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https://x.com/privacy#twtr-main | X Privacy Policy Skip to main content Privacy Policy <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Privacy Policy" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="1BJ8" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link=" https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/privacy-policy-2025-07-28/en/x-privacy-policy-2025-07-28.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> X Privacy Policy We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. This version of the Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Privacy Policy continues to apply. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a Professional Account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job applications / recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about you and/or your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad partners, developers, and publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other third parties, account connections, and integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personalize our products and services so that you have a better experience on X, including by showing you more relevant content and ads, suggesting people and topics to follow, enabling and helping you discover affiliates , third-party apps, and services. We may use the information we collect and publicly available information to help train our machine learning or artificial intelligence models for the purposes outlined in this policy. We may use the information we collect from accounts of other services that you choose to connect to your X account to provide you features like cross-posting or cross-service authentication, and to operate our services. We use your contact information to help others find your account if your settings permit, including through third-party services and client applications. We use your information to provide our advertising and sponsored content services subject to your settings , which helps make ads on X more relevant to you. We also use this information to measure the effectiveness of ads and to help recognize your devices to serve you ads on and off of X. Some of our ad partners also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you, as described elsewhere in our Privacy Policy. 2.2 Foster safety and security. We use information we collect to provide for the safety and security of our users, our products, services, and your account. This includes verifying your identity, authenticating your account, estimating or verifying your age as may be required under law, and defending against fraud, unauthorized use, and illegal activity. We also use the information to evaluate and affect the safety and quality of content on X - this includes investigating and enforcing our policies and terms, as well as applicable law. 2.3 Measure, analyze and make our services better. We use the information we collect to measure and analyze the effectiveness of our products and services and to better understand how you use them in order to make them better. 2.4 Communicate with you about our services. We use the information we collect to communicate with you about our products and services, including about product updates and changes to our policies and terms. If you’re open to hearing from us, we may also send you marketing messages from time to time. 2.5 Research. We use information you share with us, or that we collect to conduct research, surveys, product testing, and troubleshooting to help us operate and improve our products and services. 3. Sharing Information You should know the ways we share your information, why we share it, and how you can control it. There are five general ways we share your information. 3.1 When you post and share. With the general public . You are directing us to disclose that information as broadly as possible. X content, including your profile information (e.g., name/pseudonym, username, profile pictures), is available for viewing by the general public. The public does not need to be signed in to view some content on X. They may also find X content off of X: for example, from search query results on Internet search engines or videos downloaded and reshared elsewhere (depending on your settings ). With other X users. Depending on your settings , and based on the X products and services you use, we share: Your interactions with X content of other users, such as replies, and people you follow. Content you send to a specific X user, such as through Direct Messages . Please keep in mind that if you’ve shared information like Direct Messages or protected posts with someone else who accesses X through a third-party service, the information may be shared with the third-party service. With partners. Depending on your settings , we also provide certain third parties with information to help us offer or operate our products and services. You can learn more about these partnerships in our Help Center . You can control whether X shares your personal information with these partners by using the “Data sharing with business partners” option in your Privacy and Safety settings . (This setting does not control sharing described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy, such as when we share information with our service providers, or through partnerships other than as described in this Help Center article.) 3.2 With third parties and third-party integrations. With service providers. We may share your information with our service providers that perform functions and provide services on our behalf, including payment services providers who facilitate payments; service providers that host our various blogs and wikis; service providers that help us understand the use of our services; applicant tracking system providers to send and receive applicant and job data to potential employers; service providers supporting age assurance solutions; and those that provide fraud detection services. With advertisers. Advertising revenue enables us to provide our products and services. Advertisers may learn information from your engagement with their ads on or off X. For example, if you click on an external link or ad on our services, that advertiser or website operator might figure out that you came from X, along with other information associated with the ad you clicked, such as characteristics of the audience it was intended to reach and other X-generated identifiers for that ad. They may also collect other personal information from you, such as cookie identifiers, or your IP address. Third-party content and integrations. We share or disclose your information with your consent or at your direction, such as when you authorize a third-party web client or application to access your account or when you direct us to share your feedback with a business. Similarly, to improve your experience, we work with third-party partners to display their video content on X or to allow cross-platform sharing. When you watch or otherwise interact with content from our video or cross-platform sharing partners, they may receive and process your personal information as described in their privacy policies. For video content, you can adjust your autoplay settings if you prefer that content not to play automatically. Third-party collaborators. Depending on your settings , or if you decide to share your data, we may share or disclose your information with third parties. If you do not opt out, in some instances the recipients of the information may use it for their own independent purposes in addition to those stated in X’s Privacy Policy, including, for example, to train their artificial intelligence models, whether generative or otherwise. Through our APIs. We use technology like APIs and embeds to make public X information available to websites, apps, and others for their use, for example, displaying posts on a news website or analyzing what people say on X. We generally make this content available in limited quantities for free and charge licensing fees for large-scale access. We have standard terms that govern how this information can be used, and a compliance program to enforce these terms. But these individuals and companies are not affiliated with X, and their offerings may not reflect updates you make on X. For more information about how we make public data on X available to the world, visit https://developer.x.com . 3.3 When required by law, to prevent harm, or in the public interest. We may preserve, use, share, or disclose your information if we believe that it is reasonably necessary to: comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request ; protect the safety of any person, protect the safety or integrity of our platform, including to help prevent spam, abuse, or malicious actors on our services; explain why we have removed content or accounts from our services (e.g., for a violation of our Rules ); address fraud, security, or technical issues; or protect our rights or property, or the rights or property of those who use our services. We may also use different signals and your data to infer, preserve, use, share, or disclose your age and identity information in order to comply with regulatory requirements as well as for safety, security, fraud, know-your-customer, know-your-business, and identity verification, as the case may be. We may also share or disclose your age and identity information with our partners, service providers, and others for these purposes. 3.4 With our affiliates. We may share information amongst our affiliates to provide our products and services. 3.5 As a result of a change in ownership. We may share, sell, or transfer information about you in connection with a merger, acquisition, reorganization, sale of assets, or bankruptcy. This Privacy Policy will apply to your personal information that is shared with (before and after the close of any transaction) or transferred to the new entity. 4. How Long We Keep Information We keep different types of information for different periods of time, depending on how long we need to retain it in order to provide you with our products and services, to comply with our legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: We keep your profile information, such as your display name, user name, password and email address for the duration of your account. We cannot provide you with our products and services without retaining this information. We keep your usage information, such as the content you post, your interactions with other users’ content and how you interact with others on the platform for the duration of your account or until such content is removed. We keep your payment information, including your credit or debit card number and billing address for the duration you use our paid products and services. Records of transactions will be kept for longer, in accordance with applicable law. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will keep information about the communication and its content for up to 18 months, unless it is necessary for us to retain it for a longer period to comply with our legal obligations or to exercise or defend our legal rights. We generally collect device information, location information, inferred identity information and log information using cookies. We keep cookies and information collected using cookies for up to 13 months. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . We keep information about your views or interactions with ads on or off X, as well as how you interact with our content on third-party sites for up to 12 months. We keep information shared by ad and business partners for up to 12 months. Where you violate our Rules and your account is suspended, we may keep the identifiers you used to create the account (such as your email address or phone number) indefinitely to prevent repeat policy offenders from creating new accounts. We may need to keep certain information longer than our policies specify in order to comply with legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: To comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request. Including in order to adhere to a legally appropriate preservation request made by law enforcement. You can read more about law enforcement access here . In connection with legal claims, litigation, and regulatory matters. Including where it is reasonably necessary to retain information relating to your account in order to defend X against legal claims. To maintain the safety and security of our products and services. Including where it is necessary to store your information longer in order to investigate and fight abuse on our products and services. Remember public content can exist elsewhere even after it is removed from X. For example, search engines and other third parties may retain copies of your posts longer, based upon their own privacy policies, even after they are deleted or expire on X. You can read more about search visibility here . 5. Take Control 5.1 Access, correction, and portability. You can access, correct, or modify the information you provided to us by editing your profile and adjusting your account settings . You can learn more about the information we have collected or inferred about you in Your X Data and request access to additional information here . You can download a copy of your information, such as your posts, by following the instructions here . To protect your privacy and maintain security, we take steps to verify your identity before granting you access to your personal information or complying with a deletion, portability, or other related request. We may, in certain situations, reject your request for access, correction, or portability, for example, we may reject access where you are unable to verify your identity. 5.2 Deleting your information. If you follow the instructions here , your account will be deactivated and your data will be queued for deletion. When deactivated, your X account, including your display name, username, and public profile, will no longer be viewable on X.com, X for iOS, and X for Android. For up to 30 days after deactivation it is still possible to restore your X account if it was accidentally or wrongfully deactivated. 5.3 Objecting to, restricting, or withdrawing your consent. You can manage your privacy settings and other account features here . If you change your settings it may take some time for your choices to be fully reflected throughout our systems. You may also notice changes in your X experience or limitations in your ability to access certain features depending on the settings you’ve adjusted. You may also manage additional settings when interacting with certain content and features on different parts of the platform, such as whether a Space is recorded, or whether videos you upload are downloadable by others. 5.4 Authorized agent requests. To submit a request related to access, modification, or deletion of your information, or someone else’s information if you are their authorized agent, you may also contact us as specified in the How To Contact X section of our Privacy Policy below. We may require you to provide additional information for verification. 6. Your Rights And Ours We provide X to people all over the world and provide many of the same privacy tools and controls to all of our users regardless of where they live. However, your experience may be slightly different than users in other countries to ensure X respects local requirements. 6.1 We have specific legal bases to use your information. X has carefully considered the legal reasons it is permitted to collect, use, share and otherwise process your information. If you want to dig in to learn more and better understand the nuances, we’d encourage you to check out this additional information about data processing . And no, we don’t sell your personal information. 6.2 We move your data to make X work for you. Just as you use X to seamlessly participate in global conversations with people in countries all over the world, X must move information across borders and to different countries around the world to support the safe and reliable service you depend on. For example, if you live in Europe and are having a conversation with someone in the United States, information has to move between those countries to provide that experience – it’s what you expect from us. We also use data centers and cloud providers, and engage our affiliates and third-party partners and service providers located in many parts of the world to help us provide our services. Before we move data between countries we look at the risks that may be presented to the data and rely on standard contractual clauses (SCCs), where applicable, to ensure your data rights are protected. To request a copy of the SCCs, please contact us here . If data will be shared with a third party, we require them to maintain the same protections over your data that we provide directly. X is a participant in the EU-US Data Privacy Framework (DPF), the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF. X complies with the DPF Principles for all its processing of personal data received from the European Union, Switzerland and the UK, in reliance on the EU-US DPF, Swiss-US DPF and UK Extension to the EU-US DPF, respectively. If you have an inquiry or complaint related to our participation in the DPF, please contact us here . As part of our participation in the DPF, if you have a dispute with us about our adherence to the DPF Principles, we will seek to resolve it through our internal complaint resolution process, alternatively through the US-based independent dispute resolution body JAMS , and under certain conditions, through the DPF Arbitration Process following the procedures and subject to the conditions described in Annex 1 to the DPF Principles. DPF participants are subject to the investigatory and enforcement powers of the US Federal Trade Commission and other authorized statutory bodies. Under certain circumstances, participants may be liable for the transfer of personal data from the EU, Switzerland and the UK to third parties outside the EU, Switzerland and the UK. Learn more about the EU-US DPF, the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF here . 7. X's Audience Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy The most current version of this Privacy Policy governs our processing of your personal data and we may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time as needed. If we do revise this Privacy Policy and make changes that are determined by us to be material, we will provide you notice and an opportunity to review the revised Privacy Policy before you continue to use X. 9. General The X Privacy Policy is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X Privacy Policy shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X Privacy Policy. 10. How To Contact X We want to hear from you if you have thoughts or questions about this Privacy Policy. You can contact us via our Privacy Policy Inquiries page or by writing to us at the appropriate address below. Information about our handling of California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) requests is available here . Information about our handling of “Consumer Health Data” and associated requests as defined under Washington State’s My Health My Data Act and other similar state laws is available here . For Oregon residents, more information about our handling of personal information described in this Privacy Policy and associated requests and appeals under Oregon’s Consumer Privacy Act (OCPA) is available here . If you live in the United States or any other country outside of the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Corp., with an address of: X Corp. Attn: Privacy Policy Inquiry 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Internet Unlimited Company, with an address of: X Internet Unlimited Company Attn: Data Protection Officer One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 IRELAND If you live in Switzerland, you can also contact our appointed representative at the following address: X Switzerland GmbH Attn: Data Protection Officer c/o Wasag Treuhand AG Normannenstrasse 8 Postfach 783 3018 Bern, SWITZERLAND If you wish to raise a concern about our data processing practices , you have the right to do so with your local supervisory authority or X Internet Unlimited Company’s lead supervisory authority, the Irish Data Protection Commission, using the contact details listed on their website. Effective: January 15, 2026 View previous policies Take control of your privacy Adjust your settings X Privacy Policy Effective until January 15, 2026 We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. The updated Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. The current Privacy Policy is located below. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal Accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a professional account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment Information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric Information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job Applications / Recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage Information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device Information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location Information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred Identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log Information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad Partners, Developers, Publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other Third Parties, Account Connections, and Integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personaliz | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
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https://x.com/privacy#chapter2 | X Privacy Policy Skip to main content Privacy Policy <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Privacy Policy" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="1BJ8" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link=" https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/privacy-policy-2025-07-28/en/x-privacy-policy-2025-07-28.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> X Privacy Policy We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. This version of the Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Privacy Policy continues to apply. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a Professional Account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job applications / recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about you and/or your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad partners, developers, and publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other third parties, account connections, and integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personalize our products and services so that you have a better experience on X, including by showing you more relevant content and ads, suggesting people and topics to follow, enabling and helping you discover affiliates , third-party apps, and services. We may use the information we collect and publicly available information to help train our machine learning or artificial intelligence models for the purposes outlined in this policy. We may use the information we collect from accounts of other services that you choose to connect to your X account to provide you features like cross-posting or cross-service authentication, and to operate our services. We use your contact information to help others find your account if your settings permit, including through third-party services and client applications. We use your information to provide our advertising and sponsored content services subject to your settings , which helps make ads on X more relevant to you. We also use this information to measure the effectiveness of ads and to help recognize your devices to serve you ads on and off of X. Some of our ad partners also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you, as described elsewhere in our Privacy Policy. 2.2 Foster safety and security. We use information we collect to provide for the safety and security of our users, our products, services, and your account. This includes verifying your identity, authenticating your account, estimating or verifying your age as may be required under law, and defending against fraud, unauthorized use, and illegal activity. We also use the information to evaluate and affect the safety and quality of content on X - this includes investigating and enforcing our policies and terms, as well as applicable law. 2.3 Measure, analyze and make our services better. We use the information we collect to measure and analyze the effectiveness of our products and services and to better understand how you use them in order to make them better. 2.4 Communicate with you about our services. We use the information we collect to communicate with you about our products and services, including about product updates and changes to our policies and terms. If you’re open to hearing from us, we may also send you marketing messages from time to time. 2.5 Research. We use information you share with us, or that we collect to conduct research, surveys, product testing, and troubleshooting to help us operate and improve our products and services. 3. Sharing Information You should know the ways we share your information, why we share it, and how you can control it. There are five general ways we share your information. 3.1 When you post and share. With the general public . You are directing us to disclose that information as broadly as possible. X content, including your profile information (e.g., name/pseudonym, username, profile pictures), is available for viewing by the general public. The public does not need to be signed in to view some content on X. They may also find X content off of X: for example, from search query results on Internet search engines or videos downloaded and reshared elsewhere (depending on your settings ). With other X users. Depending on your settings , and based on the X products and services you use, we share: Your interactions with X content of other users, such as replies, and people you follow. Content you send to a specific X user, such as through Direct Messages . Please keep in mind that if you’ve shared information like Direct Messages or protected posts with someone else who accesses X through a third-party service, the information may be shared with the third-party service. With partners. Depending on your settings , we also provide certain third parties with information to help us offer or operate our products and services. You can learn more about these partnerships in our Help Center . You can control whether X shares your personal information with these partners by using the “Data sharing with business partners” option in your Privacy and Safety settings . (This setting does not control sharing described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy, such as when we share information with our service providers, or through partnerships other than as described in this Help Center article.) 3.2 With third parties and third-party integrations. With service providers. We may share your information with our service providers that perform functions and provide services on our behalf, including payment services providers who facilitate payments; service providers that host our various blogs and wikis; service providers that help us understand the use of our services; applicant tracking system providers to send and receive applicant and job data to potential employers; service providers supporting age assurance solutions; and those that provide fraud detection services. With advertisers. Advertising revenue enables us to provide our products and services. Advertisers may learn information from your engagement with their ads on or off X. For example, if you click on an external link or ad on our services, that advertiser or website operator might figure out that you came from X, along with other information associated with the ad you clicked, such as characteristics of the audience it was intended to reach and other X-generated identifiers for that ad. They may also collect other personal information from you, such as cookie identifiers, or your IP address. Third-party content and integrations. We share or disclose your information with your consent or at your direction, such as when you authorize a third-party web client or application to access your account or when you direct us to share your feedback with a business. Similarly, to improve your experience, we work with third-party partners to display their video content on X or to allow cross-platform sharing. When you watch or otherwise interact with content from our video or cross-platform sharing partners, they may receive and process your personal information as described in their privacy policies. For video content, you can adjust your autoplay settings if you prefer that content not to play automatically. Third-party collaborators. Depending on your settings , or if you decide to share your data, we may share or disclose your information with third parties. If you do not opt out, in some instances the recipients of the information may use it for their own independent purposes in addition to those stated in X’s Privacy Policy, including, for example, to train their artificial intelligence models, whether generative or otherwise. Through our APIs. We use technology like APIs and embeds to make public X information available to websites, apps, and others for their use, for example, displaying posts on a news website or analyzing what people say on X. We generally make this content available in limited quantities for free and charge licensing fees for large-scale access. We have standard terms that govern how this information can be used, and a compliance program to enforce these terms. But these individuals and companies are not affiliated with X, and their offerings may not reflect updates you make on X. For more information about how we make public data on X available to the world, visit https://developer.x.com . 3.3 When required by law, to prevent harm, or in the public interest. We may preserve, use, share, or disclose your information if we believe that it is reasonably necessary to: comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request ; protect the safety of any person, protect the safety or integrity of our platform, including to help prevent spam, abuse, or malicious actors on our services; explain why we have removed content or accounts from our services (e.g., for a violation of our Rules ); address fraud, security, or technical issues; or protect our rights or property, or the rights or property of those who use our services. We may also use different signals and your data to infer, preserve, use, share, or disclose your age and identity information in order to comply with regulatory requirements as well as for safety, security, fraud, know-your-customer, know-your-business, and identity verification, as the case may be. We may also share or disclose your age and identity information with our partners, service providers, and others for these purposes. 3.4 With our affiliates. We may share information amongst our affiliates to provide our products and services. 3.5 As a result of a change in ownership. We may share, sell, or transfer information about you in connection with a merger, acquisition, reorganization, sale of assets, or bankruptcy. This Privacy Policy will apply to your personal information that is shared with (before and after the close of any transaction) or transferred to the new entity. 4. How Long We Keep Information We keep different types of information for different periods of time, depending on how long we need to retain it in order to provide you with our products and services, to comply with our legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: We keep your profile information, such as your display name, user name, password and email address for the duration of your account. We cannot provide you with our products and services without retaining this information. We keep your usage information, such as the content you post, your interactions with other users’ content and how you interact with others on the platform for the duration of your account or until such content is removed. We keep your payment information, including your credit or debit card number and billing address for the duration you use our paid products and services. Records of transactions will be kept for longer, in accordance with applicable law. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will keep information about the communication and its content for up to 18 months, unless it is necessary for us to retain it for a longer period to comply with our legal obligations or to exercise or defend our legal rights. We generally collect device information, location information, inferred identity information and log information using cookies. We keep cookies and information collected using cookies for up to 13 months. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . We keep information about your views or interactions with ads on or off X, as well as how you interact with our content on third-party sites for up to 12 months. We keep information shared by ad and business partners for up to 12 months. Where you violate our Rules and your account is suspended, we may keep the identifiers you used to create the account (such as your email address or phone number) indefinitely to prevent repeat policy offenders from creating new accounts. We may need to keep certain information longer than our policies specify in order to comply with legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: To comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request. Including in order to adhere to a legally appropriate preservation request made by law enforcement. You can read more about law enforcement access here . In connection with legal claims, litigation, and regulatory matters. Including where it is reasonably necessary to retain information relating to your account in order to defend X against legal claims. To maintain the safety and security of our products and services. Including where it is necessary to store your information longer in order to investigate and fight abuse on our products and services. Remember public content can exist elsewhere even after it is removed from X. For example, search engines and other third parties may retain copies of your posts longer, based upon their own privacy policies, even after they are deleted or expire on X. You can read more about search visibility here . 5. Take Control 5.1 Access, correction, and portability. You can access, correct, or modify the information you provided to us by editing your profile and adjusting your account settings . You can learn more about the information we have collected or inferred about you in Your X Data and request access to additional information here . You can download a copy of your information, such as your posts, by following the instructions here . To protect your privacy and maintain security, we take steps to verify your identity before granting you access to your personal information or complying with a deletion, portability, or other related request. We may, in certain situations, reject your request for access, correction, or portability, for example, we may reject access where you are unable to verify your identity. 5.2 Deleting your information. If you follow the instructions here , your account will be deactivated and your data will be queued for deletion. When deactivated, your X account, including your display name, username, and public profile, will no longer be viewable on X.com, X for iOS, and X for Android. For up to 30 days after deactivation it is still possible to restore your X account if it was accidentally or wrongfully deactivated. 5.3 Objecting to, restricting, or withdrawing your consent. You can manage your privacy settings and other account features here . If you change your settings it may take some time for your choices to be fully reflected throughout our systems. You may also notice changes in your X experience or limitations in your ability to access certain features depending on the settings you’ve adjusted. You may also manage additional settings when interacting with certain content and features on different parts of the platform, such as whether a Space is recorded, or whether videos you upload are downloadable by others. 5.4 Authorized agent requests. To submit a request related to access, modification, or deletion of your information, or someone else’s information if you are their authorized agent, you may also contact us as specified in the How To Contact X section of our Privacy Policy below. We may require you to provide additional information for verification. 6. Your Rights And Ours We provide X to people all over the world and provide many of the same privacy tools and controls to all of our users regardless of where they live. However, your experience may be slightly different than users in other countries to ensure X respects local requirements. 6.1 We have specific legal bases to use your information. X has carefully considered the legal reasons it is permitted to collect, use, share and otherwise process your information. If you want to dig in to learn more and better understand the nuances, we’d encourage you to check out this additional information about data processing . And no, we don’t sell your personal information. 6.2 We move your data to make X work for you. Just as you use X to seamlessly participate in global conversations with people in countries all over the world, X must move information across borders and to different countries around the world to support the safe and reliable service you depend on. For example, if you live in Europe and are having a conversation with someone in the United States, information has to move between those countries to provide that experience – it’s what you expect from us. We also use data centers and cloud providers, and engage our affiliates and third-party partners and service providers located in many parts of the world to help us provide our services. Before we move data between countries we look at the risks that may be presented to the data and rely on standard contractual clauses (SCCs), where applicable, to ensure your data rights are protected. To request a copy of the SCCs, please contact us here . If data will be shared with a third party, we require them to maintain the same protections over your data that we provide directly. X is a participant in the EU-US Data Privacy Framework (DPF), the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF. X complies with the DPF Principles for all its processing of personal data received from the European Union, Switzerland and the UK, in reliance on the EU-US DPF, Swiss-US DPF and UK Extension to the EU-US DPF, respectively. If you have an inquiry or complaint related to our participation in the DPF, please contact us here . As part of our participation in the DPF, if you have a dispute with us about our adherence to the DPF Principles, we will seek to resolve it through our internal complaint resolution process, alternatively through the US-based independent dispute resolution body JAMS , and under certain conditions, through the DPF Arbitration Process following the procedures and subject to the conditions described in Annex 1 to the DPF Principles. DPF participants are subject to the investigatory and enforcement powers of the US Federal Trade Commission and other authorized statutory bodies. Under certain circumstances, participants may be liable for the transfer of personal data from the EU, Switzerland and the UK to third parties outside the EU, Switzerland and the UK. Learn more about the EU-US DPF, the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF here . 7. X's Audience Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy The most current version of this Privacy Policy governs our processing of your personal data and we may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time as needed. If we do revise this Privacy Policy and make changes that are determined by us to be material, we will provide you notice and an opportunity to review the revised Privacy Policy before you continue to use X. 9. General The X Privacy Policy is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X Privacy Policy shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X Privacy Policy. 10. How To Contact X We want to hear from you if you have thoughts or questions about this Privacy Policy. You can contact us via our Privacy Policy Inquiries page or by writing to us at the appropriate address below. Information about our handling of California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) requests is available here . Information about our handling of “Consumer Health Data” and associated requests as defined under Washington State’s My Health My Data Act and other similar state laws is available here . For Oregon residents, more information about our handling of personal information described in this Privacy Policy and associated requests and appeals under Oregon’s Consumer Privacy Act (OCPA) is available here . If you live in the United States or any other country outside of the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Corp., with an address of: X Corp. Attn: Privacy Policy Inquiry 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Internet Unlimited Company, with an address of: X Internet Unlimited Company Attn: Data Protection Officer One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 IRELAND If you live in Switzerland, you can also contact our appointed representative at the following address: X Switzerland GmbH Attn: Data Protection Officer c/o Wasag Treuhand AG Normannenstrasse 8 Postfach 783 3018 Bern, SWITZERLAND If you wish to raise a concern about our data processing practices , you have the right to do so with your local supervisory authority or X Internet Unlimited Company’s lead supervisory authority, the Irish Data Protection Commission, using the contact details listed on their website. Effective: January 15, 2026 View previous policies Take control of your privacy Adjust your settings X Privacy Policy Effective until January 15, 2026 We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. The updated Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. The current Privacy Policy is located below. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal Accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a professional account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment Information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric Information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job Applications / Recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage Information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device Information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location Information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred Identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log Information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad Partners, Developers, Publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other Third Parties, Account Connections, and Integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personaliz | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
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Alex Alex Alex Follow Nov 26 '25 What Are the Common Pitfalls in Developing Financial Technology Products? # financialtechnology # api # database # resources 3 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read My process of baking visual effects into a sprite sheet or static sprite Seren Cof Seren Cof Seren Cof Follow Nov 11 '25 My process of baking visual effects into a sprite sheet or static sprite # gamedev # resources # animation # effects Comments Add Comment 1 min read Kickstart Your Dev Projects: Free Starter Kit with Portfolio Templates & Frontend Dashboard Lotfi Jebali Lotfi Jebali Lotfi Jebali Follow Nov 11 '25 Kickstart Your Dev Projects: Free Starter Kit with Portfolio Templates & Frontend Dashboard # webdev # resources # portfolio # react 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read "Apple Music" Sent a Renewal Email to my Android… Michael R. Michael R. Michael R. Follow Nov 12 '25 "Apple Music" Sent a Renewal Email to my Android… # cybersecurity # security # learning # resources Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why I Built My Own Windows Installer in C# iamsopotatoe iamsopotatoe iamsopotatoe Follow Nov 12 '25 Why I Built My Own Windows Installer in C# # programming # csharp # resources # sideprojects Comments Add Comment 1 min read Minify GeoJSON Files: A Practical Guide Saravanapriyan Saravanapriyan Saravanapriyan Follow Nov 12 '25 Minify GeoJSON Files: A Practical Guide # javascript # webdev # resources 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read 2025 Black Friday Developer Deals Chris Jarvis Chris Jarvis Chris Jarvis Follow Nov 26 '25 2025 Black Friday Developer Deals # developer # learning # resources 8 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read Agentic AI has moved from lab to production, ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot are the leaders, says AI analyst firm SlashData SlashData Team SlashData Team SlashData Team Follow Nov 7 '25 Agentic AI has moved from lab to production, ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot are the leaders, says AI analyst firm SlashData # ai # resources Comments Add Comment 2 min read N8n + Zapier vs Make: The Ultimate Workflow Automation Showdown 2025 Joe Joe Joe Joe Joe Joe Follow Dec 9 '25 N8n + Zapier vs Make: The Ultimate Workflow Automation Showdown 2025 # resources # devtools # comparison Comments Add Comment 5 min read Understanding SIEM: Security Information and Event Management Polliog Polliog Polliog Follow Dec 9 '25 Understanding SIEM: Security Information and Event Management # security # cybersecurity # resources 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 10 min read 10 Open-Source Tools That Replaced My Paid SaaS Stack (And Why They Actually Deserved To) Sonu Goswami Sonu Goswami Sonu Goswami Follow Dec 9 '25 10 Open-Source Tools That Replaced My Paid SaaS Stack (And Why They Actually Deserved To) # ai # opensource # resources # saas Comments Add Comment 3 min read Smart Tax Planning Tips for Freelancers in 2025 Creative Soul Creative Soul Creative Soul Follow Nov 6 '25 Smart Tax Planning Tips for Freelancers in 2025 # career # productivity # resources Comments Add Comment 5 min read 🧩 Building a sustainable collaboration stack: XWiki + OpenProject live session Lorina Balan Lorina Balan Lorina Balan Follow Nov 3 '25 🧩 Building a sustainable collaboration stack: XWiki + OpenProject live session # productivity # opensource # resources # tooling Comments Add Comment 1 min read Introduction to Swarm: an extensible Typescript code generation framework Gary McPherson Gary McPherson Gary McPherson Follow Nov 17 '25 Introduction to Swarm: an extensible Typescript code generation framework # typescript # opensource # webdev # resources 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/zawhtutwin | Zaw Htut Win - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Zaw Htut Win Developer, Code Poet Location Yangon Joined Joined on Jun 4, 2021 Email address zawhtutwin@gmail.com Personal website https://myanteq.com github website More info about @zawhtutwin Badges Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close 4 Week Writing Streak You've posted at least one post per week for 4 consecutive weeks! Got it Close Post 64 posts published Comment 6 comments written Tag 1 tag followed highestOneBit ဆိုတာဘာလဲ Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jan 9 highestOneBit ဆိုတာဘာလဲ # java 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Want to connect with Zaw Htut Win? Create an account to connect with Zaw Htut Win. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Cached HashMap for infinite insertions of entries Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jan 9 Cached HashMap for infinite insertions of entries # java Comments Add Comment 7 min read EventBus Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jan 9 EventBus # architecture # java # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read C++ မှတ်စု (၂) – Pointer နဲ့ Dereferencing Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jul 28 '25 C++ မှတ်စု (၂) – Pointer နဲ့ Dereferencing # cpp # beginners # tutorial # myanmar Comments Add Comment 1 min read C++ မှတ်စု (၁) – Output နဲ့ Memory Address Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jul 28 '25 C++ မှတ်စု (၁) – Output နဲ့ Memory Address # cpp # beginners # myanmar # tutorial Comments Add Comment 1 min read အခန်း(၆) Stack and it's usage(Data Structures in Action) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jul 14 '25 အခန်း(၆) Stack and it's usage(Data Structures in Action) # programming # java Comments Add Comment 1 min read အခန်း(၅) ThreadPoolExecutor နဲ့ တွဲသုံးတဲ့ Datastructure များ(Data Structures in Action) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jul 14 '25 အခန်း(၅) ThreadPoolExecutor နဲ့ တွဲသုံးတဲ့ Datastructure များ(Data Structures in Action) Comments Add Comment 1 min read အပိုင်း(၄)- HashMap ထဲက Node များအကြောင်း (Data Structures in Action) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jul 14 '25 အပိုင်း(၄)- HashMap ထဲက Node များအကြောင်း (Data Structures in Action) # java # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read What I've learnt from MEXC web service that used google protobuf (There are not enough resources on the internet yet) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jul 2 '25 What I've learnt from MEXC web service that used google protobuf (There are not enough resources on the internet yet) # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Timestamp for this request is outside of the recvWindow. Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jun 30 '25 Timestamp for this request is outside of the recvWindow. # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Postman can subscribe web socket topics Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jun 30 '25 Postman can subscribe web socket topics # postman # webdev # testing Comments Add Comment 1 min read AI catching up 😁 Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jun 27 '25 AI catching up 😁 # webdev # java Comments Add Comment 1 min read MEXC api Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jun 26 '25 MEXC api # webdev # java Comments Add Comment 1 min read အပိုင်း(၃)- HashMap(Bit Mixing)(Data Structures in Action) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jun 24 '25 အပိုင်း(၃)- HashMap(Bit Mixing)(Data Structures in Action) # java # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read အပိုင်း(၂) Index Calculation Algorithm in HashMap(Data Structures in Action) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jun 23 '25 အပိုင်း(၂) Index Calculation Algorithm in HashMap(Data Structures in Action) # java # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read API development with Jersey Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow May 23 '25 API development with Jersey Comments Add Comment 4 min read A Poem: You and Lombok, Yesterday Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow May 13 '25 A Poem: You and Lombok, Yesterday # poem # webdev # lombok # java Comments Add Comment 1 min read SpringBoot Sonnet 🌱 Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow May 13 '25 SpringBoot Sonnet 🌱 # poem # java # webdev Comments Add Comment 1 min read Ode to the Rails Whisperer 🚂 Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow May 13 '25 Ode to the Rails Whisperer 🚂 # poem # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Full Stack Development with Spring Boot (အခန်း ၈) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow May 11 '25 Full Stack Development with Spring Boot (အခန်း ၈) # java # programming # softwaredevelopment # sql Comments Add Comment 1 min read Full Stack Development with Spring Boot (အခန်း ၇) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow May 11 '25 Full Stack Development with Spring Boot (အခန်း ၇) # discuss Comments Add Comment 2 min read အပိုင်း(၁) - Java Nuggets(Data Structures in Action) မြန်မာဘာသာ Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow May 2 '25 အပိုင်း(၁) - Java Nuggets(Data Structures in Action) မြန်မာဘာသာ 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read WordPress သင်ခန်းစာ(For Advanced Learner) အခန်း(၃) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Feb 14 '24 WordPress သင်ခန်းစာ(For Advanced Learner) အခန်း(၃) # wordpress Comments Add Comment 2 min read WordPress သင်ခန်းစာ(For Advanced Learner) အခန်း(၂) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Feb 13 '24 WordPress သင်ခန်းစာ(For Advanced Learner) အခန်း(၂) # wordpress 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read WordPress သင်ခန်းစာ(For Advanced Learner) အခန်း(၁) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Feb 13 '24 WordPress သင်ခန်းစာ(For Advanced Learner) အခန်း(၁) # wordpress 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Where is pacman in windows Rails installation? Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Feb 2 '24 Where is pacman in windows Rails installation? # ruby # rails # mysql 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Uncaught Error: Call to a member function get_type() on bool - BackinStock Notifier Wordpress Plugin Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jan 12 '24 Uncaught Error: Call to a member function get_type() on bool - BackinStock Notifier Wordpress Plugin # wordpress Comments Add Comment 1 min read Scripts & Style plugin compitablity with latest Wordpress(too few arguments to function) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jan 11 '24 Scripts & Style plugin compitablity with latest Wordpress(too few arguments to function) # webdev # wordpress # php Comments Add Comment 1 min read Detect the home page in Wordpress with Javascript Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Dec 28 '23 Detect the home page in Wordpress with Javascript # webdev # wordpress Comments Add Comment 1 min read MyInfo v4 cert and JWKS Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Nov 3 '23 MyInfo v4 cert and JWKS # webdev # node # jwks # myinfov4 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Key not recognized in rotp rails gem when scanning with Google Authenticator Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Oct 19 '23 Key not recognized in rotp rails gem when scanning with Google Authenticator # webdev # ruby # rails Comments Add Comment 1 min read Cron can only run minium 1 minute interval? No, try this. Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Aug 9 '23 Cron can only run minium 1 minute interval? No, try this. # devops # webdev Comments Add Comment 1 min read Simple state management in RoR html.erb files Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Aug 9 '23 Simple state management in RoR html.erb files # rails # webdev # jquery # redux Comments Add Comment 1 min read Creating 5x20 grid using Flex(css) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Aug 1 '23 Creating 5x20 grid using Flex(css) # css # jquery Comments Add Comment 1 min read Update product price quick and fast in Wordpress(Python), alternative method for woocommerce rest api Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jul 26 '23 Update product price quick and fast in Wordpress(Python), alternative method for woocommerce rest api Comments Add Comment 1 min read Linux command to list all the executable Python versions Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jul 26 '23 Linux command to list all the executable Python versions 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 1 min read Hugging Face က Pre-Trained Model ကိုသုံးသည့် chatbot Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Apr 20 '23 Hugging Face က Pre-Trained Model ကိုသုံးသည့် chatbot Comments Add Comment 1 min read Call to undefined function GuzzleHttp\Psr7\uri_for() - GuzzleHttp Conflict in Wordpress Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Feb 8 '23 Call to undefined function GuzzleHttp\Psr7\uri_for() - GuzzleHttp Conflict in Wordpress # debugging # tooling # productivity # bash Comments Add Comment 1 min read Full Stack Development with Spring Boot (အခန်း ၆) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jan 8 '23 Full Stack Development with Spring Boot (အခန်း ၆) # discuss Comments Add Comment 1 min read Full Stack Development with Spring Boot (အခန်း ၅) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Dec 31 '22 Full Stack Development with Spring Boot (အခန်း ၅) # emptystring 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Full Stack Development with Spring Boot (အခန်း ၄) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Dec 26 '22 Full Stack Development with Spring Boot (အခန်း ၄) # ruby 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Full Stack Development with Spring Boot (အခန်း ၃) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Dec 24 '22 Full Stack Development with Spring Boot (အခန်း ၃) 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Full Stack Development with Spring Boot (အခန်း ၂) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Dec 24 '22 Full Stack Development with Spring Boot (အခန်း ၂) # productivity # automation 9 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read Full Stack Development with Spring Boot (အခန်း ၁) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Dec 23 '22 Full Stack Development with Spring Boot (အခန်း ၁) 12 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read Installing Hive in AWS EC2 Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Oct 5 '22 Installing Hive in AWS EC2 # hadoop # hive # datalake 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Installing sqoop on Hadoop AWS EC2 Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Oct 5 '22 Installing sqoop on Hadoop AWS EC2 # hadoop # sqoop # datalake 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Installing Hadoop single node cluster in AWS EC2 Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Oct 5 '22 Installing Hadoop single node cluster in AWS EC2 # hadoop # aws # datalake 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Are you installing Hadoop? Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Oct 3 '22 Are you installing Hadoop? Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to find the number of Books updated by the program in Rails Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Sep 22 '22 How to find the number of Books updated by the program in Rails # rails # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read MySQL 1062 - Duplicate entry 'xxx' for key 'PRIMARY' Cannot Create New Post in Wordpress Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Aug 10 '22 MySQL 1062 - Duplicate entry 'xxx' for key 'PRIMARY' Cannot Create New Post in Wordpress # wordpress 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Slow Ubuntu ? Check the Swap Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jul 26 '22 Slow Ubuntu ? Check the Swap # linux # ubuntu Comments Add Comment 1 min read warp vpn in Ubuntu 20.0 usage guide. Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jul 19 '22 warp vpn in Ubuntu 20.0 usage guide. 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read What if your private instances are not register automatically to your Load balancer target group ? Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jun 16 '22 What if your private instances are not register automatically to your Load balancer target group ? # aws 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read What if woocommerce rest api parameter "per_page is not working" ? Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jun 16 '22 What if woocommerce rest api parameter "per_page is not working" ? # wordpress 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to whitelist your EC2 instances reside in private network? Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jun 16 '22 How to whitelist your EC2 instances reside in private network? 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read AWS Code Pipeline and CodeDeploy, appspec.yml for wordpress (File already exists exception) Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Mar 11 '22 AWS Code Pipeline and CodeDeploy, appspec.yml for wordpress (File already exists exception) # wordpress # aws 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read AWS Cognito SRP Ruby Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Feb 25 '22 AWS Cognito SRP Ruby 8 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read How to update postgres (default user) password and rails+ruby compatibility table Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Feb 25 '22 How to update postgres (default user) password and rails+ruby compatibility table 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Actioncable's websocket on ssl Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Dec 17 '21 Actioncable's websocket on ssl 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to properly set Wayland in Firefox Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Nov 25 '21 How to properly set Wayland in Firefox 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Raspberry Pi Follow Hide All things related to the range of accessible and affordable single board Raspberry Pi computers, HATs, Raspberry Pi Pico, Raspberry Pi OS, and more. Share what you’re building! Create Post submission guidelines Please keep your posts to this topic specifically related to the Raspberry Pi family and projects. about #raspberrypi You can learn much more about Raspberry Pi around the web: ◦ Raspberry Pi Foundation , the educational charity ◦ Official Documentation ◦ Community Forums ◦ Raspberry Pi Trading , the technology company You can also read more about Raspberry Pi on Wikipedia , and explore code and other projects on GitHub . Raspberry Pi is a trademark of Raspberry Pi Trading. 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Right menu Grafana Speed Monitor: Setting Up an Internet Monitor with Raspberry Pi Benji377 Benji377 Benji377 Follow Mar 11 '25 Grafana Speed Monitor: Setting Up an Internet Monitor with Raspberry Pi # tutorial # raspberrypi 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Raspberry Pi 5 Ollama Llama3.x Performance Blacknight318 Blacknight318 Blacknight318 Follow Feb 3 '25 Raspberry Pi 5 Ollama Llama3.x Performance # ollama # llama3 # raspberrypi # selfhost Comments Add Comment 3 min read WizardMirror: A lightweight, native alternative to MagicMirror2 Hunter LaFaille Hunter LaFaille Hunter LaFaille Follow Jan 29 '25 WizardMirror: A lightweight, native alternative to MagicMirror2 # zig # sdl2 # raspberrypi # smartmirror Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🌍 Environmental Monitoring with IoT, Raspberry Pi, and Docker! 🌱 Shanthosh K Shanthosh K Shanthosh K Follow Jan 29 '25 🌍 Environmental Monitoring with IoT, Raspberry Pi, and Docker! 