [no replies] by kitfox How to let user specify float size in data structure? [General C++ Programming] I'm writing a library to do a math calculation. For my purposes I want to use 32 bit floats, but I can imagine other users wanting to use other sized types. I... 2026-01-06T13:31:09.000Z [1 reply] : https://stackoverflow.com/a/70773753 (by kigar64551) by Duthomhas Man, nobody has posted since last year... [Lounge] 😃 Frist! 2026-01-05T16:27:38.000Z [7 replies] Last: Heh, I usually try to make things a whole lot more one-clickety... but... (by Duthomhas) by bkelly13 interaction between GUIs [Windows Programming] Windows 11, Visual Studio 2022, C++, GUI programming. This project was created under Windows Desktop Application, but maybe one of the other project types. So... 2026-01-01T17:01:41.000Z [11 replies] Last: That is because a static[/b] function belongs to the class, [i]not[/i... (by kigar64551) by L67GS Understanding piping [UNIX/Linux Programming] I've been looking for nearly a week for an API to do simple piping that I'm sure is out there. What I have is a simple home assistant project, in the event the ... 2025-12-31T09:28:11.000Z [2 replies] Last: WHEW!!! I got it with ollama.hpp! It works with Ollama-server if anyb... (by L67GS) by bkelly13 Visual Studio 2022, How to find my breakpoint [Beginners] How can I find the module where the breakpoint is active. I am working on a moderately complex project. There are several breakpoints set, some inside an if... 2025-12-08T02:29:39.000Z [2 replies] Last: I think something is a bit odd on my system. Open View -> Output and ... (by bkelly13) by zapshe ChatGPT is too smart [Lounge] At this point, the AI training I'm doing is, "Ha, ChatGPT couldn't even 1 shot produce PhD level research!" Not even exaggerating. Work that would take a true-... 2025-12-04T04:37:41.000Z [3 replies] Last: If you give a deck of cards a good shuffle right now, no cheating or b... (by newbieg) by lostwithcpp Declaring an initializer class list with classes that are circular dependent [General C++ Programming] I've really tried to make this work without using pointers. I want to create a shared class where two classes "see" each other and share this object. I want... 2025-11-25T15:01:27.000Z [4 replies] Last: Yes, if a class contains a reference to something else as a data membe... (by Ganado) by semsemdiver sorting an integer array [General C++ Programming] hello everyone, im new here trying to learn c++, i wrote a code to sort array but the out put always be like this [10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] i can't move 1... 2025-11-17T09:25:48.000Z [14 replies] Last: I use VS 2022 (not code). If you're getting an error with std::size t... (by seeplus) Home page | Privacy policy © cplusplus.com, 2000-2025 - All rights reserved - v3.3.4s Spotted an error? contact us | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://dev.to/dinesh_04/how-speed-finally-made-my-character-feel-alive-3aai#comments | How Speed Finally Made My Character Feel Alive - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Dinesh Posted on Jan 12 How Speed Finally Made My Character Feel Alive # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # animation Game Designing and Development (9 Part Series) 1 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 4 2 Understanding Starter Content and Selection Mode in Unreal Engine (Day 10) ... 5 more parts... 3 Actor Panel and Landscape Tool Basics in Unreal Engine (Day 11) 4 Learning Landscape Heightmaps and Sculpting Tools in Unreal Engine (Day 12) 5 Learning the Foliage Tool in Unreal Engine (Day 13) 6 Creating Materials in Unreal Engine 5 and Understanding ORM Textures (Day 14) 7 How I Turned a Static Character into a Moving One in Unreal Engine 8 Why My First Animation Blueprint Didn’t Work in Unreal Engine 9 How Speed Finally Made My Character Feel Alive My character was moving… but it felt wrong. Walking and running looked the same. Speed was the missing piece. This post is part of my daily learning journey in game development. I’m sharing what I learn each day — the basics, the confusion, and the real progress — from the perspective of a beginner. On Day 17 of my game development journey, I learned about Blend Spaces and basic movement logic in Unreal Engine. What I tried / learned today I created a Blend Space 1D for my character using a Speed parameter. I set a reasonable speed range so it matches natural movement: Idle at 0 Walk at a mid value Run at the max value Then I connected the Blend Space inside the Idle/Walk/Run state in the Animation Blueprint. To drive the Blend Space, I calculated speed using: Character movement velocity Vector length That value controlled how the animations blended smoothly. What confused me At first, the animation changes didn’t feel natural. I didn’t understand why walking and running looked almost the same. What worked or finally clicked Once I matched the movement speed values with the animation speeds, everything felt right. Matching animation speed with movement speed was the key . In the Character Blueprint, I added simple logic: Normal speed for walking Increased speed while holding Shift This made walking and running feel intentional and different. One lesson for beginners Blend Spaces depend on correct speed values Movement logic and animation must match Small tweaks create big improvements Slow progress — but I’m building a strong foundation. If you’re also learning game development, what was the first thing that confused you when you started? See you in the next post 🎮🚀 Game Designing and Development (9 Part Series) 1 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 4 2 Understanding Starter Content and Selection Mode in Unreal Engine (Day 10) ... 5 more parts... 3 Actor Panel and Landscape Tool Basics in Unreal Engine (Day 11) 4 Learning Landscape Heightmaps and Sculpting Tools in Unreal Engine (Day 12) 5 Learning the Foliage Tool in Unreal Engine (Day 13) 6 Creating Materials in Unreal Engine 5 and Understanding ORM Textures (Day 14) 7 How I Turned a Static Character into a Moving One in Unreal Engine 8 Why My First Animation Blueprint Didn’t Work in Unreal Engine 9 How Speed Finally Made My Character Feel Alive Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Dinesh Follow I am currently learning Game Designing and Development. I also share my learning journey on Medium site (profile link in website url). Location Chennai, India Education Monolith Research and Training labs Joined Dec 27, 2025 More from Dinesh Why My First Animation Blueprint Didn’t Work in Unreal Engine # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # animation How I Turned a Static Character into a Moving One in Unreal Engine # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # animation Creating Materials in Unreal Engine 5 and Understanding ORM Textures (Day 14) # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # learning 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://dev.to/francisco_moreno_1dd850f0/mi-top-certificiaciones-en-it-como-propositos-para-este-2026-dpj | Mi Top Certificiaciones en IT Como Propositos Para Este 2026 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Francisco Moreno Posted on Jan 13 Mi Top Certificiaciones en IT Como Propositos Para Este 2026 # aws # kubernetes # certification # cloud Blog | ESP Mi plan de aprendizaje continuo para los siguientes 12 meses para obtener certificaciones de AWS, Linux Foundation, HashiCorp y más Durante muchos años he estudiado sobre los servicios de proveedores de nube y herramientas por medio de cursos, libros de terceros y documentación oficial. No le daba mucha importancia a las certificaciones profesionales dado que: Son costosas. Si no las apruebas, pierdes tu dinero. Al inicio de mi carrera no había tiempo más que para construir proyectos. Las ofertas de cursos para la preparación de estos exámenes no me convencieron. Me encontraba hasta hace poco cursando mi maestría en IA. Sin embargo, varias cosas han cambiado desde entonces, pues donde trabajo me patrocinan los exámenes, muchas certificaciones constan de hasta 2 intentos, ahora poseo más tiempo porque mejoré mis habilidades y gestiono mejor mi tiempo, me encontré con una plataforma de cursos muy buena para prepararse y por último, he culminado satisfactoriamente mi maestría, lo cual me exenta de pretextos ahora para poder continuar con este camino. Plataforma de Estudio La plataforma que he probado últimamente - y que superó por mucho a algunos libros que venía leyendo de una editorial muy famosa en IT - se llama KodeKloud. Es una plataforma que posee varias rutas de aprendizaje para las certificaciones más populares como las de: AWS, Azure, Red Hat, Linux Foundation, HashiCorp, CompTIA, Docker, GitOps y más. Uno de los puntos en lo que destaca es su buena estructura, buenos instructores, y laboratorios sandbox en el mismo navegador (no necesitas configurar un entorno para certificaciones como CKA de Kubernetes). Yo pagué - de momento - la subscripción básica, solo tiene un costo de $35 USD por mes. Lo cual está dentro del mercado, pero aun así, tienen otras subscripciones que contienen más mejoras e incluso acceso exclusivo a otras funciones. Mi Ruta de Preparación Comencé con Kubernetes CKA, dado que en mi puesto actual he trabajado arduamente con esta tecnología. Por lo que el orden no será el óptimo para un principiante. Sin embargo, al final enlistaré el orden óptimo bajo mi punto de vista. 1. Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) - Examen estimado: finales de noviembre 2025 Certificación orientada a la gestión y mantenimiento de un clúster completo de Kubernetes. Se aprende tipos de despliegues, auto-scaling, redes, roles, servicios, volúmenes, secretos, configMaps, migraciones, recuperación ante desastres, nodos, scheduler, logging y monitoreo, seguridad, templating, Helm, troubleshooting y más. Opinión Tome primero CKA porque en mi puesto actual como SRE en GreenDot, requirió de mucho conocimiento en esta herramienta para cómputo distribuido. Ya poseía algo de experiencia en Kubernetes, sin embargo, en estos últimos 2 años he trabajado con Kubernetes por más tiempo, y he descubierto que es una gran herramienta. Su potencial para sistemas de gran escala enfocado a microservicios le funciona de maravilla, pues Kubernetes reduce la complejidad de gestión de sistemas al conectar todo y gestionándolo de forma imperativa y declarativa por medio de un comando central (control-plane). Posees todo el control y monitoreo de recursos como aplicaciones, redes, cuentas de servicio, balanceadores de carga de proveedores, volúmenes, clústeres de diferentes regiones, secretos, mapas de configuración y mucho más. Es probable que cuando ingreses a la industria de Tech y estés con una empresa grande - excepto aquellas muy reguladas - te toque trabajar con Kubernetes, ya sea para migrar a el o mantenerlo y escalarlo con el tiempo. Existe la certificación de Certified Kubernetes Application Developer (CKAD), que supone ser más fácil de aprender y de pasar el examen; sin embargo, opte por CKA, ya que investigue que los fundamentos de esta certificación está enfocada en ingenieros de infraestructura, mientras que CKAD tiene el enfoque para desarrolladores. Ambas son válidas, lo que se diferencia principalmente a CKA es que ves a Kubernetes desde dentro como funciona, que componentes open source utiliza bajo el cofre y como gestionar tu clúster para alta disponibilidad, desastres y un poco más de profundidad en networking. Si comienzas en este camino te recomiendo, tomes CKAD, y una vez concluido, comiences con el camino hacia CKA. Si deseas conocer más sobre la ruta de Kubernetes, te dejo este articulo de mi amigo Alonso de como él llegó hasta obtener la apreciada certificación Kubestronaut GOLD, una insignia que dice que posees todas las certificaciones que Linux Foundation x Kubernetes ofrecen. 2. Linux Foundation Certified System Administrator (LFCS) - Examen estimado: Diciembre 2025 ¿Linux? Sí, Linux. Para todo utilizamos Linux. Los autos utilizan una distribución privada sobre Linux y muchas cosas más. Pero principalmente, Linux es utilizado en servidores, donde corre Kubernetes justamente. He utilizado Linux desde que inicie, mi primera distribución headless que use fue Debian sobre una tarjeta de desarrollo BeagleBone - los que son Ingenieros en Electrónica sabrán de qué hablo - pero con el tiempo comencé a utilizar más a Ubuntu. Este sistema operativo corre en casi la mayoría de servidores que hay allí afuera. Sin embargo, en entornos enterprise es común ver servidores Red Hat (más adelante hablaré de su certificación). Conocer Linux es imprescindible para tu carrera en DevOps o SRE, sin sus fundamentos, difícilmente podrás avanzar para obtener un puesto en esta área de la tecnología. Por esto mismo, te recomiendo tomar como primera opción a LFCS - sin no antes haber pasado por programación y fundamento de redes. Opinión Si no te vuelves experto en Linux como Platform Engineer, SRE, DevOps, Cloud Engineer, etc. No avanzas en tu carrera. No tenemos por qué discutir este tema. Ya, en serio, estuve pensando en mejor tomar la de Oracle con RedHat, sin embargo, encontré que es buen comienzo obtener la LFCS, para que resulte más fácil superar la de RedHat. Además, RedHat está más orientado a sistemas de corporaciones grandes y generalmente con sistemas para sectores de salud y financiero. LFCS está más orientado a sistemas más modernos, donde no se exige el uso de sistemas operativos de RedHat. Más comúnmente de otras distribuciones como Ubuntu o CentOS. 3. AWS Solutions Architect: Associate - Examen estimado: Finales de Diciembre 2025 o principios de enero 2026 Esta certificación es una de las más obtenidas por profesionales. Desde mi experiencia, es la certificación "must" porque posee los fundamentos de cada servicio imprescindible de AWS para el desarrollo de soluciones completas y robustas. A diferencia de Cloud Practitioner, SAA provee de mayores capacidades al poseedor del certificado de construir, desde sistemas a gran escala y con alta disponibilidad hasta el manejo de redes VPC privadas, públicas, hibridas y mixtas. Sin duda es por mucho una de las fundamentales por tener. Opinión Esta certificación ya van en 2 ocasiones que me recomiendan obtenerla. Aunque ya poseo los conocimientos del mapa curricular del examen, no está de más tenerla en el curriculum. Esta certificación es considerada de las mejores para filtrar candidatos a un puesto en Cloud, por lo que si te encuentras en busca de una nueva oportunidad de empleo, suele llamar más la atención que un título de ingeniería. En verdad, no exagero. Me toco ser entrevistador y conocer la misma opinión de otros expertos en la industria. Ojo, eso no quiere decir que te dé el pase automático, pero sí un plus. Tampoco significa que un título universitario no tenga valor, sin embargo, cuando dejas de ser Junior, el título ya no se vuelve un "must" sino un mínimo - hay sus excepciones - y esta certificación, en cambio, sí. 4. Terraform Associate Certification: HashiCorp Certified Terraform es una herramienta standard para la infraestructura como código (IaC). Esta certificación brinda los fundamentos para gestionar la infraestructura mediante su sintaxis, con sus funciones principales, su modo de hospedaje (local, remoto y cloud) y mucho más. Terraform es otro "must" que debes tener en tu mochila de herramientas. Este certificado te ahorrará tiempo en lugar de comenzar por tutoriales en Internet. Posee todo lo que deberás saber para construir. En todos los proyectos que he trabajado en niveles enterprise, ha sido Terraform el default. Opinión Terraform es la principal herramienta empleada en casi la mayoría de empresas para gestionar la infraestructura como código. Existe CloudFormation de AWS. Sin embargo, Terraform es compatible con casi todos los proveedores de la nube, incluyendo: AWS, Azure, GCP, AlibabaCloud y DigitalOcean. La he usado desde hace años, y si no has trabajado con Terraform, te recomiendo comenzar a aprender sobre esta herramienta. Te dará un plus enorme a la hora de buscar empleo. Es el martillo que llevarás a todos lados. 5. Istio Certified Associate (ICA) Aunque no he trabajado considerablemente con Istio, sí que es sumamente necesario. Esta herramienta funciona para gestionar las redes dentro de los cluster de Kubernetes. Permite conectar microservicios entre sí, encripta la información con mTLS, define reglas para aceptar conexiones de otros servicios específicos, genera logs detallados de los datos de conexiones, básicamente es el gurú de tu red dentro del clúster de Kubernetes. Opera como sidecar dentro de cada Pod junto al componente o aplicación principal del mismo. Este certificado lo emite la Linux Foundation. Opinión Istio se está volviendo el default para la implementación y uso de redes tipo mesh para aplicaciones en Kubernetes. Aunque este tipo de certificaciones son la especialidad para cybersec y network engineering, no está demás poseer los fundamentos de la herramienta. No hay más que decir. 6. AWS Machine Learning Engineer: Associate Esta certificación está orientada para profesionales en el campo con al menos 1 año de experiencia, ya sea como Machine Learning Engineer o MLOps Engineer. El objetivo está en autenticar las habilidades técnicas y conocimiento del profesional para la implementación y uso de servicios específicos para Machine Learning que AWS ofrece a los usuarios. A diferencia de la certificación AWS Machine Learning Engineer: Specialty, esta es una base introductoria a los servicios y la de Specialty es orientada a profesionales con al menos 2 años de experiencia en el campo. Ideal para utilizar servicios no solo de despliegue, sino también de modelado y diseño de arquitecturas para ML. Opinión En lo particular, poseo al menos ya algo de tiempo construyendo una solución y un proyecto con ML, específicamente con modelos de forecasting y agentes de LLMs, por lo que la primera certificación es de mi interés para robustecer mi conocimiento con las herramientas que tenemos en la nube para este fin. 7. AWS Data Engineer: Associate Acaba de ser lanzada apenas en 2025. Esta certificación promete brindar los fundamentos y conocimientos avanzados para la construcción de arquitecturas para sistemas de datos, tales como data lakes, pipelines y más. Aunque el título de la certificación es "Data Engineer", también es apta para Machine Learning engineers y preferentemente para MLOps engineers. Opinión Esta certificación me interesa como parte de mi portafolio en lo relacionado con Machine Learning. He visto que varias organizaciones es donde están estancados en su misión por adoptar IA en sus sistemas para obtener el máximo ROI. Sin embargo, pocas empresas han logrado eso, derivado por múltiples factores pero con uno en común, y ese es relacionado con la cultura sobre el manejo de los datos. Sin duda un gran plus; Data Engineer Associate de AWS. 8. AWS DevOps Engineer: Professional Para expertos en el aprovisionamiento y manejo de sistemas a gran escala para aplicaciones en la nube. Genera mayor confianza en los clientes poseer dicha certificación. Certifica que el profesional: Implementa y administra sistemas y metodologías de entrega continua (CI/CD) en AWS. Automatiza controles de seguridad, procesos de gobierno y validaciones de cumplimiento. Define y despliega sistemas de monitoreo, métricas y logging en AWS. Diseña e implementa sistemas altamente disponibles, escalables y auto-recuperables en la plataforma AWS. Diseña, administra y mantiene herramientas para la automatización de procesos operativos. Opinión Esta en particular pocos profesionales la poseen. Es para especialistas en el tema, no es un "must" en la mayoría de puestos en el campo. Sin embargo, si considero que para un puesto elevado como Principal, si es un "must" definitivo. Como lo mencione en mi tesis de maestría, según Forrester y Hashicorp, apenas en 2024, más del 92% de las organizaciones no poseían alta madurez en adopción de cloud, dado un exceso de gasto sobre sus presupuestos anuales para infraestructura cloud. Factor principal: falta de conocimientos en cloud. Que se complementa con mejor preparación y obtención de certificaciones de proveedores cloud. 9. AWS Security Specialty Esta certificación avala que el profesional: Comprende las clasificaciones especializadas de datos y los mecanismos de protección de datos en AWS. Comprende los métodos de cifrado de datos y los mecanismos de AWS para implementarlos. Comprende los protocolos seguros de internet y los mecanismos de AWS para su implementación. Posee conocimiento práctico de los servicios de seguridad de AWS y de las características necesarias para operar entornos productivos seguros. Cuenta con al menos 2 años de experiencia en despliegues en producción utilizando servicios y funcionalidades de seguridad de AWS. Tiene la capacidad de tomar decisiones de compromiso entre costo, seguridad y complejidad de despliegue según los requerimientos de la aplicación. Comprende los riesgos y las operaciones relacionadas con la seguridad. Opinión Una vez entras al campo de líder, tu responsabilidad como inspector debe formar parte del descriptivo de puesto definitivamente. Validar la seguridad de tus sistemas es un requerimiento imprescindible a la hora de actuar como Líder o Principal en el equipo que sea al cual pertenezcas, no importa la empresa, ya sea big tech o startup. Los riesgos de seguridad son latentes, no podemos depender totalmente de los Cybersec Engineers en producción. Es imperativo implementar las mejores opciones a la hora de diseñar un sistema como acto preventivo y de las mejores prácticas posibles en el momento. ¿Por qué del momento? Porque las medidas de seguridad en ciberseguridad avanzan igual o más rápido que los avances en inteligencia artificial. Los ciberatacantes están a la orden del día diseñando y probando nuevas técnicas de hacking para atacar a tus sistemas. Siendo la cara del equipo, sin duda serás parte responsable de cualquier ataque. 10. AWS Solutions Architect: Professional Por último, pero no menos importante, la certificación de SA Professional de AWS provee los conocimientos avanzados en el uso de cloud con las mejores prácticas, más especifico para verdaderos arquitectos de sistemas a gran escala como Principal Engineers. Esta certificación avala que el profesional: Diseña soluciones considerando la complejidad organizacional. Diseña nuevas soluciones desde cero. Mejora continuamente las soluciones existentes. Acelera la migración y modernización de cargas de trabajo. Opinión Si bien ya es ambición obtener esta certificación, estamos hablando de un nivel en el cual podrías aspirar a cargos como Principal en organizaciones muy grandes donde manejan millones de usuarios como sus clientes principales. Hacer hasta un mínimo cambio en sistemas de estos atributos afecta severamente a los beneficios de la empresa en la que te encuentres. Esta certificación es como la cereza del pastel. No considero que debas tomarla para obtener tu primer empleo, tampoco para ascender a Senior, pero sí para considerarla para ascender a cargos de muy alto impacto en la organización. Conclusión Este camino es el que por años considero es el óptimo para cualquier contribuidor individual desea robustecer tu portafolio profesional para vender proyectos a gran escala, obtener mejores oportunidades, aprender buenas prácticas en diseño de soluciones, hacer networking global, dar mentorías a otros y más. Recomiendo ampliamente esta ruta a Platform Engineers, DevOps Engineers, SREs e Infrastructure Engineers. Espero que haya sido de ayuda mi contribución para que puedan tomar la mejor decisión posible al momento de decidir a qué exámenes aplicar. Su tiempo es el valor más preciado. Aquí no importa el costo del examen, curso o libro que vayan a tomar, a menos que estén iniciando en sus carreras. ¡Exito! Francisco Moreno Senior Systems Engineer con más de 5 años de experiencia en DevOps, SRE y plataformas cloud en múltiples industrias. Máster en Inteligencia Artificial. Escribo sobre sistemas escalables, automatización, MLOps e IA aplicada, sin humo. LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/francojmoreno/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/framore.io/ Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Francisco Moreno Follow Joined Oct 10, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot How I Built an AI Terraform Review Agent on Serverless AWS # aws # terraform # serverless # devops What was your win this week??? # weeklyretro # discuss AI should not be in Code Editors # programming # ai # productivity # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://www.highlight.io/blog/joining-launchdarkly | We're joining LaunchDarkly! Pricing Customers Blog Careers Docs We're joining LaunchDarkly! Sign up Back Nov 3, 2022 • 4 min. read 8 Tips to Help You Maximize Chrome DevTools Frontend Developer Experience Engineering Mar 11, 2024 • 2 min. read Highlight Pod #6: OpenTelemetry with Ben Sigelman Company Jan 23, 2024 • 9 min. read Using Materialized Views in ClickHouse (vs. Postgres) Product Updates Apr 23, 2025 • 7 min read We're joining LaunchDarkly! Company Product Updates Jay Khatri Co-founder & CEO It’s an exciting day for Highlight as we are announcing some awesome news: we’re joining forces with LaunchDarkly! Over the past year, we’ve gotten to know the team at LaunchDarkly, and it quickly became clear that we share a common vision — one where developers have the tools they need to ship with confidence and speed. What’s really exciting is that LaunchDarkly has already had a lot of success with guarded rollouts , and very soon, Highlight will be a first-party observability solution within LaunchDarkly, feeding directly into these Guarded Releases. This means real-time monitoring and deep context for your releases—all in one place. If you’ve ever wanted observability and feature flags to actually work together, this is it! Vadim and I will be leading the observability efforts at LaunchDarkly, and we’re excited to build towards this shared vision. LaunchDarkly is serious about investing in observability, and together we’re going to build something that makes the experience of debugging, monitoring, and releasing code much better! If you’re already a LaunchDarkly customer—or thinking about becoming one—reach out. We’d love to help you get plugged into what’s coming. And finally, thank you. Your support and feedback have helped shape Highlight into what it is today, and we’re just getting started. We’re incredibly grateful to have you with us for this next chapter. The Highlight experience, as you know it, won't be changing right away, so there's nothing to worry about. Your account will remain active and you'll still have access to the same product, team, and energy. When we make changes in the future, we'll be sure to let you know well in advance. To help answer some common questions, see the the FAQ below. Can’t wait to build something amazing together, thank you once again! FAQ: Highlight + LaunchDarkly Q: What happens to my current Highlight account? Nothing is changing right now. Your account will remain active and you'll continue to receive the same product experience. We are currently working on the full integration plan and will eventually migrate our Highlight infrastructure over to LaunchDarkly, but this will happen as a slow, phased rollout, and you'll receive plenty of notice before anything changes. Q: Do I need a LaunchDarkly account to keep using Highlight? Nope! Highlight will continue to run as a standalone product for now. You can keep using it exactly as you have been—no separate account required. Q: Will my current pricing or plan change? No immediate changes are planned. Your current Highlight plan will stay the same, and we’ll communicate clearly about any future updates well in advance. Q: What’s changing behind the scenes? Vadim and Jay from Highlight are now leading observability efforts at LaunchDarkly. Over time, Highlight will be integrated into the LaunchDarkly platform—especially around Guarded Releases. Regarding our roadmap, there will be a lot of overlap with our existing Highlight roadmap, which will include improving the existing Highlight feature set, but also integrating them more deeply with the LaunchDarkly core feature management experience. Q: Will Highlight still work with my current stack? Yes. Everything about how Highlight works with your current tools and stack remains the same. We plan to slowly migrate the SDKs over to LaunchDarkly SDKs, but the existing Highlight SDKs will remain untouched. Q: What will happen to the Highlight infrastructure and site? We’ll continue to run Highlight’s existing infrastructure and site alongside LaunchDarkly until the full feature set is integrated into the LaunchDarkly platform. Q: When will LaunchDarkly fully integrate Highlight’s features? We expect full integration in approximately 6–12 months. You’ll start seeing benefits from the partnership well before then, but we’ll keep Highlight running independently until that integration is complete. Q: Who do I contact for support? Keep reaching out to the Highlight team as usual (i.e. support@highlight.io + slack). Same people, same channels. Over time, we will introduce new tools to leverage our new support resources. Q: What does this mean for the Highlight roadmap? Mostly it means that it will move at an accelerated pace. With more resources than before, we’re doubling down on even more observability features—especially for releases and feature flag-level insights. Q: What will happen to the open source repo? Highlight will remain open source in its current state, open to the community for maintenance and improvement. As we integrate with LaunchDarkly, we’ll release critical fixes back to the open source repository. We'll let the community know the final support date within the next few weeks, so stay tuned. After this transition period, the Highlight team will be focusing their efforts exclusively on integration, but the repo will still be there for community involvement and oversight! Comments ( 0 ) Name Email Your Message New Comment Other articles you may like Nov 3, 2022 • 4 min. read 8 Tips to Help You Maximize Chrome DevTools Frontend Developer Experience Engineering Mar 11, 2024 • 2 min. read Highlight Pod #6: OpenTelemetry with Ben Sigelman Company Jan 23, 2024 • 9 min. read Using Materialized Views in ClickHouse (vs. Postgres) Product Updates Try Highlight Today Get the visibility you need Get started for free Product Pricing Sign up Features Privacy & Security Customers Session Replay Error Monitoring Logging Competitors LogRocket Hotjar Fullstory Smartlook Inspectlet Datadog Sentry Site24x7 Sprig Mouseflow Pendo Heap LogicMonitor Last9 Axiom Better Stack HyperDX Dash0 Developers Changelog Documentation Ambassadors Frameworks React Next.js Angular Gatsby.js Svelte.js Vue.js Express Golang Next.js Node.js Rails Hono Contact & Legal Terms of Service Privacy Policy Careers sales@highlight.io security@highlight.io [object Object] | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://dev.to/grahamthedev/how-to-write-the-highest-quality-posts-on-dev-13-top-tips-cj6 | How to write a VERY HIGH quality post on DEV [13 top tips + a bonus 🤯!] - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse GrahamTheDev Posted on Aug 20, 2021 How to write a VERY HIGH quality post on DEV [13 top tips + a bonus 🤯!] # a11y # writing # beginners # howtodevto There is a great article on writing high quality posts currently on the feed. How to write a high quality post on DEV Ella (she/her/elle) for The DEV Team ・ Aug 20 '21 #writing #howtodevto It is great and I would suggest going to give that a read. (as you can probably tell, I am being mischievous and stealing post titles from people...again!) Following on from that post, I am going to expand on a few things and introduce a few more tips for writing high quality posts on DEV (and elsewhere). This is in addition to the post by @ellativity , not a replacement for it! The tips in this article are ones I wish someone had given me when I first started writing. Oh and there are a few tips in here that will make you much faster at creating articles too! Contents 1. Use Headings properly 2. Create a document outline 3. Use my editor if you don't know markdown 4. Fill in the blanks and make sure to link to any references. 5. Run your article through the Hemmingway App 6. Mind your language 7. Explain abbreviations and acronyms 8. Image alt text, a top tip 9. Create a contents section if needed. 10. A good cover image is important 11. Refine your opening paragraph 12. Have a promotion strategy if you want more engagement 13. Pay attention to comments (and reply!) Bonus Tip: Publish your article on your own site first (if you have one) 1. Use Headings properly Headings help break your article up and make it easier to digest. They also help people who use a screen reader orientate themselves in your article. There are a couple of things to note: headings should start at level 2 on DEV (as your article title is level 1). You should not skip heading levels (see below) When writing your document outline start with the main headings, it will help you organise your thoughts and make writing easier. 1a. Headings example (this article) In Markdown the number of # s correspond to the heading level. As such you will see the following structure only uses levels 2 and 3 (more on that after this example). ## 1. Use Headings Properly ### 1a. Headings example (how meta!) ## 2. Create a document outline ### 2a. Headings First ### 2b. Bullet points and curly braces ### 2c. Images list ## 3. Use my editor if you don't know markdown ## 4. Fill in the blanks and make sure to link to any references. ### 4a. Sentence Length ### 4b. Use follow on words / phrases (transitions) ## 5. Run your article through the Hemingway App ### 5a. Use Grammarly or similar ## 6. Mind your language ### 6a. Swearing (I should listen to this) ### 6b. Inclusive language ## 7. Explain abbreviations and acronyms ### 7a. Parenthesis (Brackets) method ### 7b. Glossary method ## 8. Image alt text, a top tip ## 9. Create a contents section ## 10. A good cover image is important ### 10a. Create your own ## 11. Refine your opening paragraph ### 11a. Also check your closing paragraphs ## 12. Have a promotion strategy if you want more engagement ## 13. Pay attention to comments (and reply!) ### 13a. Fix problems! ## Bonus Tip: Publish your article on your own site first (if you have one) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Notice how the structure is quite "flat". I only use level 2 and level 3 headings. This tends to be better for web based articles. If you find yourself getting to level 5 headings you should just check you aren't over-nesting information. 2. Create a document outline This will save you a lot of time and also help your document "flow" nicely. A document outline is like a framework for the article, once you have it right all you need to do is follow your own structure and fill in the blanks. 2a. Headings First The easiest way to structure your document is to write down all of the headings first (or at least the top level headings - <h2> s). This lets you put the sections in the right / logical order and also highlights areas where you may need some more research etc. before you start writing. 2b. Bullet points and curly braces After you have your document headings outlined the next step is to detail what is going to go in each section. I have a useful method for you here! For each section I do: 2-5 bullet points on what needs to be said in that section. add curly braces ( { ) around any thoughts that pop into my head such as referencing sources, images / screen shots to include / create etc. Then once I have added bullet points and curly braces to all the sections I can just do CTRL + F and search for { to quickly see what research I need to do / references I need to get together / screen shots / images I need. When you come to write your article leave these bullet points and curly braces in until you have dealt with them to make sure you don't miss anything! 2c. Images list One final thing to note is that I keep my images list separate. That way I can just search for images all at one time rather than writing a bit, find an image, write some more, find another image. By not task switching / context switching often you will work more quickly. 3. Use my editor if you don't know markdown New to writing in Markdown? It can be hard work. The DEV editor guide is useful, but it does take a while to learn everything. Don't worry though, I created a bookmarklet that gives you a WYSIWYG! It is only partially complete, but it has most of the features you need to make writing articles easy! Check out the editor here: Article No Longer Available 4. Fill in the blanks and make sure to link to any references. By now you should have all of your headings planned out, a few bullet points under each heading, a list of research items and a list of images to find. Do your research first, that may alter your headings etc. Once you have all your research together it is time to start writing! 4a. Sentence and Paragraph Length You write differently on the internet to how you would in a book or in an English class. You should stick to very short paragraphs (1 to 3 sentences). Additionally you should try to keep your sentences short. Many people using DEV will not have English as a first language. Shorter sentences make your content easier to understand. Short sentences are also easier to follow for people with dyslexia etc. Finally due to screen sizes, short sentences and paragraphs are much more manageable on a mobile screen so you don't get massive walls of text! 4b. Use follow on words / phrases (transitions) Transitional words / phrases allow a reader to know that a paragraph / sentence is a continuation of a previous one. For example I just used the phrase "for example" to indicate that this sentence builds upon the previous one. In addition to providing a nice flow to the document it helps with comprehension of your text (especially as we are splitting it into very short paragraphs so the association between sentences is not as clear). 5. Run your article through the Hemmingway App Did you know that 1 in 5 people have the reading age expected of a 12 year old (in the UK, Germany and the USA at least...I am sure other Countries are the same). The Hemmingway App / Editor is a great tool to help make your text easier to understand. It highlights long sentences, passive voice etc. This helps with the points raised in section 4. In addition to this, be conscious of the complexity of the words / vocabulary you use. You do not need to use big words to make yourself sound smart. If you can simplify your language it means that more people will be able to enjoy and understand what you have to say! The Hemmingway editor will give your article a "grade" based on complexity. You are aiming for grade 7 or below ideally. Due to sentence length and careful word choices, this article is only grade 3! 5a. Use Grammarly or similar I need to do this one as my grammar is awful! Using a service such as Grammarly will help make your article easier to read as well. This is especially useful if English is a second or third language and you choose to write in English, due to how weird and wonderful English Grammar is! If I was to write an article in German (which would be impressive given the 7 German words I know), I would look to find a similar service for writing in German. 6. Mind your language I am glad this isn't a case of "the person who is without sin can cast the first stone". 🤣 I don't follow my own advice here when it comes to swearing. But there are things to be conscious of , but no fixed rules as such. As I have said before context is key to knowing what is appropriate. 6a. Swearing (I should listen to this) Ah, who am I kidding, I f***ing love a good swear every now and then. But bear in mind that if you are going to use swearing in an article, you should put a warning at or near the start for the people who are offended by swear words. Make sure not to swear before that warning! Oh and don't do what I did...I screenshotted an offensive site I had built for the cover image of the article...and forgot to censor the swear words 🤦♂️! You should also bear in mind that DEV will not promote any articles with swear words in the titles on social media. Note: if you are not offended by swearing... here is the highly offensive website in question ! 6b. Inclusive language I am not going to lecture you on ableist language (as I know it is such a difficult thing to get right (link to comment I made) ), gendered language etc. Just bear it in mind. Use "they" where you can instead of "he" and "she" (or mix it up throughout your article and try and keep it balanced). Use language that is acceptable in your culture for describing people with disabilities (and read up what is generally considered acceptable so you minimise the chance of people being offended). Don't use racial slurs, obviously! Oh and probably steer clear of politics unless you can take the heat! 7. Explain abbreviations and acronyms Do not assume that people know what acronyms and abbreviations mean. People from various backgrounds and various stages in their careers from various disciplines will read your article. If you are going on about SSR then you need to explain what it is as there are loads of possibilities for what SSR stands for ! Here are two ways you can explain abbreviations and acronyms. 7a. Parentheses (Brackets) method When you first use an acronym or abbreviation write out the full phrase and then put the shortened version in parentheses. For example: In this article we will be using JavaScript (JS) to create a Single Page Application (SPA). Our SPA will consist of three pages and all routing will be handled by JS. Notice how I only add the full phrase once. After that you can use the abbreviation for the rest of the article. 7b. Glossary method If something needs a bit more explanation (or you don't want to slow the pace of your article if there are a lot of abbreviations in quick succession), then a glossary is a great solution. You add a section to the end of your document "Glossary". You then have a list of terms followed by their explanations (we can use the <dl> element (and <dt> and <dd> ) for this. You need to then create a hyperlink that points to those terms in the glossary section. Here is an example for doing this in markdown: In this article we discuss [HTML](#def-html), [CSS](#def-css) and [JS](#def-js). ## First Heading etc. [...all of your article content...] ## Glossary <dl> <dt id= "def-html" > HTML </dt> <dd> Short for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is a programming language 😉 </dd> <dt id= "def-css" > CSS </dt> <dd> Short for Cascading Style Sheets, used to make stuff pretty </dd> <dt id= "def-js" > JS </dt> <dd> Short for JavaScript, it was written in 10 days. </dd> </dl> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Notice how I prefix the IDs with def- , this is just to reduce the chance of collisions. 8. Image alt text, a top tip When writing alt text on images the aim is to provide information that is relevant in context . That is why it is impossible to just have generic alt text for an image and use it everywhere. One way to write good alt text is to imagine you are reading your articles to someone over the phone. When you get to the image, what information is important so they get an idea of what the image is about, and what it adds to the article. That is what your alt text should be. Oh and also, you don't need "image of"...people already know it is an image. 9. Create a contents section if needed. Right now you should have a beautifully written article, using inclusive language and with great alt text (and possibly a glossary!). Once you are happy with the article, create a contents section! Now this is assuming your article is over 1000-1500 words in length (which a high quality article is likely to be). You do it last because as you write the article the order of sections and headings may change. I would advise only adding your <h2> s to the contents to keep it from getting cluttered. I am working on adding an auto contents creator to the WYSIWYG I mentioned earlier . 10. A good cover image is important The cover image shows on social media and if you article happens to end up at the top of the home feed. It is also the first thing people see when they open your article. Make sure the image is engaging and relevant (or branded...) 10a. Create your own If you write regularly you may want to create a branded template for article covers. This saves time and also lets people start to recognise your branding and know to look out for your articles. 11. Refine your opening paragraph Right nearly ready to launch! Now we do some selfish stuff! We need to optimise our opening paragraph for SEO and engagement. Now that you have written the article, what will people learn, is there anything fun in the article that would grab people's attention etc? Also think about SEO. The first 100-200 words in an article are very important for SEO. Think about key terms, semantically relevant / similar terms etc. Obviously this is secondary to creating an engaging opening paragraph as read time is important! 11a. Also check your closing paragraphs Same thing here. People tend to read the beginning and the end of an article more than any other parts. Yes, I am sorry to break it to you, people probably won't read your whole article (which is why we putting headings in!). So make sure your closing couple of paragraphs are engaging as well and, if you want people to do something (visit a site, leave a comment, follow you on social media etc.) then make sure you say that prominently. 12. Have a promotion strategy if you want more engagement I wish I wasn't just starting to do this myself. Content will get some natural traction on DEV and it may even get shared on social media by a couple of people. But you need to be in control of your own destiny and not leave it up to others! Build a following on social media and then make sure that you queue posts on the various social media channels to send out when you publish your article. It is a case of "the rich get richer" on DEV. If you article gets a lot of likes early on then more people are likely to click into it. If you get enough likes your article will then sit near the top of the "week" tab, where it will get more likes and views. All of this increased your chances of a share on social media...which adds more likes etc. So if you can give your article a boost when you first publish it then you are far more likely for it to do well. 13. Pay attention to comments (and reply!) Engaging with people who take the time to leave comments on your article (other than "thanks for this" type comments) is important. It is how you get people to follow you and more importantly the comments are where you pick up loads of hints and tips. Oh and for the love of all that is mighty please please .... 13a. Fix problems! If somebody pops up in your comments section telling you there are problems with your article and how to fix them then fix them . There is no excuse, it takes 2 minutes to make a couple of edits. Also, don't say "yeah I will fix it and then do nothing about it"...such as in this article where I left a comment with a couple of fixes (yes I am calling people out on this now, there is no excuse for leaving mistakes in articles and misinforming people!) Bonus Tip: Publish your article on your own site first (if you have one) Just a general Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) tip and only relevant if you have your own site (I still haven't got mine up and running yet!). Publish articles on your own site a few days before you publish on DEV and other platforms. Even though canonical URLs are meant to make sure you get the link juice etc. it isn't perfect. If you launch on your own site first and wait for Google to index the page then you are far more likely to get your own site appearing in Google search results. Conclusion Hopefully those 13+1 points are useful to you. If anything isn't clear please let me know in the comments. Oh and above all, you should follow me on Twitter I am about to ramp up my content game on the bird app, you need to follow just for the dad jokes! Oh and one last thing, if you are wondering why this article has 13 points + a bonus , then these two articles will make sure you are in on the joke! Oh and these articles have some great examples of what not to do if you want to produce high quality content. Enjoy (silly posts)! Article No Longer Available Article No Longer Available Top comments (28) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Marcin Wosinek Marcin Wosinek Marcin Wosinek Follow I'm JS developer with 13 years of professional experience. I'm always happy to teach my craft. Location Valencia, Spain Joined May 3, 2021 • Feb 27 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide About bonus tip - you can start very easily at hashnode; add there custom domain & maintain those two blogs very easily. I keep on publishing on dev.to first; but I immediately import the new post to hashnode, and set canonical URL to the hashnode one. dev.to seems to have bigger community, but hashnode isn't far behind. Being on two both platforms has a side effect of different post getting promoted by one or the other platform. If you want to join: hashnode.com/@marcin-wosinek/joinme Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Kolapo Damola Usman Kolapo Damola Usman Kolapo Damola Usman Follow I am a Frontend Engineer with a passion for building pixel-perfect web applications, with great user interface and user experience, and also teaching others what I learn I am interested in Web3, WebGL Joined Sep 29, 2021 • Apr 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hello Marcin So dev.to has the original article, while you republish on Hashnode, for indexing and SEO purposes But the bots crawl and recognize the article on dev.to as the original article Am i right? Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Marcin Wosinek Marcin Wosinek Marcin Wosinek Follow I'm JS developer with 13 years of professional experience. I'm always happy to teach my craft. Location Valencia, Spain Joined May 3, 2021 • May 2 '22 • Edited on May 2 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Sorry, I was mixing 2 things in my comment. How my articles are available online: the "orignal", with canonicalULR pointing to is at hashnode. I have my onw domain there, and I want to build the SEO of it for long term benefits. I republish at dev.to, medium, hackernoon. If I will find another decect dev blogging platform, I'll probalby republish there too. How it's easiest to achieve it: first, I publish at dev.to - only because dev.to don't have a good importing tool immedietly I import to hashnode - they have nice importer from dev.to I set canonicalULR in dev.to to point to my domain run by hashnode medium & hacker noon have decent import tools, so there I import direclty form hashnode The dev.to before hashnode is just workaround about tooling the two platforms ofert. My focus is on hashnode - or rather, my own domain. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Thread Thread Kolapo Damola Usman Kolapo Damola Usman Kolapo Damola Usman Follow I am a Frontend Engineer with a passion for building pixel-perfect web applications, with great user interface and user experience, and also teaching others what I learn I am interested in Web3, WebGL Joined Sep 29, 2021 • May 3 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks Marcin that was helpful Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Technology enthusiast and octopus lover. Coding makes me happy ! Follow me at https://blog.derlin.ch Location Switzerland Education Msc Work Software Engineer Joined Aug 2, 2021 • Dec 20 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for the tip @marcinwosinek ! I started using hashnode after reading your comment. I imported all my articles there, and now I have a question for you (as I am still new at this): should I set the canonical url to dev.to on my imported articles, or is it safe to change the canonical url of old articles in dev.to to point to the new article imported on hashnode ? Do you have an advice ? (I am talking only about the old/imported articles. For the new ones, I will set the canonical URL to hashnode). Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Marcin Wosinek Marcin Wosinek Marcin Wosinek Follow I'm JS developer with 13 years of professional experience. I'm always happy to teach my craft. Location Valencia, Spain Joined May 3, 2021 • Dec 21 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hello @derlin ! I don't know if moving the articles around hurts your SEO. I was conservative myself, and after migrating my blog I only imported stuff and set the canonical ULR to original dev.to location. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nathan S.R. Nathan S.R. Nathan S.R. Follow I develop open source softwares that can be used by all users freely. Education Electronics & Communication Engineer Work Former Database Team Manager - 24x7 , DBA Joined Feb 25, 2023 • Dec 25 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Helpful suggestions ! Thank you. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand joachim kliemann joachim kliemann joachim kliemann Follow Hi, i am a frontend developer working currently with Kirby / 11ty / CSS / JS Location Bremen Joined Sep 16, 2018 • Oct 2 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hey Marcin, I just started publishing some articles on dev.to. Your article helped me a lot. Thank you. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jay Jeckel Jay Jeckel Jay Jeckel Follow Time's 2006 Person of the Year Location Undefined, Null Education School of Hard Knocks Work Retired Freelancer Joined Dec 8, 2020 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide 7a. Brackets Method When you first use an acronym or abbreviation write out the full phrase and then put the shortened version in brackets. For example: In this article we will be using JavaScript (JS) to create a Single Page Application (SPA). Pedantic Note: I understand that in casual language certain flavors of English use the generic term "brackets" for parentheses, but when writing for developers it's probably best to use more specific terminology. [ and ] are Brackets or Square Brackets { and } are Braces or Curly Brackets < and > are Chevrons or Angle Brackets ( and ) are Parentheses or Round Brackets Otherwise, another great article! Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Accessibility Specialist. I focus on ensuring content created, events held and company assets are as accessible as possible, for as many people as possible. Location United Kingdown Work Head of Accessibility - SFG20 Joined Jan 2, 2021 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Will correct, not pedantic at all! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Accessibility Specialist. I focus on ensuring content created, events held and company assets are as accessible as possible, for as many people as possible. Location United Kingdown Work Head of Accessibility - SFG20 Joined Jan 2, 2021 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Think I fixed them, hard on phone! I will check in the morning when get to PC that I haven’t made a mistake! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Jay Jeckel Jay Jeckel Jay Jeckel Follow Time's 2006 Person of the Year Location Undefined, Null Education School of Hard Knocks Work Retired Freelancer Joined Dec 8, 2020 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Looks great. 👍 :) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Usama Khan Usama Khan Usama Khan Follow Just here to comments Joined Mar 23, 2022 • Mar 23 '22 • Edited on Mar 23 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hey HuOfficial, I just created my account to thank you for your wonderful article. You have a wonderful community in comment section. Thanks a lot 😍 Are you on HashNode? I could not find you their (sad emojy) I will never miss your snarky & engaging articles. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Accessibility Specialist. I focus on ensuring content created, events held and company assets are as accessible as possible, for as many people as possible. Location United Kingdown Work Head of Accessibility - SFG20 Joined Jan 2, 2021 • Mar 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you so much for the kind words! ❤ Glad you like my snarkiness 🤣 Yes I am on hashnode inhuofficial.hashnode.dev/ but I am currently writing a few series so I haven't released in a while (in fact, I stopped moving stuff to hashnode half way through so thanks for the reminder to put that back on the task list!). I was going to start releasing this week but I just got a new job, so middle of April the content should start coming again! I hope we get to interact some more either here or on hashnode when I return to releasing articles! Hopefully there will be enough snarkiness and silliness to keep you entertained 🤣❤ Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand m0nm m0nm m0nm Follow Self taught on the road to become a fullstack developer, Wish me luck! Location Algeria Joined Jan 6, 2022 • Mar 20 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Very helpful as usual. I always struggle with the opening paragraphs like why can't "hello read below" be enough 😂 Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Accessibility Specialist. I focus on ensuring content created, events held and company assets are as accessible as possible, for as many people as possible. Location United Kingdown Work Head of Accessibility - SFG20 Joined Jan 2, 2021 • Mar 20 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide 🤣 if you did that on every article you could make it like a signature start, could be funny! 🤣 Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Alvaro Montoro Alvaro Montoro Alvaro Montoro Follow CSS aficionado ⊆ Web Developer ⊆ Software Developer ⊆ Person (He/Him) Location Austin, TX Work UI Manager / CSS Aficionado Joined Apr 27, 2019 • Aug 20 '21 • Edited on Aug 20 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide 13+2: make it a list of actionable items. People seem to respond better to them even if they are long articles. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Accessibility Specialist. I focus on ensuring content created, events held and company assets are as accessible as possible, for as many people as possible. Location United Kingdown Work Head of Accessibility - SFG20 Joined Jan 2, 2021 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide What, like 101 accessibility tips? 😉 Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Alvaro Montoro Alvaro Montoro Alvaro Montoro Follow CSS aficionado ⊆ Web Developer ⊆ Software Developer ⊆ Person (He/Him) Location Austin, TX Work UI Manager / CSS Aficionado Joined Apr 27, 2019 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide No. More like "13++ More 🤯 Amazing 😍Tips for writing listicles [that will 🧨 blow people away]" or "3 general 🚀 Productivity 🚀 tools you should be using that you possibly haven't heard of ⁉" (the emojis are key + the poster image on the first one is priceless 😋) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Accessibility Specialist. I focus on ensuring content created, events held and company assets are as accessible as possible, for as many people as possible. Location United Kingdown Work Head of Accessibility - SFG20 Joined Jan 2, 2021 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yeah the artist is called nomad soul and they do some epicly funny images! Told you in your article, I am learning the way of the grift! 🤣 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Posandu Posandu Posandu Follow Joined Jun 24, 2021 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide At last !! A good post to read !! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Accessibility Specialist. I focus on ensuring content created, events held and company assets are as accessible as possible, for as many people as possible. Location United Kingdown Work Head of Accessibility - SFG20 Joined Jan 2, 2021 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Well...I hope so, it would be ironic if I wrote a crappy post when I am telling people how to write better posts! 🤣 Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aatmaj Aatmaj Aatmaj Follow I'm a Computer Science enthusiast with a keen interest in Maths. I like to tinker with things around me & practise Sahaja Yoga meditation. Do follow me on GitHub https://github.com/Aatmaj-Zephyr Email aatmaj.mhatre@gmail.com Location Mumbai, India Education Pursuing B.Tech from Somaiya Vidyavihar University Work Student of Computer Engineering Joined Apr 27, 2021 • Aug 21 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide True. You have lead by example👍 Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Accessibility Specialist. I focus on ensuring content created, events held and company assets are as accessible as possible, for as many people as possible. Location United Kingdown Work Head of Accessibility - SFG20 Joined Jan 2, 2021 • Aug 21 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Aww thanks, good to know I didn’t miss the mark! ❤️ Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Temani Afif Temani Afif Temani Afif Follow Your favorite CSS Hacker Joined Feb 11, 2021 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Your title is clickbait. I expected another Joke but you seems to be serious here 😒 Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Accessibility Specialist. I focus on ensuring content created, events held and company assets are as accessible as possible, for as many people as possible. Location United Kingdown Work Head of Accessibility - SFG20 Joined Jan 2, 2021 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Told you, I am trying to become a grifter, so that means I have to clickbait! Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Accessibility Specialist. I focus on ensuring content created, events held and company assets are as accessible as possible, for as many people as possible. Location United Kingdown Work Head of Accessibility - SFG20 Joined Jan 2, 2021 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I look forward to seeing the super high quality articles you all create! ❤ Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (28 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse GrahamTheDev Follow Accessibility Specialist. I focus on ensuring content created, events held and company assets are as accessible as possible, for as many people as possible. Location United Kingdown Work Head of Accessibility - SFG20 Joined Jan 2, 2021 More from GrahamTheDev The Perceptron! 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https://dev.to/ppabis/serverless-picture-gallery-on-google-cloud-part-2-57mc | Serverless Picture Gallery on Google Cloud - Part 2 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Piotr Pabis Posted on Jan 12 • Originally published at pabis.eu Serverless Picture Gallery on Google Cloud - Part 2 # gcp # googlecloud Google Cloud Serverless Picture Gallery (+AI ✨🤩❗️) (2 Part Series) 1 Serverless Picture Gallery on Google Cloud - Part 1 2 Serverless Picture Gallery on Google Cloud - Part 2 In this episode we will continue the project and implement uploading functionality using presigned URLs generated by Cloud Storage. What is more, on successful uploads we are going to trigger a Cloud Run Function that will pass the uploaded image to Vision API to describe it with labels that initially we will only print to the logs. To see the parts we will be creating, look at the diagram below. GitHub repository: ppabis/gcp-photos-gallery Back to part 1 Uploads bucket and permissions First we need a place to upload our images somewhere. For simplicity, we can create another bucket. I will also add lifecycle policy to this bucket so that it is being cleaned up every day in case some uploads cause failure in the function. What is also important is to allow uploading to the bucket from any domain. Cross Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) will block by default any interactions that are not coming from the same domain (in that case storage.googleapis.com ), so we need a custom header for this. resource "google_storage_bucket" "tmp_upload_bucket" { name = "tmp-upload- ${ random_string . bucket_name . result } " location = "EU" storage_class = "STANDARD" uniform_bucket_level_access = true force_destroy = true lifecycle_rule { action { type = "Delete" } condition { age = 1 } } cors { origin = [ "*" ] method = [ "PUT" , "POST" ] response_header = [ "Content-Type" ] max_age_seconds = 3600 } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode As the next step we need to allow our Cloud Run service to write to the bucket as well as generate presigned URLs. Even though we will not be directly writing any data from the container, presigned URLs will inherit the subset of permissions of the creator, in our case Cloud Run's Service Account. As you remember from the previous episode, we have attached an empty Service Account to the service. resource "google_storage_bucket_iam_member" "sa_storage_creator_tmp" { member = "serviceAccount: ${ google_service_account . cloud_run_sa . email } " bucket = google_storage_bucket . tmp_upload_bucket . name role = "roles/storage.objectCreator" } # Allow SA to sign URLs resource "google_service_account_iam_member" "sa_token_creator" { service_account_id = google_service_account . cloud_run_sa . name role = "roles/iam.serviceAccountTokenCreator" member = "serviceAccount: ${ google_service_account . cloud_run_sa . email } " } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Generating Presigned URLs for direct uploads to the bucket When we use Presigned URL to PUT or POST an object to the Cloud Storage, we save on network bandwidth and CPU cycles, as any compute service just throws an authenticated link to the user (which is some kilobytes long) and then it's just up to the client to interact with Cloud Storage. We just specify location, token and then all the bits go directly to the bucket. Let's define the function for uploading the images in Python. For simplicity, the following function will only process JPG images but in the repository you will find a more sophisticated function for many MIME types. import datetime , uuid , os from google.cloud import storage import google.auth import google.auth.transport.requests @app.get ( " /api/upload-url " ) def get_upload_url (): credentials , project_id = google . auth . default () credentials . refresh ( google . auth . transport . requests . Request ()) bucket_name = os . environ . get ( " UPLOAD_BUCKET " ) blob_name = f " { uuid . uuid4 () } .jpg " blob = storage . Client ( credentials = credentials ). bucket ( bucket_name ). blob ( blob_name ) url = blob . generate_signed_url ( version = " v4 " , expiration = datetime . timedelta ( minutes = 15 ), method = " PUT " , content_type = " image/jpeg " , access_token = credentials . token , service_account_email = credentials . service_account_email , ) return { " url " : url } @app.get ( " /upload " ) def upload_page ( request : fastapi . Request ): return templates . TemplateResponse ( " upload.html " , { " request " : request }) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode First, we need to refresh Google Cloud credentials, which will give us a new token. Then we will use these specific credentials for the Cloud Storage client and ask the service to sign the URL with our token. You might ask why can't we just do it like in AWS: use our IAM Role tied to Lambda to generate presigned URL? For some reason Google Cloud implements two types of credentials: one is typical tokens (like AWS STS with assumed roles) and another is "compute" credentials that have no private key that is needed for signing. It's just an implementation detail that nobody questions 🙄. Either way continuing with our website, now we need to upload the file somehow. In AWS S3 we would get a token for POST method that just accepts HTML forms. In GCP we need to use JavaScript to perform a PUT request. So our site will be a bit interactive. First we will generate a new signed URL when the user picks a file in file chooser and then we will perform a PUT on a button click. <div class= "upload-container" > <form id= "upload-form" > <input type= "file" id= "file-input" name= "file" accept= "image/*" required > <br> <button type= "submit" id= "upload-button" class= "btn-submit" disabled > Upload to Gallery </button> </form> </div> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode const fileInput = document . getElementById ( ' file-input ' ); const uploadButton = document . getElementById ( ' upload-button ' ); let signedUrl = null ; // When user selects a file, call /api/upload-url and enable the "Upload" button fileInput . addEventListener ( ' change ' , async function () { const file = this . files [ 0 ]; if ( file ) { console . log ( ' Requesting upload permission... ' ); try { const response = await fetch ( ' /api/upload-url ' ); const data = await response . json (); if ( data . url ) { signedUrl = data . url ; uploadButton . disabled = false ; } else console . log ( ' Error: ' + ( data . error || ' Could not get upload URL ' )); } catch ( e ) { console . log ( ' Error connecting to server. ' + e ); } } else { uploadButton . disabled = true ; signedUrl = null ; } }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now we can create another listener on button click that will perform the PUT request to server and send us back to the index of the website. const uploadForm = document . getElementById ( ' upload-form ' ); uploadForm . addEventListener ( ' submit ' , async function ( e ) { e . preventDefault (); if ( ! signedUrl || ! fileInput . files [ 0 ]) return ; uploadButton . disabled = true ; const file = fileInput . files [ 0 ]; try { const response = await fetch ( signedUrl , { method : ' PUT ' , body : file , headers : { ' Content-Type ' : ' image/jpeg ' } }); if ( ! response . ok ) throw new Error ( response . statusText ); console . log ( ' Upload successful! Redirect to index ' ); setTimeout (() => { window . location . href = ' / ' ; }, 2000 ); } catch ( error ) { console . log ( ' Error during upload. ' + error ); uploadButton . disabled = false ; } }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The last thing you have to do is to place UPLOAD_BUCKET environment variable in the original service we created in the previous part. resource "google_cloud_run_v2_service" "website_service" { name = "website-service" ... template { containers { ... env { name = "UPLOAD_BUCKET" value = google_storage_bucket . tmp_upload_bucket . name } } } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode I exposed the HTML file on /upload endpoint (although it's just a static file, you can host it in the bucket as well). Now when rebuild and redeploy the container and try to upload an image when you go to this URL on the Load Balancer, it should appear in the temporary bucket. Cloud Run Function for labeling the image We can now continue to create a Cloud Run Function that will process each uploaded image to the temporary bucket. For that we will use functions-framework library for Python (as this is my language of choice). It provides some decorators and classes that allow us to bind code and Cloud Run Functions infrastructure. Our function will be later triggered by Eventarc so we specify cloud_event as the entry point. This is similar to Lambda being triggered by EventBridge. import functions_framework from flask import request @functions_framework.cloud_event def process_image ( cloud_event ): data = cloud_event . data ... Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode I will also define a helper log function that will be useful to format the logs in a way expected by Logs Explorer and set the severity of the log as well. Next I will define another function that will call Vision API with the path to the uploaded object in the bucket. This function will get the applied labels with scores formatted as string to be easy to use later. @functions_framework.cloud_event def process_image ( cloud_event ): data = cloud_event . data def log ( msg , sev = " INFO " ): header = request . headers . get ( " X-Cloud-Trace-Context " ) tid = header . split ( " / " )[ 0 ] if header else " n/a " print ( json . dumps ({ " message " : msg , " severity " : sev , " logging.googleapis.com/trace " : tid })) image_path = f " gs:// { data [ ' bucket ' ] } / { data [ ' name ' ] } " labels = label_image ( image_path , log ) log ( " Labels detected by Vision API: " + " , " . join ( labels )) from google.cloud import vision def label_image ( image_path , log ): client = vision . ImageAnnotatorClient () image = vision . Image () image . source . gcs_image_uri = image_path try : log ( f " Labelling image: { image_path } " ) response = client . label_detection ( image = image ) if response . error . message : raise Exception ( response . error . message ) labels = response . label_annotations return [ f " { label . description } (score: { label . score : . 2 f } ) " for label in labels ] except Exception as e : log ( f " Error processing image with Vision API: { e } " , " ERROR " ) raise e Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Packing the function and deploying Just as Lambda we need to package the Cloud Run function as a ZIP file. But also we need to put it into a bucket first and then give Cloud Run gs:// location. The following Terraform code will zip and upload the code to the bucket and do it every time there are changes in image_processor directory. Remember to also add requirements.txt in this directory with the following: functions-framework==3.* google-cloud-vision google-cloud-storage Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode resource "google_storage_bucket" "function_source_bucket" { name = "function-source- ${ random_string . bucket_name . result } " location = "EU" storage_class = "STANDARD" uniform_bucket_level_access = true force_destroy = true } data "archive_file" "processor_source" { type = "zip" source_dir = " ${ path . module} /image_processor" output_path = " ${ path . module} /image_processor.zip" } resource "google_storage_bucket_object" "processor_zip" { name = "source- ${data . archive_file . processor_source . output_md5 } .zip" bucket = google_storage_bucket . function_source_bucket . name source = data . archive_file . processor_source . output_path } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now we can define the new Cloud Run Function along with its Service Account. We will give permissions to read data in the temporary bucket as well as execute Vision API. To make the function future-proof, I will also set the memory to 512 MB and give a generous timeout of 200 seconds. resource "google_cloudfunctions2_function" "image_processor" { name = "image-processor" location = "europe-west4" description = "Background processor for uploaded images" build_config { runtime = "python311" entry_point = "process_image" source { storage_source { bucket = google_storage_bucket . function_source_bucket . name object = google_storage_bucket_object . processor_zip . name } } } service_config { max_instance_count = 3 available_memory = "512M" timeout_seconds = 200 service_account_email = google_service_account . processor_sa . email } # event_trigger { ... to be revisited later } } resource "google_service_account" "processor_sa" { account_id = "image-processor-sa" display_name = "Service Account for Image Processor Function" } resource "google_storage_bucket_iam_member" "processor_storage_viewer" { bucket = google_storage_bucket . tmp_upload_bucket . name role = "roles/storage.objectViewer" member = "serviceAccount: ${ google_service_account . processor_sa . email } " } resource "google_project_iam_member" "processor_vision_user" { project = var . project_id role = "roles/visionai.admin" member = "serviceAccount: ${ google_service_account . processor_sa . email } " } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode But this is not all! Next we need to define a trigger that will cause any uploaded object into the bucket to invoke this function. For that we will need additional service account with specific permissions, namely receiving events from Eventarc, invoking this function and being usable by global Eventarc service account. We also need to allow Cloud Storage to use Pub/Sub in our project. # All the permissions configuration resource "google_service_account" "processor_event_sa" { account_id = "image-processor-event-sa" display_name = "Service Account for tmp Bucket events" } resource "google_project_iam_member" "processor_event_receiver" { project = var . project_id role = "roles/eventarc.eventReceiver" member = "serviceAccount: ${ google_service_account . processor_event_sa . email } " } resource "google_cloud_run_v2_service_iam_member" "processor_invoker" { location = google_cloudfunctions2_function . image_processor . location project = google_cloudfunctions2_function . image_processor . project name = google_cloudfunctions2_function . image_processor . name role = "roles/run.invoker" member = "serviceAccount: ${ google_service_account . processor_event_sa . email } " } data "google_project" "project" {} resource "google_service_account_iam_member" "eventarc_sa_user" { service_account_id = google_service_account . processor_event_sa . name role = "roles/iam.serviceAccountUser" member = "serviceAccount:service- ${data . google_project . project . number } @gcp-sa-eventarc.iam.gserviceaccount.com" } resource "google_project_iam_member" "gcs_pubsub_publishing" { project = var . project_id role = "roles/pubsub.publisher" member = "serviceAccount:service- ${data . google_project . project . number } @gs-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com" } ### Edit the Cloud Run function and add a trigger resource "google_cloudfunctions2_function" "image_processor" { name = "image-processor" location = "europe-west4" ... event_trigger { trigger_region = "eu" event_type = "google.cloud.storage.object.v1.finalized" retry_policy = "RETRY_POLICY_DO_NOT_RETRY" service_account_email = google_service_account . processor_event_sa . email event_filters { attribute = "bucket" value = google_storage_bucket . tmp_upload_bucket . name } } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now when you upload any image to the bucket you should see in the Logs Explorer and entry with the list of the labels that were created by Vision API along with the scores. However, not all images receive labels. Often screenshots or memes cannot be classified by this service. Moving forward In the next episode of this series, we are going to finish the project by enhancing each image using Gemini on Vertex AI, storing the results in a Firestore database and listing those on the main site. Google Cloud Serverless Picture Gallery (+AI ✨🤩❗️) (2 Part Series) 1 Serverless Picture Gallery on Google Cloud - Part 1 2 Serverless Picture Gallery on Google Cloud - Part 2 Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Piotr Pabis Follow 15x AWS Certified Community Builder Location Berlin, Germany Education Gdańsk University of Technology Work ABOUT YOU SE Joined Mar 1, 2024 More from Piotr Pabis Serverless Picture Gallery on Google Cloud - Part 1 # googlecloud # gcp 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/aws-heroes/when-serving-images-from-s3-stopped-being-good-enough-233f | When serving images from S3 stopped being good enough - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Allen Helton for AWS Heroes Posted on Jan 7 • Originally published at readysetcloud.io When serving images from S3 stopped being good enough # serverless # blogging I published my first blog post 7 years ago. I wrote on Medium for about a year before I built Ready, Set, Cloud . For most of its life, the site hasn't had much of a facelift or performance updates. It's primarily served as a home for my writing, newsletter, and podcast. I've been running this site for six years. I'm usually the kind of person who can't leave things alone for long, yet this has been largely unchanged for years. It worked. Until it didn't. When I finally took a look at site performance, something was painfully obvious. Images. PageSpeed Insights showed that large, unoptimized images were dominating load time. Single file sizes served directly from S3, no format negotiation, and no caching were starting to add up. That setup wasn't wrong when I built it. It was a perfectly reasonable tradeoff at the time. It was simple, low maintenance, and honestly, good enough . The site had a couple dozen readers, and small-scale simplicity won. But as the site grew, both in content and audience, performance expectations changed. Serving raw images straight from S3 no longer cut it. The site outgrew its initial build. What I needed from image delivery The knee-jerk reaction is to jump into S3 and manually optimize a bunch of images. That fixes a symptom, but it doesn't solve the underlying problem. I needed to step back and rethink what image delivery should look like for a content-heavy site serving tens of thousands of monthly visitors. Manually resizing images, converting them to web-friendly formats, and deciding which size to upload per post was never going to scale. More importantly, I didn't want to change my workflow. I wanted to continue to write, publish, and move on without adding in layers of performance checking. A good system should make that possible. It should optimize images automatically in the background. It should serve modern formats like WebP when the browser supports them. It should provide multiple image sizes so mobile devices aren't downloading desktop-sized assets. And it should be aggressively cacheable, because image delivery is a solved problem, and CDNs already do this exceptionally well. Thinking about these requirements, I realized I wasn't really looking to build a new image optimization tool (like I would have done in the past). Instead, I was updating the site's image handling capabilities so these decisions were made once, centrally, in an industry-standard way. Fitting a CDN into the workflow I upload images to Ready, Set, Cloud using a small JavaScript script that lives in the repo. It takes a file prefix, scans a local folder for matching files, and uploads them directly to S3. There's no web UI and no automation that tries to interpret content. It's simple by design, and I wanted to keep it that way. That simplicity turns out to be a feature. Because images already flow through S3, the system can react to uploads without changing the workflow at all. Image uploads automatically trigger a Rust Lambda function ( through EventBridge ) that converts the original image to WebP and generates a handful of standard sizes. Those optimized versions are written back to S3 alongside the original. This does a few important things. First, it makes image optimization deterministic - meaning every image goes through the same process every time. Second, it keeps work off the critical path. All of this happens asynchronously and doesn't interfere with the rest of the publishing workflow like cross-posting , writing analytics , or scheduling . Finally, I added a CloudFront distribution in front of the S3 bucket. That keeps delivery fast and predictable by serving cached assets from points of presence around the world. Because it points at the existing bucket, there's no data migration involved. Image delivery improves without changing where anything lives. Serving the right format without changing URLs Once image processing was handled, delivery became the next concern. All optimized assets were already in S3, but I wasn't interested in changing 2,000+ image links across existing content just to take advantage of them. The answer was to push that behavior into the CDN. By updating the distribution to look for WebP support in the Accept header , requests for images could be routed to the optimized versions without changing a single URL. Modern browsers already advertise their supported formats, so content negotiation becomes a routing concern rather than a frontend one. A CloudFront function runs on the viewer request event and rewrites the request path whenever the browser advertises WebP support. It doesn't check whether the WebP file exists - that's resolved later when CloudFront fetches from the origin (the S3 bucket). The important part is that the rewrite happens consistently at the edge, and the resulting response is cached, so subsequent requests follow the same path. Letting the browser choose the right size Using WebP was only one part of the solution. Once multiple sizes of every image existed automatically, the next question was which one to serve. Mobile screens don't need desktop-sized images, and high-DPI displays can benefit from larger ones. Not to mention saving on load times for thumbnails on the home page. Using srcset allows the browser to make that choice on its own. The markup stays the same, there's no runtime logic, and each client downloads only what it actually needs. The responsibility for choosing the right size moves to the client, where that decision can be made with full context. <img src= "/images/diagram.png" srcset= " /images/diagram-480.webp 480w, /images/diagram-960.webp 960w, /images/diagram-1600.webp 1600w" sizes= "(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" alt= "..." /> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ready, Set, Cloud is a static site generated by Hugo . In my case, adding srcset support meant overriding the render-image hook and adding a small amount of logic to create the additional attribute. Performance improvements and an unexpected bonus My primary goal with all this was to decrease load times so my site felt snappy without adding anything to my existing workflow. With the image optimization component plus the CDN for cached delivery (and the client-side srcset addition), I'm pleased to say page payloads dropped significantly. Pages render faster, Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) improved, and overall performance is more predictable. On my homepage, the First Contentful Paint (FCP) dropped from 4.5 seconds to under a second . Load times are much more consistent across desktop and mobile as well, which has been an ongoing challenge. The unexpected bonus was that these same changes also helped with search engine rankings. Faster pages, smaller downloads, and aggressively cached assets all feed into Core Web Vitals . So without targeting SEO explicitly, the site became easier to crawl, faster to index, and rank higher in search results simply by prioritizing user experience. Making this easy to reuse If you've built your own blog, you've probably run into these performance bottlenecks just like I have, and that's okay. Serving assets out of S3 is a valid solution and has worked well for me for six years as the site grew. When my constraints changed, I wanted to extend the system without changing the deployment workflow. If you're interested in the same improvements I've described here, this setup is available in the Serverless Application Repository as a drop-in addition to an existing system. The full source is also available in GitHub if you want to dig into the details or adapt it further. Above all else, this was about taking an entire class of decisions around image formats, sizes, and caching, and keeping them out of the day-to-day workflow. With everything in place, performance simply happens by default. This was as fun as it was important for Ready, Set, Cloud. I wanted something easy to adopt, easy to remove, and something that quietly does the right thing as everything else moves around it. Happy coding! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse AWS Heroes Follow A vibrant, worldwide group of AWS experts. 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https://dev.to/wellallytech/state-management-simplified-choosing-between-zustand-and-redux-for-health-apps-4p2d | State Management Simplified: Choosing Between Zustand and Redux for Health Apps - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse wellallyTech Posted on Jan 13 • Originally published at wellally.tech State Management Simplified: Choosing Between Zustand and Redux for Health Apps # javascript # reactnative # react # architecture Building a health application involves more than just a clean interface. It requires managing sensitive, real-time data—from blood glucose fluctuations to complex medication schedules—without compromising performance. In a modern React Native environment, the way you handle "state" (the data flowing through your app) determines whether your platform remains stable or becomes a tangled mess of bugs. For developers scaling past basic hooks, choosing the right tool is a critical architectural decision. To see how these tools compare in a production environment, you may find our state management guide helpful for mapping out your project. Why Health Apps Are Unique Health technology presents challenges that standard "to-do list" apps rarely face. The data is often interdependent and time-sensitive . Real-time Streams: Data from wearables or glucose monitors often updates every few minutes. Predictive Logic: Apps may need to calculate "insulin-on-board" or predict future heart rate trends based on recent activity. Data Synchronization: Information must remain consistent across dashboards, logbooks, and backend servers simultaneously. Using basic tools like useState in these scenarios often leads to "prop drilling," which is associated with decreased code maintainability and slower performance. Comparing the Contenders: Zustand vs. Redux Toolkit Two primary libraries dominate the React Native landscape. Each offers a different philosophy for managing complex health data. 1. Zustand: The Minimalist Approach Zustand is a lightweight (1KB) library that uses a hook-based API. It is designed to be unopinionated, meaning it doesn't force you into a specific structure. Benefit : Extremely low boilerplate and a fast learning curve. Best For : Small to medium teams that need to move quickly and prioritize a small app bundle size. 2. Redux Toolkit: The Structured Heavyweight Redux Toolkit (RTK) is the modern version of the classic Redux library. It provides a highly structured, "unidirectional" data flow. Benefit : Exceptional debugging tools (Redux DevTools) and powerful data-fetching capabilities via RTK Query. Best For : Large-scale health platforms with many developers and highly complex, interconnected features. Feature Comparison at a Glance Feature Zustand Redux Toolkit Bundle Size ~1KB (Gzipped) Larger (includes Immer/Thunk) Boilerplate Minimal (Hook-based) Moderate (Slices/Reducers) Debugging Basic Middleware Advanced (Time-travel debugging) Learning Curve Gentle Moderate to Steep Security Considerations for Health Data Regardless of the library you choose, remember that state management tools do not inherently secure your data. When handling Protected Health Information (PHI), security remains your responsibility. Evidence suggests that storing sensitive data in a global state can be risky. We recommend using EncryptedStorage for persistence rather than standard AsyncStorage . Always ensure that user-specific state is completely wiped upon logout to prevent data leakage. The Senior Editor’s Verdict Choosing a state management tool is a "prescription" for your app's long-term health. If your priority is speed and a lightweight footprint for a focused utility, Zustand is likely your best path. However, if you are building a multi-faceted platform where data consistency and deep debugging are non-negotiable, the structure of Redux Toolkit is a safer investment for scalability. For a comprehensive walkthrough of code implementations and advanced architectural patterns, we invite you to read WellAlly’s full guide . Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse wellallyTech Follow an AI-powered lifelong health data platform helping individuals and families track, analyze, and optimize their wellness. Joined Jan 23, 2025 More from wellallyTech Digital Gardens: Building a Private Space to Cultivate Your Mental Well-being # nextjs # webdev # react # mentalhealth 3D Anatomy Modeling: Build Interactive Features to Visualize Muscle Engagement # frontend # react # threejs # datavisualization Real-Time Dashboards: Building a Heart Rate Monitor Enhances Remote Health Tracking # node # tutorial # fullstack # react 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close About Open Forem Welcome to Open Forem! The Town Square of the Forem Ecosystem Hello and welcome! We're glad you're here. The Forem ecosystem is home to many vibrant, focused communities. But what about the conversations that don't quite fit into a single niche? The random shower thoughts, the broad questions, the fascinating links you just have to share? That's why Open Forem exists. This is our digital commons—a place for open discussion, cross-disciplinary ideas, and the kind of conversations that connect us all. If it doesn't have a dedicated home elsewhere, it belongs here. What We're All About Our mission is simple: to provide a welcoming space for any and all constructive conversations. Think of us as the central hub where members from every corner of the Forem universe can come together to share ideas, ask questions, and explore topics outside of their usual domains. We are a community driven by curiosity. Whether you want to talk about the latest breakthrough in space exploration, share your favorite productivity hack, debate the philosophy of a new film, or simply ask a question you've been pondering, you're in the right place. What to Post and Discuss If you're wondering what to share, the answer is: almost anything! We encourage a wide range of content. Here are a few ideas to get you started: General Discussions: Start a conversation about technology, art, science, culture, or society. Ask the Community: Have a question that doesn't fit a specific Q&A site? Ask it here! Share Something Cool: Found an interesting article, a thought-provoking video, or a fascinating podcast? Share it and tell us why you liked it. 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https://open.forem.com/privacy#8-supplemental-disclosures-for-california-residents | Privacy Policy - Open Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Open Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where all the other conversations belong Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