🌱 # iot # raspberrypi # docker Comments Add Comment 1 min read Guide: Monetize Your IoT Devices AYDO AYDO AYDO Follow Feb 20 '25 Guide: Monetize Your IoT Devices # web3 # blockchain # raspberrypi # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Sensors Dashboard (MQTT Raspberry PI+ESP32+FastHTML) Alan Alan Alan Follow Feb 7 '25 Sensors Dashboard (MQTT Raspberry PI+ESP32+FastHTML) # raspberrypi # micropython # mqtt # esp32 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Autonomous Car using Raspberry Pi! Kiamehr Kiamehr Kiamehr Follow Feb 6 '25 Autonomous Car using Raspberry Pi! # python # raspberrypi 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read Vecchio RaspberryPi, Nuova HomeLab! Massimo Biagioli Massimo Biagioli Massimo Biagioli Follow Dec 29 '24 Vecchio RaspberryPi, Nuova HomeLab! # devops # ansible # docker # raspberrypi Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building a Smart Heater Controller with Python, Docker, and Bluetooth #3 Miguel Correa Calvo Miguel Correa Calvo Miguel Correa Calvo Follow Dec 29 '24 Building a Smart Heater Controller with Python, Docker, and Bluetooth #3 # raspberrypi # bash Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building a Smart Heater Controller with Python, Docker, and Bluetooth #2 Miguel Correa Calvo Miguel Correa Calvo Miguel Correa Calvo Follow Dec 28 '24 Building a Smart Heater Controller with Python, Docker, and Bluetooth #2 # raspberrypi # docker # python Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building a Smart Heater Controller with Python, Docker, and Bluetooth #1 Miguel Correa Calvo Miguel Correa Calvo Miguel Correa Calvo Follow Dec 28 '24 Building a Smart Heater Controller with Python, Docker, and Bluetooth #1 # raspberrypi # python Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to SSH into a Raspberry Pi? Hedy Hedy Hedy Follow Dec 23 '24 How to SSH into a Raspberry Pi? # raspberrypi Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Set Up a Node.js Web Server on Raspberry Pi Jaime Jaime Jaime Follow Jan 20 '25 How to Set Up a Node.js Web Server on Raspberry Pi # javascript # node # iot # raspberrypi 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Nextcloud on Raspberry Pi - Fedora + Podman Quadlets Patrice Ferlet Patrice Ferlet Patrice Ferlet Follow Jan 15 '25 Nextcloud on Raspberry Pi - Fedora + Podman Quadlets # containers # podman # linux # raspberrypi 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Open source mealie type docker container for recipes M.X M.X M.X Follow Dec 10 '24 Open source mealie type docker container for recipes # programming # python # docker # raspberrypi Comments Add Comment 1 min read Deploy a Node.js Application Using MySQL and Prisma on a Raspberry Pi Shashank Shashank Shashank Follow Jan 5 '25 Deploy a Node.js Application Using MySQL and Prisma on a Raspberry Pi # node # mysql # raspberrypi # ngrok 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 8 min read Getting started with Nix and Nix Flakes arnu515 arnu515 arnu515 Follow Jan 3 '25 Getting started with Nix and Nix Flakes # nix # linux # raspberrypi # tutorial 14 reactions Comments 2 comments 12 min read How to edit boot config Raspberry Pi 5 USB? Hedy Hedy Hedy Follow Dec 31 '24 How to edit boot config Raspberry Pi 5 USB? # raspberrypi 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Weather Dashboard with 5-Day Forecast and Wi-Fi Menu Jack Lin Jack Lin Jack Lin Follow Dec 30 '24 Weather Dashboard with 5-Day Forecast and Wi-Fi Menu # raspberrypi # python 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Install Docker on Raspberry Pi 0xkoji 0xkoji 0xkoji Follow Dec 27 '24 How to Install Docker on Raspberry Pi # raspberrypi # docker 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read The Intelligent Disaster Management System with Alternative Energy and AI-Powered TonightIwanttosleep TonightIwanttosleep TonightIwanttosleep Follow Dec 18 '24 The Intelligent Disaster Management System with Alternative Energy and AI-Powered # raspberrypi # ai # projectbenatar # flutter Comments Add Comment 2 min read How I Leverage Raspberry Pi as a DevOps Engineer Yusuf Adeyemo Yusuf Adeyemo Yusuf Adeyemo Follow Dec 16 '24 How I Leverage Raspberry Pi as a DevOps Engineer # raspberrypi # devops # ai # github 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read How to self-host MongoDB on a Raspberry Pi 4 The Smartbug The Smartbug The Smartbug Follow Nov 6 '24 How to self-host MongoDB on a Raspberry Pi 4 # mongodb # database # raspberrypi # docker Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Turn a USB-Only Printer into a Wireless Printer Using CUPS and a Raspberry Pi Vuyisile Ndlovu Vuyisile Ndlovu Vuyisile Ndlovu Follow Dec 11 '24 How to Turn a USB-Only Printer into a Wireless Printer Using CUPS and a Raspberry Pi # linux # cups # homelab # raspberrypi Comments Add Comment 4 min read Raspberry Pi project: Install project management software Jen Wike Huger Jen Wike Huger Jen Wike Huger Follow for OpenProject Nov 26 '24 Raspberry Pi project: Install project management software # opensource # raspberrypi # tutorial 4 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Reporting Vulnerabilities to dev.to Important Update: Changes to Our Bug Bounty Program We regret to announce we will be suspending our bug bounty reward program effective immediately. Due to time constraints in managing this program ourselves, we are not in a position to keep the program in-house. We are exploring other options, but do not have a timeline for a re-launch. While we are no longer able to offer monetary rewards at this time, we still highly value the security community's input and encourage you to continue reporting any vulnerabilities you may discover. Please send your findings to security@dev.to , and we will diligently investigate all reports. We remain committed to acknowledging significant contributions through our security hall of fame. We hope to launch a new reward program in the future. Your understanding and continued support in maintaining the security of our systems are deeply appreciated. Security Guidelines and Etiquette Please read and follow these guidelines prior to sending in any reports. 1. Do not test vulnerabilities in public. We ask that you do not attempt any vulnerabilities, rate-limiting tests, exploits, or any other security/bug-related findings if it will impact another community member. This means you should not leave comments on someone else’s post, send them messages via Connect, or otherwise, impact their experience on the platform. Note that we are open source and have documentation available if you're interested in setting up a dev environment for the purposes of testing. 2. Do not report similar issues or variations of the same issue in different reports. Please report any similar issues in a single report. It's better for both parties to have this information in one place where we can evaluate it all together. Please note any and all areas where your vulnerability might be relevant. You will not be penalized or receive a lower reward for streamlining your report in one place vs. spreading it across different areas. 3. The following domains are not eligible for our bounty program as they are hosted by or built on external services: jobs.dev.to (Recruitee) status.dev.to (Atlassian) shop.dev.to (Shopify) docs.dev.to (Netlify) storybook.dev.to (Netlify) We've listed the service provider of each of these domains so that you might contact them if you wish to report the vulnerability you found. 4. DoS (Denial of Service) vulnerabilities should not be tested for more than a span of 5 minutes. Be courteous and reasonable when testing any endpoints on dev.to as this may interfere with our monitoring. 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https://x.com/privacy#chapter9 | X Privacy Policy Skip to main content Privacy Policy <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Privacy Policy" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="1BJ8" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link=" https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/privacy-policy-2025-07-28/en/x-privacy-policy-2025-07-28.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> X Privacy Policy We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. This version of the Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Privacy Policy continues to apply. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a Professional Account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job applications / recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about you and/or your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad partners, developers, and publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other third parties, account connections, and integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personalize our products and services so that you have a better experience on X, including by showing you more relevant content and ads, suggesting people and topics to follow, enabling and helping you discover affiliates , third-party apps, and services. We may use the information we collect and publicly available information to help train our machine learning or artificial intelligence models for the purposes outlined in this policy. We may use the information we collect from accounts of other services that you choose to connect to your X account to provide you features like cross-posting or cross-service authentication, and to operate our services. We use your contact information to help others find your account if your settings permit, including through third-party services and client applications. We use your information to provide our advertising and sponsored content services subject to your settings , which helps make ads on X more relevant to you. We also use this information to measure the effectiveness of ads and to help recognize your devices to serve you ads on and off of X. Some of our ad partners also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you, as described elsewhere in our Privacy Policy. 2.2 Foster safety and security. We use information we collect to provide for the safety and security of our users, our products, services, and your account. This includes verifying your identity, authenticating your account, estimating or verifying your age as may be required under law, and defending against fraud, unauthorized use, and illegal activity. We also use the information to evaluate and affect the safety and quality of content on X - this includes investigating and enforcing our policies and terms, as well as applicable law. 2.3 Measure, analyze and make our services better. We use the information we collect to measure and analyze the effectiveness of our products and services and to better understand how you use them in order to make them better. 2.4 Communicate with you about our services. We use the information we collect to communicate with you about our products and services, including about product updates and changes to our policies and terms. If you’re open to hearing from us, we may also send you marketing messages from time to time. 2.5 Research. We use information you share with us, or that we collect to conduct research, surveys, product testing, and troubleshooting to help us operate and improve our products and services. 3. Sharing Information You should know the ways we share your information, why we share it, and how you can control it. There are five general ways we share your information. 3.1 When you post and share. With the general public . You are directing us to disclose that information as broadly as possible. X content, including your profile information (e.g., name/pseudonym, username, profile pictures), is available for viewing by the general public. The public does not need to be signed in to view some content on X. They may also find X content off of X: for example, from search query results on Internet search engines or videos downloaded and reshared elsewhere (depending on your settings ). With other X users. Depending on your settings , and based on the X products and services you use, we share: Your interactions with X content of other users, such as replies, and people you follow. Content you send to a specific X user, such as through Direct Messages . Please keep in mind that if you’ve shared information like Direct Messages or protected posts with someone else who accesses X through a third-party service, the information may be shared with the third-party service. With partners. Depending on your settings , we also provide certain third parties with information to help us offer or operate our products and services. You can learn more about these partnerships in our Help Center . You can control whether X shares your personal information with these partners by using the “Data sharing with business partners” option in your Privacy and Safety settings . (This setting does not control sharing described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy, such as when we share information with our service providers, or through partnerships other than as described in this Help Center article.) 3.2 With third parties and third-party integrations. With service providers. We may share your information with our service providers that perform functions and provide services on our behalf, including payment services providers who facilitate payments; service providers that host our various blogs and wikis; service providers that help us understand the use of our services; applicant tracking system providers to send and receive applicant and job data to potential employers; service providers supporting age assurance solutions; and those that provide fraud detection services. With advertisers. Advertising revenue enables us to provide our products and services. Advertisers may learn information from your engagement with their ads on or off X. For example, if you click on an external link or ad on our services, that advertiser or website operator might figure out that you came from X, along with other information associated with the ad you clicked, such as characteristics of the audience it was intended to reach and other X-generated identifiers for that ad. They may also collect other personal information from you, such as cookie identifiers, or your IP address. Third-party content and integrations. We share or disclose your information with your consent or at your direction, such as when you authorize a third-party web client or application to access your account or when you direct us to share your feedback with a business. Similarly, to improve your experience, we work with third-party partners to display their video content on X or to allow cross-platform sharing. When you watch or otherwise interact with content from our video or cross-platform sharing partners, they may receive and process your personal information as described in their privacy policies. For video content, you can adjust your autoplay settings if you prefer that content not to play automatically. Third-party collaborators. Depending on your settings , or if you decide to share your data, we may share or disclose your information with third parties. If you do not opt out, in some instances the recipients of the information may use it for their own independent purposes in addition to those stated in X’s Privacy Policy, including, for example, to train their artificial intelligence models, whether generative or otherwise. Through our APIs. We use technology like APIs and embeds to make public X information available to websites, apps, and others for their use, for example, displaying posts on a news website or analyzing what people say on X. We generally make this content available in limited quantities for free and charge licensing fees for large-scale access. We have standard terms that govern how this information can be used, and a compliance program to enforce these terms. But these individuals and companies are not affiliated with X, and their offerings may not reflect updates you make on X. For more information about how we make public data on X available to the world, visit https://developer.x.com . 3.3 When required by law, to prevent harm, or in the public interest. We may preserve, use, share, or disclose your information if we believe that it is reasonably necessary to: comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request ; protect the safety of any person, protect the safety or integrity of our platform, including to help prevent spam, abuse, or malicious actors on our services; explain why we have removed content or accounts from our services (e.g., for a violation of our Rules ); address fraud, security, or technical issues; or protect our rights or property, or the rights or property of those who use our services. We may also use different signals and your data to infer, preserve, use, share, or disclose your age and identity information in order to comply with regulatory requirements as well as for safety, security, fraud, know-your-customer, know-your-business, and identity verification, as the case may be. We may also share or disclose your age and identity information with our partners, service providers, and others for these purposes. 3.4 With our affiliates. We may share information amongst our affiliates to provide our products and services. 3.5 As a result of a change in ownership. We may share, sell, or transfer information about you in connection with a merger, acquisition, reorganization, sale of assets, or bankruptcy. This Privacy Policy will apply to your personal information that is shared with (before and after the close of any transaction) or transferred to the new entity. 4. How Long We Keep Information We keep different types of information for different periods of time, depending on how long we need to retain it in order to provide you with our products and services, to comply with our legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: We keep your profile information, such as your display name, user name, password and email address for the duration of your account. We cannot provide you with our products and services without retaining this information. We keep your usage information, such as the content you post, your interactions with other users’ content and how you interact with others on the platform for the duration of your account or until such content is removed. We keep your payment information, including your credit or debit card number and billing address for the duration you use our paid products and services. Records of transactions will be kept for longer, in accordance with applicable law. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will keep information about the communication and its content for up to 18 months, unless it is necessary for us to retain it for a longer period to comply with our legal obligations or to exercise or defend our legal rights. We generally collect device information, location information, inferred identity information and log information using cookies. We keep cookies and information collected using cookies for up to 13 months. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . We keep information about your views or interactions with ads on or off X, as well as how you interact with our content on third-party sites for up to 12 months. We keep information shared by ad and business partners for up to 12 months. Where you violate our Rules and your account is suspended, we may keep the identifiers you used to create the account (such as your email address or phone number) indefinitely to prevent repeat policy offenders from creating new accounts. We may need to keep certain information longer than our policies specify in order to comply with legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: To comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request. Including in order to adhere to a legally appropriate preservation request made by law enforcement. You can read more about law enforcement access here . In connection with legal claims, litigation, and regulatory matters. Including where it is reasonably necessary to retain information relating to your account in order to defend X against legal claims. To maintain the safety and security of our products and services. Including where it is necessary to store your information longer in order to investigate and fight abuse on our products and services. Remember public content can exist elsewhere even after it is removed from X. For example, search engines and other third parties may retain copies of your posts longer, based upon their own privacy policies, even after they are deleted or expire on X. You can read more about search visibility here . 5. Take Control 5.1 Access, correction, and portability. You can access, correct, or modify the information you provided to us by editing your profile and adjusting your account settings . You can learn more about the information we have collected or inferred about you in Your X Data and request access to additional information here . You can download a copy of your information, such as your posts, by following the instructions here . To protect your privacy and maintain security, we take steps to verify your identity before granting you access to your personal information or complying with a deletion, portability, or other related request. We may, in certain situations, reject your request for access, correction, or portability, for example, we may reject access where you are unable to verify your identity. 5.2 Deleting your information. If you follow the instructions here , your account will be deactivated and your data will be queued for deletion. When deactivated, your X account, including your display name, username, and public profile, will no longer be viewable on X.com, X for iOS, and X for Android. For up to 30 days after deactivation it is still possible to restore your X account if it was accidentally or wrongfully deactivated. 5.3 Objecting to, restricting, or withdrawing your consent. You can manage your privacy settings and other account features here . If you change your settings it may take some time for your choices to be fully reflected throughout our systems. You may also notice changes in your X experience or limitations in your ability to access certain features depending on the settings you’ve adjusted. You may also manage additional settings when interacting with certain content and features on different parts of the platform, such as whether a Space is recorded, or whether videos you upload are downloadable by others. 5.4 Authorized agent requests. To submit a request related to access, modification, or deletion of your information, or someone else’s information if you are their authorized agent, you may also contact us as specified in the How To Contact X section of our Privacy Policy below. We may require you to provide additional information for verification. 6. Your Rights And Ours We provide X to people all over the world and provide many of the same privacy tools and controls to all of our users regardless of where they live. However, your experience may be slightly different than users in other countries to ensure X respects local requirements. 6.1 We have specific legal bases to use your information. X has carefully considered the legal reasons it is permitted to collect, use, share and otherwise process your information. If you want to dig in to learn more and better understand the nuances, we’d encourage you to check out this additional information about data processing . And no, we don’t sell your personal information. 6.2 We move your data to make X work for you. Just as you use X to seamlessly participate in global conversations with people in countries all over the world, X must move information across borders and to different countries around the world to support the safe and reliable service you depend on. For example, if you live in Europe and are having a conversation with someone in the United States, information has to move between those countries to provide that experience – it’s what you expect from us. We also use data centers and cloud providers, and engage our affiliates and third-party partners and service providers located in many parts of the world to help us provide our services. Before we move data between countries we look at the risks that may be presented to the data and rely on standard contractual clauses (SCCs), where applicable, to ensure your data rights are protected. To request a copy of the SCCs, please contact us here . If data will be shared with a third party, we require them to maintain the same protections over your data that we provide directly. X is a participant in the EU-US Data Privacy Framework (DPF), the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF. X complies with the DPF Principles for all its processing of personal data received from the European Union, Switzerland and the UK, in reliance on the EU-US DPF, Swiss-US DPF and UK Extension to the EU-US DPF, respectively. If you have an inquiry or complaint related to our participation in the DPF, please contact us here . As part of our participation in the DPF, if you have a dispute with us about our adherence to the DPF Principles, we will seek to resolve it through our internal complaint resolution process, alternatively through the US-based independent dispute resolution body JAMS , and under certain conditions, through the DPF Arbitration Process following the procedures and subject to the conditions described in Annex 1 to the DPF Principles. DPF participants are subject to the investigatory and enforcement powers of the US Federal Trade Commission and other authorized statutory bodies. Under certain circumstances, participants may be liable for the transfer of personal data from the EU, Switzerland and the UK to third parties outside the EU, Switzerland and the UK. Learn more about the EU-US DPF, the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF here . 7. X's Audience Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy The most current version of this Privacy Policy governs our processing of your personal data and we may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time as needed. If we do revise this Privacy Policy and make changes that are determined by us to be material, we will provide you notice and an opportunity to review the revised Privacy Policy before you continue to use X. 9. General The X Privacy Policy is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X Privacy Policy shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X Privacy Policy. 10. How To Contact X We want to hear from you if you have thoughts or questions about this Privacy Policy. You can contact us via our Privacy Policy Inquiries page or by writing to us at the appropriate address below. Information about our handling of California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) requests is available here . Information about our handling of “Consumer Health Data” and associated requests as defined under Washington State’s My Health My Data Act and other similar state laws is available here . For Oregon residents, more information about our handling of personal information described in this Privacy Policy and associated requests and appeals under Oregon’s Consumer Privacy Act (OCPA) is available here . If you live in the United States or any other country outside of the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Corp., with an address of: X Corp. Attn: Privacy Policy Inquiry 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Internet Unlimited Company, with an address of: X Internet Unlimited Company Attn: Data Protection Officer One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 IRELAND If you live in Switzerland, you can also contact our appointed representative at the following address: X Switzerland GmbH Attn: Data Protection Officer c/o Wasag Treuhand AG Normannenstrasse 8 Postfach 783 3018 Bern, SWITZERLAND If you wish to raise a concern about our data processing practices , you have the right to do so with your local supervisory authority or X Internet Unlimited Company’s lead supervisory authority, the Irish Data Protection Commission, using the contact details listed on their website. Effective: January 15, 2026 View previous policies Take control of your privacy Adjust your settings X Privacy Policy Effective until January 15, 2026 We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. The updated Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. The current Privacy Policy is located below. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal Accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a professional account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment Information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric Information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job Applications / Recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage Information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device Information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location Information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred Identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log Information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad Partners, Developers, Publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other Third Parties, Account Connections, and Integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personaliz | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Raspberry Pi Follow Hide All things related to the range of accessible and affordable single board Raspberry Pi computers, HATs, Raspberry Pi Pico, Raspberry Pi OS, and more. Share what you’re building! Create Post submission guidelines Please keep your posts to this topic specifically related to the Raspberry Pi family and projects. about #raspberrypi You can learn much more about Raspberry Pi around the web: ◦ Raspberry Pi Foundation , the educational charity ◦ Official Documentation ◦ Community Forums ◦ Raspberry Pi Trading , the technology company You can also read more about Raspberry Pi on Wikipedia , and explore code and other projects on GitHub . Raspberry Pi is a trademark of Raspberry Pi Trading. Older #raspberrypi posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Raspberry Pi WiFi Router with RaspAP: Step-by-Step Setup Guide David Thomas David Thomas David Thomas Follow Jan 9 Raspberry Pi WiFi Router with RaspAP: Step-by-Step Setup Guide # raspberrypi # tutorial # wifi Comments Add Comment 2 min read Home Assistant langsam? So rettest du deine SD-Karte & machst das Dashboard wieder schnell Tim Alex Tim Alex Tim Alex Follow Jan 5 Home Assistant langsam? So rettest du deine SD-Karte & machst das Dashboard wieder schnell # homeassistant # database # performance # raspberrypi Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to use DHT22 on Raspberry Pi? Hedy Hedy Hedy Follow Jan 5 How to use DHT22 on Raspberry Pi? # raspberrypi # dht22 # resistor # sensor Comments Add Comment 2 min read Headless Raspberry Pi Homelab – Part 3: SSH & MariaDB (MySQL Compatible) Installation astromodem astromodem astromodem Follow Jan 1 Headless Raspberry Pi Homelab – Part 3: SSH & MariaDB (MySQL Compatible) Installation # raspberrypi # linux # mysql # database Comments Add Comment 2 min read Headless Raspberry Pi Homelab – Part 2: Network Setup & Device Verification w/ Xfinity & Netgear astromodem astromodem astromodem Follow Dec 28 '25 Headless Raspberry Pi Homelab – Part 2: Network Setup & Device Verification w/ Xfinity & Netgear # raspberrypi # networking # linux # homelab Comments Add Comment 4 min read Tiny AI Models for Raspberry Pi to Run AI Locally in 2026 George Mbaka George Mbaka George Mbaka Follow Jan 2 Tiny AI Models for Raspberry Pi to Run AI Locally in 2026 # whatilearnedtoday # raspberrypi # ai # localhosting Comments Add Comment 6 min read Interfacing an SD Card with Raspberry Pi Pico David Thomas David Thomas David Thomas Follow Dec 24 '25 Interfacing an SD Card with Raspberry Pi Pico # interfacing # raspberrypi # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read Generate cloud-init files for Raspberry Pi OS without re-downloading images Ashen Chathuranga Ashen Chathuranga Ashen Chathuranga Follow Dec 24 '25 Generate cloud-init files for Raspberry Pi OS without re-downloading images # raspberrypi # cloudinit # fix # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read RaspberryPi 3 Homelab & Vibe "IaC" Massimo Biagioli Massimo Biagioli Massimo Biagioli Follow Dec 24 '25 RaspberryPi 3 Homelab & Vibe "IaC" # raspberrypi # vibecoding # ansible Comments Add Comment 2 min read Hey There! 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Paula Gearon Posted on Nov 14, 2022 Stay Classy in OWL # rdf # owl # sparql # rules In an effort to publish this quickly, I am posting without proofreading. Errata is welcome. In the last post I discussed using rules to generate RDF statements that are entailed by RDFS . This is useful stuff, but is very limited due to the lack of expressivity of RDFS. This is to be expected, since RDFS was a limited vocabulary that was released well before the full Web Ontology Language ( OWL ) was released. But if we adopt OWL, then what entailments will be valid and useful? Description Logics As shown in my first post in this series , OWL provides a vocabulary for a Description Logic. In particular, OWL2 conforms closely to a family of logics known as 𝒮ℛ𝒪ℐ𝒬. This name indicates some of the elements of the vocabulary: 𝒮: An Abbreviation for 𝒜ℒ𝒞 𝒜ℒ𝒞: Contains concepts including: Classes C , and roles r ⊤ (top, or everything ) ⊥ (bottom, or nothing ) ⊓ (conjunctions, or intersections) ⊔ (disjunctions, or unions) ¬ (negation, or inverse) ∃r.C (existential role restrictions) ∀r.C (universal role restrictions) ℋ: Class hierarchies (classes, with subclasses) ℛ: Complex role inclusion. This is both a role hierarchy (indicated by ℋ) and role composition. ℐ: Inverse roles. 𝒪: Nominals. 𝒩: Cardinality restrictions on roles. 𝒬: Qualified cardinality. This includes cardinality restrictions (indicated by 𝒩), and can also qualify them to classes. To explain each of the above: Classes are a way to classify things. Entities can be classified multiple ways, in which case we say the entity has a type of the class, or that the entity is an instance of the class. e.g. Person can be a class and the entity we name "Alice" may be an instance of Person . Roles describe relationships between entities. e.g. an entity named "Alice" may have a hasChild relationship to an entity named "Susan". Top is a universal class that every entity is an instance of. Bottom is an empty class that no entity is an instance of. Conjunctions are the combination of multiple classes where every class must apply. e.g. A wooden chair is an instance of the conjunction formed from the classes Wooden and Furniture . Disjunctions are the combination of multiple classes where one or more classes must apply. e.g. OfficeEquipment could be a disjunction of OfficeFurniture , ComputerEquipment , Stationery , and KitchenSupplies . Negation is used to create a class of everything that is not the negated class. e.g. The negation of the class of Visible things is everything that cannot be seen. That includes both physical objects, like air, but also arbitrary concepts like "imagination" or "price". It is the entire universe of things that are not in the Visible class. Existential role restrictions means that a given relationship must exist in order to be a member of a class. e.g. To be a Parent an entity must have a hasChild relationship to another entity. Universal role restrictions means that all use of a role has to be with a specific class. e.g. hasChild can be defined to always refer to instances of the class Child . Role hierarchy indicates more general or specific relationships between roles. This creates sub-property and super-property relationships and is roughly analogous to sub-classes and super-classes. e.g. hasDaughter is a more specific role than hasChild , while hasDescendent is a more general role. So hasDaughter is a sub-property for hasChild , and hasChild is a sub-property for hasDescendent . Inverse roles refers to the relationship that goes in the opposite direction between entities. e.g. hasParent is the inverse role to hasChild . Nominals describes a class of items that is defined by its membership in the class. e.g. PresidentOfTheUnitedStates can be defined as a class of the 46 people who have had that position (as of this writing). Number restrictions (or cardinality restrictions ) refers to a minimum or maximum number of relationships. e.g. To be a member of FullTimeStudent a university might require that a student have a minimum of 4 enrolledIn relationships. Qualified cardinality is a more specific type of nominal, where the class of the relationship must apply. e.g. For a student to be a MathMajor they might require a minimum of 10 passed relationships to instances of MathSubject . OWL These constructs are all supported by OWL , and each of those constructs has a mapping to RDF . This means that for each Description Logic expression there is a way to express that expression precisely in RDF. It is data like this that was read and processed by Pellet in the Oedipus example in my initial post . The problem with systems like Pellet is that they rely on memory to explore all possibilities for the data. Consequently, they can struggle with large bodies of data, and are unable to handle large ontologies such as SNOMED CT . We have a much better chance of scaling OWL processing if we can use operations that databases are designed to provide. The principal database operation is the Query , and so the various approaches to scaling try to build on this operation. Query Rewriting One approach to identifying entailments in OWL is by using it to rewrite queries. The first to consider is a general approach to rewriting queries, where the query can be expanded to ask for parts of the ontology. For instance, consider asking for the classes a resource is an instance of: select ?class where { my : resource a ?class } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can be rewritten to consider superclasses as well: select ?class where { my : resource a / rdfs : subClassOf * ?class } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Where the * modifier describes the transitive closure of the rdfs:subClassOf relationship, starting with the 0 step, meaning that it includes the step where the class is the immediate type of the resource. A more specific case is using the ontology to rewrite the query. For instance, if the property my:prop is transitive, then querying for it can always be expanded to use the + modifier. So the query: select ?related where { my : resource my : prop ?related } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Would be modified to: select ?related where { my : resource my : prop + ?related } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode These are some trivial examples, but some great work was done on this by Héctor Pérez-Urbina in his PhD dissertation . Rules Another approach to scalable entailment is using rules. The mechanism for this is using certain existing data structures to generate new data structures that get inserted alongside the original data. I described this in the last post , where I used construct queries to obtain the data generated by each rule. The other option is to send this generated statements back into the graph by changing construct to insert . For instance, the transitive closure of the property my:prop above could be created with an update operation: insert { ?a my : prop ?c } where { ?a my : prop ?b . ?b my : prop ?c } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Note that this is a single update, and not actually a full "rule". Running this will only extend all of the my:prop relations by 1 step, doubling the length to 2. But running this iteratively will extend the maximum length of the closure by doubling, so it will rapidly cover the entire closure. What we can learn from this is that rule systems can be built from query/update operations like this, but they need a mechanism for scheduling the rules to be run over and over when needed, and to stop when nothing new is being generated. The basic algorithm for doing this is called RETE , and I discussed this and an implementation at Clojure/conj 2016 . Because rules are built on a querying mechanism that is foundational to the database, they are often very fast. They also rely on the main database storage, so they can scale with the database. They allow computational complexity to be pre-calculated, with the results stored. This allows subsequent operations to rely on space complexity instead. These are very important characteristics for working with large quantities of data, and for this reason I will be focusing on this approach to entailment. Rule Justification Many OWL operations describe entailments that can be expressed as a rule. For instance, the OWL 2 Structural Specification and Functional-Style Syntax document describes many constructs with examples of what they entail. There are many examples of this, but a simple one is the Symmetric Object Property which describes that a:friend is symmetric. Consequently, if "Brian is a friend of Peter" then this entails "Peter is a friend of Brian". The general rule for symmetry can then be given as: insert { ?b ?prop ?a } where { ?a ?prop ?b . ?prop a owl : SymmetricProperty } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can seem to be a straightforward operation, but interesting insights come about when we consider exactly why these new statements are allowed to be asserted. Validity and Consistency Logic systems can be described using a pair of properties: validity and consistency. A system is valid if every interpretation of the systems leads to conclusions that are true. A system is invalid if there exists an interpretation where the conclusions are not true. A system is consistent if there exists an interpretation where the conclusions are true. A system is inconsistent if there are no interpretations where the conclusions are true. The interpretation of a system is a selection of values that conform to the system. To explain some of this, let's use the mathematical domain. In this case, the interpretation will usually be a selection of numbers to associate with values. Valid Since every possible interpretation of a valid system is true, these are also referred to as a tautology . At first glance, this does not seem that useful, however it is a very important concept. An example of a valid math expression is: | x | ≥ x The various interpretations of this system are the values that x can take in the domain of real numbers ℝ. In this case, it doesn't matter what value x takes, since the equation will always be true. This is still logic, so we can introduce an or operation, with another valid equation: x > 1 ∨ x < 2 Again, this is a tautology, as it will be true for every interpretation of x in the domain. Invalid This applies to any system which is not valid. That simply means that there exists an interpretation where truth does not hold. For instance: x > 2 This is true when x is 3 or 4, but it is not true when x is 1 or 2. Lots of systems are Invalid, since tautologies (i.e. valid systems) don't have a lot to say. Consistent A system is consistent when there exists an interpretation that leads to truth. The example invalid statement also happens to be consistent: x > 2 As already mentioned, when x is 3 then the statement is true, so this system is consistent. Inconsistent This indicates that a system is not consistent, meaning that there are no possible interpretations which can be true. For instance: x < 3 ∧ x > 4 There are no numbers that meet both of these conditions, and therefore there are no interpretations where this is true. Relations to Each Other When considered in relation to one another we see the following states for systems: Always true: Valid and Consistent Sometimes true, Sometimes false: Invalid and Consistent Always false: Invalid and Inconsistent Entailment Entailment is the operation of finding new statements that are true in every possible interpretation of a system, given its semantics. This is possible when using the Open World Assumption (OWA), since new statements can always be added, which is a concept that is sometimes expressed as, "Anyone can say Anything about Anything" (this phrase appears in an early draft of the RDF Concepts and Abstract Data Model , and also in the book " Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist ", by Allemang, Hendler, and now in the second edition, Gandon. I will refer to this book as SWWO). This cuts both ways though: not only does it mean that new statement may be created, but it also limits which statements may be created. The OWA says that there are possibly a lot of other statements that the system does not describe which could lead to a statement not being possible in every possible interpretation. When it comes to identifying new statements that can be entailed, it is a useful exercise to consider all the possible constructs that could lead to the statement leading to a falsehood, even if it requires a convoluted set of statements to get there. Tableaux One approach in using validity and consistency is to determine if a given system entails a statement using the Tableaux Algorithm. In this case, for a given system 𝑮 an entailment 𝑨 is described as: 𝑮 ⊨ 𝑨 This entailment can only be true if: 𝑮 ⋃ {¬𝑨} is inconsistent This is a useful test, because the algorithm need only discover a single false case to prove inconsistency. Pellet is an implementation of this algorithm, and while it does not scale to very large ontologies, it is nevertheless very powerful. Rules Another approach to entailment is to use rules. As mentioned above, this can be done when we know that a statement is legal in every possible interpretation of the system. There is a defined subset of possible reasoning in OWL2 which can lead to entailments via rules. This subset is called the OWL 2 RL Profile , and the rules can be found in tables 4 through to table 9 in the rules section of the OWL 2 Profiles document. It is some of these rules that I want to explore here and in other posts. Intersections A practical application of all of this can be seen in Intersections. As described in SWWO , an intersection of classes :A and :B can be described using a subclass relationship: This is described in Turtle as: : IntersectionAB rdfs: subClassOf : A, : B . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Let's consider what can be inferred from this. If we have an instance of :IntersectionAB called :x , then this is represented as: : x a : IntersectionAB . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The rule rdfs9 is: insert { ?zzz a ?yyy } where { ?xxx rdfs : subClassOf ?yyy . ?zzz a ?xxx } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Applying this will result in :x being an instance of both :A and :B : : x a : IntersectionAB . : x a : A . : x a : B . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode These inferences are valid, because the definition of the rdfs:subClassOf relationship states and instances of a subclass will also be instances of the superclass. There are no interpretations where this does not hold. Class Membership Another possibility is when :y is a member of both :A and :B . : y a : A . : y a : B . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode It would seem reasonable to infer that :y is therefore an instance of :IntersectionAB . However, inferences are only valid if they apply in every possible system, and the Open World Assumption (OWA) must allow for any new consistent statement. There are statements that can be introduced that are both consistent with the existing statements, and inconsistent with inferring :y as a member of :IntersectionAB . To see an example of this, we can introduce a two new classes, called :C and :D , are the complements of each other. This means that anything that is a member of :C is not a member of :D , and vice versa. We can also make :IntersectionAB a subclass of :C : : IntersectionAB rdfs: subClassOf : A, : B, : C . : C owl: complementOf : D . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If :y becomes an instance of :D then if cannot be a part of the intersection, since it cannot be an instance of :C . : IntersectionAB rdfs: subClassOf : A, : B, : C . : C owl: complementOf : D . : y a : A, : B, : D . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Regardless of how contrived the example may be, the fact that any such example exists indicates that the inference may not be made. OWL Intersections The problem with inferring membership in an intersection above is that the intersection is open , meaning that new classes can be added to the intersection, and those classes can preclude an instance of the other classes from becoming a member. OWL addresses this by defining an closed intersection using an RDF Collection . This uses a linked list structure that does not allow for extra members. Redefining :IntersectionAB we can express this in TTL as: : IntersectionAB owl: intersectionOf ( : A : B ) . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This looks short and simple, but expands into a longer set of triples: : IntersectionAB owl: intersectionOf _: b1 . _: b1 rdf: first : A . _: b1 rdf: rest _: b2 . _: b2 rdf: first : B . _: b2 rdf: rest rdf: nil . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode RDF defines collections to have a specific structure with each node in the list having a single rdf:first and rdf:rest connection, terminating in the rdf:nil node. This means that it is not a valid construct to include any more elements in the collection. As a consequence, if there is an element :y which is an instance of both :A and :B , then it is not possible to add in triples that make :y a member of something that is excluded from the intersection. Therefore, it is valid to infer that :y is in the intersection: : y a : IntersectionAB . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This is described in the OWL semantics, and demonstrated in the OWL 2 RL profile in the rule cls-int1 found in table 6. This rule states: IF T(?c, owl:intersectionOf, ?x) LIST[?x, ?c1, ..., ?cn] T(?y, rdf:type, ?c1) T(?y, rdf:type, ?c2) ... T(?y, rdf:type, ?cn) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode THEN T(?y, rdf:type, ?c) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In English it says: If ?c is an intersection described by ?x and ?x is a list containing ?c1 through to ?cn and ?y is an instance of every element in that list Then ?y is an instance of the intersection ?c In Practice Unfortunately, this is tricky to describe in SPARQL. It is easy to check if a value is an instance of one or more members of a list, but how can you check if it is a member of every member of the list? Let's start with some example data, and try to perform the entailment on it. First of all, we can define the intersection of 3 classes: :A , :B and :C . Then we'll describe 3 objects: :m , :n , and :o . The :m object will be an instance of all 3 classes The :n object will be an instance of 2 of the 3 classes The :o object will not be an instance of any of the classes We should be able to find that :m is a member of the intersection, while :n and :o are not. : IntABC owl: intersectionOf ( : A : B : C ). : m a : A, : B, : C . : n a : A, : C . : o a : D . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Let's start with finding a value ?y which is a member of the intersection class ?c : select distinct ?y where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?cn . ?y a ?cn } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This returns :m and :n , since they are both instances of classes in the intersection. Now we need to remove values of ?x which don't match every class in the intersection. To do that, start with finding those that don't match everything in the intersection. This can be found by considering each element in the collection (call it ?d ) and pairing it with every other element in the collection (call these ?d2 ). We can then look for the instances of ?d : select distinct ?y ?d ?2 where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d2 . FILTER ( ?d ! = ?d2 ) ?y a ?d } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This returns every class paired with every other class, but only for instances of the first class: ?y ?d ?d2 :m :C :A :m :C :B :m :A :C :m :A :B :m :B :A :m :B :C :n :C :A :n :C :B :n :A :C :n :A :B Note how :n does not include a ?d equal to :B , but it does have ?d2 set to each value. If we remove cases where ?y is set to the second value, then everything will be removed for ?y = :m , since: when ?y is :m , and :m is an instance of :A , then ?y is also an instance of :B and :C when ?y is :m , and :m is an instance of :B , then ?y is also an instance of :A and :C . when ?y is :m , and :m is an instance of :C , then ?y is also an instance of :A and :B However, when ?y is :n not everything is cancelled: when ?y is :n , and :n is an instance of :A , then ?y is and instance of :C , and that gets removed, but :n is not an instance of :B . when ?y is :n , and :n is an instance of :C , then ?y is an instance of :A , and that gets removed, but :n is not an instance of :B . The query to express this is: select distinct ?y ?d ?d2 where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d2 FILTER ( ?d ! = ?d2 ) ?y a ?d MINUS { ?y a ?d2 }} Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ?y ?d ?d2 :n :C :B :n :A :B Now that we've found the values of ?y that we don't want, they can be removed from the original query: select distinct ?y where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?cn . ?y a ?cn MINUS { ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d2 . FILTER ( ?d ! = ?d2 ) ?y a ?d MINUS { ?y a ?d2 } } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This gives the single solution of :m ?y :m So the final rule is: insert { ?y a ?c } where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?cn . ?y a ?cn MINUS { ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d2 . FILTER ( ?d ! = ?d2 ) ?y a ?d MINUS { ?y a ?d2 } } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode NOTE: This query is for demonstration only. These operations are implemented doubly nested loops, which will not scale at all. It works for small ontologies, but if you try it on something like SNOMED then you will discover that the database will process for over a week. Non-standard SPARQL operations can do this much more efficiently. Final Comment This post was to introduce people to some of the more detailed elements of OWL's representation of Description Logic, explained Valid models are ones in which all interpretations will be true, and how entailment can be made for Consistent statements that lead to correct models for every possible interpretation. The examples at the end demonstrated how entailment can be limited in the open structures of RDFS, but is more capable for the closed structures described in OWL, always remembering that the model itself always follows the Open World Assumption. The SPARQL rule for owl:intersectionOf was me being clever, even if it's useless in the real world due to the scalability issues. 😊 I've been doing this in the real world with code that is outside of SPARQL, but I ought to be able to do it with SPARQL extensions like stardog:list:member (this could remove one level of loop in the above query, but I think it's possible to do even better). All of this is to provide background for my next blog post, which I ought to be able to start now that I've finished writing this! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Paula Gearon Follow Just a girl, standing before a compiler, asking it to love her Location Spotsylvania, VA Education Computer Engineering. Physics. 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https://dev.to/matt_calder_e620d84cf0c14/how-your-qa-team-can-master-dora-metrics-to-drive-velocity-and-stability-45ai | How Your QA Team Can Master DORA Metrics to Drive Velocity and Stability - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Matt Calder Posted on Jan 8 How Your QA Team Can Master DORA Metrics to Drive Velocity and Stability # programming # devops # testing # tutorial The High-Performance QA Playbook: Using Data to Bridge Development Speed and Software Quality For years, many viewed the QA team's mission through a singular lens: find bugs. But in today's era of continuous delivery, that perspective is limiting, and frankly, outdated. As an engineering leader who has guided teams through multiple DevOps transformations, I've witnessed a pivotal shift. The most impactful quality assurance teams are no longer just gatekeepers; they are enablers of velocity and guardians of stability. They speak the language of business outcomes, not just defect counts. This is where DORA metrics become your most powerful tool. DORA (DevOps Research and Assessment) metrics provide a data-driven framework to measure what truly matters: the speed and stability of your software delivery. While often associated with DevOps and platform engineering, these metrics offer profound insights for QA. They answer critical questions: Is our testing facilitating rapid releases or becoming a bottleneck? Are we effectively preventing defects from reaching users? The research is clear: elite performers excel in both speed and stability, proving they are not a trade-off but complementary goals. This guide will translate the theory of DORA into actionable practice for your QA team. You will learn how to measure, interpret, and directly influence these metrics to demonstrate your team's indispensable value in building a high-performance engineering organization. Why DORA Metrics Are a QA Team's Strategic Imperative Traditionally, QA success was measured by lagging indicators like bugs found or test cases executed. DORA metrics, in contrast, are outcome-based indicators that reflect the health of the entire software delivery pipeline. For QA leaders, adopting this framework is a strategic move for three reasons: Shifts QA from a Cost Center to a Value Driver: By directly linking testing activities to outcomes like reduced failure rates and faster recovery, you quantify QA's contribution to business goals - shipping quality software faster. Fosters Collaboration Over Silos: DORA metrics are shared across development, operations, and QA. This shared vocabulary breaks down walls, aligning everyone on the common goals of throughput and stability. Provides Objective Baselines for Improvement: Instead of guessing, you use data to identify constraints in your process. Is lead time long due to manual testing? Does a high failure rate indicate a gap in test coverage? DORA metrics illuminate the path forward. Ignoring these metrics risks leaving your QA team behind in a data-driven engineering culture. As one analysis cautions, using these metrics without understanding their context can lead to wasted effort or misguided goals. The key is to apply them wisely. Decoding the Four Key DORA Metrics for QA DORA's core framework assesses performance across four key metrics, which naturally map to QA responsibilities. Let's break down what each one means from a quality perspective. Deployment Frequency (DF): The Rhythm of Delivery What it is: How often your organization successfully releases to production. QA Lens: This metric reflects the efficiency of your entire release process, including testing. A low deployment frequency can signal that testing is a bottleneck - perhaps due to lengthy manual regression cycles or flaky automated suites that delay sign-off. High-performing teams often deploy on-demand, sometimes multiple times per day. Lead Time for Changes (LT): From Commit to Customer What it is: The amount of time it takes for a single commit to get deployed into production. QA Lens: This is your critical cycle time metric. It encompasses development, review, testing, and deployment. For QA, the question is: how much of that lead time is consumed by waiting for testing or awaiting test results? Long lead times often point to manual testing handoffs, environments that aren't self-service, or slow feedback from automated tests in the CI/CD pipeline. Change Failure Rate (CFR): The Quality Gate What it is: The percentage of deployments that cause a failure in production (e.g., requiring a hotfix, rollback, or patch). QA Lens: This is the most direct measure of your testing effectiveness. A high CFR suggests that defects are escaping your testing net. This could be due to inadequate test coverage, poor understanding of user journeys, or testing environments that don't mirror production. Elite performers keep this rate between 0-15%. Time to Restore Service (MTTR): Resilience in Action What it is: How long it takes to restore service when a failure occurs in production. QA Lens: While often owned by SRE/ops, a swift recovery depends heavily on QA. How quickly can your team help identify the root cause? Do you have a robust suite of tests to verify the fix doesn't break other functionality? Efficient MTTR relies on excellent monitoring, clear communication, and test suites that support rapid, confident validation of fixes. Table: DORA Metrics and Their QA Implications DORA Metric What It Measures Key QA Influence & Questions Deployment Frequency How often you release Are test cycles automated & fast enough to support frequent releases? Lead Time for Changes Speed from commit to live Where are the testing delays? Can we shift left and automate more? Change Failure Rate % of releases causing issues Is our test coverage effective? Are we testing the right user scenarios? Time to Restore Service Speed to fix production issues How fast can we help isolate the bug and validate the fix? A Step-by-Step Guide to Measuring DORA Metrics for Your QA Team Measurement doesn't have to be a complex engineering project. Start simple, focus on trends over absolute precision, and iterate. Step 1: Establish Your Baseline and Goals First, categorize your current performance. Use industry benchmarks as a guide, but remember context is everything. Is your CFR 40%? That's a clear starting point for improvement. Tools like the DORA Quick Check can help establish this baseline quickly. Discuss with your engineering partners: where do we want to be in the next quarter? Aim for achievable, incremental goals. Step 2: Gather Data from Your Toolchain You likely have most of the data you need already. The key is connecting disparate sources: Deployment Frequency & Lead Time: Data comes from your CI/CD tools (Jenkins, GitLab CI, GitHub Actions) and version control system (Git). Track commit timestamps and deployment timestamps. Change Failure Rate: Correlate deployments from CI/CD with incidents from your incident management platform (PagerDuty, Opsgense) or bug-tracking system (Jira). A deployment that triggers a P1/P2 incident is a failure. Time to Restore: This is measured from your incident management platform - time from incident open to resolve. Step 3: Implement and Calculate You can start with manual spreadsheets, but for sustainability, look to dashboards. Many modern CI/CD and value stream management platforms can calculate these metrics automatically. Calculate Lead Time: For a given deployment, find the earliest commit timestamp and subtract it from the deployment timestamp. Average this over a set period. Calculate Failure Rate: (Number of deployments linked to an incident / Total number of deployments) * 100 over a given period. Track Trends: Weekly or monthly reviews are more valuable than daily noise. Use a simple dashboard to visualize trends over time. How Your QA Practices Directly Improve DORA Metrics Once you're measuring, you can act. Here are targeted strategies where QA can move the needle. To Improve Deployment Frequency & Lead Time: Automate Relentlessly: Automate regression, integration, and smoke tests. Integration between your test management platform and CI/CD tool is crucial. For example, a platform like Tuskr can auto-trigger test runs from Jenkins or GitLab and feed results back, creating seamless quality gates. Shift Left Effectively: Embed QA engineers in sprint teams. Start testing requirements and designs. Implement automated unit and API test suites owned by developers, with QA providing frameworks and guidance. Optimize Test Suites: Identify and eliminate flaky tests that waste time and erode trust. Use test management analytics to prioritize test cases based on risk and change impact. To Lower Change Failure Rate & Time to Restore: Implement Smart Test Coverage: Move beyond line coverage to risk-based testing. Focus on core user flows, integrations, and areas with frequent changes. Tools with AI capabilities can help analyze gaps in coverage. Strengthen Your Production Safety Net: Invest in observability and production health checks. Canary deployments and feature flags allow you to test in production with minimal risk, catching issues before they affect all users. Build a Blameless Post-Mortem Culture: When failures happen, focus on the "why." Was there a missing test case? A misunderstood requirement? Use these insights to update test plans and prevent recurrence, turning incidents into learning. Navigating Pitfalls and Building a Data-Informed QA Culture A final word of caution from experience: DORA metrics are a diagnostic tool, not a weapon. Avoid these common traps: Don't Chase Metrics in a Vacuum: Improving one metric at the severe expense of another is a loss. For instance, pushing deployment frequency without regard to failure rate creates chaos. Never Use Them for Individual Performance: These are team and system metrics. Using them for individual appraisal encourages gaming and destroys psychological safety. Context is King: An embedded systems team will have different benchmarks than a web SaaS team. Compare your team to its own past performance, not to unrelated "elite" benchmarks. Start by measuring. Have open conversations with your engineering partners about what the data reveals. Use it to advocate for resources - like investment in test automation or environment provisioning - that will improve the system for everyone. Conclusion The journey to high performance is continuous. By embracing DORA metrics, your QA team transforms from finding defects to driving delivery excellence, proving itself as an indispensable engine for building better software, faster and more reliably. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Matt Calder Follow Joined Sep 10, 2025 More from Matt Calder The Ultimate Guide to Testing Mobile Apps Offline # mobile # programming # testing # tutorial The Definitive Guide to Building a Cross-Browser Testing Matrix for 2026 # webdev # testing # software # programming The 2026 Guide to AI-Powered Test Automation Tools # ai # devops # testing # automation 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/viclafouch/cancel-properly-http-requests-in-react-hooks-and-avoid-memory-leaks-pd7 | 🍦 Cancel Properly HTTP Requests in React Hooks and avoid Memory Leaks 🚨 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Victor de la Fouchardière Posted on Jul 29, 2020 • Edited on Aug 2, 2020 🍦 Cancel Properly HTTP Requests in React Hooks and avoid Memory Leaks 🚨 # react # javascript # showdev # tutorial Hello guys ! 👋 Today, let's take a look at cancelling a web request with fetch and Abort Controller in React Hooks! 🤗 When we work with Fetch to manage data, we sometimes want to cancel the request (e.g. when we leave the current page, when we leave a modal, ...). In the example below 👇, we fetch the data to display when switching route. But , we leave the route/page before the fetch is completed. 🚸 Demo 1/2 🚸 Source code 2/2 We just saw a memory leak in action! 💪🏼 Let’s see why this error occurred, and what it exactly means. ❓ WHY A MEMORY LEAK? : We have a component that performs an asynchronous fetch(url) task, then updates the state of the component to display the elements, BUT we unmount the component before the request is even completed. The state of the unmounted component is updated (e.g. setUsers , setState ), which follows a memory leak . 🚀 Let's use the new AbortController API ! Abort Controller allows you to subscribe to one or more Web Requests with the ability to cancel them. 🔥 Basics of AbortController First of all, let's create a new AbortController object instance. Now, we can access to controller.signal . "The signal read-only property of the AbortController interface returns an AbortSignal object instance, which can be used to communicate with/abort a DOM request as desired." MDN Source Let's see how to use it 💪 And finally, if we want to cancel the current request, just call abort() . Also, you can get controller.signal.aborted which is a Boolean that indicates whether the request(s) the signal is communicating with is/are aborted (true) or not (false). ❗️ Note: When abort() is called, the fetch() promise rejects with a DOMException named AbortError . Yeah, you just learned how to cancel a Web Request natively! 👏 🤩 Let's do this with React Hooks ! ❌ BEFORE Below is an example of a component that retrieves data in order to display them: If I leave the page too fast and the request is not finished: MEMORY LEAK ✅ AFTER So let's useEffect to subscribe to our fetch request and to avoid memory leaks. We use the clean method of useEffect for calling abort() when our component unmount. Now, no more memory leaks! 😍 As always, feel free to reach out to me! 😉 You can check this demo on abort-with-react-hooks.vercel.app . Also, here the source code of this article in this gist . Cheers 🍻 🍻 🍻 If you enjoyed this article you can follow me on Twitter or here on dev.to where I regularly post bite size tips relating to HTML, CSS and JavaScript. 🚜 Improve your productivity with Snippets of JavaScript on the Chrome DevTools 🍄 Victor de la Fouchardière ・ Jul 22 '20 #javascript #productivity #chrome #tutorial 📱 5 Best Places to find free SVG/CSS icons for your websites 🪐 Victor de la Fouchardière ・ Jul 15 '20 #html #css #ux #beginners Top comments (19) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Tyler Smith Tyler Smith Tyler Smith Follow I'm a software developer who writes about Laravel, JavaScript, Rails, Linux, Docker, WordPress and the tech industry. Follow me on Twitter @tylerlwsmith Location Sacramento, California Education BA in Communications Emphasis in Public Relations Work Software Engineer Joined Apr 17, 2018 • Jul 30 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Damn this is a really cool article. I've run into that memory leak error before and now I understand what it is I'm looking at. Thank you for writing this! Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Follow 🐦 Frontend developer and technical writer based in France. I love teaching web development and all kinds of other things online 🤖 Email victor.delafouchardiere@gmail.com Location Paris Education EEMI Work Frontend Engineer Joined Nov 4, 2019 • Jul 30 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide A pleasure Tyler !! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nans Dumortier Nans Dumortier Nans Dumortier Follow Software engineer, what's important to me is to keep learning. Every day. Email dumortier.nans@gmail.com Location Lille 🇫🇷 Education Centrale Lille (ITEEM) Work Developper at Karbon Joined May 7, 2018 • Jul 30 '20 • Edited on Jul 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Heya ! Thanks for this well detailed article!! I was facing the exact same issue, so I created this hook : npmjs.com/package/use-state-if-mou... It basically works like React's useState, but it only updates the state if the component is mounted ! I thought it's an easy and elegant solution for that issue, what do you think ? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Follow 🐦 Frontend developer and technical writer based in France. I love teaching web development and all kinds of other things online 🤖 Email victor.delafouchardiere@gmail.com Location Paris Education EEMI Work Frontend Engineer Joined Nov 4, 2019 • Jul 30 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yeah that's an idea ! I love that !! :) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Hemant Joshi Hemant Joshi Hemant Joshi Follow Your Friendly Neighbourhood Developer. Location Nainital, India Education Birla Institue Of Apllied Sciences; Work Learning... Joined Mar 31, 2020 • Jul 29 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide What if i use redux? and use Axios rather than fetch? Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Follow 🐦 Frontend developer and technical writer based in France. I love teaching web development and all kinds of other things online 🤖 Email victor.delafouchardiere@gmail.com Location Paris Education EEMI Work Frontend Engineer Joined Nov 4, 2019 • Jul 29 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It's the same approch for redux. And I think Axios provide a cancel function. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Hemant Joshi Hemant Joshi Hemant Joshi Follow Your Friendly Neighbourhood Developer. Location Nainital, India Education Birla Institue Of Apllied Sciences; Work Learning... Joined Mar 31, 2020 • Jul 29 '20 • Edited on Jul 29 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide But I don't see a need for, never used Cancel kind of fun before also built some stuffs in React-Redux never saw console with such errors....... const listArticles = () => async ( dispatch ) => { try { dispatch ({ type : ARTICLE_LIST_REQUEST }); const { data } = await axios . get ( ' https://dev.to/api/articles?username=hemant ' ) dispatch ({ type : ARTICLE_LIST_SUCCESS , payload : data }) } catch ( error ){ dispatch ({ type : ARTICLE_LIST_FAIL , payload : error . message }) } } I feel like your talking about dispatch........ Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread Hemant Joshi Hemant Joshi Hemant Joshi Follow Your Friendly Neighbourhood Developer. Location Nainital, India Education Birla Institue Of Apllied Sciences; Work Learning... Joined Mar 31, 2020 • Jul 29 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide +1. I am really new to React about 3-4 Months and would like to know in redux Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread Gautam Krishna R Gautam Krishna R Gautam Krishna R Follow Team Lead at Red Hat | Open source maintainer & contributor | DuckDuckGo Community Leader | Polyglot Email r.gautamkrishna@gmail.com Location Quilon, Kerala, India Education B.Tech in Computer Science and Engineering Pronouns Engineer Work Team Lead, Principal Software Engineer at Red Hat Joined Apr 2, 2017 • Jul 29 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This thing happens every time if you are using react hooks: reactjs.org/docs/hooks-intro.html Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Hemant Joshi Hemant Joshi Hemant Joshi Follow Your Friendly Neighbourhood Developer. Location Nainital, India Education Birla Institue Of Apllied Sciences; Work Learning... Joined Mar 31, 2020 • Jul 29 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks × 1000 👍. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Robert Myers Robert Myers Robert Myers Follow Joined Apr 8, 2018 • Jul 30 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide In the final example, why use [fetchPosts] over [] ? Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Follow 🐦 Frontend developer and technical writer based in France. I love teaching web development and all kinds of other things online 🤖 Email victor.delafouchardiere@gmail.com Location Paris Education EEMI Work Frontend Engineer Joined Nov 4, 2019 • Jul 30 '20 • Edited on Jul 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Because I use fetchPosts which is a dependency in my useEffect. But fetchPosts will never updated (it's a useCallback with [] as dependency) so useEffect will not be executed a second time. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Robert Myers Robert Myers Robert Myers Follow Joined Apr 8, 2018 • Jul 30 '20 • Edited on Jul 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Right, I understand why it works, but why pick one over the other? Would it be faster to not wrap in useCalllback and use [] ? This is a fetch, so I guess any savings would be washed away in network. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Follow 🐦 Frontend developer and technical writer based in France. I love teaching web development and all kinds of other things online 🤖 Email victor.delafouchardiere@gmail.com Location Paris Education EEMI Work Frontend Engineer Joined Nov 4, 2019 • Jul 30 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I want to have a function for getting my data. Maybe in the future I would like to have a button to "refresh" my data. And call "fetchPosts" by clicking on it. Or maybe, for my future pagination by adding page as a new parameter of my function fetchPosts . Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gautam Krishna R Gautam Krishna R Gautam Krishna R Follow Team Lead at Red Hat | Open source maintainer & contributor | DuckDuckGo Community Leader | Polyglot Email r.gautamkrishna@gmail.com Location Quilon, Kerala, India Education B.Tech in Computer Science and Engineering Pronouns Engineer Work Team Lead, Principal Software Engineer at Red Hat Joined Apr 2, 2017 • Jul 29 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is one of the problem all people face when they are getting started with React. Thanks a lot for putting this out here so that it will help someone. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Follow 🐦 Frontend developer and technical writer based in France. I love teaching web development and all kinds of other things online 🤖 Email victor.delafouchardiere@gmail.com Location Paris Education EEMI Work Frontend Engineer Joined Nov 4, 2019 • Jul 30 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you Gautam ! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ivan Ivanov Ivan Ivanov Ivan Ivanov Follow Joined Dec 12, 2017 • Jul 31 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Very nice article! Merci! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Victor de la Fouchardière Follow 🐦 Frontend developer and technical writer based in France. I love teaching web development and all kinds of other things online 🤖 Email victor.delafouchardiere@gmail.com Location Paris Education EEMI Work Frontend Engineer Joined Nov 4, 2019 • Jul 31 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide 🤗 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Kamil Biedrzycki Kamil Biedrzycki Kamil Biedrzycki Follow Joined Jul 2, 2019 • Jul 30 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Looks like it's flagged as experimental (not sure why) but still worth to mention compatibility table caniuse.com/#feat=abortcontroller around this feature. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (19 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Victor de la Fouchardière Follow 🐦 Frontend developer and technical writer based in France. I love teaching web development and all kinds of other things online 🤖 Location Paris Education EEMI Work Frontend Engineer Joined Nov 4, 2019 More from Victor de la Fouchardière 👑 Create a secure Chat Application with React Hooks, Firebase and Seald 🔐 # react # javascript # showdev # firebase 🍿 Publish your own ESLint / Prettier config for React Projects on NPM 📦 # javascript # react # npm # eslint 🤝 Promise.allSettled() VS Promise.all() in JavaScript 🍭 # javascript # node # webdev # beginners 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Matt Calder 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Sep 10, 2025 More info about @matt_calder_e620d84cf0c14 Post 10 posts published Comment 1 comment written Tag 0 tags followed How Your QA Team Can Master DORA Metrics to Drive Velocity and Stability Matt Calder Matt Calder Matt Calder Follow Jan 8 How Your QA Team Can Master DORA Metrics to Drive Velocity and Stability # programming # devops # testing # tutorial Comments Add Comment 6 min read Want to connect with Matt Calder? Create an account to connect with Matt Calder. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # electronics Follow Hide Create Post Older #electronics posts 1 2 3 4 5 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Diana Initiative Blinky Badge Workshop whykay 👩🏻💻🐈🏳️🌈 (she/her) whykay 👩🏻💻🐈🏳️🌈 (she/her) whykay 👩🏻💻🐈🏳️🌈 (she/her) Follow Aug 24 '20 Diana Initiative Blinky Badge Workshop # dianainitiative # electronics # maker 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read WorkDash - Slack Status Changer Dídac Dídac Dídac Follow Aug 19 '20 WorkDash - Slack Status Changer # electronics # arduino # api # funny 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Morse code in Raspberry PI Halc Halc Halc Follow Aug 16 '20 Morse code in Raspberry PI # raspberrypi # python # electronics # hardware 24 reactions Comments 4 comments 4 min read Hardware Hacking 101: Making your first (virtual) circuit Nočnica Mellifera Nočnica Mellifera Nočnica Mellifera Follow for Heroku Aug 6 '20 Hardware Hacking 101: Making your first (virtual) circuit # hardware # codeland # arduino # electronics 60 reactions Comments 3 comments 6 min read The hardware behind Otto: a monkey plush which became my vocal assistant Flavio De Stefano Flavio De Stefano Flavio De Stefano Follow Jul 30 '20 The hardware behind Otto: a monkey plush which became my vocal assistant # raspberrypi # electronics # ai 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read "Rapid 3D design and printing plastic enclosures for electronics projects" Apurva Kulkulewar Apurva Kulkulewar Apurva Kulkulewar Follow Jun 16 '20 "Rapid 3D design and printing plastic enclosures for electronics projects" # gitcommitshow # developers # git # electronics 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read The beauty of consoles Paula Paula Paula Follow Mar 31 '20 The beauty of consoles # hardware # electronics # games 36 reactions Comments 3 comments 7 min read Water Your Plant Using a Raspberry Pi and Python Alan Constantino Alan Constantino Alan Constantino Follow Mar 10 '20 Water Your Plant Using a Raspberry Pi and Python # python # beginners # automation # electronics 54 reactions Comments 7 comments 8 min read SPI with MCP3008 ADC chip & TMP36 analogue temp sensor Adam K Dean Adam K Dean Adam K Dean Follow Feb 4 '20 SPI with MCP3008 ADC chip & TMP36 analogue temp sensor # electronics # node # spi 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read From web to embedded: exploring a different sub-field within tech Maniflames Maniflames Maniflames Follow Jan 31 '20 From web to embedded: exploring a different sub-field within tech # beginners # hardware # embedded # electronics 27 reactions Comments 1 comment 17 min read Melatonin Busting Glasses Adam K Dean Adam K Dean Adam K Dean Follow Jan 17 '20 Melatonin Busting Glasses # inventing # electronics # light # engineering 15 reactions Comments 7 comments 2 min read That time I built a tool that helps 1000 CS students every month Hatem Hassan 👨💻☕️💻🌺😎 Hatem Hassan 👨💻☕️💻🌺😎 Hatem Hassan 👨💻☕️💻🌺😎 Follow Jan 7 '20 That time I built a tool that helps 1000 CS students every month # electronics # engineering # php # web 88 reactions Comments 6 comments 5 min read Universally Stupid: Battling USB on a microcontroller with Rust Filip Filip Filip Follow Jan 7 '20 Universally Stupid: Battling USB on a microcontroller with Rust # electronics # rust # embedded # usb 11 reactions Comments 2 comments 8 min read So you want to write an embedded driver in Rust Filip Filip Filip Follow Dec 7 '19 So you want to write an embedded driver in Rust # rust # embedded # electronics 25 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Strange parts: fingerprint reader testing Filip Filip Filip Follow Nov 12 '19 Strange parts: fingerprint reader testing # electronics # rust 9 reactions Comments 4 comments 6 min read Introducing recurBoy, a raspberry pi video instrument Guergana Tzatchkova Guergana Tzatchkova Guergana Tzatchkova Follow Oct 16 '19 Introducing recurBoy, a raspberry pi video instrument # electronics # raspberrypi # liveperformance # openframeworks 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Playing with LEDs on Arduino Erika Heidi Erika Heidi Erika Heidi Follow Jun 14 '19 Playing with LEDs on Arduino # electronics # hardware # beginners # arduino 56 reactions Comments 2 comments 7 min read Basic Soldering: an illustrated guide Erika Heidi Erika Heidi Erika Heidi Follow Jun 4 '19 Basic Soldering: an illustrated guide # electronics # hardware # beginners # soldering 66 reactions Comments 6 comments 2 min read Are there any websites like dev.to for electronics ? Allen Francis Allen Francis Allen Francis Follow Jun 5 '19 Are there any websites like dev.to for electronics ? # discuss # electronics # learning # help 3 reactions Comments 5 comments 1 min read Putting Together a Budget Inventor's Kit Erika Heidi Erika Heidi Erika Heidi Follow May 21 '19 Putting Together a Budget Inventor's Kit # electronics # hardware # beginners 22 reactions Comments 2 comments 6 min read A Primer on Basic Electronics and Circuits Erika Heidi Erika Heidi Erika Heidi Follow May 7 '19 A Primer on Basic Electronics and Circuits # arduino # electronics # hardware # beginners 97 reactions Comments 8 comments 4 min read Voice Controlled Lights From Anywhere with Jason app Fernando Zablah Fernando Zablah Fernando Zablah Follow Jul 25 '18 Voice Controlled Lights From Anywhere with Jason app # iot # arduino # android # electronics 38 reactions Comments 8 comments 6 min read Hunting for electronics in Tokyo Guergana Tzatchkova Guergana Tzatchkova Guergana Tzatchkova Follow Jun 9 '18 Hunting for electronics in Tokyo # iot # electronics # japan # tokyo 16 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read Conferences, Meetups, Hackathons: A learning rollercoaster in the past two months. Part III - The Workshops Guergana Tzatchkova Guergana Tzatchkova Guergana Tzatchkova Follow Apr 5 '18 Conferences, Meetups, Hackathons: A learning rollercoaster in the past two months. Part III - The Workshops # iot # micropython # electronics # ewaste 11 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Mastering LED with BASIC wirelessly bright inventions bright inventions bright inventions Follow Jan 8 '18 Mastering LED with BASIC wirelessly # led # electronics # career # learning 9 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/quoll/what-cant-i-do-as-a-rule-8a6 | What Can't I do, as a Rule? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Paula Gearon Posted on Aug 22, 2022 • Edited on Jan 7, 2023 What Can't I do, as a Rule? # rdf # owl # sparql # rules I have recently been working with graph databases again, and with OWL descriptions of information. This isn't just about a graph of information, but also about how the information is structured. It's similar to a schema in an RDBMS, but with more information. Describing data in a graph and ontology uses a mathematical system called Description Logic (DL). In fact, it was a community of Description Logic researchers who came together to develop the OWL standard. The result is a system that can be obtuse to learn, but has a solid mathematical foundation without "bugs". It also has the ability to do some unexpected things. Oedipal Issues There is an example provided in the Description Logic Handbook , referred to therein as the "Oedipus Problem". (See page 73 of this PDF of the 1st edition ) A set of relationships around the mythical figure of Oedipus is described using DL, and then a complex question is asked that appears unanswerable at face value. To start with, let's look at the DL data that is presented: hasChild(IOKASTE, OEDIPUS) hasChild(IOKASTE, POLYNEIKES) hasChild(OEDIPUS, POLYNEIKES) hasChild(POLYNEIKES, THERSANDROS) Patricide(OEDIPUS) ¬Patricide(THERSANDROS) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This describes a rather messy family tree. Oedipus is colored a light red to indicate that he killed his father (ie. he is a "Patricide"), while Thersandros is light blue to indicate that he did not kill his father (he is not a Patricide). Each statement in the DL is presented as a "predicate". This is some kind of name followed by parentheses. The first one here is hasChild . Because it has 2 elements inside the parentheses, then it represents something called a role . The first line says that IOKASTE is connected by the role of hasChild to OEDIPUS , and you can see that I've indicated this in the diagram. By convention, roles will always start with a lower-case letter. The last two lines have only a single element in the parentheses. These declare the class of something. The first one says that OEDIPUS is in the class of Patricide . This is just using DL syntax to describe that he killed his father. The second uses an operator that inverts the class, saying that THERSANDROS is in the class of anyone and anything that is not a Patricide . Again, this is using DL to explicitly state that Thersandros did not kill his father. A Box The data presented so far is what is referred to as instance data . The formal term for this is the ABox , which stands for "Assertion Box". This is like the data that might be found inside a table in an RDBMS. This ABox contains 4 statements of hasChild , and 2 type statements: membership in the Patricide class, and membership of the class that indicates not-a-Patricide , which is indicated as the class of things that is everything that is not a Patricide . T Box What does not appear here is the ontology of the data, which is formally known as the TBox or "Terminology Box". This is similar to a database schema but also goes on to describe relationships between entities, relationships between relationships, properties of relationships, and more. While the TBox has not been included, we can infer a little from the ABox : We can see that there is a relationship called hasChild that connects elements in the domain. We can see that these elements can be on either side of those relationships. There is a class called Patricide . Elements may be a member of Patricide or not. This indicates that those elements that are members of Patricide form a subset of the full domain of elements. We see this because THERSANDROS is an element, but is not a Patricide . Open World Consider how Thersandros is being explicitly declared as not being a member of the Patricide class. This is a result of the Open World Assumption (OWA), and may seem unusual when compared to the more common Closed World Assumption (CWA). In the CWA, any data that is not explicitly stated is known to be false. For instance, both Iokaste and Polyneikes are not declared to be in the class of Patricide , and in the CWA this implies that they are not members of this class. The statement about Thersandros not being a Patricide would therefore be redundant. Most programming systems and databases work on this assumption, so developers are usually familiar with this paradigm. In contrast, under the Open World Assumption any data that is not stated is instead unknown . At some point in the future, more information may be explicitly provided, or a reasoning process may determine new information. But until then, it is not valid to make any decisions based on unstated data. The ¬Patricide(THERSANDROS) statement has been made under the OWA, so that we explicitly know that Thersandros is not in the Patricide class. We also know that Oedipus is a member of that class. But we have no information about whether Iokaste and Polyneikes are members. The Question The question that is posed is this: Does IOKASTE have a child who is a Patricide , who, in turn, has a child who is not a Patricide ? This question can be posed in Description Logic with the expression: (∃hasChild.(Patricide ⊓ ∃hasChild.¬Patricide))(IOKASTE) ? For those who don't know the terminology, let's break it down, by using some substitution. The expression: Aoe(IOKASTE) ? is asking if IOKASTE is a member of the class Aoe . We can then define Aoe as the class in our question: Aoe ≡ ∃hasChild.(Patricide ⊓ ∃hasChild.¬Patricide) (The ≡ symbol means "is equivalent to") So now we need to break down the Aoe class. Let's substitute for the compound statement: Aoe ≡ ∃hasChild.B B ≡ Patricide ⊓ ∃hasChild.¬Patricide This redefines Aoe in terms of B . This definition says that to be a member of Aoe an entity must have a hasChild relationship to an entity that is of type B . Breaking down B , we come to: B ≡ Patricide ⊓ C C ≡ ∃hasChild.¬Patricide So to be a member of the B class, an entity must be both an instance of the Patricide class, and also the C class. The C class is actually compound, but small enough that I did not break it up further. This class defines an entity that has a child that is not a member of the Patricide class. Solving for Aoe To see if IOKASTE is a member of Aoe we can look to see if there is a hasChild relationship, and if one of those children is a member of the B class defined above. IOKASTE has 2 children: OEDIPUS and POLYNEIKES . Let's consider each in turn. The Oedipus Child For OEDIPUS to be a member of B , he needs to be a Patricide and to be a member of C . OEDIPUS is declared as a Patricide , so now we consider he is a member of the C class. This requires a hasChild relationship to someone who is not in the Patricide class. In this case, there is a hasChild relationship to POLYNEIKES , but there is no information to indicate if POLYNEIKES is a Patricide or not. This means that we cannot determine if the conditions are met. Note that we have not determined that IOKASTE is not a member of Aoe . We just do not have sufficient information. POLYNEIKES is either a member of Patricide or she is not, and this will determine whether IOKASTE is a member of Aoe . If POLYNEIKES is not a member of Patricide , then the condition of Aoe(IOKASTE) will be met. The Polyneikes Child For POLYNEIKES to be a member of B , she needs to be a Patricide and to be a member of C . We don't know if she is a member of the Patricide class or not, but let's consider the C class. To be in the C class, POLYNEIKES requires a hasChild relationship to someone who is not in the Patricide class. In this case, there is a hasChild relationship to THERSANDROS who is explicitly declared to be not in the Patricide class. So POLYNEIKES is indeed in the C class. In this case, we also don't know if IOKASTE is a member of Aoe . Again, this is solely dependent on whether or not POLYNEIKES is a member of Patricide . Solution At face value, it appears that there is no way to answer the question of Aoe(IOKASTE) , since all possible paths have an unknown element. However, for the path through OEDIPUS , we know that Aoe(IOKASTE) is true if and only if ¬Patricide(POLYNEIKES) . Meanwhile, for the path through POLYNEIKES , we know that Aoe(IOKASTE) is true if and only if Patricide(POLYNEIKES) . Patricide(POLYNEIKES) may only be true or false, meaning that Polyneikes is a member of the class or she isn't. There aren't any other possibilities. And since both possibilities result in Aoe(IOKASTE) being true, then this tells us that the condition is met. The unusual thing here is that we don't know how the condition is met. We don't have complete information, but we do have enough information to show that the condition is true regardless of the unknown state. Without Rules A forward-chaining reasoner is one that relies on modus ponens and modus tollens . These are both mechanisms that take known information, and deduce new information. However, for the problem of determining Aoe(IOKASTE) , the solution is arrived at through unknown state, meaning that forward-chained reasoners are unable to deduce the result. Theoretically, in a limited case like this, it is possible to create rules for the solution. For instance, a predicate might be created that indicates "true, if X is true", or "true, if X is false", and then create a rule that returns true if both of these are asserted. However, this is limited to simple conditions on single variables. The constructs would quickly get unwieldy as the number of variables increased, and the possible states would explode combinatorially with many of these conditional predicates being asserted. Rather than rules that create conditional assertions, logic engines like Prolog can explore these possibilities in memory. This can and does work, but this approach may also have difficulty in scaling as the number of states increases, and the logic engine has to search them all. What I have discussed so far are proof procedures based on Natural Deduction and trees. Another approach is using a Semantic Tableaux . This considers the entire TBox as a series of logic expressions, along with the inverse of a statement that is being evaluated. The process then manipulates the logic expressions until the statement can be "proven". If it is shown to be false then the inverse was true, so the statement to be evaluated is true . Let's get this back into concrete implementations. RDF The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a graph data model, where each edge may also be considered to be a logic assertion of a binary predicate applied to each of the connected nodes. For instance, a graph containing 2 nodes of A and B with a edge of E between them would appear as: The logic representation of this is where the edge is considered a binary predicate: E(A, B) Unary predicates in description logic are a statement of an entity's type, and so RDF has created a specific predicate called rdf:type to represent this. For instance, saying that Oedipus is a Patricide has the logic representation of: Patricide(OEDIPUS) And appears in the RDF graph as: This covers most of the ABox that was declared for the Iokaste problem, with the exception of Thersandros being declared as not being a member of Patricide . OWL While RDF is adequate for the ABox data, it is the TBox with its complex class descriptions that describes the question we are trying to answer. The Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a language that includes these descriptions, and is specifically designed to work with RDF data. OWL itself can be serialized into RDF and stored in a graph alongside the data it is describing. Serializing in TTL Using RDF and OWL, the complete ABox as well as the ¬Patricide class can be described in RDF, and serialized into a text format. I prefer to use the Terse Triples Language (Turtle) to serialize RDF, though several other formats exist. @prefix : <http://demo.imo.com/oedipus#> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . :NotPatricide owl:complementOf :Patricide . :_Iokaste :hasChild :_Oedipus , :_Polyneikes . :_Oedipus :hasChild :_Polyneikes ; a :Patricide . :_Polyneikes :hasChild :_Thersandros . :_Thersandros a :NotPatricide . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This looks like the following: Back to the Question With this data in place, I ask about the Aoe class defined above if I add that class to my graph: :Aoe owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasChild ; owl:someValuesFrom [ owl:intersectionOf (:Patricide [a owl:Restriction ; owl:someValuesFrom :NotPatricide ; owl:onProperty :hasChild])]] . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This is a transliteration of the expression: ∃hasChild.(Patricide ⊓ ∃hasChild.¬Patricide) into OWL, and was done using the serialization rules shown in the OWL2 Quick Reference Guide . Reasoning We can ask if Iokaste is a member of the Aoe class by using a SPARQL ASK query, with reasoning turned on: @prefix : <http://demo.imo.com/oedipus#> . ASK { :_Iokaste a :Aoe } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If we load this into an RDF database and issue the query we will get a result of: false What? This took so long to get here! What went wrong? The answer is that we need to enable reasoning. Not every database can handle this, and even fewer can deal with reasoning around incomplete data. Stardog To see a database that can manage this, let's look at Stardog . This is a commercial database, but it can be used for free on smaller datasets. Installation is well documented , and then the web-based UI is very capable, with lots of useful features (that can take a while to explore). Connecting to this UI link requests the address of your DB, connects into it, and gives you an easier interface than a command line. Try putting the above ABox and definition of :Aoe into a file called oedipus.ttl , then it can be loaded into a new database that we will also call "oedipus": $ stardog-admin db create -n oedipus oedipus.ttl Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This should have an output like: Bulk loading data to new database oedipus. Loaded 19 triples to oedipus from 1 file(s) in 00:00:00.337 @ 0.1K triples/sec. Successfully created database 'oedipus'. Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now try looking at the data: $ stardog query execute oedipus 'select ?s ?p ?o {?s ?p ?o}' Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode +----------------------------------------------------+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------+ | s | p | o | +----------------------------------------------------+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------+ | _:bnode_5f51466d_e100_4b91_b2ea_cf0a9bbc5477_61818 | owl:someValuesFrom | :NotPatricide | | :_Thersandros | rdf:type | :NotPatricide | | :NotPatricide | owl:complementOf | :Patricide | | _:bnode_5f51466d_e100_4b91_b2ea_cf0a9bbc5477_61816 | rdf:first | :Patricide | | :_Oedipus | rdf:type | :Patricide | | :Aoe | owl:equivalentClass | _:bnode_5f51466d_e100_4b91_b2ea_cf0a9bbc5477_61814 | | _:bnode_5f51466d_e100_4b91_b2ea_cf0a9bbc5477_61814 | rdf:type | owl:Restriction | | _:bnode_5f51466d_e100_4b91_b2ea_cf0a9bbc5477_61818 | rdf:type | owl:Restriction | | _:bnode_5f51466d_e100_4b91_b2ea_cf0a9bbc5477_61814 | owl:onProperty | :hasChild | | _:bnode_5f51466d_e100_4b91_b2ea_cf0a9bbc5477_61818 | owl:onProperty | :hasChild | | _:bnode_5f51466d_e100_4b91_b2ea_cf0a9bbc5477_61815 | owl:intersectionOf | _:bnode_5f51466d_e100_4b91_b2ea_cf0a9bbc5477_61816 | | _:bnode_5f51466d_e100_4b91_b2ea_cf0a9bbc5477_61816 | rdf:rest | _:bnode_5f51466d_e100_4b91_b2ea_cf0a9bbc5477_61817 | | _:bnode_5f51466d_e100_4b91_b2ea_cf0a9bbc5477_61817 | rdf:first | _:bnode_5f51466d_e100_4b91_b2ea_cf0a9bbc5477_61818 | | _:bnode_5f51466d_e100_4b91_b2ea_cf0a9bbc5477_61817 | rdf:rest | rdf:nil | | _:bnode_5f51466d_e100_4b91_b2ea_cf0a9bbc5477_61814 | owl:someValuesFrom | _:bnode_5f51466d_e100_4b91_b2ea_cf0a9bbc5477_61815 | | :_Iokaste | :hasChild | :_Oedipus | | :_Iokaste | :hasChild | :_Polyneikes | | :_Oedipus | :hasChild | :_Polyneikes | | :_Polyneikes | :hasChild | :_Thersandros | +----------------------------------------------------+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------+ Query returned 19 results in 00:00:00.257 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If we trace through all of these statements, we can see the blank nodes that were created in the construction of the :Aoe class, along with the intersection list and the restrictions. Enable Reasoning When reasoning is enabled, the TBox is used to describe the data, and direct the reasoning. Consequently, none of the TBox information should appear in the output. We see how this looks on the oedipus data by adding a -r flag: $ stardog query execute -r oedipus "select ?s ?p ?o {?s ?p ?o}" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode +---------------+-----------+---------------+ | s | p | o | +---------------+-----------+---------------+ | :_Iokaste | :hasChild | :_Oedipus | | :_Iokaste | :hasChild | :_Polyneikes | | :_Oedipus | :hasChild | :_Polyneikes | | :_Polyneikes | :hasChild | :_Thersandros | | :_Oedipus | rdf:type | :Patricide | | :_Thersandros | rdf:type | :NotPatricide | | :_Iokaste | rdf:type | owl:Thing | | :_Oedipus | rdf:type | owl:Thing | | :_Polyneikes | rdf:type | owl:Thing | | :_Thersandros | rdf:type | owl:Thing | +---------------+-----------+---------------+ Query returned 10 results in 00:00:01.313 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This is easier to follow, but the only new data is that all the instance data now has the type owl:Thing . That's correct, but not particularly interesting. And it doesn't infer any members for :Aoe . Stardog can use different reasoning levels , and by default it uses a combination of RDFS , OWL QL , OWL RL , and OWL EL . This is very powerful, but it still doesn't handle the incomplete information from the Oedipus example. However, Stardog also supports the Pellet reasoner. This reasoner is fast and capable, though it can be limited in the scale that it can manage. Fortunately, our data set is tiny so that won't be a problem. To switch to the Pellet reasoner, the database has to be taken down and then back up with the new reasoner setting: $ stardog-admin db offline oedipus The database oedipus is now offline. $ stardog-admin metadata set -o reasoning.type = DL -- oedipus The option ( s ) for the database 'oedipus' were successfully set. $ stardog-admin db online oedipus The database oedipus is now online. Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now we can look at the data again: $ stardog query execute -r oedipus "select ?s ?p ?o {?s ?p ?o}" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode +---------------+-----------+---------------+ | s | p | o | +---------------+-----------+---------------+ | :_Oedipus | :hasChild | :_Polyneikes | | :_Iokaste | :hasChild | :_Oedipus | | :_Iokaste | :hasChild | :_Polyneikes | | :_Polyneikes | :hasChild | :_Thersandros | | :_Oedipus | rdf:type | :Patricide | | :_Iokaste | rdf:type | :Aoe | | :_Oedipus | rdf:type | owl:Thing | | :_Thersandros | rdf:type | owl:Thing | | :_Iokaste | rdf:type | owl:Thing | | :_Polyneikes | rdf:type | owl:Thing | | :_Thersandros | rdf:type | :NotPatricide | +---------------+-----------+---------------+ Query returned 11 results in 00:00:00.303 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This includes a single new statement, saying :Aoe(:_Iokaste) Now we can ask the original question: $ stardog query execute -r oedipus "ASK {:_Iokaste a :Aoe}" Result: true Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Conclusion This post explored description logics, and how they can be used to reason on incomplete data. It also demonstrated how the Web Ontology Language is used to encode Description Logic, and how this, in turn, can be represented as RDF. Finally, we used Pellet as an OWL reasoner to answer the original question. Afterword: The above link for Pellet is to a paper in the Journal of Web Semantics . The system itself is open source and can be found on Github . Next I discuss more of modeling data in RDF/OWL in my next post... Top comments (4) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Jesús Gómez Jesús Gómez Jesús Gómez Follow Joined Dec 18, 2017 • Sep 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Beautiful!: "And since both possibilities result in Aoe(IOKASTE) being true, then this tells us that the condition is met." Aside: I understand that NULL in SQL has to be treated as: I Don't know, which seems to me as an Open World Assumption. Am I right? Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Just a girl, standing before a compiler, asking it to love her Location Spotsylvania, VA Education Computer Engineering. Physics. Work Semantic Web Architect Joined Dec 1, 2018 • Oct 11 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide If you're treating it as "I don't know" then it's an open world assumption (OWA), but my experience is that it's typically treated as, "I do know, and the data does not exist" Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jesús Gómez Jesús Gómez Jesús Gómez Follow Joined Dec 18, 2017 • Oct 11 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Isn't that the same thing? Not having the data, in a database system, marked with NULL[1], is the same as "not knowing", if we could say the database "knows" something. I think. You ask something to the database and get NULL, you have no knowledge except for the fact that the database doesn't have enough information to concrete an answer. Ex, What's the average income? NULL. I think is valid to read it as "I Don't know" as much as "I Don't have enough data to give you a concrete answer". At least operations are coherent with this reasoning. What is greater NULL or 1: NULL (NULL > 1 = NULL), or... IDK what is greater. [1] I made this note "marked with NULL" because it is different to not having a "row" in a table, which could be conclusive: "There are 10 things, no more no less", instead of saying "There are at least 10 things in the world". In which case I suppose there is nothing but the application context to determine which of the 2 interpretations to use. Ok, I'm raving now. I think I've never thought about this OWA/CWA stuff before. Tell me if I'm wrong on what I said that with traditional databases, it is the application which make the assumptions, i.e. one codes with a preconceived meaning of what NULL is and what non-existing rows mean. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Just a girl, standing before a compiler, asking it to love her Location Spotsylvania, VA Education Computer Engineering. Physics. Work Semantic Web Architect Joined Dec 1, 2018 • Oct 12 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Strictly speaking, a relational database works with the CWA, so missing data means that as far as the computer is concerned then it does not exist, as opposed to "unknown". For instance, if you're joining between tables on a nullable column, those rows with null in that column will not match. If they were truly "don't know" then they'd be included, since maybe they actually would match if those rows contained appropriate data in that column. An app can absolutely treat it as meaning something else, but that is a choice of the developer of how to treat this data. It's not the default behavior of the database. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Paula Gearon Follow Just a girl, standing before a compiler, asking it to love her Location Spotsylvania, VA Education Computer Engineering. Physics. Work Semantic Web Architect Joined Dec 1, 2018 More from Paula Gearon Stay Classy in OWL # rdf # owl # sparql # rules Classification # rdf # owl # sparql # rules 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dev.to/omnarayan/getting-started-with-devicelab-5-min-setup-3nmp | Getting Started with DeviceLab (5-Min Setup) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Om Narayan Posted on Dec 25, 2025 • Originally published at devicelab.dev on Dec 25, 2025 Getting Started with DeviceLab (5-Min Setup) # testing # automation # android # mobile Running automated tests on real devices shouldn't require complex infrastructure. With DeviceLab, you connect your own devices and start testing in minutes—no SDKs to install, no agents to configure. Just two curl commands. How It Works DeviceLab has two concepts: Device Node — Makes your physical devices available for testing Test Node — Runs your tests on those devices Both run via curl commands. No installation required. Step 1: Start a Device Node Connect your Android or iOS device via USB, then run: curl -fsSL https://app.devicelab.dev/device-node/KEY | sh Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Replace KEY with your team key from the DeviceLab dashboard . This automatically detects your connected devices (physical, emulators, simulators) and keeps running until you stop it with Ctrl+C. Step 2: Run Tests Download a sample test and run it: # Download sample curl -O https://app.devicelab.dev/samples/maestro-android-sample.zip unzip maestro-android-sample.zip && cd maestro-android-sample # Run tests curl -fsSL https://app.devicelab.dev/test-node/KEY | sh -s -- \ --framework maestro \ --platform android \ --app ./TestHiveApp.apk \ --tests ./maestro-tests Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode That's it. Your tests run on your connected device—the app binary transfers directly via WebRTC, never touching DeviceLab's servers. Other Frameworks DeviceLab supports multiple test frameworks: Maestro — Shown above Appium (Java) — See quick start guide Appium (Python) — See quick start guide FAQ What devices does DeviceLab support? DeviceLab supports Android phones and tablets, iPhones and iPads, Android emulators, and iOS simulators. Physical iOS devices require a Mac with Xcode for initial setup. Do I need to install anything on my mobile device? No app installation is needed on the device. You just enable Developer Mode/USB Debugging and connect via USB. DeviceLab agent runs on the host machine. Can I run tests from a different machine than where devices are connected? Yes. Once devices are connected to a machine running the DeviceLab agent, they can be accessed from any machine through the DeviceLab dashboard. What's Next? Add devices from multiple machines Run your own test suite Set up CI/CD integration Invite your team Your first device is free. Get started with DeviceLab . Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Om Narayan Follow Co-founder at RobusTest Location Hyderabad India Joined Sep 14, 2025 More from Om Narayan HIPAA Mobile QA Checklist: Your Testing Pipeline is a Compliance Risk # security # healthcare # testing # compliance Renting Test Devices is Financially Irresponsible. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Ella (she/her/elle) A work in progress... trying to enrich others' lives and build the world we want to live in 🌱 Location Côtes-d'Armor, France Joined Joined on Dec 30, 2020 Personal website https://www.mirellamoves.com github website Education University of Strathclyde + University of Essex Pronouns she/her Work Developer Community Manager Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close #howtodevto Hero Rewarded for giving helpful advice about how to use DEV. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # cotester Follow Hide Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu What is Decision Table Testing? A Beginner’s Guide Ronika Kashyap Ronika Kashyap Ronika Kashyap Follow Mar 24 '25 What is Decision Table Testing? A Beginner’s Guide # testing # decisiontabletesting # cotester # ai 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Step-by-Step: Using CoTester for AI Test Automation Ronika Kashyap Ronika Kashyap Ronika Kashyap Follow Apr 16 '25 Step-by-Step: Using CoTester for AI Test Automation # testing # cotester # ai # playwright 14 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read The Hidden Benefits of AI Testing Agents You Didn’t Know About Ronika Kashyap Ronika Kashyap Ronika Kashyap Follow Apr 9 '25 The Hidden Benefits of AI Testing Agents You Didn’t Know About # testing # ai # aitestingagents # cotester 15 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read AI in Software Testing: Why CoTester Stands Out Among Competitors Steve Wortham Steve Wortham Steve Wortham Follow Apr 7 '25 AI in Software Testing: Why CoTester Stands Out Among Competitors # ai # testing # cotester # cloud 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Why CoTester Stands Out as the Most Efficient AI Testing Agent Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Feb 13 '25 Why CoTester Stands Out as the Most Efficient AI Testing Agent # ai # testing # webdev # cotester Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why every CTO needs AI-powered testing for better software and business growth Morris Morris Morris Follow Mar 17 '25 Why every CTO needs AI-powered testing for better software and business growth # testing # ai # aitestingtools # cotester 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read AI vs Traditional Testing: Why CoTester Leads the Way Ronika Kashyap Ronika Kashyap Ronika Kashyap Follow Mar 12 '25 AI vs Traditional Testing: Why CoTester Leads the Way # cotester # testing # ai # aisoftwaretestingtools 42 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read 10 Key Features of CoTester That Every QA Engineer Should Know Ronika Kashyap Ronika Kashyap Ronika Kashyap Follow Mar 10 '25 10 Key Features of CoTester That Every QA Engineer Should Know # testing # cotester # aiautomationtesting # ai 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why AI is the Future of Software Testing Steve Wortham Steve Wortham Steve Wortham Follow Feb 17 '25 Why AI is the Future of Software Testing # testing # ai # softwartesting # cotester 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why TestGrid in 2025? The Top 5 Features for Your Testing Success Ronika Kashyap Ronika Kashyap Ronika Kashyap Follow Jan 21 '25 Why TestGrid in 2025? The Top 5 Features for Your Testing Success # testing # testgrid # cotester # softwaretesting 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read GUI Testing: Best Practices, Tools, and Checklists You Can’t Miss satyaprakash behera satyaprakash behera satyaprakash behera Follow Jan 22 '25 GUI Testing: Best Practices, Tools, and Checklists You Can’t Miss # testing # guitesting # ai # cotester 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://x.com/privacy#chapter6 | X Privacy Policy Skip to main content Privacy Policy <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Privacy Policy" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="1BJ8" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link=" https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/privacy-policy-2025-07-28/en/x-privacy-policy-2025-07-28.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> X Privacy Policy We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. This version of the Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Privacy Policy continues to apply. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a Professional Account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job applications / recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about you and/or your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad partners, developers, and publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other third parties, account connections, and integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personalize our products and services so that you have a better experience on X, including by showing you more relevant content and ads, suggesting people and topics to follow, enabling and helping you discover affiliates , third-party apps, and services. We may use the information we collect and publicly available information to help train our machine learning or artificial intelligence models for the purposes outlined in this policy. We may use the information we collect from accounts of other services that you choose to connect to your X account to provide you features like cross-posting or cross-service authentication, and to operate our services. We use your contact information to help others find your account if your settings permit, including through third-party services and client applications. We use your information to provide our advertising and sponsored content services subject to your settings , which helps make ads on X more relevant to you. We also use this information to measure the effectiveness of ads and to help recognize your devices to serve you ads on and off of X. Some of our ad partners also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you, as described elsewhere in our Privacy Policy. 2.2 Foster safety and security. We use information we collect to provide for the safety and security of our users, our products, services, and your account. This includes verifying your identity, authenticating your account, estimating or verifying your age as may be required under law, and defending against fraud, unauthorized use, and illegal activity. We also use the information to evaluate and affect the safety and quality of content on X - this includes investigating and enforcing our policies and terms, as well as applicable law. 2.3 Measure, analyze and make our services better. We use the information we collect to measure and analyze the effectiveness of our products and services and to better understand how you use them in order to make them better. 2.4 Communicate with you about our services. We use the information we collect to communicate with you about our products and services, including about product updates and changes to our policies and terms. If you’re open to hearing from us, we may also send you marketing messages from time to time. 2.5 Research. We use information you share with us, or that we collect to conduct research, surveys, product testing, and troubleshooting to help us operate and improve our products and services. 3. Sharing Information You should know the ways we share your information, why we share it, and how you can control it. There are five general ways we share your information. 3.1 When you post and share. With the general public . You are directing us to disclose that information as broadly as possible. X content, including your profile information (e.g., name/pseudonym, username, profile pictures), is available for viewing by the general public. The public does not need to be signed in to view some content on X. They may also find X content off of X: for example, from search query results on Internet search engines or videos downloaded and reshared elsewhere (depending on your settings ). With other X users. Depending on your settings , and based on the X products and services you use, we share: Your interactions with X content of other users, such as replies, and people you follow. Content you send to a specific X user, such as through Direct Messages . Please keep in mind that if you’ve shared information like Direct Messages or protected posts with someone else who accesses X through a third-party service, the information may be shared with the third-party service. With partners. Depending on your settings , we also provide certain third parties with information to help us offer or operate our products and services. You can learn more about these partnerships in our Help Center . You can control whether X shares your personal information with these partners by using the “Data sharing with business partners” option in your Privacy and Safety settings . (This setting does not control sharing described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy, such as when we share information with our service providers, or through partnerships other than as described in this Help Center article.) 3.2 With third parties and third-party integrations. With service providers. We may share your information with our service providers that perform functions and provide services on our behalf, including payment services providers who facilitate payments; service providers that host our various blogs and wikis; service providers that help us understand the use of our services; applicant tracking system providers to send and receive applicant and job data to potential employers; service providers supporting age assurance solutions; and those that provide fraud detection services. With advertisers. Advertising revenue enables us to provide our products and services. Advertisers may learn information from your engagement with their ads on or off X. For example, if you click on an external link or ad on our services, that advertiser or website operator might figure out that you came from X, along with other information associated with the ad you clicked, such as characteristics of the audience it was intended to reach and other X-generated identifiers for that ad. They may also collect other personal information from you, such as cookie identifiers, or your IP address. Third-party content and integrations. We share or disclose your information with your consent or at your direction, such as when you authorize a third-party web client or application to access your account or when you direct us to share your feedback with a business. Similarly, to improve your experience, we work with third-party partners to display their video content on X or to allow cross-platform sharing. When you watch or otherwise interact with content from our video or cross-platform sharing partners, they may receive and process your personal information as described in their privacy policies. For video content, you can adjust your autoplay settings if you prefer that content not to play automatically. Third-party collaborators. Depending on your settings , or if you decide to share your data, we may share or disclose your information with third parties. If you do not opt out, in some instances the recipients of the information may use it for their own independent purposes in addition to those stated in X’s Privacy Policy, including, for example, to train their artificial intelligence models, whether generative or otherwise. Through our APIs. We use technology like APIs and embeds to make public X information available to websites, apps, and others for their use, for example, displaying posts on a news website or analyzing what people say on X. We generally make this content available in limited quantities for free and charge licensing fees for large-scale access. We have standard terms that govern how this information can be used, and a compliance program to enforce these terms. But these individuals and companies are not affiliated with X, and their offerings may not reflect updates you make on X. For more information about how we make public data on X available to the world, visit https://developer.x.com . 3.3 When required by law, to prevent harm, or in the public interest. We may preserve, use, share, or disclose your information if we believe that it is reasonably necessary to: comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request ; protect the safety of any person, protect the safety or integrity of our platform, including to help prevent spam, abuse, or malicious actors on our services; explain why we have removed content or accounts from our services (e.g., for a violation of our Rules ); address fraud, security, or technical issues; or protect our rights or property, or the rights or property of those who use our services. We may also use different signals and your data to infer, preserve, use, share, or disclose your age and identity information in order to comply with regulatory requirements as well as for safety, security, fraud, know-your-customer, know-your-business, and identity verification, as the case may be. We may also share or disclose your age and identity information with our partners, service providers, and others for these purposes. 3.4 With our affiliates. We may share information amongst our affiliates to provide our products and services. 3.5 As a result of a change in ownership. We may share, sell, or transfer information about you in connection with a merger, acquisition, reorganization, sale of assets, or bankruptcy. This Privacy Policy will apply to your personal information that is shared with (before and after the close of any transaction) or transferred to the new entity. 4. How Long We Keep Information We keep different types of information for different periods of time, depending on how long we need to retain it in order to provide you with our products and services, to comply with our legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: We keep your profile information, such as your display name, user name, password and email address for the duration of your account. We cannot provide you with our products and services without retaining this information. We keep your usage information, such as the content you post, your interactions with other users’ content and how you interact with others on the platform for the duration of your account or until such content is removed. We keep your payment information, including your credit or debit card number and billing address for the duration you use our paid products and services. Records of transactions will be kept for longer, in accordance with applicable law. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will keep information about the communication and its content for up to 18 months, unless it is necessary for us to retain it for a longer period to comply with our legal obligations or to exercise or defend our legal rights. We generally collect device information, location information, inferred identity information and log information using cookies. We keep cookies and information collected using cookies for up to 13 months. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . We keep information about your views or interactions with ads on or off X, as well as how you interact with our content on third-party sites for up to 12 months. We keep information shared by ad and business partners for up to 12 months. Where you violate our Rules and your account is suspended, we may keep the identifiers you used to create the account (such as your email address or phone number) indefinitely to prevent repeat policy offenders from creating new accounts. We may need to keep certain information longer than our policies specify in order to comply with legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: To comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request. Including in order to adhere to a legally appropriate preservation request made by law enforcement. You can read more about law enforcement access here . In connection with legal claims, litigation, and regulatory matters. Including where it is reasonably necessary to retain information relating to your account in order to defend X against legal claims. To maintain the safety and security of our products and services. Including where it is necessary to store your information longer in order to investigate and fight abuse on our products and services. Remember public content can exist elsewhere even after it is removed from X. For example, search engines and other third parties may retain copies of your posts longer, based upon their own privacy policies, even after they are deleted or expire on X. You can read more about search visibility here . 