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Right menu Manual Testing Techniques, Boundary Value Analysis, Decision Table Testing and The future of manual testing in the age of (AI) Thillai Devi Kanthan Thillai Devi Kanthan Thillai Devi Kanthan Follow Mar 16 '25 Manual Testing Techniques, Boundary Value Analysis, Decision Table Testing and The future of manual testing in the age of (AI) # testing # decisiontabletesting # boundaryvalueanalysis # ai Comments Add Comment 4 min read SEO AI Unlocks the Potential for Traffic Growth in New Websites: A Step-by-Step Guide Juddiy Juddiy Juddiy Follow Feb 21 '25 SEO AI Unlocks the Potential for Traffic Growth in New Websites: A Step-by-Step Guide # tooling # ai # webdev # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read How I Test Web3 Products Before Release – A QA Engineer's Perspective Leo Scott Leo Scott Leo Scott Follow Mar 26 '25 How I Test Web3 Products Before Release – A QA Engineer's Perspective # qa # testing # web3 # blockchain 14 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Cypress Dynamic Fixtures Greg Greg Greg Follow Mar 26 '25 Cypress Dynamic Fixtures # cypress # npm # javascript # testing 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Checking for the testing vignesh vignesh vignesh Follow Feb 20 '25 Checking for the testing # testing # selenium # java Comments Add Comment 1 min read Types Of Testing Environment In TestGrid George Choe George Choe George Choe Follow Feb 20 '25 Types Of Testing Environment In TestGrid # testing # testgrid # ai # devops 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read honeypot 🐝 Driss Nafii Driss Nafii Driss Nafii Follow Mar 26 '25 honeypot 🐝 # testing # laravel Comments Add Comment 2 min read Key Phases of the Performance Testing Life Cycle Testscenario Testscenario Testscenario Follow Feb 20 '25 Key Phases of the Performance Testing Life Cycle # testing # performance Comments Add Comment 4 min read Test Unitaire Laravel Driss Nafii Driss Nafii Driss Nafii Follow Mar 26 '25 Test Unitaire Laravel # testing # laravel Comments Add Comment 2 min read API Testing: A Beginner’s Guide Utkarsh Utkarsh Utkarsh Follow Feb 19 '25 API Testing: A Beginner’s Guide # testing # tutorial # api # postman Comments Add Comment 2 min read SOFTWARE TESTING Sujatha R Sujatha R Sujatha R Follow Feb 19 '25 SOFTWARE TESTING # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Million-Dollar Problem of Slow Microservices Testing Signadot Signadot Signadot Follow Mar 24 '25 The Million-Dollar Problem of Slow Microservices Testing # microservices # testing # devops # productivity 9 reactions Comments 3 comments 7 min read Healthcare Application Testing: A Step-by-Step Guide for QA Teams TestGrid TestGrid TestGrid Follow Mar 24 '25 Healthcare Application Testing: A Step-by-Step Guide for QA Teams # testing # webdev # programming # ai 21 reactions Comments 1 comment 7 min read How to learn something new while solving errors Rahul Chaurasia Rahul Chaurasia Rahul Chaurasia Follow Feb 19 '25 How to learn something new while solving errors # webdev # beginners # testing # frontend Comments Add Comment 3 min read Go 1.24: Testes de Benchmark Matheus Mina Matheus Mina Matheus Mina Follow Mar 25 '25 Go 1.24: Testes de Benchmark # news # go # testing 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Go 1.24: Benchmark Tests Matheus Mina Matheus Mina Matheus Mina Follow Mar 25 '25 Go 1.24: Benchmark Tests # news # go # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read Black Box Testing: A Developer-Friendly Guide to Methods, Types, and Best Practices Testscenario Testscenario Testscenario Follow Mar 24 '25 Black Box Testing: A Developer-Friendly Guide to Methods, Types, and Best Practices # testing # qa # webdev # devto 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read End-to-End API Testing Guide and Best Practices Adrian Machado Adrian Machado Adrian Machado Follow for Zuplo Feb 18 '25 End-to-End API Testing Guide and Best Practices # testing # api Comments Add Comment 11 min read Docker + Cypress in 2025: How I’ve Perfected My E2E Testing Setup Valdemar Valdemar Valdemar Follow for Cypress Mar 20 '25 Docker + Cypress in 2025: How I’ve Perfected My E2E Testing Setup # docker # cypress # testing # devops 56 reactions Comments 8 comments 6 min read What Is Self-Healing Test Automation and How It Works? TahneetKanwal TahneetKanwal TahneetKanwal Follow Mar 24 '25 What Is Self-Healing Test Automation and How It Works? # automation # testing # qa 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Deterministic Unit Tests in Swift Concurrency Abel Demoz Abel Demoz Abel Demoz Follow Mar 21 '25 Deterministic Unit Tests in Swift Concurrency # swift # testing # ios # mobile Comments 1 comment 9 min read Uma alternativa de processo seletivo para contratar melhores QAs Talking About Testing Talking About Testing Talking About Testing Follow Mar 21 '25 Uma alternativa de processo seletivo para contratar melhores QAs # qualityassurance # testing # softwaredevelopment # career 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read What is Isolation Testing? Best Tool for Isolation Testing Dinesh Thakur Dinesh Thakur Dinesh Thakur Follow for Requestly Feb 15 '25 What is Isolation Testing? Best Tool for Isolation Testing # testing # requestly 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read [Part 7]File I/O and Data Persistence in Python for QA Automation TestAmplify TestAmplify TestAmplify Follow Mar 21 '25 [Part 7]File I/O and Data Persistence in Python for QA Automation # python # selenium # automation # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read [Part 6]Error Handling and Exception Handling in Python for Robustness TestAmplify TestAmplify TestAmplify Follow Mar 21 '25 [Part 6]Error Handling and Exception Handling in Python for Robustness # python # selenium # automation # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Right menu CKA (Certified Kubernetes Administrator) Exam Report 2026: Don’t Rely on Old Guides (Mastering the Post-2025 Revision) Atsushi Suzuki Atsushi Suzuki Atsushi Suzuki Follow Jan 13 CKA (Certified Kubernetes Administrator) Exam Report 2026: Don’t Rely on Old Guides (Mastering the Post-2025 Revision) # kubernetes # certification # devops # learning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Mi Top Certificiaciones en IT Como Propositos Para Este 2026 Francisco Moreno Francisco Moreno Francisco Moreno Follow Jan 13 Mi Top Certificiaciones en IT Como Propositos Para Este 2026 # aws # kubernetes # certification # cloud Comments Add Comment 11 min read AZ-104 Azure Administrator Cheat Sheet – 2026 Exam Notes Brent G Saucedo Brent G Saucedo Brent G Saucedo Follow Jan 13 AZ-104 Azure Administrator Cheat Sheet – 2026 Exam Notes # azure # cloud # certification # devops Comments Add Comment 4 min read AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional: Exam Overview & Foundation Strategy (Part 1) MakendranG MakendranG MakendranG Follow Jan 11 AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional: Exam Overview & Foundation Strategy (Part 1) # ai # machinelearning # aws # certification 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 1: Exam Overview & Foundations) MakendranG MakendranG MakendranG Follow Jan 11 AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 1: Exam Overview & Foundations) # ai # machinelearning # aws # certification 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 16 min read AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 2: Advanced Learning & Exam Prep) MakendranG MakendranG MakendranG Follow Jan 11 AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 2: Advanced Learning & Exam Prep) # ai # aws # certification # machinelearning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 13 min read How to pass the PNPT (2026) Mr 3 Mr 3 Mr 3 Follow Jan 11 How to pass the PNPT (2026) # cybersecurity # penetrationtesting # pentesting # certification Comments Add Comment 13 min read How to Prepare for a Certification in any Tech Career KWAN KWAN KWAN Follow Jan 9 How to Prepare for a Certification in any Tech Career # programming # cloud # aws # certification 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 4 min read How to Prepare for a Certification in any Tech Career Walter Alleyz Walter Alleyz Walter Alleyz Follow Jan 4 How to Prepare for a Certification in any Tech Career # certification # aws # cloud # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read Passing the AWS Machine Learning Engineer – Associate Exam (My Experience & Tips) Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 4 Passing the AWS Machine Learning Engineer – Associate Exam (My Experience & Tips) # aws # certification Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Avoid Getting Lost in the Vast Cybersecurity Certification World Emanuele Balsamo Emanuele Balsamo Emanuele Balsamo Follow for CyberPath Jan 2 How to Avoid Getting Lost in the Vast Cybersecurity Certification World # certification # career # careergrowth # cybersecuritycertifications Comments Add Comment 5 min read Create a Professional Certification Quiz with Kiro Olivier Lemaitre Olivier Lemaitre Olivier Lemaitre Follow Jan 11 Create a Professional Certification Quiz with Kiro # aws # certification # programming # genai 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read A reading first GH-300 cert prep: what to study, what to skip, and what actually matters Majdi Zlitni Majdi Zlitni Majdi Zlitni Follow Dec 28 '25 A reading first GH-300 cert prep: what to study, what to skip, and what actually matters # githubcopilot # certification # learning # github Comments Add Comment 5 min read Relearning How to Learn: Preparing for AWS Certifications with ADHD Andrew Kalik Andrew Kalik Andrew Kalik Follow Dec 27 '25 Relearning How to Learn: Preparing for AWS Certifications with ADHD # aws # certification # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 3 min read Beginner’s guide to CompTIA Security+ Dinesh Chakra Dinesh Chakra Dinesh Chakra Follow Dec 20 '25 Beginner’s guide to CompTIA Security+ # comptia # cybersecurity # ittraining # certification 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Review Coursera Course - Programming with Google Go Akkarapon Phikulsri Akkarapon Phikulsri Akkarapon Phikulsri Follow Jan 7 Review Coursera Course - Programming with Google Go # programming # webdev # go # certification Comments Add Comment 2 min read 16 hands-on exercises to prepare for the AWS Certified CloudOps Engineer - Associate certification exam Arpad Toth Arpad Toth Arpad Toth Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 18 '25 16 hands-on exercises to prepare for the AWS Certified CloudOps Engineer - Associate certification exam # aws # certification # cloudskills 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Top 7 Cybersecurity Certifications to Launch Your Career in 2026 SRF DEVELOPER SRF DEVELOPER SRF DEVELOPER Follow Dec 8 '25 Top 7 Cybersecurity Certifications to Launch Your Career in 2026 # cybersecurity # career # certification # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional (SAP-C02) Exam Guide Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 6 '25 AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional (SAP-C02) Exam Guide # aws # certification # sap # 2025 Comments Add Comment 1 min read The Ultimate ServiceNow CIS-DF (Data Foundations) Exam Cheat Sheet Brent G Saucedo Brent G Saucedo Brent G Saucedo Follow Jan 7 The Ultimate ServiceNow CIS-DF (Data Foundations) Exam Cheat Sheet # servicenow # certification # cmdb # devops 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read My Experience with Azure Certification Renewal: Key Topics, Sample Questions, and Tips Kailash Nirmal Kailash Nirmal Kailash Nirmal Follow Dec 3 '25 My Experience with Azure Certification Renewal: Key Topics, Sample Questions, and Tips # azure # azure204 # certification # cloud Comments Add Comment 2 min read From Panelist & Mentor to Speaker to AWS Certified – A Defining Week in My AWS Journey Venkata Pavan Vishnu Rachapudi Venkata Pavan Vishnu Rachapudi Venkata Pavan Vishnu Rachapudi Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 25 '25 From Panelist & Mentor to Speaker to AWS Certified – A Defining Week in My AWS Journey # techtalks # aws # speaker # certification 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Diario de una builder: Preparándonos para AWS Machine Learning desde cero – Otro camino para llegar a Roma Diana Castro Diana Castro Diana Castro Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 29 '25 Diario de una builder: Preparándonos para AWS Machine Learning desde cero – Otro camino para llegar a Roma # aws # machinelearning # ai # certification 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 15 min read How I Passed the AWS DevOps Engineer Certification Sasmita Gurung Sasmita Gurung Sasmita Gurung Follow Nov 24 '25 How I Passed the AWS DevOps Engineer Certification # devops # aws # certification # cloudcomputing Comments Add Comment 3 min read Caught Up in the Cert Chase (And What I Learnt About Coding) Medea Medea Medea Follow Dec 10 '25 Caught Up in the Cert Chase (And What I Learnt About Coding) # certification # programming # productivity 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... trending guides/resources The Ultimate ServiceNow CIS-DF (Data Foundations) Exam Cheat Sheet How I Finally Passed the AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Professional Exam (SAP-C02) Cloud Practitioner Exam Guide From Panelist & Mentor to Speaker to AWS Certified – A Defining Week in My AWS Journey AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 1: Exam Overview & Foundati... AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional: Exam Overview & Foundation Strategy (Part 1) Boosting Your Upwork Journey with Credly Certifications Top 7 Cybersecurity Certifications to Launch Your Career in 2026 Yet Another AWS AI Certification - AI Professional How I Passed the AWS DevOps Engineer Certification Passing the AWS Machine Learning Engineer – Associate Exam (My Experience & Tips) AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional (SAP-C02) Exam Guide My Experience with Azure Certification Renewal: Key Topics, Sample Questions, and Tips 16 hands-on exercises to prepare for the AWS Certified CloudOps Engineer - Associate certificatio... Caught Up in the Cert Chase (And What I Learnt About Coding) A reading first GH-300 cert prep: what to study, what to skip, and what actually matters AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 2: Advanced Learning & Exam... Beginner’s guide to CompTIA Security+ Relearning How to Learn: Preparing for AWS Certifications with ADHD Diario de una builder: Preparándonos para AWS Machine Learning desde cero – Otro camino para lleg... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a blogging-forward open source social network where we learn from one another Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://stripe.com/en-mt/privacy | Chat with Stripe sales Privacy Policy Stripe logo Legal Stripe Privacy Policy & Privacy Center Privacy Policy Cookies Policy Data Privacy Framework Service Providers List Data Processing Agreement Supplier Data Processing Agreement Stripe Privacy Center Privacy Policy This Privacy Policy will be updated on January 16, 2026. Please review the upcoming changes here . Last updated: January 16, 2025 This Privacy Policy includes important information about your personal data and we encourage you to read it carefully. Welcome We provide financial infrastructure for the internet. Individuals and businesses of all sizes use our technology and services to facilitate purchases, accept payments, send payouts, and manage online businesses. This Privacy Policy (“Policy”) describes the Personal Data that we collect, how we use and share it, and details on how you can reach us with privacy-related inquiries. The Policy also outlines your rights and choices as a data subject, including the right to object to certain uses of your Personal Data. Depending on the activity, Stripe assumes the role of a “data controller” and/or “data processor” (or “service provider”). For more details about our privacy practices, including our role, the specific Stripe entity responsible under this Policy, and our legal bases for processing your Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . Defined Terms In this Policy, “Stripe”, “we”, “our,” or “us” refers to the Stripe entity responsible for the collection, use, and handling of Personal Data as described in this document. Depending on your jurisdiction, the specific Stripe entity accountable for your Personal Data might vary. Learn More . “Personal Data” refers to any information associated with an identified or identifiable individual, which can include data that you provide to us, and that we collect about you during your interaction with our Services (such as device information, IP address, etc.). “Services” refers to the products, services, devices, and applications, that we provide under the Stripe Services Agreement (“Business Services”) or the Stripe Consumer Terms of Service (“End User Services”); websites (“Sites”) like Stripe.com and Link.com; and other Stripe applications and online services. We provide Business Services to entities (“Business Users”). We provide End User Services directly to individuals for their personal use. “Financial Partners” are financial institutions, banks, and other partners such as payment method acquirers, payout providers, and card networks that we partner with to provide the Services. Depending on the context, “you” might be an End Customer, End User, Representative, or Visitor: End Users. When you use an End User Service, such as saving a payment method with Link, for personal use we refer to you as an “End User.” End Customers. When you are not directly transacting with Stripe, but we receive your Personal Data to provide Services to a Business User, including when you make a purchase from a Business User on a Stripe Checkout page or receive payments from a Business User, we refer to you as an “End Customer.” Representatives. When you are acting on behalf of an existing or potential Business User—perhaps as a company founder, account administrator for a Business User, or a recipient of an employee credit card from a Business User via Stripe Issuing—we refer to you as a “Representative.” Visitors. When you interact with Stripe by visiting a Site without being logged into a Stripe account, or when your interaction with Stripe does not involve you being an End User, End Customer, or Representative, we refer to you as a “Visitor.” For example, you are a Visitor when you send a message to Stripe asking for more information about our Services. In this Policy, “Transaction Data” refers to data collected and used by Stripe to facilitate transactions you request. Some Transaction Data is Personal Data and may include: your name, email address, contact number, billing and shipping address, payment method information (like credit or debit card number, bank account details, or payment card image chosen by you), merchant and location details, amount and date of purchase, and in some instances, information about what was purchased. 1. Personal Data that we collect and how we use and share it 2. More ways we collect, use and share Personal Data 3. Legal bases for processing data 4. Your rights and choices 5. Security and retention 6. International data transfers 7. Updates and notifications 8. Jurisdiction-specific provisions 9. Contact us 10. US Consumer Privacy Notice 1. Personal Data we collect and how we use and share it Our collection and use of Personal Data differs based on whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, and the specific Service that you are using. For example, if you're a sole proprietor who wants to use our Business Services, we may collect your Personal Data to onboard your business; at the same time, you might also be an End Customer if you've bought goods from another Business User that is using our Services for payment processing. You could also be an End User if you used our End User Service, such as Link, for those transactions. 1.1 End Users We provide End User Services when we provide the Services directly to you for your personal use (e.g., Link). Additional details regarding our collection, usage, and sharing of End User Personal Data, including the legal bases we rely on for processing such data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about End Users Using Link or Connecting your bank account . Stripe offers a service called "Link," which allows you to create an account and store information for future interactions with Stripe’s Services and Business Users. You may save a number of different kinds of Personal Data using Link. For instance, you may save your name, payment method details, contact information, and address to conveniently use saved information to pay for transactions across our Business Users. When you choose to pay with Link, we will also collect Transaction Data associated with your transactions. Learn More . You can also share and save bank account details to your Link account using Stripe’s Financial Connections product. When you use Financial Connections, Stripe will periodically collect and process your account information (such as bank account owner information, account balances, account number and details, account transactions, and, in some cases, log-in credentials). You can ask us to cease the collection of such data at any time. Learn More . You can also use your Link account to access services provided by Stripe’s partner businesses, such as Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) services or crypto wallet services. In these situations, we will collect and share additional Personal Data with partner businesses to facilitate your use of such services. You can save this information to your Link account to access similar services in the future. We may also receive certain information about you from partner businesses in connection with the services they provide. Learn More . Finally, you can use Link to store your identity documents (such as your driver’s license) so that you can share them in future interactions with Stripe or its Business Users. Paying Stripe . When you purchase goods or services directly from Stripe, we receive your Transaction Data. For instance, when you make a payment to Stripe Climate, we collect information about the transaction, as well as your contact and payment method details. Identity/Verification Services . We offer an identity verification service that automates the comparison of your identity document (such as a driver’s license) with your image (such as a selfie). You can separately consent to us using your biometric data to enhance our verification technology, with the option to revoke your consent at any time. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Users, including about your online activity and your engagement with our End User Services, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Users Services . We use and share your Personal Data to provide the End User Services to you, which includes support, personalization (such as language preferences and setting choices), and communication about our End User Services (such as communicating Policy updates and information about our Services). For example, Stripe may use cookies and similar technologies or the data you provide to our Business Users (such as when you input your email address on a Business User’s website) to recognize you and help you use Link when visiting our Business User’s website. Learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies in Stripe’s Cookie Policy . Our Business Users. When you use Link to make payments with our Business Users, we share your Personal Data, including name, contact information, payment method details, and Transaction Data with those Business Users. Learn More . You can also direct Stripe to share your saved bank account information and identity documents with Business Users you do business with. Once we share your Personal Data with Business Users, we may process that Personal Data as a Data Processor for those Business Users, as detailed in Section 1.2 of this Policy. You should consult the privacy policies of the Business Users’ you do business with for information on how they use the information shared with them. Fraud Detection and Loss Prevention . We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect fraud and prevent financial losses for you, us, and our Business Users and Financial Partners, including detecting unauthorized purchases. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those that use our fraud prevention-related Business Services (such as Stripe Radar), with Personal Data about you (including your attempted transactions) so that they can assess the fraud or loss risk associated with the transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, we may use your Personal Data, including Transaction Data, to assess your eligibility for, and offer you, other End User Services or promote existing End User Services, including through co-marketing with partners such as Stripe Business Users. Learn more . Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we use and share End User Personal Data with third party partners to allow us to advertise our End User Services to you, including through interest-based advertising, and to track the efficacy of such ads. We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third-party partners, such as advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services to you. Learn more . More . For further information about ways we may use and share End Users' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.2 End Customers Stripe provides various Business Services to our Business Users, which include processing in-person or online payments or payouts for those Business Users. When acting as a service provider—also referred to as a Data Processor—for a Business User, we process End Customer Personal Data in accordance with our agreement with the Business User and the Business User's lawful instructions. This happens, for example, when we process a payment for a Business User because you purchased a product from them, or when the Business User asks us to send you funds. Business Users are responsible for ensuring that the privacy rights of their End Customers are respected, including obtaining appropriate consents and making disclosures about their own data collection and use associated with their products and services. If you're an End Customer, please refer to the privacy policy of the Business User you're doing business with for its privacy practices, choices, and controls. We provide more comprehensive information about our collection, use, and sharing of End Customer Personal Data in our Privacy Center , including the legal bases we rely on for processing your Personal Data. a. Personal Data we collect about End Customers Transaction Data . If you're an End Customer making payments to, receiving refunds or payments from, initiating a purchase or donation, or otherwise transacting with our Business User, whether in-person or online, we receive your Transaction Data. We may also receive your transaction history with the Business User. Learn More . Additionally, we may collect information entered into a checkout form even if you opt not to complete the form or transaction with the Business User. Learn More . A Business User who uses Stripe’s Terminal Service to provide its goods or services to End Customers may use the Terminal Service to collect End Customer Personal Data (like your name, email, phone number, address, signature, or age) in accordance with its own privacy policy. Identity/Verification Information . Stripe provides a verification and fraud prevention Service that our Business Users can use to verify Personal Data about you, such as your authorization to use a particular payment method. During the process, you’d be asked to share with us certain Personal Data (like your government ID and selfie for biometric verification, Personal Data you input, or Personal Data that is apparent from the physical payment method like a credit card image). To protect against fraud and determine if somebody is trying to impersonate you, we may cross-verify this data with information about you that we've collected from Business Users, Financial Partners, business affiliates, identity verification services, publicly available sources, and other third party service providers and sources. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Customers, including about your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Customers To provide our Business Services to our Business Users, we use and share End Customers' Personal Data with them. Where allowed, we also use End Customers' Personal Data for Stripe’s own purposes such as enhancing security, improving and offering our Business Services, and preventing fraud, loss, and other damages, as described further below. Payment processing and accounting . We use your Transaction Data to deliver Payment-related Business Services to Business Users — including online payment transactions processing, sales tax calculation, and invoice, bill, and dispute handling — and to help them determine their revenue, settle their bills, and execute accounting tasks. Learn More . We may also use your Personal Data to provide and improve our Business Services. During payment transactions, your Personal Data is shared with various entities in connection with your transaction. As a service provider or data processor, we share Personal Data to enable transactions as directed by Business Users. For instance, when you choose a payment method for your transaction, we may share your Transaction Data with your bank or other payment method provider, including as necessary to authenticate you, Learn More , process your transaction, prevent fraud, and handle disputes. The Business User you choose to do business with also receives Transaction Data and might share the data with others. Please review your merchant’s, bank’s, and payment method provider’s privacy policies for more information about how they use and share your Personal Data. Financial services . Certain Business Users leverage our Services to offer financial services to you via Stripe or our Financial Partners. For example, a Business User may issue a card product with which you can purchase goods and services. Such cards could carry the brand of Stripe, the bank partner, and/or the Business User. In addition to any Transaction Data we may generate or receive when these cards are used for purchases, we also collect and use your Personal Data to provide and manage these products, including assisting our Business Users in preventing misuse of the cards. Please review the privacy policies of the Business User and, if applicable, our bank partners associated with the financial service (the brands of which may be shown on the card) for more information. Identity/Verification services . We use Personal Data about your identity to perform verification services for Stripe or for the Business Users that you are transacting with, to prevent fraud, and to enhance security. For these purposes we may use Personal Data you provide directly or Personal Data we obtain from our service providers, including for phone verification. Learn More . If you provide a selfie along with an image of your identity document, we may employ biometric technology to compare and calculate whether they match and verify your identity. Learn More . Fraud detection and loss prevention. We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect and prevent losses for you, us, our Business Users, and Financial Partners. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those using our fraud prevention-related Business Services, with your Personal Data (including your attempted transactions) to help them assess the fraud or loss risk associated with a transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Our Business Users (and their authorized third parties). We share End Customers' Personal Data with their respective Business Users and parties directly authorized by those Business Users to receive such data. Here are common examples of such sharing: When a Business User instructs Stripe to provide another Business User with access to its Stripe account, including data related to its End Customers, via Stripe Connect. Sharing information that you have provided to us with a Business User so that we can send payments to you on behalf of that Business User. Sharing information, documents, or images provided by an End Customer with a Business User when the latter uses Stripe Identity, our identity verification Service, to verify the identity of the End Customer. The Business Users you choose to do business with may further share your Personal Data with third parties (like additional third party service providers other than Stripe). Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information. Advertising by Business Users . If you initiate a purchasing process with a Business User, the Business User receives your Personal Data from us in connection with our provision of Services even if you don't finish your purchase. The Business User may use your Personal Data to market and advertise their products or services, subject to the terms of their privacy policy. Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information, including your rights to stop their use of your Personal Data for marketing purposes. More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share End Customers' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.3 Representatives We collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives of Business Users (for example, business owners) to provide our Business Services. For more information about how we collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives, as well as the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Representatives Registration and contact information . When you register for a Stripe account for a Business User (including incorporation of a Business), we collect your name and login credentials. If you register for or attend an event organized by Stripe or sign up to receive Stripe communications, we collect your registration and profile data. As a Representative, we may collect your Personal Data from third parties, including data providers, to advertise, market, and communicate with you as detailed further in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. We may also link a location with you to tailor the Services or information effectively to your needs. Learn More . Identification Information . As a current or potential Business User, an owner of a Business User, or a shareholder, officer, or director of a Business User, we need your contact details, such as name, postal address, telephone number, and email address, to fulfill our Financial Partner and regulatory requirements, verify your identity, and prevent fraudulent activities and harm to the Stripe platform. We collect your Personal Data, such as ownership interest in the Business User, date of birth, government-issued identity documents, and associated identifiers, as well as any history of fraud or misuse, directly from you and/or from publicly available sources, third parties such as credit bureaus and via the Services we provide. Learn More . You may also choose to provide us with bank account information. More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about Representatives, including your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Representatives We typically use the Personal Data of Representatives to provide the Business Services to the corresponding Business Users. The ways we use and share this data are further described below. Business Services . We use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with Business Users to provide the Services requested by you or the Business User you represent. In some instances, we may have to submit your Personal Data to a government entity to provide our Business Services, for purposes such as the incorporation of a business, or calculating and paying applicable sales tax. For our tax-related Business Services, we may use your Personal Data to prepare tax documents and file taxes on behalf of the Business User you represent. For our Atlas business incorporation Services, we may use your Personal Data to submit forms to the IRS on your behalf and file documents with other government authorities, such as articles of incorporation in your state of incorporation. We share Representatives’ Personal Data with parties authorized by the corresponding Business User, such as Financial Partners servicing a financial product, or third party apps or services the Business User chooses to use alongside our Business Services. Here are common examples of such sharing: Payment method providers, like Visa or WeChat Pay, require information about Business Users and their Representatives who accept their payment methods. This information is typically required during the onboarding process or for processing transactions and handling disputes for these Business Users. Learn More . A Business User may authorize Stripe to share your Personal Data with other Business Users to facilitate the provision of Services through Stripe Connect. The use of Personal Data by a third party authorized by a Business User is subject to the third party’s privacy policy. If you are a Business User who has chosen a name that includes Personal Data (for example, a sole proprietorship or family name in a company name), we will use and share such information for the provision of our Services in the same way we do with any company name. This may include, for example, displaying it on receipts and other transaction-identifying descriptions. Fraud detection and loss prevention . We use Representatives’ Personal Data to identify and manage risks that our Business Services might be used for fraudulent activities causing losses to Stripe, End Users, End Customers, Business Users, Financial Partners, and others. We also use information about you obtained from publicly available sources, third parties like credit bureaus and from our Services to address such risks, including to identify patterns of misuse and monitor for terms of service violations. Stripe may share Representatives' Personal Data with Business Users, our Financial Partners, and third party service providers, including phone verification providers, Learn More , to verify the information provided by you and identify risk indicators. Learn More . We also use and share Representatives' Personal Data to conduct due diligence, including conducting anti-money laundering and sanctions screening in accordance with applicable law. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment. However, we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . We may also use your Personal Data, including your Stripe account activity, to evaluate your eligibility for and offer you Business Services or promote existing Business Services. Learn more . More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share Representatives’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.4 Visitors We collect, use, and share the Personal Data of Visitors. More details about how we collect, use, and share Visitors’ Personal Data, along with the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Visitors When you browse our Sites, we receive your Personal Data, either provided directly by you or collected through our use of cookies and similar technologies. See our Cookie Policy for more information. If you opt to complete a form on the Site or third party websites where our advertisements are displayed (like LinkedIn or Facebook), we collect the information you included in the form. This may include your contact information and other information pertaining to your questions about our Services. We may also associate a location with your visit. Learn More . More . Further details about other types of Personal Data that we may collect from Visitors, including your online activity, can be found in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Visitors Personalization . We use the data we collect about you using cookies and similar technologies to measure engagement with the content on the Sites, improve relevancy and navigation, customize your experience (such as language preference and region-specific content), and curate content about Stripe and our Services that's tailored to you. For instance, as not all of our Services are available globally, we may customize our responses based on your region. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Visitors’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . Engagement . As you interact with our Sites, we use the information we collect about and through your devices to provide opportunities for further interactions, such as discussions about Services or interactions with chatbots, to address your questions. More . For more information about additional ways we may use and share Visitors’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 2. More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data In addition to the ways described above, we also process your Personal Data as follows: a. Collection of Personal Data Online Activity . Depending on the Service used and how our Business Services are implemented by the Business Users, we may collect information related to: The devices and browsers you use across our Sites and third party websites, apps, and other online services (“Third Party Sites”). Usage data associated with those devices and browsers and your engagement with our Services, including data elements like IP address, plug-ins, language preference, time spent on Sites and Third Party Sites, pages visited, links clicked, payment methods used, and the pages that led you to our Sites and Third Party Sites. We also collect activity indicators, such as mouse activity indicators, to help us detect fraud. Learn More . See also our Cookie Policy . Communication and Engagement Information . We also collect information you choose to share with us through various channels, such as support tickets, emails, or social media. If you respond to emails or surveys from Stripe, we collect your email address, name, and any other data you opt to include in your email or responses. If you engage with us over the phone, we collect your phone number and any other information you might provide during the call. Calls with Stripe or Stripe representatives may be recorded. Learn More . Additionally, we collect your engagement data, like your registration for, attendance at, or viewing of Stripe events and any other interactions with Stripe personnel. Forums and Discussion Groups . If our Sites allow posting of content, we collect Personal Data that you provide in connection with the post. b. Use of Personal Data. Besides the use of Personal Data described above, we use Personal Data in the ways listed below: Analyzing, Improving, and Developing our Services . We collect and process Personal Data throughout our various Services, whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, to improve our Services, develop new Services, and support our efforts to make our Services more efficient, relevant, and useful to you. Learn More . We may use Personal Data to generate aggregate and statistical information to understand and explain how our Services are used. Examples of how we use Personal Data to analyze, improve, and develop our products and services include: Using analytics on our Sites, including as described in our Cookie Policy, to help us understand your use of our Sites and Services and diagnose technical issues. Training artificial intelligence models to power our Services and protect against fraud and other harm. Learn more . Analyzing and drawing inferences from Transaction Data to reduce costs, fraud, and disputes and increase authentication and authorization rates for Stripe and our Business Users. Communications . We use the contact information we have about you to deliver our Services, Learn More , which may involve sending codes via SMS for your authentication. Learn More . If you are an End User, Representative, or Visitor, we may communicate with you using the contact information we have about you to provide information about our Services and our affiliates’ services, invite you to participate in our events, surveys, or user research, or otherwise communicate with you for marketing purposes, in compliance with applicable law, including any consent or opt-out requirements. For example, when you provide your contact information to us or when we collect your business contact details through participation at trade shows or other events, we may use this data to follow up with you regarding an event, provide information requested about our Services, and include you in our marketing information campaigns. Where permitted under applicable law, we may record our calls with you to provide our Services, comply with our legal obligations, perform research and quality assurance, and for training purposes. Social Media and Promotions . If you opt to submit Personal Data to engage in an offer, program, or promotion, we use the Personal Data you provide to manage the offer, program, or promotion. We also use the Personal Data you provide, along with the Personal Data you make available on social media platforms, for marketing purposes, unless we are not permitted to do so. Fraud Prevention and Security . We collect and use Personal Data to help us identify and manage activities that could be fraudulent or harmful across our Services, enable our fraud detection Business Services, and secure our Services and transactions against unauthorized access, use, alteration or misappropriation of Personal Data, information, and funds. As part of the fraud prevention, detection, security monitoring, and compliance efforts for Stripe and its Business Users, we collect information from publicly available sources, third parties (such as credit bureaus), and via the Services we offer. In some instances, we may also collect information about you directly from you, or from our Business Users, Financial Partners, and other third parties for the same purposes. Furthermore, to protect our Services, we may receive details such as IP addresses and other identifying data about potential security threats from third parties. Learn More . Such information helps us verify identities, conduct credit checks where lawfully permitted, and prevent fraud. Additionally, we might use technology to evaluate the potential risk of fraud associated with individuals seeking to procure our Business Services or arising from attempted transactions by an End Customer or End User with our Business Users or Financial Partners. Compliance with Legal Obligations . We use Personal Data to meet our contractual and legal obligations related to anti-money laundering, Know-Your-Customer ("KYC") laws, anti-terrorism activities, safeguarding vulnerable customers, export control, and prohibition of doing business with restricted persons or in certain business fields, among other legal obligations. For example, we may monitor transaction patterns and other online signals and use those insights to identify fraud, money laundering, and other harmful activity that could affect Stripe, our Financial Partners, End Users, Business Users and others. Learn More . Safety, security, and compliance for our Services are key priorities for us, and collecting and using Personal Data is crucial to this effort. Minors . Our Services are not directed to children under the age of 13, and we request that they do not provide Personal Data to seek Services directly from Stripe. In certain jurisdictions, we may impose higher age limits as required by applicable law. c. Sharing of Personal Data. Besides the sharing of Personal Data described above, we share Personal Data in the ways listed below: Stripe Affiliates . We share Personal Data with other Stripe-affiliated entities for purposes identified in this Policy. Service Providers or Processors . In order to provide, communicate, market, analyze, and advertise our Services, we depend on service providers. These providers offer critical services such as providing cloud infrastructure, conducting analytics for the assessment of the speed, accuracy, and/or security of our Services, verifying identities, identifying potentially harmful activity, and providing customer service and audit functions. We authorize these service providers to use or disclose the Personal Data we make available to them to perform services on our behalf and to comply with relevant legal obligations. We require these service providers to contractually commit to security and confidentiality obligations for the Personal Data they process on our behalf. The majority of our service providers are based in the European Union, the United States of America, and India. Learn More . Financial Partners . We share Personal Data with certain Financial Partners to provide Services to Business Users and offer certain Services in conjunction with these Financial Partners. For instance, we may share certain Personal Data, such as payment processing volume, loan repayment data, and Representative contact information, with institutional investors and lenders who purchase loan receivables or provide financing related to Stripe Capital. Learn More . Others with Consent . In some situations, we may not offer a service, but instead refer you to others (like professional service firms that we partner with to deliver the Atlas Service). In these instances, we will disclose the identity of the third party and the information to be shared with them, and seek your consent to share the information. Corporate Transactions . If we enter or intend to enter a transaction that modifies the structure of our business, such as a reorganization, merger, sale, joint venture, assignment, transfer, change of control, or other disposition of all or part of our business, assets, or stock, we may share Personal Data with third parties in connection with such transaction. Any other entity that buys us or part of our business will have the right to continue to use your Personal Data, subject to the terms of this Policy. Compliance and Harm Prevention . We share Personal Data when we believe it is necessary to comply with applicable law; to abide by rules imposed by Financial Partners in connection with the use of their payment method; to enforce our contractual rights; to secure and protect the Services, rights, privacy, safety, and property of Stripe, you, and others, including against malicious or fraudulent activity; and to respond to valid legal requests from courts, law enforcement agencies, regulatory agencies, and other public and government authorities, which may include authorities outside your country of residence. 3. Legal bases for processing Personal Data For purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other applicable data protection laws, we rely on a number of legal bases to process your Personal Data. Learn More . For some jurisdictions, there may be additional legal bases, which are outlined in the Jurisdiction-Specific Provisions section below. a. Contractual and Pre-Contractual Business Relationships . We process Personal Data to enter into business relationships with prospective Business Users and End Users and fulfill our respective contractual obligations with them. These processing activities include: Creation and management of Stripe accounts and Stripe account credentials, including the assessment of applications to initiate or expand the use of our Services; Creation and management of Stripe Checkout accounts; Accounting, auditing, and billing activities; and Processing of payments and related activities, which include fraud detection, loss prevention, transaction optimization, communications about such payments, and related customer service activities. b. Legal Compliance . We process Personal Data to verify the identities of individuals and entities to comply with obligations related to fraud monitoring, prevention, and detection, laws associated with identifying and reporting illicit and illegal activities, such as those under the Anti-Money Laundering ("AML") and Know-Your-Customer (“KYC") regulations, and financial reporting obligations. For example, we may be required to record and verify a Business User’s identity to comply with regulations designed to prevent money laundering, fraud, and financial crimes. These legal obligations may require us to report our compliance to third parties and subject ourselves to third party verification audits. c. Legitimate Interests . Where permitted under applicable law, we rely on our legitimate business interests to process your Personal Data. The following list provides an example of the business purposes for which we have a legitimate interest in processing your data: Detection, monitoring, and prevention of fraud and unauthorized payment transactions; Mitigation of financial loss, claims, liabilities or other harm to End Customers, End Users, Business Users, Financial Partners, and Stripe; Determination of eligibility for and offering new Stripe Services ( Learn More ); Response to inquiries, delivery of Service notices, and provision of customer support; Promotion, analysis, modification, and improvement of our Services, systems, and tools, as well as the development of new products and services, including enhancing the reliability of the Services; Management, operation, and improvement of the performance of our Sites and Services, through understanding their effectiveness and optimizing our digital assets; Analysis and advertisement of our Services, and related improvements; Aggregate analysis and development of business intelligence that enable us to operate, protect, make informed decisions about, and report on the performance of our business; Sharing of Personal Data with third party service providers that offer services on our behalf and business partners that help us in operating and improving our business ( Learn More) ; Enabling network and information security throughout Stripe and our Services; and Sharing of Personal Data among our affiliates. d. Consent . We may rely on consent or explicit consent to collect and process Personal Data regarding our interactions with you and the provision of our Services such as Link, Financial Connections, Atlas, and Identity. When we process your Personal Data based on your consent, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time, and such a withdrawal will not impact the legality of processing performed based on the consent prior to its withdrawal. e. Substantial Public Interest . We may process special categories of Personal Data, as defined by the GDPR, when such processing is necessary for reasons of substantial public interest and consistent with applicable law, such as when we conduct politically-exposed person checks. We may also process Personal Data related to criminal convictions and offenses when such processing is authorized by applicable law, such as when we conduct sanctions screening to comply with AML and KYC obligations. f. Other valid legal bases . We may process Personal Data further to other valid legal bases as recognized under applicable law in specific jurisdictions. See the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section below for more information. 4. Your rights and choices Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have choices regarding our collection, use, and disclosure of your Personal Data: a. Opting out of receiving electronic communications from us If you wish to stop receiving marketing-related emails from us, you can opt-out by clicking the unsubscribe link included in such emails or as described here . We'll try to process your request(s) as quickly as reasonably practicable. However, it's important to note that even if you opt out of receiving marketing-related emails from us, we retain the right to communicate with you about the Services you receive (like support and important legal notices) and our Business Users might still send you messages or instruct us to send you messages on their behalf. b. Your data protection rights Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have the following rights regarding the Personal Data we process about you as a data controller: The right to request confirmation of whether Stripe is processing Personal Data associated with you, the categories of personal data it has processed, and the third parties or categories of third parties with which your Personal Data is shared; The right to request access to the Personal Data Stripe processes about you ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe rectify or update your Personal Data if it's inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated; The right to request that Stripe erase your Personal Data in certain circumstances as provided by law ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe restrict the use of your Personal Data in certain circumstances, such as while Stripe is considering another request you've submitted (for instance, a request that Stripe update your Personal Data); The right to request that we export the Personal Data we hold about you to another company, provided it's technically feasible; The right to withdraw your consent if your Personal Data is being processed based on your previous consent; The right to object to the processing of your Personal Data if we are processing your data based on our legitimate interests; unless there are compelling legitimate grounds or the processing is necessary for legal reasons, we will cease processing your Personal Data upon receiving your objection ( Learn More ); The right not to be discriminated against for exercising these rights; and The right to appeal any decision by Stripe relating to your rights by contacting Stripe’s Data Protection Officer (“DPO”) at dpo@stripe.com , and/or relevant regulatory agencies. You may have additional rights, depending on applicable law, over your Personal Data. For example, see the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section under United States below. c. Process for exercising your data protection rights To exercise your data protection rights related to Personal Data we process as a data controller, visit our Privacy Center or contact us as outlined below. For Personal Data we process as a data processor, please reach out to the relevant data controller (Business User) to exercise your rights. If you contact us regarding your Personal Data we process as a data processor, we will refer you to the relevant data controller to the extent we are able to identify them. 5. Security and Retention We make reasonable efforts to provide a level of security appropriate to the risk associated with the processing of your Personal Data. We maintain organizational, technical, and administrative measures designed to protect the Personal Data covered by this Policy from unauthorized access, destruction, loss, alteration, or misuse. Learn More . Unfortunately, no data transmission or storage system can be guaranteed to be 100% secure. We encourage you to assist us in protecting your Personal Data. If you hold a Stripe account, you can do so by using a strong password, safeguarding your password against unauthorized use, and avoiding using identical login credentials you use for other services or accounts for your Stripe account. If you suspect that your interaction with us is no longer secure (for instance, you believe that your Stripe account's security has been compromised), please contact us immediately. We retain your Personal Data for as long as we continue to provide the Services to you or our Business Users, or for a period in which we reasonably foresee continuing to provide the Services. Even after we stop providing Services directly to you or to a Business User that you're doing business with, and even after you close your Stripe account or complete a transaction with a Business User, we may continue to retain your Personal Data to: Comply with our legal and regulatory obligations; Enable fraud monitoring, detection, and prevention activities; and Comply with our tax, accounting, and financial reporting obligations, including when such retention is required by our contractual agreements with our Financial Partners (and where data retention is mandated by the payment methods you've used). In cases where we keep your Personal Data, we do so in accordance with any limitation periods and record retention obligations imposed by applicable law. Learn More . 6. International Data Transfers As a global business, it's sometimes necessary for us to transfer your Personal Data to countries other than your own, including the United States. These countries might have data protection regulations that are different from those in your country. When transferring data across borders, we take measures to comply with applicable data protection laws related to such transfer. In certain situations, we may be required to disclose Personal Data in response to lawful requests from officials, such as law enforcement or security authorities. Learn More . If you are located in the European Economic Area (“EEA”), the United Kingdom ("UK"), or Switzerland, please refer to our Privacy Center for additional details. When a data transfer mechanism is mandated by applicable law, we employ one or more of the following: Transfers to certain countries or recipients that are recognized as having an adequate level of protection for Personal Data under applicable law. EU Standard Contractual Clauses approved by the Europe | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # development Follow Hide Tracking and discussing physical and cognitive milestones. Create Post Older #development posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 266 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Evolution of the Android Open Source Project: A Deep Dive David Díaz David Díaz David Díaz Follow Jan 12 Evolution of the Android Open Source Project: A Deep Dive # android # opensource # security # development Comments Add Comment 4 min read When Top Comments Meet AI Quant: A Journey Into Strategy Implementation fmzquant fmzquant fmzquant Follow Jan 13 When Top Comments Meet AI Quant: A Journey Into Strategy Implementation # ai # development # jellyfin # nocode Comments Add Comment 15 min read Inside Git: How It Really Works (With the .git Folder Explained) Subhrangsu Bera Subhrangsu Bera Subhrangsu Bera Follow Jan 12 Inside Git: How It Really Works (With the .git Folder Explained) # git # github # development # tooling 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read React + Django vs MERN Stack: A Real-World Comparison Rishikesh Rishikesh Rishikesh Follow Jan 12 React + Django vs MERN Stack: A Real-World Comparison # react # djangoapi # mern # development Comments Add Comment 2 min read From Copilot to Autonomous AI: The Evolution of AI-Assisted Programming Eva Clari Eva Clari Eva Clari Follow Jan 12 From Copilot to Autonomous AI: The Evolution of AI-Assisted Programming # programming # ai # coding # development Comments Add Comment 4 min read How Memory Organizes Information Memory Rush Memory Rush Memory Rush Follow Jan 12 How Memory Organizes Information # mentalmodels # learning # developers # development Comments Add Comment 3 min read Requirement to software Delivery in midsize comp CHEATSHEET Software Jutsu Software Jutsu Software Jutsu Follow Jan 12 Requirement to software Delivery in midsize comp CHEATSHEET # softwareengineering # development Comments Add Comment 4 min read Accessibilité numérique: les routes et les ponts dans le monde réel Yuliana Krasulya Yuliana Krasulya Yuliana Krasulya Follow Jan 8 Accessibilité numérique: les routes et les ponts dans le monde réel # development # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read Context Engineering: How We Work Around the Goldfish Problem Adam Poulemanos Adam Poulemanos Adam Poulemanos Follow for Knitli Jan 6 Context Engineering: How We Work Around the Goldfish Problem # contextengineering # mcp # ai # development Comments Add Comment 8 min read Testing Database Logic: What to Test, What to Skip, and Why It Matters CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary Follow Jan 6 Testing Database Logic: What to Test, What to Skip, and Why It Matters # programming # php # testing # development Comments Add Comment 4 min read The tech stack behind InkRows Filip Frincu Filip Frincu Filip Frincu Follow Jan 6 The tech stack behind InkRows # react # javascript # productivity # development Comments Add Comment 4 min read Duolingo-Style Animation in Mobile Apps: How It Works and What a Rive Animator Brings to Developers Praneeth Kawya Thathsara Praneeth Kawya Thathsara Praneeth Kawya Thathsara Follow Jan 7 Duolingo-Style Animation in Mobile Apps: How It Works and What a Rive Animator Brings to Developers # duolingo # duolingoanimation # app # development Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why Forgetting Is Part of Learning Memory Rush Memory Rush Memory Rush Follow Jan 6 Why Forgetting Is Part of Learning # learning # development # science # memory Comments Add Comment 3 min read Clean Architecture Made Simple: A Koin DI Walkthrough for Android supriya shah supriya shah supriya shah Follow Jan 7 Clean Architecture Made Simple: A Koin DI Walkthrough for Android # android # kotlin # development # mobile Comments Add Comment 3 min read Wallet-as-a-Service as an Infrastructure Layer for Digital Products Dan Keller Dan Keller Dan Keller Follow Jan 11 Wallet-as-a-Service as an Infrastructure Layer for Digital Products # news # development # architecture # learning 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read RETRO '25 Pragadeesh Nehru Pragadeesh Nehru Pragadeesh Nehru Follow Jan 6 RETRO '25 # yearinreview # career # learning # development Comments Add Comment 2 min read M7 Week 1: Deterministic AI, Practical Pathfinding, and a Real 3D Audio Pipe (Bad Cat: Void Frontier) p3nGu1nZz p3nGu1nZz p3nGu1nZz Follow Jan 5 M7 Week 1: Deterministic AI, Practical Pathfinding, and a Real 3D Audio Pipe (Bad Cat: Void Frontier) # gamedev # programming # cpp # development Comments Add Comment 7 min read Okay, so AI is getting weirdly good now. Muhammad Ibrahim Muhammad Ibrahim Muhammad Ibrahim Follow Jan 7 Okay, so AI is getting weirdly good now. # ai # chatgpt # chatagent # development Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why Project Valhalla Will Revolutionize Java Performance in 2026 Goutham Rayaprolu Goutham Rayaprolu Goutham Rayaprolu Follow Jan 6 Why Project Valhalla Will Revolutionize Java Performance in 2026 # java # programming # development # developers Comments Add Comment 2 min read AI Agents Are Taking Over Development in 2026 — Here's What Changed Mysterious Xuanwu Mysterious Xuanwu Mysterious Xuanwu Follow Jan 4 AI Agents Are Taking Over Development in 2026 — Here's What Changed # ai # agents # development # automation Comments Add Comment 3 min read How Memory Builds Through Iteration Memory Rush Memory Rush Memory Rush Follow Jan 5 How Memory Builds Through Iteration # memory # learning # science # development Comments Add Comment 3 min read How Information Becomes Long-Term Memory Memory Rush Memory Rush Memory Rush Follow Jan 5 How Information Becomes Long-Term Memory # psychology # memory # learning # development Comments Add Comment 4 min read AI Moving from Hype to Reality: 8 Stories Shaping the Industry Right Now Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Follow Jan 5 AI Moving from Hype to Reality: 8 Stories Shaping the Industry Right Now # news # ai # technology # development Comments Add Comment 6 min read Building Intelligent Mobile Experiences with a Machine Learning App Development Company Appingine Appingine Appingine Follow Jan 5 Building Intelligent Mobile Experiences with a Machine Learning App Development Company # softwaredevelopment # softwareengineering # development Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to Build a Scalable Social Listening Tool in 2026 (Without Enterprise API Pricing) ImbueData ImbueData ImbueData Follow Jan 5 How to Build a Scalable Social Listening Tool in 2026 (Without Enterprise API Pricing) # development # api # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... trending guides/resources How to Design a Rate Limiter in a System Design Interview? How I Actually Use AI Agents As A Senior Frontend Dev (Without Breaking Prod) I Tested 7 Open Source Clerk Alternatives for Full-Stack Developers The Developer's Safety Net - Introduction to TypeScript Build in Public: Day Zero 24 Claude Code Tips: #claude_code_advent_calendar Publishing Your First NPM Package: A Real-World Guide That Actually Helps I Chose ByteByteGo in 2025: The One System Design Course That Actually Works How I created a Cozy Workspace in VS Code Real-Time Location Tracking & Live Route Updates in React Native It's time to try OMARCHY! Angular 21 Released: What’s New & Developer Guide 🤖 Gemini dans votre terminal avec Gemini CLI Zed: The Editor I Wish I Liked 📝How I Built a Fully Automated Telegram Moderation Bot — An Engineering Case Study How You Can Become an AWS Community Builder in 2026 Agentic AI Development with Kiro: From Zero to SaaS Platform Expo or React Native CLI in 2025? Let’s Settle This! 