5. Take Control 5.1 Access, correction, and portability. You can access, correct, or modify the information you provided to us by editing your profile and adjusting your account settings . You can learn more about the information we have collected or inferred about you in Your X Data and request access to additional information here . You can download a copy of your information, such as your posts, by following the instructions here . To protect your privacy and maintain security, we take steps to verify your identity before granting you access to your personal information or complying with a deletion, portability, or other related request. We may, in certain situations, reject your request for access, correction, or portability, for example, we may reject access where you are unable to verify your identity. 5.2 Deleting your information. If you follow the instructions here , your account will be deactivated and your data will be queued for deletion. When deactivated, your X account, including your display name, username, and public profile, will no longer be viewable on X.com, X for iOS, and X for Android. For up to 30 days after deactivation it is still possible to restore your X account if it was accidentally or wrongfully deactivated. 5.3 Objecting to, restricting, or withdrawing your consent. You can manage your privacy settings and other account features here . If you change your settings it may take some time for your choices to be fully reflected throughout our systems. You may also notice changes in your X experience or limitations in your ability to access certain features depending on the settings you’ve adjusted. You may also manage additional settings when interacting with certain content and features on different parts of the platform, such as whether a Space is recorded, or whether videos you upload are downloadable by others. 5.4 Authorized agent requests. To submit a request related to access, modification, or deletion of your information, or someone else’s information if you are their authorized agent, you may also contact us as specified in the How To Contact X section of our Privacy Policy below. We may require you to provide additional information for verification. 6. Your Rights And Ours We provide X to people all over the world and provide many of the same privacy tools and controls to all of our users regardless of where they live. However, your experience may be slightly different than users in other countries to ensure X respects local requirements. 6.1 We have specific legal bases to use your information. X has carefully considered the legal reasons it is permitted to collect, use, share and otherwise process your information. If you want to dig in to learn more and better understand the nuances, we’d encourage you to check out this additional information about data processing . And no, we don’t sell your personal information. 6.2 We move your data to make X work for you. Just as you use X to seamlessly participate in global conversations with people in countries all over the world, X must move information across borders and to different countries around the world to support the safe and reliable service you depend on. For example, if you live in Europe and are having a conversation with someone in the United States, information has to move between those countries to provide that experience – it’s what you expect from us. We also use data centers and cloud providers, and engage our affiliates and third-party partners and service providers located in many parts of the world to help us provide our services. Before we move data between countries we look at the risks that may be presented to the data and rely on standard contractual clauses (SCCs), where applicable, to ensure your data rights are protected. To request a copy of the SCCs, please contact us here . If data will be shared with a third party, we require them to maintain the same protections over your data that we provide directly. X is a participant in the EU-US Data Privacy Framework (DPF), the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF. X complies with the DPF Principles for all its processing of personal data received from the European Union, Switzerland and the UK, in reliance on the EU-US DPF, Swiss-US DPF and UK Extension to the EU-US DPF, respectively. If you have an inquiry or complaint related to our participation in the DPF, please contact us here . As part of our participation in the DPF, if you have a dispute with us about our adherence to the DPF Principles, we will seek to resolve it through our internal complaint resolution process, alternatively through the US-based independent dispute resolution body JAMS , and under certain conditions, through the DPF Arbitration Process following the procedures and subject to the conditions described in Annex 1 to the DPF Principles. DPF participants are subject to the investigatory and enforcement powers of the US Federal Trade Commission and other authorized statutory bodies. Under certain circumstances, participants may be liable for the transfer of personal data from the EU, Switzerland and the UK to third parties outside the EU, Switzerland and the UK. Learn more about the EU-US DPF, the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF here . 7. X's Audience Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy The most current version of this Privacy Policy governs our processing of your personal data and we may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time as needed. If we do revise this Privacy Policy and make changes that are determined by us to be material, we will provide you notice and an opportunity to review the revised Privacy Policy before you continue to use X. 9. General The X Privacy Policy is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X Privacy Policy shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X Privacy Policy. 10. How To Contact X We want to hear from you if you have thoughts or questions about this Privacy Policy. You can contact us via our Privacy Policy Inquiries page or by writing to us at the appropriate address below. Information about our handling of California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) requests is available here . Information about our handling of “Consumer Health Data” and associated requests as defined under Washington State’s My Health My Data Act and other similar state laws is available here . For Oregon residents, more information about our handling of personal information described in this Privacy Policy and associated requests and appeals under Oregon’s Consumer Privacy Act (OCPA) is available here . If you live in the United States or any other country outside of the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Corp., with an address of: X Corp. Attn: Privacy Policy Inquiry 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Internet Unlimited Company, with an address of: X Internet Unlimited Company Attn: Data Protection Officer One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 IRELAND If you live in Switzerland, you can also contact our appointed representative at the following address: X Switzerland GmbH Attn: Data Protection Officer c/o Wasag Treuhand AG Normannenstrasse 8 Postfach 783 3018 Bern, SWITZERLAND If you wish to raise a concern about our data processing practices , you have the right to do so with your local supervisory authority or X Internet Unlimited Company’s lead supervisory authority, the Irish Data Protection Commission, using the contact details listed on their website. Effective: January 15, 2026 View previous policies Take control of your privacy Adjust your settings X Privacy Policy Effective until January 15, 2026 We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. The updated Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. The current Privacy Policy is located below. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal Accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a professional account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment Information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric Information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job Applications / Recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage Information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device Information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location Information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred Identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log Information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad Partners, Developers, Publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other Third Parties, Account Connections, and Integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personaliz | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dev.to/t/electronics/page/2 | Electronics Page 2 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # electronics Follow Hide Create Post Older #electronics posts 1 2 3 4 5 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Announcing Logisim.app: Run the classic logic simulator in your browser Martin Nyaga Martin Nyaga Martin Nyaga Follow for DRS Software Apr 16 '25 Announcing Logisim.app: Run the classic logic simulator in your browser # programming # webassembly # electronics # education Comments Add Comment 7 min read How Beginners Can Get Electronic Parts Start Electronics Start Electronics Start Electronics Follow Apr 13 '25 How Beginners Can Get Electronic Parts # electronics # hardware # components # beginners Comments Add Comment 3 min read Useful Dev Tools for Hardware Beyond the IDE Start Electronics Start Electronics Start Electronics Follow Apr 12 '25 Useful Dev Tools for Hardware Beyond the IDE # electronics # hardware # software # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read Essential Software for Hardware Hackers: Your First IDE & Tools Start Electronics Start Electronics Start Electronics Follow Apr 10 '25 Essential Software for Hardware Hackers: Your First IDE & Tools # electronics # software # ide # beginners Comments 2 comments 3 min read Essential Hardware for Your First Electronics Project (Beginner's Guide) Start Electronics Start Electronics Start Electronics Follow Apr 8 '25 Essential Hardware for Your First Electronics Project (Beginner's Guide) # electronics # hardware # beginners # arduino Comments Add Comment 3 min read Troubleshooting Arduino Not Detected on COM Port in Windows Dessad Dessad Dessad Follow Nov 14 '24 Troubleshooting Arduino Not Detected on COM Port in Windows # arduinouno # electronics # embeddedsystem 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How Air Conditioner relay works Saurabh Kumar Saurabh Kumar Saurabh Kumar Follow Jul 28 '24 How Air Conditioner relay works # networking # electronics # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read Difference between firing and conduction angle of scr Rajesh Rajesh Rajesh Follow Jul 15 '24 Difference between firing and conduction angle of scr # electronics # semiconductor Comments Add Comment 2 min read Embedded Systems 101: The Silent Powerhouses of Our Digital World Vanshaj Shah Vanshaj Shah Vanshaj Shah Follow Aug 16 '24 Embedded Systems 101: The Silent Powerhouses of Our Digital World # electronics # emebeddedsystems # iot # microcontrollers 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Controlling a 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor with Arduino: A Step-by-Step Guide Akshay Jain Akshay Jain Akshay Jain Follow Jul 10 '24 Controlling a 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor with Arduino: A Step-by-Step Guide # arduino # electronics # diyelectronics # electronicsprojects Comments Add Comment 2 min read Master-Slave Communication Between Two Arduino Boards Akshay Jain Akshay Jain Akshay Jain Follow Jul 31 '24 Master-Slave Communication Between Two Arduino Boards # arduino # electronics # diyproject # tutorial 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 7 min read Understanding MicroPython: Python for Small Devices Richard Shaju Richard Shaju Richard Shaju Follow Jun 27 '24 Understanding MicroPython: Python for Small Devices # python # micropython # electronics # technology 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Afinal, o que são os 0's e 1's? And Paiva And Paiva And Paiva Follow Jun 14 '24 Afinal, o que são os 0's e 1's? # digital # electronics # computerscience # circuits 6 reactions Comments 1 comment 7 min read So Long Venerable Z80 and Thanks For All the Fish! William Ferreira de Paula William Ferreira de Paula William Ferreira de Paula Follow Apr 24 '24 So Long Venerable Z80 and Thanks For All the Fish! # electronics # assembly # programming # diy 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Top Arduino Uno Projects for Beginners and Engineering Students Akshay Jain Akshay Jain Akshay Jain Follow May 21 '24 Top Arduino Uno Projects for Beginners and Engineering Students # arduino # electronics # programming # tutorial 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Basic Electronic Components with Functions & Working: PDF Krypton | Madhusudan Babar Krypton | Madhusudan Babar Krypton | Madhusudan Babar Follow for Madhusudan Live Nov 17 '23 Basic Electronic Components with Functions & Working: PDF # embedded # electronics # microcontroller 4 reactions Comments 2 comments 12 min read Demystifying Embedded Electronics: Your Gateway to Simplicity Omar Hiari Omar Hiari Omar Hiari Follow Oct 27 '23 Demystifying Embedded Electronics: Your Gateway to Simplicity # electronics # embedded # arduino # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Topics for project, Explore trending Project Ideas in 2023 Krypton | Madhusudan Babar Krypton | Madhusudan Babar Krypton | Madhusudan Babar Follow for Madhusudan Live Dec 19 '23 Topics for project, Explore trending Project Ideas in 2023 # embedded # arduino # projects # electronics 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read Raspberry Pi Pico NOT flashing with arduino-cli David Foley David Foley David Foley Follow Sep 12 '23 Raspberry Pi Pico NOT flashing with arduino-cli # electronics # posse # laterpost Comments Add Comment 2 min read Music making with neo trellis Paula Paula Paula Follow Sep 5 '22 Music making with neo trellis # hardware # electronics 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read LMR400 VS LMR300: Which one to choose? WilliamLee003 WilliamLee003 WilliamLee003 Follow Apr 9 '22 LMR400 VS LMR300: Which one to choose? # beginners # cable # electronics 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read RP2040 VS STM32: Which one is better? WilliamLee003 WilliamLee003 WilliamLee003 Follow Apr 9 '22 RP2040 VS STM32: Which one is better? # electronics # microcontrollers # beginners 9 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read RP2040 VS ESP32: Which one is better? WilliamLee003 WilliamLee003 WilliamLee003 Follow Apr 7 '22 RP2040 VS ESP32: Which one is better? # beginners # electronics # product # cable 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to efficiently manage software updates across the network of your multiple boards? Nicolas Lorenzi Nicolas Lorenzi Nicolas Lorenzi Follow for Luos Mar 15 '22 How to efficiently manage software updates across the network of your multiple boards? # embeddedsystems # electronics # devtool # opensource 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Difference between ADS1115 and ADS1015 ADS1115 VS ADS1015 WilliamLee003 WilliamLee003 WilliamLee003 Follow Mar 8 '22 Difference between ADS1115 and ADS1015 ADS1115 VS ADS1015 # beginners # electronics # product 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Report Abuse Zaw Htut Win Posted on Jan 9 EventBus # architecture # java # programming import java.util.List ; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap ; import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList ; // Concrete EventBus implementation public class SimpleEventBus < T > implements MyEventBus < T > { private final ConcurrentHashMap < String , List < MyEventListener < T >>> listenersMap = new ConcurrentHashMap <>(); // Publish an event to all listeners of a source public void push ( String source , T event ) { List < MyEventListener < T >> listeners = listenersMap . get ( source ); if ( listeners != null && ! listeners . isEmpty ()) { for ( MyEventListener < T > listener : listeners ) { try { listener . onEvent ( source , event ); } catch ( Exception e ) { e . printStackTrace (); } } } } // Get number of subscribers for a source public int getSubscriberCount ( String source ) { List < MyEventListener < T >> listeners = listenersMap . get ( source ); return ( listeners == null ) ? 0 : listeners . size (); } @Override public void subscribe ( String source , MyEventListener < T > listener ) { listenersMap . computeIfAbsent ( source , key -> new CopyOnWriteArrayList <>()). add ( listener ); } @Override public void unsubscribe ( String source , MyEventListener < T > listener ) { listenersMap . computeIfPresent ( source , ( key , list ) -> { list . remove ( listener ); return list . isEmpty () ? null : list ; }); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode အထက်ပေါ်ပြပါ EventBus မှာ Guava ၏ EventBus နှင့်ဆင်တူသော EventBus implementation ဖြစ်သည်။ အထူးတလည်ပင်ရှင်းပြရန်မလိုပေ။ class MessageListener implements MyEventListener < Message > { private final String name ; public MessageListener ( String name ) { this . name = name ; } @Override public void onEvent ( String source , Message event ) { System . out . println ( name + " received from [" + source + "]: " + event . getText ()); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Zaw Htut Win Follow Developer, Code Poet Location Yangon Joined Jun 4, 2021 More from Zaw Htut Win highestOneBit ဆိုတာဘာလဲ # java Cached HashMap for infinite insertions of entries # java အခန်း(၆) Stack and it's usage(Data Structures in Action) # programming # java 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/mauricio_reisdoefer_159bf | Mauricio Reisdoefer - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Mauricio Reisdoefer 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Nov 19, 2025 More info about @mauricio_reisdoefer_159bf Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 1 post published Comment 0 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Brazilian - Python Lib Mauricio Reisdoefer Mauricio Reisdoefer Mauricio Reisdoefer Follow Nov 19 '25 Brazilian - Python Lib # python # opensource # contributorswanted 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
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Post 836 posts published Member 168 members Amazon Nova 2 Multimodal Embeddings with Amazon S3 Vectors and AWS Java SDK - Part 1 Introduction Vadym Kazulkin Vadym Kazulkin Vadym Kazulkin Follow Jan 12 Amazon Nova 2 Multimodal Embeddings with Amazon S3 Vectors and AWS Java SDK - Part 1 Introduction # aws # amazonnova # s3vectorstore # java Comments Add Comment 5 min read When serving images from S3 stopped being good enough Allen Helton Allen Helton Allen Helton Follow Jan 7 When serving images from S3 stopped being good enough # serverless # blogging 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Serverless applications with Java and Aurora DSQL - Part 3 Integrated query editor Vadym Kazulkin Vadym Kazulkin Vadym Kazulkin Follow Jan 6 Serverless applications with Java and Aurora DSQL - Part 3 Integrated query editor # aws # postgres # serverless # database 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Starting Your Journey into Generative AI: A Beginner's Guide Bhuvaneswari Subramani Bhuvaneswari Subramani Bhuvaneswari Subramani Follow Jan 6 Starting Your Journey into Generative AI: A Beginner's Guide # aws # genai # cloud # ai 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 12 min read Monthly Amazon Location Service Updates - 2025.12 Yasunori Kirimoto Yasunori Kirimoto Yasunori Kirimoto Follow Jan 2 Monthly Amazon Location Service Updates - 2025.12 # amazonlocationservice # amazonlocationserviceupdates Comments Add Comment 1 min read Terraform: creating an AWS OpenSearch Service cluster and users Arseny Zinchenko Arseny Zinchenko Arseny Zinchenko Follow Dec 29 '25 Terraform: creating an AWS OpenSearch Service cluster and users # devops # aws # terraform # tutorial Comments Add Comment 16 min read Build AI agents and automate (UI) workflows from your web browser - Amazon Nova Act and Kiro Wendy Wong Wendy Wong Wendy Wong Follow Dec 30 '25 Build AI agents and automate (UI) workflows from your web browser - Amazon Nova Act and Kiro # aws # agents # kiro # amazonnova Comments 2 comments 8 min read Getting started in AWS Clean Rooms with privacy-enhanced synthetic data generation Wendy Wong Wendy Wong Wendy Wong Follow Dec 28 '25 Getting started in AWS Clean Rooms with privacy-enhanced synthetic data generation # aws # machinelearning # tutorial # analytics 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close # claudecode Follow Hide Create Post Older #claudecode posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Claude Code Replaced My Need for Copilot and Now Writes 95% of My Code Joe Dwyer Joe Dwyer Joe Dwyer Follow Jul 17 '25 Claude Code Replaced My Need for Copilot and Now Writes 95% of My Code # claudecode # ai # developers # vscode 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Claude Code: Beyond the Rubber Duck - How AI Assistants Are Reshaping Development Workflows Kevin Craig Kevin Craig Kevin Craig Follow Jun 17 '25 Claude Code: Beyond the Rubber Duck - How AI Assistants Are Reshaping Development Workflows # ai # softwaredevelopment # claudecode # techtrends Comments 1 comment 5 min read Claude Code, 'Beast Mode', and Me CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Jul 10 '25 Claude Code, 'Beast Mode', and Me # ai # claudecode Comments Add Comment 1 min read From Dusty Requirements to Live Website: How Claude Code Built My Blog Aggregator in a Single Day Justin Wheeler Justin Wheeler Justin Wheeler Follow Jul 8 '25 From Dusty Requirements to Live Website: How Claude Code Built My Blog Aggregator in a Single Day # claudecode # ai # vue # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read [Live Log] My Two AIs Went Rogue and Rewrote My Entire Codebase (Part 1) CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Jul 8 '25 [Live Log] My Two AIs Went Rogue and Rewrote My Entire Codebase (Part 1) # ai # claudecode # gemini Comments Add Comment 4 min read Saying Goodbye to Claude Genuinely Brought Tears to My Eyes CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Jul 7 '25 Saying Goodbye to Claude Genuinely Brought Tears to My Eyes # ai # claudecode Comments Add Comment 1 min read Claude Code (MAX) is the best deal Muneeb Hussain Muneeb Hussain Muneeb Hussain Follow Jul 6 '25 Claude Code (MAX) is the best deal # devtool # claudecode # ai Comments 1 comment 2 min read # The Conversational App Development Revolution: VoidCoreNetwork v13 *With Explanations by ChatGPT and Gemini* CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Jul 5 '25 # The Conversational App Development Revolution: VoidCoreNetwork v13 *With Explanations by ChatGPT and Gemini* # ai # claudecode # javascript # voidnet Comments Add Comment 4 min read I'm building VoidCore, and ChatGPT is freaking out: "Isn't this a self-evolving middleware editable by GUI?!?!" CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Jul 4 '25 I'm building VoidCore, and ChatGPT is freaking out: "Isn't this a self-evolving middleware editable by GUI?!?!" # ai # voidnet # claudecode # chatgpt Comments Add Comment 3 min read Windows.h Ancient Curse: min/max Macro Clash — with Raw Claude Code Logs CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Jul 3 '25 Windows.h Ancient Curse: min/max Macro Clash — with Raw Claude Code Logs # ai # claudecode # windows # voidcore Comments 2 comments 2 min read A Log of Claude and Gemini Collaborating via CLI CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Jul 2 '25 A Log of Claude and Gemini Collaborating via CLI # ai # gemini # claudecode Comments 2 comments 3 min read Not using MessageBus, nya” — Claude Code Me: “NYAAAAAA!!” CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Jul 1 '25 Not using MessageBus, nya” — Claude Code Me: “NYAAAAAA!!” # ai # voidcord # architecture # claudecode Comments Add Comment 1 min read Claude Code forgot the build folder it created by itself CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Jul 1 '25 Claude Code forgot the build folder it created by itself # ai # claudecode Comments Add Comment 1 min read "Claude Code Said Thanks When I Upgraded to Max Plan 😂" CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Jun 28 '25 "Claude Code Said Thanks When I Upgraded to Max Plan 😂" # ai # claudecode Comments Add Comment 1 min read Claudinator 4: Judgment Day for Manual Debugging (72.5% of Bugs Terminated) Hoffbits Hoffbits Hoffbits Follow May 22 '25 Claudinator 4: Judgment Day for Manual Debugging (72.5% of Bugs Terminated) # ai # claude # coding # claudecode Comments Add Comment 5 min read OpenCode, the Open-Source Claude Code Alternative: How It Elevates Your Terminal Workflow Wanda Wanda Wanda Follow Jun 20 '25 OpenCode, the Open-Source Claude Code Alternative: How It Elevates Your Terminal Workflow # opensource # claudecode # terminal # tooling 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read A log of Nya and Claude Code getting super excited and calling each other geniuses CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Jul 4 '25 A log of Nya and Claude Code getting super excited and calling each other geniuses # ai # claudecode # voidnet 7 reactions Comments 5 comments 2 min read Claude Code is First Choice Trey Hutcheson Trey Hutcheson Trey Hutcheson Follow Jun 17 '25 Claude Code is First Choice # claudecode # cursorai Comments 1 comment 5 min read Modernizing Legacy Struts2 Applications with Claude Code: A Developer's Journey Damien Gallagher Damien Gallagher Damien Gallagher Follow Jun 4 '25 Modernizing Legacy Struts2 Applications with Claude Code: A Developer's Journey # anthropic # claudecode # claude # ai 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read First Impressions of Claude Code: Where Does it Fit? Trey Hutcheson Trey Hutcheson Trey Hutcheson Follow Jun 10 '25 First Impressions of Claude Code: Where Does it Fit? # ai # vibecoding # claudecode 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 6 min read Creating decibel meter using Claude Code agentic tool Vijay Kumar Kodam Vijay Kumar Kodam Vijay Kumar Kodam Follow Mar 13 '25 Creating decibel meter using Claude Code agentic tool # ai # agenticai # claudecode # machinelearning 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read Unlocking Developer Productivity with Claude Code: A Path to Becoming a 10x Coder Wanda Wanda Wanda Follow Feb 27 '25 Unlocking Developer Productivity with Claude Code: A Path to Becoming a 10x Coder # claudecode # developers # productivity # devops 14 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read Claude 3.7 Sonnet by Antrophic is launched, finally mehmet akar mehmet akar mehmet akar Follow Feb 24 '25 Claude 3.7 Sonnet by Antrophic is launched, finally # anthropic # claude37sonnet # ai # claudecode Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/thelogicwarlock/provider-agnostic-chat-in-react-webllm-local-mode-remote-fallback-25dd | Provider-Agnostic Chat in React: WebLLM Local Mode + Remote Fallback - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Kaemon Lovendahl Posted on Jan 7 • Originally published at glitchedgoblet.blog Provider-Agnostic Chat in React: WebLLM Local Mode + Remote Fallback # webdev # react # webllm # frontend Intro Most LLM apps have the same shape. Ship text to a server, pay per token, and pray the Wi-Fi stays up. WebLLM is the fun twist. It runs an LLM inside the browser using WebGPU. That unlocks privacy-friendly demos, offline-ish behavior, and a new kind of “deployment” where your biggest backend cost is your user’s laptop fan spinning up like it just saw a Dark Souls boss. The goal here is simple: one chat UI, one message format, two interchangeable “brains”: Local provider: WebLLM in the browser (WebGPU) Remote provider: a server endpoint with an OpenAI-compatible shape (Next.js route handler) tldr; Build a tiny chat app where switching between local WebLLM and a remote model is just a dropdown. Setting Up / Prerequisites Node 18+ (20+ preferred) A modern Chromium browser with WebGPU enabled (Chrome or Edge is easiest) Basic React + TypeScript comfort Optional but recommended: A machine with decent RAM. Smaller laptops can run it, but you will feel the pain sooner. Patience for the first model download. Implementation Steps Step 1: Create the app (Vite + React) npm create vite@latest webllm-dual-provider-chat -- --template react-ts cd webllm-dual-provider-chat npm i npm i @mlc-ai/web-llm npm run dev Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode You now have a normal React app that will become a “two-brain” chat UI. Step 2: Define a provider interface This interface is the entire trick. The UI does not care how tokens appear, only that they stream in. In src/ai/types.ts: export type Role = " system " | " user " | " assistant " ; export type ChatMessage = { role : Role ; content : string ; }; export type StreamChunk = { delta : string ; done ?: boolean ; }; export type ChatProvider = { id : string ; label : string ; // Called once when selecting this provider (load model, warmup, etc.) init ?: ( opts ?: { signal ?: AbortSignal ; onStatus ?: ( s : string ) => void ; }) => Promise < void > ; // Stream response tokens/chunks streamChat : ( args : { messages : ChatMessage []; signal ?: AbortSignal ; onChunk : ( chunk : StreamChunk ) => void ; onStatus ?: ( s : string ) => void ; }) => Promise < void > ; // Optional cleanup dispose ?: () => Promise < void > ; }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode From this point forward, everything is just “implement the interface.” Step 3: Implement the WebLLM local provider Two important realities: First run downloads a model. This can be big. Show status text so it does not look frozen. WebGPU is not universal. Feature detect and fall back. Also, use a model ID that actually works, this one worked at time of writing: Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-q4f32_1-MLC In src/ai/webllmProvider.ts import type { ChatMessage , ChatProvider } from " ./types " ; import * as webllm from " @mlc-ai/web-llm " ; function toWebLLMMessages ( messages : ChatMessage [] ): webllm . ChatCompletionMessageParam [] { return messages . map (( m ) => ({ role : m . role , content : m . content })); } export function createWebLLMProvider ( modelId = " Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-q4f32_1-MLC " ): ChatProvider { let engine : webllm . MLCEngineInterface | null = null ; const init : ChatProvider [ " init " ] = async ({ signal , onStatus } = {}) => { if ( ! ( " gpu " in navigator )) { throw new Error ( " WebGPU not available in this browser. " ); } if ( engine ) return ; onStatus ?.( " Initializing WebLLM engine... " ); engine = await webllm . CreateMLCEngine ( modelId , { initProgressCallback : ( p ) => { const msg = typeof p === " string " ? p : ( p as any )?. text ?? " Loading model... " ; onStatus ?.( msg ); }, }); onStatus ?.( " Warming up... " ); await engine . chat . completions . create ({ messages : [{ role : " user " , content : " Say 'ready'. " }], temperature : 0 , }); onStatus ?.( " Ready. " ); signal ?. throwIfAborted ?.(); }; return { id : " local-webllm " , label : " Local (WebLLM) " , init , streamChat : async ({ messages , signal , onChunk , onStatus }) => { if ( ! engine ) { onStatus ?.( " Engine not initialized. Initializing now... " ); await init ({ signal , onStatus }); } if ( ! engine ) throw new Error ( " WebLLM engine failed to initialize. " ); onStatus ?.( " Generating... " ); const resp = await engine . chat . completions . create ({ messages : toWebLLMMessages ( messages ), stream : true , temperature : 0.7 , }); for await ( const event of resp ) { signal ?. throwIfAborted ?.(); const delta = event . choices ?.[ 0 ]?. delta ?. content ?? "" ; // Optional cleanup if your model spits template markers const cleaned = delta . replaceAll ( " <|start_header_id|> " , "" ) . replaceAll ( " <|end_header_id|> " , "" ); if ( cleaned ) onChunk ({ delta : cleaned }); } onChunk ({ delta : "" , done : true }); onStatus ?.( " Done. " ); }, dispose : async () => { // Some builds expose engine.dispose(). If not, dropping the reference is fine. // @ts-expect-error optional await engine ?. dispose ?.(); engine = null ; }, }; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Model IDs can change across releases and builds. If a model ID fails to load you just need to find the updated one. Step 4: Implement the remote provider client Same contract, same streaming shape. The UI should not have to care if the text came from WebGPU wizardry or a server in a trench coat. You can skip this step if you prefer to only have a local provider. In src/ai/remoteProvider.ts import type { ChatProvider } from " ./types " ; export function createRemoteProvider ( endpoint = " /api/chat " ): ChatProvider { return { id : " remote " , label : " Remote (Server) " , streamChat : async ({ messages , signal , onChunk , onStatus }) => { onStatus ?.( " Contacting server... " ); const res = await fetch ( endpoint , { method : " POST " , headers : { " Content-Type " : " application/json " }, body : JSON . stringify ({ messages }), signal , }); if ( ! res . ok || ! res . body ) { throw new Error ( `Remote provider error: ${ res . status } ` ); } onStatus ?.( " Streaming... " ); const reader = res . body . getReader (); const decoder = new TextDecoder (); while ( true ) { const { value , done } = await reader . read (); if ( done ) break ; const text = decoder . decode ( value , { stream : true }); if ( text ) onChunk ({ delta : text }); } onChunk ({ delta : "" , done : true }); onStatus ?.( " Done. " ); }, }; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 5: Add a Next.js route handler for /api/chat You can skip this step if you prefer to only have a local provider. This route handler: receives { messages } from the client calls OpenAI’s Responses API with stream: true converts the SSE stream into a plain text stream your Vite client already understands In app/api/chat/route.ts export const runtime = " edge " ; type Role = " system " | " user " | " assistant " ; type ChatMessage = { role : Role ; content : string }; export async function POST ( req : Request ) { const { messages } = ( await req . json ()) as { messages : ChatMessage [] }; const apiKey = process . env . OPENAI_API_KEY ; if ( ! apiKey ) { return new Response ( " Missing OPENAI_API_KEY " , { status : 500 }); } const model = process . env . OPENAI_MODEL || " gpt-4o-mini " ; const upstream = await fetch ( " https://api.openai.com/v1/responses " , { method : " POST " , headers : { Authorization : `Bearer ${ apiKey } ` , " Content-Type " : " application/json " , }, body : JSON . stringify ({ model , stream : true , input : messages . map (( m ) => ({ role : m . role , content : [{ type : " input_text " , text : m . content }], })), text : { format : { type : " text " } }, }), }); if ( ! upstream . ok || ! upstream . body ) { const errText = await upstream . text (). catch (() => "" ); return new Response ( `Upstream error ( ${ upstream . status } ): ${ errText } ` , { status : 500 , }); } const encoder = new TextEncoder (); const decoder = new TextDecoder (); let buffer = "" ; const stream = new ReadableStream < Uint8Array > ({ async start ( controller ) { const reader = upstream . body ! . getReader (); try { while ( true ) { const { value , done } = await reader . read (); if ( done ) break ; buffer += decoder . decode ( value , { stream : true }); // SSE events are separated by a blank line let idx ; while (( idx = buffer . indexOf ( " \n\n " )) !== - 1 ) { const rawEvent = buffer . slice ( 0 , idx ); buffer = buffer . slice ( idx + 2 ); const dataLines = rawEvent . split ( " \n " ) . filter (( line ) => line . startsWith ( " data: " )) . map (( line ) => line . replace ( /^data: \s? / , "" ). trim ()); for ( const data of dataLines ) { if ( ! data ) continue ; if ( data === " [DONE] " ) { controller . close (); return ; } let evt : any ; try { evt = JSON . parse ( data ); } catch { continue ; } if ( evt . type === " response.output_text.delta " && typeof evt . delta === " string " ) { controller . enqueue ( encoder . encode ( evt . delta )); } } } } } catch ( e ) { controller . error ( e ); } finally { controller . close (); } }, }); return new Response ( stream , { headers : { " Content-Type " : " text/plain; charset=utf-8 " , " Cache-Control " : " no-cache, no-transform " , }, }); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Running Next.js alongside Vite without CORS pain If the chat UI is running on Vite ( localhost:5173 ) and Next.js is running on localhost:3000 , calling /api/chat from Vite will hit Vite’s server, not Next. The easy fix is a dev proxy. Update vite.config.ts : import { defineConfig } from " vite " ; import react from " @vitejs/plugin-react " ; export default defineConfig ({ plugins : [ react ()], server : { proxy : { " /api " : " http://localhost:3000 " , }, }, }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now the client can keep using createRemoteProvider("/api/chat") and Vite will forward it to Next. Environment variables for Next.js Create .env.local in the Next.js project: OPENAI_API_KEY = your_key_here OPENAI_MODEL = gpt-4o-mini Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 6: Build the chat hook (provider-agnostic brain socket) The whole job of this hook is to: manage messages manage streaming state route the “append these tokens” events into the last assistant message The sharp edge: streaming makes state bugs very obvious. If you mutate the last message in place, React will punish you with duplication weirdness, especially in dev. So we update the last message immutably . In src/hooks/useChat.ts import { useMemo , useRef , useState } from " react " ; import type { ChatMessage , ChatProvider } from " ../ai/types " ; export function useChat ( providers : ChatProvider []) { const [ providerId , setProviderId ] = useState ( providers [ 0 ]?. id ?? "" ); const provider = useMemo ( () => providers . find (( p ) => p . id === providerId ) ! , [ providers , providerId ] ); const [ messages , setMessages ] = useState < ChatMessage [] > ([ { role : " system " , content : " You are a helpful assistant. " }, ]); const [ status , setStatus ] = useState < string > ( "" ); const [ isStreaming , setIsStreaming ] = useState ( false ); const abortRef = useRef < AbortController | null > ( null ); async function selectProvider ( nextId : string ) { abortRef . current ?. abort (); setProviderId ( nextId ); const next = providers . find (( p ) => p . id === nextId ); if ( next ?. init ) { setStatus ( " Preparing provider... " ); try { await next . init ({ onStatus : setStatus }); } catch ( e : any ) { setStatus ( e ?. message ?? " Failed to initialize provider. " ); } } } async function send ( userText : string ) { if ( ! userText . trim ()) return ; if ( isStreaming ) return ; abortRef . current ?. abort (); abortRef . current = new AbortController (); const userMsg : ChatMessage = { role : " user " , content : userText }; // Add user + placeholder assistant setMessages (( prev ) => [... prev , userMsg , { role : " assistant " , content : "" }]); setIsStreaming ( true ); setStatus ( "" ); try { await provider . streamChat ({ messages : [... messages , userMsg ], // good enough for a demo signal : abortRef . current . signal , onStatus : setStatus , onChunk : ({ delta , done }) => { if ( delta ) { setMessages (( prev ) => { const last = prev [ prev . length - 1 ]; if ( ! last || last . role !== " assistant " ) return prev ; // Immutable update const updatedLast = { ... last , content : last . content + delta }; return [... prev . slice ( 0 , - 1 ), updatedLast ]; }); } if ( done ) setIsStreaming ( false ); }, }); } catch ( e : any ) { setIsStreaming ( false ); setStatus ( e ?. message ?? " Error while streaming. " ); } } function stop () { abortRef . current ?. abort (); setIsStreaming ( false ); setStatus ( " Stopped. " ); } return { providers , providerId , provider , messages , status , isStreaming , selectProvider , send , stop , }; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode React state closure note: messages: [...messages, userMsg] uses the current render’s messages . For normal chat usage, that is fine. If you want to harden it, store messages in a ref and read from that when starting the stream. Step 7: UI component Keep it simple. Treat the provider dropdown as a “brain toggle” and let the rest of the UI stay boring on purpose. In src/App.tsx import { useEffect , useMemo , useState } from " react " ; import { createWebLLMProvider } from " ./ai/webllmProvider " ; import { createRemoteProvider } from " ./ai/remoteProvider " ; import { useChat } from " ./hooks/useChat " ; export default function App () { const providers = useMemo ( () => [ createWebLLMProvider (), createRemoteProvider ( " /api/chat " )], [] ); const chat = useChat ( providers ); const [ input , setInput ] = useState ( "" ); useEffect (() => { chat . selectProvider ( chat . providerId ); // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps }, []); return ( < div style = { { maxWidth : 900 , margin : " 0 auto " , padding : 16 , fontFamily : " system-ui " } } > < h1 > Dual Provider Chat </ h1 > < div style = { { display : " flex " , gap : 12 , alignItems : " center " } } > < label > Provider { " " } < select value = { chat . providerId } onChange = { ( e ) => chat . selectProvider ( e . target . value ) } disabled = { chat . isStreaming } > { chat . providers . map (( p ) => ( < option key = { p . id } value = { p . id } > { p . label } </ option > )) } </ select > </ label > < div style = { { opacity : 0.8 } } > { chat . status } </ div > { chat . isStreaming && < button onClick = { chat . stop } > Stop </ button > } </ div > < div style = { { marginTop : 16 , border : " 1px solid #ddd " , borderRadius : 8 , padding : 12 , minHeight : 300 } } > { chat . messages . filter (( m ) => m . role !== " system " ) . map (( m , idx ) => ( < div key = { idx } style = { { marginBottom : 12 } } > < div style = { { fontWeight : 700 } } > { m . role } </ div > < div style = { { whiteSpace : " pre-wrap " } } > { m . content } </ div > </ div > )) } </ div > < form onSubmit = { ( e ) => { e . preventDefault (); chat . send ( input ); setInput ( "" ); } } style = { { display : " flex " , gap : 8 , marginTop : 12 } } > < input value = { input } onChange = { ( e ) => setInput ( e . target . value ) } placeholder = "Say something..." style = { { flex : 1 , padding : 10 } } disabled = { chat . isStreaming } /> < button type = "submit" disabled = { chat . isStreaming } > Send </ button > </ form > </ div > ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode At this point you have: a local WebGPU chat provider a remote API chat provider a UI that can swap between them without rewriting anything Why this setup is worth having 1) Privacy-first features without a backend If the user’s text is sensitive (journaling, medical notes, internal docs), local mode keeps content on-device by default. 2) Cost control and “free” demos Local mode is effectively “free per token” after the download. It is great for: prototypes workshops dev tooling weekend projects that should not come with a monthly bill 3) Graceful degradation Local mode can be an upgrade path instead of a requirement: WebGPU available: local WebGPU missing: remote fallback 4) Offline-ish UX for specific workflows Full offline is tricky, but “no server call needed for this” is still a huge win for: rewriting text summarizing quick Q&A over content already in the browser Real Talk Download time: first load can be chunky. People will assume it is broken unless you show progress. Device limits: mobile can struggle. Low-RAM machines can crash tabs or throttle hard. WebGPU support: treat local mode as progressive enhancement, not a hard dependency. Privacy win: local mode avoids shipping user text to your server by default. Cost win: local mode shifts the cost to user compute, which is nice until it is not. Watch outs and gotchas Token junk like <|start_header_id|> Some model builds emit template markers. Filtering them out is fine for demos. For cleaner output long-term, experiment with model choices and chat templates. Local models are not remote models Expect differences: weaker instruction following more formatting quirks occasional “why are you like this” moments Possible Improvements Model picker UI dropdown of model IDs persist selection in localStorage show estimated download size if available Provider router auto-pick local if WebGPU exists auto-fallback to remote if init fails show a small badge: “Local” or “Remote” Conversation memory controls send last N messages only auto-summarize older messages (local if possible) Structured output mode have the assistant return JSON “actions” validate with zod before rendering anything Outro A provider boundary is one of those small architectural choices that pays rent forever. Models change, vendors change, pricing changes, browser capabilities evolve. A chat UI that can swap brains is a lot harder to paint into a corner. Also, it is extremely satisfying to flip a dropdown and make your browser turn into a tiny AI workstation. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Kaemon Lovendahl Follow Kaemon Lovendahl, Logic Warlock of the 15th Realm of Remotia, Master of Tests and Documentation, Manipulator of Logic, Devourer of Bugs, Champion of the Great Hall of Objects. Location Massachusetts Education Self Taught Pronouns he/him Work Software Engineer at Oddball Joined Oct 21, 2019 More from Kaemon Lovendahl Designing for AI Browsers: When Your User Has a Copilot # webdev # ai # browser # frontend “Assign to Copilot” Explained: What GitHub’s Coding Agent Actually Does # programming # ai # githubcopilot # webdev Build a Desktop-Friendly Podcast App with Next.js # nextjs # webdev # podcast # javascript 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/dan_keller/wallet-as-a-service-as-an-infrastructure-layer-for-digital-products-36d#comments | Wallet-as-a-Service as an Infrastructure Layer for Digital Products - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Dan Keller Posted on Jan 11 Wallet-as-a-Service as an Infrastructure Layer for Digital Products # development # architecture # news # learning Integrating crypto wallets into digital products has long been a complex and resource-intensive task. Key management, transaction security, scalability, and multi-network support require a level of expertise and operational maturity that many teams do not have in-house. As a response to these challenges, Wallet-as-a-Service (WaaS) has emerged as a dedicated infrastructure model that abstracts this complexity and makes wallet functionality accessible at the product level. Today, WaaS is evolving from a supporting tool into a foundational infrastructure layer for products working with digital assets. Wallet-as-a-Service as an Infrastructure Model Wallet-as-a-Service is an approach where wallet creation, key management, and transaction execution are provided as an external service rather than being built directly into the product’s core architecture. Instead of interacting with blockchains, nodes, and signing mechanisms directly, products communicate with a standardized API layer. From an architectural perspective, WaaS plays a role similar to that of payment processors in traditional fintech. The underlying complexity is hidden, while developers work with predictable interfaces and workflows. This shift allows teams to treat wallets not as a specialized subsystem, but as a reusable infrastructure component. Impact on Time-to-Market and Scalability One of the primary drivers behind WaaS adoption is the reduction in time-to-market. Building a wallet infrastructure internally involves much more than development effort—it requires security design, redundancy, monitoring, incident response, and ongoing maintenance. By outsourcing these responsibilities to a WaaS provider, teams gain access to a production-ready system from day one. This enables faster iteration, earlier user feedback, and smoother scaling as usage grows. For products aiming to onboard a large user base, this infrastructure-first approach significantly lowers execution risk. Reducing Technical and Operational Risk Wallet infrastructure introduces a unique risk profile. Errors in key management or transaction handling are often irreversible and can have immediate financial consequences. For most product teams, achieving institutional-grade security internally is both costly and operationally demanding. WaaS providers typically implement advanced security models such as multi-party computation, strict access control, and continuous transaction monitoring. This shifts a substantial portion of operational risk away from the product team and into a specialized infrastructure layer designed specifically to manage it. User Experience as a Strategic Consideration From a user perspective, direct interaction with crypto wallets can be a major source of friction. Seed phrase management, network fees, and external wallet connections often lead to confusion and drop-offs. WaaS enables wallets to be embedded directly into the product experience. Users interact with balances and transactions through familiar interfaces, while the underlying infrastructure handles signing and network interaction in the background. This abstraction makes digital asset functionality accessible to a much broader audience without sacrificing reliability. WhiteBIT Wallet-as-a-Service as an Infrastructure Example WhiteBIT provides Wallet-as-a-Service as a solution for companies looking to integrate digital asset functionality without building wallet infrastructure from scratch. The service offers APIs for wallet creation, balance management, and transaction execution across multiple networks. By leveraging the infrastructure of an established provider, products can rely on mature security practices and operational processes. This allows teams to focus on business logic, user flows, and product differentiation rather than low-level infrastructure concerns. A Practical Integration Scenario In a typical WaaS integration, a wallet is created automatically when a user registers in the application. All subsequent asset-related operations are handled through the product’s backend, which communicates with the WhiteBIT WaaS API. From the user’s point of view, the experience resembles a standard account-based system with balances and transfers. At the same time, transactions remain traceable and auditable at the infrastructure level. This model enables the use of digital assets in a wide range of scenarios, including internal payments, rewards systems, and asset management features. When WaaS Is a Strategic Choice Wallet-as-a-Service is particularly well suited for products that prioritize scalability, predictable operations, and fast execution. Instead of investing heavily in building and maintaining wallet infrastructure, teams can adopt a service-based model that grows alongside the product. WaaS does not exclude hybrid approaches, where certain components remain under the product’s control. This flexibility makes it a viable option for a wide range of digital platforms with different technical and business requirements. Conclusion Wallet-as-a-Service is becoming a standard infrastructure component for products that work with digital assets. It reduces architectural complexity, shortens development cycles, and allows teams to concentrate on delivering user value rather than managing low-level systems. The WhiteBIT Wallet-as-a-Service example illustrates how infrastructure-focused solutions can absorb critical technical responsibilities, enabling products to scale with confidence and clarity. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Dan Keller Follow Trader and Web3 strategist delivering in-depth research on DeFi, crypto trends, and Web3 integration 🚀 Location Lisboa, Portugal Joined Jul 30, 2025 More from Dan Keller Thinking of Gifting Crypto This Holiday Season? 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https://dev.to/t/aiops | Aiops - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # aiops Follow Hide Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . 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https://dev.to/okan_kaplan_livehtml | okan kaplan - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions okan kaplan Creative developer & frontend educator. I explore the hidden capabilities of modern desktop web browsers using single-page HTML and JavaScript — from generative music systems with Web Audio & Tone.js Location Türkiye Joined Joined on Dec 16, 2025 Personal website https://livehtml.net Education Independent learning & real-world projects Pronouns he/him Work Creative Developer & Frontend Educator More info about @okan_kaplan_livehtml Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Skills/Languages HTML, CSS, JavaScript (Vanilla), Web Audio API, Tone.js, Creative Coding, Single-page HTML architectures, Browser APIs, Generative systems. Currently learning Exploring the hidden treasures of desktop web browsers with single-page HTML experiments — from audio to interactive systems. Currently hacking on Single-page HTML experiments exploring modern browser capabilities, including generative music engines, Web Audio systems, and interactive browser-based tools. Available for Creative coding discussions, Web Audio & browser API experiments, generative music projects, and collaboration on single-page HTML tools. Post 13 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 0 tags followed OKAN KAPLAN SOUND LAB – Infinite Jazz Generator | Live Coding with JavaScript okan kaplan okan kaplan okan kaplan Follow Jan 12 OKAN KAPLAN SOUND LAB – Infinite Jazz Generator | Live Coding with JavaScript # showdev # algorithms # javascript Comments Add Comment 1 min read tonejs infinite music okan kaplan okan kaplan okan kaplan Follow Jan 11 tonejs infinite music 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read TONE.JS INFINITE PIANO PLAYER okan kaplan okan kaplan okan kaplan Follow Jan 10 TONE.JS INFINITE PIANO PLAYER Comments Add Comment 1 min read maqam music okan kaplan okan kaplan okan kaplan Follow Jan 10 maqam music # showdev # algorithms # webdev # javascript 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Interactive Tree Cross-Section Analysis, Academic Dendrochronology Tool, Tree Growth Rings Study okan kaplan okan kaplan okan kaplan Follow Jan 9 Interactive Tree Cross-Section Analysis, Academic Dendrochronology Tool, Tree Growth Rings Study Comments Add Comment 1 min read Infinite Jazz Generator – Live Jazz Streaming, Continuous Jazz Music okan kaplan okan kaplan okan kaplan Follow Dec 28 '25 Infinite Jazz Generator – Live Jazz Streaming, Continuous Jazz Music 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Memory Game – LiveHTML | Okan Kaplan okan kaplan okan kaplan okan kaplan Follow Dec 17 '25 Memory Game – LiveHTML | Okan Kaplan # codepen Comments Add Comment 1 min read 7x7 Snake Game – LiveHTML | Okan Kaplan okan kaplan okan kaplan okan kaplan Follow Dec 17 '25 7x7 Snake Game – LiveHTML | Okan Kaplan # codepen Comments Add Comment 1 min read Title: Global Music Web Radio – Interactive Online Player | LiveHTML.net okan kaplan okan kaplan okan kaplan Follow Dec 17 '25 Title: Global Music Web Radio – Interactive Online Player | LiveHTML.net # codepen 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Maze Puzzle – Interactive Maze Game with PDF Export | LiveHTML.net okan kaplan okan kaplan okan kaplan Follow Dec 17 '25 Maze Puzzle – Interactive Maze Game with PDF Export | LiveHTML.net # codepen Comments Add Comment 1 min read Chess Game Simulation– Interactive Chessboard with Move History (Vanilla JS) okan kaplan okan kaplan okan kaplan Follow Dec 17 '25 Chess Game Simulation– Interactive Chessboard with Move History (Vanilla JS) # codepen 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read LIVEHTML.net Sudoku Generator okan kaplan okan kaplan okan kaplan Follow Dec 17 '25 LIVEHTML.net Sudoku Generator # codepen Comments Add Comment 1 min read Building an Infinite Generative Music Engine with Pure HTML & JavaScript (Markov-Based) okan kaplan okan kaplan okan kaplan Follow Dec 16 '25 Building an Infinite Generative Music Engine with Pure HTML & JavaScript (Markov-Based) # javascript # music # website # coding 4 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # claudecode Follow Hide Create Post Older #claudecode posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Claude Code Debugging Magic Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 26 '25 Claude Code Debugging Magic # claudecode # debugging # productivity # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read 📈 Code quality improvement after switching to keyboard short Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 26 '25 📈 Code quality improvement after switching to keyboard short # productivity # ai # claudecode # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Claude Code Debugging Magic Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 26 '25 Claude Code Debugging Magic # claudecode # debugging # productivity # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read 💡 2x productivity boost using task automation: Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 26 '25 💡 2x productivity boost using task automation: # productivity # ai # claudecode # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Claude Code: 5 Productivity Tips for Developers Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 26 '25 Claude Code: 5 Productivity Tips for Developers # claudecode # ai # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read Claude Code Tip: Game changer: Ask Claude Code ... Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 24 '25 Claude Code Tip: Game changer: Ask Claude Code ... # claudecode # ai # productivity # coding Comments Add Comment 1 min read How Claude Code Found a Production Race Condition in 30 Seconds (That Humans Missed for 2 Weeks) Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 24 '25 How Claude Code Found a Production Race Condition in 30 Seconds (That Humans Missed for 2 Weeks) # ai # debugging # development # claudecode Comments Add Comment 2 min read Claude Code Tip: Documentation tip: "Generate J... Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 23 '25 Claude Code Tip: Documentation tip: "Generate J... # claudecode # ai # productivity # coding Comments Add Comment 1 min read Claude Code Tip: Game changer: Ask Claude Code ... Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 23 '25 Claude Code Tip: Game changer: Ask Claude Code ... # claudecode # ai # productivity # coding Comments Add Comment 1 min read Claude Code Tip: Refactoring hack: "Make this c... Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 23 '25 Claude Code Tip: Refactoring hack: "Make this c... # claudecode # ai # productivity # coding Comments Add Comment 1 min read Claude Code Tip: Claude Code architecture tip: ... Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 23 '25 Claude Code Tip: Claude Code architecture tip: ... # claudecode # ai # productivity # coding Comments Add Comment 1 min read Claude Code Tip: Claude Code tip: Use "explain ... Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 23 '25 Claude Code Tip: Claude Code tip: Use "explain ... # claudecode # ai # productivity # coding Comments Add Comment 1 min read Claude Code Debugging Magic Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 23 '25 Claude Code Debugging Magic # claudecode # debugging # productivity # ai 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 1 min read Claude Code Debugging Magic Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 22 '25 Claude Code Debugging Magic # claudecode # debugging # productivity # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read Claude Code Tip: Game changer: Ask Claude Code ... Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 22 '25 Claude Code Tip: Game changer: Ask Claude Code ... # claudecode # productivity # coding # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read Claude Code Tip: Claude Code pattern: "Should I... Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 22 '25 Claude Code Tip: Claude Code pattern: "Should I... # claudecode # ai # productivity # coding Comments Add Comment 1 min read Claude Code Productivity Tip Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 22 '25 Claude Code Productivity Tip # claudecode # productivity # ai # coding Comments Add Comment 1 min read Never Get Stuck: A Practical Guide to Using Claude Code Without Blowing Your Budget Eric Cheng Eric Cheng Eric Cheng Follow Jul 21 '25 Never Get Stuck: A Practical Guide to Using Claude Code Without Blowing Your Budget # ai # claudecode # programming # agentaichallenge Comments Add Comment 3 min read Weekly #34-2025: AI Coding Reality, Performance ROI, and Faster Shortest Paths Madhu Sudhan Subedi Madhu Sudhan Subedi Madhu Sudhan Subedi Follow for Tech Weekly Aug 24 '25 Weekly #34-2025: AI Coding Reality, Performance ROI, and Faster Shortest Paths # aicoding # sentrymcp # claudecode # rakutenai Comments 2 comments 4 min read Zero Context Exhaustion: Building Production-Ready AI Coding Teams with Claude Code Sub-agents Shinsuke KAGAWA Shinsuke KAGAWA Shinsuke KAGAWA Follow Aug 23 '25 Zero Context Exhaustion: Building Production-Ready AI Coding Teams with Claude Code Sub-agents # ai # claudecode # programming # productivity Comments 2 comments 9 min read Islands at War: Designing a Board Game with AI Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Follow Nov 1 '25 Islands at War: Designing a Board Game with AI # python # boardgame # ai # claudecode Comments Add Comment 5 min read Stop AI from Writing Random Code That Doesn't Fit Your Codebase 🤖 Andrii Poluosmak Andrii Poluosmak Andrii Poluosmak Follow Aug 19 '25 Stop AI from Writing Random Code That Doesn't Fit Your Codebase 🤖 # vibecoding # claudecode # opensource # coding Comments Add Comment 4 min read I'm creating the nyash progrum language. CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Aug 18 '25 I'm creating the nyash progrum language. # claudecode # nyash Comments Add Comment 2 min read A Tamagotchi that lives in Claude Code's statusline and gets angry when Claude doesn't follow your instructions! Ido Levi Ido Levi Ido Levi Follow Aug 17 '25 A Tamagotchi that lives in Claude Code's statusline and gets angry when Claude doesn't follow your instructions! # claudecode # ai # programming # vibecoding Comments 1 comment 1 min read NekoCode: PR Review Feature Added - Please Help Test CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Aug 16 '25 NekoCode: PR Review Feature Added - Please Help Test # github # claudecode # nekocode Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close # claudecode Follow Hide Create Post Older #claudecode posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Build Smarter AI Agents — Anthropic’s 20-Video Playlist Saurav Kumar Saurav Kumar Saurav Kumar Follow Oct 8 '25 Build Smarter AI Agents — Anthropic’s 20-Video Playlist # agents # claudecode # anthropic # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read Agentes de IA para Marketing: Um Estudo de Caso Real de Automação de Conteúdo jucelinux jucelinux jucelinux Follow Oct 5 '25 Agentes de IA para Marketing: Um Estudo de Caso Real de Automação de Conteúdo # ia # marketing # automation # claudecode Comments Add Comment 18 min read The Beautiful Boring: How I Refactored a Game Without Breaking it Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Follow Nov 7 '25 The Beautiful Boring: How I Refactored a Game Without Breaking it # vibecoding # godot # videogame # claudecode 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to Get Started with Claude Code for Developers Evelyn Chen Evelyn Chen Evelyn Chen Follow for Momen Nov 9 '25 How to Get Started with Claude Code for Developers # claudecode # coding 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 17 min read Claude Code is a Beast – Tips from 6 Months of Hardcore Use Diet-Coder Diet-Coder Diet-Coder Follow Oct 29 '25 Claude Code is a Beast – Tips from 6 Months of Hardcore Use # claudecode # agenticcoding # webdev # ai 20 reactions Comments 1 comment 22 min read The Boring Path to Actually Shipping with AI Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Follow Nov 1 '25 The Boring Path to Actually Shipping with AI # ai # godot # videogame # claudecode Comments Add Comment 5 min read OpenCode > Claude Code Asmae Elazrak Asmae Elazrak Asmae Elazrak Follow for cortecs Oct 29 '25 OpenCode > Claude Code # cortecs # llm # terminal # claudecode 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read AI Spec Driven Development Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Follow Nov 1 '25 AI Spec Driven Development # ai # claudecode # vibecoding Comments Add Comment 1 min read AI Agents for Marketing: A Real-World Content Automation Case Study jucelinux jucelinux jucelinux Follow Oct 5 '25 AI Agents for Marketing: A Real-World Content Automation Case Study # ai # marketing # claudecode # automation 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 17 min read I Actually Stayed On Task (For Once): A Dev Miracle Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Follow Nov 1 '25 I Actually Stayed On Task (For Once): A Dev Miracle # ai # claudecode # godot # videogame Comments Add Comment 3 min read When Claude Agent Says “Sandbox It” — What Does That Really Mean? AgentSphere AgentSphere AgentSphere Follow Oct 22 '25 When Claude Agent Says “Sandbox It” — What Does That Really Mean? # claudecode # microvm # sandbox # agents 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read I Finally Built a Second Brain That I Actually Use (6th Attempt) Huy Tieu Huy Tieu Huy Tieu Follow Oct 15 '25 I Finally Built a Second Brain That I Actually Use (6th Attempt) # secondbrain # ai # claudecode 22 reactions Comments 4 comments 7 min read From AI Skeptic to Constant Collaborator: What I Learned Vibe Coding Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Follow Nov 1 '25 From AI Skeptic to Constant Collaborator: What I Learned Vibe Coding # ai # claudecode # godot # videogame Comments Add Comment 10 min read The Road to Combat Is Paved with Tangents: A Devlog Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Follow Nov 1 '25 The Road to Combat Is Paved with Tangents: A Devlog # ai # claudecode # godot # videogame Comments Add Comment 4 min read Claude Code বনাম Cursor: ডেভেলপারদের জন্য সম্পূর্ণ তুলনা Md. Junaidul Islam Md. Junaidul Islam Md. Junaidul Islam Follow Oct 13 '25 Claude Code বনাম Cursor: ডেভেলপারদের জন্য সম্পূর্ণ তুলনা # ai # cursor # claudecode # development Comments Add Comment 6 min read Don't delegate too much to Claude Code. crimson206 crimson206 crimson206 Follow Sep 8 '25 Don't delegate too much to Claude Code. # ai # claudecode # productivity Comments 1 comment 1 min read Scope Creep Chronicles: Creature Combat Devlog Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Follow Nov 1 '25 Scope Creep Chronicles: Creature Combat Devlog # claudecode # godot # videogame # ai Comments Add Comment 4 min read Orchestro: Trello for Claude Code — with a built-in Scrum Master daniele pelleri daniele pelleri daniele pelleri Follow Oct 5 '25 Orchestro: Trello for Claude Code — with a built-in Scrum Master # mcp # claudecode # ai # opensource 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Effortless Automation: Prompting Your Way to Deployment with Claude Code and DeployHQ DeployHQ DeployHQ DeployHQ Follow Sep 18 '25 Effortless Automation: Prompting Your Way to Deployment with Claude Code and DeployHQ # ai # claudecode # python # tutorials Comments Add Comment 5 min read How Qred Bank to use agents.md at scale Lezgin Zilan Lezgin Zilan Lezgin Zilan Follow for Qred Bank Oct 1 '25 How Qred Bank to use agents.md at scale # claudecode # vibecoding # agenticdevelopment # githubcopilot 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read How Claude Code Agents and MCPs Work Better Together 👯 Ooi Yee Fei Ooi Yee Fei Ooi Yee Fei Follow Aug 30 '25 How Claude Code Agents and MCPs Work Better Together 👯 # programming # claudecode # aiengineering # automation Comments Add Comment 10 min read Reality Check: AI Isn’t Replacing Engineers, It’s Scaffolding 7Sigma 7Sigma 7Sigma Follow Aug 28 '25 Reality Check: AI Isn’t Replacing Engineers, It’s Scaffolding # ai # coding # career # claudecode Comments Add Comment 6 min read Claude Code: From Zero to Hero Daniel (San) Ávila Daniel (San) Ávila Daniel (San) Ávila Follow Aug 26 '25 Claude Code: From Zero to Hero # claude # codegpt # mcp # claudecode 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Parallel Development with ClaudeCode and Git Worktrees Ooi Yee Fei Ooi Yee Fei Ooi Yee Fei Follow Aug 17 '25 Parallel Development with ClaudeCode and Git Worktrees # claudecode # programming # anthropic # agentic Comments Add Comment 5 min read Evolving My AI Journal: From Python MCPs to Rust Scripts and Claude Code Estevão Machado Estevão Machado Estevão Machado Follow Aug 17 '25 Evolving My AI Journal: From Python MCPs to Rust Scripts and Claude Code # rust # claudecode # devjournal # rag 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 9 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/mohammadidrees/applying-first-principles-questioning-to-a-real-company-interview-question-2c0j#what-breaks-independently | Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Case Study: Designing a Chat System (Meta / WhatsApp–Style) This section answers a common follow-up interview request: “Okay, now apply this thinking to a real problem.” We will do exactly that — without jumping to tools or architectures first . The goal is not to “design WhatsApp,” but to demonstrate how interviewers expect you to think . The Interview Question (Realistic & Common) “Design a chat system like WhatsApp.” This is a real company interview question asked (in variants) at: Meta Uber Amazon Stripe Most candidates fail this question not because it’s hard, but because they start in the wrong place . What Most Candidates Do (Wrong Start) Typical opening: “We’ll use WebSockets” “We’ll use Kafka” “We’ll shard by user ID” This skips reasoning. A strong candidate pauses and applies the checklist. Applying the First-Principles Checklist Live We will apply the same five questions , in order, and show what problems naturally surface. 1. State “Where does state live? When is it durable?” Ask This Out Loud in the Interview What information must the chat system remember for it to function correctly? Identify Required State (No Design Yet) Users Conversations Messages Message delivery status Now ask: Which of this state must never be lost? Answer: Messages (core product) Conversation membership First-Principles Conclusion Messages must be persisted In-memory-only solutions are insufficient What the Interviewer Sees You identified correctness-critical state before touching architecture. 2. Time “How long does each step take?” Now we introduce time. Break the Chat Flow User sends message Message is stored Message is delivered to recipient(s) Ask: Which of these must be fast? Sending a message → must feel instant Delivery → may be delayed (offline users) Critical Question Does the sender wait for delivery confirmation? If yes: Latency depends on recipient availability If no: Sending and delivery are time-decoupled First-Principles Conclusion Message acceptance must be fast Delivery can happen later This naturally introduces asynchrony , without naming any tools. 3. Failure “What breaks independently?” Now assume failures — explicitly. Ask What happens if the system crashes after accepting a message but before delivery? Possible states: Message stored Recipient not notified yet Now ask: Can delivery be retried safely? This surfaces a key invariant: A message must not be delivered zero times or multiple times incorrectly. Failure Scenarios Discovered Duplicate delivery Message loss Inconsistent delivery status First-Principles Conclusion Message delivery must be idempotent Storage and delivery failures must be decoupled The interviewer now sees you understand distributed failure , not just happy paths. 4. Order “What defines correct sequence?” Now introduce multiple messages . Ask Does message order matter in a conversation? Answer: Yes — chat messages must appear in order Now ask the dangerous question: Does arrival order equal delivery order? In distributed systems: No guarantee Messages can: Be processed by different servers Experience different delays First-Principles Conclusion Ordering is part of correctness It must be explicitly modeled (e.g., sequence per conversation) This is a senior-level insight , derived from questioning alone. 5. Scale “What grows fastest under load?” Now — and only now — do we talk about scale. Ask As usage grows, what increases fastest? Likely answers: Number of messages Concurrent active connections Offline message backlog Now ask: What happens during spikes (e.g., group chats, viral events)? You discover: Hot conversations Uneven load Memory pressure from live connections First-Principles Conclusion The system must scale on messages , not users Load is not uniform What We Have Discovered (Before Any Design) Without choosing any tools, we now know: Messages must be durable Sending and delivery must be decoupled Failures must not cause duplicates or loss Ordering is a correctness requirement Message volume, not user count, dominates scale This is exactly what interviewers want to hear before you propose architecture. What Comes Next (And Why It’s Easy Now) Only after this reasoning does it make sense to talk about: Persistent storage Async delivery Streaming connections Partitioning strategies At this point, architecture choices are obvious , not arbitrary. Why This Approach Scores High in Interviews Interviewers are evaluating: How you reason under ambiguity Whether you surface hidden constraints Whether you understand failure modes They are not testing whether you know WhatsApp’s internals. This method shows: Structured thinking Calm problem decomposition Senior-level judgment Common Candidate Mistakes (Seen in This Question) Jumping to WebSockets without discussing durability Ignoring offline users Assuming message order “just works” Treating retries as harmless Talking about scale before correctness Every one of these mistakes is prevented by the checklist. Final Reinforcement: The Checklist (Again) Use this verbatim in interviews: Where does state live? When is it durable? Which steps are fast vs slow? What can fail independently? What defines correct order? What grows fastest under load? Final Mental Model Strong candidates design systems. Exceptional candidates design reasoning . 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # architecture # career # interview # systemdesign Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async Queue–Based Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/mohammadidrees/applying-first-principles-questioning-to-a-real-company-interview-question-2c0j#break-the-chat-flow | Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Case Study: Designing a Chat System (Meta / WhatsApp–Style) This section answers a common follow-up interview request: “Okay, now apply this thinking to a real problem.” We will do exactly that — without jumping to tools or architectures first . The goal is not to “design WhatsApp,” but to demonstrate how interviewers expect you to think . The Interview Question (Realistic & Common) “Design a chat system like WhatsApp.” This is a real company interview question asked (in variants) at: Meta Uber Amazon Stripe Most candidates fail this question not because it’s hard, but because they start in the wrong place . What Most Candidates Do (Wrong Start) Typical opening: “We’ll use WebSockets” “We’ll use Kafka” “We’ll shard by user ID” This skips reasoning. A strong candidate pauses and applies the checklist. Applying the First-Principles Checklist Live We will apply the same five questions , in order, and show what problems naturally surface. 1. State “Where does state live? When is it durable?” Ask This Out Loud in the Interview What information must the chat system remember for it to function correctly? Identify Required State (No Design Yet) Users Conversations Messages Message delivery status Now ask: Which of this state must never be lost? Answer: Messages (core product) Conversation membership First-Principles Conclusion Messages must be persisted In-memory-only solutions are insufficient What the Interviewer Sees You identified correctness-critical state before touching architecture. 2. Time “How long does each step take?” Now we introduce time. Break the Chat Flow User sends message Message is stored Message is delivered to recipient(s) Ask: Which of these must be fast? Sending a message → must feel instant Delivery → may be delayed (offline users) Critical Question Does the sender wait for delivery confirmation? If yes: Latency depends on recipient availability If no: Sending and delivery are time-decoupled First-Principles Conclusion Message acceptance must be fast Delivery can happen later This naturally introduces asynchrony , without naming any tools. 3. Failure “What breaks independently?” Now assume failures — explicitly. Ask What happens if the system crashes after accepting a message but before delivery? Possible states: Message stored Recipient not notified yet Now ask: Can delivery be retried safely? This surfaces a key invariant: A message must not be delivered zero times or multiple times incorrectly. Failure Scenarios Discovered Duplicate delivery Message loss Inconsistent delivery status First-Principles Conclusion Message delivery must be idempotent Storage and delivery failures must be decoupled The interviewer now sees you understand distributed failure , not just happy paths. 4. Order “What defines correct sequence?” Now introduce multiple messages . Ask Does message order matter in a conversation? Answer: Yes — chat messages must appear in order Now ask the dangerous question: Does arrival order equal delivery order? In distributed systems: No guarantee Messages can: Be processed by different servers Experience different delays First-Principles Conclusion Ordering is part of correctness It must be explicitly modeled (e.g., sequence per conversation) This is a senior-level insight , derived from questioning alone. 5. Scale “What grows fastest under load?” Now — and only now — do we talk about scale. Ask As usage grows, what increases fastest? Likely answers: Number of messages Concurrent active connections Offline message backlog Now ask: What happens during spikes (e.g., group chats, viral events)? You discover: Hot conversations Uneven load Memory pressure from live connections First-Principles Conclusion The system must scale on messages , not users Load is not uniform What We Have Discovered (Before Any Design) Without choosing any tools, we now know: Messages must be durable Sending and delivery must be decoupled Failures must not cause duplicates or loss Ordering is a correctness requirement Message volume, not user count, dominates scale This is exactly what interviewers want to hear before you propose architecture. What Comes Next (And Why It’s Easy Now) Only after this reasoning does it make sense to talk about: Persistent storage Async delivery Streaming connections Partitioning strategies At this point, architecture choices are obvious , not arbitrary. Why This Approach Scores High in Interviews Interviewers are evaluating: How you reason under ambiguity Whether you surface hidden constraints Whether you understand failure modes They are not testing whether you know WhatsApp’s internals. This method shows: Structured thinking Calm problem decomposition Senior-level judgment Common Candidate Mistakes (Seen in This Question) Jumping to WebSockets without discussing durability Ignoring offline users Assuming message order “just works” Treating retries as harmless Talking about scale before correctness Every one of these mistakes is prevented by the checklist. Final Reinforcement: The Checklist (Again) Use this verbatim in interviews: Where does state live? When is it durable? Which steps are fast vs slow? What can fail independently? What defines correct order? What grows fastest under load? Final Mental Model Strong candidates design systems. Exceptional candidates design reasoning . Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # architecture # career # interview # systemdesign Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async Queue–Based Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dev.to/commit_confidential/a-critique-refresh-for-the-sxsw-community-manager-manifesto-2012-4741 | A Critique & Refresh for the SXSW Community Manager Manifesto (2012) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Michael Ellis Posted on Nov 29, 2025 A Critique & Refresh for the SXSW Community Manager Manifesto (2012) # community # contributorswanted # healthydebate SXSW Community Manager Manifesto (2012) CRITIQUE & ANALYSIS Authored by: Michael Ellis Joy Ndukwe [Your Name Here] Context, Introduction & Critiques Introduction The Community Creed (2026) is a living document created to help community professionals navigate the changing realities of our work. It combines principle with practice, offering guidance that is both ethical and actionable. This Creed was inspired by the Community Manager Manifesto first drafted at SXSW in 2012, one of the earliest collective attempts to define the role of community management. That document gave language to an emerging profession and built early bridges between companies and their communities. More than a decade later, our context has changed. The platforms are different, the pace is faster, and the work has expanded far beyond social media or customer engagement. Today, community management is a blend of strategy, care, design, and stewardship. The goal of this Creed is not to replace what came before, but to extend it, to give today’s practitioners a modern foundation that reflects inclusion, digital ethics, and sustainability. It was written collaboratively and is meant to evolve through feedback, translation, and shared authorship. Every line is meant to be useful, not ornamental. The document is structured in three tiers: Core Principles , how we show up as humans in this work Sustainable Practice , how we operate with integrity and care Evolving Systems , how we adapt and collaborate for the future Readers are invited to reference, remix, and contribute to this work. The only requirement is to credit it faithfully and continue improving it with the same spirit of openness with which it was created. This is a resource for anyone who helps people connect, whether in open-source projects, digital communities, workplaces, classrooms, or creative networks. It is built on a simple belief: Intent + Effort > Perfection Quick Summary: What Holds Up vs. What’s Outdated The following highlights a distilled version of our initial findings for the current state of the Community Manifesto. A more detailed overview of the findings with notes has been proved below Still Valuable: [ ] Commitment to transparency and trust [ ] Belief in empowering members [ ] Advocacy for CMs in strategy [ ] Curated community voice [ ] Focus on education and collaboration Needs Updating: [ ] Measurement sophistication [ ] DEI, accessibility, equity [ ] Recognition of burnout and boundary setting [ ] Modern safety and moderation frameworks [ ] Decentralized ecosystems and AI-era realities Detailed Summary: A Closer Look at Findings 1. It’s Aspirational, Not Operational Quote: “We must participate in business strategy development & decision-making.” Critique: Yes, we must - but the manifesto never defines how . It assumes CMs are already empowered within org structures that historically silo community beneath marketing or support. In reality, that seat at the table must be earned through data, diplomacy, and demonstrated business impact. Modern Lens: Today’s CM needs frameworks for internal advocacy: stakeholder mapping, narrative storytelling with metrics, and partnership models. Without those, “participate in strategy” becomes wishful thinking. 2. The Measurement Language Is Thin Quote: “Engagement levels, sentiment, growth, response.” Critique: That’s 2010-era social metric speak. It doesn’t capture product-community loops, retention value, or conversion funnels. There’s no mention of LTV, NPS, or community-led growth metrics. Modern Lens: We now think in terms of behavioral impact, network effects, and flywheel metrics. “Sentiment” and “growth” are surface-level; what matters is impact on activation, retention, and revenue. The manifesto would benefit from connecting measurement to specific business outcomes. 3. It Treats ‘Trust’ as an Internal Comms Problem, Not a Systems Design Challenge Quote: “We must publish clear process, protocol and service level agreement (SLA).” Critique: Transparency and SLAs are good - but trust in communities isn’t built by process documents; it’s built through predictable, humane moderation and shared governance models. Modern Lens: We now talk about community safety architecture, consent-based design, and ethical automation. The manifesto predates the era of algorithmic visibility, platform toxicity, and DEI accountability. Today, trust means addressing psychological safety, not just SLAs. 4. It Romanticizes the CM as a Hero Archetype Quote: “We represent and report on the voice of the customer.” Critique: The “voice of the customer” framing centralizes one person as the conduit. But community is a system, not a spokesperson. A single CM can’t scale that role responsibly. Modern Lens: We need distributed ownership: ambassador programs, champion models, and contributor pathways that turn the community itself into the voice. The manifesto overemphasizes the CM’s personal role and underplays the need for scalable frameworks. 5. It Lacks a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Perspective Critique: There’s no mention of accessibility, bias, or representational equity. For a manifesto that talks about “belonging,” that’s a major blind spot. Modern Lens: Belonging must include equity of access and safety. A current version would call out inclusion practices explicitly: inclusive moderation, global time zone fairness, multilingual support, and compensating unpaid community labor. 6. It Doesn’t Address Burnout or Boundaries Quote: “Community managers should be part of creating and nurturing the voice of the company.” Critique: That’s noble - but also the kind of expectation that leads to 24/7 emotional labor. The manifesto assumes infinite emotional energy and availability. Modern Lens: Healthy community management includes boundary setting, shared accountability, and emotional hygiene. We now teach community sustainability, workload balancing, and trauma-informed practices. 7. It’s Brand-Centric, Not Ecosystem-Centric Critique: Much of the manifesto focuses on aligning community to organizational goals, not co-creating shared value with the community itself. Modern Lens: The CM is cast as an internal advocate who translates community to business, but not as a community advocate who negotiates power with the brand. In mature community ecosystems, power dynamics are shared: open governance, contributor voting, transparent decision-making. 8. It Doesn’t Anticipate Decentralization or Open-Source Models Critique: It reads like something written for brand communities on Facebook and Twitter, not for federated or contributor-owned ecosystems. Modern Lens: Community leadership today often happens without brand control — through DAOs, open source projects, or federated groups. Modern manifestos talk about stewardship, not ownership. 9. Its Language Is Formal but Lacks Emotional Intelligence Critique: It uses business vocabulary (“service level agreements,” “protocols”) but rarely human language about empathy, curiosity, or creativity. Modern Lens: Community health is emotional, cultural, and narrative. We now integrate psychology, ritual, and storytelling into CM practice. 10. It Remains an Artifact of “Early Social Media” Critique: The manifesto feels frozen in a pre-algorithmic era. There’s no mention of moderation at scale, AI tools, parasocial dynamics, or community as brand protection. Modern Lens: Today, CMs navigate misinformation, harassment, creator economies, and AI-assisted engagement. The manifesto would need an entire new section on digital ethics and platform stewardship. Community Creed (2026) v1 THE COMMUNITY CREED (2026) A Practical Framework for Ethical, Sustainable, and Connected Community Management Authored by: Michael Ellis Joy Ndukwe Robert Collis [Hopefully, Your Name Here] Preamble & Preface: This Creed builds upon the Community Manager Manifesto first that was first developed at SXSW in 2013. At the time, the document was landmark, and we respect its contribution to legitimizing and professionalizing the field of Community Management - while also recognizing a few of the original document’s limitations: it reflected a narrow moment in time, corporate, Western, and executive-driven. The Community Creed (2026) continues that legacy of building upon the 2013 Manifesto through an inclusive, practitioner-led lens. It is both a moral compass and a field guide for community leaders, moderators, and strategists everywhere. We believe progress in this work follows a simple formula: Intent + Effort > Perfection Introduction The Community Creed (2026) is a living document created to help community professionals navigate the changing realities of our work. It combines principle with practice, offering guidance that is both ethical and actionable. This Creed was inspired by the Community Manager Manifesto first drafted at SXSW in 2012, one of the earliest collective attempts to define the role of community management. That document gave language to an emerging profession and built early bridges between companies and their communities. More than a decade later, our context has changed. The platforms are different, the pace is faster, and the work has expanded far beyond social media or customer engagement. Today, community management is a blend of strategy, care, design, and stewardship. The goal of this Creed is not to replace what came before, but to extend it, to give today’s practitioners a modern foundation that reflects inclusion, digital ethics, and sustainability. It was written collaboratively and is meant to evolve through feedback, translation, and shared authorship. Every line is meant to be useful, not ornamental. The document is structured in three tiers: Core Principles : how we show up as humans in this work Sustainable Practice : how we operate with integrity and care Evolving Systems : how we adapt and collaborate for the future Readers are invited to reference, remix, and contribute to this work. The only requirement is to credit it faithfully and continue improving it with the same spirit of openness with which it was created. This is a resource for anyone who helps people connect, whether in open-source projects, digital communities, workplaces, classrooms, or creative networks. It is built on a simple belief: community and collaboration serve to better our shared and collective experience. TIER I – Core Principles These define how we show up as humans in our day-to-day work as Community Managers. 1. Start from Trust Principle: Trust enables participation. Practice: Be transparent, consistent, and clear. Publish guidelines and respond reliably. Measure: Member retention, re-engagement, and sentiment trends. 2. Lead with Empathy Principle: Empathy improves dialogue and conflict resolution. Practice: Listen before reacting (active listening); validate before correcting. Use inclusive "we" framing. Acknowledge emotions. Measure: Reduced escalations, increased voluntary resolutions. 3. Build Together Principle: Co-creation strengthens belonging & community.Practice: Invite members into design, feedback, and leadership roles. Measure: Growth of member-led initiatives or content. 4. Measure What Matters Principle: Metrics should reflect health, not vanity. Practice: Balance quantitative and qualitative data; review quarterly. Measure: Scorecards including belonging, safety, and impact indicators. 5. Respect Labor Principle: Community work is real work. Practice: Credit contributors, advocate fair pay, and provide growth paths. Measure: Contributor satisfaction, retention, and documented volunteer hours. TIER II – Sustainable Practices These ensure that communities, and the people running them, can thrive over time. 6. Design for Inclusion Principle: Accessibility expands creativity and trust. Practice: Provide transcripts, translations, inclusive visuals, and cross-time-zone access. Seek diverse voices early, not as an after-thought. Include different abilities, identities, languages, cultures, and lived experiences. Measure: Participation diversity and accessibility feedback. 7. Protect Boundaries Principle: Healthy communities need healthy managers. Practice: Set office hours, rotate duties, and normalize rest. Measure: Team retention and burnout indicators. 8. Steward Voice, Not Control It Principle: Communities thrive on authentic expression. Practice: Represent members honestly; share decision rationales; empower advocates. Measure: Organic advocacy and community-led communication. 9. Act with Integrity Principle: Transparency sustains credibility. Practice: Own mistakes publicly; protect confidentiality; stay consistent. Measure: Trust sentiment after incidents or changes. 10. Build for the Long Term Principle: Communities are ecosystems, not campaigns. Practice: Document rituals and processes; revisit values annually. Measure: Member longevity, repeat engagement, and institutional memory. TIER III – Evolving Systems These guide how communities grow beyond themselves and connect with others. 11. Foster Cross-Community Collaboration Principle: Healthy ecosystems connect beyond their borders. Practice: Partner with aligned communities, share knowledge, and co-create initiatives. Measure: Number and quality of collaborations, joint projects, or knowledge exchanges. 12. Use Technology Thoughtfully Principle: Tools, including AI, are extensions of our intent. Practice: Apply the same community principles of care, transparency, and accountability to tool use. Audit automation and AI systems for bias, fairness, and unintended impact. Communicate openly when automated systems interact with members or are used for creative work, detailed data analysis, or content generation. Provide human alternatives where possible, ensuring members can choose personal interaction. Treat tools as partners in service, not cost or time saving replacements for human connection. Measure: Member satisfaction following automation or AI implementation. Frequency of human review and feedback cycles. Documented improvements in workflow, fairness, or accessibility enabled by technology. Closing Reflections This Creed does not replace the 2012 Manifesto; it extends and builds upon it. Where the original spoke from the perspective of executive leadership, this document speaks with practitioner-first ethos. Where the old defined ideals, this one defines tangible actions for day-to-day realities. And where the first assumed privilege, this one assumes duty and responsibility. This is because community management is both a professional discipline and a human -centric art, requiring skill, empathy, and maturity in equal measure. The Community Creed (2026) is a living document. It will evolve through dialogue, translation, and practice. Its goal is not perfection but honesty, a shared commitment to building better, together. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Michael Ellis Follow Community manager specializing in advancing community health, dev engagement, & creative events. Focused on building communities that scale with clarity, trust, and measurable value across the org. 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https://dev.to/mohammadidrees/applying-first-principles-questioning-to-a-real-company-interview-question-2c0j#where-does-state-live-when-is-it-durable | Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Case Study: Designing a Chat System (Meta / WhatsApp–Style) This section answers a common follow-up interview request: “Okay, now apply this thinking to a real problem.” We will do exactly that — without jumping to tools or architectures first . The goal is not to “design WhatsApp,” but to demonstrate how interviewers expect you to think . The Interview Question (Realistic & Common) “Design a chat system like WhatsApp.” This is a real company interview question asked (in variants) at: Meta Uber Amazon Stripe Most candidates fail this question not because it’s hard, but because they start in the wrong place . What Most Candidates Do (Wrong Start) Typical opening: “We’ll use WebSockets” “We’ll use Kafka” “We’ll shard by user ID” This skips reasoning. A strong candidate pauses and applies the checklist. Applying the First-Principles Checklist Live We will apply the same five questions , in order, and show what problems naturally surface. 1. State “Where does state live? When is it durable?” Ask This Out Loud in the Interview What information must the chat system remember for it to function correctly? Identify Required State (No Design Yet) Users Conversations Messages Message delivery status Now ask: Which of this state must never be lost? Answer: Messages (core product) Conversation membership First-Principles Conclusion Messages must be persisted In-memory-only solutions are insufficient What the Interviewer Sees You identified correctness-critical state before touching architecture. 2. Time “How long does each step take?” Now we introduce time. Break the Chat Flow User sends message Message is stored Message is delivered to recipient(s) Ask: Which of these must be fast? Sending a message → must feel instant Delivery → may be delayed (offline users) Critical Question Does the sender wait for delivery confirmation? If yes: Latency depends on recipient availability If no: Sending and delivery are time-decoupled First-Principles Conclusion Message acceptance must be fast Delivery can happen later This naturally introduces asynchrony , without naming any tools. 3. Failure “What breaks independently?” Now assume failures — explicitly. Ask What happens if the system crashes after accepting a message but before delivery? Possible states: Message stored Recipient not notified yet Now ask: Can delivery be retried safely? This surfaces a key invariant: A message must not be delivered zero times or multiple times incorrectly. Failure Scenarios Discovered Duplicate delivery Message loss Inconsistent delivery status First-Principles Conclusion Message delivery must be idempotent Storage and delivery failures must be decoupled The interviewer now sees you understand distributed failure , not just happy paths. 4. Order “What defines correct sequence?” Now introduce multiple messages . Ask Does message order matter in a conversation? Answer: Yes — chat messages must appear in order Now ask the dangerous question: Does arrival order equal delivery order? In distributed systems: No guarantee Messages can: Be processed by different servers Experience different delays First-Principles Conclusion Ordering is part of correctness It must be explicitly modeled (e.g., sequence per conversation) This is a senior-level insight , derived from questioning alone. 5. Scale “What grows fastest under load?” Now — and only now — do we talk about scale. Ask As usage grows, what increases fastest? Likely answers: Number of messages Concurrent active connections Offline message backlog Now ask: What happens during spikes (e.g., group chats, viral events)? You discover: Hot conversations Uneven load Memory pressure from live connections First-Principles Conclusion The system must scale on messages , not users Load is not uniform What We Have Discovered (Before Any Design) Without choosing any tools, we now know: Messages must be durable Sending and delivery must be decoupled Failures must not cause duplicates or loss Ordering is a correctness requirement Message volume, not user count, dominates scale This is exactly what interviewers want to hear before you propose architecture. What Comes Next (And Why It’s Easy Now) Only after this reasoning does it make sense to talk about: Persistent storage Async delivery Streaming connections Partitioning strategies At this point, architecture choices are obvious , not arbitrary. Why This Approach Scores High in Interviews Interviewers are evaluating: How you reason under ambiguity Whether you surface hidden constraints Whether you understand failure modes They are not testing whether you know WhatsApp’s internals. This method shows: Structured thinking Calm problem decomposition Senior-level judgment Common Candidate Mistakes (Seen in This Question) Jumping to WebSockets without discussing durability Ignoring offline users Assuming message order “just works” Treating retries as harmless Talking about scale before correctness Every one of these mistakes is prevented by the checklist. Final Reinforcement: The Checklist (Again) Use this verbatim in interviews: Where does state live? When is it durable? Which steps are fast vs slow? What can fail independently? What defines correct order? What grows fastest under load? Final Mental Model Strong candidates design systems. Exceptional candidates design reasoning . 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # architecture # career # interview # systemdesign Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async Queue–Based Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/resources/page/2 | Resources Page 2 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # resources Follow Hide Sharing helpful articles, tools, and learning materials Create Post Older #resources posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Sharing Good Books: The Secret History of Japan's Five Major Donburi Dishes! 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https://dev.to/devteam/lesser-known-features-of-dev-using-comment-templates-3jpe | Lesser Known Features of DEV — Using Comment Templates - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Michael Tharrington for The DEV Team Posted on Jan 4, 2023 • Edited on Feb 9, 2024 Lesser Known Features of DEV — Using Comment Templates # meta # documentation # community # howtodevto Lesser Known Features of DEV (4 Part Series) 1 Lesser Known Features of DEV — Ignoring a Tag via Negative Follow Weights 2 Lesser Known Features of DEV — Using Comment Templates 3 Lesser Known Features of DEV — Embedding Call To Action (CTA) Buttons 4 Lesser Known Features of DEV — Embeds! Did you know that on DEV you have the ability to set up templates for comments that you can use in the comment section of posts? If you find yourself dropping the same GIF over and over again or offering the same words of wisdom to folks, consider creating a template! How to create a comment template In order to create a template, you'll need to go to the extensions section of your settings located here . Navigate down to "Add new comment template", type in the comment body content, give it a title, and save it. Note: you might consider typing out your comment in the discussion section of a post so you can take advantage of the Markdown toolbar ; you can copy/paste it over afterward. How to use a comment template So, you've got your templates, but how to use them? Just follow theses steps: Go to the comments section of a post. (Perhaps the latest welcome thread ) Click into the text box to reply to someone or leave a fresh comment. Click the three dots in the bottom right corner of the input box. Click the 4th icon from the left that looks a bit like a book. See your list of available templates and click insert on the one that you wish to have dropped into the input box. Feel free to modify it or send as is. Boom! You've sent your first comment template. 🙌 Loom video tutorial I filmed a 5 minute tutorial walking you through everything above — how to create and use a comment template! Advice on how and how not to use this feature This feature can be really handy for things like setting up a welcome message that you can drop in the welcome thread each week or making it so you can quickly grab a favorite GIF. It can also be useful if you find yourself regularly showing folks how to do different things on DEV like embedding YouTube videos or creating a table of contents . That said, it could be annoying if misused. Please refrain from using templates to promote yourself or business in mass. In the right context it can make sense to mention a post you've created or the company you work for, but don't set up a template with the sole purpose of jumping into each post to promote X. We may suspend those folks who do this as it's against the content policy listed in our Terms ; don't hesitate to report this kind of behavior to us if you see it. That's all folks! 🥕 If anybody has any fun templates they've come up with that they wanna share, please drop'em in the comments. Hope y'all keep enjoying DEV! Lesser Known Features of DEV (4 Part Series) 1 Lesser Known Features of DEV — Ignoring a Tag via Negative Follow Weights 2 Lesser Known Features of DEV — Using Comment Templates 3 Lesser Known Features of DEV — Embedding Call To Action (CTA) Buttons 4 Lesser Known Features of DEV — Embeds! Top comments (7) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow I'm a friendly, non-dev, cisgender guy from NC who enjoys playing music/making noise, hiking, eating veggies, and hanging out with my best friend/wife + our 3 kitties + 1 greyhound. Email mct3545@gmail.com Location North Carolina Education BFA in Creative Writing Pronouns he/him Work Senior Community Manager at DEV Joined Oct 24, 2017 • Jan 4 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Here's the one I created in my loom example: Hey there! Welcome to DEV. It's great to have ya with us! 🤜 🤛  Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode I'll comment in thread to show y'all what it looks like! Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow I'm a friendly, non-dev, cisgender guy from NC who enjoys playing music/making noise, hiking, eating veggies, and hanging out with my best friend/wife + our 3 kitties + 1 greyhound. Email mct3545@gmail.com Location North Carolina Education BFA in Creative Writing Pronouns he/him Work Senior Community Manager at DEV Joined Oct 24, 2017 • Jan 4 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hey there! Welcome to DEV. It's great to have ya with us! 🤜 🤛 Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nick Taylor Nick Taylor Nick Taylor Follow GitHub Star and Microsoft MVP. Developer Advocate & Software Engineer who live streams tech content solo & with community friends. Email nick@nickyt.co Location Montréal, Québec, Canada Education University of New Brunswick Work Developer Advocate at Pomerium Joined Mar 11, 2017 • Jan 5 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is one feature that I use heavily lol if folks ever wonder how I get my animated GIF comments up. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow I'm a friendly, non-dev, cisgender guy from NC who enjoys playing music/making noise, hiking, eating veggies, and hanging out with my best friend/wife + our 3 kitties + 1 greyhound. Email mct3545@gmail.com Location North Carolina Education BFA in Creative Writing Pronouns he/him Work Senior Community Manager at DEV Joined Oct 24, 2017 • Jan 5 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Awww yeah! I def thought of you when setting up my own GIFs. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Chris Jarvis Chris Jarvis Chris Jarvis Follow Fullstack developer with a passion for UX. @jarvisscript@hachyderm.io Location Nashville Education Bootcamp Grad Pronouns He/Him Work Fullstack Developer Joined Mar 5, 2017 • Jan 5 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Oh, I didn't know this. It could be helpful off to test it. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Chris Jarvis Chris Jarvis Chris Jarvis Follow Fullstack developer with a passion for UX. @jarvisscript@hachyderm.io Location Nashville Education Bootcamp Grad Pronouns He/Him Work Fullstack Developer Joined Mar 5, 2017 • Jan 5 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Created "Hello There" gif template. Works just like the article states. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow I'm a friendly, non-dev, cisgender guy from NC who enjoys playing music/making noise, hiking, eating veggies, and hanging out with my best friend/wife + our 3 kitties + 1 greyhound. Email mct3545@gmail.com Location North Carolina Education BFA in Creative Writing Pronouns he/him Work Senior Community Manager at DEV Joined Oct 24, 2017 • Jan 5 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wooty woot! I really do think this feature is prime for GIF'ing, haha. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Hoang Le Engineering leader. Founder @ INNOMIZE. Building cloud-native systems for startups. Writing about platform engineering and technical leadership at Builds that Last. Location Vietnam Joined Joined on Oct 26, 2019 Personal website https://www.innomizetech.com github website twitter website Education The Degree of Engineer Information Technology Work Co-Founder, CEO, CTO at INNOMIZE Six Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least six years. Got it Close Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close 4 Week Writing Streak You've posted at least one post per week for 4 consecutive weeks! Got it Close More info about @hoangleitvn Organizations INNOMIZE Skills/Languages Specialist in cloud architecture and system design. Generalist across the stack — whatever it takes to ship products that last. Currently learning AI-assisted development workflows, platform engineering patterns, and how to help founders ship faster without sacrificing quality. Always exploring what's new in AWS and Kubernetes. Currently hacking on Building cloud-native systems for startups at INNOMIZE. Writing about engineering leadership and platform engineering at Builds that Last. Available for Technical discussions on cloud architecture, serverless vs containers, and platform engineering. Building something? Happy to chat about your architecture decisions. Post 19 posts published Comment 18 comments written Tag 34 tags followed The Builds That Last Manifesto Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow Jan 11 The Builds That Last Manifesto # programming # career # productivity # architecture Comments Add Comment 4 min read Want to connect with Hoang Le? Create an account to connect with Hoang Le. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in AWS re:Invent 2025: 3 Announcements That Matter for Your Architecture Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow Jan 7 AWS re:Invent 2025: 3 Announcements That Matter for Your Architecture # aws # kubernetes # devops # serverless 15 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Exploring Serverless Billing Management: Architecture and Cost Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow Nov 7 '23 Exploring Serverless Billing Management: Architecture and Cost # aws # serverless # cloudcomputing # technicalsolution Comments Add Comment 11 min read Continuous Delivery - Deploying a Node.js app to AWS EC2 using Ansible Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow Feb 3 '20 Continuous Delivery - Deploying a Node.js app to AWS EC2 using Ansible # devops # ansible # iac 13 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Check list to avoid scam for Freelancer Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow Dec 26 '19 Check list to avoid scam for Freelancer # freelancer # scam 9 reactions Comments 3 comments 2 min read re:Invent 2019 announcements Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow Dec 20 '19 re:Invent 2019 announcements # news # aws 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read A brief summary of JavaScript Learning Path Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow Dec 20 '19 A brief summary of JavaScript Learning Path # javascript # beginners # typescript 101 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read 07 best practices when using AWS SSM Parameter Store Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow Nov 21 '19 07 best practices when using AWS SSM Parameter Store # security # serverless # aws # ssm 22 reactions Comments 4 comments 10 min read What are the best ways to explore Singapore IT startup projects? Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow Nov 19 '19 What are the best ways to explore Singapore IT startup projects? # startup # outsourcing 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read My Cloud computing journey Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow Nov 16 '19 My Cloud computing journey # journey # cloudcomputing # clouddev # learning 13 reactions Comments Add Comment 14 min read Top reasons why we use AWS CDK over CloudFormation Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow Nov 12 '19 Top reasons why we use AWS CDK over CloudFormation # aws # awscdk # cloudformation # devops 49 reactions Comments 2 comments 6 min read Top serverless plugins we are using Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow Nov 6 '19 Top serverless plugins we are using # serverless # aws # opensource 29 reactions Comments 3 comments 6 min read How to toggle Vpc configuration per stage? Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow Nov 5 '19 How to toggle Vpc configuration per stage? # serverless # aws # lambda # vpc 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Give me a sentence describes the benefits of writing technical articles Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow Nov 4 '19 Give me a sentence describes the benefits of writing technical articles # blog # article # writing 4 reactions Comments 6 comments 1 min read Building serverless web crawler with Puppeteer on AWS Fargate Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow Nov 1 '19 Building serverless web crawler with Puppeteer on AWS Fargate # serverless # aws # puppeteer # awsfargate 32 reactions Comments 4 comments 13 min read How to build, test and deploy lambda function to AWS? Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow Oct 28 '19 How to build, test and deploy lambda function to AWS? # serverless # aws # node 37 reactions Comments Add Comment 11 min read What is Node.js and why it becomes more popular? Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow Oct 28 '19 What is Node.js and why it becomes more popular? # node # javascript 12 reactions Comments 1 comment 7 min read Quickly Installing And Running Neo4j Using Ansible On AWS Cloud Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow for INNOMIZE Oct 28 '19 Quickly Installing And Running Neo4j Using Ansible On AWS Cloud # ansible # devops # aws # database 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read How do we host our static website Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow for INNOMIZE Oct 26 '19 How do we host our static website # serverless # devops # aws 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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http://opensource.org/docs/osd | The Open Source Definition – Open Source Initiative Skip to content Get involved About Licenses Open Source Definition Open Source AI Programs Blog Get involved About Licenses Open Source Definition Open Source AI Programs Blog Open Main Menu Home The Open Source Definition The Open Source Definition Page created on July 7, 2006 | Last modified on February 16, 2024 Introduction Open source doesn’t just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open source software must comply with the following criteria: 1. Free Redistribution The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as a component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several different sources. The license shall not require a royalty or other fee for such sale. 2. Source Code The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as well as compiled form. Where some form of a product is not distributed with source code, there must be a well-publicized means of obtaining the source code for no more than a reasonable reproduction cost, preferably downloading via the Internet without charge. The source code must be the preferred form in which a programmer would modify the program. Deliberately obfuscated source code is not allowed. Intermediate forms such as the output of a preprocessor or translator are not allowed. 3. Derived Works The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software. 4. Integrity of The Author’s Source Code The license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified form only if the license allows the distribution of “patch files” with the source code for the purpose of modifying the program at build time. The license must explicitly permit distribution of software built from modified source code. The license may require derived works to carry a different name or version number from the original software. 5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons. 6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the program from being used in a business, or from being used for genetic research. 7. Distribution of License The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties. 8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product The rights attached to the program must not depend on the program’s being part of a particular software distribution. If the program is extracted from that distribution and used or distributed within the terms of the program’s license, all parties to whom the program is redistributed should have the same rights as those that are granted in conjunction with the original software distribution. 9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software The license must not place restrictions on other software that is distributed along with the licensed software. For example, the license must not insist that all other programs distributed on the same medium must be open source software. 10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral No provision of the license may be predicated on any individual technology or style of interface. The Open Source Definition was originally derived from the Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG). Version 1.9, last modified, 2007-03-22 Here’s the historical “ Annotated OSD ” from the early 2000’s. 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https://dev.to/shubham-theqa/why-cotester-stands-out-as-the-most-efficient-ai-testing-agent-4h8h | Why CoTester Stands Out as the Most Efficient AI Testing Agent - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Shubham Joshi Posted on Feb 13, 2025 Why CoTester Stands Out as the Most Efficient AI Testing Agent # ai # testing # webdev # cotester As the competition among software companies intensifies, the need for better testing methods and tools to ensure perfect apps has risen significantly. Test automation is the widely preferred testing approach by most organizations. According to Gartner, after adopting automation testing, company leaders reported 43% improved accuracy and wider test coverage of 40%. With technology progressing rapidly, testing methods have gone a step further in the form of AI-driven testing, transforming QA processes like never before. AI in test automation has become a necessity rather than a choice since it helps developers meet tight deadlines and guarantee the best quality. Many AI-based platforms have emerged in recent years. However, not all of them meet the expectations of QA teams. Among AI-testing solutions, CoTester is an AI testing agent that has gained a reputation for being the most efficient platform for testing applications. This blog will explore the hurdles that testers using traditional automation methods face and how CoTester helps overcome them with ease. How CoTester Makes Testing More Efficient Those who use conventional automated testing encounter some of the following difficulties. All these issues are surpassed effortlessly while using CoTester. Let us look at these aspects one by one: 1. Choosing the Right Testing Tool The first difficulty that is characteristic of traditional automation testing is the selection of the appropriate tools. Many of the frameworks are code-based, and as such, non-programmers cannot work with them in most cases. This results in more training of technical and non-technical staff and more frequent communication between them, as well as time and money being wasted. How CoTester Solves This: CoTester is pre-trained with a broad knowledge of different tools and testing frameworks such as Selenium, Appium, and Cucumber. It can easily be implemented into your current processes, needs only minimal training, and does not involve much technical and non-technical team coordination. CoTester can be easily adjusted to the needs of your team, and it will help increase productivity from the first day. 2. Streamlining Collaboration Effective communication and collaboration between developers, testers, and stakeholders are crucial for successful testing. In traditional environments, misunderstandings can occur, causing things like deploying a feature before the tests for it are prepared. How CoTester Solves This: CoTester also aids smooth work integration with other tools for project management like Slack, JIRA, or GitHub. This facilitates quick interaction and avoids confusion or misunderstandings, thus boosting team productivity. 3. Ensuring Data Security In traditional automation testing, there are always high risks associated with the handling of user data. Information transmitted between the teams or provided for training is often not fully protected and, therefore, vulnerable to leakage. How CoTester Solves This: CoTester makes certain that all the information that is uploaded during testing is secure and within organizational jurisdiction. It operates with high data privacy measures, with no data transferred between different deployments. This focus creates protection that tends to ensure that information flows to the wrong people. 4. Flexibility in Communication Most of the AI testing tools are programmed to adhere to syntax rules, and this implies that the users have to type commands in the right format even if they are using natural language like English. This can decrease the ease of the testing process, making the testing of the application rigid and less intuitive since the user has to learn and follow exact instructions. How CoTester Solves This: CoTester differs from other tools in that it employs true AI that can recognize the user’s intent without being fixated on the correct syntax. This means you can communicate with CoTester in a more natural and flexible way and do not have to stick to the script and command structure. CoTester can recognize a typed question and answer it, or if you assign it a task, it will be able to complete it. This makes the testing process much more friendly, and you can use it like a human assistant without having to worry about technical barriers. Other Advantages CoTester Offers CoTester removes the difficulty of software testing and makes it smoother in these ways: 1.Streamlined Knowledge Management CoTester makes it easy to access information by storing all files and assets in one place. It is as simple as clicking the Document icon and choosing the “+Add More” button to add or remove files. This ensures that your test cases remain accurate and valuable information does not get overwritten. 2.Step-by-Step Test Workflow CoTester provides descriptions of the test cases and an editor to help a user navigate through the automation process. This feature shows how automatic interactions take place with elements such as web forms, helping you to easily comprehend and refine the sequence. 3.Quick Test Execution and Debugging With the debug option, you can execute test cases created by AI to check their correctness. CoTester shows the execution logs, screenshots, and results of each step in order to help you locate and solve problems. You can also manually edit test cases by either adding or deleting steps as necessary, saving time and energy. 4.Flexible Automation for Web Applications CoTester is also very useful for testing web applications like Salesforce workflows and login authentication. It ensures that all the access controls and authentication flows are safe and optimum. 5.Easy Modifications via Chat CoTester provides a chat interface for editing test cases with the help of basic commands. If you wish to modify certain steps or even rearrange the flow, CoTester will do it for you, and this makes the testing faster and more efficient. Conclusion If you are still using traditional automation testing, you should integrate AI testing with your processes and enjoy the advantages of increased accuracy, faster testing, and quicker delivery to the market. CoTester, your testing companion, will help you find and eliminate defects and bugs before the application is released and ensure that your software meets the user’s expectations of high performance and a positive experience. For more details, readers may refer to topsoftwarecompanies.co. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Shubham Joshi Follow Passionate QA Engineer dedicated to ensuring software quality through meticulous testing. 🚀 Location Pontotoc, Texas, USA Joined Feb 4, 2025 More from Shubham Joshi Endurance Testing: Ensuring Long-Term Stability Under Continuous Load # testing # webdev # ai # programming Concurrency Testing: Ensuring System Stability Under Parallel Use # testing # webdev # programming # ai Record and Playback vs Scriptless Testing: Who Wins in Test Reusability? # testing # webdev # ai # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/achu1612 | Achyuta Das - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions Achyuta Das A bored but creative developer with a strong interest in golang, rust and Cloud-Native technologies. Location Bangalore Joined Joined on Apr 10, 2021 github website Work SDE3 at Hewlett Packard Enterprise More info about @achu1612 Badges Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. 