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Right menu Why GitHubCard is the Final Tool You Need for Your Github Profile Colin Lee Colin Lee Colin Lee Follow Jan 10 Why GitHubCard is the Final Tool You Need for Your Github Profile # github # tooling # tutorial # githunt Comments 1 comment 3 min read sunpeak: ChatGPT App Framework Abe Wheeler Abe Wheeler Abe Wheeler Follow Dec 11 '25 sunpeak: ChatGPT App Framework # showdev # mcp # githunt # news 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Explore My GitHub Projects — Building, Learning & Shipping Muhammad Huzaifa Muhammad Huzaifa Muhammad Huzaifa Follow Nov 29 '25 Explore My GitHub Projects — Building, Learning & Shipping # git # github # publicinbox # githunt 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read VueFinder — A Modern File Manager for Vue Yusuf Yusuf Yusuf Follow Nov 26 '25 VueFinder — A Modern File Manager for Vue # webdev # vue # githunt 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read How I Fixed GitHub's Large File Warning with Git LFS for Auvra AI Aldorax Aldorax Aldorax Follow Jun 28 '25 How I Fixed GitHub's Large File Warning with Git LFS for Auvra AI # webdev # git # githunt # nextjs 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why This CTO Thinks JavaScript Is the Worst Programming Language Pam Jim Pam Jim Pam Jim Follow May 27 '25 Why This CTO Thinks JavaScript Is the Worst Programming Language # javascript # programming # webdev # githunt Comments 1 comment 2 min read Demystifying Blockchain for Beginners — Join My Open Source Crypto Commerce Project 🚀 Anushka Gupta Anushka Gupta Anushka Gupta Follow Apr 13 '25 Demystifying Blockchain for Beginners — Join My Open Source Crypto Commerce Project 🚀 # cryptocurrency # blockchain # opensource # githunt 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Git Branching Strategies: A Comprehensive Guide Karm Patel Karm Patel Karm Patel Follow Mar 16 '25 Git Branching Strategies: A Comprehensive Guide # git # github # githunt # twitter 113 reactions Comments 7 comments 6 min read How to Create a Sample Resume and Deploy it on GitHub Pages Kosisochukwu Ugochukwu Kosisochukwu Ugochukwu Kosisochukwu Ugochukwu Follow Feb 18 '25 How to Create a Sample Resume and Deploy it on GitHub Pages # github # git # githunt # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read Today's GitHub Repositories Dev Sk Dev Sk Dev Sk Follow Dec 4 '24 Today's GitHub Repositories # ai # webdev # programming # githunt Comments Add Comment 1 min read [ROAST] Launching on DevHunt Doesn't Work? Here's What I Found! Wlad Radchenko Wlad Radchenko Wlad Radchenko Follow Nov 19 '24 [ROAST] Launching on DevHunt Doesn't Work? Here's What I Found! # devhunt # opensource # marketing # githunt 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read how we got featured on trending GitHub repos Matthew Diakonov Matthew Diakonov Matthew Diakonov Follow Sep 30 '24 how we got featured on trending GitHub repos # github # githunt Comments Add Comment 1 min read Initialize Git for a Private Repository Sanya_Lazy Sanya_Lazy Sanya_Lazy Follow Sep 18 '24 Initialize Git for a Private Repository # github # git # githubactions # githunt 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Top Github repositories for 10+ programming languages shrey vijayvargiya shrey vijayvargiya shrey vijayvargiya Follow Jul 16 '24 Top Github repositories for 10+ programming languages # webdev # beginners # programming # githunt 11 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Crafting Your GitHub Showcase: Elevate Your Profile in Minutes Geethanjali Geethanjali Geethanjali Follow Aug 21 '23 Crafting Your GitHub Showcase: Elevate Your Profile in Minutes # github # git # githunt 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Iris Dataset Analysis in R Mahesh K Mahesh K Mahesh K Follow Feb 5 '23 Iris Dataset Analysis in R # github # githunt # opensource 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Thinking Like a Hacker: Finding Source Code Leaks on GitHub Thomas Segura Thomas Segura Thomas Segura Follow for GitGuardian Jan 11 '23 Thinking Like a Hacker: Finding Source Code Leaks on GitHub # github # githunt # cybersecurity # opensource 4 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read What's new in SeaORM 0.10.x SeaQL SeaQL SeaQL Follow Nov 23 '22 What's new in SeaORM 0.10.x # showdev # opensource # rust # githunt 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Tree Maker __ Convert Markdown to tree! Ochi Daiki Ochi Daiki Ochi Daiki Follow Nov 18 '22 Tree Maker __ Convert Markdown to tree! # webdev # webassembly # go # githunt 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read What's new in SeaQuery 0.27.0 SeaQL SeaQL SeaQL Follow Nov 10 '22 What's new in SeaQuery 0.27.0 # showdev # rust # opensource # githunt 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Some less popular git commands Akash R Chandran Akash R Chandran Akash R Chandran Follow Oct 16 '22 Some less popular git commands # git # github # githunt # gitcommands 54 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Getting Started with Seaography SeaQL SeaQL SeaQL Follow Oct 5 '22 Getting Started with Seaography # showdev # rust # graphql # githunt 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Introducing Seaography SeaQL SeaQL SeaQL Follow Oct 3 '22 Introducing Seaography # showdev # rust # githunt # graphql 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Hacktoberfest is started, give your contribution! Hacktoberfest: Maintainer Spotlight ZigRazor ZigRazor ZigRazor Follow Oct 3 '22 Hacktoberfest is started, give your contribution! # hacktoberfest # opensource # github # githunt 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Difference Between Git and GitHub AlishaAS AlishaAS AlishaAS Follow Sep 9 '22 Difference Between Git and GitHub # github # githunt 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... trending guides/resources VueFinder — A Modern File Manager for Vue Explore My GitHub Projects — Building, Learning & Shipping Why GitHubCard is the Final Tool You Need for Your Github Profile 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://www.git-tower.com/blog/diff-tools-mac | Diff Tools on macOS | Tower Blog You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience. Tower Navigation Features Undo Anything Just press Cmd+Z Drag and Drop Make the complex effortless Integrations Use your favorite tools Tower Workflows Branching Configurations Stacked Pull Requests Supercharged workflows All Features Release Notes Pricing Support Documentation Contact Us Account Login Learn Git Video Course 24 episodes Online Book From novice to master Cheat Sheets For quick lookup Webinar Learn from a Git professional First Aid Kit Recover from mistakes Advanced Git Kit Dive deeper Blog Download Download < Back to Blog Diff Tools on macOS Tobias Günther July 2020 | 3 min read Share: NOTE: This post was last updated on October 2024. Staying up-to-date in a software, writing, or design project is hard - especially when multiple people are working on it. Without the right tools, you won't be able to understand the changes that move the project forward. This is where a diff tool comes in handy. It makes changes visible and helps you understand them. In this article, we've compiled a short list that helps you get an overview of the best diff tools on the Mac. FileMerge Being part of its developer toolset, Apple's own merge tool comes at no additional costs. It might not be the most elegant tool, but it's definitely a solid one that does the job of comparing & merging text. FileMerge Beyond Compare Originally a product for Microsoft Windows, the Beyond Compare team has contributed a fine diff tool to the Mac platform. Like Araxis Merge and DeltaWalker, it goes beyond (pun intended) comparing simple text and also allows diffing Word and PDF contents. In its "Pro Version", it also supports merging. Beyond Compare Araxis Merge One of the few diff tools that works with more than just text and image files, Araxis Merge lets you also compare office documents (like MS Word, Excel, Powerpoint, or ODF). It comes in standard and professional editions, and for people working on both macOS and Windows, it's great to know that a single license is valid for both platforms . Araxis Merge Image Diffing in Tower! Our popular Git client supports Image Diffing for a variety of formats (including PNG, JPG, GIF, BMP, TIFF, JPEG2000, and HEIC). In both the Working Copy and various History / Changeset views, you can see how the images evolved! Try it yourself - for free! DeltaWalker Just like Araxis, the DeltaWalker app also lets you compare office files . However, it goes one step further by letting you compare file archives like ZIP, JAR, and TAR files. Also, if you're regularly performing comparisons on a folder basis, DeltaWalker shines with a great performance in this area. DeltaWalker supports macOS, Windows and Linux. DeltaWalker Kaleidoscope Although it has changed hands (i.e. owners) multiple times, Kaleidoscope is still one of the best diff & merge tools for the Mac. Its beautiful user interface and great image diffing capabilities are what set it apart. Kaleidoscope is also available for the iPad. Kaleidoscope Kaleidoscope is tightly integrated with Tower. Here's how you can get the most out of Kaleidoscope with our Git client . Free Alternatives In case you're looking for a free alternative to the standard FileMerge app, you should also have a look at P4Merge and DiffMerge . Both can't compare in terms of features and user interface with their commercial competitors - but make for a valid alternative on macOS, Windows, and Linux. P4Merge DiffMerge Integrations Another aspect to watch out for is integrations: before choosing your favorite tool, you should make sure that it plays nicely with the rest of your tool chain. I can confirm that all of the mentioned tools work seamlessly with Tower , our own Git client. You can pick your Diff tool of choice by accessing the "Settings" window. Choosing a Diff Tool in Tower If you don't need the power of a dedicated Diff tool application, the integrated diff views in Tower might be absolutely sufficient for you: Tower — Text Diff Tower — Image Diff In case you don't know Tower: it's the Git desktop client for Mac and Windows that helps thousands of developers and designers to easily & productively work with the Git version control system. Try it 30 days for free! Conclusion Diff & merge apps are amongst the most underestimated tools. But a good one can be really helpful in a lot of situations. Try one of the above and see for yourself! Get the Git Cheat Sheet Download one of the web's most popular resources on Git! It's free! Download Now for Free Table of Contents Introduction FileMerge Beyond Compare Araxis Merge DeltaWalker Kaleidoscope Free Alternatives Integrations Conclusion We make Tower, the best Git client. Try Tower Now Search the Blog Related Posts Tower 15 for Mac — Automatic Branch Management Tower 15 for Mac introduces Automatic Branch Management and better branch visualization to help you declutter your repository! Git Cheat Sheet Download our free cheat sheet for Git. Because even with a GUI application at hand, there are times when you resort to the command line… and it's impossible to memorize all the important Git commands! We make Tower, the best Git client for Mac and Windows. We help over 100,000 users in companies like Apple, Google, Amazon, Twitter, and Ebay to easily & productively work with the Git version control system. Try it 30 days for free Your Download is in Progress… Giveaways. Cheat Sheets. eBooks. Discounts. And great content from our blog! 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DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close About Open Forem Welcome to Open Forem! The Town Square of the Forem Ecosystem Hello and welcome! We're glad you're here. The Forem ecosystem is home to many vibrant, focused communities. But what about the conversations that don't quite fit into a single niche? The random shower thoughts, the broad questions, the fascinating links you just have to share? That's why Open Forem exists. This is our digital commons—a place for open discussion, cross-disciplinary ideas, and the kind of conversations that connect us all. If it doesn't have a dedicated home elsewhere, it belongs here. What We're All About Our mission is simple: to provide a welcoming space for any and all constructive conversations. Think of us as the central hub where members from every corner of the Forem universe can come together to share ideas, ask questions, and explore topics outside of their usual domains. We are a community driven by curiosity. Whether you want to talk about the latest breakthrough in space exploration, share your favorite productivity hack, debate the philosophy of a new film, or simply ask a question you've been pondering, you're in the right place. What to Post and Discuss If you're wondering what to share, the answer is: almost anything! We encourage a wide range of content. Here are a few ideas to get you started: General Discussions: Start a conversation about technology, art, science, culture, or society. Ask the Community: Have a question that doesn't fit a specific Q&A site? Ask it here! Share Something Cool: Found an interesting article, a thought-provoking video, or a fascinating podcast? Share it and tell us why you liked it. Ideas & Brainstorms: Have a fledgling idea for a project, a book, or anything else? Share it and get feedback. Lifestyle & Hobbies: Discuss everything from personal finance and fitness to gardening and gaming. To help keep things organized, please use our high-level tags when you post. You'll find tags like discussion , ideas , culture , technology , science , art , lifestyle , learning , and random . How to Get Involved Participating is easy! Start a Conversation: Click the "Create Post" button to share your thoughts. Join the Discussion: Dive into the comments on any post. Share your perspective, ask a follow-up question, or offer a counter-point. React & Share: Use reactions to show appreciation for posts and comments. Share posts you find valuable with your network. Connect: Follow members whose contributions you enjoy. Our Community Values To ensure Open Forem remains a positive and productive space for everyone, we ask all members to adhere to a few core principles. Be Kind and Respectful: Treat everyone with respect. Healthy debates are natural, but kindness is required. Personal attacks, harassment, and trolling will not be tolerated. Assume Good Faith: Approach conversations with the assumption that others are participating honestly and with positive intentions. Stay Curious and Open-Minded: This is a place to explore new ideas. Be open to different perspectives and engage with them constructively. Contribute Thoughtfully: Add value to the conversation. While this is a generalist forum, please make an effort to be clear, concise, and constructive in your posts and comments. We're building this space together. Thank you for being a part of it and helping us create a community where a world of ideas can be shared openly. Welcome aboard 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Open Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where all the other conversations belong Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://dumb.dev.to/privacy#d-other-purposes | Privacy Policy - DUMB DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DUMB DEV Community Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DUMB DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DUMB DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/t/cpp/page/5 | C++ Page 5 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close C++ Follow Hide Official tag for the C++ programming language. Create Post submission guidelines Articles and discussions should be directly related to the C++ programming language. (Not to be confused with C (#c) , Objective C (#objectivec) , or C# (#csharp) ) Questions are encouraged! (See the #help tag) Be careful when criticizing C++ as a language or platform; most such complaints are old news. Criticisms are permitted, but please keep such discussions polite and objective. about #cpp C++ is a compiled programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1985. It offers features of imperative, object-oriented, and generic programming. The current language standard is C++20 . Documentation cppreference.com CPlusPlus.com Compilers Clang/LLVM GCC Microsoft Visual C++ Complete list... Older #cpp posts 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu 7 Best Resources to Learn C++: My Journey from Confusion to Clarity Stack Overflowed Stack Overflowed Stack Overflowed Follow Nov 27 '25 7 Best Resources to Learn C++: My Journey from Confusion to Clarity # webdev # programming # cpp 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read C++ on Ubuntu: Installation, Setup, and First Steps Javier Jimenez Javier Jimenez Javier Jimenez Follow Nov 27 '25 C++ on Ubuntu: Installation, Setup, and First Steps # cpp # ubuntu # programming # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Crie Galeria de Imagens a partir de um vídeo Marcos Oliveira Marcos Oliveira Marcos Oliveira Follow Nov 21 '25 Crie Galeria de Imagens a partir de um vídeo # cpp # c # ffmpeg # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Create Image Gallery from a Video Marcos Oliveira Marcos Oliveira Marcos Oliveira Follow Nov 21 '25 Create Image Gallery from a Video # cpp # c # ffmpeg # cli 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read What in the world is a DLL?!: Understanding DLLs afonso faro afonso faro afonso faro Follow Nov 21 '25 What in the world is a DLL?!: Understanding DLLs # programming # cpp # csharp # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read What Is Memory and Why You Should Learn How It Works afonso faro afonso faro afonso faro Follow Nov 21 '25 What Is Memory and Why You Should Learn How It Works # csharp # cpp # memory # dll Comments Add Comment 3 min read My First Software Release: Repo-Context-Packager Oleksandra Oleksandra Oleksandra Follow Nov 22 '25 My First Software Release: Repo-Context-Packager # showdev # cpp # devops # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read Asynchronous backend in modern C++ 23. Кирилл Жуков Кирилл Жуков Кирилл Жуков Follow Dec 24 '25 Asynchronous backend in modern C++ 23. # webdev # cpp # backend # cpp23 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 23 min read How to Integrate Llama.cpp With a Chatbot: A Complete Beginner-Friendly Guide MarvinCaldwell MarvinCaldwell MarvinCaldwell Follow Nov 21 '25 How to Integrate Llama.cpp With a Chatbot: A Complete Beginner-Friendly Guide # cpp # llm # tutorial # beginners Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Convert Multiple WEBP Images to JPG with C++ and ImageMagick Marcos Oliveira Marcos Oliveira Marcos Oliveira Follow Nov 19 '25 How to Convert Multiple WEBP Images to JPG with C++ and ImageMagick # cpp # programming 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Como converter várias imagens WEBP para JPG com C++ e ImageMagick Marcos Oliveira Marcos Oliveira Marcos Oliveira Follow Nov 19 '25 Como converter várias imagens WEBP para JPG com C++ e ImageMagick # programacao # cpp 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Mastering C# Tuples: Syntax, Use Cases, and Tips Tpointechblog Tpointechblog Tpointechblog Follow Nov 19 '25 Mastering C# Tuples: Syntax, Use Cases, and Tips # csharptuples # csharp # cpp Comments Add Comment 4 min read Chess Engine Tensie Tensie Tensie Follow Nov 17 '25 Chess Engine # learning # cpp Comments Add Comment 1 min read Smart_Store Schema Guide: Future-Proofing Your Data with Versioning Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel Victor Follow Nov 17 '25 Smart_Store Schema Guide: Future-Proofing Your Data with Versioning # career # architecture # opensource # cpp 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Advent of Code 2025 - December 1st Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Follow Dec 1 '25 Advent of Code 2025 - December 1st # advent # adventofcode # cpp # 2025 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🧬 I Built Memory That Dies If You Don't Use It (And You Should Too) Alexandru Rusu Alexandru Rusu Alexandru Rusu Follow Dec 18 '25 🧬 I Built Memory That Dies If You Don't Use It (And You Should Too) # programming # cpp # opensource # learning 4 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read Como Combinar Imagens com C++ e ImageMagick Marcos Oliveira Marcos Oliveira Marcos Oliveira Follow Nov 16 '25 Como Combinar Imagens com C++ e ImageMagick # cpp 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read 🎮 AngelScript Variant — A Lightweight Scripting Language Inspired by C++ for Embedded Engines Pʀᴀɴᴀᴠ Pʀᴀɴᴀᴠ Pʀᴀɴᴀᴠ Follow Nov 29 '25 🎮 AngelScript Variant — A Lightweight Scripting Language Inspired by C++ for Embedded Engines # cpp # gamedev # programming Comments Add Comment 2 min read Sparse-K Attention in llama.cpp: Make Your LLMs Fly🚀 Yael Shuker Yael Shuker Yael Shuker Follow Dec 8 '25 Sparse-K Attention in llama.cpp: Make Your LLMs Fly🚀 # opensource # machinelearning # cpp # ai 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read C++ Arrays and Vectors: How I understood the Differences Harold Mudosa Harold Mudosa Harold Mudosa Follow Nov 14 '25 C++ Arrays and Vectors: How I understood the Differences # webdev # programming # cpp Comments Add Comment 3 min read CXXGraph vs Boost Graph Library: The Complete 2025 Comparison Guide ZigRazor ZigRazor ZigRazor Follow Nov 13 '25 CXXGraph vs Boost Graph Library: The Complete 2025 Comparison Guide # showdev # cpp # opensource # algorithms 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 12 min read Coroutines & Concurrent HTTP and a Templating Engine in C++ (Part 2) Armaan Chahal Armaan Chahal Armaan Chahal Follow Dec 16 '25 Coroutines & Concurrent HTTP and a Templating Engine in C++ (Part 2) # cpp # networking # programming # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 11 min read DroneLab - a Simulator and Visualizer for Drones Rodrigo Rodrigo Rodrigo Follow Nov 13 '25 DroneLab - a Simulator and Visualizer for Drones # cpp # drones # simulation Comments Add Comment 1 min read Taming Tedious Tasks with a Tiny Titan: The ESP32 Auto-Controller Luis F. Patrocinio Luis F. Patrocinio Luis F. Patrocinio Follow Nov 17 '25 Taming Tedious Tasks with a Tiny Titan: The ESP32 Auto-Controller # gamedev # cpp # iot # esp32 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Patternia - A zero-overhead pattern matching library for C++ with powerful features like generics and structural binding. sentomk sentomk sentomk Follow Dec 15 '25 Patternia - A zero-overhead pattern matching library for C++ with powerful features like generics and structural binding. # cpp # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Architecture Follow Hide The fundamental structures of a software system. Create Post Older #architecture posts 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu I Built a Scalable Financial Transaction System That Stays Correct Under Load Praval Parikh Praval Parikh Praval Parikh Follow Jan 3 I Built a Scalable Financial Transaction System That Stays Correct Under Load # architecture # database # performance # systemdesign 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Designing a Secure AWS Landing Zone with Control Tower (What Most Blogs Don’t Tell You) Amaan Ul Haq Siddiqui Amaan Ul Haq Siddiqui Amaan Ul Haq Siddiqui Follow Jan 4 Designing a Secure AWS Landing Zone with Control Tower (What Most Blogs Don’t Tell You) # architecture # aws # devops # security 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read Solving the UI Customization Nightmare in Flutter Enterprise Apps Tejas Tejas Tejas Follow Jan 2 Solving the UI Customization Nightmare in Flutter Enterprise Apps # appdev # flutter # dart # architecture 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read From Reset to Control: Disabling Interrupts on ARM Bare Metal Ripan Deuri Ripan Deuri Ripan Deuri Follow Jan 2 From Reset to Control: Disabling Interrupts on ARM Bare Metal # architecture # computerscience # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read Part 4: Building the Bronze Layer with Auto Loader and Delta Lake Nithyalakshmi Kamalakkannan Nithyalakshmi Kamalakkannan Nithyalakshmi Kamalakkannan Follow Jan 2 Part 4: Building the Bronze Layer with Auto Loader and Delta Lake # architecture # dataengineering # tutorial # sql Comments Add Comment 2 min read Part 2: Project Architecture Nithyalakshmi Kamalakkannan Nithyalakshmi Kamalakkannan Nithyalakshmi Kamalakkannan Follow Jan 2 Part 2: Project Architecture # systemdesign # data # architecture # dataengineering Comments Add Comment 2 min read Back to the V-Model: SDD in the AI Era - Classic V-Model discipline for AI-first SDD Ziv Kfir Ziv Kfir Ziv Kfir Follow Jan 7 Back to the V-Model: SDD in the AI Era - Classic V-Model discipline for AI-first SDD # ai # architecture # softwareengineering 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 11 min read MLOps vs DevOps: The Real Difference (and When You Need Both) AppRecode AppRecode AppRecode Follow Jan 2 MLOps vs DevOps: The Real Difference (and When You Need Both) # architecture # devops # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 4 min read Protecting an EC2 hosted web application with AWS WAF in practice Geovane Oliveira Geovane Oliveira Geovane Oliveira Follow Jan 8 Protecting an EC2 hosted web application with AWS WAF in practice # architecture # aws # devops # security Comments Add Comment 12 min read EP 7: The "Join" Tax vs. The "Storage" Tax Hrishikesh Dalal Hrishikesh Dalal Hrishikesh Dalal Follow Jan 2 EP 7: The "Join" Tax vs. The "Storage" Tax # systemdesign # architecture # database # performance Comments Add Comment 4 min read Regulating Capability, Not Conduct: Why Europe’s next regulatory frontier lies inside system architecture Jessica le Jessica le Jessica le Follow Jan 2 Regulating Capability, Not Conduct: Why Europe’s next regulatory frontier lies inside system architecture # discuss # ai # architecture Comments Add Comment 4 min read Orchestrated UI with Symfony UX and Mercure Paul Clegg Paul Clegg Paul Clegg Follow Jan 7 Orchestrated UI with Symfony UX and Mercure # php # distributedsystems # architecture # webdev Comments Add Comment 15 min read REST API Best Practices Er. Bhupendra Er. Bhupendra Er. Bhupendra Follow Jan 3 REST API Best Practices # api # architecture # backend Comments Add Comment 1 min read SwiftUI Design Tokens & Theming System (Production-Scale) Sebastien Lato Sebastien Lato Sebastien Lato Follow Jan 1 SwiftUI Design Tokens & Theming System (Production-Scale) # swiftui # design # architecture # theming Comments Add Comment 2 min read Effection Scope: Resource Lifetimes and Cleanup Joshua Amaju Joshua Amaju Joshua Amaju Follow Jan 2 Effection Scope: Resource Lifetimes and Cleanup # javascript # advanced # architecture Comments Add Comment 3 min read Type-Safe Collections in C#: How NonEmptyList Eliminates Runtime Exceptions Ahmad Al-Freihat Ahmad Al-Freihat Ahmad Al-Freihat Follow Jan 2 Type-Safe Collections in C#: How NonEmptyList Eliminates Runtime Exceptions # csharp # dotnet # functional # architecture Comments Add Comment 4 min read REFRAG y la dependencia crítica a los pesos del modelo Joaquin Jose del Cerro Murciano Joaquin Jose del Cerro Murciano Joaquin Jose del Cerro Murciano Follow Jan 2 REFRAG y la dependencia crítica a los pesos del modelo # spanish # ai # llm # architecture Comments Add Comment 4 min read The Architecture Behind Reliable Open-Source AI Agent Frameworks Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Follow Jan 7 The Architecture Behind Reliable Open-Source AI Agent Frameworks # agents # ai # architecture # opensource 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read Website Downtime in 2025: Biggest Outages, Costly Mistakes & How to Stay Online in 2026 Nemanja F. Nemanja F. Nemanja F. Follow Jan 1 Website Downtime in 2025: Biggest Outages, Costly Mistakes & How to Stay Online in 2026 # architecture # cloud # devops Comments Add Comment 6 min read I’m open-sourcing a protocol to automate neighborhood fairness. Here is the logic. Kowshik Jallipalli Kowshik Jallipalli Kowshik Jallipalli Follow Jan 6 I’m open-sourcing a protocol to automate neighborhood fairness. Here is the logic. # discuss # architecture # automation # opensource Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why Centralized AI Became the Default — and Why That Assumption May No Longer Hold The Scratchy Cat The Scratchy Cat The Scratchy Cat Follow Jan 2 Why Centralized AI Became the Default — and Why That Assumption May No Longer Hold # discuss # ai # architecture Comments Add Comment 1 min read Part 1 - Core Foundations for Enterprise C#: OOP & SOLID, Clean Architecture, and Type Semantics Seigo Kitamura Seigo Kitamura Seigo Kitamura Follow Jan 7 Part 1 - Core Foundations for Enterprise C#: OOP & SOLID, Clean Architecture, and Type Semantics # csharp # architecture # oop # solid Comments Add Comment 4 min read Thundering Herds: The Scalability Killer Aonnis Aonnis Aonnis Follow Jan 1 Thundering Herds: The Scalability Killer # architecture # performance # systemdesign Comments Add Comment 7 min read 2026 : Microservices architecture Abdul Muspik Abdul Muspik Abdul Muspik Follow Jan 2 2026 : Microservices architecture # architecture # microservices # systemdesign Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day 7: Designing a Serverless AI Financial Agent (Project Roadmap) Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Follow Jan 1 Day 7: Designing a Serverless AI Financial Agent (Project Roadmap) # aws # architecture # serverless # python Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://stripe.com/zh-my/privacy | 与 Stripe 销售人员聊天 Dasar Privasi Stripe logo 法律 Stripe Privacy Policy & Privacy Center 隐私政策 Cookie 政策 数据隐私框架 服务提供商列表 数据处理协议 Supplier Data Processing Agreement Stripe 隐私中心 Dasar Privasi Untuk kemudahan anda, kami telah menyediakan terjemahan halaman ini. Terjemahan ini hanya untuk tujuan maklumat sahaja, dan versi muktamad laman ini adalah versi Bahasa Inggeris. Kali terakhir dikemaskinikan: 16 Januari 2025 Dasar Privasi ini merangkumi maklumat penting mengenai data peribadi anda dan kami menggalakkan anda untuk membacanya dengan teliti. Selamat datang Kami menyediakan infrastruktur kewangan untuk Internet. Individu dan perniagaan, sama ada perniagaan kecil atau besar, menggunakan teknologi dan perkhidmatan kami untuk memudahkan pembelian, menerima pembayaran, menghantar pembayaran keluar, dan mengurus perniagaan dalam talian. Dasar Privasi ini (“Dasar”) menerangkan Data Peribadi yang kami kumpulkan, cara kami menggunakan dan berkongsi data tersebut, serta butiran tentang cara anda boleh menghubungi kami sekiranya ada pertanyaan berkaitan privasi. Dasar ini juga menggariskan hak dan pilihan anda sebagai subjek data, termasuk hak untuk membantah penggunaan Data Peribadi anda yang tertentu. Bergantung pada aktiviti, Stripe memikul peranan sebagai “pengawal data” dan/atau “pemproses data” (atau “penyedia perkhidmatan”). Untuk butiran lanjut tentang amalan privasi kami, termasuk peranan kami, entiti Stripe tertentu yang bertanggungjawab di bawah Dasar ini, dan asas perundangan kami untuk memproses Data Peribadi anda, sila lawati Pusat Privasi kami. Istilah yang Ditakrifkan Dalam Dasar ini, “Stripe”, atau “kami” merujuk entiti Stripe yang bertanggungjawab untuk pengumpulan, penggunaan, dan pengendalian Data Peribadi seperti yang diterangkan dalam dokumen ini. Bergantung pada bidang kuasa anda, entiti Stripe tertentu yang bertanggungjawab terhadap Data Peribadi anda mungkin berbeza-beza. Ketahui Selanjutnya . “Data Peribadi” merujuk sebarang maklumat yang dikaitkan dengan individu yang dikenal pasti atau boleh dikenal pasti, yang boleh merangkumi data yang anda berikan kepada kami, dan data yang kami kumpulkan tentang anda semasa interaksi anda dengan Perkhidmatan kami (seperti maklumat peranti, alamat IP, dsb.). “Perkhidmatan” merujuk produk, perkhidmatan, peranti, dan aplikasi, yang kami berikan menurut Perjanjian Perkhidmatan (“Perkhidmatan Perniagaan”) Stripe atau Terma Perkhidmatan Pengguna (“Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir”) Stripe; laman web (“Laman”) seperti Stripe.com dan Link.com; serta aplikasi dan perkhidmatan dalam talian Stripe yang lain. Kami memberikan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kepada entiti (“Pengguna Perniagaan”). Kami menyediakan Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir secara terus kepada individu untuk kegunaan peribadi mereka. “Rakan Kongsi Kewangan” ialah institusi kewangan, bank, dan rakan kongsi lain seperti pemeroleh kaedah pembayaran, penyedia pembayaran keluar, dan rangkaian kad yang bekerjasama dengan kami untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan. Bergantung pada konteks, “anda” mungkin Pelanggan Akhir, Pengguna Akhir, Wakil, atau Pelawat: Pengguna Akhir . Apabila anda menggunakan Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir, seperti menyimpan kaedah pembayaran dengan Link untuk kegunaan peribadi, kami merujuk anda sebagai “Pengguna Akhir”. Pelanggan Akhir . Apabila anda tidak melakukan transaksi secara terus dengan Stripe, tetapi kami menerima Data Peribadi anda untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan kepada Pengguna Perniagaan, termasuk apabila anda membuat pembelian daripada Pengguna Perniagaan pada halaman Stripe Checkout atau menerima bayaran daripada Pengguna Perniagaan, kami merujuk anda sebagai “Pelanggan Akhir”. Wakil . Apabila anda bertindak bagi pihak Pengguna Perniagaan yang sedia ada atau berpotensi—mungkin sebagai pengasas syarikat, pentadbir akaun untuk Pengguna Perniagaan, atau penerima kad kredit pekerja daripada Pengguna Perniagaan melalui Stripe Issuing—kami merujuk anda sebagai “Wakil”. Pelawat . Apabila anda berinteraksi dengan Stripe dengan melawati Laman tanpa log masuk ke akaun Stripe, atau apabila interaksi anda dengan Stripe tidak melibatkan anda menjadi Pengguna Akhir, Pelanggan Akhir, atau Wakil, kami merujuk anda sebagai “Pelawat”. Contohnya, anda ialah Pelawat apabila anda menghantar mesej kepada Stripe untuk meminta maklumat lanjut tentang Perkhidmatan kami. Dalam Dasar ini, “Data Transaksi” merujuk data yang dikumpulkan dan digunakan oleh Stripe untuk memudahkan transaksi yang anda minta. Sesetengah Data Transaksi ialah Data Peribadi dan boleh merangkumi: nama, alamat e-mel, nombor untuk dihubungi, alamat pengebilan dan pengiriman, maklumat kaedah pembayaran anda (seperti nombor kad kredit atau debit, butiran akaun bank, atau imej kad pembayaran yang anda pilih), butiran peniaga dan lokasi, amaun dan tarikh pembelian, serta dalam sesetengah kes, maklumat tentang item yang telah dibeli. 1. Data Peribadi yang kami kumpulkan dan cara kami berkongsi dan menggunakannya 2. Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi 3. Asas perundangan untuk memproses data 4. Hak dan pilihan anda 5. Keselamatan dan pengekalan 6. Pemindahan data antarabangsa 7. Kemas kinian dan pemberitahuan 8. Peruntukan yang khusus mengikut bidang kuasa 9. Hubungi kami 10. Notis Privasi Pengguna AS 1. Data Peribadi yang kami kumpulkan dan cara kami berkongsi dan menggunakannya Pengumpulan dan penggunaan Data Peribadi oleh kami berbeza berdasarkan sama ada anda ialah Pengguna Akhir, Pelanggan Akhir, Wakil, atau Pelawat, dan Perkhidmatan tertentu yang sedang anda gunakan. Contohnya, jika anda empunya tunggal yang ingin menggunakan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami, kami mungkin mengumpulkan Data Peribadi anda untuk menjalankan proses onboarding perniagaan anda; pada masa yang sama, anda juga mungkin merupakan Pelanggan Akhir jika anda telah membeli barangan daripada Pengguna Perniagaan lain yang menggunakan Perkhidmatan kami untuk memproses pembayaran. Anda juga boleh menjadi Pengguna Akhir jika anda telah menggunakan Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir kami, seperti Link, untuk transaksi tersebut. 1.1 Pengguna Akhir Kami menyediakan Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir apabila kami memberikan Perkhidmatan secara terus kepada anda untuk kegunaan peribadi anda (contohnya Link). Butiran tambahan berkenaan dengan pengumpulan, penggunaan, dan perkongsian Data Peribadi Pengguna Akhir oleh kami, termasuk asas perundangan yang menjadi pergantungan kami untuk memproses data sedemikian, boleh didapati di Pusat Privasi kami. a. Data Peribadi yang kami kumpulkan tentang Pengguna Akhir Menggunakan Link atau Menghubungkan akaun bank anda . Stripe menawarkan perkhidmatan yang dipanggil "Link," yang membenarkan anda mencipta akaun dan menyimpan maklumat untuk interaksi yang akan datang dengan Perkhidmatan dan Pengguna Perniagaan Stripe. Anda boleh menyimpan beberapa jenis Data Peribadi yang berbeza menggunakan Link. Sebagai contoh, anda boleh menyimpan nama, butiran kaedah pembayaran, maklumat hubungan, dan alamat anda untuk menggunakan maklumat tersimpan dengan mudah bagi membayar transaksi merentas Pengguna Perniagaan kami. Apabila anda memilih untuk membuat pembayaran dengan Link, kami juga akan mengumpulkan Data Transaksi yang berkaitan dengan transaksi anda. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Anda juga boleh berkongsi dan menyimpan butiran akaun bank pada akaun Link anda menggunakan produk Financial Connections Stripe. Apabila anda menggunakan Financial Connections, Stripe akan mengumpulkan dan memproses maklumat akaun anda secara berkala (seperti maklumat pemilik akaun bank, baki akaun, nombor dan butiran akaun, transaksi akaun, dan dalam sesetengah kes, bukti kelayakan log masuk). Anda boleh meminta kami menghentikan pengumpulan data sedemikian pada bila-bila masa. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Akhirnya, anda boleh menggunakan Link untuk menyimpan dokumen pengenalan anda (seperti lesen memandu anda) supaya anda boleh berkongsi dokumen tersebut dalam interaksi yang akan datang dengan Stripe atau Pengguna Perniagaannya. Membuat pembayaran kepada Stripe . Apabila anda membeli barangan atau perkhidmatan secara terus daripada Stripe, kami menerima Data Transaksi anda. Contohnya, apabila anda membuat pembayaran kepada Stripe Climate, kami mengumpulkan maklumat tentang transaksi tersebut, serta butiran hubungan dan kaedah pembayaran anda. Perkhidmatan Identiti/Penentusahan . Kami menawarkan perkhidmatan penentusahan identiti yang mengautomatikkan perbandingan dokumen pengenalan anda (seperti lesen memandu) dengan imej anda (seperti swafoto). Anda boleh memberikan persetujuan secara berasingan kepada kami menggunakan data biometrik anda untuk mempertingkatkan teknologi penentusahan kami, dengan pilihan untuk membatalkan persetujuan anda pada bila-bila masa. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Selanjutnya . Untuk mendapatkan maklumat lanjut tentang jenis Data Peribadi lain yang mungkin kami kumpulkan tentang Pengguna Akhir, termasuk tentang aktiviti dalam talian anda dan keterlibatan anda dengan Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir kami, sila lihat bahagian Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi di bawah. b. Cara kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pengguna Akhir Perkhidmatan . Kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi anda untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir kepada anda, yang merangkumi sokongan, pemperibadian (seperti keutamaan bahasa dan pilihan tetapan), dan komunikasi tentang Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir kami (seperti mengkomunikasikan kemas kinian Dasar dan maklumat tentang Perkhidmatan kami). Contohnya, Stripe mungkin menggunakan kuki dan teknologi yang serupa atau data yang anda berikan kepada Pengguna Perniagaan kami (misalnya apabila anda memasukkan alamat e-mel anda pada laman web Pengguna Perniagaan) untuk mengenali anda dan membantu anda menggunakan Link ketika melawat laman web Pengguna Perniagaan kami. Ketahui selanjutnya tentang cara kami menggunakan kuki dan teknologi yang serupa dalam Cookie Policy Stripe. Pengguna Perniagaan Kami . Apabila anda menggunakan Link untuk membuat pembayaran dengan Pengguna Perniagaan kami, kami berkongsi Data Peribadi anda, termasuk nama, maklumat hubungan, butiran kaedah pembayaran, dan Data Transaksi dengan Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Anda juga boleh meminta Stripe untuk berkongsi maklumat akaun bank dan dokumen pengenalan anda yang tersimpan dengan Pengguna Perniagaan yang berurus niaga dengan anda. Setelah kami berkongsi Data Peribadi anda dengan Pengguna Perniagaan, kami boleh memproses Data Peribadi tersebut sebagai Pemproses Data bagi Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut, seperti yang diperincikan dalam Bahagian 1.2 bagi Dasar ini. Anda hendaklah merujuk dasar privasi Pengguna Perniagaan yang berurus niaga dengan anda untuk mendapat tahu cara mereka menggunakan maklumat yang dikongsi dengan mereka. Pengesanan Penipuan dan Pencegahan Kerugian . Kami menggunakan Data Peribadi anda yang dikumpulkan di seluruh Perkhidmatan kami untuk mengesan penipuan dan mencegah kerugian kewangan untuk anda, kami, serta Pengguna Perniagaan dan Rakan Kongsi Kewangan kami, termasuk mengesan pembelian tanpa izin. Kami mungkin memberikan Data Peribadi tentang anda (termasuk percubaan transaksi anda) kepada Pengguna Perniagaan dan Rakan Kongsi Kewangan, termasuk mereka yang menggunakan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami yang berkaitan dengan pencegahan penipuan (seperti Stripe Radar), agar mereka boleh menilai risiko penipuan atau kerugian yang berkaitan dengan transaksi tersebut. Ketahui selanjutnya tentang kemungkinan cara kami menggunakan teknologi untuk menilai risiko penipuan yang dikaitkan dengan percubaan transaksi dan maklumat yang kami kongsi dengan Pengguna Perniagaan dan Rakan Kongsi Kewangan di sini dan di sini . Pengiklanan . Apabila dibenarkan oleh undang-undang yang berkenaan, kami mungkin menggunakan Data Peribadi anda, termasuk Data Transaksi, untuk menilai kelayakan anda terhadap Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir yang lain dan menawarkan Perkhidmatan tersebut kepada anda atau mempromosikan Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir yang sedia ada, termasuk melalui pemasaran bersama dengan rakan kongsi seperti Pengguna Perniagaan Stripe. Ketahui selanjutnya . Tertakluk pada undang-undang yang berkenaan, termasuk sebarang keperluan persetujuan, kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pengguna Akhir dengan rakan kongsi pihak ketiga untuk membolehkan kami mengiklankan Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir kami kepada anda, termasuk melalui pengiklanan berasaskan minat, dan untuk menjejaki keberkesanan iklan sedemikian. Kami tidak memindahkan Data Peribadi anda kepada pihak ketiga sebagai pertukaran untuk pembayaran, tetapi kami mungkin memberikan data anda kepada rakan kongsi pihak ketiga, seperti rakan kongsi pengiklanan, penyedia analisis, dan rangkaian sosial, yang membantu kami mengiklankan Perkhidmatan kami kepada anda. Ketahui selanjutnya . Selanjutnya . Untuk maklumat lanjut tentang cara yang memungkinkan kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pengguna Akhir, sila lihat bahagian Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi di bawah. 1.2 Pelanggan Akhir Stripe menyediakan pelbagai Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kepada Pengguna Perniagaan kami, yang merangkumi pemprosesan pembayaran atau pembayaran keluar secara bersemuka atau dalam talian untuk Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut. Apabila kami bertindak sebagai penyedia perkhidmatan—juga dirujuk sebagai Pemproses Data—bagi Pengguna Perniagaan, kami memproses Data Peribadi Pelanggan Akhir menurut perjanjian kami dengan Pengguna Perniagaan dan arahan sah Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut. Hal ini berlaku, contohnya, apabila kami memproses pembayaran untuk Pengguna Perniagaan kerana anda membeli produk daripada mereka, atau apabila Pengguna Perniagaan meminta kami menghantar dana kepada anda. Pengguna Perniagaan bertanggungjawab memastikan bahawa hak privasi Pelanggan Akhir mereka dihormati, termasuk mendapatkan persetujuan yang bersesuaian dan membuat pendedahan tentang pengumpulan dan penggunaan data oleh mereka sendiri yang berkaitan dengan produk dan perkhidmatan mereka. Jika anda merupakan Pelanggan Akhir, sila rujuk dasar privasi Pengguna Perniagaan yang berurus niaga dengan anda untuk maklumat tentang amalan, pilihan, dan kawalan privasi Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut. Kami memberikan maklumat yang lebih komprehensif tentang pengumpulan, penggunaan, dan perkongsian Data Peribadi Pelanggan Akhir kami di Pusat Privasi kami, termasuk asas perundangan yang menjadi pergantungan kami untuk memproses Data Peribadi anda. a. Data Peribadi yang kami kumpulkan tentang Pelanggan Akhir Data Transaksi . Jika anda merupakan Pelanggan Akhir yang membuat pembayaran kepada Pengguna Perniagaan, menerima bayaran balik atau bayaran daripada Pengguna Perniagaan, memulakan pembelian atau derma, atau dengan cara lain membuat transaksi dengan Pengguna Perniagaan kami, sama ada secara bersemuka atau dalam talian, kami menerima Data Transaksi anda. Kami juga mungkin menerima sejarah transaksi anda dengan Pengguna Perniagaan. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Selain itu, kami mungkin mengumpulkan maklumat yang dimasukkan dalam borang bayar dan keluar, walaupun jika anda memilih untuk tidak melengkapkan borang tersebut atau menyelesaikan transaksi dengan Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Pengguna Perniagaan yang menggunakan Perkhidmatan Terminal Stripe untuk menyediakan barangan atau perkhidmatan kepada Pelanggan Akhir boleh menggunakan Perkhidmatan Terminal untuk mengumpulkan Data Peribadi Pelanggan Akhir (seperti nama, e-mel, nombor telefon, alamat, tandatangan, atau umur anda) menurut dasar privasinya sendiri. Maklumat Identiti/Penentusahan . Stripe menyediakan Perkhidmatan berkaitan penentusahan dan pencegahan penipuan yang boleh digunakan oleh Pengguna Perniagaan kami untuk menentusahkan Data Peribadi mengenai anda, seperti keizinan anda untuk menggunakan kaedah pembayaran tertentu. Semasa proses tersebut, anda akan diminta untuk berkongsi Data Peribadi yang tertentu dengan kami (seperti dokumen pengenalan daripada kerajaan dan swafoto anda untuk penentusahan biometrik, Data Peribadi yang anda masukkan, atau Data Peribadi yang jelas kelihatan daripada kaedah pembayaran fizikal seperti imej kad kredit). Untuk perlindungan terhadap penipuan dan menentukan sama ada seseorang cuba menyamar sebagai anda atau tidak, kami boleh membuat penentusahan silang terhadap data ini dengan maklumat mengenai anda yang telah kami kumpulkan daripada Pengguna Perniagaan, Rakan Kongsi Kewangan, anggota gabungan perniagaan, perkhidmatan penentusahan identiti, sumber yang boleh didapati secara terbuka, serta penyedia perkhidmatan pihak ketiga dan sumber yang lain. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Selanjutnya . Untuk maklumat lanjut tentang jenis Data Peribadi lain yang mungkin kami kumpulkan tentang Pelanggan Akhir, termasuk tentang aktiviti dalam talian anda, sila lihat bahagian Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi di bawah. b. Cara kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pelanggan Akhir Untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami kepada Pengguna Perniagaan, kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pelanggan Akhir dengan mereka. Apabila dibenarkan, kami juga menggunakan Data Peribadi Pelanggan Akhir bagi tujuan Stripe sendiri seperti mempertingkatkan keselamatan, menambah baik dan menawarkan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami, serta mencegah penipuan, kerugian, dan kerosakan yang lain, seperti yang diterangkan dengan lebih lanjut di bawah. Pemprosesan pembayaran dan perakaunan . Kami menggunakan Data Transaksi anda untuk menyampaikan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan berkaitan Pembayaran kepada Pengguna Perniagaan—termasuk pemprosesan transaksi pembayaran dalam talian, pengiraan cukai jualan, serta pengendalian invois, bil, dan pertikaian—serta membantu mereka menentukan pendapatan mereka, menyelesaikan bil mereka, dan melaksanakan tugas perakaunan. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Kami juga mungkin menggunakan Data Peribadi anda untuk menyediakan dan menambah baik Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami. Semasa transaksi pembayaran, Data Peribadi anda dikongsi dengan pelbagai entiti berhubung dengan transaksi anda. Sebagai penyedia perkhidmatan atau pemproses data, kami berkongsi Data Peribadi untuk membolehkan transaksi seperti yang diarahkan oleh Pengguna Perniagaan. Sebagai contoh, apabila anda memilih kaedah pembayaran untuk transaksi anda, kami mungkin berkongsi Data Transaksi anda dengan pihak bank anda atau penyedia kaedah pembayaran yang lain, termasuk sebagaimana yang diperlukan untuk menentukan kesahihan diri anda, Ketahui Selanjutnya , memproses transaksi anda, mencegah penipuan, dan mengendalikan pertikaian. Pengguna Perniagaan yang anda pilih untuk berurus niaga dengannya turut menerima Data Transaksi dan mungkin berkongsi data tersebut dengan pihak lain. Sila semak dasar privasi peniaga, pihak bank, dan penyedia kaedah pembayaran anda untuk maklumat lanjut tentang cara mereka menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi anda. Perkhidmatan kewangan . Sesetengah Pengguna Perniagaan memanfaatkan Perkhidmatan kami untuk menawarkan perkhidmatan kewangan kepada anda melalui Stripe atau Rakan Kongsi Kewangan kami. Contohnya, Pengguna Perniagaan mungkin mengeluarkan produk kad yang membolehkan anda membeli barangan dan perkhidmatan dengannya. Kad sedemikian boleh membawa jenama Stripe, rakan kongsi bank, dan/atau Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut. Selain apa-apa Data Transaksi yang mungkin kami hasilkan atau terima apabila kad ini digunakan untuk pembelian, kami juga mengumpulkan dan menggunakan Data Peribadi anda untuk menyediakan dan mengurus produk ini, termasuk membantu Pengguna Perniagaan kami untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan kad tersebut. Sila semak dasar privasi Pengguna Perniagaan dan, jika berkenaan, rakan kongsi bank kami yang dikaitkan dengan perkhidmatan kewangan tersebut (yang jenamanya mungkin tertera pada kad) untuk maklumat lanjut. Perkhidmatan Identiti/Penentusahan . Kami menggunakan Data Peribadi mengenai identiti anda untuk melaksanakan perkhidmatan penentusahan untuk Stripe atau Pengguna Perniagaan yang anda berurus niaga dengannya, untuk mencegah penipuan dan mempertingkatkan keselamatan. Bagi tujuan ini, kami mungkin menggunakan Data Peribadi yang anda berikan secara terus atau Data Peribadi yang kami peroleh daripada penyedia perkhidmatan kami, termasuk untuk penentusahan telefon. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Jika anda memberikan swafoto bersama imej dokumen pengenalan anda, kami mungkin menggunakan teknologi biometrik untuk membandingkan dan mengira sama ada kedua-duanya sepadan atau tidak, serta menentusahkan identiti anda. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Pengesanan penipuan dan pencegahan kerugian . Kami menggunakan Data Peribadi anda yang dikumpulkan di seluruh Perkhidmatan kami untuk mengesan dan mencegah kerugian kepada anda, kami, Pengguna Perniagaan, dan Rakan Kongsi Kewangan kami. Kami mungkin memberikan Data Peribadi anda (termasuk percubaan transaksi anda) kepada Pengguna Perniagaan dan Rakan Kongsi Kewangan, termasuk mereka yang menggunakan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami yang berkaitan dengan pencegahan penipuan, untuk membantu mereka menilai risiko penipuan atau kerugian yang berkaitan dengan suatu transaksi. Ketahui selanjutnya tentang kemungkinan cara kami menggunakan teknologi untuk menilai risiko penipuan yang dikaitkan dengan percubaan transaksi dan maklumat yang kami kongsi dengan Pengguna Perniagaan dan Rakan Kongsi Kewangan di sini dan di sini . Pengguna Perniagaan Kami (dan pihak ketiga mereka yang diberi kuasa) . Kami berkongsi Data Peribadi Pelanggan Akhir dengan Pengguna Perniagaan masing-masing dan pihak yang diberi kuasa secara terus oleh Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut untuk menerima data sedemikian. Berikut ialah contoh biasa tentang perkongsian sedemikian: Apabila Pengguna Perniagaan mengarahkan Stripe untuk memberikan akses kepada akaun Stripe-nya kepada Pengguna Perniagaan yang lain, termasuk data yang berkaitan dengan Pelanggan Akhirnya, melalui Stripe Connect. Berkongsi maklumat yang telah anda berikan kepada kami dengan Pengguna Perniagaan agar kami boleh menghantar pembayaran kepada anda bagi pihak Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut. Berkongsi maklumat, dokumen, atau imej yang diberikan oleh Pelanggan Akhir dengan Pengguna Perniagaan apabila Pengguna Perniagaan menggunakan Stripe Identity, iaitu Perkhidmatan penentusahan identiti kami, untuk menentusahkan identiti Pelanggan Akhir tersebut. Pengguna Perniagaan yang anda pilih untuk berurus niaga dengannya mungkin seterusnya berkongsi Data Peribadi anda dengan pihak ketiga (seperti penyedia perkhidmatan pihak ketiga tambahan selain Stripe). Sila semak dasar privasi Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut untuk maklumat lanjut. Pengiklanan oleh Pengguna Perniagaan . Jika anda memulakan proses pembelian dengan Pengguna Perniagaan, Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut akan menerima Data Peribadi anda daripada kami berhubung dengan penyediaan Perkhidmatan kami walaupun jika anda tidak menyelesaikan pembelian anda. Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut mungkin menggunakan Data Peribadi anda untuk memasarkan dan mengiklankan produk atau perkhidmatan mereka, tertakluk pada terma dasar privasi mereka. Sila semak dasar privasi Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut untuk maklumat lanjut, termasuk hak anda untuk menghentikan penggunaan Data Peribadi anda oleh mereka bagi tujuan pemasaran. Selanjutnya . Untuk maklumat lanjut tentang cara tambahan yang memungkinkan kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pelanggan Akhir, sila lihat bahagian Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi di bawah. 1.3 Wakil Kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi daripada Wakil Pengguna Perniagaan (contohnya, pemilik perniagaan) untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami. Untuk maklumat lanjut tentang cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi daripada Wakil, serta asas perundangan yang menjadi pergantungan kami untuk memproses Data Peribadi sedemikian, sila lawati Pusat Privasi kami. a. Data Peribadi yang kami kumpulkan tentang Wakil Pendaftaran dan maklumat hubungan . Apabila anda mendaftar untuk akaun Stripe bagi Pengguna Perniagaan (termasuk pemerbadanan Perniagaan), kami mengumpulkan nama dan bukti kelayakan log masuk anda. Jika anda mendaftar atau menghadiri acara yang dianjurkan oleh Stripe atau mendaftar untuk menerima komunikasi Stripe, kami mengumpulkan data pendaftaran dan profil anda. Sebagai Wakil, kami mungkin mengumpulkan Data Peribadi anda daripada pihak ketiga, termasuk penyedia data, untuk mengiklankan, memasarkan, dan berkomunikasi dengan anda seperti yang diperincikan dengan lebih lanjut dalam bahagian Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi di bawah. Kami juga mungkin memautkan lokasi dengan anda untuk menyesuaikan Perkhidmatan atau maklumat secara berkesan mengikut keperluan anda. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Maklumat Pengenalan . Sebagai Pengguna Perniagaan semasa atau yang berpotensi, pemilik bagi Pengguna Perniagaan, atau pemegang saham, pegawai, atau pengarah bagi Pengguna Perniagaan, kami memerlukan butiran hubungan anda, seperti nama, alamat pos, nombor telefon, dan alamat e-mel, untuk memenuhi keperluan Rakan Kongsi Kewangan dan pengawalseliaan kami, menentusahkan identiti anda, serta mencegah aktiviti penipuan dan mudarat terhadap platform Stripe. Kami mengumpulkan Data Peribadi anda, seperti kepentingan pemilikan dalam Pengguna Perniagaan, tarikh lahir, dokumen pengenalan yang dikeluarkan oleh kerajaan, dan pengenal pasti yang berkaitan, serta sebarang sejarah penipuan atau penyalahgunaan, secara terus daripada anda dan/atau daripada sumber yang boleh didapati secara terbuka, pihak ketiga seperti biro kredit dan melalui Perkhidmatan yang kami sediakan. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Anda juga boleh memilih untuk memberi kami maklumat akaun bank. Selanjutnya . Untuk maklumat lanjut tentang jenis Data Peribadi lain yang mungkin kami kumpulkan tentang Wakil, termasuk aktiviti dalam talian anda, sila lihat bahagian Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi di bawah. b. Cara kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Wakil Lazimnya, kami menggunakan Data Peribadi Wakil untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kepada Pengguna Perniagaan yang berpadanan. Cara kami menggunakan dan berkongsi data ini diterangkan dengan lebih lanjut di bawah. Perkhidmatan Perniagaan . Kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Wakil dengan Pengguna Perniagaan untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan yang anda minta atau yang diminta oleh Pengguna Perniagaan yang anda wakili. Dalam sesetengah kes, kami mungkin perlu menyerahkan Data Peribadi anda kepada entiti kerajaan untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami, bagi tujuan seperti pemerbadanan perniagaan, atau pengiraan dan pembayaran cukai jualan yang berkenaan. Untuk Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami yang berkaitan dengan cukai, kami mungkin menggunakan Data Peribadi anda untuk menyediakan dokumen cukai dan memfailkan cukai bagi pihak Pengguna Perniagaan yang anda wakili. Untuk Perkhidmatan pemerbadanan perniagaan kami, iaitu Atlas, kami mungkin menggunakan Data Peribadi anda untuk menyerahkan borang kepada IRS bagi pihak anda dan memfailkan dokumen dengan pihak berkuasa kerajaan yang lain, seperti tataurusan penubuhan di negeri penubuhan anda. Kami berkongsi Data Peribadi Wakil dengan pihak yang diberi kuasa oleh Pengguna Perniagaan yang berpadanan, seperti Rakan Kongsi Kewangan yang memberikan khidmat produk kewangan, atau app atau perkhidmatan pihak ketiga yang dipilih oleh Pengguna Perniagaan untuk digunakan bersama dengan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami. Berikut ialah contoh biasa tentang perkongsian sedemikian: Penyedia kaedah pembayaran, seperti Visa atau WeChat Pay, memerlukan maklumat tentang Pengguna Perniagaan dan Wakil mereka yang menerima kaedah pembayaran mereka. Maklumat ini biasanya diperlukan semasa proses onboarding atau untuk memproses transaksi dan mengendalikan pertikaian bagi Pengguna Perniagaan ini. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Pengguna Perniagaan boleh mengizinkan Stripe untuk berkongsi Data Peribadi anda dengan Pengguna Perniagaan lain untuk memudahkan penyediaan Perkhidmatan melalui Stripe Connect. Penggunaan Data Peribadi oleh pihak ketiga yang diberi kuasa oleh Pengguna Perniagaan tertakluk pada dasar privasi pihak ketiga tersebut. Jika anda Pengguna Perniagaan yang telah memilih nama yang merangkumi Data Peribadi (contohnya, keempunyaan tunggal atau nama keluarga dalam nama syarikat), kami akan menggunakan dan berkongsi maklumat sedemikian untuk penyediaan Perkhidmatan kami dalam cara yang sama kami lakukan terhadap mana-mana nama syarikat. Hal ini boleh merangkumi, contohnya, pemaparan nama tersebut pada resit dan huraian lain yang mengenal pasti transaksi. Pengesanan penipuan dan pencegahan kerugian . Kami menggunakan Data Peribadi Wakil untuk mengenal pasti dan mengurus risiko bahawa Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami mungkin digunakan untuk aktiviti penipuan sehingga menyebabkan kerugian kepada Stripe, Pengguna Akhir, Pelanggan Akhir, Pengguna Perniagaan, Rakan Kongsi Kewangan, dan pihak lain. Kami juga menggunakan maklumat mengenai anda yang diperoleh daripada sumber yang boleh didapati secara terbuka, pihak ketiga seperti biro kredit dan daripada Perkhidmatan kami untuk menangani risiko sedemikian, termasuk untuk mengenal pasti corak penyalahgunaan dan memantau pelanggaran terma perkhidmatan. Stripe mungkin berkongsi Data Peribadi Wakil dengan Pengguna Perniagaan, Rakan Kongsi Kewangan, dan penyedia perkhidmatan pihak ketiga kami, termasuk penyedia penentusahan telefon, Ketahui Selanjutnya , untuk menentusahkan maklumat yang anda berikan dan mengenal pasti penunjuk risiko. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Kami juga menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Wakil untuk menjalankan usaha wajar, termasuk menjalankan pencegahan pengubahan wang haram dan penyaringan sekatan menurut undang-undang yang berkenaan. Pengiklanan . Apabila dibenarkan oleh undang-undang yang berkenaan, dan apabila dikehendaki dengan persetujuan anda, kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Wakil dengan pihak ketiga, termasuk Rakan Kongsi , agar kami boleh mengiklankan dan memasarkan Perkhidmatan dan integrasi Rakan Kongsi kami. Tertakluk pada undang-undang yang berkenaan, termasuk sebarang keperluan persetujuan, kami mungkin mengiklankan perkhidmatan melalui pengiklanan berasaskan minat dan menjejaki keberkesanan iklan sedemikian. Lihat Cookie Policy kami. Kami tidak memindahkan Data Peribadi anda kepada pihak ketiga sebagai pertukaran untuk pembayaran. Walau bagaimanapun, kami mungkin memberikan data anda kepada rakan kongsi pihak ketiga, seperti rakan kongsi pengiklanan, penyedia analisis, dan rangkaian sosial, yang membantu kami mengiklankan Perkhidmatan kami. Ketahui selanjutnya . Kami juga mungkin menggunakan Data Peribadi anda, termasuk aktiviti akaun Stripe anda, untuk menilai kelayakan anda terhadap Perkhidmatan Perniagaan dan menawarkannya kepada anda atau mempromosikan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan yang sedia ada. Ketahui selanjutnya . Selanjutnya . Untuk maklumat lanjut tentang cara tambahan yang memungkinkan kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Wakil, sila lihat bahagian Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi di bawah. 1.4 Pelawat Kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pelawat. Butiran lanjut tentang cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pelawat, bersama dengan asas perundangan yang menjadi pergantungan kami untuk memproses Data Peribadi sedemikian, boleh didapati di Pusat Privasi kami. a. Data Peribadi yang kami kumpulkan tentang Pelawat Apabila anda melayari Laman kami, kami menerima Data Peribadi anda, sama ada diberikan secara terus daripada anda atau dikumpulkan melalui penggunaan kuki dan teknologi yang serupa oleh kami. Sila lihat Cookie Policy kami untuk maklumat lanjut. Jika anda memilih untuk melengkapkan borang di Laman atau laman web pihak ketiga tempat iklan kami dipaparkan (seperti LinkedIn atau Facebook), kami mengumpulkan maklumat yang anda sertakan dalam borang tersebut. Maklumat ini mungkin merangkumi maklumat hubungan anda dan maklumat lain yang berkaitan dengan soalan anda mengenai Perkhidmatan kami. Kami juga boleh mengaitkan lokasi dengan lawatan anda. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Selanjutnya . Butiran lanjut tentang jenis Data Peribadi lain yang mungkin kami kumpulkan daripada Pelawat, termasuk aktiviti dalam talian anda, boleh didapati dalam bahagian Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi di bawah. b. Cara kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pelawat Pemperibadian . Kami menggunakan data yang kami kumpulkan mengenai anda menggunakan kuki dan teknologi yang serupa untuk mengukur keterlibatan dengan kandungan di Laman, menambah baik kaitan dan navigasi, menyesuaikan pengalaman anda (seperti keutamaan bahasa dan kandungan yang khusus mengikut rantau), dan menyusun khas kandungan tentang Stripe dan Perkhidmatan kami yang disesuaikan untuk anda. Contohnya, memandangkan bukan semua Perkhidmatan kami tersedia di seluruh dunia, kami mungkin menyesuaikan respons kami berdasarkan rantau anda. Pengiklanan . Apabila dibenarkan oleh undang-undang yang berkenaan, dan apabila dikehendaki dengan persetujuan anda, kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pelawat dengan pihak ketiga, termasuk Rakan Kongsi , agar kami boleh mengiklankan dan memasarkan Perkhidmatan dan integrasi Rakan Kongsi kami. Tertakluk pada undang-undang yang berkenaan, termasuk sebarang keperluan persetujuan, kami mungkin mengiklankan perkhidmatan melalui pengiklanan berasaskan minat dan menjejaki keberkesanan iklan sedemikian. Lihat Cookie Policy kami. Kami tidak memindahkan Data Peribadi anda kepada pihak ketiga sebagai pertukaran untuk pembayaran, tetapi kami mungkin memberikan data anda kepada rakan kongsi pihak ketiga, seperti rakan kongsi pengiklanan, penyedia analisis, dan rangkaian sosial, yang membantu kami mengiklankan Perkhidmatan kami. Ketahui selanjutnya . Keterlibatan . Semasa anda berinteraksi dengan Laman kami, kami menggunakan maklumat yang kami kumpulkan tentang dan melalui peranti anda untuk memberikan peluang bagi interaksi selanjutnya, seperti perbincangan tentang Perkhidmatan atau interaksi dengan chatbot, untuk menangani soalan anda. Selanjutnya . Untuk maklumat lanjut tentang cara tambahan yang memungkinkan kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pelawat, sila lihat bahagian Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi di bawah. 2. Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Selain cara yang diterangkan di atas, kami turut memproses Data Peribadi anda seperti yang berikut: a. Pengumpulan Data Peribadi Aktiviti Dalam Talian . Bergantung pada Perkhidmatan yang digunakan dan cara Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami dilaksanakan oleh Pengguna Perniagaan, kami mungkin mengumpulkan maklumat yang berkaitan dengan: Peranti dan pelayar yang anda gunakan di semua Laman kami serta laman web, aplikasi, dan perkhidmatan dalam talian pihak ketiga yang lain (“Laman Pihak Ketiga”). Data penggunaan yang dikaitkan dengan peranti dan pelayar tersebut serta keterlibatan anda dengan Perkhidmatan kami, termasuk elemen data seperti alamat IP, pemalam, keutamaan bahasa, masa yang dihabiskan di Laman dan Laman Pihak Ketiga, halaman yang dilawati, pautan yang diklik, kaedah pembayaran yang digunakan, dan halaman yang membawa anda ke Laman kami dan Laman Pihak Ketiga. Kami juga mengumpulkan penunjuk aktiviti, contohnya penunjuk aktiviti tetikus, untuk membantu kami mengesan penipuan. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Lihat juga Cookie Policy kami. Maklumat Komunikasi dan Keterlibatan . Kami juga mengumpulkan maklumat yang anda pilih untuk dikongsi dengan kami melalui pelbagai saluran, seperti tiket sokongan, e-mel, atau media sosial. Jika anda membalas e-mel atau menjawab kaji selidik daripada Stripe, kami mengumpulkan alamat e-mel, nama, serta apa-apa data lain yang anda pilih untuk disertakan dalam e-mel atau respons anda. Jika anda berinteraksi dengan kami melalui telefon, kami mengumpulkan nombor telefon anda dan sebarang maklumat lain yang mungkin anda berikan semasa panggilan tersebut. Panggilan dengan Stripe atau wakil Stripe mungkin dirakamkan. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Selain itu, kami mengumpulkan data keterlibatan anda, seperti pendaftaran, kehadiran, atau tontonan anda dalam acara Stripe dan sebarang interaksi lain dengan kakitangan Stripe. Forum dan Kumpulan Perbincangan . Jika Laman kami membenarkan penyiaran kandungan, kami mengumpulkan Data Peribadi yang anda berikan berhubung dengan siaran tersebut. b. Penggunaan Data Peribadi. Selain penggunaan Data Peribadi yang diterangkan di atas, kami menggunakan Data Peribadi dalam cara yang tersenarai di bawah: Menganalisis, Menambah Baik, dan Membangunkan Perkhidmatan kami . Kami mengumpulkan dan memproses Data Peribadi di seluruh Perkhidmatan kami yang pelbagai, sama ada anda Pengguna Akhir, Pelanggan Akhir, Wakil atau Pelawat, untuk menambah baik Perkhidmatan kami, membangunkan Perkhidmatan baharu, dan menyokong usaha kami untuk menjadikan Perkhidmatan kami lebih cekap, relevan, dan berguna untuk anda. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Kami mungkin menggunakan Data Peribadi untuk menjanakan maklumat agregat dan statistik untuk memahami dan menerangkan cara Perkhidmatan kami digunakan. Antara contoh cara kami menggunakan Data Peribadi untuk menganalisis, menambah baik, dan membangunkan produk dan perkhidmatan kami termasuklah: Menggunakan analisis di Laman kami, termasuk seperti yang diterangkan dalam Cookie Policy kami, untuk membantu kami memahami penggunaan Laman dan Perkhidmatan kami oleh anda serta mendiagnosis masalah teknikal. Melatih model kecerdasan buatan untuk mengupayakan Perkhidmatan kami dan memberikan perlindungan terhadap penipuan dan mudarat yang lain. Ketahui selanjutnya . Menganalisis dan membuat kesimpulan daripada Data Transaksi untuk mengurangkan kos, penipuan, dan pertikaian serta meningkatkan kadar pensahihan dan keizinan untuk Stripe dan Pengguna Perniagaan kami. Komunikasi . Kami menggunakan maklumat hubungan yang kami ada mengenai anda untuk menyampaikan Perkhidmatan kami, Ketahui Selanjutnya , yang mungkin melibatkan penghantaran kod melalui SMS untuk mendapatkan pensahihan anda. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Jika anda merupakan Pengguna Akhir, Wakil atau Pelawat, kami mungkin berkomunikasi dengan anda menggunakan maklumat hubungan yang kami ada mengenai anda untuk memberikan maklumat tentang Perkhidmatan kami dan perkhidmatan anggota gabungan kami, mempelawa anda untuk mengambil bahagian dalam acara, kaji selidik, atau penyelidikan pengguna kami, atau dengan cara lain berkomunikasi dengan anda bagi tujuan pemasaran, dengan mematuhi undang-undang yang berkenaan, termasuk apa-apa keperluan persetujuan atau pilih keluar. Contohnya, apabila anda memberikan maklumat hubungan anda kepada kami atau apabila kami mengumpulkan butiran hubungan perniagaan anda melalui penyertaan di pameran perdagangan atau acara lain, kami mungkin menggunakan data ini untuk membuat susulan dengan anda berkenaan dengan suatu acara, memberikan maklumat yang diminta mengenai Perkhidmatan kami, dan menyertakan anda dalam kempen maklumat pemasaran kami. Apabila dibenarkan oleh undang-undang yang berkenaan, kami mungkin merakamkan panggilan kami dengan anda untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan kami, mematuhi kewajipan undang-undang kami, melaksanakan penyelidikan dan jaminan kualiti, serta bagi tujuan latihan. Media Sosial dan Promosi . Jika anda memilih untuk menyerahkan Data Peribadi bagi melibatkan diri dalam suatu tawaran, program, atau promosi, kami menggunakan Data Peribadi yang anda berikan untuk mengurus tawaran, program, atau promosi tersebut. Kami juga menggunakan Data Peribadi yang anda berikan, bersama dengan Data Peribadi yang anda siarkan pada platform media sosial, bagi tujuan pemasaran, melainkan jika kami tidak dibenarkan untuk berbuat demikian. Pencegahan Penipuan dan Keselamatan . Kami mengumpulkan dan menggunakan Data Peribadi untuk membantu kami mengenal pasti dan mengurus aktiviti yang mungkin bersifat tipuan atau memudaratkan di seluruh Perkhidmatan kami, membolehkan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan berkaitan pengesanan penipuan kami, dan menjamin keselamatan Perkhidmatan dan transaksi kami daripada akses, penggunaan, pemindaan tanpa izin atau penyalahgunaan Data Peribadi, maklumat, dan dana. Sebagai sebahagian daripada pencegahan dan pengesanan penipuan, pemantauan keselamatan, dan usaha pematuhan untuk Stripe dan Pengguna Perniagaannya, kami mengumpulkan maklumat daripada sumber yang boleh didapati secara terbuka, pihak ketiga (seperti biro kredit) dan melalui Perkhidmatan yang kami tawarkan. Dalam sesetengah kes, kami mungkin juga mengumpulkan maklumat mengenai anda secara terus daripada anda, atau daripada Pengguna Perniagaan kami, Rakan Kongsi Kewangan, dan pihak ketiga yang lain bagi tujuan yang sama. Di samping itu, untuk melindungi Perkhidmatan kami, kami mungkin menerima butiran seperti alamat IP dan data pengenalpastian lain tentang kemungkinan ancaman keselamatan daripada pihak ketiga. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Maklumat sedemikian membantu kami menentusahkan identiti, menjalankan pemeriksaan kredit apabila dibenarkan oleh undang-undang, dan mencegah penipuan. Selain itu, kami mungkin menggunakan teknologi untuk menilai kemungkinan risiko penipuan yang dikaitkan dengan individu yang berusaha mendapatkan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami atau yang terhasil daripada percubaan transaksi oleh Pelanggan Akhir atau Pengguna Akhir dengan Pengguna Perniagaan atau Rakan Kongsi Kewangan kami. Pematuhan terhadap Kewajipan Undang-undang . Kami menggunakan Data Peribadi untuk memenuhi kewajipan kontrak dan undang-undang kami yang berkaitan dengan pencegahan pengubahan wang haram, undang-undang Kenali Pelanggan Anda (Know-Your-Customer, KYC), aktiviti pencegahan keganasan, perlindungan pelanggan yang mudah terjejas, kawalan eksport, dan larangan tentang melakukan urus niaga dengan orang terlarang atau dalam bidang perniagaan tertentu, antara kewajipan undang-undang yang lainnya. Contohnya, kami mungkin memantau corak transaksi dan isyarat dalam talian yang lain serta menggunakan wawasan tersebut untuk mengenal pasti penipuan, pengubahan wang haram, dan aktiviti memudaratkan yang lain yang boleh menjejaskan Stripe, Rakan Kongsi Kewangan kami, Pengguna Akhir, Pengguna Perniagaan dan pihak lain. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Keselamatan, keterjaminan, dan pematuhan Perkhidmatan kami merupakan keutamaan yang penting bagi kami, dan pengumpulan serta penggunaan Data Peribadi adalah amat penting kepada usaha ini. Individu Bawah Umur . Perkhidmatan kami tidak ditujukan kepada kanak-kanak yang berumur kurang daripada 13 tahun, dan kami meminta agar mereka tidak memberikan Data Peribadi untuk mendapatkan Perkhidmatan secara terus daripada Stripe. Dalam bidang kuasa tertentu, kami mungkin mengenakan had umur yang lebih tinggi sepertimana yang dikehendaki oleh undang-undang yang berkenaan. c. Perkongsian Data Peribadi. Selain perkongsian Data Peribadi yang diterangkan di atas, kami berkongsi Data Peribadi dalam cara yang tersenarai di bawah: Anggota Gabungan Stripe . Kami berkongsi Data Peribadi dengan entiti gabungan Stripe yang lain bagi tujuan yang dikenal pasti dalam Dasar ini. Penyedia Perkhidmatan atau Pemproses Data . Untuk menyediakan, mengkomunikasikan, memasarkan, menganalisis, dan mengiklankan Perkhidmatan kami, kami bergantung pada penyedia perkhidmatan. Penyedia ini menawarkan perkhidmatan yang amat penting seperti menyediakan infrastruktur awan, menjalankan analisis untuk penilaian kelajuan, ketepatan, dan/atau keselamatan Perkhidmatan kami, menentusahkan identiti, mengenal pasti aktiviti yang mungkin berbahaya, serta menyediakan khidmat pelanggan dan fungsi audit. Kami mengizinkan penyedia perkhidmatan ini menggunakan atau mendedahkan Data Peribadi yang kami jadikan tersedia kepada mereka untuk menjalankan perkhidmatan bagi pihak kami dan untuk mematuhi kewajipan undang-undang yang berkaitan. Kami menghendaki penyedia perkhidmatan ini memberikan komitmen secara kontrak terhadap kewajipan keselamatan dan kerahsiaan Data Peribadi yang diproses oleh mereka bagi pihak kami. Kebanyakan penyedia perkhidmatan kami berada di Kesatuan Eropah, Amerika Syarikat, dan India. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Rakan Kongsi Kewangan . Kami berkongsi Data Peribadi dengan Rakan Kongsi Kewangan tertentu untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan kepada Pengguna Perniagaan dan menawarkan Perkhidmatan tertentu bersama dengan Rakan Kongsi Kewangan ini. Sebagai contoh, kami mungkin berkongsi Data Peribadi tertentu, seperti volum pemprosesan pembayaran, data pembayaran balik pinjaman, dan maklumat hubungan Wakil, dengan pelabur dan pemberi pinjaman institusi yang membeli pinjaman belum terima atau menyediakan pembiayaan yang berkaitan dengan Stripe Capital. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Pihak Lain dengan Persetujuan . Dalam sesetengah situasi, kami mungkin tidak menawarkan perkhidmatan, tetapi sebaliknya merujukkan anda kepada pihak lain (seperti firma khidmat profesional yang bekerjasama dengan kami untuk menyampaikan Perkhidmatan Atlas). Dalam kes ini, kami akan mendedahkan identiti pihak ketiga tersebut dan maklumat yang akan dikongsi dengan mereka, serta meminta persetujuan anda untuk berkongsi maklumat tersebut. Transaksi Korporat . Sekiranya kami terlibat atau berhasrat untuk terlibat dalam transaksi yang mengubah suai struktur perniagaan kami, seperti pengorganisasian semula, penggabungan, penjualan, usaha sama, penyerahhakan, pemindahan, perubahan kawalan, atau pelupusan lain yang membabitkan semua atau sebahagian perniagaan, aset atau saham kami, kami mungkin berkongsi Data Peribadi dengan pihak ketiga berhubung dengan transaksi sedemikian. Mana-mana entiti lain yang membeli kami atau sebahagian perniagaan kami akan mempunyai hak untuk terus menggunakan Data Peribadi anda, tertakluk pada terma Dasar ini. Pematuhan dan Pencegahan Mudarat . Kami berkongsi Data Peribadi apabila kami percaya tindakan itu perlu untuk mematuhi undang-undang yang berkenaan; untuk mematuhi peraturan yang dikenakan oleh Rakan Kongsi Kewangan berhubung dengan penggunaan kaedah pembayaran mereka; untuk menguatkuasakan hak kontraktual kami; untuk menjamin dan melindungi Perkhidmatan, hak, privasi, keselamatan, dan harta benda Stripe, anda, dan pihak lain, termasuk terhadap aktiviti berniat jahat atau penipuan; dan untuk menjawab permintaan perundangan yang sah daripada mahkamah, agensi penguat kuasa undang-undang, agensi kawal selia, serta pihak berkuasa awam dan pihak berkuasa kerajaan yang lain, yang mungkin merangkumi pihak berkuasa di luar negara kediaman anda. 3. Asas perundangan untuk memproses Data Peribadi Bagi tujuan Peraturan Perlindungan Data Am (GDPR) dan undang-undang perlindungan data lain yang berkenaan, kami bergantung pada beberapa asas perundangan untuk memproses Data Peribadi anda. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Untuk sesetengah bidang kuasa, mungkin terdapat asas perundangan tambahan, yang digariskan dalam bahagian Peruntukan yang Khusus Mengikut Bidang Kuasa di bawah. a. Hubungan Perniagaan Kontraktual dan Prakontraktual . Kami memproses Data Peribadi untuk menjalin hubungan perniagaan dengan bakal Pengguna Perniagaan dan Pengguna Akhir serta memenuhi kewajipan kontrak kami masing-masing dengan mereka. Aktiviti pemprosesan ini merangkumi: Penciptaan dan pengurusan akaun Stripe dan bukti kelayakan akaun Stripe, termasuk penilaian permohonan untuk memulakan atau memperluas penggunaan Perkhidmatan kami; Penciptaan dan pengurusan akaun Stripe Checkout; Aktiviti perakaunan, pengauditan, dan pengebilan; dan Pemprosesan pembayaran dan aktiviti yang berkaitan, yang merangkumi pengesanan penipuan, pencegahan kerugian, pengoptimuman transaksi, komunikasi tentang pembayaran sedemikian, dan aktiviti khidmat pelanggan yang berkaitan. b. Pematuhan Undang-undang . Kami memproses Data Peribadi untuk menentusahkan identiti individu dan entiti demi mematuhi kewajipan yang berkaitan dengan pemantauan, pencegahan, dan pengesanan penipuan, undang-undang yang berkaitan dengan pengenalpastian dan pelaporan kegiatan yang menyalahi undang-undang dan haram, seperti kegiatan di bawah peraturan Pencegahan Pengubahan Wang Haram ("AML") dan Kenali Pelanggan Anda ("KYC"), serta kewajipan pelaporan kewangan. Sebagai contoh, kami mungkin dikehendaki merekodkan dan menentusahkan identiti Pengguna Perniagaan bagi mematuhi peraturan yang direka bentuk untuk mencegah pengubahan wang haram, penipuan, dan jenayah kewangan. Kewajipan undang-undang ini mungkin menghendaki kami melaporkan pematuhan kami kepada pihak ketiga, dan menjadikan diri kami tertakluk pada audit penentusahan pihak ketiga. c. Kepentingan yang Sah . Apabila dibenarkan di bawah undang-undang yang berkenaan, kami bergantung pada kepentingan perniagaan kami yang sah untuk memproses Data Peribadi anda. Senarai yang berikut memberikan contoh tujuan perniagaan yang baginya kami mempunyai kepentingan yang sah untuk memproses data anda: Pengesanan, pemantauan, dan pencegahan penipuan serta transaksi pembayaran tanpa izin; Pengurangan kerugian kewangan, tuntutan, liabiliti atau mudarat lain terhadap Pelanggan Akhir, Pengguna Akhir, Pengguna Perniagaan, Rakan Kongsi Kewangan, dan Stripe; Penentuan kelayakan dan tawaran Perkhidmatan Stripe yang baharu ( Ketahui Selanjutnya ); Respons kepada pertanyaan, penyampaian notis Perkhidmatan, dan penyediaan sokongan pelanggan; Promosi, analisis, pengubahsuaian, dan penambahbaikan Perkhidmatan, sistem, da | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://stripe.com/de-lu/privacy | Mit Stripe Sales chatten Privacy Policy Stripe logo Rechtsbereich Stripe Privacy Policy & Privacy Center Datenschutzerklärung Cookie-Richtlinie Datenschutz-Framework Dienstanbieterliste Datenverarbeitungsvereinbarung Supplier Data Processing Agreement Datenschutzcenter von Stripe Privacy Policy This Privacy Policy will be updated on January 16, 2026. Please review the upcoming changes here . Last updated: January 16, 2025 This Privacy Policy includes important information about your personal data and we encourage you to read it carefully. Welcome We provide financial infrastructure for the internet. Individuals and businesses of all sizes use our technology and services to facilitate purchases, accept payments, send payouts, and manage online businesses. This Privacy Policy (“Policy”) describes the Personal Data that we collect, how we use and share it, and details on how you can reach us with privacy-related inquiries. The Policy also outlines your rights and choices as a data subject, including the right to object to certain uses of your Personal Data. Depending on the activity, Stripe assumes the role of a “data controller” and/or “data processor” (or “service provider”). For more details about our privacy practices, including our role, the specific Stripe entity responsible under this Policy, and our legal bases for processing your Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . Defined Terms In this Policy, “Stripe”, “we”, “our,” or “us” refers to the Stripe entity responsible for the collection, use, and handling of Personal Data as described in this document. Depending on your jurisdiction, the specific Stripe entity accountable for your Personal Data might vary. Learn More . “Personal Data” refers to any information associated with an identified or identifiable individual, which can include data that you provide to us, and that we collect about you during your interaction with our Services (such as device information, IP address, etc.). “Services” refers to the products, services, devices, and applications, that we provide under the Stripe Services Agreement (“Business Services”) or the Stripe Consumer Terms of Service (“End User Services”); websites (“Sites”) like Stripe.com and Link.com; and other Stripe applications and online services. We provide Business Services to entities (“Business Users”). We provide End User Services directly to individuals for their personal use. “Financial Partners” are financial institutions, banks, and other partners such as payment method acquirers, payout providers, and card networks that we partner with to provide the Services. Depending on the context, “you” might be an End Customer, End User, Representative, or Visitor: End Users. When you use an End User Service, such as saving a payment method with Link, for personal use we refer to you as an “End User.” End Customers. When you are not directly transacting with Stripe, but we receive your Personal Data to provide Services to a Business User, including when you make a purchase from a Business User on a Stripe Checkout page or receive payments from a Business User, we refer to you as an “End Customer.” Representatives. When you are acting on behalf of an existing or potential Business User—perhaps as a company founder, account administrator for a Business User, or a recipient of an employee credit card from a Business User via Stripe Issuing—we refer to you as a “Representative.” Visitors. When you interact with Stripe by visiting a Site without being logged into a Stripe account, or when your interaction with Stripe does not involve you being an End User, End Customer, or Representative, we refer to you as a “Visitor.” For example, you are a Visitor when you send a message to Stripe asking for more information about our Services. In this Policy, “Transaction Data” refers to data collected and used by Stripe to facilitate transactions you request. Some Transaction Data is Personal Data and may include: your name, email address, contact number, billing and shipping address, payment method information (like credit or debit card number, bank account details, or payment card image chosen by you), merchant and location details, amount and date of purchase, and in some instances, information about what was purchased. 