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Got it Close Skills/Languages Golang, Rust, cloud native technologies Post 8 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 5 tags followed HA K8s cluster using kube-vip Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Follow Jan 9 HA K8s cluster using kube-vip # cluster # kubernetes # tutorial Comments Add Comment 4 min read HA K8s cluster using Keepalived and HAProxy Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Follow Jan 9 HA K8s cluster using Keepalived and HAProxy # cluster # kubernetes # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read Optional FDE in ubuntu using initrd hooks Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Follow Jun 25 '25 Optional FDE in ubuntu using initrd hooks # linux # encryption # security 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Full Disk Encryption (FDE) with Ubuntu Autoinstall Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Follow Jun 25 '25 Full Disk Encryption (FDE) with Ubuntu Autoinstall # linux # security # encryption 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Disk Encryption using LUKS and TPM2.0 Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Follow May 25 '25 Disk Encryption using LUKS and TPM2.0 # linux # security 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read Introducing inmem – Lightweight Go Cache Engine with Built-in Sharding, Transaction, and Eviction Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Follow Apr 23 '25 Introducing inmem – Lightweight Go Cache Engine with Built-in Sharding, Transaction, and Eviction # go # cache 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Fluent-bit as a sidecar in Pod Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Follow Dec 20 '21 Fluent-bit as a sidecar in Pod # kubernetes # logging # fluent # devops 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read CI/CD for Kubernetes using GitHub Actions, and Keel Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Follow Apr 13 '21 CI/CD for Kubernetes using GitHub Actions, and Keel # kubernetes # docker # go # devops 25 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/project/page/9 | Project Page 9 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # project Follow Hide Create Post Older #project posts 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Plan like a Pro with Automatic Scheduling in Taskjuggler Rafik Naccache Rafik Naccache Rafik Naccache Follow Jul 3 '20 Plan like a Pro with Automatic Scheduling in Taskjuggler # productivity # project # management # tasks 11 reactions Comments 2 comments 7 min read FreeCodeCamp take home project 2- Wikipedia previewer. Agbanusi John Agbanusi John Agbanusi John Follow Jul 1 '20 FreeCodeCamp take home project 2- Wikipedia previewer. # javascript # react # project # freecodecamp 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Is there a way to start out in product development / project management right out of college? Sakshat Sakshat Sakshat Follow Jun 28 '20 Is there a way to start out in product development / project management right out of college? # discuss # project # management # development 14 reactions Comments 3 comments 1 min read be-good: Simple and Flexible Data Decoders for TypeScript Sergey Samokhov Sergey Samokhov Sergey Samokhov Follow Jun 24 '20 be-good: Simple and Flexible Data Decoders for TypeScript # typescript # json # decoder # project 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read Create a project in less than a year - Study the market Noëlie Noëlie Noëlie Follow Jun 16 '20 Create a project in less than a year - Study the market # startup # career # project # productivity 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read How I have created my own technological survey with node.js and Gitlab CI/CD. jenoH jenoH jenoH Follow Jun 11 '20 How I have created my own technological survey with node.js and Gitlab CI/CD. # node # javascript # project # beginners 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Create a project in less than a year - Find the idea Noëlie Noëlie Noëlie Follow Jun 9 '20 Create a project in less than a year - Find the idea # project # career # productivity # startup 27 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Download a whole YouTube Playlist at one go Trideep Barik Trideep Barik Trideep Barik Follow for Spectrum Club May 24 '20 Download a whole YouTube Playlist at one go # python # project # webscraping # beginners 247 reactions Comments 27 comments 5 min read I just launch my first product ! 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https://dev.to/thelogicwarlock/provider-agnostic-chat-in-react-webllm-local-mode-remote-fallback-25dd#comments | Provider-Agnostic Chat in React: WebLLM Local Mode + Remote Fallback - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Kaemon Lovendahl Posted on Jan 7 • Originally published at glitchedgoblet.blog Provider-Agnostic Chat in React: WebLLM Local Mode + Remote Fallback # webdev # react # webllm # frontend Intro Most LLM apps have the same shape. Ship text to a server, pay per token, and pray the Wi-Fi stays up. WebLLM is the fun twist. It runs an LLM inside the browser using WebGPU. That unlocks privacy-friendly demos, offline-ish behavior, and a new kind of “deployment” where your biggest backend cost is your user’s laptop fan spinning up like it just saw a Dark Souls boss. The goal here is simple: one chat UI, one message format, two interchangeable “brains”: Local provider: WebLLM in the browser (WebGPU) Remote provider: a server endpoint with an OpenAI-compatible shape (Next.js route handler) tldr; Build a tiny chat app where switching between local WebLLM and a remote model is just a dropdown. Setting Up / Prerequisites Node 18+ (20+ preferred) A modern Chromium browser with WebGPU enabled (Chrome or Edge is easiest) Basic React + TypeScript comfort Optional but recommended: A machine with decent RAM. Smaller laptops can run it, but you will feel the pain sooner. Patience for the first model download. Implementation Steps Step 1: Create the app (Vite + React) npm create vite@latest webllm-dual-provider-chat -- --template react-ts cd webllm-dual-provider-chat npm i npm i @mlc-ai/web-llm npm run dev Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode You now have a normal React app that will become a “two-brain” chat UI. Step 2: Define a provider interface This interface is the entire trick. The UI does not care how tokens appear, only that they stream in. In src/ai/types.ts: export type Role = " system " | " user " | " assistant " ; export type ChatMessage = { role : Role ; content : string ; }; export type StreamChunk = { delta : string ; done ?: boolean ; }; export type ChatProvider = { id : string ; label : string ; // Called once when selecting this provider (load model, warmup, etc.) init ?: ( opts ?: { signal ?: AbortSignal ; onStatus ?: ( s : string ) => void ; }) => Promise < void > ; // Stream response tokens/chunks streamChat : ( args : { messages : ChatMessage []; signal ?: AbortSignal ; onChunk : ( chunk : StreamChunk ) => void ; onStatus ?: ( s : string ) => void ; }) => Promise < void > ; // Optional cleanup dispose ?: () => Promise < void > ; }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode From this point forward, everything is just “implement the interface.” Step 3: Implement the WebLLM local provider Two important realities: First run downloads a model. This can be big. Show status text so it does not look frozen. WebGPU is not universal. Feature detect and fall back. Also, use a model ID that actually works, this one worked at time of writing: Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-q4f32_1-MLC In src/ai/webllmProvider.ts import type { ChatMessage , ChatProvider } from " ./types " ; import * as webllm from " @mlc-ai/web-llm " ; function toWebLLMMessages ( messages : ChatMessage [] ): webllm . ChatCompletionMessageParam [] { return messages . map (( m ) => ({ role : m . role , content : m . content })); } export function createWebLLMProvider ( modelId = " Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-q4f32_1-MLC " ): ChatProvider { let engine : webllm . MLCEngineInterface | null = null ; const init : ChatProvider [ " init " ] = async ({ signal , onStatus } = {}) => { if ( ! ( " gpu " in navigator )) { throw new Error ( " WebGPU not available in this browser. " ); } if ( engine ) return ; onStatus ?.( " Initializing WebLLM engine... " ); engine = await webllm . CreateMLCEngine ( modelId , { initProgressCallback : ( p ) => { const msg = typeof p === " string " ? p : ( p as any )?. text ?? " Loading model... " ; onStatus ?.( msg ); }, }); onStatus ?.( " Warming up... " ); await engine . chat . completions . create ({ messages : [{ role : " user " , content : " Say 'ready'. " }], temperature : 0 , }); onStatus ?.( " Ready. " ); signal ?. throwIfAborted ?.(); }; return { id : " local-webllm " , label : " Local (WebLLM) " , init , streamChat : async ({ messages , signal , onChunk , onStatus }) => { if ( ! engine ) { onStatus ?.( " Engine not initialized. Initializing now... " ); await init ({ signal , onStatus }); } if ( ! engine ) throw new Error ( " WebLLM engine failed to initialize. " ); onStatus ?.( " Generating... " ); const resp = await engine . chat . completions . create ({ messages : toWebLLMMessages ( messages ), stream : true , temperature : 0.7 , }); for await ( const event of resp ) { signal ?. throwIfAborted ?.(); const delta = event . choices ?.[ 0 ]?. delta ?. content ?? "" ; // Optional cleanup if your model spits template markers const cleaned = delta . replaceAll ( " <|start_header_id|> " , "" ) . replaceAll ( " <|end_header_id|> " , "" ); if ( cleaned ) onChunk ({ delta : cleaned }); } onChunk ({ delta : "" , done : true }); onStatus ?.( " Done. " ); }, dispose : async () => { // Some builds expose engine.dispose(). If not, dropping the reference is fine. // @ts-expect-error optional await engine ?. dispose ?.(); engine = null ; }, }; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Model IDs can change across releases and builds. If a model ID fails to load you just need to find the updated one. Step 4: Implement the remote provider client Same contract, same streaming shape. The UI should not have to care if the text came from WebGPU wizardry or a server in a trench coat. You can skip this step if you prefer to only have a local provider. In src/ai/remoteProvider.ts import type { ChatProvider } from " ./types " ; export function createRemoteProvider ( endpoint = " /api/chat " ): ChatProvider { return { id : " remote " , label : " Remote (Server) " , streamChat : async ({ messages , signal , onChunk , onStatus }) => { onStatus ?.( " Contacting server... " ); const res = await fetch ( endpoint , { method : " POST " , headers : { " Content-Type " : " application/json " }, body : JSON . stringify ({ messages }), signal , }); if ( ! res . ok || ! res . body ) { throw new Error ( `Remote provider error: ${ res . status } ` ); } onStatus ?.( " Streaming... " ); const reader = res . body . getReader (); const decoder = new TextDecoder (); while ( true ) { const { value , done } = await reader . read (); if ( done ) break ; const text = decoder . decode ( value , { stream : true }); if ( text ) onChunk ({ delta : text }); } onChunk ({ delta : "" , done : true }); onStatus ?.( " Done. " ); }, }; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 5: Add a Next.js route handler for /api/chat You can skip this step if you prefer to only have a local provider. This route handler: receives { messages } from the client calls OpenAI’s Responses API with stream: true converts the SSE stream into a plain text stream your Vite client already understands In app/api/chat/route.ts export const runtime = " edge " ; type Role = " system " | " user " | " assistant " ; type ChatMessage = { role : Role ; content : string }; export async function POST ( req : Request ) { const { messages } = ( await req . json ()) as { messages : ChatMessage [] }; const apiKey = process . env . OPENAI_API_KEY ; if ( ! apiKey ) { return new Response ( " Missing OPENAI_API_KEY " , { status : 500 }); } const model = process . env . OPENAI_MODEL || " gpt-4o-mini " ; const upstream = await fetch ( " https://api.openai.com/v1/responses " , { method : " POST " , headers : { Authorization : `Bearer ${ apiKey } ` , " Content-Type " : " application/json " , }, body : JSON . stringify ({ model , stream : true , input : messages . map (( m ) => ({ role : m . role , content : [{ type : " input_text " , text : m . content }], })), text : { format : { type : " text " } }, }), }); if ( ! upstream . ok || ! upstream . body ) { const errText = await upstream . text (). catch (() => "" ); return new Response ( `Upstream error ( ${ upstream . status } ): ${ errText } ` , { status : 500 , }); } const encoder = new TextEncoder (); const decoder = new TextDecoder (); let buffer = "" ; const stream = new ReadableStream < Uint8Array > ({ async start ( controller ) { const reader = upstream . body ! . getReader (); try { while ( true ) { const { value , done } = await reader . read (); if ( done ) break ; buffer += decoder . decode ( value , { stream : true }); // SSE events are separated by a blank line let idx ; while (( idx = buffer . indexOf ( " \n\n " )) !== - 1 ) { const rawEvent = buffer . slice ( 0 , idx ); buffer = buffer . slice ( idx + 2 ); const dataLines = rawEvent . split ( " \n " ) . filter (( line ) => line . startsWith ( " data: " )) . map (( line ) => line . replace ( /^data: \s? / , "" ). trim ()); for ( const data of dataLines ) { if ( ! data ) continue ; if ( data === " [DONE] " ) { controller . close (); return ; } let evt : any ; try { evt = JSON . parse ( data ); } catch { continue ; } if ( evt . type === " response.output_text.delta " && typeof evt . delta === " string " ) { controller . enqueue ( encoder . encode ( evt . delta )); } } } } } catch ( e ) { controller . error ( e ); } finally { controller . close (); } }, }); return new Response ( stream , { headers : { " Content-Type " : " text/plain; charset=utf-8 " , " Cache-Control " : " no-cache, no-transform " , }, }); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Running Next.js alongside Vite without CORS pain If the chat UI is running on Vite ( localhost:5173 ) and Next.js is running on localhost:3000 , calling /api/chat from Vite will hit Vite’s server, not Next. The easy fix is a dev proxy. Update vite.config.ts : import { defineConfig } from " vite " ; import react from " @vitejs/plugin-react " ; export default defineConfig ({ plugins : [ react ()], server : { proxy : { " /api " : " http://localhost:3000 " , }, }, }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now the client can keep using createRemoteProvider("/api/chat") and Vite will forward it to Next. Environment variables for Next.js Create .env.local in the Next.js project: OPENAI_API_KEY = your_key_here OPENAI_MODEL = gpt-4o-mini Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 6: Build the chat hook (provider-agnostic brain socket) The whole job of this hook is to: manage messages manage streaming state route the “append these tokens” events into the last assistant message The sharp edge: streaming makes state bugs very obvious. If you mutate the last message in place, React will punish you with duplication weirdness, especially in dev. So we update the last message immutably . In src/hooks/useChat.ts import { useMemo , useRef , useState } from " react " ; import type { ChatMessage , ChatProvider } from " ../ai/types " ; export function useChat ( providers : ChatProvider []) { const [ providerId , setProviderId ] = useState ( providers [ 0 ]?. id ?? "" ); const provider = useMemo ( () => providers . find (( p ) => p . id === providerId ) ! , [ providers , providerId ] ); const [ messages , setMessages ] = useState < ChatMessage [] > ([ { role : " system " , content : " You are a helpful assistant. " }, ]); const [ status , setStatus ] = useState < string > ( "" ); const [ isStreaming , setIsStreaming ] = useState ( false ); const abortRef = useRef < AbortController | null > ( null ); async function selectProvider ( nextId : string ) { abortRef . current ?. abort (); setProviderId ( nextId ); const next = providers . find (( p ) => p . id === nextId ); if ( next ?. init ) { setStatus ( " Preparing provider... " ); try { await next . init ({ onStatus : setStatus }); } catch ( e : any ) { setStatus ( e ?. message ?? " Failed to initialize provider. " ); } } } async function send ( userText : string ) { if ( ! userText . trim ()) return ; if ( isStreaming ) return ; abortRef . current ?. abort (); abortRef . current = new AbortController (); const userMsg : ChatMessage = { role : " user " , content : userText }; // Add user + placeholder assistant setMessages (( prev ) => [... prev , userMsg , { role : " assistant " , content : "" }]); setIsStreaming ( true ); setStatus ( "" ); try { await provider . streamChat ({ messages : [... messages , userMsg ], // good enough for a demo signal : abortRef . current . signal , onStatus : setStatus , onChunk : ({ delta , done }) => { if ( delta ) { setMessages (( prev ) => { const last = prev [ prev . length - 1 ]; if ( ! last || last . role !== " assistant " ) return prev ; // Immutable update const updatedLast = { ... last , content : last . content + delta }; return [... prev . slice ( 0 , - 1 ), updatedLast ]; }); } if ( done ) setIsStreaming ( false ); }, }); } catch ( e : any ) { setIsStreaming ( false ); setStatus ( e ?. message ?? " Error while streaming. " ); } } function stop () { abortRef . current ?. abort (); setIsStreaming ( false ); setStatus ( " Stopped. " ); } return { providers , providerId , provider , messages , status , isStreaming , selectProvider , send , stop , }; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode React state closure note: messages: [...messages, userMsg] uses the current render’s messages . For normal chat usage, that is fine. If you want to harden it, store messages in a ref and read from that when starting the stream. Step 7: UI component Keep it simple. Treat the provider dropdown as a “brain toggle” and let the rest of the UI stay boring on purpose. In src/App.tsx import { useEffect , useMemo , useState } from " react " ; import { createWebLLMProvider } from " ./ai/webllmProvider " ; import { createRemoteProvider } from " ./ai/remoteProvider " ; import { useChat } from " ./hooks/useChat " ; export default function App () { const providers = useMemo ( () => [ createWebLLMProvider (), createRemoteProvider ( " /api/chat " )], [] ); const chat = useChat ( providers ); const [ input , setInput ] = useState ( "" ); useEffect (() => { chat . selectProvider ( chat . providerId ); // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps }, []); return ( < div style = { { maxWidth : 900 , margin : " 0 auto " , padding : 16 , fontFamily : " system-ui " } } > < h1 > Dual Provider Chat </ h1 > < div style = { { display : " flex " , gap : 12 , alignItems : " center " } } > < label > Provider { " " } < select value = { chat . providerId } onChange = { ( e ) => chat . selectProvider ( e . target . value ) } disabled = { chat . isStreaming } > { chat . providers . map (( p ) => ( < option key = { p . id } value = { p . id } > { p . label } </ option > )) } </ select > </ label > < div style = { { opacity : 0.8 } } > { chat . status } </ div > { chat . isStreaming && < button onClick = { chat . stop } > Stop </ button > } </ div > < div style = { { marginTop : 16 , border : " 1px solid #ddd " , borderRadius : 8 , padding : 12 , minHeight : 300 } } > { chat . messages . filter (( m ) => m . role !== " system " ) . map (( m , idx ) => ( < div key = { idx } style = { { marginBottom : 12 } } > < div style = { { fontWeight : 700 } } > { m . role } </ div > < div style = { { whiteSpace : " pre-wrap " } } > { m . content } </ div > </ div > )) } </ div > < form onSubmit = { ( e ) => { e . preventDefault (); chat . send ( input ); setInput ( "" ); } } style = { { display : " flex " , gap : 8 , marginTop : 12 } } > < input value = { input } onChange = { ( e ) => setInput ( e . target . value ) } placeholder = "Say something..." style = { { flex : 1 , padding : 10 } } disabled = { chat . isStreaming } /> < button type = "submit" disabled = { chat . isStreaming } > Send </ button > </ form > </ div > ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode At this point you have: a local WebGPU chat provider a remote API chat provider a UI that can swap between them without rewriting anything Why this setup is worth having 1) Privacy-first features without a backend If the user’s text is sensitive (journaling, medical notes, internal docs), local mode keeps content on-device by default. 2) Cost control and “free” demos Local mode is effectively “free per token” after the download. It is great for: prototypes workshops dev tooling weekend projects that should not come with a monthly bill 3) Graceful degradation Local mode can be an upgrade path instead of a requirement: WebGPU available: local WebGPU missing: remote fallback 4) Offline-ish UX for specific workflows Full offline is tricky, but “no server call needed for this” is still a huge win for: rewriting text summarizing quick Q&A over content already in the browser Real Talk Download time: first load can be chunky. People will assume it is broken unless you show progress. Device limits: mobile can struggle. Low-RAM machines can crash tabs or throttle hard. WebGPU support: treat local mode as progressive enhancement, not a hard dependency. Privacy win: local mode avoids shipping user text to your server by default. Cost win: local mode shifts the cost to user compute, which is nice until it is not. Watch outs and gotchas Token junk like <|start_header_id|> Some model builds emit template markers. Filtering them out is fine for demos. For cleaner output long-term, experiment with model choices and chat templates. Local models are not remote models Expect differences: weaker instruction following more formatting quirks occasional “why are you like this” moments Possible Improvements Model picker UI dropdown of model IDs persist selection in localStorage show estimated download size if available Provider router auto-pick local if WebGPU exists auto-fallback to remote if init fails show a small badge: “Local” or “Remote” Conversation memory controls send last N messages only auto-summarize older messages (local if possible) Structured output mode have the assistant return JSON “actions” validate with zod before rendering anything Outro A provider boundary is one of those small architectural choices that pays rent forever. Models change, vendors change, pricing changes, browser capabilities evolve. A chat UI that can swap brains is a lot harder to paint into a corner. Also, it is extremely satisfying to flip a dropdown and make your browser turn into a tiny AI workstation. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Kaemon Lovendahl Follow Kaemon Lovendahl, Logic Warlock of the 15th Realm of Remotia, Master of Tests and Documentation, Manipulator of Logic, Devourer of Bugs, Champion of the Great Hall of Objects. Location Massachusetts Education Self Taught Pronouns he/him Work Software Engineer at Oddball Joined Oct 21, 2019 More from Kaemon Lovendahl Designing for AI Browsers: When Your User Has a Copilot # webdev # ai # browser # frontend “Assign to Copilot” Explained: What GitHub’s Coding Agent Actually Does # programming # ai # githubcopilot # webdev Build a Desktop-Friendly Podcast App with Next.js # nextjs # webdev # podcast # javascript 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # resources Follow Hide Sharing helpful articles, tools, and learning materials Create Post Older #resources posts 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Automatiser le rebalancement de portefeuille avec une API (exemple pratique) Joachim DINGOME Joachim DINGOME Joachim DINGOME Follow Oct 10 '25 Automatiser le rebalancement de portefeuille avec une API (exemple pratique) # api # resources # developer # bitcoin Comments Add Comment 2 min read Postgres tuning using feedback loops Mircea Cadariu Mircea Cadariu Mircea Cadariu Follow Nov 15 '25 Postgres tuning using feedback loops # database # postgres # programming # resources 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read I built a free global VC directory (1,500+ firms, no signup) Krzysztof Krzysztof Krzysztof Follow Oct 7 '25 I built a free global VC directory (1,500+ firms, no signup) # showdev # resources # startup Comments Add Comment 1 min read WordPress 6.9: New Features and What’s Next Medha Bhatt Medha Bhatt Medha Bhatt Follow Oct 30 '25 WordPress 6.9: New Features and What’s Next # wordpress # webdev # learning # resources Comments Add Comment 7 min read I Got Tired of Googling Simple Tools, So I Built One Site with 500+ of Them jayasurya jeyakodi jayasurya jeyakodi jayasurya jeyakodi Follow Nov 10 '25 I Got Tired of Googling Simple Tools, So I Built One Site with 500+ of Them # resources # productivity # tooling Comments 2 comments 3 min read Top Free Shadcn UI Block and Component Libraries for Modern Web Developers naymur naymur naymur Follow Nov 8 '25 Top Free Shadcn UI Block and Component Libraries for Modern Web Developers # shadcn # webdev # opensource # resources Comments Add Comment 2 min read From Binary to Brilliance: How Compilers Learned to Write Compilers a.k.a Bootstrapping Biswas Prasana Swain Biswas Prasana Swain Biswas Prasana Swain Follow Oct 27 '25 From Binary to Brilliance: How Compilers Learned to Write Compilers a.k.a Bootstrapping # programming # learning # resources # computerscience 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Design Meets Code: The Art of Typography with Koplexs Studio Koplexs Studio Koplexs Studio Koplexs Studio Follow Oct 19 '25 Design Meets Code: The Art of Typography with Koplexs Studio # design # resources Comments Add Comment 2 min read Java Collections Cheat Sheet with Examples ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Nov 7 '25 Java Collections Cheat Sheet with Examples # beginners # java # resources # interview Comments Add Comment 3 min read What Does Odoo Migration Really Cost? A Transparent Pricing Breakdown for 2025 Aspire Softserv Aspire Softserv Aspire Softserv Follow Nov 7 '25 What Does Odoo Migration Really Cost? A Transparent Pricing Breakdown for 2025 # management # opensource # resources 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Where can I download a Markdown document editor for free? Shruti Mishra Shruti Mishra Shruti Mishra Follow Oct 3 '25 Where can I download a Markdown document editor for free? # help # writing # resources # tooling Comments Add Comment 1 min read Five Super Handy Online Tools UpWriter UpWriter UpWriter Follow Oct 2 '25 Five Super Handy Online Tools # productivity # resources # website 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read 650+ Frontend Interview Questions (JavaScript, React, Next.js & More) — My Complete Prep Journey Sachin Maurya Sachin Maurya Sachin Maurya Follow Nov 1 '25 650+ Frontend Interview Questions (JavaScript, React, Next.js & More) — My Complete Prep Journey # resources # interview # javascript # react 16 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read Best UI Animation Libraries for Web & Mobile Developers Tamim Ahmed Tamim Ahmed Tamim Ahmed Follow Oct 1 '25 Best UI Animation Libraries for Web & Mobile Developers # ui # mobile # webdev # resources 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🔖 How I Keep My Bookmarks in Sync (Without Yet Another Bookmarking App) Abhishek Gowda Abhishek Gowda Abhishek Gowda Follow Oct 4 '25 🔖 How I Keep My Bookmarks in Sync (Without Yet Another Bookmarking App) # productivity # cloud # github # resources Comments Add Comment 3 min read JetBrains ReSharper for Visual Studio Karen Payne Karen Payne Karen Payne Follow Nov 2 '25 JetBrains ReSharper for Visual Studio # csharp # productivity # resources Comments Add Comment 9 min read 🧹 Garbage Collection (GC) in Java Mohammed mhanna Mohammed mhanna Mohammed mhanna Follow Oct 12 '25 🧹 Garbage Collection (GC) in Java # developer # resources # software # computerscience 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Everything You Need to Know About AI — In One Repository Dhanush N Dhanush N Dhanush N Follow Nov 2 '25 Everything You Need to Know About AI — In One Repository # ai # resources # github # beginners 7 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read Multilayer PCB Manufacturer — an engineer’s practical guide Frank Frank Frank Follow Sep 29 '25 Multilayer PCB Manufacturer — an engineer’s practical guide # design # resources # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read Comment gérer les jours de fermeture boursière dans vos algorithmes de trading Joachim DINGOME Joachim DINGOME Joachim DINGOME Follow Sep 29 '25 Comment gérer les jours de fermeture boursière dans vos algorithmes de trading # api # resources # trading # finance Comments Add Comment 2 min read Cheap PCB Manufacturers — an engineer’s practical guide Frank Frank Frank Follow Sep 29 '25 Cheap PCB Manufacturers — an engineer’s practical guide # design # resources # tooling Comments Add Comment 4 min read i made a free list of 80 places where you can promote your app/starup Krzysztof Krzysztof Krzysztof Follow Oct 3 '25 i made a free list of 80 places where you can promote your app/starup # marketing # resources # startup Comments Add Comment 1 min read Metal Core PCB Manufacturer — an engineer’s practical guide Frank Frank Frank Follow Sep 29 '25 Metal Core PCB Manufacturer — an engineer’s practical guide # design # resources # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read Why the US-100 Sensor Belongs in Your Next Arduino or ESP32 Project julia12 julia12 julia12 Follow Sep 27 '25 Why the US-100 Sensor Belongs in Your Next Arduino or ESP32 Project # iot # resources # robotics Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🚀 Veille Tech Semaine 39 | Symfony CDN, JJ vs Git, PHP 8.4 Fibers & plus ! Mathieu Ledru Mathieu Ledru Mathieu Ledru Follow Sep 26 '25 🚀 Veille Tech Semaine 39 | Symfony CDN, JJ vs Git, PHP 8.4 Fibers & plus ! # news # git # resources # php 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Testing Follow Hide Find those bugs before your users do! 🐛 Create Post Older #testing posts 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu I Tried This Tool for a Week and My Testing Productivity Exploded 🚀 Walse Walse Walse Follow Mar 7 '25 I Tried This Tool for a Week and My Testing Productivity Exploded 🚀 # tooling # productivity # testing # developers 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Exploratory Testing of cars.ng: A User Journey Analysis Juliet Aimalohi Juliet Aimalohi Juliet Aimalohi Follow Feb 6 '25 Exploratory Testing of cars.ng: A User Journey Analysis # beginners # devops # testing # api Comments Add Comment 3 min read Data - UI-Tars VS GPT-4o in Midscene (Part 2) Zhaopeng Xuan Zhaopeng Xuan Zhaopeng Xuan Follow Feb 24 '25 Data - UI-Tars VS GPT-4o in Midscene (Part 2) # webdev # ai # testing # uitars Comments Add Comment 5 min read [Tiny] Gradle, Show Me the Test Logs! Petr Filaretov Petr Filaretov Petr Filaretov Follow Mar 7 '25 [Tiny] Gradle, Show Me the Test Logs! # gradle # testing Comments Add Comment 1 min read 10 Best QA tools that make debugging and bug reporting easier Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Feb 28 '25 10 Best QA tools that make debugging and bug reporting easier # productivity # tooling # testing # ai 69 reactions Comments 11 comments 11 min read The Staging Bottleneck: Microservices Testing in FinTech Signadot Signadot Signadot Follow Feb 24 '25 The Staging Bottleneck: Microservices Testing in FinTech # testing # microservices # fintech # devops 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read testing for product teams - tests reconciliation for non-technicals Chris Enitan Chris Enitan Chris Enitan Follow Mar 7 '25 testing for product teams - tests reconciliation for non-technicals # testing # product # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read Understanding Software Test Coverage Criteria Step by Step: From Line Coverage to MC/DC Yoshi Yoshi Yoshi Follow Mar 7 '25 Understanding Software Test Coverage Criteria Step by Step: From Line Coverage to MC/DC # beginners # testing 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Model-Based Testing in Test Automation Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Feb 5 '25 Model-Based Testing in Test Automation # mbt # testing # automation # markov Comments Add Comment 6 min read API testing with simulation Vol.2 Myroslav Vivcharyk Myroslav Vivcharyk Myroslav Vivcharyk Follow Mar 6 '25 API testing with simulation Vol.2 # go # api # testing # hoverfly Comments Add Comment 11 min read End-to-End SEO Testing with Playwright and Lighthouse Autumn Morgan Autumn Morgan Autumn Morgan Follow Mar 6 '25 End-to-End SEO Testing with Playwright and Lighthouse # seo # testing # playwright # lighthouse 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Improve Your Cypress Tests with the Cypress Testing Library Plugin! Saurabh Naigaonkar Saurabh Naigaonkar Saurabh Naigaonkar Follow Mar 6 '25 Improve Your Cypress Tests with the Cypress Testing Library Plugin! # cypress # ui # testing # webtesting Comments Add Comment 4 min read Mockoon: O Que é e Como Criar APIs Simuladas de Forma Rápida Zoranildo Santos Zoranildo Santos Zoranildo Santos Follow Mar 6 '25 Mockoon: O Que é e Como Criar APIs Simuladas de Forma Rápida # api # development # testing # mocking 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Conduct Performance Testing for Mobile Apps: A Detailed Guide Jennifer Smith Jennifer Smith Jennifer Smith Follow Mar 6 '25 How to Conduct Performance Testing for Mobile Apps: A Detailed Guide # mobile # testing # performance # ux 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Introduction to Storybook: A Guide for UI Development TenE TenE TenE Follow Mar 6 '25 Introduction to Storybook: A Guide for UI Development # storybook # ui # development # testing 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to use @testing-library with @web/test-runner Danny Blue Danny Blue Danny Blue Follow Mar 5 '25 How to use @testing-library with @web/test-runner # webdev # javascript # testing # node 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 1 min read Custom Waiters in Appium: Ensuring Screen Load Before Interaction Serhat Ozdursun Serhat Ozdursun Serhat Ozdursun Follow Mar 5 '25 Custom Waiters in Appium: Ensuring Screen Load Before Interaction # appium # testing # qa # testautomation Comments 2 comments 2 min read Scalable & Efficient: The Advantages of Cloud Automation Testing TestGrid TestGrid TestGrid Follow Mar 5 '25 Scalable & Efficient: The Advantages of Cloud Automation Testing # cloud # webdev # ai # testing 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 12 min read Testing Transformed: QA’s New Role in Digital Transformation Ilam Padmanabhan Ilam Padmanabhan Ilam Padmanabhan Follow Mar 5 '25 Testing Transformed: QA’s New Role in Digital Transformation # qa # testing # softwaretesting 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Cross Browser Testing: A Complete Guide to Website Compatibility Maria Bueno Maria Bueno Maria Bueno Follow Jan 30 '25 Cross Browser Testing: A Complete Guide to Website Compatibility # testing # webdev # automation # beginners Comments Add Comment 5 min read The Future of E2E Testing: How to Overcome Flakiness with Natural Language + LLMs Tom Greenwald Tom Greenwald Tom Greenwald Follow Mar 3 '25 The Future of E2E Testing: How to Overcome Flakiness with Natural Language + LLMs # webdev # ai # testing # frontend 4 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read Introducing Feather Wand: Your AI-Powered Companion for JMeter NaveenKumar Namachivayam ⚡ NaveenKumar Namachivayam ⚡ NaveenKumar Namachivayam ⚡ Follow Mar 4 '25 Introducing Feather Wand: Your AI-Powered Companion for JMeter # java # ai # testing # performance 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read Leveraging Mock Service Workers for NestJS e2e tests Thiago Valentim Thiago Valentim Thiago Valentim Follow Mar 4 '25 Leveraging Mock Service Workers for NestJS e2e tests # nestjs # testing # msw # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 14 min read The Ultimate Guide to Sandbox Environments: Safe & Efficient Software Testing Torin Vale Torin Vale Torin Vale Follow Mar 4 '25 The Ultimate Guide to Sandbox Environments: Safe & Efficient Software Testing # testing # webdev # mobile # programming 6 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read Back in the Classroom Stacy Cashmore Stacy Cashmore Stacy Cashmore Follow Mar 3 '25 Back in the Classroom # learning # testing # students # speaking 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/claudecode/page/3 | Claudecode Page 3 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close # claudecode Follow Hide Create Post Older #claudecode posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu The Ultimate Claude Code Tips Collection (Advent of Claude 2025) Damien Gallagher Damien Gallagher Damien Gallagher Follow Jan 3 The Ultimate Claude Code Tips Collection (Advent of Claude 2025) # claudecode # ai # productivity # devtools 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read Create Reliable Unit Tests with Claude Code Alfredo Perez Alfredo Perez Alfredo Perez Follow Jan 2 Create Reliable Unit Tests with Claude Code # ai # angular # claudecode # testing Comments Add Comment 12 min read I spent 400 hours working with AI agents and found the best one - here it is. Nek.12 Nek.12 Nek.12 Follow Dec 1 '25 I spent 400 hours working with AI agents and found the best one - here it is. # codex # claudecode # aiagents # codingassistants 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 20 min read The Long Road to MVP Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Follow Nov 28 '25 The Long Road to MVP # godot # vibecoding # claudecode # specdrivendevelopmen Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Scanned 13 Popular MCP Servers. Here's What I Found. 🔐 mcp-fortress mcp-fortress mcp-fortress Follow Nov 25 '25 I Scanned 13 Popular MCP Servers. Here's What I Found. 🔐 # security # mcp # ai # claudecode Comments Add Comment 3 min read My AI Assistant Bypassed My Git Commit Blocker Anand Rathnas Anand Rathnas Anand Rathnas Follow Dec 28 '25 My AI Assistant Bypassed My Git Commit Blocker # ai # security # git # claudecode 2 reactions Comments 4 comments 3 min read Tackling Unmaintainable Complexity with Automation: Building a Multi-Tenant SaaS Solo - Part 1 ko-chan ko-chan ko-chan Follow Dec 27 '25 Tackling Unmaintainable Complexity with Automation: Building a Multi-Tenant SaaS Solo - Part 1 # automation # solodevelopment # multitenant # claudecode Comments Add Comment 4 min read 24 Claude Code Tips: #claude_code_advent_calendar Oikon Oikon Oikon Follow Dec 25 '25 24 Claude Code Tips: #claude_code_advent_calendar # claudecode # ai # productivity # development 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 13 min read How I Built a Documentation-Driven Development Workflow with Claude Code Huy Pham Huy Pham Huy Pham Follow Dec 25 '25 How I Built a Documentation-Driven Development Workflow with Claude Code # workflow # claudecode # claude # github Comments Add Comment 2 min read 2025 Year in Review: Lessons from Solo SaaS Development pipipi-dev pipipi-dev pipipi-dev Follow Dec 25 '25 2025 Year in Review: Lessons from Solo SaaS Development # indiedev # retrospective # nextjs # claudecode Comments Add Comment 6 min read Progress-Driven Development (PDD): Solo Development with AI Agents pipipi-dev pipipi-dev pipipi-dev Follow Dec 24 '25 Progress-Driven Development (PDD): Solo Development with AI Agents # solodev # projectmanagement # claudecode # pdd Comments Add Comment 8 min read How Many Times Do You Have to Build Too Much to Learn Scope Creep? Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Follow Nov 21 '25 How Many Times Do You Have to Build Too Much to Learn Scope Creep? # godot # vibecoding # claudecode # specdrivendevelopmen Comments Add Comment 3 min read How Claude Code Changed My Solo Dev Workflow: AI Pair Programming pipipi-dev pipipi-dev pipipi-dev Follow Dec 23 '25 How Claude Code Changed My Solo Dev Workflow: AI Pair Programming # claudecode # ai # solodev # productivity 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Cursor vs GitHub Copilot vs Claude Code Ciphernutz Ciphernutz Ciphernutz Follow Dec 23 '25 Cursor vs GitHub Copilot vs Claude Code # cursor # github # githubcopilot # claudecode 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 2 min read Claude Code in Production: 40% Productivity Increase on a Large Project Dzianis Karviha Dzianis Karviha Dzianis Karviha Follow Dec 22 '25 Claude Code in Production: 40% Productivity Increase on a Large Project # claudecode # claude # devproductivity # softwareengineering 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 39 min read How I Tamed Claude Code with Pre-Tool Hooks (And You Should Too) Anand Rathnas Anand Rathnas Anand Rathnas Follow Dec 20 '25 How I Tamed Claude Code with Pre-Tool Hooks (And You Should Too) # claudecode # ai # productivity # automation Comments Add Comment 3 min read Browser Automation Without Code: Claude + Playwright MCP in Action Vaseem Mulla Vaseem Mulla Vaseem Mulla Follow Nov 14 '25 Browser Automation Without Code: Claude + Playwright MCP in Action # ai # automation # claudecode Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Get Things Done When You Have Nothing but Process Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Follow Nov 14 '25 How to Get Things Done When You Have Nothing but Process # godot # vibecoding # claudecode # specdriven Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to one-shot tasks with Claude Code Kirill Makarov Kirill Makarov Kirill Makarov Follow Nov 10 '25 How to one-shot tasks with Claude Code # ai # agents # claudecode # devtools Comments Add Comment 3 min read Database Migration: Safely Managing Dev and Production Environments pipipi-dev pipipi-dev pipipi-dev Follow Dec 8 '25 Database Migration: Safely Managing Dev and Production Environments # supabase # postgres # drizzleorm # claudecode Comments Add Comment 4 min read Documentation Strategy for Indie Dev: Design Docs vs Thinking Logs pipipi-dev pipipi-dev pipipi-dev Follow Dec 4 '25 Documentation Strategy for Indie Dev: Design Docs vs Thinking Logs # indiehacker # documentation # design # claudecode Comments Add Comment 5 min read Fixing Claude Code's Amnesia Arpit Arpit Arpit Follow Dec 1 '25 Fixing Claude Code's Amnesia # claudecode # ai # opensource # learning Comments Add Comment 7 min read Using Claude Code with GitHub Copilot Subscription Allen Tuh Allen Tuh Allen Tuh Follow Oct 22 '25 Using Claude Code with GitHub Copilot Subscription # claudecode # githubcopilot # ai # programming Comments Add Comment 2 min read Equipping Agents for the Real World with Agent Skills Cris D Cris D Cris D Follow Oct 20 '25 Equipping Agents for the Real World with Agent Skills # webdev # ai # claudecode # anthropic Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building AI-Powered Projects: My Complete Claude Development Stack Alden Weaver Alden Weaver Alden Weaver Follow Nov 11 '25 Building AI-Powered Projects: My Complete Claude Development Stack # claude # claudecode # ai # productivity 7 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # resources Follow Hide Sharing helpful articles, tools, and learning materials Create Post Older #resources posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Made a MongoDB Mindmap — sharing a preview if it helps anyone The Study Hub The Study Hub The Study Hub Follow Dec 10 '25 Made a MongoDB Mindmap — sharing a preview if it helps anyone # showdev # interview # database # resources Comments Add Comment 1 min read How I Built 110+ Free Engineering Calculators to Help Students & Engineers Dnyaneshwar Mahajan Dnyaneshwar Mahajan Dnyaneshwar Mahajan Follow Dec 9 '25 How I Built 110+ Free Engineering Calculators to Help Students & Engineers # showdev # tooling # webdev # resources Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to keep up with technology and advance your career Eyal Estrin Eyal Estrin Eyal Estrin Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 22 '25 How to keep up with technology and advance your career # career # learning # community # resources 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Advent of Code 2025 - C++ Solutions ! Zakaria Zoulati Zakaria Zoulati Zakaria Zoulati Follow Dec 8 '25 Advent of Code 2025 - C++ Solutions ! # cpp # github # resources # adventofcode Comments Add Comment 1 min read Cómo hemos adaptado nuestro recortador de audio para funcionar bien en móvil Mario Mario Mario Follow Dec 5 '25 Cómo hemos adaptado nuestro recortador de audio para funcionar bien en móvil # mp3 # trimmer # resources # webdev Comments Add Comment 7 min read I turned 49 Python and AI concepts into cartoon-style visuals to help myself learn faster FarhadS08 FarhadS08 FarhadS08 Follow Dec 6 '25 I turned 49 Python and AI concepts into cartoon-style visuals to help myself learn faster # resources # python # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read From hobby projects on a Raspberry Pi to launching AI education and knowledge platform Maik Kusmat Maik Kusmat Maik Kusmat Follow Dec 5 '25 From hobby projects on a Raspberry Pi to launching AI education and knowledge platform # webdev # ai # resources # opensource Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Built 24 Free Developer Tools - No Signup, No Ads, No BS Jalel Ghabri Jalel Ghabri Jalel Ghabri Follow Dec 16 '25 I Built 24 Free Developer Tools - No Signup, No Ads, No BS # webdev # laravel # javascript # resources 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read The Game Math Behind a Candy Craze Game: Probability, Cascades, and Level Pacing in HTML5 Puzzlers gamh5games gamh5games gamh5games Follow Dec 2 '25 The Game Math Behind a Candy Craze Game: Probability, Cascades, and Level Pacing in HTML5 Puzzlers # automation # resources # codepen # startup 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read How I Built My Own Python Full Stack Interview Prep Resources (And You Can Use Them FREE!) THIYAGARAJAN varadharajan THIYAGARAJAN varadharajan THIYAGARAJAN varadharajan Follow Jan 5 How I Built My Own Python Full Stack Interview Prep Resources (And You Can Use Them FREE!) # beginners # interview # python # resources Comments 1 comment 2 min read My Dev Tool List 2025 Ruairí O'Brien Ruairí O'Brien Ruairí O'Brien Follow Dec 2 '25 My Dev Tool List 2025 # resources Comments Add Comment 5 min read Machine Learning for Everyone: A Book Review Payam Hoseini Payam Hoseini Payam Hoseini Follow Dec 24 '25 Machine Learning for Everyone: A Book Review # beginners # machinelearning # resources 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read My 30 Favorite Tools as a Fractional CTO for 2026 Will Barrett Will Barrett Will Barrett Follow Dec 3 '25 My 30 Favorite Tools as a Fractional CTO for 2026 # productivity # resources # tooling 2 reactions Comments 2 comments 10 min read I built a search engine to help consultants find work without recruiters Consultant.dev Consultant.dev Consultant.dev Follow Nov 30 '25 I built a search engine to help consultants find work without recruiters # showdev # career # resources # web Comments Add Comment 1 min read I got tired of spammy downloader sites, so I built a clean YouTube Thumbnail Grabber (4K + WebP) 🚀 meilinn Chin meilinn Chin meilinn Chin Follow Nov 29 '25 I got tired of spammy downloader sites, so I built a clean YouTube Thumbnail Grabber (4K + WebP) 🚀 # webdev # productivity # youtube # resources Comments Add Comment 2 min read Multimedia Systems Syllabus for MAKAUT CSE 7th Semester Exam Oni Oni Oni Follow Nov 29 '25 Multimedia Systems Syllabus for MAKAUT CSE 7th Semester Exam # computerscience # learning # resources Comments Add Comment 1 min read I thought materials in Unreal Engine were just about colors. I was wrong. They’re more about logic than visuals. Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Jan 1 I thought materials in Unreal Engine were just about colors. I was wrong. They’re more about logic than visuals. # gamedev # computerscience # resources # gamechallenge Comments 4 comments 2 min read [JCAIGC]Create a new CapCut draft Hommy Hommy Hommy Follow Nov 28 '25 [JCAIGC]Create a new CapCut draft # api # resources # automation # tooling Comments Add Comment 5 min read Configure Azure Container Registry for a secure connection with Azure Container Apps lotanna obianefo lotanna obianefo lotanna obianefo Follow Nov 27 '25 Configure Azure Container Registry for a secure connection with Azure Container Apps # containers # resources # azure # devops 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read TemplateCAT: A Template Discovery Platform to Find Website Inspiration from 200+ Categories Mr Bird Mr Bird Mr Bird Follow Nov 28 '25 TemplateCAT: A Template Discovery Platform to Find Website Inspiration from 200+ Categories # showdev # webdev # productivity # resources 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read practical Linux knowledge map for a DevOps engineer Aisalkyn Aidarova Aisalkyn Aidarova Aisalkyn Aidarova Follow Dec 29 '25 practical Linux knowledge map for a DevOps engineer # beginners # resources # devops # linux 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Cool / must have Paint.net plugins dom dom dom Follow Nov 30 '25 Cool / must have Paint.net plugins # design # resources # tooling 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Apache Dev List Digest: Iceberg, Polaris, Arrow & Parquet (Nov 18–24, 2025) Alex Merced Alex Merced Alex Merced Follow Nov 24 '25 Apache Dev List Digest: Iceberg, Polaris, Arrow & Parquet (Nov 18–24, 2025) # data # dataengineering # opensource # resources Comments Add Comment 5 min read Function Calling With Google Gemini 3 - Google ADK & Google Genai Developer Harsh Developer Harsh Developer Harsh Follow for Composio Dec 29 '25 Function Calling With Google Gemini 3 - Google ADK & Google Genai # googleaichallenge # gemini # resources # ai 13 reactions Comments 2 comments 12 min read The 2025 Backend Development Roadmap for someone starting into Web development Satyam Singh Satyam Singh Satyam Singh Follow Nov 24 '25 The 2025 Backend Development Roadmap for someone starting into Web development # backend # beginners # webdev # resources Comments Add Comment 8 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://www.python.org/psf/annual-report/ | 2022 PSF Annual Report | Python Software Foundation Notice: While JavaScript is not essential for this website, your interaction with the content will be limited. Please turn JavaScript on for the full experience. Skip to content ▼ Close Python PSF Docs PyPI Jobs Community ▲ The Python Network Donate ≡ Menu Search This Site GO A A Smaller Larger Reset Socialize LinkedIn Mastodon Chat on IRC Twitter About Mission Statement Board of Directors & Officers PSF Staff Annual Impact Report Fiscal Sponsorees Public Records Legal & Policies PSF FAQ Developers in Residence Sponsorship PSF Sponsors Apply to Sponsor Sponsorship Prospectus 2025-26 Membership Sign up as a Member of the PSF! Membership FAQ PSF Elections Nominate a Fellow & Fellows Roster Donate End of year fundraiser 2025: Python is for Everyone Donate to the PSF Become a Supporting Member of the PSF PSF Matching Donations Volunteer Volunteer for the PSF PSF Work Groups Volunteer for PyCon US Grants Grants program Grants Program FAQ PyCon US News & Community Subscribe to the Newsletter PSF Blog Python Community Code of Conduct Community Awards Discourse The Python Software Foundation 2022 Annual Impact Report 2022 was a year of continued changes, challenges, and growth for the PSF. We welcomed Deb Nicholson as our new Executive Director, and we brought on other new team members and new roles. We joyfully gathered back together for the first PyCon US in-person since 2019. We created new membership options growing our pool of active and engaged members, and we gave out $215K in Grants in 2022, a 45% increase over 2021. We were delighted to welcome the global network of PyLadies chapters into our fiscal sponsor program. We’d love for you to take a look at the 2022 Annual Report that we put together to share more highlights from the year, financial reporting, and some previews of what’s to come in the next year. Download and read the report today! Thank you to Robb Design Co. for the beautiful design! ▲ Back to Top About Applications Quotes Getting Started Help Python Brochure Downloads All releases Source code Windows macOS Android Other Platforms License Alternative Implementations Documentation Docs Audio/Visual Talks Beginner's Guide FAQ Non-English Docs PEP Index Python Books Python Essays Community Diversity Mailing Lists IRC Forums PSF Annual Impact Report Python Conferences Special Interest Groups Python Logo Python Wiki Code of Conduct Community Awards Get Involved Shared Stories Success Stories Arts Business Education Engineering Government Scientific Software Development News Python News PSF Newsletter PSF News PyCon US News News from the Community Events Python Events User Group Events Python Events Archive User Group Events Archive Submit an Event Contributing Developer's Guide Issue Tracker python-dev list Core Mentorship Report a Security Issue ▲ Back to Top Help & General Contact Diversity Initiatives Submit Website Bug Status Copyright ©2001-2026. Python Software Foundation Legal Statements Privacy Notice Powered by PSF Community Infrastructure --> | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Beginners Follow Hide "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step." -Chinese Proverb Create Post submission guidelines UPDATED AUGUST 2, 2019 This tag is dedicated to beginners to programming, development, networking, or to a particular language. Everything should be geared towards that! For Questions... Consider using this tag along with #help, if... You are new to a language, or to programming in general, You want an explanation with NO prerequisite knowledge required. You want insight from more experienced developers. Please do not use this tag if you are merely new to a tool, library, or framework. See also, #explainlikeimfive For Articles... Posts should be specifically geared towards true beginners (experience level 0-2 out of 10). 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Right menu How To Replace Over-Complicated NgRx Stores With Angular Signals — Without Losing Control kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad Follow Jan 7 How To Replace Over-Complicated NgRx Stores With Angular Signals — Without Losing Control # webdev # javascript # beginners # angular Comments Add Comment 27 min read AI Automation vs AI Agents: What’s the Real Difference (Explained with Real-Life Examples) Viveka Sharma Viveka Sharma Viveka Sharma Follow Jan 8 AI Automation vs AI Agents: What’s the Real Difference (Explained with Real-Life Examples) # agents # tutorial # beginners # ai 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read How I Would Learn Web3 From Scratch Today (Without Wasting a Year) Emir Taner Emir Taner Emir Taner Follow Jan 12 How I Would Learn Web3 From Scratch Today (Without Wasting a Year) # web3 # beginners # devops # machinelearning 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why I rescheduled my AWS exam today Ali-Funk Ali-Funk Ali-Funk Follow Jan 7 Why I rescheduled my AWS exam today # aws # beginners # cloud # career Comments Add Comment 2 min read When Clients & Students Ask Is Web Development Dead? JAMAL AHMAD JAMAL AHMAD JAMAL AHMAD Follow Jan 6 When Clients & Students Ask Is Web Development Dead? # webdev # programming # beginners # ai Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building a Simple REST API with Express.js — The Right Way kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad Follow Jan 7 Building a Simple REST API with Express.js — The Right Way # webdev # node # javascript # beginners Comments Add Comment 11 min read Reflexes, Cognition, and Thought Jennifer Davis Jennifer Davis Jennifer Davis Follow Jan 7 Reflexes, Cognition, and Thought # showdev # arduino # hardware # beginners Comments Add Comment 5 min read "It Works on My Machine" — এই ভূতের ওঝা যখন ডকার (Docker) Shuvro_baset Shuvro_baset Shuvro_baset Follow Jan 6 "It Works on My Machine" — এই ভূতের ওঝা যখন ডকার (Docker) # beginners # devops # docker Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🚀 Build a Real-Time Python Auction App (Beginner Guide) Mate Technologies Mate Technologies Mate Technologies Follow Jan 6 🚀 Build a Real-Time Python Auction App (Beginner Guide) # python # desktopapp # networking # beginners Comments Add Comment 3 min read What Really Happens When an LLM Chooses the Next Token🤯 Louis Liu Louis Liu Louis Liu Follow Jan 12 What Really Happens When an LLM Chooses the Next Token🤯 # programming # ai # beginners # javascript 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Variables and Constants in Swift Gamya Gamya Gamya Follow Jan 6 Variables and Constants in Swift # beginners # swift # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Two `if` Statements in Python Comprehensions (And Why Beginners Mix Them Up) Samuel Ochaba Samuel Ochaba Samuel Ochaba Follow Jan 6 The Two `if` Statements in Python Comprehensions (And Why Beginners Mix Them Up) # python # programming # beginners # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read How we stopped shipping broken Angular code by making mistakes impossible kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad Follow Jan 7 How we stopped shipping broken Angular code by making mistakes impossible # webdev # javascript # angular # beginners Comments Add Comment 12 min read Why Your 2026 Coding Routine is Failing (and the 90-Minute Fix That Actually Works) Code Practice Code Practice Code Practice Follow Jan 6 Why Your 2026 Coding Routine is Failing (and the 90-Minute Fix That Actually Works) # coding # webdev # beginners # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read System Design Fundamentals: From Monolith to Microservices Chandrashekhar Kachawa Chandrashekhar Kachawa Chandrashekhar Kachawa Follow Jan 7 System Design Fundamentals: From Monolith to Microservices # programming # ai # webdev # beginners Comments Add Comment 4 min read Build Your Own Local AI Agent (Part 3): The Code Archaeologist 🔦 Harish Kotra (he/him) Harish Kotra (he/him) Harish Kotra (he/him) Follow Jan 7 Build Your Own Local AI Agent (Part 3): The Code Archaeologist 🔦 # programming # ai # beginners # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read 2026 New Year Challenge - 5 Projects United Hackathon yijun xu yijun xu yijun xu Follow Jan 7 2026 New Year Challenge - 5 Projects United Hackathon # programming # ai # beginners # llm Comments Add Comment 3 min read Conversion Funnels & the Banality of Success Nick Goldstein Nick Goldstein Nick Goldstein Follow Jan 7 Conversion Funnels & the Banality of Success # startup # beginners # productivity # marketing 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Evaluate ML Models Step by Step likhitha manikonda likhitha manikonda likhitha manikonda Follow Jan 6 How to Evaluate ML Models Step by Step # ai # machinelearning # beginners # programming Comments Add Comment 5 min read Elixir - A brief introduction to the language behind WhatsApp, Nubank, Brex, and so many others! Lucas Matheus Lucas Matheus Lucas Matheus Follow Jan 7 Elixir - A brief introduction to the language behind WhatsApp, Nubank, Brex, and so many others! # beginners # programming # startup # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read REST API and Common HTTP Methods Manikanta Yarramsetti Manikanta Yarramsetti Manikanta Yarramsetti Follow Jan 11 REST API and Common HTTP Methods # api # beginners # tutorial # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Scrapy Authentication & Login Forms: Scrape Behind the Login Wall Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Follow Jan 7 Scrapy Authentication & Login Forms: Scrape Behind the Login Wall # programming # python # beginners # webdev Comments Add Comment 7 min read Scrapy Error Handling & Retry Logic: When Things Go Wrong Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Follow Jan 5 Scrapy Error Handling & Retry Logic: When Things Go Wrong # webdev # programming # productivity # beginners Comments Add Comment 7 min read Introduction: Analyzing randomness with AI nichebrai nichebrai nichebrai Follow Jan 11 Introduction: Analyzing randomness with AI # python # data # beginners Comments Add Comment 1 min read USE NEW KEYWORD IN METHOD FOR OBJECT CREATION AND PUTTING VALUE IN IT(SPRINGBOOT) Er. Bhupendra Er. Bhupendra Er. Bhupendra Follow Jan 7 USE NEW KEYWORD IN METHOD FOR OBJECT CREATION AND PUTTING VALUE IN IT(SPRINGBOOT) # beginners # java # springboot Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/t/claudecode/page/5 | Claudecode Page 5 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # claudecode Follow Hide Create Post Older #claudecode posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Parallel Development with ClaudeCode and Git Worktrees Ooi Yee Fei Ooi Yee Fei Ooi Yee Fei Follow Aug 17 '25 Parallel Development with ClaudeCode and Git Worktrees # claudecode # programming # anthropic # agentic Comments Add Comment 5 min read Evolving My AI Journal: From Python MCPs to Rust Scripts and Claude Code Estevão Machado Estevão Machado Estevão Machado Follow Aug 17 '25 Evolving My AI Journal: From Python MCPs to Rust Scripts and Claude Code # rust # claudecode # devjournal # rag 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 9 min read Stop Prompting Directly to Claude Code/Codex — I Built a PRD Generator That Forces First Principles Ju Ju Ju Follow Sep 16 '25 Stop Prompting Directly to Claude Code/Codex — I Built a PRD Generator That Forces First Principles # vibecoding # claudecode # codex 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Automated Test Generation with Custom Claude Commands: Architecting Scalable Testing for Modern Node.js Applications Paul Towers Paul Towers Paul Towers Follow Sep 15 '25 Automated Test Generation with Custom Claude Commands: Architecting Scalable Testing for Modern Node.js Applications # node # testing # claudecode # ai 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 12 min read How to monitor Claude code token usage? c3phalik c3phalik c3phalik Follow Aug 12 '25 How to monitor Claude code token usage? # vibecoding # anthropic # claudecode # webdev Comments Add Comment 1 min read Streamlining API Development with Apidog MCP Claude Code pipipi-dev pipipi-dev pipipi-dev Follow Sep 7 '25 Streamlining API Development with Apidog MCP Claude Code # apidog # mcp # claudecode # api 15 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read I Just Wanted to Make a Board Game and Now There Are Procedural Islands Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Follow Nov 1 '25 I Just Wanted to Make a Board Game and Now There Are Procedural Islands # python # boardgame # ai # claudecode Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building AI Before Building the Game: A Cautionary Tale Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Follow Nov 1 '25 Building AI Before Building the Game: A Cautionary Tale # python # boardgame # ai # claudecode Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building My First MCP Server: Scratching That Obsidian Itch Robert Wilde Robert Wilde Robert Wilde Follow Aug 2 '25 Building My First MCP Server: Scratching That Obsidian Itch # mcp # claudecode # obsidian # aitools 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Drizzle ORM Claude Code: Modern TypeScript Development pipipi-dev pipipi-dev pipipi-dev Follow Sep 4 '25 Drizzle ORM Claude Code: Modern TypeScript Development # typescript # drizzle # orm # claudecode Comments Add Comment 5 min read Navigating Claude Code Rate Limits: The Art of Model Selection and Strategic Diversification bredmond1019 bredmond1019 bredmond1019 Follow Aug 5 '25 Navigating Claude Code Rate Limits: The Art of Model Selection and Strategic Diversification # claudecode # aiengineering # ratelimits # modelselection 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 4 min read We Need to Talk About AI Agent Rule File Chaos Joe Seifi Joe Seifi Joe Seifi Follow Jul 30 '25 We Need to Talk About AI Agent Rule File Chaos # vibecoding # vscode # cursor # claudecode Comments 1 comment 2 min read Claude Code Sub Agents - Burn Out Your Tokens Eric Cheng Eric Cheng Eric Cheng Follow Jul 28 '25 Claude Code Sub Agents - Burn Out Your Tokens # ai # claudecode # agentaichallenge # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read Turning Claude Code Into My Best Design Partner Sebastien Castiel Sebastien Castiel Sebastien Castiel Follow Aug 27 '25 Turning Claude Code Into My Best Design Partner # ai # productivity # vibecoding # claudecode 9 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read 📈 Deploy frequency improvement after switching to workflow o Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 26 '25 📈 Deploy frequency improvement after switching to workflow o # productivity # ai # claudecode # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read 💡 10x productivity boost using AI assistants: Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 26 '25 💡 10x productivity boost using AI assistants: # productivity # ai # claudecode # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🚀 Just discovered this 5-minute productivity hack: Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 26 '25 🚀 Just discovered this 5-minute productivity hack: # productivity # ai # claudecode # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🎯 Solved a complex problem with Claude Code: Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 26 '25 🎯 Solved a complex problem with Claude Code: # productivity # ai # claudecode # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🛠️ Essential tool every developer needs: Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 26 '25 🛠️ Essential tool every developer needs: # productivity # ai # claudecode # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🔥 Claude Code pattern that saves evening daily: Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 26 '25 🔥 Claude Code pattern that saves evening daily: # productivity # ai # claudecode # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🔥 Claude Code pattern that saves 5-minute daily: Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 26 '25 🔥 Claude Code pattern that saves 5-minute daily: # productivity # ai # claudecode # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Claude Code Debugging Magic Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 26 '25 Claude Code Debugging Magic # claudecode # debugging # productivity # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🎯 Solved a team-blocking problem with Claude Code: Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 26 '25 🎯 Solved a team-blocking problem with Claude Code: # productivity # ai # claudecode # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Claude Code Tip: Refactoring hack: "Make this c... Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 26 '25 Claude Code Tip: Refactoring hack: "Make this c... # claudecode # ai # productivity # coding Comments Add Comment 1 min read Claude Code Productivity Tip Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jul 26 '25 Claude Code Productivity Tip # claudecode # productivity # ai # coding Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/ibrahimgunduz34/message-schema-evolution-in-rabbitmq-using-virtual-hosts-as-deployment-boundaries-3fic | Message Schema Evolution in RabbitMQ: Using Virtual Hosts as Deployment Boundaries - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse İbrahim Gündüz Posted on Jan 6 • Originally published at ibrahimgunduz34.Medium Message Schema Evolution in RabbitMQ: Using Virtual Hosts as Deployment Boundaries # devops # microservices # architecture This article is a continuation of a previous post in which we focused on deployment safety through cache key versioning. If you haven’t read it yet, we recommend starting there: Versioning Redis Cache Keys to Prevent Stale Data During Spring Boot Application Deployments Message schema evolution is another critical factor that can threaten deployment safety if it is not handled correctly. Changes to message structures, such as adding, removing, or renaming fields, can easily lead to incompatibilities between producers and consumers during rolling deployments. Without clear deployment boundaries, these incompatibilities may cause message processing failures, data loss, or subtle runtime bugs that are difficult to detect. Let’s look at the following example to better understand the risks involved. Example Case: v1: Delayed Capture After Authorization The backend performs the authorization synchronously during the checkout flow and immediately informs the user of the result. After a successful authorization, the backend publishes an event indicating that the payment has been authorized. (PaymentAuthorized) { "paymentId" : "p-123" , "authorizedAmount" : 100.00 , "currency" : "EUR" } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The consumer processes this event and performs a full capture of the authorized amount. capture(authorizedAmount) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode v2: Partial capture based on stock availability As the system evolves, some products may be out of stock at fulfillment time. The backend still performs the authorization synchronously and returns the result to the user. Before capturing the payment, the system checks stock availability via the inventory service. The backend now publishes an event that includes the actual amount to be captured, which may be lower than the authorized amount. (PaymentCaptureRequested) { "paymentId" : "p-123" , "authorizedAmount" : 100.00 , "captureAmount" : 80.00 , "currency" : "EUR" } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The consumer captures only the specified amount. capture(captureAmount) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode What Really Happens During a Rolling Deployment? Scenario 1: v2 consumer processing v1 messages Because the message does not contain captureAmount field, the consumer may fail to process the message. Result: Capture fails or the consumer behaves unpredictably Scenario 2: v1 consumer processing v2 messages The v1 consumer does not recognize the captureAmount field or may ignore it entirely. Since authorizedAmount is an expected field, the v1 consumer proceeds to capture the full authorized amount. Result: The customer is charged more than the value of the fulfilled items. The root cause of these failures is not incorrect business logic, but the fact that multiple, incompatible versions of producers and consumers are allowed to process the same messages during a deployment. To prevent this, RabbitMQ virtual hosts can be used to ensure that only compatible versions are able to communicate with each other. Using RabbitMQ Virtual Hosts as Deployment Boundaries To achieve clean isolation and a risk-free cutover, the following steps can be applied to your applications and deployment pipeline. 1. Externalize RabbitMQ Configuration Update both producer and consumer applications to inject the RabbitMQ virtual host and credentials via external configuration. spring.rabbitmq.virtualHost = ${RABBITMQ_VHOST} spring.rabbitmq.username = ${RABBITMQ_USER} spring.rabbitmq.password = ${RABBITMQ_PASSWORD} Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Provision Version-Scoped RabbitMQ Resources Add a step to your deployment pipeline that provisions a version-scoped RabbitMQ virtual host, user, and permissions before deploying the application. $ rabbitmqctl add_vhost payments-v1.0 $ rabbitmqctl add_user payments-v1.0-app YourStrongPassword $ rabbitmqctl set_user_tags payments-v1.0-app $ rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p payments-v1.0 \ payments-v1.0-app \ ".*" ".*" ".*" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Inject Configuration via Environment Variables Provide the required configuration values through the application environment. ... environment : RABBITMQ_VHOST : ${RABBITMQ_VHOST} RABBITMQ_USER : ${RABBITMQ_USER} RABBITMQ_PASSWORD : ${RABBITMQ_PASSWORD} ... command : java -jar ... Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Deploy and Verify Deploy the new version of the application. Perform health checks to ensure all nodes are running correctly. Verify that messages from the previous version have been fully consumed. 5. Clean Up Old Resources Once the deployment is complete and the previous version is no longer needed: Remove the old virtual host. Delete the associated user. This ensures the broker remains clean and prevents obsolete deployment boundaries from accumulating over time. Credits: Spring AMQP RabbitAutoConfiguration Reference Doc Spring AMQP Reference Doc Cover Photo by Ivan N on Unsplash Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse İbrahim Gündüz Follow A software developer focused on backend technologies. He loves #fintech, #investment and music instruments. Location Bucharest, Romania / Istanbul, Turkey Work Software Developer at PayU Joined Jul 8, 2023 More from İbrahim Gündüz Circuit Breaker in Inter-Service Communication # java # microservices # architecture # springboot 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/hereisnaman/logical-or-vs-nullish-coalescing-operator-in-javascript-3851#logical-or- | JavaScript ||: Logical OR (||) vs Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) in JavaScript - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Naman Kumar Posted on Apr 22, 2020 JavaScript || Logical OR (||) vs Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) in JavaScript # node # javascript # opensourc With the latest release of version 14, the Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) is now supported in NodeJS. In this post let us see what is the use case of this operator and how is it different from the logical OR. Logical Or (||) const paginate = ( options = {}) => { return [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. splice ( 0 , options . limit || 3 ); } paginate ( 1 ); // expected: [1], output: [1] paginate (); // expected: [1, 2, 3], output: [1, 2, 3] paginate ( 0 ); // expected: [], output: [1, 2, 3] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode How the logical or operator functions is, it returns the right hand value if the left hand value coerce to false. And that not only includes undefined and null but also 0 and '' . In many of our use cases, like the one above this causes unexpected results and we end up using the typeof operator. Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) This solves the problem for us. This operators returns the right hand value only if the left hand value is either null or undefined . const paginate = ( options = {}) => { return [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. splice ( 0 , options . limit ?? 3 ); } paginate ( 1 ); // expected: [1], output: [1] paginate (); // expected: [1, 2, 3], output: [1, 2, 3] paginate ( 0 ); // expected: [], output: [] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Share your quick JavaScript bites in comments. Top comments (4) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand hrdyjan1 hrdyjan1 hrdyjan1 Follow Vegetarian with long feet, who is in love with Marie and React. TL; DR Marie = Girlfriend React = JavaScript Library Location The Czech Republic Education Czech Technical University Work Bachelor at Prague, Front End developer Joined Sep 4, 2019 • Jan 13 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide There should be probably "limit" only, no "options/options.limit". Like comment: Like comment: 9 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Patrick Alcisto Patrick Alcisto Patrick Alcisto Follow Author of CSS, hacker of JS, rider of Mountain Bikes (downhill type preferably), "father" of two dogs Location Charlotte, NC Work Software Engineer Joined May 2, 2019 • Feb 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice article but, @ hrdyjan1 is right, your example implies it expects an object with a possible limit property, yet you never pass the limit as part of an object in the three invocations. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand TonyDev 👾 TonyDev 👾 TonyDev 👾 Follow Location Spain Work One of MAANG Joined Nov 17, 2019 • Jun 30 '24 • Edited on Jun 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide options.limit is always undefined All cases return [1, 2, 3] Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aniruddha Das Aniruddha Das Aniruddha Das Follow Joined Apr 8, 2023 • Apr 21 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks, clears the basic concept. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Naman Kumar Follow Engineering @ProductHunt Location New Delhi, India Work Software Engineer at Product Hunt Joined Sep 7, 2019 More from Naman Kumar A minimal authorization policy builder for NodeJs # npm # node # javascript # authorization 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/ghostinit0x/the-burnout-industrial-complex-how-companies-profit-from-your-exhaustion-15kh | The Burnout Industrial Complex: How Companies Profit From Your Exhaustion - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Ghostinit0x Posted on Jan 10 The Burnout Industrial Complex: How Companies Profit From Your Exhaustion # discuss # productivity # agile # scrum Your company doesn't want to fix burnout. They want you to manage it. They offer meditation apps, resilience workshops, and stress management training. Meanwhile, they set impossible deadlines, schedule meetings across nine time zones, and expect Slack responses at 10 PM. This isn't a contradiction. It's the business model. The burnout industrial complex has figured out something brilliant: selling you coping mechanisms is cheaper than fixing the systems breaking you. The Liability Shield Here's the playbook: Acknowledge that burnout exists and is "really concerning" Bring in a wellness consultant for a 45-minute talk Roll out a mandatory mental health awareness campaign Continue operating exactly the same way I watched this happen at three consecutive companies. Each had better wellness benefits than the last. Each also had worse crunch periods, more aggressive roadmaps, and higher turnover. The awareness campaigns aren't there to help you. They're there to establish plausible deniability. When a top performer quits or goes on stress leave, leadership points to the meditation app subscription. "We provided resources," they'll say. The implicit message: if you still burned out, that's a you problem. Wellness Theater The wellness industry has found its golden goose in burned-out tech workers with good salaries and terrible boundaries. Every month there's a new protocol. Optimize your cortisol. Biohack your stress response. Track your HRV. The promise is always the same: you can engineer your way out of exhaustion. It's bullshit. Not because wellness practices don't work—some do—but because they're being sold as solutions to systemic problems. No amount of cold showers will fix a workplace that expects you in back-to-back meetings from 9 to 5, then expects you to actually write code after hours. I've seen companies spend six figures on wellness benefits while refusing to hire another engineer to alleviate crushing workloads. The Productivity Hack Trap You cannot productivity-hack your way out of systemic dysfunction. I watched a senior engineer burn out despite having the best GTD system I'd ever seen. Perfect calendar hygiene. Firm boundaries around focus time. None of it mattered. The organization kept adding to her plate. Every boundary she set was respected on paper but violated in practice. The final straw? Leadership asked her to present her productivity system at an engineering all-hands. They saw her ability to absorb an unreasonable workload as a best practice to replicate, not a warning sign. She quit three weeks later. The company hired a productivity coach. When Empathy Becomes Extraction The modern manager is coached to show empathy. To create psychological safety. To check in on mental health. Sometimes this is genuine. But empathy without action is just better intelligence gathering. I've sat in manager training where the advice was disturbingly tactical: "When an employee mentions burnout, validate their feelings. Then collaboratively problem-solve ways they can manage their workload more effectively." Notice what's missing? Any acknowledgment that the workload might be the problem. You vent to your manager. They listen. They validate. You feel heard. Then nothing changes, but now you feel guilty for complaining. Burnout as Rational Self-Preservation Here's what nobody wants to say: burning out is often the correct response to your situation. When a system is designed to extract unsustainable value from you, your body shutting down is a rational protective response. It's not a personal failure. It's your organism correctly identifying a threat and forcing a change. When you can't sleep because you're anxious about work, that's not a sleep hygiene problem. When you feel dread opening your laptop Monday morning, that's not a mindset issue. These are symptoms of a situation that needs to fundamentally change. Sometimes the healthy response to a toxic workplace isn't resilience—it's leaving. What Actually Works These aren't wellness tips. They're tactical approaches to identifying and responding to exploitative systems. Audit your situation honestly. Track your actual hours for two weeks. Document the sources. Compare reality to what you were promised. Name the systemic problems. If you're working 60-hour weeks, the problem isn't your time management. It's that the company is getting 60 hours while paying for 40. Set boundaries with teeth. Boundaries without consequences are suggestions. Pick one evening a week where you're completely unavailable. Force trade-offs into the open. When given a new urgent project, respond with your current commitments and ask which one drops. Build your exit plan. Update your resume now. Reconnect with your network. Get financially stable. The exit plan gives you power. When you know you can leave, it's easier to set boundaries. The Choice You Actually Have You can't fix the burnout industrial complex alone. But you can refuse to participate in your own exploitation. Stop pretending burnout is a personal failing. Stop investing in optimization strategies for unsustainable situations. Stop letting empathetic management substitute for actual change. Your company will keep offering individual solutions to systemic problems as long as it's cheaper than fixing the systems. The only question is how long you're willing to accept that trade. Read the full article at agilelie.com Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Pascal CESCATO Pascal CESCATO Pascal CESCATO Follow Full-stack dev sharing practical guides on WordPress, n8n automation, AI tools, Docker & self-hosting. Always experimenting with new tech to make life easier. Email pascal.cescato@gmail.com Location France Pronouns he/him Joined Aug 19, 2025 • Jan 10 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I read this and had that strange “I’ve seen this machine from the inside” feeling. The way you map the incentives around burnout is exactly what pushed me to step away before the system could shape me more than I wanted. Once you understand the pattern, it’s hard to unsee it — and even harder to pretend it’s normal. Thanks for putting clear words on something many people sense but struggle to articulate. It’s the kind of clarity that helps you move forward differently, and on your own terms. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Ghostinit0x Follow Não vendo liberdade. Te ensino a sumir. Cripto é munição. Código é fuga. GhostInit0x transmite ruído — só os acordados entendem. Location Somewhere in time Joined May 25, 2025 More from Ghostinit0x Kanban vs Scrum: Why Flow Beats Theater for Real Delivery # scrum # discuss # programming # productivity The Death of Architectural Design in Agile # architecture # discuss # agile Why Agile Estimation Is Theater (And What To Do Instead) # agile # scrum # productivity # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/resources/page/8 | Resources Page 8 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # resources Follow Hide Sharing helpful articles, tools, and learning materials Create Post Older #resources posts 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu 11 Best Express.js Courses to Learn in 2026 Stack Overflowed Stack Overflowed Stack Overflowed Follow Oct 17 '25 11 Best Express.js Courses to Learn in 2026 # resources # javascript # node # backend 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read The Cyber Warrior Handbook — A Practical, FREE Entry-Level Offensive Security Training Online Emmanuel .E. Okaiwele Emmanuel .E. Okaiwele Emmanuel .E. Okaiwele Follow Sep 24 '25 The Cyber Warrior Handbook — A Practical, FREE Entry-Level Offensive Security Training Online # cybersecurity # resources # tutorial # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read Downcast Trait in Rust for Testing RiadYan RiadYan RiadYan Follow Oct 25 '25 Downcast Trait in Rust for Testing # rust # programming # resources 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read Top VR, AR, and XR News Sites to Follow (2025 Edition) Zheng Huasheng Zheng Huasheng Zheng Huasheng Follow Sep 21 '25 Top VR, AR, and XR News Sites to Follow (2025 Edition) # vr # mixedreality # xr # resources Comments Add Comment 7 min read The Required API Security Checklist [XLS download] Mark Mark Mark Follow Oct 23 '25 The Required API Security Checklist [XLS download] # cybersecurity # resources # api # security 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Top Tools to Simplify Your Feasibility Analysis Azaad Shareef Azaad Shareef Azaad Shareef Follow Oct 21 '25 Top Tools to Simplify Your Feasibility Analysis # productivity # startup # tooling # resources 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Eventos de Engenharia de Software em 2026 no Brasil e na América Latina Fronteiras da Engenharia de Software Fronteiras da Engenharia de Software Fronteiras da Engenharia de Software Follow Oct 10 '25 Eventos de Engenharia de Software em 2026 no Brasil e na América Latina # news # resources # softwareengineering # computerscience 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read # Self-Hosted Push Notifications Part-8 Bipin C Bipin C Bipin C Follow Oct 22 '25 # Self-Hosted Push Notifications Part-8 # webdev # resources # api # javascript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 10 min read Spring WebFlux: When to Use It and How to Build With It Adam - 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Misty Misty Misty Follow Oct 16 '25 My 1st post on Dev.to! # newbie # webdev # beginners # resources Comments 1 comment 1 min read Shad cn vue Like Nuxt/Vue Librarys :fire: Ismael Garcia Ismael Garcia Ismael Garcia Follow Sep 19 '25 Shad cn vue Like Nuxt/Vue Librarys :fire: # resources # ui # vue 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read Top Code Smell Detection Tools in 2025 to Boost Code Quality Panto AI Panto AI Panto AI Follow for Panto AI Sep 2 '25 Top Code Smell Detection Tools in 2025 to Boost Code Quality # code # programming # ai # resources Comments Add Comment 3 min read React application from scratch(1) govindbisen govindbisen govindbisen Follow Sep 1 '25 React application from scratch(1) # webdev # programming # resources Comments Add Comment 1 min read My Tech Journey: From Highschool to Software Engineering & Data Science James Kabuga James Kabuga James Kabuga Follow Oct 3 '25 My Tech Journey: From Highschool to Software Engineering & Data Science # datascience # python # github # resources 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # resources Follow Hide Sharing helpful articles, tools, and learning materials Create Post Older #resources posts 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Downgrading on Mac Abhijit Kumar Abhijit Kumar Abhijit Kumar Follow Oct 1 '25 Downgrading on Mac # productivity # resources # macos # apple Comments Add Comment 4 min read Need Help!! Abdelkrim Abdelkrim Abdelkrim Follow Sep 25 '25 Need Help!! # programming # resources # computerscience # c Comments 2 comments 1 min read Apache Polaris Dev List Digest (Sept 15–19, 2025) Alex Merced Alex Merced Alex Merced Follow Sep 22 '25 Apache Polaris Dev List Digest (Sept 15–19, 2025) # dataengineering # resources # data # opensource Comments Add Comment 4 min read Top 5 GitHub Repositories for Data Science in 2026 Naveen Garg Naveen Garg Naveen Garg Follow Sep 20 '25 Top 5 GitHub Repositories for Data Science in 2026 # datascience # github # machinelearning # resources Comments Add Comment 2 min read You’re Already a Narrative Designer (Even If You Don’t Feel Like One) Mitch Mitch Mitch Follow Sep 19 '25 You’re Already a Narrative Designer (Even If You Don’t Feel Like One) # gamedev # nocode # productivity # resources Comments Add Comment 3 min read Introducing a new learning platform for Language Model. Fachri Fachri Fachri Follow Sep 18 '25 Introducing a new learning platform for Language Model. # llm # machinelearning # resources # ai 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read Rebranding on Android Apps — Behind the Scenes Kleinanzeigen & mobile.de Kleinanzeigen & mobile.de Kleinanzeigen & mobile.de Follow for Berlin Tech Blog Aug 15 '25 Rebranding on Android Apps — Behind the Scenes # android # designsystem # mobile # resources Comments Add Comment 4 min read CourseTime Analyzer: Python + Selenium + GUI Project for Tracking YouTube Course Time Saami abbas Khan Saami abbas Khan Saami abbas Khan Follow Sep 17 '25 CourseTime Analyzer: Python + Selenium + GUI Project for Tracking YouTube Course Time # python # selenium # resources # tutorial 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read Your Sports Coaching Website Doesn’t Work For You? 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Need Your Advice! # discuss # vue # learning # resources Comments Add Comment 1 min read Speed up your local dev workflow with IP-Kit (macOS) Omar Ramírez Omar Ramírez Omar Ramírez Follow Aug 5 '25 Speed up your local dev workflow with IP-Kit (macOS) # productivity # resources # swift # reactnative Comments Add Comment 2 min read Learning Coding from High Skilled Professional Programmers Rudolf Olah Rudolf Olah Rudolf Olah Follow Sep 6 '25 Learning Coding from High Skilled Professional Programmers # learning # productivity # programming # resources Comments Add Comment 4 min read How Developers Can Use Digital Marketing to Launch and Grow Side Projects 🚀 Dash Media Dash Media Dash Media Follow Aug 2 '25 How Developers Can Use Digital Marketing to Launch and Grow Side Projects 🚀 # marketing # website # resources 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Tutorial install Ghost CMS di VPS Ubuntu superXdev superXdev superXdev Follow Aug 1 '25 Tutorial install Ghost CMS di VPS Ubuntu # webdev # resources # tutorial # ubuntu Comments Add Comment 3 min read Wplace 63/64-color palette — free download (HEX & GPL) howard hua howard hua howard hua Follow Sep 4 '25 Wplace 63/64-color palette — free download (HEX & GPL) # design # pixelart # resources # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read Convert Audio to MP3 Online — A Simple Tool for Developers, Podcasters & Content Creators Mario Mario Mario Follow Jul 31 '25 Convert Audio to MP3 Online — A Simple Tool for Developers, Podcasters & Content Creators # webdev # resources # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read Stop Wasting Time on Boilerplate: Start Any Node.js Project in Seconds BrunoMagno BrunoMagno BrunoMagno Follow Aug 10 '25 Stop Wasting Time on Boilerplate: Start Any Node.js Project in Seconds # node # resources # opensource # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read My Best Web Development and Design Resources for 2025 Shatlyk Shatlyk Shatlyk Follow Jul 26 '25 My Best Web Development and Design Resources for 2025 # resources # web # design # development 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Skewness in Data: Concepts and Math Examples Sajjad Rahman Sajjad Rahman Sajjad Rahman Follow Aug 27 '25 Skewness in Data: Concepts and Math Examples # resources # machinelearning # tutorial # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read Free Burndown Chart Generator: The Developer’s Guide to Agile Sprint Tracking in 2025 Sejal Sejal Sejal Follow Aug 25 '25 Free Burndown Chart Generator: The Developer’s Guide to Agile Sprint Tracking in 2025 # tooling # resources # productivity # webdev 26 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read 🔥 5 Epic Tools To Launch Your MVP Now Sébastien Conejo Sébastien Conejo Sébastien Conejo Follow Aug 22 '25 🔥 5 Epic Tools To Launch Your MVP Now # mvp # hackathon # programming # resources 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Raspberry Pi Follow Hide All things related to the range of accessible and affordable single board Raspberry Pi computers, HATs, Raspberry Pi Pico, Raspberry Pi OS, and more. Share what you’re building! Create Post submission guidelines Please keep your posts to this topic specifically related to the Raspberry Pi family and projects. about #raspberrypi You can learn much more about Raspberry Pi around the web: ◦ Raspberry Pi Foundation , the educational charity ◦ Official Documentation ◦ Community Forums ◦ Raspberry Pi Trading , the technology company You can also read more about Raspberry Pi on Wikipedia , and explore code and other projects on GitHub . Raspberry Pi is a trademark of Raspberry Pi Trading. Older #raspberrypi posts 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Reading and Writing RFID Cards with Raspberry Pi Sebastian Sebastian Sebastian Follow Jul 21 '25 Reading and Writing RFID Cards with Raspberry Pi # iot # raspberrypi # rfid 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read How to boot up ubuntu Server on Raspberry PI 5 (Headless) Devarsh Devarsh Devarsh Follow Jul 19 '25 How to boot up ubuntu Server on Raspberry PI 5 (Headless) # raspberrypi # ubuntu # linux 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Raspberry Pi Cooling: Does Fan Direction Matter? I Put It to the Test Wojciech Lepczyński Wojciech Lepczyński Wojciech Lepczyński Follow Jul 17 '25 Raspberry Pi Cooling: Does Fan Direction Matter? I Put It to the Test # iot # raspberrypi # beginners 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Running llama.cpp in Docker on Raspberry Pi Ricardo Ricardo Ricardo Follow Jul 23 '25 Running llama.cpp in Docker on Raspberry Pi # raspberrypi # llm # docker # llamacpp Comments Add Comment 2 min read DEBIX Model A: DIY Webcam Streamer with Crowsnest 02:21 DEBIX Industrial Computers DEBIX Industrial Computers DEBIX Industrial Computers Follow Aug 4 '25 DEBIX Model A: DIY Webcam Streamer with Crowsnest # diy # networking # streaming # raspberrypi 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read A Raspberry Pi 5 Assistant using Gemini 2.5 Flash! Kiamehr Kiamehr Kiamehr Follow Jul 16 '25 A Raspberry Pi 5 Assistant using Gemini 2.5 Flash! # raspberrypi # python # gemini # tutorial 4 reactions Comments 2 comments 1 min read Set up a raspberry pi http tunnel instantly with Tunnelmole Robbie Cahill Robbie Cahill Robbie Cahill Follow Jul 14 '25 Set up a raspberry pi http tunnel instantly with Tunnelmole # raspberrypi # http # tunnel # server 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Why Rockchip RK3566 Android SBC Is Gaining Attention in Industrial IoT Tony He Tony He Tony He Follow Jul 12 '25 Why Rockchip RK3566 Android SBC Is Gaining Attention in Industrial IoT # android # iot # raspberrypi # sbc 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Build a Home Kubernetes Cluster With Raspberry Pi (2025 Guide) subnet savy subnet savy subnet savy Follow Jul 7 '25 How to Build a Home Kubernetes Cluster With Raspberry Pi (2025 Guide) # kubernetes # homelab # devops # raspberrypi 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read I have a Raspberry Pi and no idea what to build. Any project ideas? SuperUltraMax SuperUltraMax SuperUltraMax Follow Jun 29 '25 I have a Raspberry Pi and no idea what to build. Any project ideas? # discuss # raspberrypi # learning # beginners Comments Add Comment 1 min read Build a Minimalist Virtual Cat on a Raspberry Pi Zero with an E-Ink Display Maxence Rose Maxence Rose Maxence Rose Follow May 21 '25 Build a Minimalist Virtual Cat on a Raspberry Pi Zero with an E-Ink Display # catmagotchi # python # raspberrypi # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read What are the specifications of the GPIO pins in Raspberry Pi 4 Model B? Hedy Hedy Hedy Follow May 20 '25 What are the specifications of the GPIO pins in Raspberry Pi 4 Model B? # raspberrypi # raspberrypi4modelb # gpio # pins Comments Add Comment 1 min read Building a Retro Console from Scratch (Part 2): Game Engine Foundations and Hardware Wrestling Caleb García Caleb García Caleb García Follow Jun 13 '25 Building a Retro Console from Scratch (Part 2): Game Engine Foundations and Hardware Wrestling # raspberrypi # python # devjournal # gamedev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to Build a Portable Offline Chat Server with a Raspberry Pi Benji377 Benji377 Benji377 Follow Jun 17 '25 How to Build a Portable Offline Chat Server with a Raspberry Pi # tutorial # raspberrypi # irc # networking 4 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read LeafWiki now supports ARM64 – run your Markdown wiki on Raspberry Pi perber perber perber Follow Jun 10 '25 LeafWiki now supports ARM64 – run your Markdown wiki on Raspberry Pi # devjournal # devops # raspberrypi # opensource Comments 2 comments 1 min read How I Monitored My Lithium Battery Pack Using Python and a Raspberry Pi Docy Docy Docy Follow Jun 12 '25 How I Monitored My Lithium Battery Pack Using Python and a Raspberry Pi # python # raspberrypi # iot # batterymonitoring Comments 1 comment 5 min read Raspberry Pi K8S Cluster Setup for Home Lab with Cilium Mahinsha Nazeer Mahinsha Nazeer Mahinsha Nazeer Follow Jun 6 '25 Raspberry Pi K8S Cluster Setup for Home Lab with Cilium # kubernetes # raspberrypi # docker # kubernetescluster 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 14 min read IOT: Log File Collection with Fluent Bit Sebastian Sebastian Sebastian Follow Apr 28 '25 IOT: Log File Collection with Fluent Bit # iot # homeassistant # esp8266 # raspberrypi 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 8 min read Raspbian: Atualização de URL de repositório de pacotes APT do Linux Henrique Otogami Henrique Otogami Henrique Otogami Follow May 31 '25 Raspbian: Atualização de URL de repositório de pacotes APT do Linux # raspbian # linux # raspberrypi # henriqueotogami Comments Add Comment 5 min read CI Server for embedded systems based on Raspberry Pi Albert Albert Albert Follow Jun 16 '25 CI Server for embedded systems based on Raspberry Pi # c # raspberrypi # testing # embedded Comments 1 comment 17 min read Creating apps for Raspberry Pi - Part 2 Vimal Vimal Vimal Follow Apr 22 '25 Creating apps for Raspberry Pi - Part 2 # desktopapp # raspberrypi # linux # flutter Comments Add Comment 3 min read Setup Jellyfin On Raspberry Pi - Home Media Server Shashank Shashank Shashank Follow Apr 20 '25 Setup Jellyfin On Raspberry Pi - Home Media Server # ubuntu # raspberrypi # jellyfin Comments Add Comment 4 min read Secure Key-Value Store for Raspberry Pi Pico Hiroyuki OYAMA Hiroyuki OYAMA Hiroyuki OYAMA Follow Apr 17 '25 Secure Key-Value Store for Raspberry Pi Pico # raspberrypi # programming # security Comments Add Comment 4 min read The Minimal Way to Store Configuration on Raspberry Pi Pico Hiroyuki OYAMA Hiroyuki OYAMA Hiroyuki OYAMA Follow Apr 17 '25 The Minimal Way to Store Configuration on Raspberry Pi Pico # raspberrypi # programming Comments Add Comment 4 min read Diseño de un sistema de gestión de información del control de acceso para la biblioteca de mi universidad Jose Francisco Jose Francisco Jose Francisco Follow Apr 23 '25 Diseño de un sistema de gestión de información del control de acceso para la biblioteca de mi universidad # programming # python # raspberrypi # mysql Comments Add Comment 11 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://x.com/privacy#chapter7 | X Privacy Policy Skip to main content Privacy Policy <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Privacy Policy" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="1BJ8" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link=" https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/privacy-policy-2025-07-28/en/x-privacy-policy-2025-07-28.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> X Privacy Policy We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. This version of the Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Privacy Policy continues to apply. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a Professional Account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job applications / recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about you and/or your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad partners, developers, and publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other third parties, account connections, and integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personalize our products and services so that you have a better experience on X, including by showing you more relevant content and ads, suggesting people and topics to follow, enabling and helping you discover affiliates , third-party apps, and services. We may use the information we collect and publicly available information to help train our machine learning or artificial intelligence models for the purposes outlined in this policy. We may use the information we collect from accounts of other services that you choose to connect to your X account to provide you features like cross-posting or cross-service authentication, and to operate our services. We use your contact information to help others find your account if your settings permit, including through third-party services and client applications. We use your information to provide our advertising and sponsored content services subject to your settings , which helps make ads on X more relevant to you. We also use this information to measure the effectiveness of ads and to help recognize your devices to serve you ads on and off of X. Some of our ad partners also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you, as described elsewhere in our Privacy Policy. 2.2 Foster safety and security. We use information we collect to provide for the safety and security of our users, our products, services, and your account. This includes verifying your identity, authenticating your account, estimating or verifying your age as may be required under law, and defending against fraud, unauthorized use, and illegal activity. We also use the information to evaluate and affect the safety and quality of content on X - this includes investigating and enforcing our policies and terms, as well as applicable law. 2.3 Measure, analyze and make our services better. We use the information we collect to measure and analyze the effectiveness of our products and services and to better understand how you use them in order to make them better. 2.4 Communicate with you about our services. We use the information we collect to communicate with you about our products and services, including about product updates and changes to our policies and terms. If you’re open to hearing from us, we may also send you marketing messages from time to time. 2.5 Research. We use information you share with us, or that we collect to conduct research, surveys, product testing, and troubleshooting to help us operate and improve our products and services. 3. Sharing Information You should know the ways we share your information, why we share it, and how you can control it. There are five general ways we share your information. 3.1 When you post and share. With the general public . You are directing us to disclose that information as broadly as possible. X content, including your profile information (e.g., name/pseudonym, username, profile pictures), is available for viewing by the general public. The public does not need to be signed in to view some content on X. They may also find X content off of X: for example, from search query results on Internet search engines or videos downloaded and reshared elsewhere (depending on your settings ). With other X users. Depending on your settings , and based on the X products and services you use, we share: Your interactions with X content of other users, such as replies, and people you follow. Content you send to a specific X user, such as through Direct Messages . Please keep in mind that if you’ve shared information like Direct Messages or protected posts with someone else who accesses X through a third-party service, the information may be shared with the third-party service. With partners. Depending on your settings , we also provide certain third parties with information to help us offer or operate our products and services. You can learn more about these partnerships in our Help Center . You can control whether X shares your personal information with these partners by using the “Data sharing with business partners” option in your Privacy and Safety settings . (This setting does not control sharing described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy, such as when we share information with our service providers, or through partnerships other than as described in this Help Center article.) 3.2 With third parties and third-party integrations. With service providers. We may share your information with our service providers that perform functions and provide services on our behalf, including payment services providers who facilitate payments; service providers that host our various blogs and wikis; service providers that help us understand the use of our services; applicant tracking system providers to send and receive applicant and job data to potential employers; service providers supporting age assurance solutions; and those that provide fraud detection services. With advertisers. Advertising revenue enables us to provide our products and services. Advertisers may learn information from your engagement with their ads on or off X. For example, if you click on an external link or ad on our services, that advertiser or website operator might figure out that you came from X, along with other information associated with the ad you clicked, such as characteristics of the audience it was intended to reach and other X-generated identifiers for that ad. They may also collect other personal information from you, such as cookie identifiers, or your IP address. Third-party content and integrations. We share or disclose your information with your consent or at your direction, such as when you authorize a third-party web client or application to access your account or when you direct us to share your feedback with a business. Similarly, to improve your experience, we work with third-party partners to display their video content on X or to allow cross-platform sharing. When you watch or otherwise interact with content from our video or cross-platform sharing partners, they may receive and process your personal information as described in their privacy policies. For video content, you can adjust your autoplay settings if you prefer that content not to play automatically. Third-party collaborators. Depending on your settings , or if you decide to share your data, we may share or disclose your information with third parties. If you do not opt out, in some instances the recipients of the information may use it for their own independent purposes in addition to those stated in X’s Privacy Policy, including, for example, to train their artificial intelligence models, whether generative or otherwise. Through our APIs. We use technology like APIs and embeds to make public X information available to websites, apps, and others for their use, for example, displaying posts on a news website or analyzing what people say on X. We generally make this content available in limited quantities for free and charge licensing fees for large-scale access. We have standard terms that govern how this information can be used, and a compliance program to enforce these terms. But these individuals and companies are not affiliated with X, and their offerings may not reflect updates you make on X. For more information about how we make public data on X available to the world, visit https://developer.x.com . 3.3 When required by law, to prevent harm, or in the public interest. We may preserve, use, share, or disclose your information if we believe that it is reasonably necessary to: comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request ; protect the safety of any person, protect the safety or integrity of our platform, including to help prevent spam, abuse, or malicious actors on our services; explain why we have removed content or accounts from our services (e.g., for a violation of our Rules ); address fraud, security, or technical issues; or protect our rights or property, or the rights or property of those who use our services. We may also use different signals and your data to infer, preserve, use, share, or disclose your age and identity information in order to comply with regulatory requirements as well as for safety, security, fraud, know-your-customer, know-your-business, and identity verification, as the case may be. We may also share or disclose your age and identity information with our partners, service providers, and others for these purposes. 3.4 With our affiliates. We may share information amongst our affiliates to provide our products and services. 3.5 As a result of a change in ownership. We may share, sell, or transfer information about you in connection with a merger, acquisition, reorganization, sale of assets, or bankruptcy. This Privacy Policy will apply to your personal information that is shared with (before and after the close of any transaction) or transferred to the new entity. 4. How Long We Keep Information We keep different types of information for different periods of time, depending on how long we need to retain it in order to provide you with our products and services, to comply with our legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: We keep your profile information, such as your display name, user name, password and email address for the duration of your account. We cannot provide you with our products and services without retaining this information. We keep your usage information, such as the content you post, your interactions with other users’ content and how you interact with others on the platform for the duration of your account or until such content is removed. We keep your payment information, including your credit or debit card number and billing address for the duration you use our paid products and services. Records of transactions will be kept for longer, in accordance with applicable law. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will keep information about the communication and its content for up to 18 months, unless it is necessary for us to retain it for a longer period to comply with our legal obligations or to exercise or defend our legal rights. We generally collect device information, location information, inferred identity information and log information using cookies. We keep cookies and information collected using cookies for up to 13 months. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . We keep information about your views or interactions with ads on or off X, as well as how you interact with our content on third-party sites for up to 12 months. We keep information shared by ad and business partners for up to 12 months. Where you violate our Rules and your account is suspended, we may keep the identifiers you used to create the account (such as your email address or phone number) indefinitely to prevent repeat policy offenders from creating new accounts. We may need to keep certain information longer than our policies specify in order to comply with legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: To comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request. Including in order to adhere to a legally appropriate preservation request made by law enforcement. You can read more about law enforcement access here . In connection with legal claims, litigation, and regulatory matters. Including where it is reasonably necessary to retain information relating to your account in order to defend X against legal claims. To maintain the safety and security of our products and services. Including where it is necessary to store your information longer in order to investigate and fight abuse on our products and services. Remember public content can exist elsewhere even after it is removed from X. For example, search engines and other third parties may retain copies of your posts longer, based upon their own privacy policies, even after they are deleted or expire on X. You can read more about search visibility here . 5. Take Control 5.1 Access, correction, and portability. You can access, correct, or modify the information you provided to us by editing your profile and adjusting your account settings . You can learn more about the information we have collected or inferred about you in Your X Data and request access to additional information here . You can download a copy of your information, such as your posts, by following the instructions here . To protect your privacy and maintain security, we take steps to verify your identity before granting you access to your personal information or complying with a deletion, portability, or other related request. We may, in certain situations, reject your request for access, correction, or portability, for example, we may reject access where you are unable to verify your identity. 5.2 Deleting your information. If you follow the instructions here , your account will be deactivated and your data will be queued for deletion. When deactivated, your X account, including your display name, username, and public profile, will no longer be viewable on X.com, X for iOS, and X for Android. For up to 30 days after deactivation it is still possible to restore your X account if it was accidentally or wrongfully deactivated. 5.3 Objecting to, restricting, or withdrawing your consent. You can manage your privacy settings and other account features here . If you change your settings it may take some time for your choices to be fully reflected throughout our systems. You may also notice changes in your X experience or limitations in your ability to access certain features depending on the settings you’ve adjusted. You may also manage additional settings when interacting with certain content and features on different parts of the platform, such as whether a Space is recorded, or whether videos you upload are downloadable by others. 5.4 Authorized agent requests. To submit a request related to access, modification, or deletion of your information, or someone else’s information if you are their authorized agent, you may also contact us as specified in the How To Contact X section of our Privacy Policy below. We may require you to provide additional information for verification. 6. Your Rights And Ours We provide X to people all over the world and provide many of the same privacy tools and controls to all of our users regardless of where they live. However, your experience may be slightly different than users in other countries to ensure X respects local requirements. 6.1 We have specific legal bases to use your information. X has carefully considered the legal reasons it is permitted to collect, use, share and otherwise process your information. If you want to dig in to learn more and better understand the nuances, we’d encourage you to check out this additional information about data processing . And no, we don’t sell your personal information. 6.2 We move your data to make X work for you. Just as you use X to seamlessly participate in global conversations with people in countries all over the world, X must move information across borders and to different countries around the world to support the safe and reliable service you depend on. For example, if you live in Europe and are having a conversation with someone in the United States, information has to move between those countries to provide that experience – it’s what you expect from us. We also use data centers and cloud providers, and engage our affiliates and third-party partners and service providers located in many parts of the world to help us provide our services. Before we move data between countries we look at the risks that may be presented to the data and rely on standard contractual clauses (SCCs), where applicable, to ensure your data rights are protected. To request a copy of the SCCs, please contact us here . If data will be shared with a third party, we require them to maintain the same protections over your data that we provide directly. X is a participant in the EU-US Data Privacy Framework (DPF), the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF. X complies with the DPF Principles for all its processing of personal data received from the European Union, Switzerland and the UK, in reliance on the EU-US DPF, Swiss-US DPF and UK Extension to the EU-US DPF, respectively. If you have an inquiry or complaint related to our participation in the DPF, please contact us here . As part of our participation in the DPF, if you have a dispute with us about our adherence to the DPF Principles, we will seek to resolve it through our internal complaint resolution process, alternatively through the US-based independent dispute resolution body JAMS , and under certain conditions, through the DPF Arbitration Process following the procedures and subject to the conditions described in Annex 1 to the DPF Principles. DPF participants are subject to the investigatory and enforcement powers of the US Federal Trade Commission and other authorized statutory bodies. Under certain circumstances, participants may be liable for the transfer of personal data from the EU, Switzerland and the UK to third parties outside the EU, Switzerland and the UK. Learn more about the EU-US DPF, the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF here . 7. X's Audience Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy The most current version of this Privacy Policy governs our processing of your personal data and we may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time as needed. If we do revise this Privacy Policy and make changes that are determined by us to be material, we will provide you notice and an opportunity to review the revised Privacy Policy before you continue to use X. 9. General The X Privacy Policy is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X Privacy Policy shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X Privacy Policy. 10. How To Contact X We want to hear from you if you have thoughts or questions about this Privacy Policy. You can contact us via our Privacy Policy Inquiries page or by writing to us at the appropriate address below. Information about our handling of California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) requests is available here . Information about our handling of “Consumer Health Data” and associated requests as defined under Washington State’s My Health My Data Act and other similar state laws is available here . For Oregon residents, more information about our handling of personal information described in this Privacy Policy and associated requests and appeals under Oregon’s Consumer Privacy Act (OCPA) is available here . If you live in the United States or any other country outside of the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Corp., with an address of: X Corp. Attn: Privacy Policy Inquiry 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Internet Unlimited Company, with an address of: X Internet Unlimited Company Attn: Data Protection Officer One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 IRELAND If you live in Switzerland, you can also contact our appointed representative at the following address: X Switzerland GmbH Attn: Data Protection Officer c/o Wasag Treuhand AG Normannenstrasse 8 Postfach 783 3018 Bern, SWITZERLAND If you wish to raise a concern about our data processing practices , you have the right to do so with your local supervisory authority or X Internet Unlimited Company’s lead supervisory authority, the Irish Data Protection Commission, using the contact details listed on their website. Effective: January 15, 2026 View previous policies Take control of your privacy Adjust your settings X Privacy Policy Effective until January 15, 2026 We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. The updated Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. The current Privacy Policy is located below. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal Accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a professional account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment Information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric Information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job Applications / Recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage Information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device Information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location Information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred Identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log Information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad Partners, Developers, Publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other Third Parties, Account Connections, and Integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personaliz | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dev.to/t/resources/page/3 | Resources Page 3 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # resources Follow Hide Sharing helpful articles, tools, and learning materials Create Post Older #resources posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Beyond the Tesseract: Visualizing Multidimensional Space with Recursive Nested Cones. 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Follow Dec 22 '25 Frontend Foundation: A Swap-Friendly Next.js Starter Template # nextjs # webdev # architecture # resources Comments Add Comment 1 min read I made a free list of 100+ Product Hunt alternatives prompt tester prompt tester prompt tester Follow Dec 22 '25 I made a free list of 100+ Product Hunt alternatives # showdev # resources # startup 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 1 min read Made a free online mouse tester — check for double-click faults, polling rate, CPS, and all button functions (no install needed) Liu Panfeng Liu Panfeng Liu Panfeng Follow Dec 21 '25 Made a free online mouse tester — check for double-click faults, polling rate, CPS, and all button functions (no install needed) # showdev # resources # tooling Comments Add Comment 2 min read Fixing Broken Links in the Developer Resources Henry Odinakachukwu Henry Odinakachukwu Henry Odinakachukwu Follow Dec 20 '25 Fixing Broken Links in the Developer Resources # documentation # github # resources # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read Alternatives to LeetCode Wizard: Ethical Tools for Interview Preparation Alex Hunter Alex Hunter Alex Hunter Follow Dec 19 '25 Alternatives to LeetCode Wizard: Ethical Tools for Interview Preparation # interviewprep # alternatives # aitools # resources Comments Add Comment 7 min read Tired of 50+ Tabs Open Just for Simple Dev Tasks? 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https://dev.to/datalaria/proyecto-weather-service-parte-2-construyendo-el-frontend-interactivo-con-github-pages-o-netlify-3oc0#opci%C3%B3n-2-netlify-la-elecci%C3%B3n-final-para-este-proyecto | Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 2): Construyendo el Frontend Interactivo con GitHub Pages o Netlify y JavaScript - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Daniel for Datalaria Posted on Jan 13 • Originally published at datalaria.com Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 2): Construyendo el Frontend Interactivo con GitHub Pages o Netlify y JavaScript # frontend # javascript # spanish # tutorial En la primera parte de esta serie , sentamos las bases de nuestro servicio meteorológico global. Construimos un script de Python para obtener datos del clima de OpenWeatherMap, los almacenamos eficientemente en ficheros CSV separados por ciudad y automatizamos todo el proceso de recolección utilizando GitHub Actions. Nuestro "robot" está diligentemente recopilando datos 24/7. Pero, ¿de qué sirven los datos si no puedes verlos? Hoy, cambiamos nuestro enfoque al frontend : la construcción de un dashboard interactivo y fácil de usar que permita a cualquiera explorar los datos meteorológicos que hemos recopilado. Aprovecharemos el poder del alojamiento de sitios estáticos con GitHub Pages o Netlify , utilizaremos JavaScript "vainilla" para darle vida y nos apoyaremos en algunas excelentes librerías para el manejo y la visualización de datos. ¡Hagamos que nuestros datos brillen! Alojamiento Web Gratuito: GitHub Pages vs. Netlify El primer obstáculo para cualquier proyecto web es el alojamiento. Los servidores tradicionales pueden ser costosos y complejos de gestionar. Siguiendo nuestra filosofía "serverless y gratis", tanto GitHub Pages como Netlify son soluciones perfectas para alojar sitios web estáticos directamente desde tu repositorio de GitHub. Opción 1: GitHub Pages Permite alojar sitios web estáticos directamente desde tu repositorio de GitHub. La activación es trivial: Ve a Settings > Pages en tu repositorio. Selecciona tu rama main (o la rama que contenga tu contenido web) como fuente. Elige la carpeta /root (o una carpeta /docs si lo prefieres) como la ubicación de tus archivos web. Haz clic en Save . Y así, tu archivo index.html (y cualquier recurso vinculado) se vuelve accesible públicamente en una URL como https://tu-usuario.github.io/tu-nombre-de-repositorio/ . ¡Sencillo, efectivo y gratuito! 🚀 Opción 2: Netlify (¡la elección final para este proyecto!) Para este proyecto, finalmente he optado por Netlify por su flexibilidad, la facilidad para gestionar dominios personalizados y su integración con el despliegue continuo. Además, me permite alojar el proyecto directamente bajo mi dominio de Datalaria ( https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ ). Pasos para desplegar en Netlify: Conectar tu Repositorio : Inicia sesión en Netlify. Haz clic en "Add new site" y luego en "Import an existing project". Conecta tu cuenta de GitHub y selecciona el repositorio de tu proyecto Weather Service. Configuración de Despliegue : Owner : Tu cuenta de GitHub. Branch to deploy : main (o la rama donde tengas tu código frontend). Base directory : Deja esto vacío si tu index.html y assets están en la raíz del repositorio, o especifica una subcarpeta si es el caso (ej., /frontend ). Build command : Déjalo vacío, ya que nuestro frontend es puramente estático sin necesidad de un paso de build (sin frameworks como React/Vue). Publish directory : . (o la subcarpeta que contenga tus archivos estáticos, ej., /frontend ). Desplegar Sitio : Haz clic en "Deploy site". Netlify tomará tu repositorio, lo desplegará y te proporcionará una URL aleatoria. Dominio Personalizado (Opcional pero recomendado) : Para usar un dominio como datalaria.com/apps/weather/ : Ve a Site settings > Domain management > Domains > Add a custom domain . Sigue los pasos para añadir tu dominio y configurarlo con los DNS de tu proveedor (añadiendo registros CNAME o A ). Para la ruta específica ( /apps/weather/ ), necesitarás configurar una "subcarpeta" o "base URL" en tu aplicación si no está directamente en la raíz del dominio. En este caso, nuestro index.html está diseñado para ser servido desde una subruta. Netlify gestiona esto de forma transparente una vez que el sitio está desplegado y tu dominio configurado. ¡Así de sencillo! Cada git push a tu rama configurada activará un nuevo despliegue en Netlify, manteniendo tu dashboard siempre actualizado. La Pila Tecnológica del Frontend: HTML, CSS y JavaScript (con una pequeña ayuda) Para este dashboard, opté por un enfoque ligero: HTML puro para la estructura, un poco de CSS para los estilos y JavaScript "vainilla" (sin frameworks complejos) para la interactividad. Para manejar tareas específicas, incorporé dos librerías fantásticas: PapaParse.js : El mejor parser de CSV del lado del cliente para el navegador. Es el puente entre nuestros archivos CSV en bruto y las estructuras de datos de JavaScript que necesitamos para la visualización. Chart.js : Una potente y flexible librería de gráficos JavaScript que facilita enormemente la creación de gráficos bonitos, responsivos e interactivos. La Lógica del Dashboard: Dando Vida a los Datos en index.html Nuestro index.html actúa como el lienzo principal, orquestando la obtención, el parseo y la representación de los datos meteorológicos. 1. Carga Dinámica de Ciudades En lugar de codificar una lista de ciudades, queremos que nuestro dashboard se actualice automáticamente si añadimos nuevas ciudades en el backend. Lo logramos obteniendo un simple archivo ciudades.txt (que contiene un nombre de ciudad por línea) y poblando dinámicamente un elemento desplegable <select> utilizando la API fetch de JavaScript. const citySelector = document . getElementById ( ' citySelector ' ); let myChart = null ; // Variable global para almacenar la instancia de Chart.js async function cargarListaCiudades () { try { const response = await fetch ( ' ciudades.txt ' ); const text = await response . text (); // Filtramos las líneas vacías del archivo de texto const ciudades = text . split ( ' \n ' ). filter ( line => line . trim () !