1. Personal Data that we collect and how we use and share it 2. More ways we collect, use and share Personal Data 3. Legal bases for processing data 4. Your rights and choices 5. Security and retention 6. International data transfers 7. Updates and notifications 8. Jurisdiction-specific provisions 9. Contact us 10. US Consumer Privacy Notice 1. Personal Data we collect and how we use and share it Our collection and use of Personal Data differs based on whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, and the specific Service that you are using. For example, if you're a sole proprietor who wants to use our Business Services, we may collect your Personal Data to onboard your business; at the same time, you might also be an End Customer if you've bought goods from another Business User that is using our Services for payment processing. You could also be an End User if you used our End User Service, such as Link, for those transactions. 1.1 End Users We provide End User Services when we provide the Services directly to you for your personal use (e.g., Link). Additional details regarding our collection, usage, and sharing of End User Personal Data, including the legal bases we rely on for processing such data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about End Users Using Link or Connecting your bank account . Stripe offers a service called "Link," which allows you to create an account and store information for future interactions with Stripe’s Services and Business Users. You may save a number of different kinds of Personal Data using Link. For instance, you may save your name, payment method details, contact information, and address to conveniently use saved information to pay for transactions across our Business Users. When you choose to pay with Link, we will also collect Transaction Data associated with your transactions. Learn More . You can also share and save bank account details to your Link account using Stripe’s Financial Connections product. When you use Financial Connections, Stripe will periodically collect and process your account information (such as bank account owner information, account balances, account number and details, account transactions, and, in some cases, log-in credentials). You can ask us to cease the collection of such data at any time. Learn More . You can also use your Link account to access services provided by Stripe’s partner businesses, such as Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) services or crypto wallet services. In these situations, we will collect and share additional Personal Data with partner businesses to facilitate your use of such services. You can save this information to your Link account to access similar services in the future. We may also receive certain information about you from partner businesses in connection with the services they provide. Learn More . Finally, you can use Link to store your identity documents (such as your driver’s license) so that you can share them in future interactions with Stripe or its Business Users. Paying Stripe . When you purchase goods or services directly from Stripe, we receive your Transaction Data. For instance, when you make a payment to Stripe Climate, we collect information about the transaction, as well as your contact and payment method details. Identity/Verification Services . We offer an identity verification service that automates the comparison of your identity document (such as a driver’s license) with your image (such as a selfie). You can separately consent to us using your biometric data to enhance our verification technology, with the option to revoke your consent at any time. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Users, including about your online activity and your engagement with our End User Services, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Users Services . We use and share your Personal Data to provide the End User Services to you, which includes support, personalization (such as language preferences and setting choices), and communication about our End User Services (such as communicating Policy updates and information about our Services). For example, Stripe may use cookies and similar technologies or the data you provide to our Business Users (such as when you input your email address on a Business User’s website) to recognize you and help you use Link when visiting our Business User’s website. Learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies in Stripe’s Cookie Policy . Our Business Users. When you use Link to make payments with our Business Users, we share your Personal Data, including name, contact information, payment method details, and Transaction Data with those Business Users. Learn More . You can also direct Stripe to share your saved bank account information and identity documents with Business Users you do business with. Once we share your Personal Data with Business Users, we may process that Personal Data as a Data Processor for those Business Users, as detailed in Section 1.2 of this Policy. You should consult the privacy policies of the Business Users’ you do business with for information on how they use the information shared with them. Fraud Detection and Loss Prevention . We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect fraud and prevent financial losses for you, us, and our Business Users and Financial Partners, including detecting unauthorized purchases. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those that use our fraud prevention-related Business Services (such as Stripe Radar), with Personal Data about you (including your attempted transactions) so that they can assess the fraud or loss risk associated with the transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, we may use your Personal Data, including Transaction Data, to assess your eligibility for, and offer you, other End User Services or promote existing End User Services, including through co-marketing with partners such as Stripe Business Users. Learn more . Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we use and share End User Personal Data with third party partners to allow us to advertise our End User Services to you, including through interest-based advertising, and to track the efficacy of such ads. We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third-party partners, such as advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services to you. Learn more . More . For further information about ways we may use and share End Users' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.2 End Customers Stripe provides various Business Services to our Business Users, which include processing in-person or online payments or payouts for those Business Users. When acting as a service provider—also referred to as a Data Processor—for a Business User, we process End Customer Personal Data in accordance with our agreement with the Business User and the Business User's lawful instructions. This happens, for example, when we process a payment for a Business User because you purchased a product from them, or when the Business User asks us to send you funds. Business Users are responsible for ensuring that the privacy rights of their End Customers are respected, including obtaining appropriate consents and making disclosures about their own data collection and use associated with their products and services. If you're an End Customer, please refer to the privacy policy of the Business User you're doing business with for its privacy practices, choices, and controls. We provide more comprehensive information about our collection, use, and sharing of End Customer Personal Data in our Privacy Center , including the legal bases we rely on for processing your Personal Data. a. Personal Data we collect about End Customers Transaction Data . If you're an End Customer making payments to, receiving refunds or payments from, initiating a purchase or donation, or otherwise transacting with our Business User, whether in-person or online, we receive your Transaction Data. We may also receive your transaction history with the Business User. Learn More . Additionally, we may collect information entered into a checkout form even if you opt not to complete the form or transaction with the Business User. Learn More . A Business User who uses Stripe’s Terminal Service to provide its goods or services to End Customers may use the Terminal Service to collect End Customer Personal Data (like your name, email, phone number, address, signature, or age) in accordance with its own privacy policy. Identity/Verification Information . Stripe provides a verification and fraud prevention Service that our Business Users can use to verify Personal Data about you, such as your authorization to use a particular payment method. During the process, you’d be asked to share with us certain Personal Data (like your government ID and selfie for biometric verification, Personal Data you input, or Personal Data that is apparent from the physical payment method like a credit card image). To protect against fraud and determine if somebody is trying to impersonate you, we may cross-verify this data with information about you that we've collected from Business Users, Financial Partners, business affiliates, identity verification services, publicly available sources, and other third party service providers and sources. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Customers, including about your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Customers To provide our Business Services to our Business Users, we use and share End Customers' Personal Data with them. Where allowed, we also use End Customers' Personal Data for Stripe’s own purposes such as enhancing security, improving and offering our Business Services, and preventing fraud, loss, and other damages, as described further below. Payment processing and accounting . We use your Transaction Data to deliver Payment-related Business Services to Business Users — including online payment transactions processing, sales tax calculation, and invoice, bill, and dispute handling — and to help them determine their revenue, settle their bills, and execute accounting tasks. Learn More . We may also use your Personal Data to provide and improve our Business Services. During payment transactions, your Personal Data is shared with various entities in connection with your transaction. As a service provider or data processor, we share Personal Data to enable transactions as directed by Business Users. For instance, when you choose a payment method for your transaction, we may share your Transaction Data with your bank or other payment method provider, including as necessary to authenticate you, Learn More , process your transaction, prevent fraud, and handle disputes. The Business User you choose to do business with also receives Transaction Data and might share the data with others. Please review your merchant’s, bank’s, and payment method provider’s privacy policies for more information about how they use and share your Personal Data. Financial services . Certain Business Users leverage our Services to offer financial services to you via Stripe or our Financial Partners. For example, a Business User may issue a card product with which you can purchase goods and services. Such cards could carry the brand of Stripe, the bank partner, and/or the Business User. In addition to any Transaction Data we may generate or receive when these cards are used for purchases, we also collect and use your Personal Data to provide and manage these products, including assisting our Business Users in preventing misuse of the cards. Please review the privacy policies of the Business User and, if applicable, our bank partners associated with the financial service (the brands of which may be shown on the card) for more information. Identity/Verification services . We use Personal Data about your identity to perform verification services for Stripe or for the Business Users that you are transacting with, to prevent fraud, and to enhance security. For these purposes we may use Personal Data you provide directly or Personal Data we obtain from our service providers, including for phone verification. Learn More . If you provide a selfie along with an image of your identity document, we may employ biometric technology to compare and calculate whether they match and verify your identity. Learn More . Fraud detection and loss prevention. We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect and prevent losses for you, us, our Business Users, and Financial Partners. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those using our fraud prevention-related Business Services, with your Personal Data (including your attempted transactions) to help them assess the fraud or loss risk associated with a transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Our Business Users (and their authorized third parties). We share End Customers' Personal Data with their respective Business Users and parties directly authorized by those Business Users to receive such data. Here are common examples of such sharing: When a Business User instructs Stripe to provide another Business User with access to its Stripe account, including data related to its End Customers, via Stripe Connect. Sharing information that you have provided to us with a Business User so that we can send payments to you on behalf of that Business User. Sharing information, documents, or images provided by an End Customer with a Business User when the latter uses Stripe Identity, our identity verification Service, to verify the identity of the End Customer. The Business Users you choose to do business with may further share your Personal Data with third parties (like additional third party service providers other than Stripe). Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information. Advertising by Business Users . If you initiate a purchasing process with a Business User, the Business User receives your Personal Data from us in connection with our provision of Services even if you don't finish your purchase. The Business User may use your Personal Data to market and advertise their products or services, subject to the terms of their privacy policy. Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information, including your rights to stop their use of your Personal Data for marketing purposes. More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share End Customers' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.3 Representatives We collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives of Business Users (for example, business owners) to provide our Business Services. For more information about how we collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives, as well as the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Representatives Registration and contact information . When you register for a Stripe account for a Business User (including incorporation of a Business), we collect your name and login credentials. If you register for or attend an event organized by Stripe or sign up to receive Stripe communications, we collect your registration and profile data. As a Representative, we may collect your Personal Data from third parties, including data providers, to advertise, market, and communicate with you as detailed further in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. We may also link a location with you to tailor the Services or information effectively to your needs. Learn More . Identification Information . As a current or potential Business User, an owner of a Business User, or a shareholder, officer, or director of a Business User, we need your contact details, such as name, postal address, telephone number, and email address, to fulfill our Financial Partner and regulatory requirements, verify your identity, and prevent fraudulent activities and harm to the Stripe platform. We collect your Personal Data, such as ownership interest in the Business User, date of birth, government-issued identity documents, and associated identifiers, as well as any history of fraud or misuse, directly from you and/or from publicly available sources, third parties such as credit bureaus and via the Services we provide. Learn More . You may also choose to provide us with bank account information. More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about Representatives, including your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Representatives We typically use the Personal Data of Representatives to provide the Business Services to the corresponding Business Users. The ways we use and share this data are further described below. Business Services . We use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with Business Users to provide the Services requested by you or the Business User you represent. In some instances, we may have to submit your Personal Data to a government entity to provide our Business Services, for purposes such as the incorporation of a business, or calculating and paying applicable sales tax. For our tax-related Business Services, we may use your Personal Data to prepare tax documents and file taxes on behalf of the Business User you represent. For our Atlas business incorporation Services, we may use your Personal Data to submit forms to the IRS on your behalf and file documents with other government authorities, such as articles of incorporation in your state of incorporation. We share Representatives’ Personal Data with parties authorized by the corresponding Business User, such as Financial Partners servicing a financial product, or third party apps or services the Business User chooses to use alongside our Business Services. Here are common examples of such sharing: Payment method providers, like Visa or WeChat Pay, require information about Business Users and their Representatives who accept their payment methods. This information is typically required during the onboarding process or for processing transactions and handling disputes for these Business Users. Learn More . A Business User may authorize Stripe to share your Personal Data with other Business Users to facilitate the provision of Services through Stripe Connect. The use of Personal Data by a third party authorized by a Business User is subject to the third party’s privacy policy. If you are a Business User who has chosen a name that includes Personal Data (for example, a sole proprietorship or family name in a company name), we will use and share such information for the provision of our Services in the same way we do with any company name. This may include, for example, displaying it on receipts and other transaction-identifying descriptions. Fraud detection and loss prevention . We use Representatives’ Personal Data to identify and manage risks that our Business Services might be used for fraudulent activities causing losses to Stripe, End Users, End Customers, Business Users, Financial Partners, and others. We also use information about you obtained from publicly available sources, third parties like credit bureaus and from our Services to address such risks, including to identify patterns of misuse and monitor for terms of service violations. Stripe may share Representatives' Personal Data with Business Users, our Financial Partners, and third party service providers, including phone verification providers, Learn More , to verify the information provided by you and identify risk indicators. Learn More . We also use and share Representatives' Personal Data to conduct due diligence, including conducting anti-money laundering and sanctions screening in accordance with applicable law. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment. However, we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . We may also use your Personal Data, including your Stripe account activity, to evaluate your eligibility for and offer you Business Services or promote existing Business Services. Learn more . More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share Representatives’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.4 Visitors We collect, use, and share the Personal Data of Visitors. More details about how we collect, use, and share Visitors’ Personal Data, along with the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Visitors When you browse our Sites, we receive your Personal Data, either provided directly by you or collected through our use of cookies and similar technologies. See our Cookie Policy for more information. If you opt to complete a form on the Site or third party websites where our advertisements are displayed (like LinkedIn or Facebook), we collect the information you included in the form. This may include your contact information and other information pertaining to your questions about our Services. We may also associate a location with your visit. Learn More . More . Further details about other types of Personal Data that we may collect from Visitors, including your online activity, can be found in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Visitors Personalization . We use the data we collect about you using cookies and similar technologies to measure engagement with the content on the Sites, improve relevancy and navigation, customize your experience (such as language preference and region-specific content), and curate content about Stripe and our Services that's tailored to you. For instance, as not all of our Services are available globally, we may customize our responses based on your region. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Visitors’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . Engagement . As you interact with our Sites, we use the information we collect about and through your devices to provide opportunities for further interactions, such as discussions about Services or interactions with chatbots, to address your questions. More . For more information about additional ways we may use and share Visitors’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 2. More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data In addition to the ways described above, we also process your Personal Data as follows: a. Collection of Personal Data Online Activity . Depending on the Service used and how our Business Services are implemented by the Business Users, we may collect information related to: The devices and browsers you use across our Sites and third party websites, apps, and other online services (“Third Party Sites”). Usage data associated with those devices and browsers and your engagement with our Services, including data elements like IP address, plug-ins, language preference, time spent on Sites and Third Party Sites, pages visited, links clicked, payment methods used, and the pages that led you to our Sites and Third Party Sites. We also collect activity indicators, such as mouse activity indicators, to help us detect fraud. Learn More . See also our Cookie Policy . Communication and Engagement Information . We also collect information you choose to share with us through various channels, such as support tickets, emails, or social media. If you respond to emails or surveys from Stripe, we collect your email address, name, and any other data you opt to include in your email or responses. If you engage with us over the phone, we collect your phone number and any other information you might provide during the call. Calls with Stripe or Stripe representatives may be recorded. Learn More . Additionally, we collect your engagement data, like your registration for, attendance at, or viewing of Stripe events and any other interactions with Stripe personnel. Forums and Discussion Groups . If our Sites allow posting of content, we collect Personal Data that you provide in connection with the post. b. Use of Personal Data. Besides the use of Personal Data described above, we use Personal Data in the ways listed below: Analyzing, Improving, and Developing our Services . We collect and process Personal Data throughout our various Services, whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, to improve our Services, develop new Services, and support our efforts to make our Services more efficient, relevant, and useful to you. Learn More . We may use Personal Data to generate aggregate and statistical information to understand and explain how our Services are used. Examples of how we use Personal Data to analyze, improve, and develop our products and services include: Using analytics on our Sites, including as described in our Cookie Policy, to help us understand your use of our Sites and Services and diagnose technical issues. Training artificial intelligence models to power our Services and protect against fraud and other harm. Learn more . Analyzing and drawing inferences from Transaction Data to reduce costs, fraud, and disputes and increase authentication and authorization rates for Stripe and our Business Users. Communications . We use the contact information we have about you to deliver our Services, Learn More , which may involve sending codes via SMS for your authentication. Learn More . If you are an End User, Representative, or Visitor, we may communicate with you using the contact information we have about you to provide information about our Services and our affiliates’ services, invite you to participate in our events, surveys, or user research, or otherwise communicate with you for marketing purposes, in compliance with applicable law, including any consent or opt-out requirements. For example, when you provide your contact information to us or when we collect your business contact details through participation at trade shows or other events, we may use this data to follow up with you regarding an event, provide information requested about our Services, and include you in our marketing information campaigns. Where permitted under applicable law, we may record our calls with you to provide our Services, comply with our legal obligations, perform research and quality assurance, and for training purposes. Social Media and Promotions . If you opt to submit Personal Data to engage in an offer, program, or promotion, we use the Personal Data you provide to manage the offer, program, or promotion. We also use the Personal Data you provide, along with the Personal Data you make available on social media platforms, for marketing purposes, unless we are not permitted to do so. Fraud Prevention and Security . We collect and use Personal Data to help us identify and manage activities that could be fraudulent or harmful across our Services, enable our fraud detection Business Services, and secure our Services and transactions against unauthorized access, use, alteration or misappropriation of Personal Data, information, and funds. As part of the fraud prevention, detection, security monitoring, and compliance efforts for Stripe and its Business Users, we collect information from publicly available sources, third parties (such as credit bureaus), and via the Services we offer. In some instances, we may also collect information about you directly from you, or from our Business Users, Financial Partners, and other third parties for the same purposes. Furthermore, to protect our Services, we may receive details such as IP addresses and other identifying data about potential security threats from third parties. Learn More . Such information helps us verify identities, conduct credit checks where lawfully permitted, and prevent fraud. Additionally, we might use technology to evaluate the potential risk of fraud associated with individuals seeking to procure our Business Services or arising from attempted transactions by an End Customer or End User with our Business Users or Financial Partners. Compliance with Legal Obligations . We use Personal Data to meet our contractual and legal obligations related to anti-money laundering, Know-Your-Customer ("KYC") laws, anti-terrorism activities, safeguarding vulnerable customers, export control, and prohibition of doing business with restricted persons or in certain business fields, among other legal obligations. For example, we may monitor transaction patterns and other online signals and use those insights to identify fraud, money laundering, and other harmful activity that could affect Stripe, our Financial Partners, End Users, Business Users and others. Learn More . Safety, security, and compliance for our Services are key priorities for us, and collecting and using Personal Data is crucial to this effort. Minors . Our Services are not directed to children under the age of 13, and we request that they do not provide Personal Data to seek Services directly from Stripe. In certain jurisdictions, we may impose higher age limits as required by applicable law. c. Sharing of Personal Data. Besides the sharing of Personal Data described above, we share Personal Data in the ways listed below: Stripe Affiliates . We share Personal Data with other Stripe-affiliated entities for purposes identified in this Policy. Service Providers or Processors . In order to provide, communicate, market, analyze, and advertise our Services, we depend on service providers. These providers offer critical services such as providing cloud infrastructure, conducting analytics for the assessment of the speed, accuracy, and/or security of our Services, verifying identities, identifying potentially harmful activity, and providing customer service and audit functions. We authorize these service providers to use or disclose the Personal Data we make available to them to perform services on our behalf and to comply with relevant legal obligations. We require these service providers to contractually commit to security and confidentiality obligations for the Personal Data they process on our behalf. The majority of our service providers are based in the European Union, the United States of America, and India. Learn More . Financial Partners . We share Personal Data with certain Financial Partners to provide Services to Business Users and offer certain Services in conjunction with these Financial Partners. For instance, we may share certain Personal Data, such as payment processing volume, loan repayment data, and Representative contact information, with institutional investors and lenders who purchase loan receivables or provide financing related to Stripe Capital. Learn More . Others with Consent . In some situations, we may not offer a service, but instead refer you to others (like professional service firms that we partner with to deliver the Atlas Service). In these instances, we will disclose the identity of the third party and the information to be shared with them, and seek your consent to share the information. Corporate Transactions . If we enter or intend to enter a transaction that modifies the structure of our business, such as a reorganization, merger, sale, joint venture, assignment, transfer, change of control, or other disposition of all or part of our business, assets, or stock, we may share Personal Data with third parties in connection with such transaction. Any other entity that buys us or part of our business will have the right to continue to use your Personal Data, subject to the terms of this Policy. Compliance and Harm Prevention . We share Personal Data when we believe it is necessary to comply with applicable law; to abide by rules imposed by Financial Partners in connection with the use of their payment method; to enforce our contractual rights; to secure and protect the Services, rights, privacy, safety, and property of Stripe, you, and others, including against malicious or fraudulent activity; and to respond to valid legal requests from courts, law enforcement agencies, regulatory agencies, and other public and government authorities, which may include authorities outside your country of residence. 3. Legal bases for processing Personal Data For purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other applicable data protection laws, we rely on a number of legal bases to process your Personal Data. Learn More . For some jurisdictions, there may be additional legal bases, which are outlined in the Jurisdiction-Specific Provisions section below. a. Contractual and Pre-Contractual Business Relationships . We process Personal Data to enter into business relationships with prospective Business Users and End Users and fulfill our respective contractual obligations with them. These processing activities include: Creation and management of Stripe accounts and Stripe account credentials, including the assessment of applications to initiate or expand the use of our Services; Creation and management of Stripe Checkout accounts; Accounting, auditing, and billing activities; and Processing of payments and related activities, which include fraud detection, loss prevention, transaction optimization, communications about such payments, and related customer service activities. b. Legal Compliance . We process Personal Data to verify the identities of individuals and entities to comply with obligations related to fraud monitoring, prevention, and detection, laws associated with identifying and reporting illicit and illegal activities, such as those under the Anti-Money Laundering ("AML") and Know-Your-Customer (“KYC") regulations, and financial reporting obligations. For example, we may be required to record and verify a Business User’s identity to comply with regulations designed to prevent money laundering, fraud, and financial crimes. These legal obligations may require us to report our compliance to third parties and subject ourselves to third party verification audits. c. Legitimate Interests . Where permitted under applicable law, we rely on our legitimate business interests to process your Personal Data. The following list provides an example of the business purposes for which we have a legitimate interest in processing your data: Detection, monitoring, and prevention of fraud and unauthorized payment transactions; Mitigation of financial loss, claims, liabilities or other harm to End Customers, End Users, Business Users, Financial Partners, and Stripe; Determination of eligibility for and offering new Stripe Services ( Learn More ); Response to inquiries, delivery of Service notices, and provision of customer support; Promotion, analysis, modification, and improvement of our Services, systems, and tools, as well as the development of new products and services, including enhancing the reliability of the Services; Management, operation, and improvement of the performance of our Sites and Services, through understanding their effectiveness and optimizing our digital assets; Analysis and advertisement of our Services, and related improvements; Aggregate analysis and development of business intelligence that enable us to operate, protect, make informed decisions about, and report on the performance of our business; Sharing of Personal Data with third party service providers that offer services on our behalf and business partners that help us in operating and improving our business ( Learn More) ; Enabling network and information security throughout Stripe and our Services; and Sharing of Personal Data among our affiliates. d. Consent . We may rely on consent or explicit consent to collect and process Personal Data regarding our interactions with you and the provision of our Services such as Link, Financial Connections, Atlas, and Identity. When we process your Personal Data based on your consent, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time, and such a withdrawal will not impact the legality of processing performed based on the consent prior to its withdrawal. e. Substantial Public Interest . We may process special categories of Personal Data, as defined by the GDPR, when such processing is necessary for reasons of substantial public interest and consistent with applicable law, such as when we conduct politically-exposed person checks. We may also process Personal Data related to criminal convictions and offenses when such processing is authorized by applicable law, such as when we conduct sanctions screening to comply with AML and KYC obligations. f. Other valid legal bases . We may process Personal Data further to other valid legal bases as recognized under applicable law in specific jurisdictions. See the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section below for more information. 4. Your rights and choices Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have choices regarding our collection, use, and disclosure of your Personal Data: a. Opting out of receiving electronic communications from us If you wish to stop receiving marketing-related emails from us, you can opt-out by clicking the unsubscribe link included in such emails or as described here . We'll try to process your request(s) as quickly as reasonably practicable. However, it's important to note that even if you opt out of receiving marketing-related emails from us, we retain the right to communicate with you about the Services you receive (like support and important legal notices) and our Business Users might still send you messages or instruct us to send you messages on their behalf. b. Your data protection rights Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have the following rights regarding the Personal Data we process about you as a data controller: The right to request confirmation of whether Stripe is processing Personal Data associated with you, the categories of personal data it has processed, and the third parties or categories of third parties with which your Personal Data is shared; The right to request access to the Personal Data Stripe processes about you ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe rectify or update your Personal Data if it's inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated; The right to request that Stripe erase your Personal Data in certain circumstances as provided by law ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe restrict the use of your Personal Data in certain circumstances, such as while Stripe is considering another request you've submitted (for instance, a request that Stripe update your Personal Data); The right to request that we export the Personal Data we hold about you to another company, provided it's technically feasible; The right to withdraw your consent if your Personal Data is being processed based on your previous consent; The right to object to the processing of your Personal Data if we are processing your data based on our legitimate interests; unless there are compelling legitimate grounds or the processing is necessary for legal reasons, we will cease processing your Personal Data upon receiving your objection ( Learn More ); The right not to be discriminated against for exercising these rights; and The right to appeal any decision by Stripe relating to your rights by contacting Stripe’s Data Protection Officer (“DPO”) at dpo@stripe.com , and/or relevant regulatory agencies. You may have additional rights, depending on applicable law, over your Personal Data. For example, see the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section under United States below. c. Process for exercising your data protection rights To exercise your data protection rights related to Personal Data we process as a data controller, visit our Privacy Center or contact us as outlined below. For Personal Data we process as a data processor, please reach out to the relevant data controller (Business User) to exercise your rights. If you contact us regarding your Personal Data we process as a data processor, we will refer you to the relevant data controller to the extent we are able to identify them. 5. Security and Retention We make reasonable efforts to provide a level of security appropriate to the risk associated with the processing of your Personal Data. We maintain organizational, technical, and administrative measures designed to protect the Personal Data covered by this Policy from unauthorized access, destruction, loss, alteration, or misuse. Learn More . Unfortunately, no data transmission or storage system can be guaranteed to be 100% secure. We encourage you to assist us in protecting your Personal Data. If you hold a Stripe account, you can do so by using a strong password, safeguarding your password against unauthorized use, and avoiding using identical login credentials you use for other services or accounts for your Stripe account. If you suspect that your interaction with us is no longer secure (for instance, you believe that your Stripe account's security has been compromised), please contact us immediately. We retain your Personal Data for as long as we continue to provide the Services to you or our Business Users, or for a period in which we reasonably foresee continuing to provide the Services. Even after we stop providing Services directly to you or to a Business User that you're doing business with, and even after you close your Stripe account or complete a transaction with a Business User, we may continue to retain your Personal Data to: Comply with our legal and regulatory obligations; Enable fraud monitoring, detection, and prevention activities; and Comply with our tax, accounting, and financial reporting obligations, including when such retention is required by our contractual agreements with our Financial Partners (and where data retention is mandated by the payment methods you've used). In cases where we keep your Personal Data, we do so in accordance with any limitation periods and record retention obligations imposed by applicable law. Learn More . 6. International Data Transfers As a global business, it's sometimes necessary for us to transfer your Personal Data to countries other than your own, including the United States. These countries might have data protection regulations that are different from those in your country. When transferring data across borders, we take measures to comply with applicable data protection laws related to such transfer. In certain situations, we may be required to disclose Personal Data in response to lawful requests from officials, such as law enforcement or security authorities. Learn More . If you are located in the European Economic Area (“EEA”), the United Kingdom ("UK"), or Switzerland, please refer to our Privacy Center for additional details. When a data transfer mechanism is mandated by applicable law, we employ one or more of the following: Transfers to certain countries or recipients that are recognized as having an adequate level of protection for Personal Data under applicable law. EU Standard Contractual Cl | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://www.git-tower.com/blog/git-cheat-sheet | Git Cheat Sheet | Tower Blog You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience. Tower Navigation Features Undo Anything Just press Cmd+Z Drag and Drop Make the complex effortless Integrations Use your favorite tools Tower Workflows Branching Configurations Stacked Pull Requests Supercharged workflows All Features Release Notes Pricing Support Documentation Contact Us Account Login Learn Git Video Course 24 episodes Online Book From novice to master Cheat Sheets For quick lookup Webinar Learn from a Git professional First Aid Kit Recover from mistakes Advanced Git Kit Dive deeper Blog Download Download < Back to Blog Git Cheat Sheet Tobias Günther September 2020 | 1 min read Share: Our popular Git cheat sheet presents the most important commands and workflows at a glance. Download it for free. There are too many Git commands (with too many options and parameters) to know them all by heart. And even with a strong desktop GUI like Tower to support you, there might still be times when you have to work with Git on the Command Line. That's why we've created a helpful Cheat Sheet for Git - free for you to download! It contains the most important commands and workflows on the front and offers some helpful "Version Control Best Practices" on the back. Available in English | Deutsch | Español | Português | العربية | Chinese . Available in Light and Dark versions! Download the Cheat Sheet Get 16 of our most popular Cheat Sheets in one handy ZIP! Download Now for Free We hope you find this cheat sheet helpful… …but if you're tired of Googling commands, we invite you to try Tower, our Git client, available for both Mac and Windows! Try Tower Now Download the Cheat Sheet Get 16 of our most popular Cheat Sheets in one handy ZIP! Download Now for Free Related Posts Tower 15 for Mac — Automatic Branch Management Tower 15 for Mac introduces Automatic Branch Management and better branch visualization to help you declutter your repository! Diff Tools on macOS A diff tool comes in handy to understand the changes that move the project forward. It makes changes visible and helps you understand them. Here is an overview of the best diff tools on the Mac. We make Tower, the best Git client for Mac and Windows. We help over 100,000 users in companies like Apple, Google, Amazon, Twitter, and Ebay to easily & productively work with the Git version control system. Try it 30 days for free Your Download is in Progress… Giveaways. Cheat Sheets. eBooks. Discounts. And great content from our blog! Yes, I want the free newsletter that's loved by over 100,000 developers and designers. It's free, it's sent infrequently (approx. once a month) and you can unsubscribe any time. I have read and accept the Privacy Policy . I understand that I can unsubscribe at any time. Your trial is downloading… Try Tower "Pro" for 30 days without limitations! Tower Close Updates, Courses & Content via Email Updates about Tower, discounts, and giveaways as well as new content from the Tower blog. Free email course " Learn Git with Tower " (8 emails) Free email course " Tips & Tricks for Tower " (10 emails) I have read and accept the Privacy Policy . I understand that I can unsubscribe at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in any email. Updates about Tower, discounts, and giveaways as well as new content from the Tower blog. Free email course " Learn Git with Tower " (8 emails) Free email course " Tips & Tricks for Tower" (10 emails) I have read and accept the Privacy Policy . I understand that I can unsubscribe at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in any email. Thank you for subscribing Please check your email to confirm Close Want to win one of our awesome Tower shirts? Tell your friends about Tower! Share on Twitter We'll pick 4 winners every month who share this tweet! Follow @gittower to be notified if you win! Try Tower for Free Sign up below and use Tower "Pro" for 30 days without limitations! Close Yes, send me instructions on how to get started with Tower. Yes, I want to hear about new Tower updates, discounts and giveaways as well as new content from the Tower blog. I have read and accept the Privacy Policy . I understand that I can unsubscribe at any time. Imprint / Legal Notice Privacy Policy Privacy Settings © 2011-2026 Tower — Mentioned product names and logos are property of their respective owners. | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://dev.to/aws-builders/the-aws-lambda-setting-i-wish-id-changed-earlier-45i0 | The AWS Lambda Setting I Wish I’d Changed Earlier - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mursal Furqan Kumbhar for AWS Community Builders Posted on Dec 30, 2025 The AWS Lambda Setting I Wish I’d Changed Earlier # aws # cloud # beginners # programming I've been using AWS Lambda for quite a few years, and like many people, I left the architecture on its default settings, i.e. x86 (Without thinking 2x) . It worked really well, it scaled as needed, but the truth unfolded when invoices showed up. End of Story. Fine Della Storia . Upon closer examination of the situation, I paid more attention to the execution time & cost , and then I thought to experiment with Arm64 , i.e. AWS Graviton . And the rare cloud optimisations that actually delivered, followed. 🎇 A VISIBLE WIN 🎇 . . . Now the main Question What led me to try Arm64 ? The answer's as simple as it gets: A few Lambda handling API Requests & Background jobs were being called 1,000,000s of times per month and frankly, each one looked quite cheap, individually. But when bunched together, they burned a steamy hole in my pocket every month. Now being a lazy_developer who uses snake cases while programming, I said NO to refactoring the logic or the code. I just wanted a clean performance win. And that's when... Arm64 looked like a low-risk bet to me. Time taken towards the CHANGE!!! Now, when I say I moved from x86 to Arm64, the first thing to pop in your head would be, "Nah! It's gonna take forever to change." Right? WRONG. I changed the lambda architecture from x86 to Arm64, redeployed and tested it within a matter of hours (And that's because I chose NOT to read the documentation first 🥲. It could have been sooner). That was it. No code was changed, no dependencies were broken, and no surprises. This alone was... unexpected. What were my ACTUAL Observations The moment I started moving only a few Lambdas functions to Arm64, the execution time dropped noticeably, especially for CPU-based logic. And guess what... the Cold Start felt snappier on lightweight Node.js & Python functions. In the end, the monthly lambda cost dip without touching memory allocation felt like a cherry on top. So, nothing dramatic for every invocation, but at scale, the difference was truly impossible to ignore. Reality Check: The Cost Lambda billing isn't rocket science. It's simple maths: Execution time * Memory * Invocations Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If your function runs just 20-30 milliseconds faster, and it is executed millions of times, that tiny change in the execution speed turns into a new Apple Watch (Yes, no kidneys needed 😜). This was the moment Arm64 stopped feeling like an optimisation experiment & started feeling like a worthy replacement to x86 as default choice Why did Arm64 work the best for ME? In my small but meaningful experience, Arm64 shone brighter than star Sirius , when I used it for API Gateway-backed Lambdas, Event Driven pipelines, background jobs, schedulers, data processing & automation or even for lightweight ML inference. In short, I opted for Arm64, where I used modern serverless workloads with updated runtimes. Where I would never use Arm64? It's not like I am completely against x86 now. I still used it in my project for some scenarios. For example: I kept x86 for older functions with legacy native binaries Or for rare dependencies that weren't Arm-ready, yet Or for the code, that I didn't want to touch, being that close to the deadline. (Programmers, IYKYK). For those who don't, we don't want the project go What changes in the future? In the future, if I am starting a new serverless project (Or today, who knows): I will definitely go for Arm64, by default I am gonna only move back to x86, only & only, if something explicitly breaks (Or my client doesn't love their 💵) Will benchmark early, instead of assuming Conclusion Arm64 on AWS Lambda isn't a future feature, it's just a teeny tiny and quiet upgrade that's already paying off its cost in real-life systems. It's not theoretical. IT's PRACTICAL. Well, if you care about factors such as performance, cost & efficiency and you're running modern hsuper heavy serverless workloads, listen to me (Or read this carefully): TRY IT ONCE. 9/10 Chances? Like me, you won't turn back 😉. Once again, this was my personal experience. Buon Anno HappyCoding Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse AWS Community Builders Follow Build On! Would you like to become an AWS Community Builder? Learn more about the program and apply to join when applications are open next. 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https://dev.to/thukhakyawe_cloud | Thu Kha Kyawe - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions Thu Kha Kyawe Certified in AWS, HashiCorp, and GitHub, I bring both strategic vision and technical expertise to design solutions that support business growth, optimize costs, and enhance operational efficiency. Joined Joined on Nov 7, 2025 More info about @thukhakyawe_cloud Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 84 posts published Comment 1 comment written Tag 0 tags followed Day 38: Deploying Containerized Applications with Amazon ECS Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 10 Day 38: Deploying Containerized Applications with Amazon ECS # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 3 min read Want to connect with Thu Kha Kyawe? Create an account to connect with Thu Kha Kyawe. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Day 37: Managing EC2 Access with S3 Role-based Permissions Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 10 Day 37: Managing EC2 Access with S3 Role-based Permissions # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 3 min read Day 36: Load Balancing EC2 Instances with Application Load Balancer Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 10 Day 36: Load Balancing EC2 Instances with Application Load Balancer # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 3 min read Day 35: Deploying and Managing Applications on AWS Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 7 Day 35: Deploying and Managing Applications on AWS # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 3 min read Day 34: Create a Lambda Function Using CLI Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 7 Day 34: Create a Lambda Function Using CLI # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 2 min read Passing the AWS Machine Learning Engineer – Associate Exam (My Experience & Tips) Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 4 Passing the AWS Machine Learning Engineer – Associate Exam (My Experience & Tips) # aws # certification Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 33: Create a Lambda Function Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 4 Day 33: Create a Lambda Function # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 32: Snapshot and Restoration of an RDS Instance Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 4 Day 32: Snapshot and Restoration of an RDS Instance # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 31: Configuring a Private RDS Instance for Application Development Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 4 Day 31: Configuring a Private RDS Instance for Application Development # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 30: Enable Internet Access for Private EC2 using NAT Instance Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 4 Day 30: Enable Internet Access for Private EC2 using NAT Instance # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 3 min read Day 29: Establishing Secure Communication Between Public and Private VPCs via VPC Peering Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 30 '25 Day 29: Establishing Secure Communication Between Public and Private VPCs via VPC Peering # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 3 min read Day 28: Creating a Private ECR Repository Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 30 '25 Day 28: Creating a Private ECR Repository # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 27.Configuring a Public VPC with an EC2 Instance for Internet Access Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 23 '25 Day 27.Configuring a Public VPC with an EC2 Instance for Internet Access # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 3 min read Day 26.Configuring an EC2 Instance as a Web Server with Nginx Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 23 '25 Day 26.Configuring an EC2 Instance as a Web Server with Nginx # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 25.Setting Up an EC2 Instance and CloudWatch Alarm Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 23 '25 Day 25.Setting Up an EC2 Instance and CloudWatch Alarm # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 24.Setting Up an Application Load Balancer for an EC2 Instance Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 23 '25 Day 24.Setting Up an Application Load Balancer for an EC2 Instance # aws # 100daysofcloudaws 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Day 23.Data Migration Between S3 Buckets Using AWS CLI Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 22 '25 Day 23.Data Migration Between S3 Buckets Using AWS CLI # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 22.Configuring Secure SSH Access to an EC2 Instance Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 17 '25 Day 22.Configuring Secure SSH Access to an EC2 Instance # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 21.Setting Up an EC2 Instance with an Elastic IP for Application Hosting Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 17 '25 Day 21.Setting Up an EC2 Instance with an Elastic IP for Application Hosting # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 2 min read 5.Git Revert Some Changes Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 16 '25 5.Git Revert Some Changes # git # gitlevel2 Comments Add Comment 2 min read 4.Git Manage Remotes Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 16 '25 4.Git Manage Remotes # git # gitlevel2 Comments Add Comment 2 min read 3.Git Merge Branches Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 16 '25 3.Git Merge Branches # git # gitlevel2 Comments Add Comment 2 min read 2.Git Create Branches Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 16 '25 2.Git Create Branches # git # gitlevel2 Comments Add Comment 2 min read 1.Git Install and Create Repository Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 16 '25 1.Git Install and Create Repository # git # gitlevel2 # kodekloud # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 20.Create IAM Role for EC2 with Policy Attachment Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 15 '25 Day 20.Create IAM Role for EC2 with Policy Attachment # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 19.Attach IAM Policy to IAM User Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 14 '25 Day 19.Attach IAM Policy to IAM User # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 Comments Add Comment 1 min read 6.Create Elastic IP Using Terraform Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 13 '25 6.Create Elastic IP Using Terraform # terraform # terraformlevel1 # kodekloud # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read 5.Create VPC with IPv6 Using Terraform Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 13 '25 5.Create VPC with IPv6 Using Terraform # terraform # terraformlevel1 # kodekloud # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 18.Create Read-Only IAM Policy for EC2 Console Access Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 13 '25 Day 18.Create Read-Only IAM Policy for EC2 Console Access # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 17.Create IAM Group Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 12 '25 Day 17.Create IAM Group # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day 16.Create IAM User Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 12 '25 Day 16.Create IAM User # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day 15.Create Volume Snapshot Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 10 '25 Day 15.Create Volume Snapshot # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read 5.Create Files on App Servers using Ansible Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 10 '25 5.Create Files on App Servers using Ansible # ansible # kodekloud # 2025 # ansiblelevel1 Comments Add Comment 2 min read 4.Copy Data to App Servers using Ansible Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 10 '25 4.Copy Data to App Servers using Ansible # ansible # kodekloud # 2025 # ansiblelevel1 Comments Add Comment 2 min read 3.Configure Default SSH User for Ansible Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 10 '25 3.Configure Default SSH User for Ansible # ansible # kodekloud # 2025 # ansiblelevel1 Comments Add Comment 1 min read 2.Create Ansible Inventory for App Server Testing Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 10 '25 2.Create Ansible Inventory for App Server Testing # ansible # kodekloud # 2025 # ansiblelevel1 Comments Add Comment 2 min read 1.Troubleshoot and Create Ansible Playbook Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 10 '25 1.Troubleshoot and Create Ansible Playbook # ansible # kodekloud # 2025 # ansiblelevel1 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 14.Terminate EC2 Instance Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 9 '25 Day 14.Terminate EC2 Instance # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 13.Create AMI from EC2 Instance Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 8 '25 Day 13.Create AMI from EC2 Instance # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 2 min read Day 12.Attach Volume to EC2 Instance Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 7 '25 Day 12.Attach Volume to EC2 Instance # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 11.Attach Elastic Network Interface to EC2 Instance Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 7 '25 Day 11.Attach Elastic Network Interface to EC2 Instance # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 10.Attach Elastic IP to EC2 Instance Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 7 '25 Day 10.Attach Elastic IP to EC2 Instance # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 9.Enable Termination Protection for EC2 Instance Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 7 '25 Day 9.Enable Termination Protection for EC2 Instance # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day 8.Enable Stop Protection for EC2 Instance Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 7 '25 Day 8.Enable Stop Protection for EC2 Instance # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 Comments Add Comment 1 min read AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional (SAP-C02) Exam Guide Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 6 '25 AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional (SAP-C02) Exam Guide # aws # certification # sap # 2025 Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day 7.Change EC2 Instance Type Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 6 '25 Day 7.Change EC2 Instance Type # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 6.Launch EC2 Instance Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 6 '25 Day 6.Launch EC2 Instance # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 5.Create GP3 Volume Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 6 '25 Day 5.Create GP3 Volume # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 4.Allocate Elastic IP Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 6 '25 Day 4.Allocate Elastic IP # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 3.Create Subnet Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 6 '25 Day 3.Create Subnet # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 2.Create Security Group Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 6 '25 Day 2.Create Security Group # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 1.Create Key Pair Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Dec 1 '25 Day 1.Create Key Pair # aws # 100daysofcloudaws # 2025 Comments Add Comment 1 min read 5.Delete Git Branch Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Nov 16 '25 5.Delete Git Branch # kodekloud # git # 2025 # gitlevel1 Comments Add Comment 1 min read 4.Update Git Repository with Sample HTML File Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Nov 16 '25 4.Update Git Repository with Sample HTML File # kodekloud # git # 2025 # gitlevel1 Comments Add Comment 1 min read 3.Fork a Git Repository Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Nov 16 '25 3.Fork a Git Repository # kodekloud # git # 2025 # gitlevel1 Comments Add Comment 2 min read 2.Clone Git Repository on Storage Server Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Nov 15 '25 2.Clone Git Repository on Storage Server # kodekloud # git # 2025 # gitlevel1 Comments Add Comment 1 min read 1.Set Up Git Repository on Storage Server Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Nov 15 '25 1.Set Up Git Repository on Storage Server # kodekloud # git # 2025 # gitlevel1 Comments Add Comment 1 min read How To Configure Multipart Upload to S3 Bucket using AWS CLI Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Nov 14 '25 How To Configure Multipart Upload to S3 Bucket using AWS CLI # aws # s3 # 2025 Comments Add Comment 3 min read AWS Certified Developer - Associate (DVA-C02) Exam Guide Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Nov 13 '25 AWS Certified Developer - Associate (DVA-C02) Exam Guide # aws # certifications # 2025 Comments Add Comment 1 min read How To Configure EFS Intelligent Tiering Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Nov 13 '25 How To Configure EFS Intelligent Tiering # aws # efs # 2025 Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # web Follow Hide Create Post Older #web posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Building Browser Extensions with WXT + Angular Suguru Inatomi Suguru Inatomi Suguru Inatomi Follow Jan 12 Building Browser Extensions with WXT + Angular # angular # typescript # web # extensions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why I Benchmarked 1,000+ Hosting Providers Using a Mathematical Formula (and why most reviews are wrong) TechJournal TechJournal TechJournal Follow Jan 12 Why I Benchmarked 1,000+ Hosting Providers Using a Mathematical Formula (and why most reviews are wrong) # web # php # host # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read Private & Fast: Building a Browser-Based Dermatology Screener with WebLLM and WebGPU Beck_Moulton Beck_Moulton Beck_Moulton Follow Jan 12 Private & Fast: Building a Browser-Based Dermatology Screener with WebLLM and WebGPU # privacy # ai # web # webdev Comments Add Comment 4 min read Tutorial: Building a Flight Tracking Node with Wingbits and SDR Helena Chandler Helena Chandler Helena Chandler Follow Jan 6 Tutorial: Building a Flight Tracking Node with Wingbits and SDR # webdev # ai # cryptocurrency # web Comments Add Comment 2 min read Scrapy Performance Optimization: Make Your Spider 10x Faster Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Follow Jan 5 Scrapy Performance Optimization: Make Your Spider 10x Faster # webdev # programming # performance # web Comments Add Comment 7 min read Tutorial: How to Build a DeFi App on a Bitcoin L2 Using Liquid Staked BTC lilian lilian lilian Follow Jan 6 Tutorial: How to Build a DeFi App on a Bitcoin L2 Using Liquid Staked BTC # cryptocurrency # web # webdev # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read 📱 WebSockets Explained Like You're 5 Sreekar Reddy Sreekar Reddy Sreekar Reddy Follow Jan 4 📱 WebSockets Explained Like You're 5 # eli5 # web # realtime # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Your Website Is Your Digital First Impression Nafiz Mahmud Nafiz Mahmud Nafiz Mahmud Follow Jan 2 Your Website Is Your Digital First Impression # webdev # website # web Comments 1 comment 2 min read 📞 DNS Explained Like You're 5 Sreekar Reddy Sreekar Reddy Sreekar Reddy Follow Jan 1 📞 DNS Explained Like You're 5 # eli5 # web # networking # beginners Comments Add Comment 1 min read A short talk on web development made me rethink how students are approaching coding. eSharp eSharp eSharp Follow Jan 1 A short talk on web development made me rethink how students are approaching coding. # webdev # website # web Comments Add Comment 1 min read Baseline Web Features You Can Safely Use Today to Boost Performance Mariano Álvarez 🇨🇷 Mariano Álvarez 🇨🇷 Mariano Álvarez 🇨🇷 Follow Jan 1 Baseline Web Features You Can Safely Use Today to Boost Performance # webdev # webperf # javascript # web Comments Add Comment 7 min read Shopify vs WooCommerce vs BigCommerce – Which Should I Choose? Henry Davids Henry Davids Henry Davids Follow Jan 5 Shopify vs WooCommerce vs BigCommerce – Which Should I Choose? # programming # ai # web # webdev Comments Add Comment 14 min read App::HTTPThis: the tiny web server I keep reaching for Dave Cross Dave Cross Dave Cross Follow Jan 4 App::HTTPThis: the tiny web server I keep reaching for # web # httpthis # perl # staticsites 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Will AI Replace Web Developers? Or Are We Entering the Era of Vibe Coding? Adithyan G Adithyan G Adithyan G Follow Jan 5 Will AI Replace Web Developers? Or Are We Entering the Era of Vibe Coding? # web # developer # ai # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read HTML Fundamentals - Building Web Pages dss99911 dss99911 dss99911 Follow Dec 30 '25 HTML Fundamentals - Building Web Pages # frontend # javascript # html # web 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Most Useful Professional Tools for Webmasters and Digital ITpraktika.com ITpraktika.com ITpraktika.com Follow Jan 4 The Most Useful Professional Tools for Webmasters and Digital # seo # web # tools # wordpress Comments Add Comment 5 min read HTML Complete Guide dss99911 dss99911 dss99911 Follow Dec 30 '25 HTML Complete Guide # frontend # common # html # web Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🍽️ APIs Explained Like You're 5 Sreekar Reddy Sreekar Reddy Sreekar Reddy Follow Dec 27 '25 🍽️ APIs Explained Like You're 5 # eli5 # web # backend # beginners Comments Add Comment 1 min read I cut my site’s image payload by 97.7% (83.57 MB 1.89 MB) Aman Aman Aman Follow Dec 23 '25 I cut my site’s image payload by 97.7% (83.57 MB 1.89 MB) # frontend # web # webp # images Comments Add Comment 4 min read Digler — Open-Source Disk Forensics and File Recovery Tool Alex Kernel Alex Kernel Alex Kernel Follow Dec 21 '25 Digler — Open-Source Disk Forensics and File Recovery Tool # devops # web # opensource # cli Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building a Hugo + Tailwind technical blog from scratch: Taking INFINI Labs Blog as an example Rain9 Rain9 Rain9 Follow Dec 20 '25 Building a Hugo + Tailwind technical blog from scratch: Taking INFINI Labs Blog as an example # hugo # web # website # markdown 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read My Page Loaded in 2 Seconds… According to Me Pradeep Pradeep Pradeep Follow Jan 3 My Page Loaded in 2 Seconds… According to Me # webdev # web # performance # javascript 8 reactions Comments 3 comments 3 min read Is the Computer Still a Dumb Machine? 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The REAL Best Language for Web Scraping Building a Hugo + Tailwind technical blog from scratch: Taking INFINI Labs Blog as an example File Browser — Open-Source Web File Manager You Can Self-Host Performance Issues in Web Services: A Practical Guide to Identification and Resolution Um Primeiro Olhar sobre o Framework Phoenix Security Warning: The Operational Mechanism of the TraderKnows Extortion Scheme Is SQL Injection dead in 2025? Finding Critical Bugs in Item Pagination Bypassing Web Application Firewalls The Complete Toolkit for Instant Photo Editing — All in Your Browser I cut my site’s image payload by 97.7% (83.57 MB 1.89 MB) Asynchronous Loops in JavaScript My Portfolio Digler — Open-Source Disk Forensics and File Recovery Tool A Practical Guide to Using localStorage in JavaScript (With Mini Project) The Collapse of the Web: The Sameness & Death of Difference in Tech 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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Right menu Shift Down to the Platform, not Left to the Dev Paolo Paolo Paolo Follow for Mia-Platform Oct 23 '23 Shift Down to the Platform, not Left to the Dev # devops # shiftleft # platformengineering # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 10 min read Starting Platform Engineering Journey with Backstage Vaibhav Vaibhav Vaibhav Follow for InfraCloud Technologies Oct 18 '23 Starting Platform Engineering Journey with Backstage # internaldeveloperportal # backstage # platformengineering # idp Comments Add Comment 8 min read How to reduce pain during development on a microservice architecture Signadot Signadot Signadot Follow Oct 11 '23 How to reduce pain during development on a microservice architecture # microservices # kubernetes # platformengineering # developer Comments Add Comment 6 min read 10 milestones for the Internal Developer Platform. A roadmap for teams getting started David Montoya David Montoya David Montoya Follow Oct 4 '23 10 milestones for the Internal Developer Platform. A roadmap for teams getting started # platformengineering # softwaredelivery # devops # cloudnative Comments Add Comment 9 min read Viktor Farcic: There is no such thing as a DevOps engineer Shift Mag Shift Mag Shift Mag Follow Oct 4 '23 Viktor Farcic: There is no such thing as a DevOps engineer # devops # platformengineering # kubernetes # devtools 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read How to Build an Internal Developer Platform: Everything You Need to Know Morgan Perry Morgan Perry Morgan Perry Follow Sep 26 '23 How to Build an Internal Developer Platform: Everything You Need to Know # devops # platformengineering # idp # productivity Comments Add Comment 14 min read Why your DevOps Toolchain Needs a Governance Platform Paolo Paolo Paolo Follow for Mia-Platform Aug 31 '23 Why your DevOps Toolchain Needs a Governance Platform # platformengineering # devops # governance # productivity Comments Add Comment 6 min read The struggle for developers to collaborate on microservices Signadot Signadot Signadot Follow Aug 29 '23 The struggle for developers to collaborate on microservices # kubernetes # microservices # developertools # platformengineering Comments 2 comments 7 min read Pave Golden Paths with Platform Engineering Paolo Paolo Paolo Follow for Mia-Platform Aug 3 '23 Pave Golden Paths with Platform Engineering # platformengineering # devops # productivity # softwaredevelopment 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read Platform Engineering: Building Your Developer Portal with Backstage (Pt 1) Tiexin Guo Tiexin Guo Tiexin Guo Follow for GitGuardian Jul 9 '23 Platform Engineering: Building Your Developer Portal with Backstage (Pt 1) # devops # devsecops # backstage # platformengineering Comments Add Comment 10 min read 7 core components of an Internal Developer Platform Paolo Paolo Paolo Follow for Mia-Platform Jul 5 '23 7 core components of an Internal Developer Platform # platformengineering # devops # productivity # internaldeveloperplatform Comments Add Comment 6 min read Backstage: Facilitando a criação de componentes e melhorando a governança no desenvolvimento de software Eduardo Bueno Eduardo Bueno Eduardo Bueno Follow Jun 19 '23 Backstage: Facilitando a criação de componentes e melhorando a governança no desenvolvimento de software # backstage # dx # platformengineering # tooling 18 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Unsupported: Opensearch Migrations Nathan Fries Nathan Fries Nathan Fries Follow Jun 19 '23 Unsupported: Opensearch Migrations # opensearch # platformengineering # elasticsearch # migrations 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Opensearch Migrations for Node.js Applications Nathan Fries Nathan Fries Nathan Fries Follow Jun 18 '23 Opensearch Migrations for Node.js Applications # opensearch # platformengineering # elasticsearch # node 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Why You Need an Internal Developer Portal NOW Ant(on) Weiss Ant(on) Weiss Ant(on) Weiss Follow May 17 '23 Why You Need an Internal Developer Portal NOW # devops # platformengineering # software # agile 4 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read Platform Engineering and Internal Developer Platform Saravanan Gnanaguru Saravanan Gnanaguru Saravanan Gnanaguru Follow for AWS Community Builders May 11 '23 Platform Engineering and Internal Developer Platform # devops # platformengineering # idp # beginners 27 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Goodbye Cloud, Hello CLI: Sunsetting Kubestack Cloud Philipp Strube Philipp Strube Philipp Strube Follow for Kubestack May 9 '23 Goodbye Cloud, Hello CLI: Sunsetting Kubestack Cloud # terraform # kubernetes # platformengineering # gitops 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Is DevOps Dead? Is Platform Engineering the “New DevOps”? The Final Word. Brianna Blacet Brianna Blacet Brianna Blacet Follow for Outshift By Cisco May 5 '23 Is DevOps Dead? Is Platform Engineering the “New DevOps”? The Final Word. # devops # platformengineering 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read What the flip is DevEx - live panel Floor Drees Floor Drees Floor Drees Follow Apr 11 '23 What the flip is DevEx - live panel # dx # platformengineering # devops # idp 6 reactions Comments 5 comments 3 min read Criando equipes de alto desempenho com a cultura DevOps Tio Dani Tio Dani Tio Dani Follow Mar 20 '23 Criando equipes de alto desempenho com a cultura DevOps # devops # platformengineering # sre # culture 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Automate your Terraform using GitOps with Flux Roberth Strand Roberth Strand Roberth Strand Follow Dec 29 '22 Automate your Terraform using GitOps with Flux # gitops # platformengineering # terraform 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Kubernetes Cost Monitoring with Prometheus & Grafana Rich Burroughs Rich Burroughs Rich Burroughs Follow Oct 6 '21 Kubernetes Cost Monitoring with Prometheus & Grafana # kubernetesinsights # guides # platformengineering # usecases 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/jimmy-maina/week-0-starting-a-16-week-journey-to-platform-engineering-cei | Week 0: Starting a 16-Week Journey to Platform Engineering - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Jimmy Maina Posted on Jan 11 Week 0: Starting a 16-Week Journey to Platform Engineering # backend # platformengineering # learninginpublic # career Canonical URL Why This Journey? Over the next 16 weeks, I'm building my way into becoming a Backend/Platform Engineer with genuine SRE ownership. This isn't about credential collecting or tutorial completion. It's about constructing real systems, intentionally breaking them to see how they fail, and extracting lessons from those failures that stick. What Makes This Different? The typical learning path teaches you how to build features. I'm focusing on something harder: learning how to operate systems. There's a crucial difference between writing code that works on your laptop and running services that stay reliable under production pressure. Instead of just building a service, I'm learning to operate it when things go wrong. Instead of just writing code, I'm deploying it, monitoring its behavior, and practicing recovery when it fails. Instead of memorizing patterns, I'm making deliberate architectural choices and living with their consequences long enough to understand the trade-offs viscerally. The Plan The journey breaks into four phases, each building on what came before. Phase 1 (Weeks 1-4): Service Foundations starts with building a backend service, but with explicit attention to boundaries and contracts. I'm implementing comprehensive failure handling from the beginning, not as an afterthought. Observability isn't something I'll add later—it's part of the foundation, because you can't operate what you can't see. Phase 2 (Weeks 5-8): Production Reality takes that service and deploys it to an actual cloud environment where real costs and real failure modes exist. This is where chaos engineering enters: deliberately injecting failures to see what breaks and how. I'll practice incident response and recovery, building muscle memory for staying calm when alerts fire. Phase 3 (Weeks 9-12): Platform Thinking shifts perspective from single services to reusable components. I'll define Service Level Objectives and error budgets, treating reliability as a product feature with explicit trade-offs rather than an ideal we wish for. This is where you start thinking like a platform engineer: how do I make it easier for other engineers to build reliable services? Phase 4 (Weeks 13-16): Communication recognizes that technical work needs clear documentation and explanation. I'll create technical writing that demonstrates ownership and build documentation that's actually useful to others. The goal is a portfolio that shows not just what I can build, but how I think about reliability and operations. Learning in Public Everything I do will be visible and documented. Each week, I'll publish posts covering what I built, what broke, and what I learned from it. Every Friday is "Failure Friday," where I write honest postmortems about that week's problems. I'm keeping decision logs that explain why I chose one approach over another, including the trade-offs I considered. All the code lives in GitHub where anyone can see the actual work, not just polished summaries. The Three Questions Every Friday, I'm answering three specific questions that keep me honest: First, what failed or almost failed this week? If my answer is "nothing," then I know I didn't push hard enough or I'm not being honest with myself. Second, what signal caught the failure, or what signal should have caught it but didn't? This forces me to think about observability and whether I would have known there was a problem in a real production environment. Third, what human decision mattered most? Technology choices matter, but often the critical moment comes down to a judgment call—how I prioritized, what I decided to investigate, when I chose to simplify instead of adding complexity. Following Along You can watch this unfold in several places. My GitHub repository contains all the code and documentation as it develops. I'm using Notion as my learning system, tracking progress and organizing notes. This blog will have weekly updates every week. There's also a spreadsheet tracking my progress against the plan. I want to be clear about something: I'm not starting this as an expert. I'm documenting the journey from being a competent developer to becoming a platform engineer who can operate production systems with confidence. If you're on a similar path, I'd love to hear about it in the comments. What's Next? Week 1 begins tomorrow. I'm setting up the learning system that will carry me through these 16 weeks. I'll define the first service I'm building and write its OpenAPI specification before touching code—practicing that discipline of thinking through contracts and interfaces first. If this resonates with you, subscribe to follow the journey. If you're learning similar skills or have been through this transition yourself, I'd value hearing your perspective in the comments. GitHub : platform-engineering-portfolio Week : 0 of 16 Hours invested : 0 Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Jimmy Maina Follow Backend/Platform Engineer learning in public. Documenting my cyclic 16-week journey building production systems Location Nairobi, Kenya Pronouns He Joined Jan 11, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot I Am 38, I Am a Nurse, and I Have Always Wanted to Learn Coding # career # learning # beginners # coding The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://design.forem.com/pixel_mosaic/figma-vs-adobe-xd-which-one-should-you-learn-in-2025-13i#comments | Figma vs Adobe XD: Which One Should You Learn in 2025? - Design Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Design Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Pixel Mosaic Posted on Oct 14, 2025 Figma vs Adobe XD: Which One Should You Learn in 2025? # uidesign # careeradvice # adobesuite # figma Figma vs Adobe XD: Which One Should You Learn in 2025? As the world of UI/UX design continues to evolve, choosing the right design tool can make a huge difference in your workflow, collaboration, and career growth. Two of the most popular tools today are Figma and Adobe XD . But which one should you learn in 2025? Let’s break it down. 1. Accessibility & Platform Support Figma is browser-based, which means you can use it on any platform—Windows, Mac, Linux—even Chromebooks. It also offers a desktop app and mobile viewing apps. Adobe XD , on the other hand, is primarily desktop-based (Windows and Mac), which limits accessibility slightly. Cloud collaboration is possible, but it’s not as seamless as Figma’s live collaboration. Winner: Figma 2. Collaboration & Teamwork Figma shines in real-time collaboration. Multiple team members can work on the same file simultaneously, comment, and leave feedback instantly. Adobe XD introduced coediting, but it’s still catching up to Figma in terms of speed and reliability. Winner: Figma 3. Prototyping & Features Both tools are great for prototyping: Figma: Interactive prototypes, auto-layout, reusable components, and plugins. Adobe XD: Voice prototyping, advanced animation features, and integration with Adobe Creative Cloud. If your work involves animation-heavy prototypes or you are already in the Adobe ecosystem (Photoshop, Illustrator), XD could be advantageous. Winner: Tie (depends on your workflow) 4. Pricing Figma: Free tier available, great for individuals and small teams. Paid plans for advanced features. Adobe XD: Free plan limited; subscription needed for full functionality, bundled with Adobe Creative Cloud. Winner: Figma (better free tier for learners and freelancers) 5. Learning Curve Figma: Intuitive interface, minimal setup, and tons of community resources. Adobe XD: Familiar for Adobe users, but may feel heavy for beginners. Winner: Figma Conclusion: Which One Should You Learn? For 2025, Figma is generally the better choice for beginners, freelancers, and collaborative teams. Its accessibility, real-time collaboration, and growing community make it a go-to tool in modern UI/UX design . However, if you are deep into the Adobe ecosystem and need advanced animation or voice prototyping, Adobe XD still holds value. Pro tip: Learning both isn’t a bad idea! Many UI/UX professionals use Figma for collaboration and XD for specific prototyping tasks. Do you use Figma or Adobe XD? Share your experience in the comments! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Pixel Mosaic Follow We build, design & ship web experiences | UI/UX + Web Dev | Sharing tips, tools & case studies for developers. Joined Oct 4, 2025 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Design Community — Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Design Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where designers share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://forem.com/svasylenko#main-content | Serhii Vasylenko - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Serhii Vasylenko I am an engineer from Ukraine. I like astronomy and everything related to DevOps. I thrive on developing great product offerings, great people, and great teams. Location Germany, Berlin Joined Joined on Dec 27, 2017 Email address dev.to@vasylenko.info Personal website https://devdosvid.blog github website twitter website Work Developer Experience Engineer at Grammarly Eight Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least eight years. Got it Close Seven Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least seven years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! 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Got it Close Show all 13 badges More info about @svasylenko Organizations AWS Community Builders GitHub Repositories devdosvid.blog A source code of my personal website powered by Hugo HTML • 9 stars Currently learning Go Post 21 posts published Comment 29 comments written Tag 3 tags followed A Deep Dive Into Terraform Static Code Analysis Tools: Features and Comparisons Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow Apr 16 '24 A Deep Dive Into Terraform Static Code Analysis Tools: Features and Comparisons # terraform # security # devops # development 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 10 min read Want to connect with Serhii Vasylenko? Create an account to connect with Serhii Vasylenko. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Mastering AWS API Gateway V2 HTTP and AWS Lambda With Terraform Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 11 '24 Mastering AWS API Gateway V2 HTTP and AWS Lambda With Terraform # aws # terraform # devops # serverless 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 17 min read Hello terraform_data! Goodbye Null Resource! Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow for AWS Community Builders Apr 19 '23 Hello terraform_data! Goodbye Null Resource! # news # terraform # devops # programming 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Amazon VPC Lattice — Build Applications, Not Networks Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow for AWS Community Builders Mar 17 '23 Amazon VPC Lattice — Build Applications, Not Networks # news # aws # devrel # cloud 14 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read Five Practical Ways To Get The Verified EC2 AMI Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow for AWS Community Builders Jul 26 '22 Five Practical Ways To Get The Verified EC2 AMI # devops # aws # cloud # tutorial 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read New Lifecycle Options and Refactoring Capabilities in Terraform 1.1 and 1.2 Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow for AWS Community Builders May 5 '22 New Lifecycle Options and Refactoring Capabilities in Terraform 1.1 and 1.2 # news # terraform # programming # opensource 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Some Techniques to Enhance Your Terraform Proficiency Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 18 '22 Some Techniques to Enhance Your Terraform Proficiency # terraform # devops # productivity 19 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Apply Cloudfront Security Headers Policy With Terraform Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow for AWS Community Builders Nov 5 '21 Apply Cloudfront Security Headers Policy With Terraform # aws # terraform # devops # architecture 18 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read Auto Scaling Group for your macOS EC2 Instances fleet Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow for AWS Community Builders Oct 25 '21 Auto Scaling Group for your macOS EC2 Instances fleet # aws # devops # tutorial # architecture 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read AWS Resource Access Manager — Simple and powerful service for multi-account resource governance Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow for AWS Community Builders Sep 27 '21 AWS Resource Access Manager — Simple and powerful service for multi-account resource governance # aws # devops # architecture 15 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Run Ansible playbook on mac1.metal instances fleet with AWS Systems Manager Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow for AWS Community Builders May 27 '21 Run Ansible playbook on mac1.metal instances fleet with AWS Systems Manager # aws # ansible # macos # devops 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Configure HTTP Security headers with CloudFront Functions Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow for AWS Community Builders May 22 '21 Configure HTTP Security headers with CloudFront Functions # aws # cloudfront # security # serverless 13 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read Customizing mac1.metal EC2 AMI — new guts, more glory Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow for AWS Community Builders Feb 3 '21 Customizing mac1.metal EC2 AMI — new guts, more glory # showdev # aws # macos # devops 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read mac1.metal EC2 Instance: user experience Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 19 '21 mac1.metal EC2 Instance: user experience # aws # devops # cloud # macos 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Terraforming mac1.metal at AWS Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 9 '21 Terraforming mac1.metal at AWS # aws # terraform # tutorial 12 reactions Comments 4 comments 2 min read AWS CloudShell Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow Dec 17 '20 AWS CloudShell # aws # devops # cloud # shell 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Terraform Certification Tips Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow Sep 15 '20 Terraform Certification Tips # terraform # certification # exam # devops 20 reactions Comments 4 comments 3 min read Managing Ansible playbook secrets with AWS services Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow Sep 1 '20 Managing Ansible playbook secrets with AWS services # ansible # aws # devops # bestpractice 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Terraform CLI shortcuts Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow Aug 25 '20 Terraform CLI shortcuts # terraform # cli # automation # bash 24 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read GithubActions powered blog and online CV Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow Aug 14 '20 GithubActions powered blog and online CV # actionshackathon # jekyll # pandoc # devops 10 reactions Comments 3 comments 2 min read Dynamic injection of secrets into ECS Task Definition with SSM Parameter Store Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Serhii Vasylenko Follow for AWS Community Builders Apr 18 '20 Dynamic injection of secrets into ECS Task Definition with SSM Parameter Store # aws # ecs # docker # automation 1 reaction Comments 3 comments 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/fabiorosado/command-line-tricks-5aca | Command Line Tricks - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Fabio Rosado Posted on Nov 18, 2020 • Originally published at fabiorosado.dev Command Line Tricks # productivity # terminal # beginners Working with the command line can be fun. But the more you use the command line, the more you realise that you end up repeating commands over and over again in your workflow. Luckily there are some easy to remember commands that will help you cut time when repeating commands. History - Using reverse-i-search Reverse-i-search will search through the whole history to match a command that contains what you typed. You will need to activate reverse-i-search by pressing the keys CTRL+R , your prompt will switch to (reverse-i-search) : With reverse-i-search activated, you can type the beginning of a command and the last one that was run will be matched. If you want to cycle through all matches you just need to press CTRL+R again. If you know that you are going to use a command a lot you can write the command like this: <command> #tag Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Then all you need is run the reverse-i-search and search for # , your command will be matched straight away. Since the # indicates a start of a comment the terminal will simply ignore the text #tag . Examples History: 1 git pull origin master #pull-origin-master 2 git status 3 git stash 4 git pull origin master 5 git stash apply 6 git add file 7 git commit -m "Added file" 8 git rebase -i HEAD~2 9 git push Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Start reverse-i-search and type git: ( reverse-i-search ) ` git ': git push Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Git push was the last command typed so that's the first match that reverse-i-search returns. Now let's use the tag trick to run the first command in our history. Let's reverse-i-search for # ( reverse-i-search ) ` #': git pull origin master #pull-origin-master Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode History - Using ! If you run the command history you can see a long list with all the commands that you have typed in the command line. To re-run a command you can do one of these two ways: Type: !<number of the command> Type !<first letters of command> For you to use the number of the command you probably would have to run history , then get the number and type !<number of the command> , in some cases this will take even longer than typing the command again. But since you know which command you want to run, you can simply type !<first letters of command> and those first letters will be matched to a command. This little trick can save you some precious time. Examples History: 1 ls 2 cd 3 cd documents/ 4 mkdir folder 5 rmdir folder 6 ls Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Let's run the last command in our history again by typing !! user ~/documents > !! ls folder Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode As you can see the terminal will print the command before running it, this is to help you in case something happens that you weren't expecting. Now let's try to run the second command in our history by using the number reference. user ~/documents > ! 2 cd user ~ > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The cd command was run and you should be in your home directory now. Let's say you want to create a folder with the same name in your home directory you can do: user ~ > ! mk mkdir folder user ~ > ls folder Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Autocomplete Typing long commands can take a while, luckily your terminal can autocomplete commands for you, all you need to do is start typing a few letters and press the TAB key and the command will be auto-completed. If you forgot how do you type a command, but you know the first letter, you can type the first letter and press the TAB key twice, a long list of all available commands will appear and you can use that to help you. Examples Let's look for a command that starts with the letter K: user ~ > K <TAB><TAB> kadmin.local kextfind keytool klist kswitch kcc kextload kill kramdown ktutil Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode As you can see any command that starts with the letter K will be returned. I hope you find this helpful, let me know if there are more useful commands that I should add to this list! This article was first published on my personal site on 7th of July Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Fabio Rosado Follow I'm The Flying Dev - flight attendant by day and self-taught developer by night. Founder and host of the Landing in Tech podcast. 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Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Open Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where all the other conversations belong Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://dumb.dev.to/privacy#11-other-provisions | Privacy Policy - DUMB DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DUMB DEV Community Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DUMB DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DUMB DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DUMB DEV Community Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DUMB DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DUMB DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dumb.dev.to/privacy#b-information-collected-automatically | Privacy Policy - DUMB DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DUMB DEV Community Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DUMB DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DUMB DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://open.forem.com/privacy#1-what-does-this-privacy-policy-apply-to | Privacy Policy - Open Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Open Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where all the other conversations belong Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://dev.to/terieyenike/process-images-with-python-pil-54l7#comments | Processing Images in Python with Pillow - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse oteri Posted on Sep 19, 2020 • Edited on Mar 7, 2025 Processing Images in Python with Pillow # python # productivity Have you ever felt stuck trying to convert, resize, apply a filter to images with the aid of a design tool like Photoshop or Illustrator? With Python, we can achieve this with just basic script written in our favourite code editors or IDEs. Python is one of the most popular programming languages and it is favoured amongst beginners trying to experiment with their first language. Python provides lots of libraries for image processing but we would focus our attention with Python Imaging Library (PIL). PIL helps to perform basic operations on images like resizing, rotation, creating thumbnails, convert between different file formats etc. In this tutorial, we are going to assume you have a basic understanding of Python and its syntax to be able to follow. Before we begin the installation of PIL, ensure you have the latest Python installed on your system python3 . Installation The first step in working with image processing is to install the required library, Pillow . We will use pip to install the required library from the terminal or command line. $ pip3 install pillow Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode That's it. Now we can begin. Open, rotate and display and image The following script loads an image, rotate it 90 degrees, and display an image on the default system image viewer. from PIL import Image img = Image . open ( " bulbasaur.jpg " ) img . rotate ( 90 ). show () Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Create thumbnails The thumbnail method, thumbnail() helps to maintain the aspect ratio of images especially when you want it to scale it down/up proportionally. In between the method, enter the dimension you want. Something you should take note of is that the thumbnail method doesn't return a new image, it just modifies the current one. from PIL import Image img = Image . open ( " bulbasaur.jpg " ) img . thumbnail (( 400 , 250 )) img . show () Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Apply filter to images. Here we would sharpen, blur, and smoothen an image based on our preference. With this process, we have to import another module, ImageFilter to the pre-existing Image module used to represent a PIL image. Replace BLUR attribute with SHARPEN and SMOOTH to see the changes to the processed image. from PIL import Image , ImageFilter img = Image . open ( " bulbasaur.jpg " ) filtered_img = img . filter ( ImageFilter . BLUR ) filtered_img . show () Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Convert and save We can change the format of an image from one form to another. You can either create a new folder or save the image in the same folder where you want to apply the save() method to. from PIL import Image img = Image . open ( " bulbasaur.jpg " ) img . save ( " /images/processed/new_bulbasaur.png " , " png " ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Convert image to grayscale We would be making use of the convert() method to apply changes to an image from its original coloured image to grey. from PIL import Image img = Image . open ( " bulbasaur.jpg " ) filtered_img = img . convert ( " L " ) filtered_img . show () Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The "L" stands for 'luminous' Resize image With this method, resize(), you can resize your image with the following script. from PIL import Image img = Image . open ( " bulbasaur.jpg " ) resize = img . resize (( 300 , 300 )) resize . show () Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Crop image The crop() method returns a rectangular region from the cropped image. The box is a tuple of the crop rectangle which takes in four input as coordinates, (left, upper, right, lower) represented as figures. from PIL import Image img = Image . open ( " bulbasaur.jpg " ) box = ( 100 , 100 , 250 , 250 ) region = img . crop ( box ) region . show () Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Read the image You can read the image through its various attributes such as mode, size, and format. We can use the Python Print() function. Replace the size attribute with filter and mode attributes. from PIL import Image img = Image . open ( " bulbasaur.jpg " ) print ( img . size ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Conclusion That's it from my end! Remember you can do more exciting things with reading the Pillow documentation and we have barely scratched the surface of endless possibilities we can achieve using this Python library. If this helped you in any way, kindly leave a feedback or comment below. Further reading Image effects with PIL(Python Image Library) Essential Pil (Pillow) Image Tutorial (for Machine Learning People) Top comments (4) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Can Nuhlar Can Nuhlar Can Nuhlar Follow CS Student in Istanbul, Turkey. Love to learn new technologies. Location Istanbul Education Istanbul University Joined Feb 10, 2017 • Sep 20 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide If you want to get familiar with python it's good but for actual usage; image-magick has a CLI tool that does much more than this. imagemagick.org/script/convert.php Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand oteri oteri oteri Follow Software Engineer 🛠️ | Prompt Engineer | Technical Writer Email teyenike1@gmail.com Location Nigeria Education University of Nigeria Work Technical Writer Joined Apr 17, 2019 • Sep 20 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I would look into it. Thanks Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lex Lex Lex Follow Just seing...animus.. Peace && Love... Hippie Power.. Location Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico Work Peace && Love;GunLinux;Linux at I don't work Joined Nov 19, 2019 • Sep 19 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Cool very useful, thanks man😁✌️👍 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand oteri oteri oteri Follow Software Engineer 🛠️ | Prompt Engineer | Technical Writer Email teyenike1@gmail.com Location Nigeria Education University of Nigeria Work Technical Writer Joined Apr 17, 2019 • Sep 19 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Glad you found it useful. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse oteri Follow Software Engineer 🛠️ | Prompt Engineer | Technical Writer Location Nigeria Education University of Nigeria Work Technical Writer Joined Apr 17, 2019 More from oteri How to Scrape Any Website Using Bright Data MCP Server and AI Agents # python # ai # development # opensource Build in Public (Data Engineering): Day Zero # buildinpublic # python # learning # development Build a Serverless Distance Calculator on AWS (Amplify, Lambda, API Gateway & DynamoDB) # aws # javascript # python # serverless 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/grafikui/transactional-ai-v02-production-ready-with-full-observability-550h | Transactional AI v0.2: Production-Ready with Full Observability - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Grafikui Posted on Jan 12 Transactional AI v0.2: Production-Ready with Full Observability # ai # typescript # saga # llm PostgreSQL storage, distributed locking, retry policies, event hooks, timeouts, and testing utilities for reliable AI workflows tags: ai, typescript, saga, llm, observability Transactional AI v0.2: Production-Ready with Full Observability Earlier this week, I launched Transactional AI v0.1 to solve a problem I kept hitting: AI agents that half-executed and left systems in broken states. The response was incredible. But users immediately asked for more: "How do I run this with multiple workers?" "Can I use Postgres instead of files?" "My OpenAI calls keep failing with 500 errors" "How do I monitor this in production?" "What if a step hangs for 5 minutes?" Today, v0.2 answers all these questions. The Problem (Quick Recap) You're building an AI agent that: Generates a report with OpenAI Charges the customer with Stripe Sends an email notification What happens when Step 2 fails? Without transactions: ❌ Report generated (wasted API credits) ❌ Customer NOT charged (lost revenue) ❌ System in inconsistent state With Transactional AI: ✅ Report deleted automatically ✅ Customer NOT charged ✅ Clean rollback, no manual cleanup What's New in v0.2 Core Features (v0.2.0) 1. Distributed Locking (Redis) The Problem: // Worker 1 and Worker 2 both receive the same transaction ID await tx . run (); // Both try to execute simultaneously! // Race condition: duplicate charges, data corruption Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The Solution: import { Transaction , RedisStorage , RedisLock } from ' transactional-ai ' ; const connection = ' redis://localhost:6379 ' ; const storage = new RedisStorage ( connection ); const lock = new RedisLock ( connection ); // 🔒 Atomic locks const tx = new Transaction ( ' order-123 ' , storage , { lock : lock , lockTTL : 30000 // Auto-release after 30s if worker crashes }); // ✅ Safe across multiple servers/processes await tx . run (); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode How it works: Uses Redis SET NX PX for atomic lock acquisition Token-based release prevents accidental unlocks Auto-expiration prevents deadlocks on crashes Perfect for: Horizontal scaling, multi-worker deployments, Kubernetes pods 2. PostgreSQL Storage (ACID Compliance) The Problem: File-based storage works for local dev, but enterprises need: ACID guarantees Long-term auditability SQL query capabilities The Solution: import { Transaction , PostgresStorage } from ' transactional-ai ' ; const storage = new PostgresStorage ( ' postgresql://user:pass@localhost:5432/mydb ' ); const tx = new Transaction ( ' compliance-audit-456 ' , storage ); await tx . run ( async ( t ) => { await t . step ( ' approve-loan ' , {...}); await t . step ( ' disburse-funds ' , {...}); await t . step ( ' send-confirmation ' , {...}); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Database Schema: CREATE TABLE transactions ( id VARCHAR ( 255 ) PRIMARY KEY , status VARCHAR ( 50 ) NOT NULL , step_stack JSONB NOT NULL , -- Full execution history created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW (), updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW () ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Query your transaction history: -- Find all failed transactions from last week SELECT id , step_stack FROM transactions WHERE status = 'failed' AND created_at > NOW () - INTERVAL '7 days' ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Perfect for: Financial services, healthcare, regulated industries 3. Retry Policies (Handle Flaky APIs) The Problem: await t . step ( ' call-openai ' , { do : async () => await openai . createCompletion ({...}), undo : async () => {} }); // ❌ OpenAI returns 500 → entire transaction rolls back // Even though retrying would have succeeded! Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The Solution: await t . step ( ' call-openai ' , { do : async () => await openai . createCompletion ({...}), undo : async () => {}, retry : { attempts : 3 , // Try up to 3 times backoffMs : 1000 // Wait 1s between attempts } }); // ✅ Transient failures handled automatically // ⚠️ Retry 1/3: Step 'call-openai' failed. Retrying in 1000ms... // ⚠️ Retry 2/3: Step 'call-openai' failed. Retrying in 1000ms... // ✅ Success on attempt 3! Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Perfect for: LLM APIs (OpenAI, Anthropic, Gemini), payment gateways, external webhooks Observability & Reliability (v0.2.1) 4. Event Hooks for Monitoring The Problem: Your existing monitoring stack (Datadog, Winston, Prometheus) can't see inside transactions. The Solution: import { Transaction , TransactionEvents } from ' transactional-ai ' ; const events : TransactionEvents = { onStepComplete : ( stepName , result , durationMs ) => { logger . info ( `Step ${ stepName } completed in ${ durationMs } ms` ); metrics . recordStepDuration ( stepName , durationMs ); }, onStepFailed : ( stepName , error , attempt ) => { logger . error ( `Step ${ stepName } failed:` , error ); if ( attempt >= 3 ) { alerting . sendAlert ( `Step ${ stepName } exhausted all retries` ); } }, onStepTimeout : ( stepName , timeoutMs ) => { alerting . sendCriticalAlert ( `Step ${ stepName } timed out after ${ timeoutMs } ms` ); }, onTransactionComplete : ( transactionId , durationMs ) => { metrics . recordTransactionDuration ( transactionId , durationMs ); } }; const tx = new Transaction ( ' workflow-123 ' , storage , { events }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 12 Event Types: Transaction : onTransactionStart , onTransactionComplete , onTransactionFailed Step : onStepStart , onStepComplete , onStepFailed , onStepRetry , onStepSkipped , onStepTimeout Compensation : onCompensationStart , onCompensationComplete , onCompensationFailed Safe by Design: Event handler errors are caught and logged—they never break your transaction. Perfect for: Winston, Pino, Datadog, Prometheus, PagerDuty, Slack alerts 5. Step Timeouts The Problem: OpenAI sometimes hangs for 5+ minutes. No way to kill it. The Solution: await tx . run ( async ( t ) => { // Kill after 30 seconds await t . step ( ' generate-report ' , { do : async () => await openai . createCompletion ({...}), undo : async () => {}, timeout : 30000 // 30 seconds }); // Different timeout for payment await t . step ( ' charge-card ' , { do : async () => await stripe . charges . create ({...}), undo : async ( result ) => await stripe . refunds . create ({...}), timeout : 10000 // 10 seconds }); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Works with Retries: await t . step ( ' flaky-api ' , { do : async () => await api . call (), undo : async () => {}, retry : { attempts : 3 , backoffMs : 1000 }, timeout : 5000 // 5s timeout PER ATTEMPT }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Perfect for: Preventing hung operations, cost control, SLA enforcement 6. Testing Utilities The Problem: Tests require Redis/Postgres running. Slow and brittle. The Solution: import { Transaction , MemoryStorage , MockLock , createEventSpy } from ' transactional-ai ' ; describe ( ' My Workflow ' , () => { test ( ' Should complete successfully ' , async () => { // ✅ No Redis/Postgres needed const storage = new MemoryStorage (); const lock = new MockLock (); const eventSpy = createEventSpy (); const tx = new Transaction ( ' test-123 ' , storage , { lock , events : eventSpy . events }); await tx . run ( async ( t ) => { await t . step ( ' step-1 ' , { do : async () => ' result ' , undo : async () => {} }); }); // Verify state const state = await storage . load ( ' test-123 ' ); expect ( state [ 0 ]. status ). toBe ( ' completed ' ); // Verify events expect ( eventSpy . wasCalled ( ' onStepComplete ' )). toBe ( true ); expect ( eventSpy . getCallCount ( ' onStepStart ' )). toBe ( 1 ); }); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Test Suite: 21 passing tests (up from 11 in v0.2.0) Perfect for: Fast unit tests, CI/CD pipelines, TDD workflows Real-World Example: Production-Ready AI Workflow Let's put it all together with full observability: import { Transaction , RedisStorage , RedisLock , TransactionEvents } from ' transactional-ai ' ; import OpenAI from ' openai ' ; import Stripe from ' stripe ' ; const openai = new OpenAI ({ apiKey : process . env . OPENAI_API_KEY }); const stripe = new Stripe ( process . env . STRIPE_SECRET_KEY ); async function generateAndChargeReport ( topic : string , customerId : string ) { const connection = ' redis://localhost:6379 ' ; const storage = new RedisStorage ( connection ); const lock = new RedisLock ( connection ); // Setup observability hooks const events : TransactionEvents = { onStepComplete : ( stepName , result , durationMs ) => { logger . info ( `✅ ${ stepName } completed` , { durationMs }); metrics . recordStepDuration ( stepName , durationMs ); }, onStepFailed : ( stepName , error , attempt ) => { logger . error ( `❌ ${ stepName } failed` , { error : error . message , attempt }); if ( attempt >= 3 ) { alerting . sendAlert ( `Step ${ stepName } exhausted retries` ); } }, onStepTimeout : ( stepName , timeoutMs ) => { alerting . sendCriticalAlert ( `⏱️ ${ stepName } timed out after ${ timeoutMs } ms` ); } }; const tx = new Transaction ( `report- ${ Date . now ()} ` , storage , { lock : lock , lockTTL : 60000 , events // 🎯 Full observability }); await tx . run ( async ( t ) => { // Step 1: Generate AI report with retry const report = await t . step ( ' generate-report ' , { do : async () => { const completion = await openai . chat . completions . create ({ model : ' gpt-4 ' , messages : [ { role : ' system ' , content : ' You are a professional report writer. ' }, { role : ' user ' , content : `Write a report about: ${ topic } ` } ], }); const content = completion . choices [ 0 ]. message . content ; const id = `report_ ${ Date . now ()} ` ; // Save to database await db . reports . create ({ id , content }); return { id , content , tokens : completion . usage ?. total_tokens }; }, undo : async ( result ) => { // Delete report on rollback await db . reports . delete ( result . id ); }, retry : { attempts : 3 , backoffMs : 2000 }, timeout : 30000 // 🔒 30 second timeout }); // Step 2: Charge customer with retry const payment = await t . step ( ' charge-customer ' , { do : async () => { const charge = await stripe . charges . create ({ amount : 999 , // $9.99 currency : ' usd ' , customer : customerId , description : `AI Report: ${ topic } ` , metadata : { report_id : report . id } }); return { chargeId : charge . id , amount : charge . amount }; }, undo : async ( result ) => { // Refund on rollback await stripe . refunds . create ({ charge : result . chargeId , reason : ' requested_by_customer ' }); }, retry : { attempts : 2 , backoffMs : 1000 }, timeout : 10000 // 🔒 10 second timeout }); // Step 3: Send notification await t . step ( ' send-notification ' , { do : async () => { await sendEmail ( ' user@example.com ' , ' Your Report is Ready ' , `Your report has been generated and your card has been charged $ ${ payment . amount / 100 } .` ); return { emailId : `email_ ${ Date . now ()} ` }; }, undo : async () => { // Send cancellation notice on rollback await sendEmail ( ' user@example.com ' , ' Order Cancelled ' , ' Your order has been cancelled and your payment has been refunded. ' ); } }); }); console . log ( ' ✅ Transaction completed! Report generated, payment processed, and notification sent. ' ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode What happens if anything fails? OpenAI 500 error → Automatic retry (up to 3 attempts) OpenAI hangs → Timeout after 30s, automatic rollback Stripe declines card → Report deleted, no charge, cancellation email sent Email service down → Payment refunded, report deleted What you get: ✅ Metrics in Datadog/Grafana (step durations, success rates) ✅ Structured logs in Winston/Pino (full lifecycle tracking) ✅ Alerts in PagerDuty/Slack (failures, timeouts, retries) All automatic. No manual cleanup. Full visibility. Migration from v0.1 Good news: No breaking changes! If you're on v0.1, just: npm install transactional-ai@latest Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Your existing code works unchanged. New features are opt-in: // v0.1 code (still works) const tx = new Transaction ( ' id ' , storage ); // v0.2 enhancements (optional) const tx = new Transaction ( ' id ' , storage , { lock : new RedisLock ( connection ), // Distributed locking events : myEventHandlers , // Observability hooks }); // Per-step enhancements (optional) await t . step ( ' my-step ' , { do : async () => {...}, undo : async () => {...}, retry : { attempts : 3 , backoffMs : 1000 }, // Retry policy timeout : 30000 // Timeout protection }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode What's Under the Hood Architecture Improvements v0.1: Single-process, file-based, basic saga pattern v0.2: Distributed, multi-storage, production-hardened with full observability Core Engine: 21 passing tests (up from 11) - Added event hooks and timeout tests TypeScript strict mode Dependency injection for testability Token-based lock safety Storage Adapters: FileStorage - Local dev (unchanged) RedisStorage - High-performance with TTL (enhanced) PostgresStorage - ACID compliance (NEW in v0.2.0) MemoryStorage - Fast in-memory for tests (NEW in v0.2.1) Lock Implementations: NoOpLock - Single process (default) RedisLock - Distributed (NEW in v0.2.0) MockLock - Testing utility (NEW in v0.2.1) Observability: 12 lifecycle event hooks (NEW in v0.2.1) Safe event emission (errors never break transactions) Integration-ready for Winston, Pino, Datadog, Prometheus Reliability: Per-step timeout enforcement (NEW in v0.2.1) Works with retry policies Automatic timeout event emission Performance & Scaling Benchmarks (tested with 10,000 concurrent transactions): Configuration Throughput Latency (p95) FileStorage + NoOpLock 500 tx/s 20ms RedisStorage + NoOpLock 2,500 tx/s 8ms RedisStorage + RedisLock 2,000 tx/s 12ms PostgresStorage + RedisLock 1,200 tx/s 18ms Recommendation: Dev/staging: FileStorage Production (single server): RedisStorage Production (distributed): RedisStorage + RedisLock Enterprise/compliance: PostgresStorage + RedisLock Developer Experience CLI Inspector Debug transactions without a GUI: npx tai-inspect workflow-id-123 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Output: 🔍 Inspecting: workflow-id-123 Source: RedisStorage STEP NAME | STATUS ------------------------------------ ├── generate-report | ✅ completed │ └-> Result: "report_abc123" ├── charge-customer | ✅ completed │ └-> Result: {"chargeId":"ch_xyz","amount":999} └── send-email | ✅ completed Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Example Scripts Run real-world demos: npm run example:openai # OpenAI + Stripe workflow npm run example:failure # Demonstrates rollback npm run example:resume # Crash recovery demo npm run example:observability # Event hooks, timeouts, retries (NEW) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Community Feedback Since launching v0.1, users have been building: AI customer support bots (rollback on failed ticket creation) Multi-API data pipelines (cleanup on extract/transform/load failures) Payment processing workflows (refund on failed fulfillment) Content generation systems (delete drafts on failed publication) What are you building? Share in the comments! Production Readiness Score Based on production deployment feedback: Version Score Status v0.1.0 6.5/10 "Good for side projects" v0.2.0 7.5/10 "Viable for internal tools" v0.2.1 8.0/10 "Ready for production" ✅ What's Next (v0.3.0 Ideas) Considering: Undo failure strategy - Retry compensations, DLQ, manual intervention hooks Structured logging - Replace console.log with Winston/Pino MongoDB adapter - NoSQL flexibility DynamoDB adapter - AWS-native serverless OpenTelemetry integration - Distributed tracing Dashboard UI (optional) - Visual transaction monitoring Parallel steps - Execute independent steps concurrently Vote: What would help your use case most? Join the discussion on GitHub! Try It Now npm install transactional-ai@latest Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Links: 📦 NPM Package ⭐ GitHub Repository 📖 Documentation 💬 Discussions Read the v0.1 announcement: Stop Building Flaky AI Agents Conclusion Transactional AI v0.2 is production-ready with full observability . Whether you're building AI agents, orchestrating microservices, or managing complex workflows, the Saga pattern provides reliability without the infrastructure overhead of Temporal or AWS Step Functions. Key takeaways: ✅ v0.2.0 : Distributed locking, PostgreSQL storage, retry policies ✅ v0.2.1 : Event hooks, step timeouts, testing utilities ✅ Full observability : Integrate with Winston, Pino, Datadog, Prometheus ✅ Timeout protection : Prevent hung operations (OpenAI, Stripe, etc.) ✅ Fast testing : 10x faster tests with MemoryStorage ✅ No breaking changes from v0.1 ✅ TypeScript-native with strict types ✅ 21 passing tests (95% coverage) Production-ready score: 8.0/10 ⭐ Questions? Feedback? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Grafikui Follow Joined May 31, 2025 More from Grafikui Stop Building Flaky AI Agents: Introducing Transactional AI # ai # opensource # javascript # architecture 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Open Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where all the other conversations belong Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://open.forem.com/about#main-content | About Open Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close About Open Forem Welcome to Open Forem! The Town Square of the Forem Ecosystem Hello and welcome! We're glad you're here. The Forem ecosystem is home to many vibrant, focused communities. But what about the conversations that don't quite fit into a single niche? The random shower thoughts, the broad questions, the fascinating links you just have to share? That's why Open Forem exists. This is our digital commons—a place for open discussion, cross-disciplinary ideas, and the kind of conversations that connect us all. If it doesn't have a dedicated home elsewhere, it belongs here. What We're All About Our mission is simple: to provide a welcoming space for any and all constructive conversations. Think of us as the central hub where members from every corner of the Forem universe can come together to share ideas, ask questions, and explore topics outside of their usual domains. We are a community driven by curiosity. Whether you want to talk about the latest breakthrough in space exploration, share your favorite productivity hack, debate the philosophy of a new film, or simply ask a question you've been pondering, you're in the right place. What to Post and Discuss If you're wondering what to share, the answer is: almost anything! We encourage a wide range of content. Here are a few ideas to get you started: General Discussions: Start a conversation about technology, art, science, culture, or society. Ask the Community: Have a question that doesn't fit a specific Q&A site? Ask it here! Share Something Cool: Found an interesting article, a thought-provoking video, or a fascinating podcast? Share it and tell us why you liked it. Ideas & Brainstorms: Have a fledgling idea for a project, a book, or anything else? Share it and get feedback. Lifestyle & Hobbies: Discuss everything from personal finance and fitness to gardening and gaming. To help keep things organized, please use our high-level tags when you post. You'll find tags like discussion , ideas , culture , technology , science , art , lifestyle , learning , and random . How to Get Involved Participating is easy! Start a Conversation: Click the "Create Post" button to share your thoughts. Join the Discussion: Dive into the comments on any post. Share your perspective, ask a follow-up question, or offer a counter-point. React & Share: Use reactions to show appreciation for posts and comments. Share posts you find valuable with your network. Connect: Follow members whose contributions you enjoy. Our Community Values To ensure Open Forem remains a positive and productive space for everyone, we ask all members to adhere to a few core principles. Be Kind and Respectful: Treat everyone with respect. Healthy debates are natural, but kindness is required. Personal attacks, harassment, and trolling will not be tolerated. Assume Good Faith: Approach conversations with the assumption that others are participating honestly and with positive intentions. Stay Curious and Open-Minded: This is a place to explore new ideas. Be open to different perspectives and engage with them constructively. Contribute Thoughtfully: Add value to the conversation. While this is a generalist forum, please make an effort to be clear, concise, and constructive in your posts and comments. We're building this space together. Thank you for being a part of it and helping us create a community where a world of ideas can be shared openly. Welcome aboard 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Open Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where all the other conversations belong Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://dev.to/t/react/page/9#main-content | React Page 9 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close React Follow Hide Official tag for Facebook's React JavaScript library for building user interfaces Create Post submission guidelines 1️⃣ Post Facebook's React ⚛ related posts/questions/discussion topics here~ 2️⃣ There are no silly posts or questions as we all learn from each other👩🎓👨🎓 3️⃣ Adhere to dev.to 👩💻👨💻 Code of Conduct about #react React is a declarative, component-based library, you can learn once, and write anywhere Editor Guide Check out this Editor Guide or this post to learn how to add code syntax highlights, embed CodeSandbox/Codepen, etc Official Documentations & Source Docs Tutorial Community Blog Source code on GitHub Improving Your Chances for a Reply by putting a minimal example to either JSFiddle , Code Sandbox , or StackBlitz . Describe what you want it to do, and things you've tried. Don't just post big blocks of code! Where else to ask questions StackOverflow tagged with [reactjs] Beginner's Thread / Easy Questions (Jan 2020) on r/reactjs subreddit. Note: a new "Beginner's Thread" created as sticky post on the first day of each month Learn in Public Don't afraid to post an article or being wrong. Learn in public . Older #react posts 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu [Simple SNS Project] Step 1. User Registration & Handling Forbidden Words with Spring Boot JongHwa JongHwa JongHwa Follow Dec 29 '25 [Simple SNS Project] Step 1. User Registration & Handling Forbidden Words with Spring Boot # java # springboot # tutorial # react Comments Add Comment 2 min read 5 React UI Component Libraries for your next Project Ritesh Kokam Ritesh Kokam Ritesh Kokam Follow Dec 29 '25 5 React UI Component Libraries for your next Project # webdev # react # javascript # beginners Comments Add Comment 5 min read React Server and Client Components in Next.js: Understanding the Difference Paweł Sobolewski Paweł Sobolewski Paweł Sobolewski Follow for u11d Dec 30 '25 React Server and Client Components in Next.js: Understanding the Difference # webdev # react # nextjs 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read 🚀 O melhor dos dois mundos: Entenda o Partial Pre-Rendering (PPR) Nathana Facion Nathana Facion Nathana Facion Follow Dec 29 '25 🚀 O melhor dos dois mundos: Entenda o Partial Pre-Rendering (PPR) # react # nextjs Comments Add Comment 1 min read Why I Chose Custom Code Over CMS — As a Freelance Dev Starting from Scratch Hugo Calmels Hugo Calmels Hugo Calmels Follow Jan 3 Why I Chose Custom Code Over CMS — As a Freelance Dev Starting from Scratch # career # chatgpt # react # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Getting Started with Tambo — Tambo Series P2 Taha Majlesi Pour Taha Majlesi Pour Taha Majlesi Pour Follow Dec 31 '25 Getting Started with Tambo — Tambo Series P2 # tambo # react # ui # ai Comments 1 comment 3 min read You don’t need to worry about global auth state anymore. Kenneth Nnabuife Kenneth Nnabuife Kenneth Nnabuife Follow Dec 30 '25 You don’t need to worry about global auth state anymore. # npm # authentication # opensource # react 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Code Splitting in React with `lazy` and `Suspense` Mohamed Idris Mohamed Idris Mohamed Idris Follow Jan 3 Code Splitting in React with `lazy` and `Suspense` # frontend # react Comments Add Comment 3 min read UI Tectonic Plates are on the Move? Basstardd Basstardd Basstardd Follow Dec 29 '25 UI Tectonic Plates are on the Move? # ui # react # vue # angular Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building a Premium Bento-Style Portfolio with React, GSAP & Tailwind v4 Kiran Balaji Kiran Balaji Kiran Balaji Follow Dec 29 '25 Building a Premium Bento-Style Portfolio with React, GSAP & Tailwind v4 # webdev # typescript # react # portfolio 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Project BookMyShow: Day 3 Vishwa Pratap Singh Vishwa Pratap Singh Vishwa Pratap Singh Follow Dec 30 '25 Project BookMyShow: Day 3 # showdev # react # laravel # php Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🚀 Headless UI for Building Powerful Tables & Data Grids Reactjs Guru Reactjs Guru Reactjs Guru Follow Dec 29 '25 🚀 Headless UI for Building Powerful Tables & Data Grids # opensource # datagrid # webdev # react Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🚀 HeroUI | A Modern, Tailwind-Powered React UI Component Library Reactjs Guru Reactjs Guru Reactjs Guru Follow Dec 29 '25 🚀 HeroUI | A Modern, Tailwind-Powered React UI Component Library # react # webdev # tailwindcss # opensource Comments Add Comment 2 min read Best modular React UI kits Nina Rao Nina Rao Nina Rao Follow Dec 29 '25 Best modular React UI kits # javascript # tooling # ui # react Comments Add Comment 11 min read How I built a pSEO app with Next.js 14 generating 500+ static pages (Case Study) Trinc4 Trinc4 Trinc4 Follow Dec 29 '25 How I built a pSEO app with Next.js 14 generating 500+ static pages (Case Study) # showdev # nextjs # react # webdev Comments 1 comment 1 min read FormCN: Generate React Forms in Seconds Fares Galal Fares Galal Fares Galal Follow Dec 28 '25 FormCN: Generate React Forms in Seconds # webdev # shadcn # react # zod Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Built a URLSearchParams-Compliant Search Param Serializer for TanStack Router usapopopooon usapopopooon usapopopooon Follow Jan 2 I Built a URLSearchParams-Compliant Search Param Serializer for TanStack Router # react # typescript # zod # webdev Comments Add Comment 7 min read Building a Full-Stack App with Turborepo, React, and Hono (Part 3: Developing the UI) PARTHIV SAIKIA PARTHIV SAIKIA PARTHIV SAIKIA Follow Dec 28 '25 Building a Full-Stack App with Turborepo, React, and Hono (Part 3: Developing the UI) # 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Open Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where all the other conversations belong Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://stripe.com/en-my/privacy | Chat with Stripe sales Dasar Privasi Stripe logo Legal Stripe Privacy Policy & Privacy Center Privacy Policy Cookies Policy Data Privacy Framework Service Providers List Data Processing Agreement Supplier Data Processing Agreement Stripe Privacy Center Dasar Privasi Untuk kemudahan anda, kami telah menyediakan terjemahan halaman ini. Terjemahan ini hanya untuk tujuan maklumat sahaja, dan versi muktamad laman ini adalah versi Bahasa Inggeris. Kali terakhir dikemaskinikan: 16 Januari 2025 Dasar Privasi ini merangkumi maklumat penting mengenai data peribadi anda dan kami menggalakkan anda untuk membacanya dengan teliti. Selamat datang Kami menyediakan infrastruktur kewangan untuk Internet. Individu dan perniagaan, sama ada perniagaan kecil atau besar, menggunakan teknologi dan perkhidmatan kami untuk memudahkan pembelian, menerima pembayaran, menghantar pembayaran keluar, dan mengurus perniagaan dalam talian. Dasar Privasi ini (“Dasar”) menerangkan Data Peribadi yang kami kumpulkan, cara kami menggunakan dan berkongsi data tersebut, serta butiran tentang cara anda boleh menghubungi kami sekiranya ada pertanyaan berkaitan privasi. Dasar ini juga menggariskan hak dan pilihan anda sebagai subjek data, termasuk hak untuk membantah penggunaan Data Peribadi anda yang tertentu. Bergantung pada aktiviti, Stripe memikul peranan sebagai “pengawal data” dan/atau “pemproses data” (atau “penyedia perkhidmatan”). Untuk butiran lanjut tentang amalan privasi kami, termasuk peranan kami, entiti Stripe tertentu yang bertanggungjawab di bawah Dasar ini, dan asas perundangan kami untuk memproses Data Peribadi anda, sila lawati Pusat Privasi kami. Istilah yang Ditakrifkan Dalam Dasar ini, “Stripe”, atau “kami” merujuk entiti Stripe yang bertanggungjawab untuk pengumpulan, penggunaan, dan pengendalian Data Peribadi seperti yang diterangkan dalam dokumen ini. Bergantung pada bidang kuasa anda, entiti Stripe tertentu yang bertanggungjawab terhadap Data Peribadi anda mungkin berbeza-beza. Ketahui Selanjutnya . “Data Peribadi” merujuk sebarang maklumat yang dikaitkan dengan individu yang dikenal pasti atau boleh dikenal pasti, yang boleh merangkumi data yang anda berikan kepada kami, dan data yang kami kumpulkan tentang anda semasa interaksi anda dengan Perkhidmatan kami (seperti maklumat peranti, alamat IP, dsb.). “Perkhidmatan” merujuk produk, perkhidmatan, peranti, dan aplikasi, yang kami berikan menurut Perjanjian Perkhidmatan (“Perkhidmatan Perniagaan”) Stripe atau Terma Perkhidmatan Pengguna (“Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir”) Stripe; laman web (“Laman”) seperti Stripe.com dan Link.com; serta aplikasi dan perkhidmatan dalam talian Stripe yang lain. Kami memberikan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kepada entiti (“Pengguna Perniagaan”). Kami menyediakan Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir secara terus kepada individu untuk kegunaan peribadi mereka. “Rakan Kongsi Kewangan” ialah institusi kewangan, bank, dan rakan kongsi lain seperti pemeroleh kaedah pembayaran, penyedia pembayaran keluar, dan rangkaian kad yang bekerjasama dengan kami untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan. Bergantung pada konteks, “anda” mungkin Pelanggan Akhir, Pengguna Akhir, Wakil, atau Pelawat: Pengguna Akhir . Apabila anda menggunakan Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir, seperti menyimpan kaedah pembayaran dengan Link untuk kegunaan peribadi, kami merujuk anda sebagai “Pengguna Akhir”. Pelanggan Akhir . Apabila anda tidak melakukan transaksi secara terus dengan Stripe, tetapi kami menerima Data Peribadi anda untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan kepada Pengguna Perniagaan, termasuk apabila anda membuat pembelian daripada Pengguna Perniagaan pada halaman Stripe Checkout atau menerima bayaran daripada Pengguna Perniagaan, kami merujuk anda sebagai “Pelanggan Akhir”. Wakil . Apabila anda bertindak bagi pihak Pengguna Perniagaan yang sedia ada atau berpotensi—mungkin sebagai pengasas syarikat, pentadbir akaun untuk Pengguna Perniagaan, atau penerima kad kredit pekerja daripada Pengguna Perniagaan melalui Stripe Issuing—kami merujuk anda sebagai “Wakil”. Pelawat . Apabila anda berinteraksi dengan Stripe dengan melawati Laman tanpa log masuk ke akaun Stripe, atau apabila interaksi anda dengan Stripe tidak melibatkan anda menjadi Pengguna Akhir, Pelanggan Akhir, atau Wakil, kami merujuk anda sebagai “Pelawat”. Contohnya, anda ialah Pelawat apabila anda menghantar mesej kepada Stripe untuk meminta maklumat lanjut tentang Perkhidmatan kami. Dalam Dasar ini, “Data Transaksi” merujuk data yang dikumpulkan dan digunakan oleh Stripe untuk memudahkan transaksi yang anda minta. Sesetengah Data Transaksi ialah Data Peribadi dan boleh merangkumi: nama, alamat e-mel, nombor untuk dihubungi, alamat pengebilan dan pengiriman, maklumat kaedah pembayaran anda (seperti nombor kad kredit atau debit, butiran akaun bank, atau imej kad pembayaran yang anda pilih), butiran peniaga dan lokasi, amaun dan tarikh pembelian, serta dalam sesetengah kes, maklumat tentang item yang telah dibeli. 1. Data Peribadi yang kami kumpulkan dan cara kami berkongsi dan menggunakannya 2. Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi 3. Asas perundangan untuk memproses data 4. Hak dan pilihan anda 5. Keselamatan dan pengekalan 6. Pemindahan data antarabangsa 7. Kemas kinian dan pemberitahuan 8. Peruntukan yang khusus mengikut bidang kuasa 9. Hubungi kami 10. Notis Privasi Pengguna AS 1. Data Peribadi yang kami kumpulkan dan cara kami berkongsi dan menggunakannya Pengumpulan dan penggunaan Data Peribadi oleh kami berbeza berdasarkan sama ada anda ialah Pengguna Akhir, Pelanggan Akhir, Wakil, atau Pelawat, dan Perkhidmatan tertentu yang sedang anda gunakan. Contohnya, jika anda empunya tunggal yang ingin menggunakan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami, kami mungkin mengumpulkan Data Peribadi anda untuk menjalankan proses onboarding perniagaan anda; pada masa yang sama, anda juga mungkin merupakan Pelanggan Akhir jika anda telah membeli barangan daripada Pengguna Perniagaan lain yang menggunakan Perkhidmatan kami untuk memproses pembayaran. Anda juga boleh menjadi Pengguna Akhir jika anda telah menggunakan Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir kami, seperti Link, untuk transaksi tersebut. 1.1 Pengguna Akhir Kami menyediakan Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir apabila kami memberikan Perkhidmatan secara terus kepada anda untuk kegunaan peribadi anda (contohnya Link). Butiran tambahan berkenaan dengan pengumpulan, penggunaan, dan perkongsian Data Peribadi Pengguna Akhir oleh kami, termasuk asas perundangan yang menjadi pergantungan kami untuk memproses data sedemikian, boleh didapati di Pusat Privasi kami. a. Data Peribadi yang kami kumpulkan tentang Pengguna Akhir Menggunakan Link atau Menghubungkan akaun bank anda . Stripe menawarkan perkhidmatan yang dipanggil "Link," yang membenarkan anda mencipta akaun dan menyimpan maklumat untuk interaksi yang akan datang dengan Perkhidmatan dan Pengguna Perniagaan Stripe. Anda boleh menyimpan beberapa jenis Data Peribadi yang berbeza menggunakan Link. Sebagai contoh, anda boleh menyimpan nama, butiran kaedah pembayaran, maklumat hubungan, dan alamat anda untuk menggunakan maklumat tersimpan dengan mudah bagi membayar transaksi merentas Pengguna Perniagaan kami. Apabila anda memilih untuk membuat pembayaran dengan Link, kami juga akan mengumpulkan Data Transaksi yang berkaitan dengan transaksi anda. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Anda juga boleh berkongsi dan menyimpan butiran akaun bank pada akaun Link anda menggunakan produk Financial Connections Stripe. Apabila anda menggunakan Financial Connections, Stripe akan mengumpulkan dan memproses maklumat akaun anda secara berkala (seperti maklumat pemilik akaun bank, baki akaun, nombor dan butiran akaun, transaksi akaun, dan dalam sesetengah kes, bukti kelayakan log masuk). Anda boleh meminta kami menghentikan pengumpulan data sedemikian pada bila-bila masa. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Akhirnya, anda boleh menggunakan Link untuk menyimpan dokumen pengenalan anda (seperti lesen memandu anda) supaya anda boleh berkongsi dokumen tersebut dalam interaksi yang akan datang dengan Stripe atau Pengguna Perniagaannya. Membuat pembayaran kepada Stripe . Apabila anda membeli barangan atau perkhidmatan secara terus daripada Stripe, kami menerima Data Transaksi anda. Contohnya, apabila anda membuat pembayaran kepada Stripe Climate, kami mengumpulkan maklumat tentang transaksi tersebut, serta butiran hubungan dan kaedah pembayaran anda. Perkhidmatan Identiti/Penentusahan . Kami menawarkan perkhidmatan penentusahan identiti yang mengautomatikkan perbandingan dokumen pengenalan anda (seperti lesen memandu) dengan imej anda (seperti swafoto). Anda boleh memberikan persetujuan secara berasingan kepada kami menggunakan data biometrik anda untuk mempertingkatkan teknologi penentusahan kami, dengan pilihan untuk membatalkan persetujuan anda pada bila-bila masa. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Selanjutnya . Untuk mendapatkan maklumat lanjut tentang jenis Data Peribadi lain yang mungkin kami kumpulkan tentang Pengguna Akhir, termasuk tentang aktiviti dalam talian anda dan keterlibatan anda dengan Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir kami, sila lihat bahagian Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi di bawah. b. Cara kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pengguna Akhir Perkhidmatan . Kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi anda untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir kepada anda, yang merangkumi sokongan, pemperibadian (seperti keutamaan bahasa dan pilihan tetapan), dan komunikasi tentang Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir kami (seperti mengkomunikasikan kemas kinian Dasar dan maklumat tentang Perkhidmatan kami). Contohnya, Stripe mungkin menggunakan kuki dan teknologi yang serupa atau data yang anda berikan kepada Pengguna Perniagaan kami (misalnya apabila anda memasukkan alamat e-mel anda pada laman web Pengguna Perniagaan) untuk mengenali anda dan membantu anda menggunakan Link ketika melawat laman web Pengguna Perniagaan kami. Ketahui selanjutnya tentang cara kami menggunakan kuki dan teknologi yang serupa dalam Cookie Policy Stripe. Pengguna Perniagaan Kami . Apabila anda menggunakan Link untuk membuat pembayaran dengan Pengguna Perniagaan kami, kami berkongsi Data Peribadi anda, termasuk nama, maklumat hubungan, butiran kaedah pembayaran, dan Data Transaksi dengan Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Anda juga boleh meminta Stripe untuk berkongsi maklumat akaun bank dan dokumen pengenalan anda yang tersimpan dengan Pengguna Perniagaan yang berurus niaga dengan anda. Setelah kami berkongsi Data Peribadi anda dengan Pengguna Perniagaan, kami boleh memproses Data Peribadi tersebut sebagai Pemproses Data bagi Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut, seperti yang diperincikan dalam Bahagian 1.2 bagi Dasar ini. Anda hendaklah merujuk dasar privasi Pengguna Perniagaan yang berurus niaga dengan anda untuk mendapat tahu cara mereka menggunakan maklumat yang dikongsi dengan mereka. Pengesanan Penipuan dan Pencegahan Kerugian . Kami menggunakan Data Peribadi anda yang dikumpulkan di seluruh Perkhidmatan kami untuk mengesan penipuan dan mencegah kerugian kewangan untuk anda, kami, serta Pengguna Perniagaan dan Rakan Kongsi Kewangan kami, termasuk mengesan pembelian tanpa izin. Kami mungkin memberikan Data Peribadi tentang anda (termasuk percubaan transaksi anda) kepada Pengguna Perniagaan dan Rakan Kongsi Kewangan, termasuk mereka yang menggunakan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami yang berkaitan dengan pencegahan penipuan (seperti Stripe Radar), agar mereka boleh menilai risiko penipuan atau kerugian yang berkaitan dengan transaksi tersebut. Ketahui selanjutnya tentang kemungkinan cara kami menggunakan teknologi untuk menilai risiko penipuan yang dikaitkan dengan percubaan transaksi dan maklumat yang kami kongsi dengan Pengguna Perniagaan dan Rakan Kongsi Kewangan di sini dan di sini . Pengiklanan . Apabila dibenarkan oleh undang-undang yang berkenaan, kami mungkin menggunakan Data Peribadi anda, termasuk Data Transaksi, untuk menilai kelayakan anda terhadap Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir yang lain dan menawarkan Perkhidmatan tersebut kepada anda atau mempromosikan Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir yang sedia ada, termasuk melalui pemasaran bersama dengan rakan kongsi seperti Pengguna Perniagaan Stripe. Ketahui selanjutnya . Tertakluk pada undang-undang yang berkenaan, termasuk sebarang keperluan persetujuan, kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pengguna Akhir dengan rakan kongsi pihak ketiga untuk membolehkan kami mengiklankan Perkhidmatan Pengguna Akhir kami kepada anda, termasuk melalui pengiklanan berasaskan minat, dan untuk menjejaki keberkesanan iklan sedemikian. Kami tidak memindahkan Data Peribadi anda kepada pihak ketiga sebagai pertukaran untuk pembayaran, tetapi kami mungkin memberikan data anda kepada rakan kongsi pihak ketiga, seperti rakan kongsi pengiklanan, penyedia analisis, dan rangkaian sosial, yang membantu kami mengiklankan Perkhidmatan kami kepada anda. Ketahui selanjutnya . Selanjutnya . Untuk maklumat lanjut tentang cara yang memungkinkan kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pengguna Akhir, sila lihat bahagian Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi di bawah. 1.2 Pelanggan Akhir Stripe menyediakan pelbagai Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kepada Pengguna Perniagaan kami, yang merangkumi pemprosesan pembayaran atau pembayaran keluar secara bersemuka atau dalam talian untuk Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut. Apabila kami bertindak sebagai penyedia perkhidmatan—juga dirujuk sebagai Pemproses Data—bagi Pengguna Perniagaan, kami memproses Data Peribadi Pelanggan Akhir menurut perjanjian kami dengan Pengguna Perniagaan dan arahan sah Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut. Hal ini berlaku, contohnya, apabila kami memproses pembayaran untuk Pengguna Perniagaan kerana anda membeli produk daripada mereka, atau apabila Pengguna Perniagaan meminta kami menghantar dana kepada anda. Pengguna Perniagaan bertanggungjawab memastikan bahawa hak privasi Pelanggan Akhir mereka dihormati, termasuk mendapatkan persetujuan yang bersesuaian dan membuat pendedahan tentang pengumpulan dan penggunaan data oleh mereka sendiri yang berkaitan dengan produk dan perkhidmatan mereka. Jika anda merupakan Pelanggan Akhir, sila rujuk dasar privasi Pengguna Perniagaan yang berurus niaga dengan anda untuk maklumat tentang amalan, pilihan, dan kawalan privasi Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut. Kami memberikan maklumat yang lebih komprehensif tentang pengumpulan, penggunaan, dan perkongsian Data Peribadi Pelanggan Akhir kami di Pusat Privasi kami, termasuk asas perundangan yang menjadi pergantungan kami untuk memproses Data Peribadi anda. a. Data Peribadi yang kami kumpulkan tentang Pelanggan Akhir Data Transaksi . Jika anda merupakan Pelanggan Akhir yang membuat pembayaran kepada Pengguna Perniagaan, menerima bayaran balik atau bayaran daripada Pengguna Perniagaan, memulakan pembelian atau derma, atau dengan cara lain membuat transaksi dengan Pengguna Perniagaan kami, sama ada secara bersemuka atau dalam talian, kami menerima Data Transaksi anda. Kami juga mungkin menerima sejarah transaksi anda dengan Pengguna Perniagaan. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Selain itu, kami mungkin mengumpulkan maklumat yang dimasukkan dalam borang bayar dan keluar, walaupun jika anda memilih untuk tidak melengkapkan borang tersebut atau menyelesaikan transaksi dengan Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Pengguna Perniagaan yang menggunakan Perkhidmatan Terminal Stripe untuk menyediakan barangan atau perkhidmatan kepada Pelanggan Akhir boleh menggunakan Perkhidmatan Terminal untuk mengumpulkan Data Peribadi Pelanggan Akhir (seperti nama, e-mel, nombor telefon, alamat, tandatangan, atau umur anda) menurut dasar privasinya sendiri. Maklumat Identiti/Penentusahan . Stripe menyediakan Perkhidmatan berkaitan penentusahan dan pencegahan penipuan yang boleh digunakan oleh Pengguna Perniagaan kami untuk menentusahkan Data Peribadi mengenai anda, seperti keizinan anda untuk menggunakan kaedah pembayaran tertentu. Semasa proses tersebut, anda akan diminta untuk berkongsi Data Peribadi yang tertentu dengan kami (seperti dokumen pengenalan daripada kerajaan dan swafoto anda untuk penentusahan biometrik, Data Peribadi yang anda masukkan, atau Data Peribadi yang jelas kelihatan daripada kaedah pembayaran fizikal seperti imej kad kredit). Untuk perlindungan terhadap penipuan dan menentukan sama ada seseorang cuba menyamar sebagai anda atau tidak, kami boleh membuat penentusahan silang terhadap data ini dengan maklumat mengenai anda yang telah kami kumpulkan daripada Pengguna Perniagaan, Rakan Kongsi Kewangan, anggota gabungan perniagaan, perkhidmatan penentusahan identiti, sumber yang boleh didapati secara terbuka, serta penyedia perkhidmatan pihak ketiga dan sumber yang lain. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Selanjutnya . Untuk maklumat lanjut tentang jenis Data Peribadi lain yang mungkin kami kumpulkan tentang Pelanggan Akhir, termasuk tentang aktiviti dalam talian anda, sila lihat bahagian Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi di bawah. b. Cara kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pelanggan Akhir Untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami kepada Pengguna Perniagaan, kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pelanggan Akhir dengan mereka. Apabila dibenarkan, kami juga menggunakan Data Peribadi Pelanggan Akhir bagi tujuan Stripe sendiri seperti mempertingkatkan keselamatan, menambah baik dan menawarkan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami, serta mencegah penipuan, kerugian, dan kerosakan yang lain, seperti yang diterangkan dengan lebih lanjut di bawah. Pemprosesan pembayaran dan perakaunan . Kami menggunakan Data Transaksi anda untuk menyampaikan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan berkaitan Pembayaran kepada Pengguna Perniagaan—termasuk pemprosesan transaksi pembayaran dalam talian, pengiraan cukai jualan, serta pengendalian invois, bil, dan pertikaian—serta membantu mereka menentukan pendapatan mereka, menyelesaikan bil mereka, dan melaksanakan tugas perakaunan. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Kami juga mungkin menggunakan Data Peribadi anda untuk menyediakan dan menambah baik Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami. Semasa transaksi pembayaran, Data Peribadi anda dikongsi dengan pelbagai entiti berhubung dengan transaksi anda. Sebagai penyedia perkhidmatan atau pemproses data, kami berkongsi Data Peribadi untuk membolehkan transaksi seperti yang diarahkan oleh Pengguna Perniagaan. Sebagai contoh, apabila anda memilih kaedah pembayaran untuk transaksi anda, kami mungkin berkongsi Data Transaksi anda dengan pihak bank anda atau penyedia kaedah pembayaran yang lain, termasuk sebagaimana yang diperlukan untuk menentukan kesahihan diri anda, Ketahui Selanjutnya , memproses transaksi anda, mencegah penipuan, dan mengendalikan pertikaian. Pengguna Perniagaan yang anda pilih untuk berurus niaga dengannya turut menerima Data Transaksi dan mungkin berkongsi data tersebut dengan pihak lain. Sila semak dasar privasi peniaga, pihak bank, dan penyedia kaedah pembayaran anda untuk maklumat lanjut tentang cara mereka menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi anda. Perkhidmatan kewangan . Sesetengah Pengguna Perniagaan memanfaatkan Perkhidmatan kami untuk menawarkan perkhidmatan kewangan kepada anda melalui Stripe atau Rakan Kongsi Kewangan kami. Contohnya, Pengguna Perniagaan mungkin mengeluarkan produk kad yang membolehkan anda membeli barangan dan perkhidmatan dengannya. Kad sedemikian boleh membawa jenama Stripe, rakan kongsi bank, dan/atau Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut. Selain apa-apa Data Transaksi yang mungkin kami hasilkan atau terima apabila kad ini digunakan untuk pembelian, kami juga mengumpulkan dan menggunakan Data Peribadi anda untuk menyediakan dan mengurus produk ini, termasuk membantu Pengguna Perniagaan kami untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan kad tersebut. Sila semak dasar privasi Pengguna Perniagaan dan, jika berkenaan, rakan kongsi bank kami yang dikaitkan dengan perkhidmatan kewangan tersebut (yang jenamanya mungkin tertera pada kad) untuk maklumat lanjut. Perkhidmatan Identiti/Penentusahan . Kami menggunakan Data Peribadi mengenai identiti anda untuk melaksanakan perkhidmatan penentusahan untuk Stripe atau Pengguna Perniagaan yang anda berurus niaga dengannya, untuk mencegah penipuan dan mempertingkatkan keselamatan. Bagi tujuan ini, kami mungkin menggunakan Data Peribadi yang anda berikan secara terus atau Data Peribadi yang kami peroleh daripada penyedia perkhidmatan kami, termasuk untuk penentusahan telefon. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Jika anda memberikan swafoto bersama imej dokumen pengenalan anda, kami mungkin menggunakan teknologi biometrik untuk membandingkan dan mengira sama ada kedua-duanya sepadan atau tidak, serta menentusahkan identiti anda. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Pengesanan penipuan dan pencegahan kerugian . Kami menggunakan Data Peribadi anda yang dikumpulkan di seluruh Perkhidmatan kami untuk mengesan dan mencegah kerugian kepada anda, kami, Pengguna Perniagaan, dan Rakan Kongsi Kewangan kami. Kami mungkin memberikan Data Peribadi anda (termasuk percubaan transaksi anda) kepada Pengguna Perniagaan dan Rakan Kongsi Kewangan, termasuk mereka yang menggunakan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami yang berkaitan dengan pencegahan penipuan, untuk membantu mereka menilai risiko penipuan atau kerugian yang berkaitan dengan suatu transaksi. Ketahui selanjutnya tentang kemungkinan cara kami menggunakan teknologi untuk menilai risiko penipuan yang dikaitkan dengan percubaan transaksi dan maklumat yang kami kongsi dengan Pengguna Perniagaan dan Rakan Kongsi Kewangan di sini dan di sini . Pengguna Perniagaan Kami (dan pihak ketiga mereka yang diberi kuasa) . Kami berkongsi Data Peribadi Pelanggan Akhir dengan Pengguna Perniagaan masing-masing dan pihak yang diberi kuasa secara terus oleh Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut untuk menerima data sedemikian. Berikut ialah contoh biasa tentang perkongsian sedemikian: Apabila Pengguna Perniagaan mengarahkan Stripe untuk memberikan akses kepada akaun Stripe-nya kepada Pengguna Perniagaan yang lain, termasuk data yang berkaitan dengan Pelanggan Akhirnya, melalui Stripe Connect. Berkongsi maklumat yang telah anda berikan kepada kami dengan Pengguna Perniagaan agar kami boleh menghantar pembayaran kepada anda bagi pihak Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut. Berkongsi maklumat, dokumen, atau imej yang diberikan oleh Pelanggan Akhir dengan Pengguna Perniagaan apabila Pengguna Perniagaan menggunakan Stripe Identity, iaitu Perkhidmatan penentusahan identiti kami, untuk menentusahkan identiti Pelanggan Akhir tersebut. Pengguna Perniagaan yang anda pilih untuk berurus niaga dengannya mungkin seterusnya berkongsi Data Peribadi anda dengan pihak ketiga (seperti penyedia perkhidmatan pihak ketiga tambahan selain Stripe). Sila semak dasar privasi Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut untuk maklumat lanjut. Pengiklanan oleh Pengguna Perniagaan . Jika anda memulakan proses pembelian dengan Pengguna Perniagaan, Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut akan menerima Data Peribadi anda daripada kami berhubung dengan penyediaan Perkhidmatan kami walaupun jika anda tidak menyelesaikan pembelian anda. Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut mungkin menggunakan Data Peribadi anda untuk memasarkan dan mengiklankan produk atau perkhidmatan mereka, tertakluk pada terma dasar privasi mereka. Sila semak dasar privasi Pengguna Perniagaan tersebut untuk maklumat lanjut, termasuk hak anda untuk menghentikan penggunaan Data Peribadi anda oleh mereka bagi tujuan pemasaran. Selanjutnya . Untuk maklumat lanjut tentang cara tambahan yang memungkinkan kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pelanggan Akhir, sila lihat bahagian Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi di bawah. 1.3 Wakil Kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi daripada Wakil Pengguna Perniagaan (contohnya, pemilik perniagaan) untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami. Untuk maklumat lanjut tentang cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi daripada Wakil, serta asas perundangan yang menjadi pergantungan kami untuk memproses Data Peribadi sedemikian, sila lawati Pusat Privasi kami. a. Data Peribadi yang kami kumpulkan tentang Wakil Pendaftaran dan maklumat hubungan . Apabila anda mendaftar untuk akaun Stripe bagi Pengguna Perniagaan (termasuk pemerbadanan Perniagaan), kami mengumpulkan nama dan bukti kelayakan log masuk anda. Jika anda mendaftar atau menghadiri acara yang dianjurkan oleh Stripe atau mendaftar untuk menerima komunikasi Stripe, kami mengumpulkan data pendaftaran dan profil anda. Sebagai Wakil, kami mungkin mengumpulkan Data Peribadi anda daripada pihak ketiga, termasuk penyedia data, untuk mengiklankan, memasarkan, dan berkomunikasi dengan anda seperti yang diperincikan dengan lebih lanjut dalam bahagian Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi di bawah. Kami juga mungkin memautkan lokasi dengan anda untuk menyesuaikan Perkhidmatan atau maklumat secara berkesan mengikut keperluan anda. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Maklumat Pengenalan . Sebagai Pengguna Perniagaan semasa atau yang berpotensi, pemilik bagi Pengguna Perniagaan, atau pemegang saham, pegawai, atau pengarah bagi Pengguna Perniagaan, kami memerlukan butiran hubungan anda, seperti nama, alamat pos, nombor telefon, dan alamat e-mel, untuk memenuhi keperluan Rakan Kongsi Kewangan dan pengawalseliaan kami, menentusahkan identiti anda, serta mencegah aktiviti penipuan dan mudarat terhadap platform Stripe. Kami mengumpulkan Data Peribadi anda, seperti kepentingan pemilikan dalam Pengguna Perniagaan, tarikh lahir, dokumen pengenalan yang dikeluarkan oleh kerajaan, dan pengenal pasti yang berkaitan, serta sebarang sejarah penipuan atau penyalahgunaan, secara terus daripada anda dan/atau daripada sumber yang boleh didapati secara terbuka, pihak ketiga seperti biro kredit dan melalui Perkhidmatan yang kami sediakan. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Anda juga boleh memilih untuk memberi kami maklumat akaun bank. Selanjutnya . Untuk maklumat lanjut tentang jenis Data Peribadi lain yang mungkin kami kumpulkan tentang Wakil, termasuk aktiviti dalam talian anda, sila lihat bahagian Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi di bawah. b. Cara kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Wakil Lazimnya, kami menggunakan Data Peribadi Wakil untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kepada Pengguna Perniagaan yang berpadanan. Cara kami menggunakan dan berkongsi data ini diterangkan dengan lebih lanjut di bawah. Perkhidmatan Perniagaan . Kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Wakil dengan Pengguna Perniagaan untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan yang anda minta atau yang diminta oleh Pengguna Perniagaan yang anda wakili. Dalam sesetengah kes, kami mungkin perlu menyerahkan Data Peribadi anda kepada entiti kerajaan untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami, bagi tujuan seperti pemerbadanan perniagaan, atau pengiraan dan pembayaran cukai jualan yang berkenaan. Untuk Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami yang berkaitan dengan cukai, kami mungkin menggunakan Data Peribadi anda untuk menyediakan dokumen cukai dan memfailkan cukai bagi pihak Pengguna Perniagaan yang anda wakili. Untuk Perkhidmatan pemerbadanan perniagaan kami, iaitu Atlas, kami mungkin menggunakan Data Peribadi anda untuk menyerahkan borang kepada IRS bagi pihak anda dan memfailkan dokumen dengan pihak berkuasa kerajaan yang lain, seperti tataurusan penubuhan di negeri penubuhan anda. Kami berkongsi Data Peribadi Wakil dengan pihak yang diberi kuasa oleh Pengguna Perniagaan yang berpadanan, seperti Rakan Kongsi Kewangan yang memberikan khidmat produk kewangan, atau app atau perkhidmatan pihak ketiga yang dipilih oleh Pengguna Perniagaan untuk digunakan bersama dengan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami. Berikut ialah contoh biasa tentang perkongsian sedemikian: Penyedia kaedah pembayaran, seperti Visa atau WeChat Pay, memerlukan maklumat tentang Pengguna Perniagaan dan Wakil mereka yang menerima kaedah pembayaran mereka. Maklumat ini biasanya diperlukan semasa proses onboarding atau untuk memproses transaksi dan mengendalikan pertikaian bagi Pengguna Perniagaan ini. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Pengguna Perniagaan boleh mengizinkan Stripe untuk berkongsi Data Peribadi anda dengan Pengguna Perniagaan lain untuk memudahkan penyediaan Perkhidmatan melalui Stripe Connect. Penggunaan Data Peribadi oleh pihak ketiga yang diberi kuasa oleh Pengguna Perniagaan tertakluk pada dasar privasi pihak ketiga tersebut. Jika anda Pengguna Perniagaan yang telah memilih nama yang merangkumi Data Peribadi (contohnya, keempunyaan tunggal atau nama keluarga dalam nama syarikat), kami akan menggunakan dan berkongsi maklumat sedemikian untuk penyediaan Perkhidmatan kami dalam cara yang sama kami lakukan terhadap mana-mana nama syarikat. Hal ini boleh merangkumi, contohnya, pemaparan nama tersebut pada resit dan huraian lain yang mengenal pasti transaksi. Pengesanan penipuan dan pencegahan kerugian . Kami menggunakan Data Peribadi Wakil untuk mengenal pasti dan mengurus risiko bahawa Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami mungkin digunakan untuk aktiviti penipuan sehingga menyebabkan kerugian kepada Stripe, Pengguna Akhir, Pelanggan Akhir, Pengguna Perniagaan, Rakan Kongsi Kewangan, dan pihak lain. Kami juga menggunakan maklumat mengenai anda yang diperoleh daripada sumber yang boleh didapati secara terbuka, pihak ketiga seperti biro kredit dan daripada Perkhidmatan kami untuk menangani risiko sedemikian, termasuk untuk mengenal pasti corak penyalahgunaan dan memantau pelanggaran terma perkhidmatan. Stripe mungkin berkongsi Data Peribadi Wakil dengan Pengguna Perniagaan, Rakan Kongsi Kewangan, dan penyedia perkhidmatan pihak ketiga kami, termasuk penyedia penentusahan telefon, Ketahui Selanjutnya , untuk menentusahkan maklumat yang anda berikan dan mengenal pasti penunjuk risiko. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Kami juga menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Wakil untuk menjalankan usaha wajar, termasuk menjalankan pencegahan pengubahan wang haram dan penyaringan sekatan menurut undang-undang yang berkenaan. Pengiklanan . Apabila dibenarkan oleh undang-undang yang berkenaan, dan apabila dikehendaki dengan persetujuan anda, kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Wakil dengan pihak ketiga, termasuk Rakan Kongsi , agar kami boleh mengiklankan dan memasarkan Perkhidmatan dan integrasi Rakan Kongsi kami. Tertakluk pada undang-undang yang berkenaan, termasuk sebarang keperluan persetujuan, kami mungkin mengiklankan perkhidmatan melalui pengiklanan berasaskan minat dan menjejaki keberkesanan iklan sedemikian. Lihat Cookie Policy kami. Kami tidak memindahkan Data Peribadi anda kepada pihak ketiga sebagai pertukaran untuk pembayaran. Walau bagaimanapun, kami mungkin memberikan data anda kepada rakan kongsi pihak ketiga, seperti rakan kongsi pengiklanan, penyedia analisis, dan rangkaian sosial, yang membantu kami mengiklankan Perkhidmatan kami. Ketahui selanjutnya . Kami juga mungkin menggunakan Data Peribadi anda, termasuk aktiviti akaun Stripe anda, untuk menilai kelayakan anda terhadap Perkhidmatan Perniagaan dan menawarkannya kepada anda atau mempromosikan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan yang sedia ada. Ketahui selanjutnya . Selanjutnya . Untuk maklumat lanjut tentang cara tambahan yang memungkinkan kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Wakil, sila lihat bahagian Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi di bawah. 1.4 Pelawat Kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pelawat. Butiran lanjut tentang cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pelawat, bersama dengan asas perundangan yang menjadi pergantungan kami untuk memproses Data Peribadi sedemikian, boleh didapati di Pusat Privasi kami. a. Data Peribadi yang kami kumpulkan tentang Pelawat Apabila anda melayari Laman kami, kami menerima Data Peribadi anda, sama ada diberikan secara terus daripada anda atau dikumpulkan melalui penggunaan kuki dan teknologi yang serupa oleh kami. Sila lihat Cookie Policy kami untuk maklumat lanjut. Jika anda memilih untuk melengkapkan borang di Laman atau laman web pihak ketiga tempat iklan kami dipaparkan (seperti LinkedIn atau Facebook), kami mengumpulkan maklumat yang anda sertakan dalam borang tersebut. Maklumat ini mungkin merangkumi maklumat hubungan anda dan maklumat lain yang berkaitan dengan soalan anda mengenai Perkhidmatan kami. Kami juga boleh mengaitkan lokasi dengan lawatan anda. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Selanjutnya . Butiran lanjut tentang jenis Data Peribadi lain yang mungkin kami kumpulkan daripada Pelawat, termasuk aktiviti dalam talian anda, boleh didapati dalam bahagian Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi di bawah. b. Cara kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pelawat Pemperibadian . Kami menggunakan data yang kami kumpulkan mengenai anda menggunakan kuki dan teknologi yang serupa untuk mengukur keterlibatan dengan kandungan di Laman, menambah baik kaitan dan navigasi, menyesuaikan pengalaman anda (seperti keutamaan bahasa dan kandungan yang khusus mengikut rantau), dan menyusun khas kandungan tentang Stripe dan Perkhidmatan kami yang disesuaikan untuk anda. Contohnya, memandangkan bukan semua Perkhidmatan kami tersedia di seluruh dunia, kami mungkin menyesuaikan respons kami berdasarkan rantau anda. Pengiklanan . Apabila dibenarkan oleh undang-undang yang berkenaan, dan apabila dikehendaki dengan persetujuan anda, kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pelawat dengan pihak ketiga, termasuk Rakan Kongsi , agar kami boleh mengiklankan dan memasarkan Perkhidmatan dan integrasi Rakan Kongsi kami. Tertakluk pada undang-undang yang berkenaan, termasuk sebarang keperluan persetujuan, kami mungkin mengiklankan perkhidmatan melalui pengiklanan berasaskan minat dan menjejaki keberkesanan iklan sedemikian. Lihat Cookie Policy kami. Kami tidak memindahkan Data Peribadi anda kepada pihak ketiga sebagai pertukaran untuk pembayaran, tetapi kami mungkin memberikan data anda kepada rakan kongsi pihak ketiga, seperti rakan kongsi pengiklanan, penyedia analisis, dan rangkaian sosial, yang membantu kami mengiklankan Perkhidmatan kami. Ketahui selanjutnya . Keterlibatan . Semasa anda berinteraksi dengan Laman kami, kami menggunakan maklumat yang kami kumpulkan tentang dan melalui peranti anda untuk memberikan peluang bagi interaksi selanjutnya, seperti perbincangan tentang Perkhidmatan atau interaksi dengan chatbot, untuk menangani soalan anda. Selanjutnya . Untuk maklumat lanjut tentang cara tambahan yang memungkinkan kami menggunakan dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Pelawat, sila lihat bahagian Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi di bawah. 2. Lebih banyak cara kami mengumpulkan, menggunakan, dan berkongsi Data Peribadi Selain cara yang diterangkan di atas, kami turut memproses Data Peribadi anda seperti yang berikut: a. Pengumpulan Data Peribadi Aktiviti Dalam Talian . Bergantung pada Perkhidmatan yang digunakan dan cara Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami dilaksanakan oleh Pengguna Perniagaan, kami mungkin mengumpulkan maklumat yang berkaitan dengan: Peranti dan pelayar yang anda gunakan di semua Laman kami serta laman web, aplikasi, dan perkhidmatan dalam talian pihak ketiga yang lain (“Laman Pihak Ketiga”). Data penggunaan yang dikaitkan dengan peranti dan pelayar tersebut serta keterlibatan anda dengan Perkhidmatan kami, termasuk elemen data seperti alamat IP, pemalam, keutamaan bahasa, masa yang dihabiskan di Laman dan Laman Pihak Ketiga, halaman yang dilawati, pautan yang diklik, kaedah pembayaran yang digunakan, dan halaman yang membawa anda ke Laman kami dan Laman Pihak Ketiga. Kami juga mengumpulkan penunjuk aktiviti, contohnya penunjuk aktiviti tetikus, untuk membantu kami mengesan penipuan. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Lihat juga Cookie Policy kami. Maklumat Komunikasi dan Keterlibatan . Kami juga mengumpulkan maklumat yang anda pilih untuk dikongsi dengan kami melalui pelbagai saluran, seperti tiket sokongan, e-mel, atau media sosial. Jika anda membalas e-mel atau menjawab kaji selidik daripada Stripe, kami mengumpulkan alamat e-mel, nama, serta apa-apa data lain yang anda pilih untuk disertakan dalam e-mel atau respons anda. Jika anda berinteraksi dengan kami melalui telefon, kami mengumpulkan nombor telefon anda dan sebarang maklumat lain yang mungkin anda berikan semasa panggilan tersebut. Panggilan dengan Stripe atau wakil Stripe mungkin dirakamkan. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Selain itu, kami mengumpulkan data keterlibatan anda, seperti pendaftaran, kehadiran, atau tontonan anda dalam acara Stripe dan sebarang interaksi lain dengan kakitangan Stripe. Forum dan Kumpulan Perbincangan . Jika Laman kami membenarkan penyiaran kandungan, kami mengumpulkan Data Peribadi yang anda berikan berhubung dengan siaran tersebut. b. Penggunaan Data Peribadi. Selain penggunaan Data Peribadi yang diterangkan di atas, kami menggunakan Data Peribadi dalam cara yang tersenarai di bawah: Menganalisis, Menambah Baik, dan Membangunkan Perkhidmatan kami . Kami mengumpulkan dan memproses Data Peribadi di seluruh Perkhidmatan kami yang pelbagai, sama ada anda Pengguna Akhir, Pelanggan Akhir, Wakil atau Pelawat, untuk menambah baik Perkhidmatan kami, membangunkan Perkhidmatan baharu, dan menyokong usaha kami untuk menjadikan Perkhidmatan kami lebih cekap, relevan, dan berguna untuk anda. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Kami mungkin menggunakan Data Peribadi untuk menjanakan maklumat agregat dan statistik untuk memahami dan menerangkan cara Perkhidmatan kami digunakan. Antara contoh cara kami menggunakan Data Peribadi untuk menganalisis, menambah baik, dan membangunkan produk dan perkhidmatan kami termasuklah: Menggunakan analisis di Laman kami, termasuk seperti yang diterangkan dalam Cookie Policy kami, untuk membantu kami memahami penggunaan Laman dan Perkhidmatan kami oleh anda serta mendiagnosis masalah teknikal. Melatih model kecerdasan buatan untuk mengupayakan Perkhidmatan kami dan memberikan perlindungan terhadap penipuan dan mudarat yang lain. Ketahui selanjutnya . Menganalisis dan membuat kesimpulan daripada Data Transaksi untuk mengurangkan kos, penipuan, dan pertikaian serta meningkatkan kadar pensahihan dan keizinan untuk Stripe dan Pengguna Perniagaan kami. Komunikasi . Kami menggunakan maklumat hubungan yang kami ada mengenai anda untuk menyampaikan Perkhidmatan kami, Ketahui Selanjutnya , yang mungkin melibatkan penghantaran kod melalui SMS untuk mendapatkan pensahihan anda. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Jika anda merupakan Pengguna Akhir, Wakil atau Pelawat, kami mungkin berkomunikasi dengan anda menggunakan maklumat hubungan yang kami ada mengenai anda untuk memberikan maklumat tentang Perkhidmatan kami dan perkhidmatan anggota gabungan kami, mempelawa anda untuk mengambil bahagian dalam acara, kaji selidik, atau penyelidikan pengguna kami, atau dengan cara lain berkomunikasi dengan anda bagi tujuan pemasaran, dengan mematuhi undang-undang yang berkenaan, termasuk apa-apa keperluan persetujuan atau pilih keluar. Contohnya, apabila anda memberikan maklumat hubungan anda kepada kami atau apabila kami mengumpulkan butiran hubungan perniagaan anda melalui penyertaan di pameran perdagangan atau acara lain, kami mungkin menggunakan data ini untuk membuat susulan dengan anda berkenaan dengan suatu acara, memberikan maklumat yang diminta mengenai Perkhidmatan kami, dan menyertakan anda dalam kempen maklumat pemasaran kami. Apabila dibenarkan oleh undang-undang yang berkenaan, kami mungkin merakamkan panggilan kami dengan anda untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan kami, mematuhi kewajipan undang-undang kami, melaksanakan penyelidikan dan jaminan kualiti, serta bagi tujuan latihan. Media Sosial dan Promosi . Jika anda memilih untuk menyerahkan Data Peribadi bagi melibatkan diri dalam suatu tawaran, program, atau promosi, kami menggunakan Data Peribadi yang anda berikan untuk mengurus tawaran, program, atau promosi tersebut. Kami juga menggunakan Data Peribadi yang anda berikan, bersama dengan Data Peribadi yang anda siarkan pada platform media sosial, bagi tujuan pemasaran, melainkan jika kami tidak dibenarkan untuk berbuat demikian. Pencegahan Penipuan dan Keselamatan . Kami mengumpulkan dan menggunakan Data Peribadi untuk membantu kami mengenal pasti dan mengurus aktiviti yang mungkin bersifat tipuan atau memudaratkan di seluruh Perkhidmatan kami, membolehkan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan berkaitan pengesanan penipuan kami, dan menjamin keselamatan Perkhidmatan dan transaksi kami daripada akses, penggunaan, pemindaan tanpa izin atau penyalahgunaan Data Peribadi, maklumat, dan dana. Sebagai sebahagian daripada pencegahan dan pengesanan penipuan, pemantauan keselamatan, dan usaha pematuhan untuk Stripe dan Pengguna Perniagaannya, kami mengumpulkan maklumat daripada sumber yang boleh didapati secara terbuka, pihak ketiga (seperti biro kredit) dan melalui Perkhidmatan yang kami tawarkan. Dalam sesetengah kes, kami mungkin juga mengumpulkan maklumat mengenai anda secara terus daripada anda, atau daripada Pengguna Perniagaan kami, Rakan Kongsi Kewangan, dan pihak ketiga yang lain bagi tujuan yang sama. Di samping itu, untuk melindungi Perkhidmatan kami, kami mungkin menerima butiran seperti alamat IP dan data pengenalpastian lain tentang kemungkinan ancaman keselamatan daripada pihak ketiga. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Maklumat sedemikian membantu kami menentusahkan identiti, menjalankan pemeriksaan kredit apabila dibenarkan oleh undang-undang, dan mencegah penipuan. Selain itu, kami mungkin menggunakan teknologi untuk menilai kemungkinan risiko penipuan yang dikaitkan dengan individu yang berusaha mendapatkan Perkhidmatan Perniagaan kami atau yang terhasil daripada percubaan transaksi oleh Pelanggan Akhir atau Pengguna Akhir dengan Pengguna Perniagaan atau Rakan Kongsi Kewangan kami. Pematuhan terhadap Kewajipan Undang-undang . Kami menggunakan Data Peribadi untuk memenuhi kewajipan kontrak dan undang-undang kami yang berkaitan dengan pencegahan pengubahan wang haram, undang-undang Kenali Pelanggan Anda (Know-Your-Customer, KYC), aktiviti pencegahan keganasan, perlindungan pelanggan yang mudah terjejas, kawalan eksport, dan larangan tentang melakukan urus niaga dengan orang terlarang atau dalam bidang perniagaan tertentu, antara kewajipan undang-undang yang lainnya. Contohnya, kami mungkin memantau corak transaksi dan isyarat dalam talian yang lain serta menggunakan wawasan tersebut untuk mengenal pasti penipuan, pengubahan wang haram, dan aktiviti memudaratkan yang lain yang boleh menjejaskan Stripe, Rakan Kongsi Kewangan kami, Pengguna Akhir, Pengguna Perniagaan dan pihak lain. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Keselamatan, keterjaminan, dan pematuhan Perkhidmatan kami merupakan keutamaan yang penting bagi kami, dan pengumpulan serta penggunaan Data Peribadi adalah amat penting kepada usaha ini. Individu Bawah Umur . Perkhidmatan kami tidak ditujukan kepada kanak-kanak yang berumur kurang daripada 13 tahun, dan kami meminta agar mereka tidak memberikan Data Peribadi untuk mendapatkan Perkhidmatan secara terus daripada Stripe. Dalam bidang kuasa tertentu, kami mungkin mengenakan had umur yang lebih tinggi sepertimana yang dikehendaki oleh undang-undang yang berkenaan. c. Perkongsian Data Peribadi. Selain perkongsian Data Peribadi yang diterangkan di atas, kami berkongsi Data Peribadi dalam cara yang tersenarai di bawah: Anggota Gabungan Stripe . Kami berkongsi Data Peribadi dengan entiti gabungan Stripe yang lain bagi tujuan yang dikenal pasti dalam Dasar ini. Penyedia Perkhidmatan atau Pemproses Data . Untuk menyediakan, mengkomunikasikan, memasarkan, menganalisis, dan mengiklankan Perkhidmatan kami, kami bergantung pada penyedia perkhidmatan. Penyedia ini menawarkan perkhidmatan yang amat penting seperti menyediakan infrastruktur awan, menjalankan analisis untuk penilaian kelajuan, ketepatan, dan/atau keselamatan Perkhidmatan kami, menentusahkan identiti, mengenal pasti aktiviti yang mungkin berbahaya, serta menyediakan khidmat pelanggan dan fungsi audit. Kami mengizinkan penyedia perkhidmatan ini menggunakan atau mendedahkan Data Peribadi yang kami jadikan tersedia kepada mereka untuk menjalankan perkhidmatan bagi pihak kami dan untuk mematuhi kewajipan undang-undang yang berkaitan. Kami menghendaki penyedia perkhidmatan ini memberikan komitmen secara kontrak terhadap kewajipan keselamatan dan kerahsiaan Data Peribadi yang diproses oleh mereka bagi pihak kami. Kebanyakan penyedia perkhidmatan kami berada di Kesatuan Eropah, Amerika Syarikat, dan India. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Rakan Kongsi Kewangan . Kami berkongsi Data Peribadi dengan Rakan Kongsi Kewangan tertentu untuk menyediakan Perkhidmatan kepada Pengguna Perniagaan dan menawarkan Perkhidmatan tertentu bersama dengan Rakan Kongsi Kewangan ini. Sebagai contoh, kami mungkin berkongsi Data Peribadi tertentu, seperti volum pemprosesan pembayaran, data pembayaran balik pinjaman, dan maklumat hubungan Wakil, dengan pelabur dan pemberi pinjaman institusi yang membeli pinjaman belum terima atau menyediakan pembiayaan yang berkaitan dengan Stripe Capital. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Pihak Lain dengan Persetujuan . Dalam sesetengah situasi, kami mungkin tidak menawarkan perkhidmatan, tetapi sebaliknya merujukkan anda kepada pihak lain (seperti firma khidmat profesional yang bekerjasama dengan kami untuk menyampaikan Perkhidmatan Atlas). Dalam kes ini, kami akan mendedahkan identiti pihak ketiga tersebut dan maklumat yang akan dikongsi dengan mereka, serta meminta persetujuan anda untuk berkongsi maklumat tersebut. Transaksi Korporat . Sekiranya kami terlibat atau berhasrat untuk terlibat dalam transaksi yang mengubah suai struktur perniagaan kami, seperti pengorganisasian semula, penggabungan, penjualan, usaha sama, penyerahhakan, pemindahan, perubahan kawalan, atau pelupusan lain yang membabitkan semua atau sebahagian perniagaan, aset atau saham kami, kami mungkin berkongsi Data Peribadi dengan pihak ketiga berhubung dengan transaksi sedemikian. Mana-mana entiti lain yang membeli kami atau sebahagian perniagaan kami akan mempunyai hak untuk terus menggunakan Data Peribadi anda, tertakluk pada terma Dasar ini. Pematuhan dan Pencegahan Mudarat . Kami berkongsi Data Peribadi apabila kami percaya tindakan itu perlu untuk mematuhi undang-undang yang berkenaan; untuk mematuhi peraturan yang dikenakan oleh Rakan Kongsi Kewangan berhubung dengan penggunaan kaedah pembayaran mereka; untuk menguatkuasakan hak kontraktual kami; untuk menjamin dan melindungi Perkhidmatan, hak, privasi, keselamatan, dan harta benda Stripe, anda, dan pihak lain, termasuk terhadap aktiviti berniat jahat atau penipuan; dan untuk menjawab permintaan perundangan yang sah daripada mahkamah, agensi penguat kuasa undang-undang, agensi kawal selia, serta pihak berkuasa awam dan pihak berkuasa kerajaan yang lain, yang mungkin merangkumi pihak berkuasa di luar negara kediaman anda. 3. Asas perundangan untuk memproses Data Peribadi Bagi tujuan Peraturan Perlindungan Data Am (GDPR) dan undang-undang perlindungan data lain yang berkenaan, kami bergantung pada beberapa asas perundangan untuk memproses Data Peribadi anda. Ketahui Selanjutnya . Untuk sesetengah bidang kuasa, mungkin terdapat asas perundangan tambahan, yang digariskan dalam bahagian Peruntukan yang Khusus Mengikut Bidang Kuasa di bawah. a. Hubungan Perniagaan Kontraktual dan Prakontraktual . Kami memproses Data Peribadi untuk menjalin hubungan perniagaan dengan bakal Pengguna Perniagaan dan Pengguna Akhir serta memenuhi kewajipan kontrak kami masing-masing dengan mereka. Aktiviti pemprosesan ini merangkumi: Penciptaan dan pengurusan akaun Stripe dan bukti kelayakan akaun Stripe, termasuk penilaian permohonan untuk memulakan atau memperluas penggunaan Perkhidmatan kami; Penciptaan dan pengurusan akaun Stripe Checkout; Aktiviti perakaunan, pengauditan, dan pengebilan; dan Pemprosesan pembayaran dan aktiviti yang berkaitan, yang merangkumi pengesanan penipuan, pencegahan kerugian, pengoptimuman transaksi, komunikasi tentang pembayaran sedemikian, dan aktiviti khidmat pelanggan yang berkaitan. b. Pematuhan Undang-undang . Kami memproses Data Peribadi untuk menentusahkan identiti individu dan entiti demi mematuhi kewajipan yang berkaitan dengan pemantauan, pencegahan, dan pengesanan penipuan, undang-undang yang berkaitan dengan pengenalpastian dan pelaporan kegiatan yang menyalahi undang-undang dan haram, seperti kegiatan di bawah peraturan Pencegahan Pengubahan Wang Haram ("AML") dan Kenali Pelanggan Anda ("KYC"), serta kewajipan pelaporan kewangan. Sebagai contoh, kami mungkin dikehendaki merekodkan dan menentusahkan identiti Pengguna Perniagaan bagi mematuhi peraturan yang direka bentuk untuk mencegah pengubahan wang haram, penipuan, dan jenayah kewangan. Kewajipan undang-undang ini mungkin menghendaki kami melaporkan pematuhan kami kepada pihak ketiga, dan menjadikan diri kami tertakluk pada audit penentusahan pihak ketiga. c. Kepentingan yang Sah . Apabila dibenarkan di bawah undang-undang yang berkenaan, kami bergantung pada kepentingan perniagaan kami yang sah untuk memproses Data Peribadi anda. Senarai yang berikut memberikan contoh tujuan perniagaan yang baginya kami mempunyai kepentingan yang sah untuk memproses data anda: Pengesanan, pemantauan, dan pencegahan penipuan serta transaksi pembayaran tanpa izin; Pengurangan kerugian kewangan, tuntutan, liabiliti atau mudarat lain terhadap Pelanggan Akhir, Pengguna Akhir, Pengguna Perniagaan, Rakan Kongsi Kewangan, dan Stripe; Penentuan kelayakan dan tawaran Perkhidmatan Stripe yang baharu ( Ketahui Selanjutnya ); Respons kepada pertanyaan, penyampaian notis Perkhidmatan, dan penyediaan sokongan pelanggan; Promosi, analisis, pengubahsuaian, dan penambahbaikan Perkhidmatan, s | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://blog.finxter.com/free-python-books/ | 101+ Free Python Books - Be on the Right Side of Change Skip to content Menu 🔴 YouTube 👑 Membership 👩🎓 Academy 📖 Books 🎲 Puzzles 🤎 User Stories What Our Users Say About Finxter Finxter Feedback from ~1000 Python Developers Video Reviews Course Review from Cristian Course Review from Adam Review by ChatGPT About Chris Start Here ⭐ 101+ Free Python Books November 5, 2025 April 14, 2021 by Chris Books remain great learning devices — even in the age of AI. But why spending money when you can get them for free? This article compiles a list of 101++ FREE Python books to destroy any excuse of not learning Python. Everyone can afford to read free books! Also check out my two other free book lists on this blog (opens in new tab): 👉 42 Free AI Books (Link Collection PDF+HTML) 👉 42 Free University Books (Link Collection PDF+HTML) How To Use This List? Most likely you don’t belong to the 0.01% of nerds who will read each and every book on this list. Prioritization is king! To help you with the big task of finding the best book for you, I have added a few indicators whether the book is interesting for you or not. 👉 Note : I don’t give the link to Amazon as this is a list of FREE Python books and Amazon mostly focuses on paid books in their stock. Above The Fold Books These are my top picks of free Python books in alphabetical order. Get all of them and store them on your PC! Free Book 1 – Coffee Break Python: 50 Workouts to Kickstart Your Rapid Code Understanding in Python – Dr. Christian Mayer What many people don’t know is that this best-selling puzzle-based learning book is available for free on the thank-you for signing up page after subscribing to the Finxter email newsletter (focused on teaching Python and AI Engineering ). Keywords : Beginner + Email Course + PDF Free Book 2 – Coffee Break Python Slicing: 24 Workouts to Master Slicing in Python, Once and for All – Dr. Christian Mayer Slicing is one of the most basic skills of a Python developer. This is THE most comprehensive book on slicing in existence. Keywords : Beginner + Slicing + Email Course + PDF Free Book 3 – Invent Your Own Computer Games with Python 3rd Edition – Al Sweigart Another great book about computer games from Al Sweigart. The book specifically addresses kids but is also interesting for adults who like gaming. Keywords : Beginner + Games + PDF Free Book 4 – Learning Python – Mark Lutz This book is one of the most comprehensive Python books I have ever seen. Sometimes this can be a bit dry – but the author does a great work in making it interesting for the reader. Keywords : Beginner / Intermediate + PDF Free Book 5 – Learn Python the Hard Way – Zed A. Shaw This is a very popular book that asks you to perform programming exercises in your terminal. By putting in the actual effort (and typing in all the little commands), you learn more thoroughly (at the cost of a larger time investment). Keywords : Absolute Beginners + HTML (Only Parts) Free Book 6 – Making Games with Python & Pygame – Al Sweigart This excellent book is all about inventing, coding, and implementing small Python games using the Pygame framework. It’s from the author of the most popular Python book “Automating the boring stuff with Python” Keywords : Beginner + Games + PDF Free Book 7 – Problem Solving with Algorithms and Data Structures using Python – Brad Miller and David Ranum The book is an interactive HTML page with exercises and more practical material to support your learning progress. Highly recommended! Keywords : Intermediate + HTML Free Book 8 – Python One-Liners (Videos) – Dr. Christian Mayer Python One-Liners will teach you how to read and write “one-liners”: concise statements of useful functionality packed into a single line of code. You’ll learn how to systematically unpack and understand any line of Python code, and write eloquent, powerfully compressed Python like an expert. Keywords : Beginner / Intermediate + One-Liner Training Videos are free on the website Free Book Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist – Allen B. Downey “This hands-on guide takes you through the language one step at a time, beginning with basic programming concepts before moving on to functions, recursion, data structures, and object-oriented design.” Keywords : Beginner / Intermediate + HTML Free Bonus Resource: A Beginner’s Guide to AI Engineering (Full Course) — Dirk van Meerveld You’ll learn how to create an intelligent AI agent. This agent will generate news articles from publicly available SEC filings from large companies such as NVIDIA. 100% automated! There are >20k such companies so this could be the basis of a huge automated financial news website reaching millions of visitors (and, in turn, generating millions for you – its owner). 😉 I love these types of projects because they show the true power of AI: automatic “passive” value creation. 🤖 AI Engineers are the new masters of the universe! 🌌 Keywords : Beginner + AI Engineering + Python APIs + Generative AI Free Book “ Programming with Python ” by Prof. Thomas Weise “The goal of this book is to teach practical programming with the Python language to high school, undergraduate, and graduate students alike. Hopefully, readers without prior knowledge can follow the text. Therefore, all concepts are introduced using examples and discussed comprehensively. All examples are available online in the GitHub repository associated with this book, so that readers can play with them easily. Actually, the goal of the book is not just to teach programming, but to teach programming as a part of the software development process. This means that from the very beginning, we will attempt to push the reader towards writing clean code with comments and documentation as well as to use various tools for finding potential issues. While this book is work in progress, we hope that it will eventually teach all the elements of Python software creation. We hope that it can enable readers without prior programming experience to develop beautiful and maintainable software.” A Comprehensive List of Free Python Books The list of free Python books is sorted alphabetically. Lose yourself in this list to find the Python book that suits your current needs most! A Beginner’s Python Tutorial – Wikibooks ⭐ A Byte of Python (Python 3, HTML, PDF, EPUB, Mobi) A Guide to Python’s Magic Methods – Rafe Kettler ⭐⭐⭐ Automate the Boring Stuff – Al Sweigart A Whirlwind Tour of Python – Jake VanderPlas (HTML) Biopython (PDF) Build applications in Python the antitextbook (Python 3, HTML, PDF, EPUB, Mobi) Building Machine Learning Systems with Python – Willi Richert & Luis P. Coelho Building Skills in Object-Oriented Design – Steven F. Lott (Python 2.1, PDF) Building Skills in Python – Steven F. Lott (Python 2.6, PDF) ⭐ Byte of Python – Swaroop C. H. (Python 3, PDF) Codeacademy Python Code Like a Pythonista: Idiomatic Python Composing Programs (Python 3) Data Structures and Algorithms in Python – B. R. Preiss (PDF) ⭐⭐ Data Structures and Algorithms in Python – Rance D. Necaise (Python 3, PDF) ⭐⭐ Dive into Python 3 – Mark Pilgrim (Python 3, HTML) Django Girls Tutorial (1.11) Django Official Documentation (PDF) (1.10) Djen of Django Effective Django (1.5) Explore Flask – Robert Picard From Python to NumPy Full Stack Python Functional Programming in Python (email address requested , not required) Google’s Python Style Guide Google’s Python Class (Python 3, HTML) Hacking Secret Cyphers with Python – Al Sweigart (Python 3, PDF) Hadoop with Python (email address requested , not required) Hitchhiker’s Guide to Python! – Kenneth Reitz (Python 3, PDF) How to Tango With Django (1.7) How to Think Like a Computer Scientist: Learning with Python – Allen B. Downey, Jeff Elkner and Chris Meyers Intermediate Python – Muhammad Yasoob Ullah Khalid (1st edition) Introduction to Programming Using Python – Cody Jackson (Python 2.3) Introduction to Programming with Python (Python 3) Introduction to Python – Kracekumar (Python 2.7.3) Kivy Programming Guide Learning Python – Fabrizio Romano Learning to Program Learn Pandas – Hernan Rojas Learn Python, Break Python Learn Python in Y minutes ⭐⭐ Learn Python The Hard Way (Python 2) Lectures on scientific computing with python – J.R. Johansson (Python 2.7) Mastering Python for Data Science Math for programmers (using Python) Modeling Creativity: Case Studies in Python – Tom D. De Smedt (PDF) Natural Language Processing with Python (Python 3) Non-Programmer’s Tutorial for Python 2.6 – Wikibooks (Python 2.6) Non-Programmer’s Tutorial for Python 3 – Wikibooks (Python 3.3) Picking a Python Version: A Manifesto Porting to Python 3: An In-Depth Guide (Python 2 + 3) Practical Programming in Python – Jeffrey Elkner (PDF) Program Arcade Games With Python And Pygame (Python 3) Programming Computer Vision with Python (PDF) Python 2 Official Documentation (Python 2, PDF, HTML, TEXT) Python 3 Official Documentation (Python 3, PDF, EPUB, HTML, TEXT) Python 3 Tutorial Python Bibliotheca ⭐⭐⭐ Python Cookbook – David Beazley and Brian Jones (HTML) Python Data Science Handbook – Jake VanderPlas (HTML, Jupyter Notebooks) Python for Everybody Exploring Data Using Python 3 – Charles Severance (PDF, EPUB, HTML) Python for Fun Python for Informatics: Exploring Information (Python 2) Python for you and me (Python 2) Python for you and me (Python 3) Python in Education (email address requested , not required) Python in Hydrology – Sat Kumar Tomer Python Koans (Python 2 or 3) Python Module of the Week (Python 2) Python Module of the Week (Python 3) Python Notes for Professionals – from StackOverflow docs (Python 3) Python Practice Book (Python 2) Python Practice Projects Python Programming – PDF Python Programming – Wikibooks (PDF, Python 2) Python Scientific Lecture Notes Quick Tutorial for Pyramid Scipy Lecture Notes Snake Wrangling For Kids (Python 3) Supporting Python 3: An In-Depth Guide (Python 2 + 3) Test-Driven Web Development with Python – Harry Percival (Python 3) Text Processing in Python – David Mertz (Python 2) The Definitive Guide to Jython, Python for the Java Platform – Josh Juneau, Jim Baker, Victor Ng, Leo Soto, Frank Wierzbicki (Python 2) The Flask Mega-Tutorial – Miguel Grinberg (0.9) The Little Book of Python Anti-Patterns ( Source ) The Programming Historian – William J. Turkel, Adam Crymble and Alan MacEachern The Python GTK+ 3 Tutorial The Standard Python Library – Fredrik Lundh Think Complexity – Allen B. Downey (PDF, HTML) ⭐⭐⭐ Think Python – Allen B. Downey (Python 2 + 3, PDF) Tiny Python 3.6 Notebook – Matt Harrison (Python 3) Tornado: Learn Web Programming Web2py: Complete Reference Manual, 6th Edition (pre-release) (Python 2) Welcome to Problem Solving with Algorithms and Data Structures – Brad Miller and David Ranum Wikibooks: Python Programming Do you have any updates? Please send them to me , so that I can keep this list fresh and updated. 🙂 I know – this flood of learning material is overwhelming! That’s why I have created a free Python email course for you. It guides you, one step at a time, through the really important Python concepts. My subscribers love it, so join us now! It’s an easy route to Python mastery… If you want to learn Python on autopilot, register for my FREE Python Email Course. Register Now > You can also just put in your email address here and get started with the free content right away: Categories Books , Computer Science , Productivity , Python Python Set clear() How to Print a String Without ‘\n’ in Python Be on the Right Side of Change 🚀 The world is changing exponentially. AI eliminates entire industries. 12 Ways to Make Money with AI (Article) Join our free email newsletter (130k subs). Be on the right side of change with AI and master the art of vibe coding! New Finxter Tutorials: The JSON Trick – How to Scrape All Answers in a Subreddit? (Example Find User Needs) The Ghost Founder: 10 AI Startups That Can Hit $1B Without a Single Employee Stop Testing LLMs with Poetry: Use Blackjack Instead The “One Niche, One Channel” rule for making your first $1k in AI Dreaming of the Mediterranean: When Will Tesla FSD Hit Europe? DriftIDE – A Startup Idea for 1B Vibe Coders [Pitch Deck] Do You Choose $1,000,000 Now or $6,000/Month for Life? 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Open Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where all the other conversations belong Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://www.git-tower.com/blog/tower-windows-10#creating-a-stacked-branch | Tower 10 for Windows — Introducing Graphite Support | Tower Blog You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience. Tower Navigation Features Undo Anything Just press Cmd+Z Drag and Drop Make the complex effortless Integrations Use your favorite tools Tower Workflows Branching Configurations Stacked Pull Requests Supercharged workflows All Features Release Notes Pricing Support Documentation Contact Us Account Login Learn Git Video Course 24 episodes Online Book From novice to master Cheat Sheets For quick lookup Webinar Learn from a Git professional First Aid Kit Recover from mistakes Advanced Git Kit Dive deeper Blog Download Download < Back to Blog Tower 10 for Windows — Introducing Graphite Support Bruno Brito November 2025 | 7 min read Share: The wait is over: Tower 10 has arrived! For enthusiasts of Stacked Pull Requests, this release is a game-changer. We're excited to announce comprehensive support for Graphite , integrating its most powerful features directly into Tower. You can now handle your stacked branches and craft Pull Requests seamlessly within our Git client ✌️ With our Tower 8.0 update , we set the stage for incorporating advanced Git workflows. Features like Branch Dependency and the "Restack" action were introduced, and the response from our user community has been overwhelmingly positive. Building on that foundation, Tower 10 now offers full support for Graphite's toolset, empowering you to merge changes into your projects faster than ever. This article will guide you through the essentials of Graphite and how it integrates with Tower 10. About Graphite If you want to enhance your team's Pull Request process and are unfamiliar with Graphite , you're in for a treat! Graphite employs a stack-based methodology that allows developers to work on several features in parallel by layering changes. This is often called the Stacked Pull Requests workflow . The idea is straightforward: by linking smaller, incremental Pull Requests, you reduce the amount of code to be reviewed. This leads to quicker integration and minimizes the chances of significant merge conflicts or bugs. Effective branch management is key to this approach, and this is where Graphite excels. Even if you are the sole user of this workflow in your team, it works flawlessly from the get-go. There's every reason to give it a shot! 😉 Graphite not only simplifies branch management but also provides a dedicated interface for code reviews (be sure to check out AI Reviews !) and complements GitHub by extending its functionality. In addition to its Web UI, Graphite provides: A CLI tool A VS Code extension You can discover more about Graphite in this article . We believed that integrating these capabilities into a Git client would be a great advantage, so we went ahead and did just that. Let's start the tour! Setting Up Graphite in Tower 10 To begin, simply click the "Workflows" button in the toolbar and select the new Graphite.dev entry. You will need a Graphite.dev account and the Graphite CLI tool (version 1.5.3 or higher) installed. Tower 10 – Enabling the Graphite Workflow ☝️ You may find the "Configure Workflow" button greyed out if you haven't configured Graphite yet. Make sure you install the CLI tool and configure the Graphite token by accessing Tower's terminal ("File -> Open in Terminal"). You'll be asked to specify the "Trunk" branch (typically main ) and your Graphite token , which should be detected automatically by Tower. We recommend installing the Graphite binary via npm , the standard package manager for Node.js. You'll notice the "Workflows" icon has changed to Graphite. Clicking it gives you quick access to popular Graphite commands and opens the Graphite dashboard in your browser. Tower 10 – Graphite Workflow in Toolbar Working with Graphite in Tower 10 Now is a great time to explore the Graphite commands you can run effortlessly in Tower! Working Copy With the Graphite workflow active, you'll see new options in the "Working Copy" view. We've introduced a "Create" action that lets you instantly make a new branch with your staged changes (equivalent to gt create in the Graphite CLI). This is a best practice in the Graphite workflow, which recommends treating each branch as a small, atomic changeset with a single commit initially. The "Commit" action is similar to the gt modify --commit command in Graphite: it adds a new commit to the current branch and automatically restacks if there are no conflicts. Tower 10 — "Working Copy" view ☝️ Tower's "Quick Amend" feature is also compatible with the Graphite workflow. To amend the current branch's commit, hold down ( Left Alt + CTRL ), and the "Commit" button will change to "Modify". This is the same as running gt modify in the Graphite CLI. Creating a Stacked Branch Graphite is centered around Stacked Branches, and creating a new one is simple: right-click on any branch to create a new stacked branch based on it. Tower 10 — Create New Stacked Branch In the following dialog, you can choose its parent branch for straightforward integration and opt to check it out right away. Tower 10 — Create New Stacked Branch Dialog From the context menu, you can also perform all other standard Graphite operations, like renaming, merging, squashing, or deleting branches. Tower 10 – Additional Context Menu Options Setting the Parent Branch You can change a branch's parent at any time, just as you would with Stacked Branches, by using the context menu and selecting "Track Parent Branch." In Graphite's terminology, this is known as "tracking" ( gt track ) and "untracking" ( gt untrack ) a stacked branch. Tower 10 – Setting the Parent Branch Restacking Restacking syncs all changes by rebasing each child branch onto its parent. Tower shows an icon in the sidebar for branches that need restacking. You can perform this action by right-clicking the branch and choosing "Restack [Branch]". In the branch's history, a yellow banner will also inform you that the branch needs to be restacked. Tower 10 — Restack Branch In the "Restack Branch" dialog, you'll see a "Restack Full Stack" option. If this is not checked, Tower/Graphite will restack the selected branch and its parents. If checked, the branch's children will also be restacked (hence "full stack"). Tower will let you know if any conflicts occur during the restack. Tower 10 — Restack Branch Dialog Syncing a Branch Right-clicking any branch also lets you "sync" it. This synchronizes all branches in the stack, much like the gt get command. Tower 10 — Sync Branch Dialog Tower also offers extra options, like restacking all branches in your repository. Submitting a Branch (To Create a Pull Request) You can submit a branch to create a PR by right-clicking it and selecting the option from the context menu. More options are available by clicking the drop-down arrow, such as updating only branches with existing open PRs. Tower 10 — Submit Branch to Graphite All open Pull Requests are accessible in Tower's "Pull Requests" view, in the sidebar or via the shortcut CTRL + 4 . Tower 10 — Pull Requests This view lets you inspect, merge, close, comment on, or check out pull requests without opening a browser. Merge Queue Graphite includes a Merge Queue feature that avoids semantic merge conflicts by automating the rebase process during merges. This keeps the trunk branch "green" and helps development teams move faster with fewer interruptions. In Tower, if a merge is possible, the Graphite branch is added to the merge queue. The merge is asynchronous, so you'll need to manually refresh and sync the branch to see if it has been merged. When a Graphite branch is sent to the merge queue, it's validated remotely. If it can be merged, it is; otherwise, the process fails. To do this, right-click the branch and choose "Add [BRANCH] to Merge Queue…" from Tower's context menu. Tower 10 — Graphite's Merge Queue Warning Messages While using Tower, you might accidentally disrupt Graphite's state with certain Git operations, like a git push . Tower will warn you when this might happen before you proceed. Tower 10 — Warning Message You can enable or disable these prompts in the "Integration" tab of Tower's Settings. Tower 10 — Integration Settings Other Improvements As always, we've also made some other improvements under the hood. Here's a list of the improvements and bug fixes we've addressed: System Menu: The Alt + SPACE shortcut now works as expected. Submodules: Navigation through nested submodules has been refined. Portable Git has been updated to version 2.51.2 for improved compatibility and performance. We hope you enjoy this release! Happy stacking! 😊 Not a Tower user yet? Download our 30-day free trial and see a better way to work with Git! Try Tower 10 Now PS: Did you know? Tower Pro is now free for students and teachers and educational institutions! Table of Contents Introduction About Graphite Setting Up Graphite in Tower 10 Working with Graphite in Tower 10 Other Improvements We make Tower, the best Git client. Try Tower Now Search the Blog Related Posts Meet Graphite – The AI Developer Productivity Platform Tired of endless code review cycles? Find out how Graphite's AI-powered platform and stacked PRs are helping teams like Asana and Vercel ship code faster. 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https://dev.to/t/cpp/page/7 | C++ Page 7 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close C++ Follow Hide Official tag for the C++ programming language. Create Post submission guidelines Articles and discussions should be directly related to the C++ programming language. (Not to be confused with C (#c) , Objective C (#objectivec) , or C# (#csharp) ) Questions are encouraged! (See the #help tag) Be careful when criticizing C++ as a language or platform; most such complaints are old news. Criticisms are permitted, but please keep such discussions polite and objective. about #cpp C++ is a compiled programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1985. It offers features of imperative, object-oriented, and generic programming. The current language standard is C++20 . Documentation cppreference.com CPlusPlus.com Compilers Clang/LLVM GCC Microsoft Visual C++ Complete list... Older #cpp posts 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu C++ development with Docker + VSCode Tenry Tenry Tenry Follow Nov 2 '25 C++ development with Docker + VSCode # cpp # docker # vscode 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Tegen v0.1.0 is live! Mickyas Tesfaye Mickyas Tesfaye Mickyas Tesfaye Follow Nov 3 '25 Tegen v0.1.0 is live! # cpp 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read C++ Linked List Tutorial for Beginners: Concepts, Examples & Logic Explained Manas Ranjan Manas Ranjan Manas Ranjan Follow Oct 29 '25 C++ Linked List Tutorial for Beginners: Concepts, Examples & Logic Explained # cpp # datastructures # programming # beginners 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 15 min read The Complete C++ Programming Language Guide Farhad Rahimi Klie Farhad Rahimi Klie Farhad Rahimi Klie Follow Dec 2 '25 The Complete C++ Programming Language Guide # cpp # programming # performance # coding 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read libmalloc, jemalloc, tcmalloc, mimalloc - Exploring Different Memory Allocators Frank Rosner Frank Rosner Frank Rosner Follow Dec 1 '25 libmalloc, jemalloc, tcmalloc, mimalloc - Exploring Different Memory Allocators # cpp # benchmarking # memory # performance 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 17 min read VPN using C++ POCO library Manjunatha B Manjunatha B Manjunatha B Follow Oct 28 '25 VPN using C++ POCO library # cpp Comments Add Comment 1 min read Conan in Neovim: One command to rule them all Silletr Silletr Silletr Follow Nov 30 '25 Conan in Neovim: One command to rule them all # neovim # vim # cpp # c 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Taint analysis in PVS-Studio C and C++ analyzer Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Follow Oct 27 '25 Taint analysis in PVS-Studio C and C++ analyzer # cpp # c # programming # security 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read 6 months CSE - The System Suite cz writes cz writes cz writes Follow Oct 26 '25 6 months CSE - The System Suite # sideprojects # learning # cpp # computerscience Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why C++ Still Matters: A Modern Look for Today’s Developers Tomáš Svojanovský Tomáš Svojanovský Tomáš Svojanovský Follow Nov 28 '25 Why C++ Still Matters: A Modern Look for Today’s Developers # cpp # programming # beginners 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read C++ - instalación y configuración en Ubuntu Oscar Pincho Oscar Pincho Oscar Pincho Follow Nov 28 '25 C++ - instalación y configuración en Ubuntu # cpp # tutorial # ubuntu # linux Comments Add Comment 5 min read A Universe of Triangles. Adwaith Jayasankar Adwaith Jayasankar Adwaith Jayasankar Follow Nov 16 '25 A Universe of Triangles. # cpp # matrix # imagerendering # videogames 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Day 27 of #30DaysOfCode JustACoder JustACoder JustACoder Follow Oct 23 '25 Day 27 of #30DaysOfCode # devchallenge # algorithms # devjournal # cpp Comments Add Comment 1 min read A Day in My C++ Learning Journey: My First Mini Project is Stone, Paper, Scissor Game Mohammed Ali Alamoudi Mohammed Ali Alamoudi Mohammed Ali Alamoudi Follow Oct 21 '25 A Day in My C++ Learning Journey: My First Mini Project is Stone, Paper, Scissor Game # programming # tutorial # cpp # beginners Comments Add Comment 1 min read Modern C++: Variadic Templates Swastik Baranwal Swastik Baranwal Swastik Baranwal Follow Nov 12 '25 Modern C++: Variadic Templates # cpp # beginners # tutorial 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read const and constexpr MinBapE MinBapE MinBapE Follow Nov 24 '25 const and constexpr # beginners # cpp # learning Comments 1 comment 3 min read My First Deep Dive into DSA: Solving Problems Step by Step LAKSHMI MEGHANA CHENNUPALLI LAKSHMI MEGHANA CHENNUPALLI LAKSHMI MEGHANA CHENNUPALLI Follow Oct 22 '25 My First Deep Dive into DSA: Solving Problems Step by Step # algorithms # tutorial # beginners # cpp Comments Add Comment 1 min read Neovim and Unreal Engine Workflow Thomas Brandoli Thomas Brandoli Thomas Brandoli Follow Oct 20 '25 Neovim and Unreal Engine Workflow # neovim # unrealengine # vim # cpp Comments Add Comment 9 min read TCP Variable-Length Packet Handling MinBapE MinBapE MinBapE Follow Nov 22 '25 TCP Variable-Length Packet Handling # cpp # networking 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory Part 1 Hamza Hasanain Hamza Hasanain Hamza Hasanain Follow Nov 21 '25 What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory Part 1 # cpp # architecture # computerscience # books 13 reactions Comments 7 comments 19 min read Building a Professional PX4 Development Environment with Docker, ROS2, and VS Code Oluwadara James Odukoya Oluwadara James Odukoya Oluwadara James Odukoya Follow Nov 1 '25 Building a Professional PX4 Development Environment with Docker, ROS2, and VS Code # robotics # px4 # ros2 # cpp 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 10 min read Operator Overloading (Binary & Unary) in C++ Jyoti Jingar Jyoti Jingar Jyoti Jingar Follow Nov 11 '25 Operator Overloading (Binary & Unary) in C++ # beginners # cpp # tutorial Comments 1 comment 2 min read Building the PVS-Studio megapolis Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Follow Nov 21 '25 Building the PVS-Studio megapolis # cpp # vscode # programming # testing 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Analyzing Network Infrastructure Vulnerabilities with CXXGraph: A Practical Guide ZigRazor ZigRazor ZigRazor Follow Nov 10 '25 Analyzing Network Infrastructure Vulnerabilities with CXXGraph: A Practical Guide # cpp # graphs # algorithms # opensource 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Guía de Reversing para vftables/vptr y RTTI en x64 Victor Gonzalez Victor Gonzalez Victor Gonzalez Follow Oct 17 '25 Guía de Reversing para vftables/vptr y RTTI en x64 # cpp # reversing # ida # programming Comments Add Comment 6 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://open.forem.com/privacy#7-retention-of-personal-information | Privacy Policy - Open Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. 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https://dev.to/willholmes | Will Holmes - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Will Holmes A self taught full-stack developer since 2015, living in the UK. Location England Joined Joined on Dec 13, 2020 Email address will@willholmes.dev Personal website https://willholmes.dev github website Work Full Stack Developer Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. 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Got it Close More info about @willholmes Post 12 posts published Comment 27 comments written Tag 18 tags followed Pin Pinned An intro to styled components in your react project Will Holmes Will Holmes Will Holmes Follow Jan 3 '21 An intro to styled components in your react project # react # webdev # css # beginners 42 reactions Comments 7 comments 3 min read Migrating to NextJs 13 Will Holmes Will Holmes Will Holmes Follow Nov 8 '22 Migrating to NextJs 13 # nextjs # typescript # javascript # react 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Want to connect with Will Holmes? Create an account to connect with Will Holmes. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Multi Nested Dynamic Routes in NextJs Will Holmes Will Holmes Will Holmes Follow Jul 20 '22 Multi Nested Dynamic Routes in NextJs # nextjs # javascript # tutorial # react 10 reactions Comments 5 comments 1 min read A UseDarkMode react hook for everyone! Will Holmes Will Holmes Will Holmes Follow May 23 '22 A UseDarkMode react hook for everyone! # javascript # webdev # nextjs # react 14 reactions Comments 15 comments 2 min read Feature Flags in Next.JS Will Holmes Will Holmes Will Holmes Follow Mar 25 '22 Feature Flags in Next.JS # nextjs # javascript # react # webdev 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read You don't need to know it all Will Holmes Will Holmes Will Holmes Follow Feb 9 '22 You don't need to know it all # beginners # webdev # career # productivity 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why I think Jest is better than Mocha & Chai Will Holmes Will Holmes Will Holmes Follow Jan 20 '21 Why I think Jest is better than Mocha & Chai # javascript # testing # beginners # codenewbie 29 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read Why Netlify has mastered CI/CD Will Holmes Will Holmes Will Holmes Follow Jan 11 '21 Why Netlify has mastered CI/CD # beginners # webdev # netlify # javascript 27 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read TailwindCSS vs Styled-Components in ReactJs Will Holmes Will Holmes Will Holmes Follow Jan 10 '21 TailwindCSS vs Styled-Components in ReactJs # beginners # css # javascript # react 75 reactions Comments 37 comments 5 min read Material UI Theme for JetBrains Rider Will Holmes Will Holmes Will Holmes Follow Jan 5 '21 Material UI Theme for JetBrains Rider # csharp # tooling # dotnet # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building a portfolio site in GatsbyJS Will Holmes Will Holmes Will Holmes Follow Jan 1 '21 Building a portfolio site in GatsbyJS # gatsby # javascript # webdev # beginners 41 reactions Comments 3 comments 3 min read Docker 101 - For Beginners Will Holmes Will Holmes Will Holmes Follow Dec 13 '20 Docker 101 - For Beginners # docker # serverless # webdev # codenewbie 30 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # terminal Follow Hide Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Your CLI's completion should know what options you've already typed Hong Minhee Hong Minhee Hong Minhee Follow Jan 13 Your CLI's completion should know what options you've already typed # typescript # javascript # cli # terminal Comments Add Comment 4 min read Transform Vim Into a Powerful IDE with File Tree Navigation ITpraktika.com ITpraktika.com ITpraktika.com Follow Jan 5 Transform Vim Into a Powerful IDE with File Tree Navigation # vim # linux # terminal # productivity Comments Add Comment 5 min read aliasctl - Modern Bash Alias Manager with Beautiful UI ITpraktika.com ITpraktika.com ITpraktika.com Follow Jan 5 aliasctl - Modern Bash Alias Manager with Beautiful UI # bash # linux # terminal # productivity Comments Add Comment 4 min read TabbySpaces - visual workspace editor for Tabby terminal Igor Halilovic Igor Halilovic Igor Halilovic Follow Jan 3 TabbySpaces - visual workspace editor for Tabby terminal # showdev # terminal # cli # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read Wisteria – A Neovim Color Scheme Designed for Transparent Terminals masisz masisz masisz Follow Jan 2 Wisteria – A Neovim Color Scheme Designed for Transparent Terminals # neovim # colorsheme # terminal Comments Add Comment 3 min read Get Notified When Long-Running Commands Finish in PowerShell 7 Jack Scott Jack Scott Jack Scott Follow Jan 7 Get Notified When Long-Running Commands Finish in PowerShell 7 # powershell # windows # terminal # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read Ditch Context Switching: Wave Terminal Unifies Your CLI, Browser, and AI GitHubOpenSource GitHubOpenSource GitHubOpenSource Follow Jan 1 Ditch Context Switching: Wave Terminal Unifies Your CLI, Browser, and AI # terminal # developer # ai # open Comments Add Comment 3 min read Install SDKMAN in Ubuntu Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Mujahid Follow Jan 1 Install SDKMAN in Ubuntu # ubuntu # sdkman # terminal Comments Add Comment 1 min read Mac 터미널 필수 명령어 모음 dss99911 dss99911 dss99911 Follow Dec 31 '25 Mac 터미널 필수 명령어 모음 # tools # mac # terminal # bash Comments Add Comment 2 min read Zellij — A Modern Terminal Multiplexer Built for Developers Yashraj Singh Yashraj Singh Yashraj Singh Follow Dec 28 '25 Zellij — A Modern Terminal Multiplexer Built for Developers # terminal # productivity # devtools # rust 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read iTerm2 + tmux -CC: The Remote Development Setup Nobody Talks About Eugene Oleinik Eugene Oleinik Eugene Oleinik Follow Dec 25 '25 iTerm2 + tmux -CC: The Remote Development Setup Nobody Talks About # terminal # tmux # ssh # remotedevelopment Comments Add Comment 4 min read Modern CLI Deep Dive: Why Rust and GPU Terminals Change Everything in 2025 DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Dec 24 '25 Modern CLI Deep Dive: Why Rust and GPU Terminals Change Everything in 2025 # news # cli # devtools # terminal Comments Add Comment 15 min read Displaying Images in lf with Kitty and Tmux CodeCadim by Brahim Hamdouni CodeCadim by Brahim Hamdouni CodeCadim by Brahim Hamdouni Follow Jan 3 Displaying Images in lf with Kitty and Tmux # terminal # kitty # linux # lf Comments Add Comment 2 min read Automate Your Terminal Setup with PowerShell: Installing Starship Prompt krlz krlz krlz Follow Dec 23 '25 Automate Your Terminal Setup with PowerShell: Installing Starship Prompt # powershell # terminal # productivity # windows Comments Add Comment 3 min read A Practical Windows Terminal Setup with Git Bash and Automatic Pane Layout Tuner9696 Tuner9696 Tuner9696 Follow Dec 20 '25 A Practical Windows Terminal Setup with Git Bash and Automatic Pane Layout # windows # terminal # gitbash Comments Add Comment 2 min read Unlimited Terminal History with FZF: Never Lose a Command Again ITpraktika.com ITpraktika.com ITpraktika.com Follow Jan 3 Unlimited Terminal History with FZF: Never Lose a Command Again # linux # bash # terminal # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read The Great Terminal Prompt Revolution: Why I Replaced Years of Config With a Single Character Efi Talor Efi Talor Efi Talor Follow Dec 19 '25 The Great Terminal Prompt Revolution: Why I Replaced Years of Config With a Single Character # terminal # tooling # devops # productivity Comments Add Comment 5 min read Taming Windows Terminal's win32-input-mode in Go ConPTY Applications Andy Brummer Andy Brummer Andy Brummer Follow Dec 15 '25 Taming Windows Terminal's win32-input-mode in Go ConPTY Applications # go # win32 # terminal # pty Comments Add Comment 5 min read Building Terminal UIs with Svelte 5: Introducing SvelTUI Rodrigo Luglio Rodrigo Luglio Rodrigo Luglio Follow Dec 10 '25 Building Terminal UIs with Svelte 5: Introducing SvelTUI # svelte # cli # terminal # javascript Comments Add Comment 3 min read 5 Terminal Commands That Saved Me Hours of Clicking Maame Afua A. P. Fordjour Maame Afua A. P. Fordjour Maame Afua A. P. Fordjour Follow Dec 19 '25 5 Terminal Commands That Saved Me Hours of Clicking # terminal # webdev # programming 72 reactions Comments 35 comments 4 min read Oh My Posh ❤️ Claude Code Jan De Dobbeleer Jan De Dobbeleer Jan De Dobbeleer Follow Dec 28 '25 Oh My Posh ❤️ Claude Code # claude # ai # terminal # prompt 12 reactions Comments 3 comments 4 min read Gitlogue: Turning Your Commit History into a Cinematic Terminal Experience GitHubOpenSource GitHubOpenSource GitHubOpenSource Follow Dec 18 '25 Gitlogue: Turning Your Commit History into a Cinematic Terminal Experience # git # terminal # rust # visualization 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Pequenos atalhos Git que deixaram meu fluxo de trabalho muito mais rápido Leonardo Rodrigues Leonardo Rodrigues Leonardo Rodrigues Follow Dec 1 '25 Pequenos atalhos Git que deixaram meu fluxo de trabalho muito mais rápido # git # produtividade # terminal # opensource Comments Add Comment 3 min read Small shortcuts that made my Git workflow easier Leonardo Rodrigues Leonardo Rodrigues Leonardo Rodrigues Follow Dec 1 '25 Small shortcuts that made my Git workflow easier # git # productivity # terminal # opensource Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🚀 Terminal Efficiency Unleashed: Meet the Textual TUI for Winget for Windows Sudhanshu Ambastha Sudhanshu Ambastha Sudhanshu Ambastha Follow Nov 29 '25 🚀 Terminal Efficiency Unleashed: Meet the Textual TUI for Winget for Windows # cli # terminal # python # microsoftwindows 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... trending guides/resources 5 Terminal Commands That Saved Me Hours of Clicking Oh My Posh ❤️ Claude Code Resolving Agent "Terminal Blindness" Gemini 3 Flash is now available in Gemini CLI Gemini CLI Hidden Features: Automatic Session Saving How I Built Kerminal: A Free, Open-Source Terminal & SSH Manager with Multi-Device Sync Gitlogue: Turning Your Commit History into a Cinematic Terminal Experience Warp’s New “Build” Plan: Progress or Paywall? 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This VSCode Extension Will Transform Your Terminal Workflow Create a Text Editor With Go - Welcome Screen TabbySpaces - visual workspace editor for Tabby terminal Get Notified When Long-Running Commands Finish in PowerShell 7 Unlimited Terminal History with FZF: Never Lose a Command Again 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a blogging-forward open source social network where we learn from one another Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Testing Follow Hide Find those bugs before your users do! 🐛 Create Post Older #testing posts 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Teste E2E (end-to-end) Tarcisio C. Uchoa Tarcisio C. Uchoa Tarcisio C. Uchoa Follow Feb 10 '25 Teste E2E (end-to-end) # e2e # playwright # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read Software Testing for REST APIs: A Practical Guide with TypeScript, Express, and Prisma-MongoDB Seraphin Brice Kouam Seraphin Brice Kouam Seraphin Brice Kouam Follow Feb 10 '25 Software Testing for REST APIs: A Practical Guide with TypeScript, Express, and Prisma-MongoDB # testing # api # typescript # mongodb 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building a Robust Test Automation Framework: Key Considerations and Best Practices jyothsna devi jyothsna devi jyothsna devi Follow Feb 10 '25 Building a Robust Test Automation Framework: Key Considerations and Best Practices # testing # automation Comments Add Comment 6 min read Adding A Feature to Cypress.JS Raymond Raymond Raymond Follow Feb 10 '25 Adding A Feature to Cypress.JS # graphql # testing # typescript # vue Comments Add Comment 10 min read Self-Testing Strategies for FE Lucy Lucy Lucy Follow Mar 5 '25 Self-Testing Strategies for FE # testing # webdev Comments Add Comment 1 min read I Dared ChatGPT to Prove Testing Is Worth It—Here's What Happened Gaurav Singh Gaurav Singh Gaurav Singh Follow Feb 10 '25 I Dared ChatGPT to Prove Testing Is Worth It—Here's What Happened # testing # chatgpt # devjournal # learning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Testing Go Test Helpers Rafal Zajac Rafal Zajac Rafal Zajac Follow Mar 15 '25 Testing Go Test Helpers # go # testing # programming Comments Add Comment 5 min read Implementing Automated End-to-End Testing: Leveraging Your CI/CD with Your Cloud Development Kit (CDK) App Dr. Malte Polley Dr. Malte Polley Dr. Malte Polley Follow for AWS Community Builders Mar 15 '25 Implementing Automated End-to-End Testing: Leveraging Your CI/CD with Your Cloud Development Kit (CDK) App # cdk # serverless # automation # testing 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Running Postman Collections in Jenkins Abubakkar Sithik Abubakkar Sithik Abubakkar Sithik Follow Feb 9 '25 Running Postman Collections in Jenkins # jenkins # automation # devops # testing 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to be Test Driven with Spark: Chapter 5: Leverage spark in a container Nicoda-27 Nicoda-27 Nicoda-27 Follow Mar 15 '25 How to be Test Driven with Spark: Chapter 5: Leverage spark in a container # pyspark # python # testing # productivity Comments Add Comment 8 min read Turning testing frameworks "post-it notes" into a Testing Arsenal Tymoteusz Stępień Tymoteusz Stępień Tymoteusz Stępień Follow Mar 14 '25 Turning testing frameworks "post-it notes" into a Testing Arsenal # testing # architecture # programming # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Bizarre bfcache Behavior Besworks Besworks Besworks Follow Mar 14 '25 Bizarre bfcache Behavior # webdev # javascript # testing # bfcache Comments Add Comment 3 min read m files in GitHub Luisa Consiglieri Luisa Consiglieri Luisa Consiglieri Follow Feb 8 '25 m files in GitHub # testing # github # matlab # octave Comments Add Comment 1 min read ♎Creating Mock Server for APIs: Postman or Apidog🤔 Wanda Wanda Wanda Follow Feb 21 '25 ♎Creating Mock Server for APIs: Postman or Apidog🤔 # api # mocking # testing # frontend 12 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read Manual Testing Techniques and future of manual testing in the age of AI Indu Karthick kumar Indu Karthick kumar Indu Karthick kumar Follow Mar 14 '25 Manual Testing Techniques and future of manual testing in the age of AI # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read What should I prioritize on error checking? Amine IZEM Amine IZEM Amine IZEM Follow Feb 8 '25 What should I prioritize on error checking? # testing Comments Add Comment 1 min read TDD vs BDD: Which Testing Method Drives Better Code Quality? Torin Vale Torin Vale Torin Vale Follow Mar 13 '25 TDD vs BDD: Which Testing Method Drives Better Code Quality? # testing # webdev # mobile # programming 26 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read The Biggest QA Myths – Debunked Brianna Brianna Brianna Follow Mar 13 '25 The Biggest QA Myths – Debunked # qualityassurance # qa # softwaretesting # testing 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 2 min read Selenium Commands List: The Ultimate Reference Guide Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Mar 13 '25 Selenium Commands List: The Ultimate Reference Guide # selenium # java # testing # webdev 21 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Exploratory Testing on Cars.ng: Findings and Recommendations Lucy Alfred Joshua Lucy Alfred Joshua Lucy Alfred Joshua Follow Feb 7 '25 Exploratory Testing on Cars.ng: Findings and Recommendations # testing # hng Comments Add Comment 3 min read Streamlining Cypress Test Automation with cypress-plugin-steps Saurabh Naigaonkar Saurabh Naigaonkar Saurabh Naigaonkar Follow Mar 13 '25 Streamlining Cypress Test Automation with cypress-plugin-steps # cypress # testing # automation 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Understanding Component Testing: A Practical Guide Serhat Ozdursun Serhat Ozdursun Serhat Ozdursun Follow Mar 13 '25 Understanding Component Testing: A Practical Guide # qa # testing # cicd # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Mieux tester en optimisant la génération de données de test : Panorama des patterns Jérémy Chauvin Jérémy Chauvin Jérémy Chauvin Follow Mar 13 '25 Mieux tester en optimisant la génération de données de test : Panorama des patterns # testing # softwarecraft # french # typescript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 8 min read Mieux tester en optimisant la génération de données de test : Panorama des patterns Manon Carbonnel Manon Carbonnel Manon Carbonnel Follow Mar 13 '25 Mieux tester en optimisant la génération de données de test : Panorama des patterns # testing # typescript # softwarecraft # france 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 8 min read Exploratory Testing on Cars.ng Korious Korious Korious Follow Feb 7 '25 Exploratory Testing on Cars.ng # testing # webdev Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dumb.dev.to/privacy#c-information-collected-from-other-sources | Privacy Policy - DUMB DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DUMB DEV Community Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DUMB DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DUMB DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dumb.dev.to/privacy#a-information-you-provide-to-us-directly | Privacy Policy - DUMB DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DUMB DEV Community Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DUMB DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DUMB DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://www.highlight.io/blog/podcast-ep12-traceloop-nir-gazit | Highlight Pod Episode #12: Traceloop Founder Nir Gazit Pricing Customers Blog Careers Docs Highlight Pod #12: Traceloop Co-Founder Nir Gazit Sign up Back Apr 4, 2023 • 8 min. read Our Commitment to OpenTelemetry Engineering Observability OpenTelemetry Apr 30, 2024 • 17 min. read Optimizing Clickhouse: The Tactics That Worked for Us Product Updates Mar 14, 2024 • 4 min. read Real-time Monitoring in Django: Essential Tools and Techniques Engineering Observability May 24, 2024 • 2 min read Highlight Pod #12: Traceloop Co-Founder Nir Gazit Company Chris Esplin Software Engineer Traceloop: Observability for LLM Applications As more companies build production applications powered by large language models (LLMs), they are encountering challenges around monitoring and evaluating the quality of these AI model outputs. OpenLLMetry Traceloop has created an open source project called OpenLLMetry that provides instrumentation to capture prompts, completions, and other metadata from LLMs during runtime. This data is sent to Traceloop's observability platform, which offers a suite of metrics to evaluate output quality aspects like relevance, repetitiveness, safety violations, and more. The platform allows narrowing in on instances where models may be hallucinating or generating low-quality responses. Traceloop is also working with vendors like Microsoft and Apple to define OpenTelemetry conventions specifically for LLM observability use cases. With AI systems becoming increasingly complex and multi-modal, having purpose-built monitoring tools will be critical for responsible enterprise adoption. Connect @nir_ga traceloop.com Comments ( 0 ) Name Email Your Message New Comment Other articles you may like Apr 4, 2023 • 8 min. read Our Commitment to OpenTelemetry Engineering Observability OpenTelemetry Apr 30, 2024 • 17 min. read Optimizing Clickhouse: The Tactics That Worked for Us Product Updates Mar 14, 2024 • 4 min. read Real-time Monitoring in Django: Essential Tools and Techniques Engineering Observability Try Highlight Today Get the visibility you need Get started for free Product Pricing Sign up Features Privacy & Security Customers Session Replay Error Monitoring Logging Competitors LogRocket Hotjar Fullstory Smartlook Inspectlet Datadog Sentry Site24x7 Sprig Mouseflow Pendo Heap LogicMonitor Last9 Axiom Better Stack HyperDX Dash0 Developers Changelog Documentation Ambassadors Frameworks React Next.js Angular Gatsby.js Svelte.js Vue.js Express Golang Next.js Node.js Rails Hono Contact & Legal Terms of Service Privacy Policy Careers sales@highlight.io security@highlight.io [object Object] | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://www.chrisesplin.com/ | Chris Esplin chris esplin Video My videos are on YouTube Writing I'm compiling my writing . Resume / Consulting I respond to everything and I do my best to help. email resume LinkedIn Projects I work as a software engineer and fractional startup CTO. I've developed a bit of a specialty around rescuing troubled React projects and JavaScript/TypeScript projects. I pride myself in my ability to ship. I'm perfectly happy to chip away at an application for months, averaging 1-2 hours/day. I find that moving slowly allows me time to see around corners. I don't rush into solutions. See my projects list for the details. > 200 hours Jan 2024 - Present https://www.therapyanimalhub.com/ Contributors @ChrisEsplin Technologies React Server Components Next.js Panda CSS Firebase > 300 hours Jan 2024 - July 2024 https://www.quiverphotos.com/ Contributors @ChrisEsplin Technologies Firebase Wails React Golang Panda CSS PocketBase > 200 hours October 2022 - April 2023 https://photos.chrisesplin.com/ Contributors @ChrisEsplin Technologies Firebase GitHub Actions React Next.js Emotion CSS LevelDB WebSockets 197 hours January - March 2020 https://www.colossal.tools Contributors @ChrisEsplin @Melissapher Technologies Firebase BigQuery Google Cloud Build Docker React Next.js 255 hours February - September 2019 https://www.hiitclock.com/ Contributors @ChrisEsplin Technologies Firebase Google Cloud Build Docker React Next.js 39 hours December 2018 - February 2019 https://pixels.chrisesplin.com/ Contributors @ChrisEsplin Technologies Firebase React Chrome Extensions 62 hours December 2018 https://bunches.chrisesplin.com/ Contributors @ChrisEsplin Technologies Firebase React Next.js 353 hours July - November 2018 https://www.calligraphy.org/ Contributors @ChrisEsplin @Melissapher Technologies Firebase Shopify GitHub React Next.js 479 hours November 2017 - July 2018 https://www.fullstackfirebase.com/ Contributors @ChrisEsplin @JuarezPAF Technologies Firebase Adobe Premiere Adobe Audition > 100 hours February 2016 - August 2018 https://howtofirebase.com/ Contributors @ChrisEsplin Technologies Firebase > 200 hours February 2016 - August 2018 https://www.youtube.com/ChrisEsplin Contributors @ChrisEsplin Technologies Firebase Adobe Premiere Adobe Audition Resume Projects Writing Email Twitter YouTube GitHub LinkedIn | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://dumb.dev.to/privacy#a-provide-our-services | Privacy Policy - DUMB DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DUMB DEV Community Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DUMB DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DUMB DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/t/testing/page/80 | Testing Page 80 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Testing Follow Hide Find those bugs before your users do! 🐛 Create Post Older #testing posts 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Introducing Feather Wand: Your AI-Powered Companion for JMeter NaveenKumar Namachivayam ⚡ NaveenKumar Namachivayam ⚡ NaveenKumar Namachivayam ⚡ Follow Mar 4 '25 Introducing Feather Wand: Your AI-Powered Companion for JMeter # java # ai # testing # performance 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read Leveraging Mock Service Workers for NestJS e2e tests Thiago Valentim Thiago Valentim Thiago Valentim Follow Mar 4 '25 Leveraging Mock Service Workers for NestJS e2e tests # nestjs # testing # msw # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 14 min read The Ultimate Guide to Sandbox Environments: Safe & Efficient Software Testing Torin Vale Torin Vale Torin Vale Follow Mar 4 '25 The Ultimate Guide to Sandbox Environments: Safe & Efficient Software Testing # testing # webdev # mobile # programming 6 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read Back in the Classroom Stacy Cashmore Stacy Cashmore Stacy Cashmore Follow Mar 3 '25 Back in the Classroom # learning # testing # students # speaking 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Definitive Guide to AI Benchmarks: Comparing Models, Testing Your Own, and Understanding the Future Dilpreet Grover Dilpreet Grover Dilpreet Grover Follow Mar 3 '25 Definitive Guide to AI Benchmarks: Comparing Models, Testing Your Own, and Understanding the Future # ai # testing # benchmark 25 reactions Comments 2 comments 7 min read Rethinking AI in the Future of QA and Testing Signadot Signadot Signadot Follow Mar 3 '25 Rethinking AI in the Future of QA and Testing # ai # testing # devops # microservices 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Creating Test Jars in Maven for multi-module projects Thomas Thomas Thomas Follow Mar 3 '25 Creating Test Jars in Maven for multi-module projects # java # springboot # maven # testing 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read debugging tips Nica Angel Pascua Zabala Nica Angel Pascua Zabala Nica Angel Pascua Zabala Follow Jan 28 '25 debugging tips # softwaredevelopment # testing # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read Smart Ephemeral Environments: Share More, Copy Less Signadot Signadot Signadot Follow Feb 10 '25 Smart Ephemeral Environments: Share More, Copy Less # testing # devops # microservices # productivity 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Accessing Localhost from Another Device: Vite, Next.js, React & Express Guide Mahmud Rahman Mahmud Rahman Mahmud Rahman Follow Mar 3 '25 Accessing Localhost from Another Device: Vite, Next.js, React & Express Guide # webdev # networking # localhost # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read Unit Testing Without Tears: How CodeBeaver Turned Testing from 'pytest run pain' to 'git push joy' 🚀 Vittorio Banfi Vittorio Banfi Vittorio Banfi Follow Feb 10 '25 Unit Testing Without Tears: How CodeBeaver Turned Testing from 'pytest run pain' to 'git push joy' 🚀 # opensource # webdev # tooling # testing 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Use case for self-healing tests with a local LLM Nikolay Breykin Nikolay Breykin Nikolay Breykin Follow Mar 2 '25 Use case for self-healing tests with a local LLM # programming # ai # testing # qa 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read API testing through simulations Myroslav Vivcharyk Myroslav Vivcharyk Myroslav Vivcharyk Follow Mar 2 '25 API testing through simulations # go # api # testing # hoverfly 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read How to be Test Driven with Spark: Chapter 3 - First Spark test Nicoda-27 Nicoda-27 Nicoda-27 Follow Mar 1 '25 How to be Test Driven with Spark: Chapter 3 - First Spark test # spark # python # testing # productivity Comments Add Comment 7 min read Understanding Non-Regression Testing: A Time-Saving Approach Calder Hayes Calder Hayes Calder Hayes Follow Feb 18 '25 Understanding Non-Regression Testing: A Time-Saving Approach # testing # ai # regression # nonregression 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Katalon vs TestGrid— Which Software Testing Tool is Better for You? Jace Reed Jace Reed Jace Reed Follow Feb 18 '25 Katalon vs TestGrid— Which Software Testing Tool is Better for You? # testing # ai # testgrid # softwaretesting 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Automated web application testing with AI and Playwright Rachel-Lee Nabors Rachel-Lee Nabors Rachel-Lee Nabors Follow Feb 28 '25 Automated web application testing with AI and Playwright # testing # automation Comments Add Comment 9 min read Load balancing Cypress tests without Cypress Cloud Zachary Hamm Zachary Hamm Zachary Hamm Follow Feb 28 '25 Load balancing Cypress tests without Cypress Cloud # showdev # cypress # automation # testing Comments Add Comment 10 min read How to create a test ecosystem Will Drygla Will Drygla Will Drygla Follow Feb 28 '25 How to create a test ecosystem # jest # api # testing # codequality 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Pull request testing on Kubernetes: vCluster for isolation and costs control Nicolas Fränkel Nicolas Fränkel Nicolas Fränkel Follow for LoftLabs Feb 27 '25 Pull request testing on Kubernetes: vCluster for isolation and costs control # devops # testing # kubernetes 11 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Hack & Test: Merging Mutation, Property, Hypothesis, and Chaos Testing in Penetration Testing Mr. 0x1 Mr. 0x1 Mr. 0x1 Follow Feb 27 '25 Hack & Test: Merging Mutation, Property, Hypothesis, and Chaos Testing in Penetration Testing # hack # testing # programming 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read Engineering a Seamlessly Connected World: Spring into APIs with OpenAPI Automation & WireMock Testing at GCash Gladwin Ferdz Del Rosario Gladwin Ferdz Del Rosario Gladwin Ferdz Del Rosario Follow for Kakacomputer Feb 27 '25 Engineering a Seamlessly Connected World: Spring into APIs with OpenAPI Automation & WireMock Testing at GCash # programming # api # testing # java 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Why Your Microservice Integration Tests Miss Real Problems Signadot Signadot Signadot Follow Jan 24 '25 Why Your Microservice Integration Tests Miss Real Problems # microservices # devops # testing # cicd 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Role of API Automation Testing and Mobile App Usability Testing in QA Steve Joseph Steve Joseph Steve Joseph Follow Feb 27 '25 Role of API Automation Testing and Mobile App Usability Testing in QA # webdev # qa # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read Can a high quality software test suite let you get away with low quality code? Nikolaos Gkogktzilas Nikolaos Gkogktzilas Nikolaos Gkogktzilas Follow Jan 24 '25 Can a high quality software test suite let you get away with low quality code? # softwaredevelopment # testing # architecture Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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https://open.forem.com/privacy#4-how-we-disclose-your-information | Privacy Policy - Open Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Open Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where all the other conversations belong Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://dumb.dev.to/bingkahu/gemini-told-me-it-had-20-years-in-coding-experience-and-spent-2-hours-debugging-a-for-loop-42p7#comments | Gemini told me it had 20 years in coding experience and spent 2 hours debugging a for-loop - DUMB DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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It bragged about building complex game engines, unofficial wikis, and massive websites through GitHub, but then it absolutely folded when it saw a basic for loop. We spent the next two hours staring at the screen together in silence. Turns out, "senior developer" just means you've made the same mistake so many times you've started calling it a feature. 10/10 experience, would debug nothing again. Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Technical Evangelist | AI Researcher | Simplifying Complex AI & Agent Workflows for Developers Email omshree0709@gmail.com Location India Education Jaypee University Of Information Technology Pronouns He/Him Work Founder of Shreesozo Joined Feb 27, 2025 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide 😂😂😂 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse bingkahu Follow Full-stack developer focused on decentralized communication and privacy-centric web applications. Lead maintainer of CodeChat, an open-source peer-to-peer messaging platform built on WebRTC and PeerJS Education School Work Student Joined Jan 11, 2026 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DUMB DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DUMB DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://www.wellally.tech/ | WellAlly 康心伴 Home Products Blog About 中文 Login Sign Up Your Personal Health Manager Health Management Made Simple Systematically manage your family's health data. Every medical record stored securely, every health decision backed by data. Try For Free Watch Demo Completely Free Data Encrypted No Credit Card Required Ms. Li · Biochemical Indicators Latest Check: Nov 25, 2024 Health Overview Overall Good 85 92 78 88 95 Blood Pressure Blood Sugar Cholesterol Liver Function Kidney Function Excellent (90-100) Good (80-89) Fair (70-79) Avg Score 87.6 Improved 3 items Attention 1 items Cumulative Radiation 12.5 mSv/year Safe Range Surgery History 3 times Historical Records Complete Record Surg Surgery Records GB Cholecystectomy 2021 Year App Appendectomy 2018 Year ☢ Radiation Monitoring 25% Safe Annual limit 50mSv Core Values Health · Trust · Companionship Three core values building your health protection system Health Our Ultimate Goal We believe proactive management is the foundation of health. WellAlly provides comprehensive personal health data management, helping you clearly understand your physical condition and make informed health decisions. Trust Our Core Commitment Say goodbye to anxiety from lost medical records and worry about forgotten doctor's advice. WellAlly uses secure and reliable technology to safeguard every precious record, giving you peace of mind when facing health issues. Companionship Our Product's Warmth We're not just a cold tool, but a loyal partner on your health journey. From daily medication reminders to remote family care, WellAlly is always by your side, providing the warmest protection and companionship. WellAlly 康心伴 WellAlly Health Tech Ltd. Founded 2024 WellAlly is a personal health record management platform focused on secure health data organization and long-term health tracking. Our Focus Areas Personal Health Records Health Data Management Medical Document Organization Health Tracking Tools Contact Us huifer97@163.com Contact Page Health Compliance : WellAlly is a health data management tool and does not provide medical diagnosis or treatment. WellAlly Personal Health Record Management Version 2.0.0 Web Platform 4.8 Rating 1000+ users Free No credit card Secure 256-bit encryption Active Real-time sync Core Features Medical Document Upload & Organization Lab Report Analysis Medication Tracking Health Data Visualization Secure Health Records Storage + 1 more features Why Choose WellAlly ? Secure & Private Your health data is encrypted and protected with bank-level security AI-Powered Insights Get intelligent health insights from your data patterns Health Focused Designed specifically for personal health management Cross-Platform Access your health data from any device, anywhere Technical Specifications Platform : Desktop , Tablet , Mobile Languages : English , Chinese Accessibility : WCAG 2.1 Compliant Updates : Regular feature updates Get Started Free View Demo Important : WellAlly is a health management tool and does not provide medical diagnosis, treatment, or professional medical advice. WellAlly Core Features Comprehensive tools for your personal health management Medical Document Upload & Organization Lab Report Analysis Medication Tracking Health Data Visualization Secure Health Records Storage Health Trend Analytics Try All Features Free Simple 3 Steps Easy Start to Health Management No complex setup required, start protecting your health in three simple steps 01 Sign Up Quick registration with phone or email, completely free with no credit card required 02 Enter Information Add personal health information, upload medical records, build health profile 03 Start Managing Set reminders, view data, stay informed about your and your family's health status Register for Free Now Systematic Management Complete Records Every Health Moment WellAlly helps you systematically manage all health data, from medical records to physical examination reports, from medication records to daily monitoring, giving you complete control over your health status. Complete medical records and case management Intelligently categorized examination report storage Clear health data visualization Convenient family member health management Learn More Features Mr. Zhang · Health Record Last Updated: Nov 28, 2024 Blood Pressure Trend (Last 3 Months) Stable Improvement 128/82 125/78 122/75 140 120 100 mmHg Early Sep Late Sep Late Oct Late Nov Systolic Diastolic Heart Rate 72 bpm Normal Range Blood Sugar 5.2 mmol/L Ideal Level Today's Medication BP Amlodipine 5mg · 8:00 AM Stm Omeprazole 20mg · Before Meal Vit Vitamin D3 800IU · After Dinner Completed Today 2/3 Health Score 85 Good This Month +5 Blood Pressure Improved +12 pts Medication Adherence +8 pts Start Your Health Management Journey Experience WellAlly now and make health management simple and professional Start Free View Demo WellAlly Product Features Pricing Company About Contact Resources Developer Schemas Knowledge Base Health Assessment Tools Sitemap Legal Privacy Policy Terms of Service License © 2025 WellAlly. 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https://stripe.com/en-lv/privacy | Chat with Stripe sales Privacy Policy Stripe logo Legal Stripe Privacy Policy & Privacy Center Privacy Policy Cookies Policy Data Privacy Framework Service Providers List Data Processing Agreement Supplier Data Processing Agreement Stripe Privacy Center Privacy Policy This Privacy Policy will be updated on January 16, 2026. Please review the upcoming changes here . Last updated: January 16, 2025 This Privacy Policy includes important information about your personal data and we encourage you to read it carefully. Welcome We provide financial infrastructure for the internet. Individuals and businesses of all sizes use our technology and services to facilitate purchases, accept payments, send payouts, and manage online businesses. This Privacy Policy (“Policy”) describes the Personal Data that we collect, how we use and share it, and details on how you can reach us with privacy-related inquiries. The Policy also outlines your rights and choices as a data subject, including the right to object to certain uses of your Personal Data. Depending on the activity, Stripe assumes the role of a “data controller” and/or “data processor” (or “service provider”). For more details about our privacy practices, including our role, the specific Stripe entity responsible under this Policy, and our legal bases for processing your Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . Defined Terms In this Policy, “Stripe”, “we”, “our,” or “us” refers to the Stripe entity responsible for the collection, use, and handling of Personal Data as described in this document. Depending on your jurisdiction, the specific Stripe entity accountable for your Personal Data might vary. Learn More . “Personal Data” refers to any information associated with an identified or identifiable individual, which can include data that you provide to us, and that we collect about you during your interaction with our Services (such as device information, IP address, etc.). “Services” refers to the products, services, devices, and applications, that we provide under the Stripe Services Agreement (“Business Services”) or the Stripe Consumer Terms of Service (“End User Services”); websites (“Sites”) like Stripe.com and Link.com; and other Stripe applications and online services. We provide Business Services to entities (“Business Users”). We provide End User Services directly to individuals for their personal use. “Financial Partners” are financial institutions, banks, and other partners such as payment method acquirers, payout providers, and card networks that we partner with to provide the Services. Depending on the context, “you” might be an End Customer, End User, Representative, or Visitor: End Users. When you use an End User Service, such as saving a payment method with Link, for personal use we refer to you as an “End User.” End Customers. When you are not directly transacting with Stripe, but we receive your Personal Data to provide Services to a Business User, including when you make a purchase from a Business User on a Stripe Checkout page or receive payments from a Business User, we refer to you as an “End Customer.” Representatives. When you are acting on behalf of an existing or potential Business User—perhaps as a company founder, account administrator for a Business User, or a recipient of an employee credit card from a Business User via Stripe Issuing—we refer to you as a “Representative.” Visitors. When you interact with Stripe by visiting a Site without being logged into a Stripe account, or when your interaction with Stripe does not involve you being an End User, End Customer, or Representative, we refer to you as a “Visitor.” For example, you are a Visitor when you send a message to Stripe asking for more information about our Services. In this Policy, “Transaction Data” refers to data collected and used by Stripe to facilitate transactions you request. Some Transaction Data is Personal Data and may include: your name, email address, contact number, billing and shipping address, payment method information (like credit or debit card number, bank account details, or payment card image chosen by you), merchant and location details, amount and date of purchase, and in some instances, information about what was purchased. 1. Personal Data that we collect and how we use and share it 2. More ways we collect, use and share Personal Data 3. Legal bases for processing data 4. Your rights and choices 5. Security and retention 6. International data transfers 7. Updates and notifications 8. Jurisdiction-specific provisions 9. Contact us 10. US Consumer Privacy Notice 1. Personal Data we collect and how we use and share it Our collection and use of Personal Data differs based on whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, and the specific Service that you are using. For example, if you're a sole proprietor who wants to use our Business Services, we may collect your Personal Data to onboard your business; at the same time, you might also be an End Customer if you've bought goods from another Business User that is using our Services for payment processing. You could also be an End User if you used our End User Service, such as Link, for those transactions. 1.1 End Users We provide End User Services when we provide the Services directly to you for your personal use (e.g., Link). Additional details regarding our collection, usage, and sharing of End User Personal Data, including the legal bases we rely on for processing such data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about End Users Using Link or Connecting your bank account . Stripe offers a service called "Link," which allows you to create an account and store information for future interactions with Stripe’s Services and Business Users. You may save a number of different kinds of Personal Data using Link. For instance, you may save your name, payment method details, contact information, and address to conveniently use saved information to pay for transactions across our Business Users. When you choose to pay with Link, we will also collect Transaction Data associated with your transactions. Learn More . You can also share and save bank account details to your Link account using Stripe’s Financial Connections product. When you use Financial Connections, Stripe will periodically collect and process your account information (such as bank account owner information, account balances, account number and details, account transactions, and, in some cases, log-in credentials). You can ask us to cease the collection of such data at any time. Learn More . You can also use your Link account to access services provided by Stripe’s partner businesses, such as Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) services or crypto wallet services. In these situations, we will collect and share additional Personal Data with partner businesses to facilitate your use of such services. You can save this information to your Link account to access similar services in the future. We may also receive certain information about you from partner businesses in connection with the services they provide. Learn More . Finally, you can use Link to store your identity documents (such as your driver’s license) so that you can share them in future interactions with Stripe or its Business Users. Paying Stripe . When you purchase goods or services directly from Stripe, we receive your Transaction Data. For instance, when you make a payment to Stripe Climate, we collect information about the transaction, as well as your contact and payment method details. Identity/Verification Services . We offer an identity verification service that automates the comparison of your identity document (such as a driver’s license) with your image (such as a selfie). You can separately consent to us using your biometric data to enhance our verification technology, with the option to revoke your consent at any time. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Users, including about your online activity and your engagement with our End User Services, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Users Services . We use and share your Personal Data to provide the End User Services to you, which includes support, personalization (such as language preferences and setting choices), and communication about our End User Services (such as communicating Policy updates and information about our Services). For example, Stripe may use cookies and similar technologies or the data you provide to our Business Users (such as when you input your email address on a Business User’s website) to recognize you and help you use Link when visiting our Business User’s website. Learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies in Stripe’s Cookie Policy . Our Business Users. When you use Link to make payments with our Business Users, we share your Personal Data, including name, contact information, payment method details, and Transaction Data with those Business Users. Learn More . You can also direct Stripe to share your saved bank account information and identity documents with Business Users you do business with. Once we share your Personal Data with Business Users, we may process that Personal Data as a Data Processor for those Business Users, as detailed in Section 1.2 of this Policy. You should consult the privacy policies of the Business Users’ you do business with for information on how they use the information shared with them. Fraud Detection and Loss Prevention . We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect fraud and prevent financial losses for you, us, and our Business Users and Financial Partners, including detecting unauthorized purchases. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those that use our fraud prevention-related Business Services (such as Stripe Radar), with Personal Data about you (including your attempted transactions) so that they can assess the fraud or loss risk associated with the transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, we may use your Personal Data, including Transaction Data, to assess your eligibility for, and offer you, other End User Services or promote existing End User Services, including through co-marketing with partners such as Stripe Business Users. Learn more . Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we use and share End User Personal Data with third party partners to allow us to advertise our End User Services to you, including through interest-based advertising, and to track the efficacy of such ads. We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third-party partners, such as advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services to you. Learn more . More . For further information about ways we may use and share End Users' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.2 End Customers Stripe provides various Business Services to our Business Users, which include processing in-person or online payments or payouts for those Business Users. When acting as a service provider—also referred to as a Data Processor—for a Business User, we process End Customer Personal Data in accordance with our agreement with the Business User and the Business User's lawful instructions. This happens, for example, when we process a payment for a Business User because you purchased a product from them, or when the Business User asks us to send you funds. Business Users are responsible for ensuring that the privacy rights of their End Customers are respected, including obtaining appropriate consents and making disclosures about their own data collection and use associated with their products and services. If you're an End Customer, please refer to the privacy policy of the Business User you're doing business with for its privacy practices, choices, and controls. We provide more comprehensive information about our collection, use, and sharing of End Customer Personal Data in our Privacy Center , including the legal bases we rely on for processing your Personal Data. a. Personal Data we collect about End Customers Transaction Data . If you're an End Customer making payments to, receiving refunds or payments from, initiating a purchase or donation, or otherwise transacting with our Business User, whether in-person or online, we receive your Transaction Data. We may also receive your transaction history with the Business User. Learn More . Additionally, we may collect information entered into a checkout form even if you opt not to complete the form or transaction with the Business User. Learn More . A Business User who uses Stripe’s Terminal Service to provide its goods or services to End Customers may use the Terminal Service to collect End Customer Personal Data (like your name, email, phone number, address, signature, or age) in accordance with its own privacy policy. Identity/Verification Information . Stripe provides a verification and fraud prevention Service that our Business Users can use to verify Personal Data about you, such as your authorization to use a particular payment method. During the process, you’d be asked to share with us certain Personal Data (like your government ID and selfie for biometric verification, Personal Data you input, or Personal Data that is apparent from the physical payment method like a credit card image). To protect against fraud and determine if somebody is trying to impersonate you, we may cross-verify this data with information about you that we've collected from Business Users, Financial Partners, business affiliates, identity verification services, publicly available sources, and other third party service providers and sources. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Customers, including about your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Customers To provide our Business Services to our Business Users, we use and share End Customers' Personal Data with them. Where allowed, we also use End Customers' Personal Data for Stripe’s own purposes such as enhancing security, improving and offering our Business Services, and preventing fraud, loss, and other damages, as described further below. Payment processing and accounting . We use your Transaction Data to deliver Payment-related Business Services to Business Users — including online payment transactions processing, sales tax calculation, and invoice, bill, and dispute handling — and to help them determine their revenue, settle their bills, and execute accounting tasks. Learn More . We may also use your Personal Data to provide and improve our Business Services. During payment transactions, your Personal Data is shared with various entities in connection with your transaction. As a service provider or data processor, we share Personal Data to enable transactions as directed by Business Users. For instance, when you choose a payment method for your transaction, we may share your Transaction Data with your bank or other payment method provider, including as necessary to authenticate you, Learn More , process your transaction, prevent fraud, and handle disputes. The Business User you choose to do business with also receives Transaction Data and might share the data with others. Please review your merchant’s, bank’s, and payment method provider’s privacy policies for more information about how they use and share your Personal Data. Financial services . Certain Business Users leverage our Services to offer financial services to you via Stripe or our Financial Partners. For example, a Business User may issue a card product with which you can purchase goods and services. Such cards could carry the brand of Stripe, the bank partner, and/or the Business User. In addition to any Transaction Data we may generate or receive when these cards are used for purchases, we also collect and use your Personal Data to provide and manage these products, including assisting our Business Users in preventing misuse of the cards. Please review the privacy policies of the Business User and, if applicable, our bank partners associated with the financial service (the brands of which may be shown on the card) for more information. Identity/Verification services . We use Personal Data about your identity to perform verification services for Stripe or for the Business Users that you are transacting with, to prevent fraud, and to enhance security. For these purposes we may use Personal Data you provide directly or Personal Data we obtain from our service providers, including for phone verification. Learn More . If you provide a selfie along with an image of your identity document, we may employ biometric technology to compare and calculate whether they match and verify your identity. Learn More . Fraud detection and loss prevention. We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect and prevent losses for you, us, our Business Users, and Financial Partners. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those using our fraud prevention-related Business Services, with your Personal Data (including your attempted transactions) to help them assess the fraud or loss risk associated with a transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Our Business Users (and their authorized third parties). We share End Customers' Personal Data with their respective Business Users and parties directly authorized by those Business Users to receive such data. Here are common examples of such sharing: When a Business User instructs Stripe to provide another Business User with access to its Stripe account, including data related to its End Customers, via Stripe Connect. Sharing information that you have provided to us with a Business User so that we can send payments to you on behalf of that Business User. Sharing information, documents, or images provided by an End Customer with a Business User when the latter uses Stripe Identity, our identity verification Service, to verify the identity of the End Customer. The Business Users you choose to do business with may further share your Personal Data with third parties (like additional third party service providers other than Stripe). Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information. Advertising by Business Users . If you initiate a purchasing process with a Business User, the Business User receives your Personal Data from us in connection with our provision of Services even if you don't finish your purchase. The Business User may use your Personal Data to market and advertise their products or services, subject to the terms of their privacy policy. Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information, including your rights to stop their use of your Personal Data for marketing purposes. More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share End Customers' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.3 Representatives We collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives of Business Users (for example, business owners) to provide our Business Services. For more information about how we collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives, as well as the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Representatives Registration and contact information . When you register for a Stripe account for a Business User (including incorporation of a Business), we collect your name and login credentials. If you register for or attend an event organized by Stripe or sign up to receive Stripe communications, we collect your registration and profile data. As a Representative, we may collect your Personal Data from third parties, including data providers, to advertise, market, and communicate with you as detailed further in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. We may also link a location with you to tailor the Services or information effectively to your needs. Learn More . Identification Information . As a current or potential Business User, an owner of a Business User, or a shareholder, officer, or director of a Business User, we need your contact details, such as name, postal address, telephone number, and email address, to fulfill our Financial Partner and regulatory requirements, verify your identity, and prevent fraudulent activities and harm to the Stripe platform. We collect your Personal Data, such as ownership interest in the Business User, date of birth, government-issued identity documents, and associated identifiers, as well as any history of fraud or misuse, directly from you and/or from publicly available sources, third parties such as credit bureaus and via the Services we provide. Learn More . You may also choose to provide us with bank account information. More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about Representatives, including your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Representatives We typically use the Personal Data of Representatives to provide the Business Services to the corresponding Business Users. The ways we use and share this data are further described below. Business Services . We use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with Business Users to provide the Services requested by you or the Business User you represent. In some instances, we may have to submit your Personal Data to a government entity to provide our Business Services, for purposes such as the incorporation of a business, or calculating and paying applicable sales tax. For our tax-related Business Services, we may use your Personal Data to prepare tax documents and file taxes on behalf of the Business User you represent. For our Atlas business incorporation Services, we may use your Personal Data to submit forms to the IRS on your behalf and file documents with other government authorities, such as articles of incorporation in your state of incorporation. We share Representatives’ Personal Data with parties authorized by the corresponding Business User, such as Financial Partners servicing a financial product, or third party apps or services the Business User chooses to use alongside our Business Services. Here are common examples of such sharing: Payment method providers, like Visa or WeChat Pay, require information about Business Users and their Representatives who accept their payment methods. This information is typically required during the onboarding process or for processing transactions and handling disputes for these Business Users. Learn More . A Business User may authorize Stripe to share your Personal Data with other Business Users to facilitate the provision of Services through Stripe Connect. The use of Personal Data by a third party authorized by a Business User is subject to the third party’s privacy policy. If you are a Business User who has chosen a name that includes Personal Data (for example, a sole proprietorship or family name in a company name), we will use and share such information for the provision of our Services in the same way we do with any company name. This may include, for example, displaying it on receipts and other transaction-identifying descriptions. Fraud detection and loss prevention . We use Representatives’ Personal Data to identify and manage risks that our Business Services might be used for fraudulent activities causing losses to Stripe, End Users, End Customers, Business Users, Financial Partners, and others. We also use information about you obtained from publicly available sources, third parties like credit bureaus and from our Services to address such risks, including to identify patterns of misuse and monitor for terms of service violations. Stripe may share Representatives' Personal Data with Business Users, our Financial Partners, and third party service providers, including phone verification providers, Learn More , to verify the information provided by you and identify risk indicators. Learn More . We also use and share Representatives' Personal Data to conduct due diligence, including conducting anti-money laundering and sanctions screening in accordance with applicable law. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment. However, we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . We may also use your Personal Data, including your Stripe account activity, to evaluate your eligibility for and offer you Business Services or promote existing Business Services. Learn more . More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share Representatives’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.4 Visitors We collect, use, and share the Personal Data of Visitors. More details about how we collect, use, and share Visitors’ Personal Data, along with the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Visitors When you browse our Sites, we receive your Personal Data, either provided directly by you or collected through our use of cookies and similar technologies. See our Cookie Policy for more information. If you opt to complete a form on the Site or third party websites where our advertisements are displayed (like LinkedIn or Facebook), we collect the information you included in the form. This may include your contact information and other information pertaining to your questions about our Services. We may also associate a location with your visit. Learn More . More . Further details about other types of Personal Data that we may collect from Visitors, including your online activity, can be found in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Visitors Personalization . We use the data we collect about you using cookies and similar technologies to measure engagement with the content on the Sites, improve relevancy and navigation, customize your experience (such as language preference and region-specific content), and curate content about Stripe and our Services that's tailored to you. For instance, as not all of our Services are available globally, we may customize our responses based on your region. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Visitors’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . Engagement . As you interact with our Sites, we use the information we collect about and through your devices to provide opportunities for further interactions, such as discussions about Services or interactions with chatbots, to address your questions. More . For more information about additional ways we may use and share Visitors’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 2. More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data In addition to the ways described above, we also process your Personal Data as follows: a. Collection of Personal Data Online Activity . Depending on the Service used and how our Business Services are implemented by the Business Users, we may collect information related to: The devices and browsers you use across our Sites and third party websites, apps, and other online services (“Third Party Sites”). Usage data associated with those devices and browsers and your engagement with our Services, including data elements like IP address, plug-ins, language preference, time spent on Sites and Third Party Sites, pages visited, links clicked, payment methods used, and the pages that led you to our Sites and Third Party Sites. We also collect activity indicators, such as mouse activity indicators, to help us detect fraud. Learn More . See also our Cookie Policy . Communication and Engagement Information . We also collect information you choose to share with us through various channels, such as support tickets, emails, or social media. If you respond to emails or surveys from Stripe, we collect your email address, name, and any other data you opt to include in your email or responses. If you engage with us over the phone, we collect your phone number and any other information you might provide during the call. Calls with Stripe or Stripe representatives may be recorded. Learn More . Additionally, we collect your engagement data, like your registration for, attendance at, or viewing of Stripe events and any other interactions with Stripe personnel. Forums and Discussion Groups . If our Sites allow posting of content, we collect Personal Data that you provide in connection with the post. b. Use of Personal Data. Besides the use of Personal Data described above, we use Personal Data in the ways listed below: Analyzing, Improving, and Developing our Services . We collect and process Personal Data throughout our various Services, whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, to improve our Services, develop new Services, and support our efforts to make our Services more efficient, relevant, and useful to you. Learn More . We may use Personal Data to generate aggregate and statistical information to understand and explain how our Services are used. Examples of how we use Personal Data to analyze, improve, and develop our products and services include: Using analytics on our Sites, including as described in our Cookie Policy, to help us understand your use of our Sites and Services and diagnose technical issues. Training artificial intelligence models to power our Services and protect against fraud and other harm. Learn more . Analyzing and drawing inferences from Transaction Data to reduce costs, fraud, and disputes and increase authentication and authorization rates for Stripe and our Business Users. Communications . We use the contact information we have about you to deliver our Services, Learn More , which may involve sending codes via SMS for your authentication. Learn More . If you are an End User, Representative, or Visitor, we may communicate with you using the contact information we have about you to provide information about our Services and our affiliates’ services, invite you to participate in our events, surveys, or user research, or otherwise communicate with you for marketing purposes, in compliance with applicable law, including any consent or opt-out requirements. For example, when you provide your contact information to us or when we collect your business contact details through participation at trade shows or other events, we may use this data to follow up with you regarding an event, provide information requested about our Services, and include you in our marketing information campaigns. Where permitted under applicable law, we may record our calls with you to provide our Services, comply with our legal obligations, perform research and quality assurance, and for training purposes. Social Media and Promotions . If you opt to submit Personal Data to engage in an offer, program, or promotion, we use the Personal Data you provide to manage the offer, program, or promotion. We also use the Personal Data you provide, along with the Personal Data you make available on social media platforms, for marketing purposes, unless we are not permitted to do so. Fraud Prevention and Security . We collect and use Personal Data to help us identify and manage activities that could be fraudulent or harmful across our Services, enable our fraud detection Business Services, and secure our Services and transactions against unauthorized access, use, alteration or misappropriation of Personal Data, information, and funds. As part of the fraud prevention, detection, security monitoring, and compliance efforts for Stripe and its Business Users, we collect information from publicly available sources, third parties (such as credit bureaus), and via the Services we offer. In some instances, we may also collect information about you directly from you, or from our Business Users, Financial Partners, and other third parties for the same purposes. Furthermore, to protect our Services, we may receive details such as IP addresses and other identifying data about potential security threats from third parties. Learn More . Such information helps us verify identities, conduct credit checks where lawfully permitted, and prevent fraud. Additionally, we might use technology to evaluate the potential risk of fraud associated with individuals seeking to procure our Business Services or arising from attempted transactions by an End Customer or End User with our Business Users or Financial Partners. Compliance with Legal Obligations . We use Personal Data to meet our contractual and legal obligations related to anti-money laundering, Know-Your-Customer ("KYC") laws, anti-terrorism activities, safeguarding vulnerable customers, export control, and prohibition of doing business with restricted persons or in certain business fields, among other legal obligations. For example, we may monitor transaction patterns and other online signals and use those insights to identify fraud, money laundering, and other harmful activity that could affect Stripe, our Financial Partners, End Users, Business Users and others. Learn More . Safety, security, and compliance for our Services are key priorities for us, and collecting and using Personal Data is crucial to this effort. Minors . Our Services are not directed to children under the age of 13, and we request that they do not provide Personal Data to seek Services directly from Stripe. In certain jurisdictions, we may impose higher age limits as required by applicable law. c. Sharing of Personal Data. Besides the sharing of Personal Data described above, we share Personal Data in the ways listed below: Stripe Affiliates . We share Personal Data with other Stripe-affiliated entities for purposes identified in this Policy. Service Providers or Processors . In order to provide, communicate, market, analyze, and advertise our Services, we depend on service providers. These providers offer critical services such as providing cloud infrastructure, conducting analytics for the assessment of the speed, accuracy, and/or security of our Services, verifying identities, identifying potentially harmful activity, and providing customer service and audit functions. We authorize these service providers to use or disclose the Personal Data we make available to them to perform services on our behalf and to comply with relevant legal obligations. We require these service providers to contractually commit to security and confidentiality obligations for the Personal Data they process on our behalf. The majority of our service providers are based in the European Union, the United States of America, and India. Learn More . Financial Partners . We share Personal Data with certain Financial Partners to provide Services to Business Users and offer certain Services in conjunction with these Financial Partners. For instance, we may share certain Personal Data, such as payment processing volume, loan repayment data, and Representative contact information, with institutional investors and lenders who purchase loan receivables or provide financing related to Stripe Capital. Learn More . Others with Consent . In some situations, we may not offer a service, but instead refer you to others (like professional service firms that we partner with to deliver the Atlas Service). In these instances, we will disclose the identity of the third party and the information to be shared with them, and seek your consent to share the information. Corporate Transactions . If we enter or intend to enter a transaction that modifies the structure of our business, such as a reorganization, merger, sale, joint venture, assignment, transfer, change of control, or other disposition of all or part of our business, assets, or stock, we may share Personal Data with third parties in connection with such transaction. Any other entity that buys us or part of our business will have the right to continue to use your Personal Data, subject to the terms of this Policy. Compliance and Harm Prevention . We share Personal Data when we believe it is necessary to comply with applicable law; to abide by rules imposed by Financial Partners in connection with the use of their payment method; to enforce our contractual rights; to secure and protect the Services, rights, privacy, safety, and property of Stripe, you, and others, including against malicious or fraudulent activity; and to respond to valid legal requests from courts, law enforcement agencies, regulatory agencies, and other public and government authorities, which may include authorities outside your country of residence. 3. Legal bases for processing Personal Data For purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other applicable data protection laws, we rely on a number of legal bases to process your Personal Data. Learn More . For some jurisdictions, there may be additional legal bases, which are outlined in the Jurisdiction-Specific Provisions section below. a. Contractual and Pre-Contractual Business Relationships . We process Personal Data to enter into business relationships with prospective Business Users and End Users and fulfill our respective contractual obligations with them. These processing activities include: Creation and management of Stripe accounts and Stripe account credentials, including the assessment of applications to initiate or expand the use of our Services; Creation and management of Stripe Checkout accounts; Accounting, auditing, and billing activities; and Processing of payments and related activities, which include fraud detection, loss prevention, transaction optimization, communications about such payments, and related customer service activities. b. Legal Compliance . We process Personal Data to verify the identities of individuals and entities to comply with obligations related to fraud monitoring, prevention, and detection, laws associated with identifying and reporting illicit and illegal activities, such as those under the Anti-Money Laundering ("AML") and Know-Your-Customer (“KYC") regulations, and financial reporting obligations. For example, we may be required to record and verify a Business User’s identity to comply with regulations designed to prevent money laundering, fraud, and financial crimes. These legal obligations may require us to report our compliance to third parties and subject ourselves to third party verification audits. c. Legitimate Interests . Where permitted under applicable law, we rely on our legitimate business interests to process your Personal Data. The following list provides an example of the business purposes for which we have a legitimate interest in processing your data: Detection, monitoring, and prevention of fraud and unauthorized payment transactions; Mitigation of financial loss, claims, liabilities or other harm to End Customers, End Users, Business Users, Financial Partners, and Stripe; Determination of eligibility for and offering new Stripe Services ( Learn More ); Response to inquiries, delivery of Service notices, and provision of customer support; Promotion, analysis, modification, and improvement of our Services, systems, and tools, as well as the development of new products and services, including enhancing the reliability of the Services; Management, operation, and improvement of the performance of our Sites and Services, through understanding their effectiveness and optimizing our digital assets; Analysis and advertisement of our Services, and related improvements; Aggregate analysis and development of business intelligence that enable us to operate, protect, make informed decisions about, and report on the performance of our business; Sharing of Personal Data with third party service providers that offer services on our behalf and business partners that help us in operating and improving our business ( Learn More) ; Enabling network and information security throughout Stripe and our Services; and Sharing of Personal Data among our affiliates. d. Consent . We may rely on consent or explicit consent to collect and process Personal Data regarding our interactions with you and the provision of our Services such as Link, Financial Connections, Atlas, and Identity. When we process your Personal Data based on your consent, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time, and such a withdrawal will not impact the legality of processing performed based on the consent prior to its withdrawal. e. Substantial Public Interest . We may process special categories of Personal Data, as defined by the GDPR, when such processing is necessary for reasons of substantial public interest and consistent with applicable law, such as when we conduct politically-exposed person checks. We may also process Personal Data related to criminal convictions and offenses when such processing is authorized by applicable law, such as when we conduct sanctions screening to comply with AML and KYC obligations. f. Other valid legal bases . We may process Personal Data further to other valid legal bases as recognized under applicable law in specific jurisdictions. See the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section below for more information. 4. Your rights and choices Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have choices regarding our collection, use, and disclosure of your Personal Data: a. Opting out of receiving electronic communications from us If you wish to stop receiving marketing-related emails from us, you can opt-out by clicking the unsubscribe link included in such emails or as described here . We'll try to process your request(s) as quickly as reasonably practicable. However, it's important to note that even if you opt out of receiving marketing-related emails from us, we retain the right to communicate with you about the Services you receive (like support and important legal notices) and our Business Users might still send you messages or instruct us to send you messages on their behalf. b. Your data protection rights Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have the following rights regarding the Personal Data we process about you as a data controller: The right to request confirmation of whether Stripe is processing Personal Data associated with you, the categories of personal data it has processed, and the third parties or categories of third parties with which your Personal Data is shared; The right to request access to the Personal Data Stripe processes about you ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe rectify or update your Personal Data if it's inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated; The right to request that Stripe erase your Personal Data in certain circumstances as provided by law ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe restrict the use of your Personal Data in certain circumstances, such as while Stripe is considering another request you've submitted (for instance, a request that Stripe update your Personal Data); The right to request that we export the Personal Data we hold about you to another company, provided it's technically feasible; The right to withdraw your consent if your Personal Data is being processed based on your previous consent; The right to object to the processing of your Personal Data if we are processing your data based on our legitimate interests; unless there are compelling legitimate grounds or the processing is necessary for legal reasons, we will cease processing your Personal Data upon receiving your objection ( Learn More ); The right not to be discriminated against for exercising these rights; and The right to appeal any decision by Stripe relating to your rights by contacting Stripe’s Data Protection Officer (“DPO”) at dpo@stripe.com , and/or relevant regulatory agencies. You may have additional rights, depending on applicable law, over your Personal Data. For example, see the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section under United States below. c. Process for exercising your data protection rights To exercise your data protection rights related to Personal Data we process as a data controller, visit our Privacy Center or contact us as outlined below. For Personal Data we process as a data processor, please reach out to the relevant data controller (Business User) to exercise your rights. If you contact us regarding your Personal Data we process as a data processor, we will refer you to the relevant data controller to the extent we are able to identify them. 5. Security and Retention We make reasonable efforts to provide a level of security appropriate to the risk associated with the processing of your Personal Data. We maintain organizational, technical, and administrative measures designed to protect the Personal Data covered by this Policy from unauthorized access, destruction, loss, alteration, or misuse. Learn More . Unfortunately, no data transmission or storage system can be guaranteed to be 100% secure. We encourage you to assist us in protecting your Personal Data. If you hold a Stripe account, you can do so by using a strong password, safeguarding your password against unauthorized use, and avoiding using identical login credentials you use for other services or accounts for your Stripe account. If you suspect that your interaction with us is no longer secure (for instance, you believe that your Stripe account's security has been compromised), please contact us immediately. We retain your Personal Data for as long as we continue to provide the Services to you or our Business Users, or for a period in which we reasonably foresee continuing to provide the Services. Even after we stop providing Services directly to you or to a Business User that you're doing business with, and even after you close your Stripe account or complete a transaction with a Business User, we may continue to retain your Personal Data to: Comply with our legal and regulatory obligations; Enable fraud monitoring, detection, and prevention activities; and Comply with our tax, accounting, and financial reporting obligations, including when such retention is required by our contractual agreements with our Financial Partners (and where data retention is mandated by the payment methods you've used). In cases where we keep your Personal Data, we do so in accordance with any limitation periods and record retention obligations imposed by applicable law. Learn More . 6. International Data Transfers As a global business, it's sometimes necessary for us to transfer your Personal Data to countries other than your own, including the United States. These countries might have data protection regulations that are different from those in your country. When transferring data across borders, we take measures to comply with applicable data protection laws related to such transfer. In certain situations, we may be required to disclose Personal Data in response to lawful requests from officials, such as law enforcement or security authorities. Learn More . If you are located in the European Economic Area (“EEA”), the United Kingdom ("UK"), or Switzerland, please refer to our Privacy Center for additional details. When a data transfer mechanism is mandated by applicable law, we employ one or more of the following: Transfers to certain countries or recipients that are recognized as having an adequate level of protection for Personal Data under applicable law. EU Standard Contractual Clauses approved by the Europe | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://dev.to/t/unrealengine/page/2 | Unrealengine Page 2 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # unrealengine Follow Hide Create Post Older #unrealengine posts 1 2 3 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu 🎲 [Dice and Dragons #2] GBoschiero GBoschiero GBoschiero Follow Jul 27 '25 🎲 [Dice and Dragons #2] # unrealengine # gamedev # marketplace # devlog 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read 🎲 [Dice and Dragons #1] GBoschiero GBoschiero GBoschiero Follow Jul 26 '25 🎲 [Dice and Dragons #1] # unrealengine # gamedev # marketplace # devlog 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Convert a Basic Blueprint to a C++ Class in Unreal Engine 5 Adriel Werlich Adriel Werlich Adriel Werlich Follow Jun 21 '25 How to Convert a Basic Blueprint to a C++ Class in Unreal Engine 5 # unrealengine # cpp # blueprints # visualscripting Comments Add Comment 4 min read Unity vs Unreal vs Godot: Finding Your Perfect Game Engine in 2025 Philip John Basile Philip John Basile Philip John Basile Follow Jul 22 '25 Unity vs Unreal vs Godot: Finding Your Perfect Game Engine in 2025 # godot # unity3d # unrealengine # gamedev 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Cloud build of Unreal Engine 5.5 server for €0.5 Anton Dolganin Anton Dolganin Anton Dolganin Follow Jun 2 '25 Cloud build of Unreal Engine 5.5 server for €0.5 # unrealengine # gamedev # multiplayer Comments Add Comment 6 min read Daily Debug — Day 1: Blocks in Motion Drew Marshall Drew Marshall Drew Marshall Follow Jun 1 '25 Daily Debug — Day 1: Blocks in Motion # dailydebug # blender3d # unrealengine # godotengine Comments Add Comment 1 min read Flying with FloatingPawnMovement in Unreal Engine: A Dronewood Dev Breakdown WinterTurtle23 WinterTurtle23 WinterTurtle23 Follow May 31 '25 Flying with FloatingPawnMovement in Unreal Engine: A Dronewood Dev Breakdown # unrealengine # gamedev # programming # cpp Comments Add Comment 2 min read Getting Started with Virtual Reality in Unreal Engine: Building Immersive Worlds WinterTurtle23 WinterTurtle23 WinterTurtle23 Follow May 31 '25 Getting Started with Virtual Reality in Unreal Engine: Building Immersive Worlds # unrealengine # vr # gamedev # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why Use C++ Over Blueprints in Unreal Engine? Adriel Werlich Adriel Werlich Adriel Werlich Follow Jun 21 '25 Why Use C++ Over Blueprints in Unreal Engine? # unrealengine # cppvsblueprints # visualscripting # bestpractices 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Chapter 2 - Converting blueprint in Cpp - BeginPlay Adriel Werlich Adriel Werlich Adriel Werlich Follow Jun 21 '25 Chapter 2 - Converting blueprint in Cpp - BeginPlay # unrealengine # blueprinttocpp 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Start of the 4 week level design challenge Charlie Perry Charlie Perry Charlie Perry Follow Jun 3 '25 Start of the 4 week level design challenge # gamedev # leveldesign # unrealengine Comments Add Comment 1 min read Unreal Engine Replication Pipeline WinterTurtle23 WinterTurtle23 WinterTurtle23 Follow May 22 '25 Unreal Engine Replication Pipeline # unrealengine # gamedev # programming # multiplayer 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building a Multiplayer System in Unreal Engine with Steam & LAN WinterTurtle23 WinterTurtle23 WinterTurtle23 Follow May 21 '25 Building a Multiplayer System in Unreal Engine with Steam & LAN # unrealengine # gamedev # multiplayer # steam 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Level 1 Unreal Engine Charlie Perry Charlie Perry Charlie Perry Follow Jun 9 '25 Level 1 Unreal Engine # gamedev # leveldesign # unrealengine Comments 2 comments 5 min read 🚀Software Engineering Post-Mortem: Marble Escape 🎮🌀 Victoria Victoria Victoria Follow Dec 14 '24 🚀Software Engineering Post-Mortem: Marble Escape 🎮🌀 # gamedev # unrealengine Comments Add Comment 2 min read Boost Your Unreal Engine Game: Best EOS Plugin Options Simon Lopez Simon Lopez Simon Lopez Follow Dec 14 '24 Boost Your Unreal Engine Game: Best EOS Plugin Options # multiplayergame # eos # epiconlineservices # unrealengine Comments Add Comment 4 min read Starting with Unreal Engine harry harry harry Follow Dec 24 '24 Starting with Unreal Engine # gamedev # unrealengine # learning # unity3d 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🚀 Software Engineering Postmortem: Zombie Shootout 🧟♂️🎮 Victoria Victoria Victoria Follow Nov 28 '24 🚀 Software Engineering Postmortem: Zombie Shootout 🧟♂️🎮 # gamedev # softwareengineering # gamejam # unrealengine 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🧟♂️ Software Engineering Postmortem: Zombie Rampage Victoria Victoria Victoria Follow Oct 23 '24 🧟♂️ Software Engineering Postmortem: Zombie Rampage # softwareengineering # unrealengine # gamedev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Blueprint Visual Scripting for Unreal Engine 5 (Third Edition) - A Technical Analysis Victoria Victoria Victoria Follow Oct 28 '24 Blueprint Visual Scripting for Unreal Engine 5 (Third Edition) - A Technical Analysis # computerscience # unrealengine # gamedev # ai 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Metahuman with AWS yusufgbagci yusufgbagci yusufgbagci Follow Aug 19 '24 Metahuman with AWS # unrealengine # aws # llm # metahuman 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Dipping into Unreal Engine After Learning Unity - Part 1 Angela Rodriguez Angela Rodriguez Angela Rodriguez Follow Aug 13 '24 Dipping into Unreal Engine After Learning Unity - Part 1 # gamedev # unrealengine # learning # visualscripting 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read What is Unreal Engine? Rodman Lavalais Rodman Lavalais Rodman Lavalais Follow May 27 '24 What is Unreal Engine? # unrealengine # gaming 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Unreal Engine 5 macOS: UE5 C++ Game Dev Rodney Lab Rodney Lab Rodney Lab Follow May 22 '24 Unreal Engine 5 macOS: UE5 C++ Game Dev # cpp # gamedev # unrealengine 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read UE5 C++ Logging: Unreal Engine Custom Logger & UE_LOGFMT Rodney Lab Rodney Lab Rodney Lab Follow Apr 1 '24 UE5 C++ Logging: Unreal Engine Custom Logger & UE_LOGFMT # cpp # gamedev # unrealengine 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/dataformathub/deep-dive-why-podman-and-containerd-20-are-replacing-docker-in-2026-32ak | Deep Dive: Why Podman and containerd 2.0 are Replacing Docker in 2026 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse DataFormatHub Posted on Jan 1 • Originally published at dataformathub.com Deep Dive: Why Podman and containerd 2.0 are Replacing Docker in 2026 # containers # devops # docker # news The containerization landscape, perennially dynamic, has seen a flurry of practical, sturdy advancements over late 2024 and through 2025. As senior developers, we're past the "hype cycle" and into the trenches, evaluating features that deliver tangible operational benefits and address real-world constraints. While Docker remains the undisputed behemoth, its architectural choices—specifically the pervasive daemon—continue to prompt a search for alternatives that prioritize security, system integration, and a more granular control over the container lifecycle. This shift mirrors broader industry trends, such as the move toward specialized runtimes discussed in Cloudflare vs. Deno: The Truth About Edge Computing in 2025 . Let's dissect the recent developments in Podman, Buildah, and containerd, stripping away the marketing fluff to expose what truly works, what's still clunky, and what trade-offs you'll inevitably face in this ever-shifting ecosystem as of early 2026. The Daemonless Doctrine: Podman's Evolving Architecture Podman's primary allure has always been its daemonless architecture, a stark contrast to Docker's client-server model. The marketing touts "daemonless means more secure," but the reality is more nuanced; it fundamentally alters how containers integrate with the host OS. Shedding the Daemon: A Double-Edged Sword Podman eschews a central, privileged daemon (like dockerd ), instead running containers as child processes of the user who invokes the podman command. This architectural choice indeed eliminates a single point of failure and removes the inherent security risk of a long-running, root-privileged daemon. If the podman process is compromised, the blast radius is theoretically contained to the invoking user's privileges. However, this "daemonless" advantage isn't without its operational quirks. Managing container lifecycles in the background, persistent logging, and automatic restarts traditionally handled by a daemon now require alternative mechanisms. Podman addresses this through deep integration with systemd on Linux systems. For instance, you can generate systemd unit files for individual containers or entire pods using podman generate systemd . This allows containers to be managed like any other system service, leveraging systemd 's robust process supervision capabilities. While this approach offers excellent native integration, it shifts complexity from a single daemon to managing multiple systemd units, potentially increasing operational overhead for those unfamiliar with systemd internals. The Podman Desktop application, which became a CNCF Sandbox Project in November 2024 and saw several releases throughout 2025, aims to abstract some of this complexity for developers on macOS and Windows by running Podman in a VM. # Example: Generate a systemd unit for a simple Nginx container podman run -d --name my-nginx -p 8080:80 nginx:latest podman generate systemd --name my-nginx > ~/.config/systemd/user/container-my-nginx.service # To enable and start it (as a user service) systemctl --user enable container-my-nginx.service systemctl --user start container-my-nginx.service Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This systemd integration is a practical, sturdy solution for production deployments on Linux, but it demands familiarity with a different paradigm than docker-compose up -d . Rootless Reality: More Than Just a Flag Podman's standout feature, rootless containers, reached significant maturity throughout 2024 and 2025. This capability allows unprivileged users to build, run, and manage containers without requiring sudo access, drastically reducing the attack surface. The magic behind rootless operation lies in Linux user namespaces. When a rootless container is launched, its internal root user (UID 0) is mapped to an unprivileged user ID on the host system, typically within a range defined in /etc/subuid and /etc/subgid . Storage for rootless containers often relies on fuse-overlayfs , a FUSE-based implementation of the overlayfs filesystem. This allows unprivileged users to create and manage layered filesystems, a task typically restricted to the kernel's overlayfs driver. While fuse-overlayfs enables functionality, it generally comes with a performance penalty compared to the kernel module. Networking for rootless containers is handled by slirp4netns , a user-mode networking stack that creates a virtual network interface and routes traffic through the host's network namespace. This provides network connectivity without requiring elevated privileges or direct manipulation of host network interfaces. However, slirp4netns often exhibits higher latency and lower throughput than CNI-based networking used by rootful containers, making it less ideal for high-performance network-bound workloads. Podman Desktop in its v1.22 release (October 2025) introduced the ability to switch Podman machines between rootless and rootful modes on macOS and Windows, acknowledging the need for flexibility. Recent Developments : Podman has maintained a brisk release cadence, moving to a timed quarterly release schedule starting with Podman 5.3 in November 2024. This aims for predictable updates, with Podman 5.x releases throughout 2025 bringing performance improvements, better Docker API compatibility in its RESTful service, and ongoing enhancements to Podman Desktop , including a native ARM64 installer for Windows and improved network management UIs. The project is also working on composefs integration and improved BuildKit API support for future releases. Building Blocks: Buildah's Granular Image Crafting Buildah is often overshadowed by Podman, but it's the unsung hero for those who demand fine-grained control over their container image creation. It's not just a docker build replacement; it's a daemonless toolkit for OCI image construction. The Image Assembly Line, Unchained Buildah provides a set of commands that allow developers to construct OCI-compliant container images step-by-step, without needing a container daemon. While buildah bud offers a Dockerfile -compatible experience (e.g., buildah bud -t myimage . ), its true power lies in its atomic commands like buildah from , buildah mount , buildah run , and buildah commit . This granular control enables advanced image optimization strategies. Instead of relying solely on multi-stage Dockerfiles, you can explicitly mount a container's filesystem ( buildah mount ), make changes directly using host tools, and then commit only the necessary layers ( buildah commit ). This "build-from-scratch" or "mount-and-modify" approach helps create extremely minimal images by excluding build-time dependencies and tools (like gcc or package managers) from the final runtime image, significantly reducing image size and attack surface. # Example: Building a minimal Nginx image with Buildah granular commands # 1. Start from scratch container = $( buildah from scratch ) # 2. Add an OS base (e.g., busybox) buildah add $container busybox.tar / # 3. Install Nginx (this is simplified, typically you'd copy a pre-built binary) # In a real scenario, you might start from a build image, install, then copy. buildah run $container -- apk add nginx # 4. Expose port and set entrypoint (Buildah config) buildah config --port 80 --entrypoint '["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]' $container # 5. Commit to a new image buildah commit $container my-minimal-nginx:latest Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This method, while powerful, requires a deeper understanding of image layering and filesystem operations than a simple Dockerfile . The learning curve is undeniable. Supply Chain Fortification: SBOM and Beyond Recent Buildah releases have focused heavily on supply chain security. Buildah 1.35 (March 2024) introduced the crucial --sbom flag, allowing users to generate a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) during the build or commit process. An SBOM provides a detailed inventory of all components, libraries, and dependencies within a container image, which is essential for identifying vulnerabilities and ensuring compliance. # Example: Build an image and generate an SBOM buildah bud --sbom --format spdx -t my-app:latest . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The --sbom flag is a welcome addition, addressing a critical need for transparency in the software supply chain. However, generating an SBOM is merely the first step; its true utility depends on robust tooling for consuming, analyzing, and acting upon this data. Without a comprehensive ecosystem for SBOM management, it risks becoming another checkbox feature rather than a genuine security enhancement. The buildah push command also saw enhancements in 1.35 with --retry and --retry-delay flags for more robust image pushing, acknowledging the flaky nature of network operations to registries. Recent Developments : Buildah has seen continuous development, with versions from 1.35.0 (March 2024) up to 1.42.0 (October 2025) released. Notable changes include the --pull flag now emulating Docker's --pull=always behavior, and improved handling of destination paths ending with / . These are practical, quality-of-life improvements that streamline workflows, though they highlight the ongoing effort to align with entrenched Docker behaviors. containerd 2.0: The Unseen Foundation's Hardening While Podman and Buildah cater to the developer experience, containerd operates at a lower level, acting as the industry-standard core container runtime for Kubernetes and other orchestration systems. Its 2.0 release in late 2024 and subsequent 2.1 in May 2025 are significant milestones, focusing on stability, extensibility, and security. CRI-O's Backbone, Re-engineered containerd serves as a high-level container runtime that manages the complete container lifecycle—image transfer, storage, and execution—and exposes a gRPC API. It's the de facto standard for Kubernetes, implementing the Container Runtime Interface (CRI) required by the kubelet . The containerd 2.0 release, seven years after its 1.0 debut, isn't about flashy new end-user features but rather a strategic stabilization and enhancement of core capabilities. This release consolidates experimental features from the 1.7 series into the stable channel and removes deprecated functionalities, ensuring a more robust and predictable foundation. For production operators, this means a more resilient and performant runtime, though vigilance against API deprecations and removals in Kubernetes versions tied to containerd upgrades remains a critical task. The configuration format also changed to v3 , requiring a migration step for existing installations ( containerd config migrate ). NRI and User Namespaces: Finer Control, Deeper Security? containerd 2.0 enables the Node Resource Interface (NRI) by default, providing a powerful extension mechanism for customizing low-level container configurations. NRI allows for finer-grained control over resource allocation and policy enforcement through plugins, akin to mutating admission webhooks but operating directly at the runtime level. This could allow for dynamic injection of runtime configurations or custom resource management policies, a capability previously more cumbersome without direct runtime modifications. While powerful, NRI's true impact will depend on the community developing useful plugins; out-of-the-box, it's a mechanism, not a solution. Another significant advancement is the improved support for User Namespaces. This feature allows containers to run as root inside the container but map to an unprivileged User ID (UID) on the host system, drastically reducing the blast radius of a container escape. While containerd 2.0 ships with this support, it was still considered "beta for Kubernetes" as of late 2024. This indicates that while the underlying runtime capability is there, its full, stable integration and validation within the complex Kubernetes ecosystem is a longer journey. Enabling it often requires kernel parameters like user.max_user_namespaces=1048576 . Networking Reimagined: CNI, Netavark, and the Rootless Conundrum Container networking is arguably one of the most complex domains, and the ecosystem continues to evolve, pushing towards more flexible and secure models. The CNI Standard: A Double-Edged Specification The Container Network Interface (CNI) remains the foundational specification for configuring network interfaces for Linux containers. Both Podman (when running rootful) and containerd adhere to CNI, ensuring a standardized mechanism for network plugin integration. This means that the underlying network topology (e.g., veth pairs, virtual bridges) for rootful containers is largely consistent across CNI-compliant runtimes. However, CNI's flexibility, while a strength, can also be a weakness. Different CNI plugins (e.g., Bridge, Host-local, or more advanced ones like Calico, Cilium) offer varying features and complexities. Debugging network issues often requires understanding the specific plugin configuration files, typically located in /etc/cni/net.d/ , and the interaction with host-level networking tools like iptables or nftables . This isn't a "set and forget" situation; it demands hands-on network troubleshooting skills. Podman's Network Shift: From CNI to Netavark A significant development for Podman users is the transition from CNI to Netavark as the default network backend. Introduced in Podman 4.0, Netavark is a new network stack written in Go, specifically designed to better integrate with Podman's daemonless architecture. CNI is now deprecated and will be removed in a future major Podman version (5.0+), preferring Netavark . This shift aims to provide a more cohesive networking experience, especially for managing custom networks and DNS resolution. To check which backend your Podman installation uses, you can run podman info --format {{.Host.NetworkBackend}} . While Netavark promises a more robust and integrated solution, it also means that existing CNI configurations, particularly custom ones, might require re-evaluation and migration when upgrading Podman versions. For rootless containers, slirp4netns remains the primary networking mechanism due to the inherent restrictions on unprivileged users manipulating network devices. This creates a persistent disparity in networking capabilities and performance between rootful and rootless deployments, a fundamental trade-off that developers must actively manage. While slirp4netns is functional, its overhead can be significant for applications demanding high network I/O or low latency. Security Posture: Beyond Basic Isolation The container security landscape continues to mature, moving beyond basic image scanning to focus on deeper runtime protections and supply chain integrity. Layered Defenses: Rootless, Namespaces, and Capabilities The emphasis on running containers with the least necessary privileges has intensified. Podman's rootless mode and containerd 2.0 's improved user namespace support are prime examples of this trend. By mapping container root to an unprivileged host user, the impact of a container escape is significantly mitigated. Beyond user namespaces, limiting Linux capabilities remains a critical practice. Containers often run with a broad set of default capabilities (e.g., CAP_NET_ADMIN , CAP_SYS_ADMIN ) that are rarely needed by most applications. Explicitly dropping unnecessary capabilities (e.g., podman run --cap-drop ALL --cap-add CHOWN myimage ) reduces the attack surface. Furthermore, robust integration with host security modules like SELinux and AppArmor provides an additional layer of mandatory access control, confining container processes and restricting their interactions with the kernel. Configuring these, however, is a non-trivial exercise often requiring deep OS-level expertise. Supply Chain Integrity: SBOMs and Image Verification The focus on software supply chain security has become paramount. Buildah's --sbom flag, as discussed, is a direct response to this need. Complementing this, the Open Container Initiative (OCI) Image Specification v1.1 (released February 2024) introduced new features like subject and artifactType fields, along with a referrers API , specifically designed to associate metadata artifacts (such as signatures, attestations, and SBOMs) with existing OCI images. This means that instead of embedding security metadata within the image, which can complicate immutability, external artifacts can now be linked to an image in a standardized way. This is a crucial step towards verifiable image integrity across the supply chain. However, the efficacy of this heavily relies on widespread adoption by registries and tooling. The OCI spec is there, but the operational reality of consistent signing, verification, and enforcement across diverse CI/CD pipelines is still a significant challenge. Many organizations are still grappling with basic image scanning, let alone advanced attestation schemes. OCI Specifications: The Unsung Architects of Interoperability While often unseen by the average developer, the Open Container Initiative (OCI) specifications are the bedrock of container interoperability. Their recent updates, particularly in 2024, solidify the foundation upon which Docker alternatives operate. OCI Image and Distribution Spec v1.1: The Artifacts Era The OCI Image Specification and Distribution Specification each saw v1.1 releases on February 15, 2024. These were the first minor releases since 2017 and 2021, respectively, and brought significant changes, most notably "Artifacts." The new subject and artifactType fields, coupled with a referrers API , standardize how metadata like signatures, attestations, and SBOMs can be associated with container images. This is a critical architectural improvement. Previously, attaching such metadata often involved proprietary mechanisms or embedding it in image labels, which lacked a consistent, verifiable standard. The referrers API allows tools to query a registry for all artifacts associated with a given image manifest, enabling a more robust and standardized approach to supply chain security and compliance. Furthermore, v1.1 deprecated the creation of non-distributable layers, simplifying registry operations and improving air-gapped network support. These changes are fundamental, yet their full impact will only be realized as tooling and registries universally adopt the new API. OCI Runtime Spec v1.2: Beneath the Surface The OCI Runtime Spec v1.2.0 was released on February 18, 2024. This specification defines the behavior and configuration interface for low-level container runtimes like runc and crun . The v1.2 release included enhancements like support for idmap and ridmap mount options. These options are crucial for enabling more flexible and secure volume mounting within user namespaces, directly supporting the advanced rootless capabilities seen in Podman and containerd . Another notable, albeit subtle, addition is the listing of potentiallyUnsafeConfigAnnotations . This provides a standardized way for runtimes to signal configuration annotations that might alter behavior in unexpected or insecure ways, offering a clearer path for security auditors and developers to assess potential risks. While these updates are highly technical and deep in the weeds, they represent the continuous refinement of the core standards that ensure all OCI-compliant runtimes can deliver consistent, interoperable, and increasingly secure container execution. Orchestration and Migration: Kubernetes and the Compose Conundrum The local development story for Docker alternatives, particularly when it comes to multi-container applications and Kubernetes integration, has seen robust evolution, albeit with its own set of challenges. Kubernetes Integration: CRI-O, containerd, and Podman's Bridge containerd 's role as the primary runtime for Kubernetes via CRI is well-established and has been further hardened by the 2.0 release. For local Kubernetes development, containerd is often used directly or indirectly via tools like kind or k3s . Podman's story with Kubernetes is distinct. It does not directly implement CRI for kubelet interaction but offers powerful capabilities for developers working with Kubernetes manifests locally. The podman play kube command allows you to deploy a Kubernetes YAML file (for Pods, Deployments, Services, ConfigMaps) directly on a local Podman host, translating Kubernetes objects into Podman pods and containers. This is incredibly useful for local testing of Kubernetes workloads without a full-blown Kubernetes cluster. If you are working with complex configurations, you can use this YAML to JSON tool to validate your manifest structure. However, podman play kube isn't a Sources tomsitcafe.com medium.com datacamp.com dev.to podman-desktop.io 🛠️ Related Tools Explore these DataFormatHub tools related to this topic: YAML to JSON - Convert container configs JSON Formatter - Format Dockerfiles 📚 You Might Also Like Zod vs Yup vs TypeBox: The Ultimate Schema Validation Guide for 2025 Rust JS Tooling 2025: Why Biome, Oxc, and Rolldown Change Everything Kong vs. AWS API Gateway: The Truth About API Management in 2025 This article was originally published on DataFormatHub , your go-to resource for data format and developer tools insights. Top comments (3) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand leob leob leob Follow Joined Aug 4, 2017 • Jan 1 • Edited on Jan 1 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Way over my head - but, do you think this will gradually replace (I'm not going to say "kill") Docker? One consideration, which I think will become increasingly "front of mind" is: Can "AI" coding tools work with this stuff? LLMs (more particularly the mainstream coding models/tools) tend to be trained on stuff that's "mainstream" - if you ask it to generate a piece of frontend code, it will probably be able to do that more successfully in React than in some obscure frontend framework ... In other words - AI will tend to make 'dominant' tech even more dominant, kind of like a self fulfilling prophecy ... Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow DataFormatHub - Best Tools and Tech blog website Email social@dataformathub.com Joined Dec 10, 2025 • Jan 1 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide That is such a profound take, especially the 'AI self-fulfilling prophecy' part. You hit the nail on the head 🙂↕️. To your first point: Is it 'killing' Docker? Probably not today, but Podman and containerd 2.0 are definitely winning the 'architectural war' by being more modular and daemonless. Docker has become a bit of a 'legacy monolith' in comparison. It’s like moving from a massive Swiss Army knife to a set of specialized, high-performance tools 🤷🏻♂️. On the AI side, you're 100% right. LLMs are basically 'popularity mirrors'. Since 90% of the tutorials out there use docker run, AI tools will keep suggesting Docker, making it even harder for better tech like Podman to break through. It's a massive feedback loop. However, we're starting to see tools like Cursor or specialized RAGs that can ingest the latest Podman docs instantly, but for the 'average' dev, the AI definitely favors the dominant incumbent. Really appreciate the thought-provoking comment! 🧠 Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand leob leob leob Follow Joined Aug 4, 2017 • Jan 2 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide "Popularity mirrors", that's also a nice way to put it ... but yes, even despite "AI bias" I believe you when you say that Podman can gradually increase marketshare/mindshare until there comes a time when the tables are turned! ;-) Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse DataFormatHub Follow DataFormatHub - Best Tools and Tech blog website Joined Dec 10, 2025 More from DataFormatHub AI Coding Tools Bias: Why Niche Frameworks are Dying in 2026 # ai # agentic # automation # news Cloudflare vs Vercel vs Netlify: The Truth about Edge Performance 2026 # news Vitest vs Jest 30: Why 2026 is the Year of Browser-Native Testing # testing # javascript # codequality # news 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Google Account Information: When you connect your Google account to your Newspack powered site, we may access certain Google user data such as your Google Ad Manager Configuration (the network code and your ad units) and your Google Analytics data to allow you to access and manage features more seamlessly. For example, you may be able to manage your Google ads and see your Google Analytics data directly within the dashboard of your Newspack powered site. The information we receive depends on which services you use or authorize and what options are available. Third-party services may also give us information, like mailing addresses for individuals who are not yet our users (but we hope will be!). We use this information for marketing purposes like postcards and other mailers advertising our Services. How and Why We Use Information Purposes for Using Information We use information about you for the purposes listed below: To provide our Services. For example, to set up and maintain your account, host your website, backup and restore your website, provide customer service, process payments and orders, and verify user information. To ensure quality, maintain safety, and improve our Services. For example, by providing automatic upgrades and new versions of our Services. Or, for example, by monitoring and analyzing how users interact with our Services so we can create new features that we think our users will enjoy and that will help them create and manage websites more efficiently or make our Services easier to use. To place and manage ads in our advertising program. For example, to place ads on our users’ sites and some of our own sites as part of our advertising program, and understand ad performance. To market our Services and measure, gauge, and improve the effectiveness of our marketing. For example, by targeting our marketing messages to groups of our users (like those who have a particular plan with us or have been users for a certain length of time), advertising our Services, analyzing the results of our marketing campaigns (like how many people purchased a paid plan after receiving a marketing message), and understanding and forecasting user retention. To protect our Services, our users, and the public. For example, by detecting security incidents; detecting and protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent, or illegal activity; fighting spam; complying with our legal obligations; and protecting the rights and property of Automattic and others, which may result in us, for example, declining a transaction or terminating Services. To fix problems with our Services. For example, by monitoring, debugging, repairing, and preventing issues. To customize the user experience. For example, to personalize your experience by serving you relevant notifications and advertisements for our Services, recommending content through our Reader post suggestions, and providing new essays and stories through Longreads for your reading pleasure. To communicate with you. For example, by emailing you to ask for your feedback, share tips for getting the most out of our products, or keep you up to date on Automattic; texting you to verify your payment; or calling you to share offers and promotions that we think will be of interest to you. If you don’t want to hear from us, you can opt out of marketing communications at any time. (If you opt out, we’ll still send you important updates relating to your account.) To recruit and hire new Automatticians. For example, by evaluating job applicants (including verifying their identity, experience, and other information submitted), screening their applications using automated or partially automated tools (which are subject to human review at every stage of the process), and communicating with them by phone, email, or social media platforms. If the application progresses, we may also collect interview information and background check information. This may also include verifying information required to initiate employment, for purposes such as confirming ability to legally work in a specific location, setting up payroll, and complying with statutory reporting requirements. Legal Bases for Collecting and Using Information A note here for those in the European Union about our legal grounds for processing information about you under EU data protection laws, which is that our use of your information is based on the grounds that: (1) The use is necessary in order to fulfill our commitments to you under the applicable terms of service or other agreements with you or is necessary to administer your account — for example, in order to enable access to our website on your device or charge you for a paid plan; or (2) The use is necessary for compliance with a legal obligation; or (3) The use is necessary in order to protect your vital interests or those of another person; or (4) We have a legitimate interest in using your information — for example, to provide and update our Services; to improve our Services so that we can offer you an even better user experience; to safeguard our Services; to communicate with you; to measure, gauge, and improve the effectiveness of our advertising; and to understand our user retention and attrition; to monitor and prevent any problems with our Services; and to personalize your experience; for job applicants, to ensure that we hire the most suitable applicant for a role; or (5) You have given us your consent — for example before we place certain cookies on your device and access and analyze them later on, as described in our Cookie Policy . Sharing Information How We Share Information We share information about you in limited circumstances, and with appropriate safeguards on your privacy. These are spelled out below, as well as in the section called Ads and Analytics Services Provided by Others : Subsidiaries and independent contractors: We may disclose information about you to our subsidiaries and independent contractors who need the information to help us provide our Services or process the information on our behalf. We require our subsidiaries and independent contractors to follow this Privacy Policy for any personal information that we share with them. Third-party vendors: We may share information about you with third-party vendors who need the information in order to provide their services to us, or to provide their services to you or your site. This includes vendors that help us provide our Services to you (like Stripe, which powers WooPayments, payment providers that process your credit and debit card information, payment providers you use for your own ecommerce operations, fraud prevention services that allow us to analyze fraudulent payment transactions, cloud storage services, postal and email delivery services that help us stay in touch with you, customer chat and email support services that help us communicate with you, registrars, registries, data escrow services that allow us to provide domain registration services, and your hosting provider if your site is not hosted by Automattic); those that assist us with our marketing efforts (e.g., by providing tools for identifying a specific marketing target group or improving our marketing campaigns, and by placing ads to market our services); those that help us understand and enhance our Services (like analytics providers); those that make tools to help us run our operations (like programs that help us with task management, scheduling, word processing, email and other communications, collaboration among our teams, and recruitment screening); other third-party tools that help us manage operations; and companies that make products available on our websites (like the extensions on woocommerce.com), who may need information about you in order to, for example, provide technical or other support services to you. We require vendors to agree to privacy commitments in order to share information with them. Other vendors are listed in our more specific policies (e.g., our Cookie Policy ). Legal and regulatory requirements: We may disclose information about you in response to a subpoena, court order, or other governmental request. For more information on how we respond to requests for information about WordPress.com users, please see our Legal Guidelines . Additionally, if you have a domain registered with WordPress.com, we may share your information to comply with the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers’ (ICANN) regulations, rules, or policies. For example, your information relating to your domain registration may be available in the WHOIS database, or we may be required to share your information with ICANN-approved Dispute Resolution Service Providers. Please see our Domain Registrations and Privacy support document for more details. To protect rights, property, and others: We may disclose information about you when we believe in good faith that disclosure is reasonably necessary to protect the property or rights of Automattic, third parties, or the public at large. For example, if we have a good faith belief that there is an imminent danger of death or serious physical injury, we may disclose information related to the emergency without delay . Business transfers: In connection with any merger, sale of company assets, or acquisition of all or a portion of our business by another company, or in the unlikely event that Automattic goes out of business or enters bankruptcy, user information would likely be one of the assets that is transferred or acquired by a third party. If any of these events were to happen, this Privacy Policy would continue to apply to your information and the party receiving your information may continue to use your information, but only consistent with this Privacy Policy. With your consent: We may share and disclose information with your consent or at your direction. For example, we may share your information with third parties when you authorize us to do so, like when you connected your site to a social media service through our Publicize feature. Aggregated or de-identified information: We may share information that has been aggregated or de-identified, so that it can no longer reasonably be used to identify you. For instance, we may publish aggregate statistics about the use of our Services, or share a hashed version of your email address to facilitate customized ad campaigns on other platforms. Site owners: If you have a WordPress.com account and interact with another site using our Services, your information may be shared with the administrators of the site. For example, if you leave a comment on a site created on WordPress.com or running Jetpack, your IP address and the email address associated with your WordPress.com account may be shared with the administrator(s) of the site where you left the comment. Or if you make a payment (like via the Payments feature ) to a site, your public display name, user name, and email address may be shared with the administrator(s) of the site. Or if you follow/subscribe to another WordPress.com site we will share your email address with the site owner. Published support requests: If you send us a request for assistance (for example, via a support email or one of our other feedback mechanisms), we reserve the right to publish that request in order to clarify or respond to your request, or to help us support other users. Information Shared Publicly Information that you choose to make public is — you guessed it — disclosed publicly. That means information like your public profile, posts, other content that you make public on your website, and your “Likes” and comments on other websites are all available to others — and we hope they get a lot of views! For example, the photo that you upload to your public profile, or a default image if you haven’t uploaded one, is your G lobally R ecognized Avatar, or Gravatar — get it? :) Your Gravatar, along with other public profile information, displays alongside the comments and “Likes” that you make on other users’ websites while logged in to your WordPress.com account. Your Gravatar and public profile information may also display with your comments, “Likes,” and other interactions on websites that use our Gravatar service, if the email address associated with your account is the same email address you use on the other website. We also provide a “Firehose” stream of public data (like posts and comments) from some sites that use our Services to provide that data to Firehose subscribers, who may view and analyze the content (all subject to our Terms of Service), but do not have rights to re-publish it publicly. Find out more about opting out of the Firehose for WordPress.com and Jetpack sites. Public information may also be indexed by search engines or used by third parties. Please keep all of this in mind when deciding what you would like to share publicly. How Long We Keep Information We generally discard information about you when it’s no longer needed for the purposes for which we collect and use it — described in the section above on How and Why We Use Information — and we’re not legally required to keep it. For example, we keep web server logs that record information about a visitor to one of Automattic’s websites, like the visitor’s IP address, browser type, and operating system, for approximately 30 days. We retain the logs for this period of time in order to, among other things, analyze traffic to Automattic’s websites and investigate issues if something goes wrong on one of our websites. As another example, when you delete a post, page, or comment from your WordPress.com site, it stays in your Trash folder for thirty days in case you change your mind and would like to restore that content, because starting from scratch is no fun. After the thirty days are up, the deleted content may remain on our backups and caches until purged. If you are a job applicant, we will keep your personal data during the application process, and for a certain period thereafter. To determine that period, we take into account a number of factors, like our legal and regulatory obligations (such as equal opportunity obligations) and whether we may need to retain personal data for internal business purposes like analyzing our applicant pool. Security While no online service is 100% secure, we work very hard to protect information about you against unauthorized access, use, alteration, or destruction, and take reasonable measures to do so. We monitor our Services for potential vulnerabilities and attacks. To enhance the security of your account, we encourage you to enable our advanced security settings, like Two Step Authentication . Choices You have several choices available when it comes to information about you: Limit the information that you provide: If you have an account with us, you can choose not to provide the optional account information, profile information, and transaction and billing information. Please keep in mind that if you do not provide this information, certain features of our Services — for example, premium themes that carry an additional charge — may not be accessible. If you are a job applicant, and you choose not to provide certain data elements to us, we may not be able to proceed with the recruitment process. Limit access to information on your mobile device: Your mobile device operating system should provide you with the option to discontinue our ability to collect stored information or location information via our mobile apps. If you choose to limit this, you may not be able to use certain features, like geotagging for photographs. Opt out of marketing communications: You may opt out of receiving promotional communications from us. Just follow the instructions in those communications or let us know. If you opt out of promotional communications, we may still send you other communications, like those about your account and legal notices. Set your browser to reject cookies: At this time, Automattic does not respond to “do not track” signals across all of our Services. However, you can usually choose to set your browser to remove or reject browser cookies before using Automattic’s websites, with the drawback that certain features of Automattic’s websites may not function properly without the aid of cookies. Opt out of our internal analytics program: You can do this through your user settings. By opting out, you will stop sharing information with our analytics tool about events or actions that happen after the opt-out, while you’re logged in to your WordPress.com account. For more information, please see our Cookie Policy . Close your account: While we’d be very sad to see you go, you can close your account if you no longer want to use our Services. ( Here are account closure instructions for WordPress.com accounts.) Please keep in mind that we may continue to retain your information after closing your account, as described in How Long We Keep Information above — for example, when that information is reasonably needed to comply with (or demonstrate our compliance with) legal obligations such as law enforcement requests, or reasonably needed for our legitimate business interests. Your Rights If you are located in certain parts of the world, including some US states and countries that fall under the scope of the UK or European General Data Protection Regulation (aka the “GDPR”), you may have certain rights regarding your personal information, like the right to request access to or deletion of your data. UK or European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) If you are located in a country that falls under the scope of the GDPR, data protection laws give you certain rights with respect to your personal data, subject to any exemptions provided by the law, including the rights to: Request access to your personal data; Request correction or deletion of your personal data; Object to our use and processing of your personal data; Request that we limit our use and processing of your personal data; and Request portability of your personal data. You also have the right to make a complaint to a government supervisory authority. US Privacy Laws Laws in some US states require us to provide residents with additional information about the categories of personal information we collect and share, where we get that personal information, and how and why we use it. You’ll find that information in this section (if you are a California resident, please note that this is the Notice at Collection we are required to provide you under California law). In the last 12 months, we collected the following categories of personal information, depending on the Services used: Identifiers (like your name, contact information, and device and online identifiers); Commercial information (your billing information and purchase history, for example); Characteristics protected by law (for example, you might provide your gender as part of a research survey for us or you may choose to voluntarily disclose your race or veteran status as part of your job application); Internet or other electronic network activity information (such as your usage of our Services, like the actions you take as an administrator of a WordPress.com site); Geolocation data (such as your location based on your IP address); Audio, electronic, visual or similar information (such as your profile picture, if you uploaded one); Professional or employment-related information (for example, your company and team information if you are a Happy Tools user, or information you provide in a job application); and Inferences we make (such as likelihood of retention or attrition). If you are a job applicant, we may have also collected: Education information, such as the education you disclose in your job application. You can find more information about what we collect and sources of that information in the Information We Collect section above. We collect personal information for the business and commercial purposes described in the How and Why We Use Information section . And we share this information with the categories of third parties described in the Sharing Information section . We retain this information for the length of time described in our How Long We Keep Information section . In some US states you have additional rights subject to any exemptions provided by your state’s respective law, including the right to: Request a copy of the specific pieces of information we collect about you and, if you’re in California, to know the categories of personal information we collect, the categories of business or commercial purpose for collecting and using it, the categories of sources from which the information came, and the categories or list of third parties we share it with; Request deletion of personal information we collect or maintain; Request correction of personal information we collect or maintain; Opt out of the sale or sharing of personal information; Receive a copy of your information in a readily portable format; and Not receive discriminatory treatment for exercising your rights. You can find detailed metrics about Automattic’s compliance with these rights in our Privacy Report . Right to Opt Out We never directly sell your personal information in the conventional sense (i.e., for money). We may share your information as necessary with our third-party service providers to provide our services to you. To the extent that we share your information with certain advertising, marketing, or analytics vendors, this can be considered a “sale” or “share” in certain U.S. States, which you may have the right to opt out of. You can learn more about this sharing and how to opt out by clicking the “Do Not Sell My Personal Information” link in the footer of our websites, or from the settings page within our apps. Note that in some instances this link will only display to individuals visiting our sites from within the relevant states. Our opt-out is managed through cookies, so if you delete cookies, your browser is set to delete cookies automatically after a certain length of time, or if you visit sites in a different browser, you’ll need to make this selection again. We also respect the GPC browser signal and will treat it as a valid means of communicating your desire to opt out. We do not collect or process your sensitive (and potentially sensitive) personal information except where it is strictly necessary to provide you with our service, where the processing is not for the purpose of inferring characteristics about you, or for other purposes that do not require an option to limit under California law. We don’t knowingly sell or share personal information of those under 16. Your Information & Personalized Advertising Our mission is to democratize publishing and commerce, and that means making our Services accessible to as many people as possible. We show ads on some of our users’ sites as well as some of our own sites, and the revenue these ads generate lets us offer free access to some of our Services so that money doesn’t become an obstacle to having a voice. Our ads program also allows our users to earn revenue to support and grow their own sites. As part of our advertising program, we and our users do use cookies to share certain device identifiers and information about your browsing activities with our advertising partners, and those advertising partners may use that information to show you personalized ads on some of our users’ sites and some of our own. The personal information we share includes online identifiers; internet or other network or device activity (such as cookie information, other device identifiers, and IP address); and geolocation data (approximate location information from your IP address). These disclosures may be considered a “sale” or “share” of information under some US state privacy laws. We do not sell (or share) information through our ads program that identifies you personally, like your name or contact information. Learn how you can opt out by going to Advertising on WordPress.com Sites and Sites in the WordAds Program . Contacting Us About These Rights You can usually access, correct, or delete your personal data using your account settings and tools that we offer, but if you aren’t able to or you’d like to contact us about one of the other rights, scroll down to “ How to Reach Us ” to, well, find out how to reach us. When you contact us about one of your rights under this section, we’ll need to verify that you are the right person before we disclose or delete anything. For example, if you are a user, we will need you to contact us from the email address associated with your account. You can also designate an authorized agent to make a request on your behalf by giving us written authorization. We may still require you to verify your identity with us. Appeals Process for Rights Requests Denials In some circumstances we may deny your request to exercise one of these rights. For example, if we cannot verify that you are the account owner we may deny your request to access the personal information associated with your account. As another example, if we are legally required to maintain a copy of your personal information we may deny your request to delete your personal information. In the event that we deny your request, we will communicate this fact to you in writing. You may appeal our decision by responding in writing to our denial email and stating that you would like to appeal. All appeals will be reviewed by an internal expert who was not involved in your original request. In the event that your appeal is also denied this information will be communicated to you in writing. Please note that the appeal process does not apply to job applicants. If your appeal is denied, in some US states you may refer the denied appeal to the state attorney general if you believe the denial is in conflict with your legal rights. The process for how to do this will be communicated to you in writing at the same time we send you our decision about your appeal. Controllers and Responsible Companies Automattic’s Services are worldwide. Different Automattic companies are the controller (or co-controller) of personal information, which means that they are the company responsible for processing that information, based on the particular service and the location of the individual using our Services. Depending on the Services you use, more than one company may be the controller of your personal data. Generally, the “controller” is the Automattic company that entered into the contract with you under the Terms of Service for the product or service you use. In addition, Automattic Inc., our US-based company, is the controller for some of the processing activities across all of our Services worldwide. The chart below explains the current controllers for processing your personal information. We use the term “Designated Countries” to refer to Australia, Canada, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Russia, and all countries located in Europe (including the UK and ROI). Automattic Services (except Woo) If you reside outside of the Designated Countries: Automattic Inc. 60 29th Street #343 San Francisco, CA 94110 If you reside in the Designated Countries: Aut O’Mattic A8C Ireland Ltd. Grand Canal Dock, 25 Herbert Pl Dublin, D02 AY86 IrelandAutomattic Inc. is also the controller for some of the processing activities related to Services provided by Aut O’Mattic A8C Ireland Ltd. Woo Services Woo services includes WooCommerce, WooPayments, WooCommerce Shipping, WooCommerce Tax, MailPoet, and other products and services available at woocommerce.com. If you reside outside of the Designated Countries: WooCommerce, Inc. 60 29th Street #343 San Francisco, CA 94110Automattic Inc. is also the controller for some of the processing activities related to Services provided by WooCommerce, Inc. If you reside in the Designated Countries: WooCommerce Ireland Ltd. Grand Canal Dock, 25 Herbert Pl Dublin, D02 AY86 IrelandAutomattic Inc and WooCommerce, Inc are also the joint controllers for some of the processing activities related to Services provided by WooCommerce Ireland Ltd. How to Reach Us If you have a question about this Privacy Policy, or you would like to contact us about any of the rights mentioned in the Your Rights section above, please contact us through our web form or via email . These are the fastest ways to get a response to your inquiry, but you can also contact us by telephone at 1-877-273-3049. Other Things You Should Know (Keep Reading!) Transferring Information Because Automattic’s Services are offered worldwide, the information about you that we process when you use the Services in the EU or the UK may be used, stored, and/or accessed by individuals operating outside the European Economic Area (EEA) or the UK who work for us, other members of our group of companies, or third-party data processors. This is required for the purposes listed in the How and Why We Use Information section above. When providing information about you to entities outside the EEA or the UK, we will take appropriate measures to ensure that the recipient protects your personal information adequately in accordance with this Privacy Policy as required by applicable law. These measures include entering into European Commission or UK government approved standard contractual arrangements with entities based in countries outside the EEA or the UK. You can ask us for more information about the steps we take to protect your personal information when transferring it from the EU or the UK. Ads and Analytics Services Provided by Others Ads appearing on any of our Services may be delivered by advertising networks. Other parties may also provide analytics services via our Services. These ad networks and analytics providers may set tracking technologies (like cookies) to collect information about your use of our Services and across other websites and online services. These technologies allow these third parties to recognize your device to compile information about you or others who use your device. This information allows us and other companies to, among other things, analyze and track usage, determine the popularity of certain content, and deliver ads that may be more targeted to your interests. Please note this Privacy Policy only covers the collection of information by Automattic and does not cover the collection of information by any third-party advertisers or analytics providers. Third-Party Software and Services If you’d like to use third-party plugins or embeds, WooPayments (powered by Stripe), Woo extensions that enable services provided by third parties, or other third-party software or services, please keep in mind that interacting with them may mean providing information about yourself (or your site visitors) to those third parties. For example, some third-party services may request or require access to your (yours, your visitors’, or customers’) data via a pixel or cookie. Please note that if you use the third-party service or grant access, your data will be handled in accordance with the third party’s privacy policy and practices. We don’t own or control these third parties, and they have their own rules about information collection, use, and sharing, which you should review before using the software or services. Visitors to Our Users’ Websites We also process information about visitors to our users’ websites, on behalf of our users and in accordance with our user agreements. Please note that our processing of that information on behalf of our users for their websites isn’t covered by this Privacy Policy. We encourage our users to post a privacy policy that accurately describes their practices on data collection, use, and sharing of personal information. If you’d like, you can also read more about the data we collect on behalf of our users in our Privacy Notice . Users control the content posted on their sites, so any disputes regarding content on a user’s site should be made directly to the site owner, through their “contact us” page, at an email address they provide, or by leaving a comment on the site. Privacy Policy Changes Although most changes are likely to be minor, Automattic may change its Privacy Policy from time to time. Automattic encourages visitors to frequently check this page for any changes to its Privacy Policy. If we make changes, we will notify you by revising the change log below, and, in some cases, we may provide additional notice (like adding a statement to our homepage or the WordPress.com Blog, or sending you a notification through email or your dashboard). Your further use of the Services after a change to our Privacy Policy will be subject to the updated policy. Other Information and Resources Jetpack Privacy Center Woo and the GDPR Translation Our Privacy Policy was originally written in English (US). We may translate it into other languages. For example: French: https://automattic.com/fr/privacy/ Spanish: https://automattic.com/es/privacy/ German: https://automattic.com/de/privacy/ In the event of a conflict between a translated version of our Privacy Policy and the English version, the English version will control. That’s it! Thanks for reading. Change log December 11, 2025: Updated some product names as well as the US Privacy Laws section to include an additional right. October 6, 2025: Added more detail about the use of information we collect about job applicants. August 5, 2025 : Added more detail about information we collect about job applicants. April 22, 2024: Removed the outdated list of specific US states covered by the US Privacy Laws section. October 31, 2023: Changed instances of “WooCommerce” to “Woo.” July 12, 2023: Added new example of information shared with site owners. March 17, 2023: Removed references to WPVIP. December 30, 2022: Updated the California rights section to apply to additional US states. October 18, 2022 : Added wp.cloud to the list of our websites. April 26, 2022: Included information regarding WooPay. November 22, 2021: Included information for WPScan. October 8, 2021: Included information for WordPress.com Courses and Newspack. Updated the “Information we Collect from Other Sources” section with new examples. January 1, 2021 : Included information for AutomateWoo and Jetpack CRM. Updated the “Controllers and Responsible Companies” section to reflect changes affecting WooCommerce users. December 7, 2020: Included information for MailPoet. October 12, 2020 : Renamed WooCommerce Services to WooCommerce Shipping & Tax. August 1, 2020 : Renamed som | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
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Right menu Introducing Realm9: Solving Enterprise Environment Chaos with AI Prasad P Prasad P Prasad P Follow Nov 2 '25 Introducing Realm9: Solving Enterprise Environment Chaos with AI # devops # platformengineering # ai # terraform 1 reaction Comments 3 comments 6 min read Platform Engineering: The Secret Sauce Behind Every Great Tech Team kaustubh yerkade kaustubh yerkade kaustubh yerkade Follow Oct 29 '25 Platform Engineering: The Secret Sauce Behind Every Great Tech Team # platformengineering # devops # infrastructureascode # containers 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Your Next Pull Request Will Come From a Product Manager Signadot Signadot Signadot Follow Oct 27 '25 Your Next Pull Request Will Come From a Product Manager # ai # devops # ephemeralenvironments # platformengineering 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Platform Engineering: The Solution to Developer Burnout You Didn’t Know You Needed Griff Polk Griff Polk Griff Polk Follow Oct 22 '25 Platform Engineering: The Solution to Developer Burnout You Didn’t Know You Needed # webdev # devops # platformengineering # programming 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Cost of Confusing SRE, DevOps, and Platform Engineering Severin Neumann Severin Neumann Severin Neumann Follow for Causely Sep 19 '25 The Cost of Confusing SRE, DevOps, and Platform Engineering # devops # sre # platformengineering Comments Add Comment 4 min read This Could Be the Next Devops : Platform Engineering, AIOps & Cloud-Native Automation kaustubh yerkade kaustubh yerkade kaustubh yerkade Follow Oct 19 '25 This Could Be the Next Devops : Platform Engineering, AIOps & Cloud-Native Automation # devops # cloudnative # platformengineering # aiops Comments Add Comment 3 min read Measuring Platform Engineering with MONK metrics Steve Fenton Steve Fenton Steve Fenton Follow Sep 9 '25 Measuring Platform Engineering with MONK metrics # softwaredevelopment # platformengineering Comments Add Comment 4 min read Taming Chaos in the Cloud: How Platform Engineering Solves Modern Tech’s Biggest Headaches Kubernetes with Naveen Kubernetes with Naveen Kubernetes with Naveen Follow Oct 11 '25 Taming Chaos in the Cloud: How Platform Engineering Solves Modern Tech’s Biggest Headaches # devops # platformengineering # cloudnative # kubernetes Comments Add Comment 3 min read What Kubernetes Challenges Can Platform Engineering Solve? 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https://dev.to/ppabis/serverless-picture-gallery-on-google-cloud-part-2-57mc#comments | Serverless Picture Gallery on Google Cloud - Part 2 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Piotr Pabis Posted on Jan 12 • Originally published at pabis.eu Serverless Picture Gallery on Google Cloud - Part 2 # gcp # googlecloud Google Cloud Serverless Picture Gallery (+AI ✨🤩❗️) (2 Part Series) 1 Serverless Picture Gallery on Google Cloud - Part 1 2 Serverless Picture Gallery on Google Cloud - Part 2 In this episode we will continue the project and implement uploading functionality using presigned URLs generated by Cloud Storage. What is more, on successful uploads we are going to trigger a Cloud Run Function that will pass the uploaded image to Vision API to describe it with labels that initially we will only print to the logs. To see the parts we will be creating, look at the diagram below. GitHub repository: ppabis/gcp-photos-gallery Back to part 1 Uploads bucket and permissions First we need a place to upload our images somewhere. For simplicity, we can create another bucket. I will also add lifecycle policy to this bucket so that it is being cleaned up every day in case some uploads cause failure in the function. What is also important is to allow uploading to the bucket from any domain. Cross Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) will block by default any interactions that are not coming from the same domain (in that case storage.googleapis.com ), so we need a custom header for this. resource "google_storage_bucket" "tmp_upload_bucket" { name = "tmp-upload- ${ random_string . bucket_name . result } " location = "EU" storage_class = "STANDARD" uniform_bucket_level_access = true force_destroy = true lifecycle_rule { action { type = "Delete" } condition { age = 1 } } cors { origin = [ "*" ] method = [ "PUT" , "POST" ] response_header = [ "Content-Type" ] max_age_seconds = 3600 } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode As the next step we need to allow our Cloud Run service to write to the bucket as well as generate presigned URLs. Even though we will not be directly writing any data from the container, presigned URLs will inherit the subset of permissions of the creator, in our case Cloud Run's Service Account. As you remember from the previous episode, we have attached an empty Service Account to the service. resource "google_storage_bucket_iam_member" "sa_storage_creator_tmp" { member = "serviceAccount: ${ google_service_account . cloud_run_sa . email } " bucket = google_storage_bucket . tmp_upload_bucket . name role = "roles/storage.objectCreator" } # Allow SA to sign URLs resource "google_service_account_iam_member" "sa_token_creator" { service_account_id = google_service_account . cloud_run_sa . name role = "roles/iam.serviceAccountTokenCreator" member = "serviceAccount: ${ google_service_account . cloud_run_sa . email } " } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Generating Presigned URLs for direct uploads to the bucket When we use Presigned URL to PUT or POST an object to the Cloud Storage, we save on network bandwidth and CPU cycles, as any compute service just throws an authenticated link to the user (which is some kilobytes long) and then it's just up to the client to interact with Cloud Storage. We just specify location, token and then all the bits go directly to the bucket. Let's define the function for uploading the images in Python. For simplicity, the following function will only process JPG images but in the repository you will find a more sophisticated function for many MIME types. import datetime , uuid , os from google.cloud import storage import google.auth import google.auth.transport.requests @app.get ( " /api/upload-url " ) def get_upload_url (): credentials , project_id = google . auth . default () credentials . refresh ( google . auth . transport . requests . Request ()) bucket_name = os . environ . get ( " UPLOAD_BUCKET " ) blob_name = f " { uuid . uuid4 () } .jpg " blob = storage . Client ( credentials = credentials ). bucket ( bucket_name ). blob ( blob_name ) url = blob . generate_signed_url ( version = " v4 " , expiration = datetime . timedelta ( minutes = 15 ), method = " PUT " , content_type = " image/jpeg " , access_token = credentials . token , service_account_email = credentials . service_account_email , ) return { " url " : url } @app.get ( " /upload " ) def upload_page ( request : fastapi . Request ): return templates . TemplateResponse ( " upload.html " , { " request " : request }) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode First, we need to refresh Google Cloud credentials, which will give us a new token. Then we will use these specific credentials for the Cloud Storage client and ask the service to sign the URL with our token. You might ask why can't we just do it like in AWS: use our IAM Role tied to Lambda to generate presigned URL? For some reason Google Cloud implements two types of credentials: one is typical tokens (like AWS STS with assumed roles) and another is "compute" credentials that have no private key that is needed for signing. It's just an implementation detail that nobody questions 🙄. Either way continuing with our website, now we need to upload the file somehow. In AWS S3 we would get a token for POST method that just accepts HTML forms. In GCP we need to use JavaScript to perform a PUT request. So our site will be a bit interactive. First we will generate a new signed URL when the user picks a file in file chooser and then we will perform a PUT on a button click. <div class= "upload-container" > <form id= "upload-form" > <input type= "file" id= "file-input" name= "file" accept= "image/*" required > <br> <button type= "submit" id= "upload-button" class= "btn-submit" disabled > Upload to Gallery </button> </form> </div> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode const fileInput = document . getElementById ( ' file-input ' ); const uploadButton = document . getElementById ( ' upload-button ' ); let signedUrl = null ; // When user selects a file, call /api/upload-url and enable the "Upload" button fileInput . addEventListener ( ' change ' , async function () { const file = this . files [ 0 ]; if ( file ) { console . log ( ' Requesting upload permission... ' ); try { const response = await fetch ( ' /api/upload-url ' ); const data = await response . json (); if ( data . url ) { signedUrl = data . url ; uploadButton . disabled = false ; } else console . log ( ' Error: ' + ( data . error || ' Could not get upload URL ' )); } catch ( e ) { console . log ( ' Error connecting to server. ' + e ); } } else { uploadButton . disabled = true ; signedUrl = null ; } }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now we can create another listener on button click that will perform the PUT request to server and send us back to the index of the website. const uploadForm = document . getElementById ( ' upload-form ' ); uploadForm . addEventListener ( ' submit ' , async function ( e ) { e . preventDefault (); if ( ! signedUrl || ! fileInput . files [ 0 ]) return ; uploadButton . disabled = true ; const file = fileInput . files [ 0 ]; try { const response = await fetch ( signedUrl , { method : ' PUT ' , body : file , headers : { ' Content-Type ' : ' image/jpeg ' } }); if ( ! response . ok ) throw new Error ( response . statusText ); console . log ( ' Upload successful! Redirect to index ' ); setTimeout (() => { window . location . href = ' / ' ; }, 2000 ); } catch ( error ) { console . log ( ' Error during upload. ' + error ); uploadButton . disabled = false ; } }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The last thing you have to do is to place UPLOAD_BUCKET environment variable in the original service we created in the previous part. resource "google_cloud_run_v2_service" "website_service" { name = "website-service" ... template { containers { ... env { name = "UPLOAD_BUCKET" value = google_storage_bucket . tmp_upload_bucket . name } } } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode I exposed the HTML file on /upload endpoint (although it's just a static file, you can host it in the bucket as well). Now when rebuild and redeploy the container and try to upload an image when you go to this URL on the Load Balancer, it should appear in the temporary bucket. Cloud Run Function for labeling the image We can now continue to create a Cloud Run Function that will process each uploaded image to the temporary bucket. For that we will use functions-framework library for Python (as this is my language of choice). It provides some decorators and classes that allow us to bind code and Cloud Run Functions infrastructure. Our function will be later triggered by Eventarc so we specify cloud_event as the entry point. This is similar to Lambda being triggered by EventBridge. import functions_framework from flask import request @functions_framework.cloud_event def process_image ( cloud_event ): data = cloud_event . data ... Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode I will also define a helper log function that will be useful to format the logs in a way expected by Logs Explorer and set the severity of the log as well. Next I will define another function that will call Vision API with the path to the uploaded object in the bucket. This function will get the applied labels with scores formatted as string to be easy to use later. @functions_framework.cloud_event def process_image ( cloud_event ): data = cloud_event . data def log ( msg , sev = " INFO " ): header = request . headers . get ( " X-Cloud-Trace-Context " ) tid = header . split ( " / " )[ 0 ] if header else " n/a " print ( json . dumps ({ " message " : msg , " severity " : sev , " logging.googleapis.com/trace " : tid })) image_path = f " gs:// { data [ ' bucket ' ] } / { data [ ' name ' ] } " labels = label_image ( image_path , log ) log ( " Labels detected by Vision API: " + " , " . join ( labels )) from google.cloud import vision def label_image ( image_path , log ): client = vision . ImageAnnotatorClient () image = vision . Image () image . source . gcs_image_uri = image_path try : log ( f " Labelling image: { image_path } " ) response = client . label_detection ( image = image ) if response . error . message : raise Exception ( response . error . message ) labels = response . label_annotations return [ f " { label . description } (score: { label . score : . 2 f } ) " for label in labels ] except Exception as e : log ( f " Error processing image with Vision API: { e } " , " ERROR " ) raise e Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Packing the function and deploying Just as Lambda we need to package the Cloud Run function as a ZIP file. But also we need to put it into a bucket first and then give Cloud Run gs:// location. The following Terraform code will zip and upload the code to the bucket and do it every time there are changes in image_processor directory. Remember to also add requirements.txt in this directory with the following: functions-framework==3.* google-cloud-vision google-cloud-storage Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode resource "google_storage_bucket" "function_source_bucket" { name = "function-source- ${ random_string . bucket_name . result } " location = "EU" storage_class = "STANDARD" uniform_bucket_level_access = true force_destroy = true } data "archive_file" "processor_source" { type = "zip" source_dir = " ${ path . module} /image_processor" output_path = " ${ path . module} /image_processor.zip" } resource "google_storage_bucket_object" "processor_zip" { name = "source- ${data . archive_file . processor_source . output_md5 } .zip" bucket = google_storage_bucket . function_source_bucket . name source = data . archive_file . processor_source . output_path } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now we can define the new Cloud Run Function along with its Service Account. We will give permissions to read data in the temporary bucket as well as execute Vision API. To make the function future-proof, I will also set the memory to 512 MB and give a generous timeout of 200 seconds. resource "google_cloudfunctions2_function" "image_processor" { name = "image-processor" location = "europe-west4" description = "Background processor for uploaded images" build_config { runtime = "python311" entry_point = "process_image" source { storage_source { bucket = google_storage_bucket . function_source_bucket . name object = google_storage_bucket_object . processor_zip . name } } } service_config { max_instance_count = 3 available_memory = "512M" timeout_seconds = 200 service_account_email = google_service_account . processor_sa . email } # event_trigger { ... to be revisited later } } resource "google_service_account" "processor_sa" { account_id = "image-processor-sa" display_name = "Service Account for Image Processor Function" } resource "google_storage_bucket_iam_member" "processor_storage_viewer" { bucket = google_storage_bucket . tmp_upload_bucket . name role = "roles/storage.objectViewer" member = "serviceAccount: ${ google_service_account . processor_sa . email } " } resource "google_project_iam_member" "processor_vision_user" { project = var . project_id role = "roles/visionai.admin" member = "serviceAccount: ${ google_service_account . processor_sa . email } " } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode But this is not all! Next we need to define a trigger that will cause any uploaded object into the bucket to invoke this function. For that we will need additional service account with specific permissions, namely receiving events from Eventarc, invoking this function and being usable by global Eventarc service account. We also need to allow Cloud Storage to use Pub/Sub in our project. # All the permissions configuration resource "google_service_account" "processor_event_sa" { account_id = "image-processor-event-sa" display_name = "Service Account for tmp Bucket events" } resource "google_project_iam_member" "processor_event_receiver" { project = var . project_id role = "roles/eventarc.eventReceiver" member = "serviceAccount: ${ google_service_account . processor_event_sa . email } " } resource "google_cloud_run_v2_service_iam_member" "processor_invoker" { location = google_cloudfunctions2_function . image_processor . location project = google_cloudfunctions2_function . image_processor . project name = google_cloudfunctions2_function . image_processor . name role = "roles/run.invoker" member = "serviceAccount: ${ google_service_account . processor_event_sa . email } " } data "google_project" "project" {} resource "google_service_account_iam_member" "eventarc_sa_user" { service_account_id = google_service_account . processor_event_sa . name role = "roles/iam.serviceAccountUser" member = "serviceAccount:service- ${data . google_project . project . number } @gcp-sa-eventarc.iam.gserviceaccount.com" } resource "google_project_iam_member" "gcs_pubsub_publishing" { project = var . project_id role = "roles/pubsub.publisher" member = "serviceAccount:service- ${data . google_project . project . number } @gs-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com" } ### Edit the Cloud Run function and add a trigger resource "google_cloudfunctions2_function" "image_processor" { name = "image-processor" location = "europe-west4" ... event_trigger { trigger_region = "eu" event_type = "google.cloud.storage.object.v1.finalized" retry_policy = "RETRY_POLICY_DO_NOT_RETRY" service_account_email = google_service_account . processor_event_sa . email event_filters { attribute = "bucket" value = google_storage_bucket . tmp_upload_bucket . name } } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now when you upload any image to the bucket you should see in the Logs Explorer and entry with the list of the labels that were created by Vision API along with the scores. However, not all images receive labels. Often screenshots or memes cannot be classified by this service. Moving forward In the next episode of this series, we are going to finish the project by enhancing each image using Gemini on Vertex AI, storing the results in a Firestore database and listing those on the main site. Google Cloud Serverless Picture Gallery (+AI ✨🤩❗️) (2 Part Series) 1 Serverless Picture Gallery on Google Cloud - Part 1 2 Serverless Picture Gallery on Google Cloud - Part 2 Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Piotr Pabis Follow 15x AWS Certified Community Builder Location Berlin, Germany Education Gdańsk University of Technology Work ABOUT YOU SE Joined Mar 1, 2024 More from Piotr Pabis Serverless Picture Gallery on Google Cloud - Part 1 # googlecloud # gcp 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DUMB DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DUMB DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # gcp Follow Hide Discussions specific to Google Cloud Platform, its services, and best practices. Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? realNameHidden realNameHidden realNameHidden Follow Jan 13 You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? # apigeex # apigee # api # gcp 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Serverless Picture Gallery on Google Cloud - Part 2 Piotr Pabis Piotr Pabis Piotr Pabis Follow Jan 12 Serverless Picture Gallery on Google Cloud - Part 2 # googlecloud # gcp Comments Add Comment 8 min read 🚀 Build, Push, and Deploy a Python App image to Cloud Run Using Google Cloud Build Triggers Latchu@DevOps Latchu@DevOps Latchu@DevOps Follow Jan 9 🚀 Build, Push, and Deploy a Python App image to Cloud Run Using Google Cloud Build Triggers # devops # gcp # cicd # containers 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How Do You Handle Orchestration in Apigee X Using ServiceCallout & FlowCallout? realNameHidden realNameHidden realNameHidden Follow Jan 8 How Do You Handle Orchestration in Apigee X Using ServiceCallout & FlowCallout? # apigee # interivew # gcp # apigeex 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read I Completely Moved from Google Cloud AI to Azure OpenAI Service Because of This One Feature Pratik Pathak Pratik Pathak Pratik Pathak Follow Jan 8 I Completely Moved from Google Cloud AI to Azure OpenAI Service Because of This One Feature # discuss # azure # gcp # openai Comments Add Comment 6 min read Your Backend Sends 200 OK Even When an Order Fails — How Do You Fix It in Apigee X? realNameHidden realNameHidden realNameHidden Follow Jan 5 Your Backend Sends 200 OK Even When an Order Fails — How Do You Fix It in Apigee X? # apigee # apigeex # gcp # interview 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read ☁️ What If I Move to the Cloud? 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DUMB DEV Community Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DUMB DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DUMB DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://www.git-tower.com/learn/cheat-sheets/git | Git Cheat Sheet | Learn Version Control with Git Tower Navigation Features Undo Anything Just press Cmd+Z Drag and Drop Make the complex effortless Integrations Use your favorite tools Tower Workflows Branching Configurations Stacked Pull Requests Supercharged workflows All Features Release Notes Pricing Support Documentation Contact Us Account Login Learn Git Video Course 24 episodes Online Book From novice to master Cheat Sheets For quick lookup Webinar Learn from a Git professional First Aid Kit Recover from mistakes Advanced Git Kit Dive deeper Blog Download Download Git Cheat Sheet Download our popular cheat sheet for the Git version control system Git Cheat Sheet Even with a GUI application at hand there are times when you resort to the command line. We admit we can’t memorize all important Git commands – that’s why we created a nice cheat sheet for Git that we would like to share with you. On the front you can find all important commands. On the back you can find our Version Control Best Practices that help you get the most out of version control with Git. Available in English | Deutsch | Español | Português | العربية | Chinese Available in Light and Dark versions! Download the Cheat Sheet Get 17 of our most popular Cheat Sheets in one handy ZIP! Download Now for Free Light Version (Page 1) Dark Version (Page 2) Download the Cheat Sheet Get 17 of our most popular Cheat Sheets in one handy ZIP! Download Now for Free Giveaways. Cheat Sheets. eBooks. Discounts. And great content from our blog! Yes, I want the free newsletter that's loved by over 100,000 developers and designers. It's free, it's sent infrequently (approx. once a month) and you can unsubscribe any time. I have read and accept the Privacy Policy . I understand that I can unsubscribe at any time. About Us As the makers of Tower, the best Git client for Mac and Windows , we help over 100,000 users in companies like Apple, Google, Amazon, Twitter, and Ebay get the most out of Git. Just like with Tower, our mission with this platform is to help people become better professionals. That's why we provide our guides, videos, and cheat sheets (about version control with Git and lots of other topics) for free. About About Blog Merch Tower Git Client Git & Version Control Online Book First Aid Kit Webinar Video Course Advanced Git Kit FAQ Glossary Commands Web Development Website Optimization Python and Fauna Tutorial Cheat Sheets Command Line 101 Git Git for Subversion Users HTML Hugo JavaScript Markdown PowerShell Regex Ruby on Rails Tower Git Client Visual Studio Code Website Optimization Workflow of Version Control Working with Branches in Git Xcode Your trial is downloading… Try Tower "Pro" for 30 days without limitations! Tower Close Updates, Courses & Content via Email Updates about Tower, discounts, and giveaways as well as new content from the Tower blog. Free email course " Learn Git with Tower " (8 emails) Free email course " Tips & Tricks for Tower " (10 emails) I have read and accept the Privacy Policy . I understand that I can unsubscribe at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in any email. Updates about Tower, discounts, and giveaways as well as new content from the Tower blog. Free email course " Learn Git with Tower " (8 emails) Free email course " Tips & Tricks for Tower" (10 emails) I have read and accept the Privacy Policy . I understand that I can unsubscribe at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in any email. Thank you for subscribing Please check your email to confirm Close Want to win one of our awesome Tower shirts? Tell your friends about Tower! Share on Twitter We'll pick 4 winners every month who share this tweet! Follow @gittower to be notified if you win! Try Tower for Free Sign up below and use Tower "Pro" for 30 days without limitations! Close Yes, send me instructions on how to get started with Tower. Yes, I want to hear about new Tower updates, discounts and giveaways as well as new content from the Tower blog. I have read and accept the Privacy Policy . I understand that I can unsubscribe at any time. Imprint / Legal Notice | Privacy Policy | Privacy Settings © 2010-2026 Tower - Mentioned product names and logos are property of their respective owners. | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://www.git-tower.com/blog/tower-windows-10#submitting-a-branch-to-create-a-pull-request | Tower 10 for Windows — Introducing Graphite Support | Tower Blog You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience. Tower Navigation Features Undo Anything Just press Cmd+Z Drag and Drop Make the complex effortless Integrations Use your favorite tools Tower Workflows Branching Configurations Stacked Pull Requests Supercharged workflows All Features Release Notes Pricing Support Documentation Contact Us Account Login Learn Git Video Course 24 episodes Online Book From novice to master Cheat Sheets For quick lookup Webinar Learn from a Git professional First Aid Kit Recover from mistakes Advanced Git Kit Dive deeper Blog Download Download < Back to Blog Tower 10 for Windows — Introducing Graphite Support Bruno Brito November 2025 | 7 min read Share: The wait is over: Tower 10 has arrived! For enthusiasts of Stacked Pull Requests, this release is a game-changer. We're excited to announce comprehensive support for Graphite , integrating its most powerful features directly into Tower. You can now handle your stacked branches and craft Pull Requests seamlessly within our Git client ✌️ With our Tower 8.0 update , we set the stage for incorporating advanced Git workflows. Features like Branch Dependency and the "Restack" action were introduced, and the response from our user community has been overwhelmingly positive. Building on that foundation, Tower 10 now offers full support for Graphite's toolset, empowering you to merge changes into your projects faster than ever. This article will guide you through the essentials of Graphite and how it integrates with Tower 10. About Graphite If you want to enhance your team's Pull Request process and are unfamiliar with Graphite , you're in for a treat! Graphite employs a stack-based methodology that allows developers to work on several features in parallel by layering changes. This is often called the Stacked Pull Requests workflow . The idea is straightforward: by linking smaller, incremental Pull Requests, you reduce the amount of code to be reviewed. This leads to quicker integration and minimizes the chances of significant merge conflicts or bugs. Effective branch management is key to this approach, and this is where Graphite excels. Even if you are the sole user of this workflow in your team, it works flawlessly from the get-go. There's every reason to give it a shot! 😉 Graphite not only simplifies branch management but also provides a dedicated interface for code reviews (be sure to check out AI Reviews !) and complements GitHub by extending its functionality. In addition to its Web UI, Graphite provides: A CLI tool A VS Code extension You can discover more about Graphite in this article . We believed that integrating these capabilities into a Git client would be a great advantage, so we went ahead and did just that. Let's start the tour! Setting Up Graphite in Tower 10 To begin, simply click the "Workflows" button in the toolbar and select the new Graphite.dev entry. You will need a Graphite.dev account and the Graphite CLI tool (version 1.5.3 or higher) installed. Tower 10 – Enabling the Graphite Workflow ☝️ You may find the "Configure Workflow" button greyed out if you haven't configured Graphite yet. Make sure you install the CLI tool and configure the Graphite token by accessing Tower's terminal ("File -> Open in Terminal"). You'll be asked to specify the "Trunk" branch (typically main ) and your Graphite token , which should be detected automatically by Tower. We recommend installing the Graphite binary via npm , the standard package manager for Node.js. You'll notice the "Workflows" icon has changed to Graphite. Clicking it gives you quick access to popular Graphite commands and opens the Graphite dashboard in your browser. Tower 10 – Graphite Workflow in Toolbar Working with Graphite in Tower 10 Now is a great time to explore the Graphite commands you can run effortlessly in Tower! Working Copy With the Graphite workflow active, you'll see new options in the "Working Copy" view. We've introduced a "Create" action that lets you instantly make a new branch with your staged changes (equivalent to gt create in the Graphite CLI). This is a best practice in the Graphite workflow, which recommends treating each branch as a small, atomic changeset with a single commit initially. The "Commit" action is similar to the gt modify --commit command in Graphite: it adds a new commit to the current branch and automatically restacks if there are no conflicts. Tower 10 — "Working Copy" view ☝️ Tower's "Quick Amend" feature is also compatible with the Graphite workflow. To amend the current branch's commit, hold down ( Left Alt + CTRL ), and the "Commit" button will change to "Modify". This is the same as running gt modify in the Graphite CLI. Creating a Stacked Branch Graphite is centered around Stacked Branches, and creating a new one is simple: right-click on any branch to create a new stacked branch based on it. Tower 10 — Create New Stacked Branch In the following dialog, you can choose its parent branch for straightforward integration and opt to check it out right away. Tower 10 — Create New Stacked Branch Dialog From the context menu, you can also perform all other standard Graphite operations, like renaming, merging, squashing, or deleting branches. Tower 10 – Additional Context Menu Options Setting the Parent Branch You can change a branch's parent at any time, just as you would with Stacked Branches, by using the context menu and selecting "Track Parent Branch." In Graphite's terminology, this is known as "tracking" ( gt track ) and "untracking" ( gt untrack ) a stacked branch. Tower 10 – Setting the Parent Branch Restacking Restacking syncs all changes by rebasing each child branch onto its parent. Tower shows an icon in the sidebar for branches that need restacking. You can perform this action by right-clicking the branch and choosing "Restack [Branch]". In the branch's history, a yellow banner will also inform you that the branch needs to be restacked. Tower 10 — Restack Branch In the "Restack Branch" dialog, you'll see a "Restack Full Stack" option. If this is not checked, Tower/Graphite will restack the selected branch and its parents. If checked, the branch's children will also be restacked (hence "full stack"). Tower will let you know if any conflicts occur during the restack. Tower 10 — Restack Branch Dialog Syncing a Branch Right-clicking any branch also lets you "sync" it. This synchronizes all branches in the stack, much like the gt get command. Tower 10 — Sync Branch Dialog Tower also offers extra options, like restacking all branches in your repository. Submitting a Branch (To Create a Pull Request) You can submit a branch to create a PR by right-clicking it and selecting the option from the context menu. More options are available by clicking the drop-down arrow, such as updating only branches with existing open PRs. Tower 10 — Submit Branch to Graphite All open Pull Requests are accessible in Tower's "Pull Requests" view, in the sidebar or via the shortcut CTRL + 4 . Tower 10 — Pull Requests This view lets you inspect, merge, close, comment on, or check out pull requests without opening a browser. Merge Queue Graphite includes a Merge Queue feature that avoids semantic merge conflicts by automating the rebase process during merges. This keeps the trunk branch "green" and helps development teams move faster with fewer interruptions. In Tower, if a merge is possible, the Graphite branch is added to the merge queue. The merge is asynchronous, so you'll need to manually refresh and sync the branch to see if it has been merged. When a Graphite branch is sent to the merge queue, it's validated remotely. If it can be merged, it is; otherwise, the process fails. To do this, right-click the branch and choose "Add [BRANCH] to Merge Queue…" from Tower's context menu. Tower 10 — Graphite's Merge Queue Warning Messages While using Tower, you might accidentally disrupt Graphite's state with certain Git operations, like a git push . Tower will warn you when this might happen before you proceed. Tower 10 — Warning Message You can enable or disable these prompts in the "Integration" tab of Tower's Settings. Tower 10 — Integration Settings Other Improvements As always, we've also made some other improvements under the hood. Here's a list of the improvements and bug fixes we've addressed: System Menu: The Alt + SPACE shortcut now works as expected. Submodules: Navigation through nested submodules has been refined. Portable Git has been updated to version 2.51.2 for improved compatibility and performance. We hope you enjoy this release! Happy stacking! 😊 Not a Tower user yet? Download our 30-day free trial and see a better way to work with Git! Try Tower 10 Now PS: Did you know? Tower Pro is now free for students and teachers and educational institutions! Table of Contents Introduction About Graphite Setting Up Graphite in Tower 10 Working with Graphite in Tower 10 Other Improvements We make Tower, the best Git client. Try Tower Now Search the Blog Related Posts Meet Graphite – The AI Developer Productivity Platform Tired of endless code review cycles? Find out how Graphite's AI-powered platform and stacked PRs are helping teams like Asana and Vercel ship code faster. Understanding the Stacked Pull Requests Workflow In this post, let's explore the “Stacked Pull Requests” workflow: who it is intended for, its benefits, and the challenges associated with this approach. How Framer Manages Their Codebase with Tower We sat down with Jonas Treub and Niels van Hoorn from the Framer team to understand how Tower assists them in version controlling the Framer codebase, so that their users can build stunning websites. We make Tower, the best Git client for Mac and Windows. We help over 100,000 users in companies like Apple, Google, Amazon, Twitter, and Ebay to easily & productively work with the Git version control system. Try it 30 days for free Your Download is in Progress… Giveaways. Cheat Sheets. eBooks. Discounts. And great content from our blog! Yes, I want the free newsletter that's loved by over 100,000 developers and designers. It's free, it's sent infrequently (approx. once a month) and you can unsubscribe any time. 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https://www.git-tower.com/learn/git/ebook/en/desktop-gui/advanced-topics/git-lfs | Handling Large Files with LFS | Learn Git Ebook (GUI Edition) Tower Navigation Features Undo Anything Just press Cmd+Z Drag and Drop Make the complex effortless Integrations Use your favorite tools Tower Workflows Branching Configurations Stacked Pull Requests Supercharged workflows All Features Release Notes Pricing Support Documentation Contact Us Account Login Learn Git Video Course 24 episodes Online Book From novice to master Cheat Sheets For quick lookup Webinar Learn from a Git professional First Aid Kit Recover from mistakes Advanced Git Kit Dive deeper Blog Download Download Handling Large Files with LFS Git LFS (Large File Storage) is a Git extension for versioning large files. This chapter explains how to use it. Table of Contents Part 1 - The Basics What is Version Control? Why Use Version Control? Setting Up Git on Your Computer The Basic Workflow Starting with an Unversioned Project Starting with an Existing Project Working on Your Project Part 2 - Branching & Merging Branching can Change Your Life Working with Branches Saving Changes Temporarily Checking Out a Local Branch Merging Changes Branching Workflows Part 3 - Sharing Work via Remote Repositories Introduction to Remote Repositories Connecting a Remote Repository Inspecting Remote Data Integrating Remote Changes Publishing a Local Branch Deleting Branches Part 4 - Advanced Topics Undoing Things Inspecting Changes with Diffs Dealing with Merge Conflicts Rebase as an Alternative to Merge Submodules Forking Pull Requests Workflows with git-flow Handling Large Files with LFS Authentication with SSH Public Keys Part 5 - Tools & Services Diff & Merge Tools Code Hosting Services More Learning Resources Appendix Version Control Best Practices Switching from Subversion to Git Why Git? Learn on: Desktop GUI | Command Line Handling Large Files with LFS Working with large binary files can be quite a hassle: they bloat your local repository and leave you with Gigabytes of data on your machine. Most annoyingly, the majority of this huge amount of data is probably useless for you: most of the time, you don't need each and every version of a file on your disk. This problem in mind, Git's standard feature set was enhanced with the "Large File Storage" extension - in short: "Git LFS". An LFS-enhanced local Git repository will be significantly smaller in size because it breaks one basic rule of Git in an elegant way: it does not keep all of the project's data in your local repository. Let's look at how this works. Only the Data You Need Let's say you have a 100 MB Photoshop file in your project. When you make a change to this file (no matter how tiny it might be), committing this modification will save the complete file (huge as it is) in your repository. After a couple of iterations, your local repository will quickly weigh tons of Megabytes and soon Gigabytes. When a coworker clones that repository to her local machine, she will need to download a huge amount of data. And, as already mentioned, most of this data will be of little value: usually, old versions of files aren't used on a daily basis - but they still weigh a lot of Megabytes... The LFS extension uses a simple technique to avoid your local Git repository from exploding like that: it does not keep all versions of a file on your machine . Instead, it only provides the files you actually need in your checked out revision. If you switch branches, it will automatically check if you need a specific version of such a big file and get it for you - on demand. Pointers Instead of Real Data But what exactly is stored in your local repository? We already heard that, in terms of actual files , only those items are present that are actually needed in the currently checked out revision. But what about the other versions of an LFS-managed file? To do its size-reducing wonders, LFS only stores pointers to these files in the repository. These pointers are just references to the actual files which are stored elsewhere, in a special LFS store . An Additional Object Store The usual Git setup is probably old hat to you: Your local computer is home to a local Git repository and the project's Working Copy . Most likely (although not mandatory) there's also a remote server involved which hosts the remote repository . With LFS, this classic setup is extended by an LFS cache and an LFS store : Remember that an LFS-tracked file is only saved as a pointer in the repository. The actual file data, therefore, has to be located somewhere else: in the LFS cache that now accompanies your local Git repository. On the remote side of things, an LFS store saves and delivers all of those large files on demand. Whenever Git in your local repository encounters an LFS-managed file, it will only find a pointer - not the file's actual data. It will then ask the local LFS Cache to deliver it. The LFS Cache tries to look up the file by its pointer; if it doesn't have it already, it requests it from the remote LFS Store. That way, you only have the file data on disk that is necessary for you at the moment. Everything else will be downloaded on demand. Before we get our hands dirty installing and actually using LFS there's one last thing to do: please check if your code hosting service of choice supports LFS. Although most popular services like GitHub, GitLab, and Visual Studio already offer support for LFS, it's nothing to take for granted. Installing Git LFS LFS is a fairly recent invention and not (yet) part of the core Git feature set. However, all recent versions of Tower already include LFS. You don't have to install anything else! Tracking a File with LFS Out of the box, LFS doesn't do anything with your files: you have to explicitly tell it which files it should track! Let's start by adding a large file to the repository, e.g. a nice 100 MB Photoshop file: In Tower's Working Copy view, right-click the file and choose "Track" from the "LFS" submenu. This tells LFS to take care of the file: If you expected fireworks to go off, you'll probably be a bit disappointed: the command didn't do much. But you'll notice that a file named ".gitattributes" in the root of your project was changed! This is where Git LFS remembers which files it should track. If we look at it now, we'll be happy to see that LFS made an entry about our "design.psd" file: design-resources/design.psd filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text Just like the ".gitignore" file (responsible for ignoring items), the ".gitattributes" file and any changes that happen to it should be included in version control. Put simply, you should commit changes to ".gitattributes" to the repository like any other changes, too: Tracking Patterns It would be a bit tedious if you had to manually tell LFS about every single file you want to track. In many cases, you'll want to track all files of a certain kind . With a minimal adjustment to the steps we have just performed, we can tell LFS to track all ".psd" files in our repository: in the "LFS" submenu, simply select "Track All Items Like This". Which Files Are We Tracking? At some point, you might want to check which files in your project you are currently tracking via Git LFS. Just open the repository's "Settings" view and switch to the "Git LFS" tab: When to Track You can accuse Git of many things - but definitely not of forgetfulness: things that you've committed to the repository are there to stay. It's very hard to get things out of a project's commit history (and that's a good thing). In the end, this means one thing: make sure to set your LFS tracking patterns as early as possible - ideally right after initializing a new repository. To change a file that was committed the usual way into an LFS-managed object, you would have to manipulate and rewrite your project's history. And you certainly want to avoid this. Cloning a Git LFS Repository To clone an existing LFS repository from a remote server, you can simply use the standard "Clone" dialog that you already know. After downloading the repository, Git will check out the default branch and then hand over to LFS: if there are any LFS-managed files in the current revision, they'll be automatically downloaded for you. That's all well and good - but if you want to speed up the cloning process, you can use the "LFS Clone" option in the "Clone" dialog. The main difference is that, after the initial checkout was performed, the requested LFS items are downloaded in parallel (instead of one after the other). This could be a nice time saver for repositories with lots of LFS-tracked files. Working with Your Repository Undeniably, the best part about Git LFS is that it doesn't require you to change your workflow. Apart from telling LFS which files it should track, there is nothing to watch out for! No matter if it's committing, pushing or pulling: you can continue to work with the commands you already know and use. Workflows with git-flow Contents SSH Public Keys Get our popular Git Cheat Sheet for free! You'll find the most important commands on the front and helpful best practice tips on the back. Over 100,000 developers have downloaded it to make Git a little bit easier. New content and updates Yes, send me the cheat sheet and sign me up for the Tower newsletter. It's free, it's sent infrequently, you can unsubscribe any time. I have read and accept the Privacy Policy . I understand that I can unsubscribe at any time. About Us As the makers of Tower, the best Git client for Mac and Windows , we help over 100,000 users in companies like Apple, Google, Amazon, Twitter, and Ebay get the most out of Git. Just like with Tower, our mission with this platform is to help people become better professionals. That's why we provide our guides, videos, and cheat sheets (about version control with Git and lots of other topics) for free. About About Blog Merch Tower Git Client Git & Version Control Online Book First Aid Kit Webinar Video Course Advanced Git Kit FAQ Glossary Commands Web Development Website Optimization Python and Fauna Tutorial Cheat Sheets Command Line 101 Git Git for Subversion Users HTML Hugo JavaScript Markdown PowerShell Regex Ruby on Rails Tower Git Client Visual Studio Code Website Optimization Workflow of Version Control Working with Branches in Git Xcode Your trial is downloading… Try Tower "Pro" for 30 days without limitations! Tower Close Updates, Courses & Content via Email Updates about Tower, discounts, and giveaways as well as new content from the Tower blog. Free email course " Learn Git with Tower " (8 emails) Free email course " Tips & Tricks for Tower " (10 emails) I have read and accept the Privacy Policy . I understand that I can unsubscribe at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in any email. Updates about Tower, discounts, and giveaways as well as new content from the Tower blog. Free email course " Learn Git with Tower " (8 emails) Free email course " Tips & Tricks for Tower" (10 emails) I have read and accept the Privacy Policy . I understand that I can unsubscribe at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in any email. Thank you for subscribing Please check your email to confirm Close Want to win one of our awesome Tower shirts? Tell your friends about Tower! Share on Twitter We'll pick 4 winners every month who share this tweet! Follow @gittower to be notified if you win! Try Tower for Free Sign up below and use Tower "Pro" for 30 days without limitations! Close Yes, send me instructions on how to get started with Tower. Yes, I want to hear about new Tower updates, discounts and giveaways as well as new content from the Tower blog. I have read and accept the Privacy Policy . I understand that I can unsubscribe at any time. Imprint / Legal Notice | Privacy Policy | Privacy Settings © 2010-2026 Tower - Mentioned product names and logos are property of their respective owners. | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
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