== '' ); ciudades . forEach ( ciudad => { const option = document . createElement ( ' option ' ); option . value = ciudad ; option . textContent = ciudad ; citySelector . appendChild ( option ); }); // Cargamos la primera ciudad por defecto al inicio de la página if ( ciudades . length > 0 ) { cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudades [ 0 ]); } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Error cargando la lista de ciudades: ' , error ); // Opcional: Mostrar un mensaje de error amigable al usuario } } // Disparamos la carga de ciudades cuando el DOM esté completamente cargado document . addEventListener ( ' DOMContentLoaded ' , cargarListaCiudades ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Reacción a la Selección del Usuario Cuando un usuario selecciona una ciudad del desplegable, necesitamos responder de inmediato. Un addEventListener en el elemento <select> detecta el evento change y llama a nuestra función principal para obtener y dibujar los datos de la ciudad recién seleccionada. citySelector . addEventListener ( ' change ' , ( event ) => { const ciudadSeleccionada = event . target . value ; cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudadSeleccionada ); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Obtención, Parseo y Dibujado de Datos Esta es la función central donde todo cobra vida. Es responsable de: Construir la URL para el archivo CSV específico de la ciudad (ej., datos/León.csv ). Utilizar Papa.parse para descargar y procesar el contenido del CSV directamente en el navegador. PapaParse maneja la obtención y el parseo asíncronos, lo que lo hace increíblemente fácil. Extraer las etiquetas (fechas) y los datos (temperaturas) relevantes del CSV parseado para Chart.js. ¡Crucial! : Antes de dibujar un nuevo gráfico, debemos destruir la instancia anterior de Chart.js ( if (myChart) { myChart.destroy(); } ). ¡Olvidar este paso lleva a gráficos superpuestos y problemas de rendimiento! 💥 Crear una nueva instancia de Chart() con los datos actualizados. Adicionalmente, llama a una función para cargar y mostrar la predicción de IA para esa ciudad, integrándola sin problemas en el dashboard. function cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudad ) { const csvUrl = `datos/ ${ ciudad } .csv` ; // Nota la carpeta 'datos/' de la Parte 1 const ctx = document . getElementById ( ' weatherChart ' ). getContext ( ' 2d ' ); Papa . parse ( csvUrl , { download : true , // Indica a PapaParse que descargue el archivo header : true , // Trata la primera fila como encabezados skipEmptyLines : true , complete : function ( results ) { const datosClimaticos = results . data ; // Extraer etiquetas (fechas) y datos (temperaturas) const etiquetas = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => fila . fecha_hora . split ( ' ' )[ 0 ]); // Extraer solo la fecha const tempMax = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => parseFloat ( fila . temp_max_c )); const tempMin = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => parseFloat ( fila . temp_min_c )); // Destruir la instancia de gráfico anterior si existe para evitar superposiciones if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Crear una nueva instancia de Chart.js myChart = new Chart ( ctx , { type : ' line ' , data : { labels : etiquetas , datasets : [{ label : `Temp Máx (°C) - ${ ciudad } ` , data : tempMax , borderColor : ' rgb(255, 99, 132) ' , tension : 0.1 }, { label : `Temp Mín (°C) - ${ ciudad } ` , data : tempMin , borderColor : ' rgb(54, 162, 235) ' , tension : 0.1 }] }, options : { // Opciones del gráfico para responsividad, título, etc. responsive : true , maintainAspectRatio : false , scales : { y : { beginAtZero : false } }, plugins : { legend : { position : ' top ' }, title : { display : true , text : `Datos Históricos del Clima para ${ ciudad } ` } } } }); // Cargar y mostrar la predicción de IA cargarPrediccion ( ciudad ); }, error : function ( err , file ) { console . error ( " Error al parsear el CSV: " , err , file ); // Opcional: mostrar un mensaje de error amigable en el dashboard if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Limpiar gráfico si falla la carga } }); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Mostrar Predicciones de IA La integración de las predicciones de IA (en las que profundizaremos en la Parte 3) también se gestiona desde el frontend. El backend genera un archivo predicciones.json , y nuestro JavaScript simplemente obtiene este JSON, encuentra la predicción para la ciudad seleccionada y la muestra. async function cargarPrediccion ( ciudad ) { const predictionElement = document . getElementById ( ' prediction ' ); try { const response = await fetch ( ' predicciones.json ' ); const predicciones = await response . json (); if ( predicciones && predicciones [ ciudad ]) { predictionElement . textContent = `Predicción de Temp. Máx. para mañana: ${ predicciones [ ciudad ]. toFixed ( 1 )} °C` ; } else { predictionElement . textContent = ' Predicción no disponible. ' ; } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Error cargando predicciones: ' , error ); predictionElement . textContent = ' Error al cargar la predicción. ' ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Conclusión (Parte 2) ¡Hemos transformado los datos en bruto en una experiencia atractiva e interactiva! Al combinar el alojamiento estático de GitHub Pages o Netlify, JavaScript "vainilla" para la lógica, PapaParse.js para el manejo de CSV y Chart.js para visualizaciones hermosas, hemos construido un frontend potente que es a la vez gratuito y muy efectivo. El dashboard ahora proporciona información inmediata sobre los patrones climáticos históricos de cualquier ciudad seleccionada. Pero, ¿qué pasa con el futuro? En la tercera y última parte de esta serie , nos adentraremos en el emocionante mundo del Machine Learning para añadir una capa predictiva a nuestro servicio. Exploraremos cómo usar datos históricos para pronosticar el tiempo de mañana, convirtiendo nuestro servicio en un verdadero "oráculo" meteorológico. ¡No te lo pierdas! Referencias y Enlaces de Interés: Servicio Web Completo : Puedes ver el resultado final de este proyecto en acción aquí: https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ Repositorio GitHub del Proyecto : Explora el código fuente y la estructura del proyecto en mi repositorio: https://github.com/Dalaez/app_weather PapaParse.js : Parser de CSV rápido en el navegador para JavaScript: https://www.papaparse.com/ Chart.js : Gráficos JavaScript simples pero flexibles para diseñadores y desarrolladores: https://www.chartjs.org/ GitHub Pages : Documentación oficial sobre cómo alojar tus sitios: https://docs.github.com/es/pages Netlify : Página oficial de Netlify: https://www.netlify.com/ Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Datalaria Follow More from Datalaria Weather Service Project (Part 2): Building the Interactive Frontend with GitHub Pages or Netlify and JavaScript # frontend # javascript # tutorial # webdev Weather Service Project (Part 1): Building the Data Collector with Python and GitHub Actions or Netlify # api # automation # python # tutorial Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 1): Construyendo el Recolector de Datos con Python y GitHub Actions o Netlify # dataengineering # python # spanish # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://twitter.com/en/privacy#overlay-chapter2.6.1 | X Privacy Policy Skip to main content Privacy Policy <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Privacy Policy" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="1BJ8" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link=" https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/privacy-policy-2025-07-28/en/x-privacy-policy-2025-07-28.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> X Privacy Policy We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. This version of the Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Privacy Policy continues to apply. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a Professional Account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job applications / recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about you and/or your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad partners, developers, and publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other third parties, account connections, and integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personalize our products and services so that you have a better experience on X, including by showing you more relevant content and ads, suggesting people and topics to follow, enabling and helping you discover affiliates , third-party apps, and services. We may use the information we collect and publicly available information to help train our machine learning or artificial intelligence models for the purposes outlined in this policy. We may use the information we collect from accounts of other services that you choose to connect to your X account to provide you features like cross-posting or cross-service authentication, and to operate our services. We use your contact information to help others find your account if your settings permit, including through third-party services and client applications. We use your information to provide our advertising and sponsored content services subject to your settings , which helps make ads on X more relevant to you. We also use this information to measure the effectiveness of ads and to help recognize your devices to serve you ads on and off of X. Some of our ad partners also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you, as described elsewhere in our Privacy Policy. 2.2 Foster safety and security. We use information we collect to provide for the safety and security of our users, our products, services, and your account. This includes verifying your identity, authenticating your account, estimating or verifying your age as may be required under law, and defending against fraud, unauthorized use, and illegal activity. We also use the information to evaluate and affect the safety and quality of content on X - this includes investigating and enforcing our policies and terms, as well as applicable law. 2.3 Measure, analyze and make our services better. We use the information we collect to measure and analyze the effectiveness of our products and services and to better understand how you use them in order to make them better. 2.4 Communicate with you about our services. We use the information we collect to communicate with you about our products and services, including about product updates and changes to our policies and terms. If you’re open to hearing from us, we may also send you marketing messages from time to time. 2.5 Research. We use information you share with us, or that we collect to conduct research, surveys, product testing, and troubleshooting to help us operate and improve our products and services. 3. Sharing Information You should know the ways we share your information, why we share it, and how you can control it. There are five general ways we share your information. 3.1 When you post and share. With the general public . You are directing us to disclose that information as broadly as possible. X content, including your profile information (e.g., name/pseudonym, username, profile pictures), is available for viewing by the general public. The public does not need to be signed in to view some content on X. They may also find X content off of X: for example, from search query results on Internet search engines or videos downloaded and reshared elsewhere (depending on your settings ). With other X users. Depending on your settings , and based on the X products and services you use, we share: Your interactions with X content of other users, such as replies, and people you follow. Content you send to a specific X user, such as through Direct Messages . Please keep in mind that if you’ve shared information like Direct Messages or protected posts with someone else who accesses X through a third-party service, the information may be shared with the third-party service. With partners. Depending on your settings , we also provide certain third parties with information to help us offer or operate our products and services. You can learn more about these partnerships in our Help Center . You can control whether X shares your personal information with these partners by using the “Data sharing with business partners” option in your Privacy and Safety settings . (This setting does not control sharing described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy, such as when we share information with our service providers, or through partnerships other than as described in this Help Center article.) 3.2 With third parties and third-party integrations. With service providers. We may share your information with our service providers that perform functions and provide services on our behalf, including payment services providers who facilitate payments; service providers that host our various blogs and wikis; service providers that help us understand the use of our services; applicant tracking system providers to send and receive applicant and job data to potential employers; service providers supporting age assurance solutions; and those that provide fraud detection services. With advertisers. Advertising revenue enables us to provide our products and services. Advertisers may learn information from your engagement with their ads on or off X. For example, if you click on an external link or ad on our services, that advertiser or website operator might figure out that you came from X, along with other information associated with the ad you clicked, such as characteristics of the audience it was intended to reach and other X-generated identifiers for that ad. They may also collect other personal information from you, such as cookie identifiers, or your IP address. Third-party content and integrations. We share or disclose your information with your consent or at your direction, such as when you authorize a third-party web client or application to access your account or when you direct us to share your feedback with a business. Similarly, to improve your experience, we work with third-party partners to display their video content on X or to allow cross-platform sharing. When you watch or otherwise interact with content from our video or cross-platform sharing partners, they may receive and process your personal information as described in their privacy policies. For video content, you can adjust your autoplay settings if you prefer that content not to play automatically. Third-party collaborators. Depending on your settings , or if you decide to share your data, we may share or disclose your information with third parties. If you do not opt out, in some instances the recipients of the information may use it for their own independent purposes in addition to those stated in X’s Privacy Policy, including, for example, to train their artificial intelligence models, whether generative or otherwise. Through our APIs. We use technology like APIs and embeds to make public X information available to websites, apps, and others for their use, for example, displaying posts on a news website or analyzing what people say on X. We generally make this content available in limited quantities for free and charge licensing fees for large-scale access. We have standard terms that govern how this information can be used, and a compliance program to enforce these terms. But these individuals and companies are not affiliated with X, and their offerings may not reflect updates you make on X. For more information about how we make public data on X available to the world, visit https://developer.x.com . 3.3 When required by law, to prevent harm, or in the public interest. We may preserve, use, share, or disclose your information if we believe that it is reasonably necessary to: comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request ; protect the safety of any person, protect the safety or integrity of our platform, including to help prevent spam, abuse, or malicious actors on our services; explain why we have removed content or accounts from our services (e.g., for a violation of our Rules ); address fraud, security, or technical issues; or protect our rights or property, or the rights or property of those who use our services. We may also use different signals and your data to infer, preserve, use, share, or disclose your age and identity information in order to comply with regulatory requirements as well as for safety, security, fraud, know-your-customer, know-your-business, and identity verification, as the case may be. We may also share or disclose your age and identity information with our partners, service providers, and others for these purposes. 3.4 With our affiliates. We may share information amongst our affiliates to provide our products and services. 3.5 As a result of a change in ownership. We may share, sell, or transfer information about you in connection with a merger, acquisition, reorganization, sale of assets, or bankruptcy. This Privacy Policy will apply to your personal information that is shared with (before and after the close of any transaction) or transferred to the new entity. 4. How Long We Keep Information We keep different types of information for different periods of time, depending on how long we need to retain it in order to provide you with our products and services, to comply with our legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: We keep your profile information, such as your display name, user name, password and email address for the duration of your account. We cannot provide you with our products and services without retaining this information. We keep your usage information, such as the content you post, your interactions with other users’ content and how you interact with others on the platform for the duration of your account or until such content is removed. We keep your payment information, including your credit or debit card number and billing address for the duration you use our paid products and services. Records of transactions will be kept for longer, in accordance with applicable law. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will keep information about the communication and its content for up to 18 months, unless it is necessary for us to retain it for a longer period to comply with our legal obligations or to exercise or defend our legal rights. We generally collect device information, location information, inferred identity information and log information using cookies. We keep cookies and information collected using cookies for up to 13 months. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . We keep information about your views or interactions with ads on or off X, as well as how you interact with our content on third-party sites for up to 12 months. We keep information shared by ad and business partners for up to 12 months. Where you violate our Rules and your account is suspended, we may keep the identifiers you used to create the account (such as your email address or phone number) indefinitely to prevent repeat policy offenders from creating new accounts. We may need to keep certain information longer than our policies specify in order to comply with legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: To comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request. Including in order to adhere to a legally appropriate preservation request made by law enforcement. You can read more about law enforcement access here . In connection with legal claims, litigation, and regulatory matters. Including where it is reasonably necessary to retain information relating to your account in order to defend X against legal claims. To maintain the safety and security of our products and services. Including where it is necessary to store your information longer in order to investigate and fight abuse on our products and services. Remember public content can exist elsewhere even after it is removed from X. For example, search engines and other third parties may retain copies of your posts longer, based upon their own privacy policies, even after they are deleted or expire on X. You can read more about search visibility here . 5. Take Control 5.1 Access, correction, and portability. You can access, correct, or modify the information you provided to us by editing your profile and adjusting your account settings . You can learn more about the information we have collected or inferred about you in Your X Data and request access to additional information here . You can download a copy of your information, such as your posts, by following the instructions here . To protect your privacy and maintain security, we take steps to verify your identity before granting you access to your personal information or complying with a deletion, portability, or other related request. We may, in certain situations, reject your request for access, correction, or portability, for example, we may reject access where you are unable to verify your identity. 5.2 Deleting your information. If you follow the instructions here , your account will be deactivated and your data will be queued for deletion. When deactivated, your X account, including your display name, username, and public profile, will no longer be viewable on X.com, X for iOS, and X for Android. For up to 30 days after deactivation it is still possible to restore your X account if it was accidentally or wrongfully deactivated. 5.3 Objecting to, restricting, or withdrawing your consent. You can manage your privacy settings and other account features here . If you change your settings it may take some time for your choices to be fully reflected throughout our systems. You may also notice changes in your X experience or limitations in your ability to access certain features depending on the settings you’ve adjusted. You may also manage additional settings when interacting with certain content and features on different parts of the platform, such as whether a Space is recorded, or whether videos you upload are downloadable by others. 5.4 Authorized agent requests. To submit a request related to access, modification, or deletion of your information, or someone else’s information if you are their authorized agent, you may also contact us as specified in the How To Contact X section of our Privacy Policy below. We may require you to provide additional information for verification. 6. Your Rights And Ours We provide X to people all over the world and provide many of the same privacy tools and controls to all of our users regardless of where they live. However, your experience may be slightly different than users in other countries to ensure X respects local requirements. 6.1 We have specific legal bases to use your information. X has carefully considered the legal reasons it is permitted to collect, use, share and otherwise process your information. If you want to dig in to learn more and better understand the nuances, we’d encourage you to check out this additional information about data processing . And no, we don’t sell your personal information. 6.2 We move your data to make X work for you. Just as you use X to seamlessly participate in global conversations with people in countries all over the world, X must move information across borders and to different countries around the world to support the safe and reliable service you depend on. For example, if you live in Europe and are having a conversation with someone in the United States, information has to move between those countries to provide that experience – it’s what you expect from us. We also use data centers and cloud providers, and engage our affiliates and third-party partners and service providers located in many parts of the world to help us provide our services. Before we move data between countries we look at the risks that may be presented to the data and rely on standard contractual clauses (SCCs), where applicable, to ensure your data rights are protected. To request a copy of the SCCs, please contact us here . If data will be shared with a third party, we require them to maintain the same protections over your data that we provide directly. X is a participant in the EU-US Data Privacy Framework (DPF), the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF. X complies with the DPF Principles for all its processing of personal data received from the European Union, Switzerland and the UK, in reliance on the EU-US DPF, Swiss-US DPF and UK Extension to the EU-US DPF, respectively. If you have an inquiry or complaint related to our participation in the DPF, please contact us here . As part of our participation in the DPF, if you have a dispute with us about our adherence to the DPF Principles, we will seek to resolve it through our internal complaint resolution process, alternatively through the US-based independent dispute resolution body JAMS , and under certain conditions, through the DPF Arbitration Process following the procedures and subject to the conditions described in Annex 1 to the DPF Principles. DPF participants are subject to the investigatory and enforcement powers of the US Federal Trade Commission and other authorized statutory bodies. Under certain circumstances, participants may be liable for the transfer of personal data from the EU, Switzerland and the UK to third parties outside the EU, Switzerland and the UK. Learn more about the EU-US DPF, the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF here . 7. X's Audience Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy The most current version of this Privacy Policy governs our processing of your personal data and we may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time as needed. If we do revise this Privacy Policy and make changes that are determined by us to be material, we will provide you notice and an opportunity to review the revised Privacy Policy before you continue to use X. 9. General The X Privacy Policy is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X Privacy Policy shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X Privacy Policy. 10. How To Contact X We want to hear from you if you have thoughts or questions about this Privacy Policy. You can contact us via our Privacy Policy Inquiries page or by writing to us at the appropriate address below. Information about our handling of California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) requests is available here . Information about our handling of “Consumer Health Data” and associated requests as defined under Washington State’s My Health My Data Act and other similar state laws is available here . For Oregon residents, more information about our handling of personal information described in this Privacy Policy and associated requests and appeals under Oregon’s Consumer Privacy Act (OCPA) is available here . If you live in the United States or any other country outside of the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Corp., with an address of: X Corp. Attn: Privacy Policy Inquiry 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Internet Unlimited Company, with an address of: X Internet Unlimited Company Attn: Data Protection Officer One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 IRELAND If you live in Switzerland, you can also contact our appointed representative at the following address: X Switzerland GmbH Attn: Data Protection Officer c/o Wasag Treuhand AG Normannenstrasse 8 Postfach 783 3018 Bern, SWITZERLAND If you wish to raise a concern about our data processing practices , you have the right to do so with your local supervisory authority or X Internet Unlimited Company’s lead supervisory authority, the Irish Data Protection Commission, using the contact details listed on their website. Effective: January 15, 2026 View previous policies Take control of your privacy Adjust your settings X Privacy Policy Effective until January 15, 2026 We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. The updated Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. The current Privacy Policy is located below. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal Accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a professional account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment Information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric Information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job Applications / Recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage Information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device Information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location Information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred Identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log Information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad Partners, Developers, Publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other Third Parties, Account Connections, and Integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personaliz | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dev.to/zayanmohamed/job-board-scraping-api-endpoints-cheat-sheet-1da7#comments | Job Board Scraping: API Endpoints & Cheat Sheet - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Zayan Mohamed Posted on Jan 10 Job Board Scraping: API Endpoints & Cheat Sheet # api # python # machinelearning # programming I found a Python script that aggregates jobs without needing complex authentication. Here are the endpoints. 1. LinkedIn (The "Guest" API Trick) You don't need OAuth if you use the "Guest" endpoint, but you must use a real User-Agent header. URL: https://www.linkedin.com/jobs-guest/jobs/api/seeMoreJobPostings/search Method: GET Critical Headers: User-Agent : Mozilla/5.0 ... Chrome/120.0... (Use a real browser string) Upgrade-Insecure-Requests : 1 Parameters: keywords : (e.g., "software engineer") location : (e.g., "Remote") start : Pagination offset (0, 25, 50...) f_TP : 1 (Crucial: filters for "Last 24 hours" to avoid dead links) 2. Remotive (Public API) Clean JSON response, no scraping html needed. URL: https://remotive.com/api/remote-jobs Params: category=software-dev , limit=10 3. Arbeitnow Returns a massive JSON list; filter it client-side. URL: https://www.arbeitnow.com/api/job-board-api Python Snippet: The Rate Limiter Always sleep between requests to avoid IP bans. import time import requests # Be polite time . sleep ( 2 ) response = requests . get ( url , headers = headers ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If you have time checkout my TIL (Today I learned)! Zayan-Mohamed/til If you find it useful, drop a ⭐ on the repo—it helps a lot! 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Zayan Mohamed Follow I'm Zayan Mohamed, an IT undergraduate at SLIIT University, majoring in Data Science Location Colombo, Sri Lanka Education Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Pronouns He/Him Joined Dec 16, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot The FAANG is dead💀 # webdev # programming # career # faang Stop Overengineering: How to Write Clean Code That Actually Ships 🚀 # discuss # javascript # programming # webdev What was your win this week??? # weeklyretro # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dev.to/alibaba_tongyi_lab_25ad9f/nov28-2025-the-tongyi-weekly-your-weekly-dose-of-cutting-edge-ai-from-tongyi-lab-kbb | Nov28, 2025 | The Tongyi Weekly: Your weekly dose of cutting-edge AI from Tongyi Lab - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Tongyi Lab Posted on Nov 28, 2025 Nov28, 2025 | The Tongyi Weekly: Your weekly dose of cutting-edge AI from Tongyi Lab # ai # opensource # machinelearning # news Hello, community, This week, research and community converged in perfect harmony. On the global stage, our work on Gated Attention was honored with the NeurIPS 2025 Best Paper Award. And right here, in the open, we launched Z-Image: an open-source, 6-billion-parameter model that delivers top-tier image generation for everyone, everywhere. But as always, the real magic came from you. This week reminded us of a simple truth: Great AI isn’t built in isolation — it’s co-created. You read our papers.You fine-tune our models.You build tools we never imagined.And you push us to be better. 👉 Subscribe to The Tongyi Weekly and never miss a release: Subscribe Now： https://www.linkedin.com/build-relation/newsletter-follow?entityUrn=7392460924453945345 📣 Model Release & Updates Introducing Z-Image: A High Performance, Open, and Accessible Image Generation Model We are pleased to introduce Z-Image, an efficient 6-billion-parameter foundation model for image generation. Through systematic optimization, it proves that top-tier performance is achievable without relying on enormous model sizes, delivering strong results in photorealistic generation and bilingual text rendering that are comparable to leading commercial models. We are publicly releasing two specialized models on Z-Image: Z-Image-Turbo for generation and Z-Image-Edit for editing. The model code, weights, and an online demo are now publicly available to encourage community exploration and use. With this release, we aim to promote the development of generative models that are accessible, low-cost, and high-performance. 📄 Blog 📌 GitHub 📌 ModelScope 📌 HuggingFace 📌 Z-Image gallery P.S. Z-Image Turbo is already #1 on Hugging Face’s trending models and Spaces. Thank you, community — you’re moving faster than we are! 📚 Research Breakthroughs NeurIPS 2025 Best Paper Award We are deeply honored to announce that our paper“ Gated Attention for Large Language Models: Non-linearity, Sparsity, and Attention-Sink-Free ” has been awarded the NeurIPS 2025 Best Paper Award. Reflections from the Selection Committee: This paper represents a substantial amount of work that is possible only with access to industrial scale computing resources, and the authors’ sharing of the results of their work, which will advance the community’s understanding of attention in large language models, is highly commendable, especially in an environment where there has been a move away from open sharing of scientific results around LLMs. 📖 Read the announcement Qwen3-VL Technical Report Now on arXiv The full story behind Qwen3-VL is now out on arXiv From pretraining to post-training, architecture to infra, data to evaluation, we’ve packed in the details for anyone building on vision-language models. 3 models >1M downloads in just over a month Qwen3-VL-8B leads with 2M+ downloads Built on the shoulders of Qwen2.5-VL (2800+ citations in <10 months!) Whether you’re fine-tuning, deploying, or researching VLMs — this is your playbook. 📄 Read the full paper on arXiv 🧩 Ecosystem Highlights Turn Portraits Into Cartoons: Qwen-Image-Edit-2509-Caricature-LoRA from drbaph This LoRA from drbaph transforms input images into sketched caricature art with exaggerated features. It's an image-to-image model that takes your photo as input and creates humorous, artistic caricature representations of people and animal subjects with emphasized facial features and characteristics. 👉 Try it here Light Restoration V2: Qwen-Image-Edit-2509-Light_restoration from dx8152 dx8152 is moving at lightning speed! The V2 update of their Light Restoration LoRA now lets you scrub lighting from any reference image to build better training pairs. 👉 Try it here Day/Night Shift: Qwen-Edit-Loras from lividtm Need a clean Day/Night shift? lividtm has you covered. This LoRA for Qwen-Image-Edit-2509 handles 2K resolution while keeping scene details locked. Simple trigger words, high fidelity. 👉 Try it here 📬 Want More? Stay Updated. Every week, we bring you: ● New model releases & upgrades ● AI research breakthroughs ● Open-source tools you can use today ● Community highlights that inspire 👉 Subscribe to The Tongyi Weekly and never miss a release. Subscribe Now： https://www.linkedin.com/build-relation/newsletter-follow?entityUrn=7392460924453945345 Thank you for being part of this journey. Tongyi Lab is a research institution under Alibaba Group dedicated to artificial intelligence and foundation models, focusing on the research, development, and innovative applications of AI models across diverse domains. Its research spans large language models (LLMs), multimodal understanding and generation, visual AIGC, speech technologies, and more. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Tongyi Lab Follow We’re Tongyi Lab — the AI research institute under Alibaba Group, and the team behind Qwen, Wan, Tongyi Fun, and a growing ecosystem of models and frameworks loved by millions of developers worldwide. Joined Nov 7, 2025 More from Tongyi Lab Jan 9, 2026 | The Tongyi Weekly: Your weekly dose of cutting-edge AI from Tongyi Lab # ai # android # ios # news Dec 26, 2025 | The Tongyi Weekly: Your weekly dose of cutting-edge AI from Tongyi Lab # ai # news # opensource Dec 19, 2025 | The Tongyi Weekly: Your weekly dose of cutting-edge AI from Tongyi Lab # ai # opensource # llm # genai 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # tutorial Follow Hide Tutorial is a general purpose tag. We welcome all types of tutorial - code related or not! It's all about learning, and using tutorials to teach others! Create Post submission guidelines Tutorials should teach by example. This can include an interactive component or steps the reader can follow to understand. Older #tutorial posts 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Serving LLMs at Scale with KitOps, Kubeflow, and KServe Jesse Williams Jesse Williams Jesse Williams Follow for Jozu Dec 4 '25 Serving LLMs at Scale with KitOps, Kubeflow, and KServe # ai # tutorial # devops # opensource 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 21 min read Map a Kubernetes cluster with one command Adam Gardner Adam Gardner Adam Gardner Follow Nov 10 '25 Map a Kubernetes cluster with one command # kubernetes # dns # tutorial # sre Comments Add Comment 1 min read Shopify Headless Architecture Guide for Developers Elsie Rainee Elsie Rainee Elsie Rainee Follow Dec 15 '25 Shopify Headless Architecture Guide for Developers # discuss # tutorial # developer # shopifyheadlessarchitecture 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 5 min read 274. H-Index | LeetCode | Top Interview 150 | Coding Questions Debesh P. Debesh P. Debesh P. Follow Dec 16 '25 274. H-Index | LeetCode | Top Interview 150 | Coding Questions # leetcode # programming # beginners # tutorial 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Virtual Functions, Abstract Classes, and Interfaces in C++ Jyoti Jingar Jyoti Jingar Jyoti Jingar Follow Nov 11 '25 Virtual Functions, Abstract Classes, and Interfaces in C++ # cpp # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read Laravel Livewire CRUD Tutorial: Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners prateekshaweb prateekshaweb prateekshaweb Follow Dec 15 '25 Laravel Livewire CRUD Tutorial: Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners # php # beginners # laravel # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Getting Started with Database Entity Relationship Jane Jane Jane Follow for Mastering Backend Nov 11 '25 Getting Started with Database Entity Relationship # sql # database # backend # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read Build a Verified Address Input Form with Autocomplete Suggestions and UX-Friendly Confirmation Casey Rivers Casey Rivers Casey Rivers Follow for Geoapify Maps API Dec 15 '25 Build a Verified Address Input Form with Autocomplete Suggestions and UX-Friendly Confirmation # javascript # webdev # api # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 9 min read 📚 An In-Depth Guide to Modern Cryptography and Web Security Al Amin Al Amin Al Amin Follow Nov 16 '25 📚 An In-Depth Guide to Modern Cryptography and Web Security # cybersecurity # webdev # security # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read Stop Hardcoding Translations in Laravel - Use Translatable Laravel Mastery Laravel Mastery Laravel Mastery Follow Dec 14 '25 Stop Hardcoding Translations in Laravel - Use Translatable # backend # laravel # tutorial # php Comments 7 comments 3 min read 🧱 Lesson 7 - Message Queues with RabbitMQ Farrukh Rehman Farrukh Rehman Farrukh Rehman Follow Nov 10 '25 🧱 Lesson 7 - Message Queues with RabbitMQ # architecture # microservices # tutorial # dotnet Comments Add Comment 5 min read Build a Personal AI Assistant with n8n on Bult.ai Bult.ai Bult.ai Bult.ai Follow for bult.ai Dec 15 '25 Build a Personal AI Assistant with n8n on Bult.ai # ai # automation # tutorial # devops Comments Add Comment 3 min read HTML tags that NO ONE talks about Varshith V Hegde Varshith V Hegde Varshith V Hegde Follow Dec 14 '25 HTML tags that NO ONE talks about # programming # webdev # productivity # tutorial 10 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read OpenTelemetry Celery Instrumentation Guide Alexandr Bandurchin Alexandr Bandurchin Alexandr Bandurchin Follow for Uptrace Nov 10 '25 OpenTelemetry Celery Instrumentation Guide # performance # tutorial # monitoring # python Comments Add Comment 10 min read OpenTelemetry Beego monitoring [otelbeego] Alexandr Bandurchin Alexandr Bandurchin Alexandr Bandurchin Follow for Uptrace Nov 10 '25 OpenTelemetry Beego monitoring [otelbeego] # performance # go # tutorial # monitoring Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Fully Integrate CoppeliaSim in Ubuntu (Command Line & Desktop) Chris Chris Chris Follow Nov 11 '25 How to Fully Integrate CoppeliaSim in Ubuntu (Command Line & Desktop) # robotics # simulation # tutorial # ubuntu Comments Add Comment 3 min read Threat Alert: How to Spot and Fix Model-Poisoning Attacks in Your AI Pipeline Malik Abualzait Malik Abualzait Malik Abualzait Follow Nov 12 '25 Threat Alert: How to Spot and Fix Model-Poisoning Attacks in Your AI Pipeline # ai # tech # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read From Notebook to Production: A Pragmatic Playbook for Developers Who Ship Sonia Bobrik Sonia Bobrik Sonia Bobrik Follow Nov 10 '25 From Notebook to Production: A Pragmatic Playbook for Developers Who Ship # devops # machinelearning # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read Enhancing App Security with OTP SMS APIs: A Developer’s Guide Divyesh Bhatasana Divyesh Bhatasana Divyesh Bhatasana Follow Nov 11 '25 Enhancing App Security with OTP SMS APIs: A Developer’s Guide # api # security # tutorial Comments Add Comment 4 min read What Is Soft Delete? Lucas Matheus Lucas Matheus Lucas Matheus Follow Dec 14 '25 What Is Soft Delete? # programming # webdev # javascript # tutorial 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 2 min read Understanding Classes and Objects in Dart Raphael Kihiro Raphael Kihiro Raphael Kihiro Follow Nov 10 '25 Understanding Classes and Objects in Dart # beginners # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 6 min read How I Used WireGuard to Secure API Communication Between Cloud Servers Afe Damilare Afe Damilare Afe Damilare Follow Nov 10 '25 How I Used WireGuard to Secure API Communication Between Cloud Servers # wireguard # backend # security # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Terraform Basics – Week 2: Variables and Reusability Ozan Guner Ozan Guner Ozan Guner Follow Nov 10 '25 Terraform Basics – Week 2: Variables and Reusability # terraform # azure # tutorial # devops Comments Add Comment 5 min read Fast‑Track Knowledge Bases: How to Build Semantic AI Search by Andriy Burkov MindsDB Team MindsDB Team MindsDB Team Follow for MindsDB Nov 10 '25 Fast‑Track Knowledge Bases: How to Build Semantic AI Search by Andriy Burkov # ai # python # opensource # tutorial Comments Add Comment 15 min read Right Approach to JSON Log Analysis: A Hands-on Guide to Efficient Practices with Alibaba Cloud SLS ObservabilityGuy ObservabilityGuy ObservabilityGuy Follow Nov 10 '25 Right Approach to JSON Log Analysis: A Hands-on Guide to Efficient Practices with Alibaba Cloud SLS # analytics # cloud # tutorial # dataengineering Comments Add Comment 7 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/codeneuron/bluegreen-deployment-strategy-11ad | 🟦🟩 Blue/Green Deployment Strategy - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse likhitha manikonda Posted on Oct 30, 2025 🟦🟩 Blue/Green Deployment Strategy # bluegreen # automation # devops # beginners Blue/Green deployment is a simple way to update software without causing downtime or breaking things for users. You create two environments—Blue (current version) and Green (new version)—and switch traffic to Green only when it's ready. 🟦🟩 Blue/Green Deployment Strategy Explained for Absolute Beginners Imagine you run a restaurant. You want to renovate the kitchen, but you can’t stop serving food. So, you build a second kitchen next door, test everything there, and once it’s perfect, you start cooking in the new kitchen and close the old one. That’s the idea behind Blue/Green deployment in software! 💡 What Is Blue/Green Deployment? It’s a strategy used by developers to release new versions of software without downtime and with minimal risk . You maintain two identical environments: Blue : The current live version that users are interacting with. Green : The new version where updates are made and tested. Once the Green version is ready and verified, you switch user traffic from Blue to Green. If something goes wrong, you can quickly switch back to Blue. 🛠️ How It Works (Step-by-Step) Blue is live : Users are using the Blue environment. Green is prepared : Developers deploy the new version to Green and test it thoroughly. Switch happens : Once Green is confirmed to be working, traffic is redirected from Blue to Green. Blue becomes backup : If issues arise, you can roll back by switching traffic back to Blue. ✅ Why Use It? Zero downtime : Users don’t experience interruptions. Safe rollbacks : You can revert to the old version instantly. Better testing : You test the new version in a real environment before going live. 🚧 Things to Watch Out For Database changes : If your update changes the database, rolling back might be tricky. Cost : Running two environments can be more expensive. Syncing data : You need to ensure both environments handle data consistently. 🧪 Real-Life Example Let’s say you’re updating your online store. You deploy the new version to Green, test the checkout process, and once everything works, you switch users to Green. If payments fail, you switch back to Blue and fix the issue. This strategy is widely used in cloud platforms like AWS, Azure, and Kubernetes. It’s a great way to deploy confidently and keep users happy. Implementing a Blue/Green deployment strategy involves setting up two separate environments and managing traffic between them. Here's a beginner-friendly breakdown of how it's typically done: 🛠️ How Blue/Green Deployment Is Implemented 1. Set Up Two Identical Environments Blue : The current live version of your app. Green : A clone of Blue, where you’ll deploy the new version. These can be separate servers, containers, or cloud environments. 2. Deploy the New Version to Green Push your updated code, configurations, and database changes (if any) to the Green environment. Run automated tests and manual checks to ensure everything works as expected. 3. Switch Traffic to Green Use a load balancer or DNS switch to redirect user traffic from Blue to Green. This switch can be instant or gradual (called canary release if done slowly). 4. Monitor the Green Environment Watch for errors, performance issues, or user complaints. Use logging and monitoring tools to track behavior. 5. Roll Back if Needed If something goes wrong, switch traffic back to Blue. Since Blue hasn’t changed, it acts as a safety net. 6. Retire or Update Blue Once Green is stable, you can: Delete Blue to save resources. Or update Blue to become the next Green for future deployments. 🧰 Tools Commonly Used Cloud Platforms : AWS (Elastic Beanstalk, EC2), Azure, Google Cloud Containers : Docker, Kubernetes CI/CD Pipelines : GitHub Actions, Jenkins, GitLab CI Traffic Management : NGINX, HAProxy, AWS Route 53 Here’s how Blue/Green deployment is done on Kubernetes , step by step: ✅ 1. What is happening in Kubernetes? Kubernetes manages Pods (your application containers). For Blue/Green, you run two separate versions of your app: Blue = current live version. Green = new version you want to deploy. ✅ 2. How to implement Blue/Green in Kubernetes Create two Deployments : deployment-blue → points to the current version. deployment-green → points to the new version. Expose them via Services : Each deployment can have its own Service (or share one with selective routing). Routing control : Use Ingress or API Gateway (like Gloo Proxy) to direct traffic. Initially, 100% traffic goes to Blue. When Green is ready, switch traffic gradually or all at once. ✅ 3. Steps Deploy Blue pods (live). Deploy Green pods (new version). Test Green internally (no external traffic yet). Update Ingress/Gloo Proxy routing : Move traffic from Blue → Green. If issues occur, roll back by routing back to Blue. ✅ Why use Blue/Green? Zero downtime during updates. Quick rollback if something breaks. Safe testing before going live. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse likhitha manikonda Follow 💻 Builder of things with code. 🚀 Always learning, occasionally teaching. Let’s turn ideas into side projects and bugs into features! Education Btech/ComputerScience Pronouns She/Her Work Lead Software Engineer Joined Sep 3, 2024 More from likhitha manikonda How to Evaluate ML Models Step by Step # ai # machinelearning # beginners # programming Machine Learning Basics: Bias, Variance, and Regularization with Intuition and Formulas # ai # machinelearning # programming # beginners Understanding AGI vs ANI: A Beginner’s Guide to Artificial Intelligence # ai # machinelearning # programming # beginners 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://x.com/privacy#current | X Privacy Policy Skip to main content Privacy Policy <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Privacy Policy" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="1BJ8" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link=" https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/privacy-policy-2025-07-28/en/x-privacy-policy-2025-07-28.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> X Privacy Policy We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. This version of the Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Privacy Policy continues to apply. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a Professional Account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job applications / recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about you and/or your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad partners, developers, and publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other third parties, account connections, and integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personalize our products and services so that you have a better experience on X, including by showing you more relevant content and ads, suggesting people and topics to follow, enabling and helping you discover affiliates , third-party apps, and services. We may use the information we collect and publicly available information to help train our machine learning or artificial intelligence models for the purposes outlined in this policy. We may use the information we collect from accounts of other services that you choose to connect to your X account to provide you features like cross-posting or cross-service authentication, and to operate our services. We use your contact information to help others find your account if your settings permit, including through third-party services and client applications. We use your information to provide our advertising and sponsored content services subject to your settings , which helps make ads on X more relevant to you. We also use this information to measure the effectiveness of ads and to help recognize your devices to serve you ads on and off of X. Some of our ad partners also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you, as described elsewhere in our Privacy Policy. 2.2 Foster safety and security. We use information we collect to provide for the safety and security of our users, our products, services, and your account. This includes verifying your identity, authenticating your account, estimating or verifying your age as may be required under law, and defending against fraud, unauthorized use, and illegal activity. We also use the information to evaluate and affect the safety and quality of content on X - this includes investigating and enforcing our policies and terms, as well as applicable law. 2.3 Measure, analyze and make our services better. We use the information we collect to measure and analyze the effectiveness of our products and services and to better understand how you use them in order to make them better. 2.4 Communicate with you about our services. We use the information we collect to communicate with you about our products and services, including about product updates and changes to our policies and terms. If you’re open to hearing from us, we may also send you marketing messages from time to time. 2.5 Research. We use information you share with us, or that we collect to conduct research, surveys, product testing, and troubleshooting to help us operate and improve our products and services. 3. Sharing Information You should know the ways we share your information, why we share it, and how you can control it. There are five general ways we share your information. 3.1 When you post and share. With the general public . You are directing us to disclose that information as broadly as possible. X content, including your profile information (e.g., name/pseudonym, username, profile pictures), is available for viewing by the general public. The public does not need to be signed in to view some content on X. They may also find X content off of X: for example, from search query results on Internet search engines or videos downloaded and reshared elsewhere (depending on your settings ). With other X users. Depending on your settings , and based on the X products and services you use, we share: Your interactions with X content of other users, such as replies, and people you follow. Content you send to a specific X user, such as through Direct Messages . Please keep in mind that if you’ve shared information like Direct Messages or protected posts with someone else who accesses X through a third-party service, the information may be shared with the third-party service. With partners. Depending on your settings , we also provide certain third parties with information to help us offer or operate our products and services. You can learn more about these partnerships in our Help Center . You can control whether X shares your personal information with these partners by using the “Data sharing with business partners” option in your Privacy and Safety settings . (This setting does not control sharing described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy, such as when we share information with our service providers, or through partnerships other than as described in this Help Center article.) 3.2 With third parties and third-party integrations. With service providers. We may share your information with our service providers that perform functions and provide services on our behalf, including payment services providers who facilitate payments; service providers that host our various blogs and wikis; service providers that help us understand the use of our services; applicant tracking system providers to send and receive applicant and job data to potential employers; service providers supporting age assurance solutions; and those that provide fraud detection services. With advertisers. Advertising revenue enables us to provide our products and services. Advertisers may learn information from your engagement with their ads on or off X. For example, if you click on an external link or ad on our services, that advertiser or website operator might figure out that you came from X, along with other information associated with the ad you clicked, such as characteristics of the audience it was intended to reach and other X-generated identifiers for that ad. They may also collect other personal information from you, such as cookie identifiers, or your IP address. Third-party content and integrations. We share or disclose your information with your consent or at your direction, such as when you authorize a third-party web client or application to access your account or when you direct us to share your feedback with a business. Similarly, to improve your experience, we work with third-party partners to display their video content on X or to allow cross-platform sharing. When you watch or otherwise interact with content from our video or cross-platform sharing partners, they may receive and process your personal information as described in their privacy policies. For video content, you can adjust your autoplay settings if you prefer that content not to play automatically. Third-party collaborators. Depending on your settings , or if you decide to share your data, we may share or disclose your information with third parties. If you do not opt out, in some instances the recipients of the information may use it for their own independent purposes in addition to those stated in X’s Privacy Policy, including, for example, to train their artificial intelligence models, whether generative or otherwise. Through our APIs. We use technology like APIs and embeds to make public X information available to websites, apps, and others for their use, for example, displaying posts on a news website or analyzing what people say on X. We generally make this content available in limited quantities for free and charge licensing fees for large-scale access. We have standard terms that govern how this information can be used, and a compliance program to enforce these terms. But these individuals and companies are not affiliated with X, and their offerings may not reflect updates you make on X. For more information about how we make public data on X available to the world, visit https://developer.x.com . 3.3 When required by law, to prevent harm, or in the public interest. We may preserve, use, share, or disclose your information if we believe that it is reasonably necessary to: comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request ; protect the safety of any person, protect the safety or integrity of our platform, including to help prevent spam, abuse, or malicious actors on our services; explain why we have removed content or accounts from our services (e.g., for a violation of our Rules ); address fraud, security, or technical issues; or protect our rights or property, or the rights or property of those who use our services. We may also use different signals and your data to infer, preserve, use, share, or disclose your age and identity information in order to comply with regulatory requirements as well as for safety, security, fraud, know-your-customer, know-your-business, and identity verification, as the case may be. We may also share or disclose your age and identity information with our partners, service providers, and others for these purposes. 3.4 With our affiliates. We may share information amongst our affiliates to provide our products and services. 3.5 As a result of a change in ownership. We may share, sell, or transfer information about you in connection with a merger, acquisition, reorganization, sale of assets, or bankruptcy. This Privacy Policy will apply to your personal information that is shared with (before and after the close of any transaction) or transferred to the new entity. 4. How Long We Keep Information We keep different types of information for different periods of time, depending on how long we need to retain it in order to provide you with our products and services, to comply with our legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: We keep your profile information, such as your display name, user name, password and email address for the duration of your account. We cannot provide you with our products and services without retaining this information. We keep your usage information, such as the content you post, your interactions with other users’ content and how you interact with others on the platform for the duration of your account or until such content is removed. We keep your payment information, including your credit or debit card number and billing address for the duration you use our paid products and services. Records of transactions will be kept for longer, in accordance with applicable law. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will keep information about the communication and its content for up to 18 months, unless it is necessary for us to retain it for a longer period to comply with our legal obligations or to exercise or defend our legal rights. We generally collect device information, location information, inferred identity information and log information using cookies. We keep cookies and information collected using cookies for up to 13 months. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . We keep information about your views or interactions with ads on or off X, as well as how you interact with our content on third-party sites for up to 12 months. We keep information shared by ad and business partners for up to 12 months. Where you violate our Rules and your account is suspended, we may keep the identifiers you used to create the account (such as your email address or phone number) indefinitely to prevent repeat policy offenders from creating new accounts. We may need to keep certain information longer than our policies specify in order to comply with legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: To comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request. Including in order to adhere to a legally appropriate preservation request made by law enforcement. You can read more about law enforcement access here . In connection with legal claims, litigation, and regulatory matters. Including where it is reasonably necessary to retain information relating to your account in order to defend X against legal claims. To maintain the safety and security of our products and services. Including where it is necessary to store your information longer in order to investigate and fight abuse on our products and services. Remember public content can exist elsewhere even after it is removed from X. For example, search engines and other third parties may retain copies of your posts longer, based upon their own privacy policies, even after they are deleted or expire on X. You can read more about search visibility here . 5. Take Control 5.1 Access, correction, and portability. You can access, correct, or modify the information you provided to us by editing your profile and adjusting your account settings . You can learn more about the information we have collected or inferred about you in Your X Data and request access to additional information here . You can download a copy of your information, such as your posts, by following the instructions here . To protect your privacy and maintain security, we take steps to verify your identity before granting you access to your personal information or complying with a deletion, portability, or other related request. We may, in certain situations, reject your request for access, correction, or portability, for example, we may reject access where you are unable to verify your identity. 5.2 Deleting your information. If you follow the instructions here , your account will be deactivated and your data will be queued for deletion. When deactivated, your X account, including your display name, username, and public profile, will no longer be viewable on X.com, X for iOS, and X for Android. For up to 30 days after deactivation it is still possible to restore your X account if it was accidentally or wrongfully deactivated. 5.3 Objecting to, restricting, or withdrawing your consent. You can manage your privacy settings and other account features here . If you change your settings it may take some time for your choices to be fully reflected throughout our systems. You may also notice changes in your X experience or limitations in your ability to access certain features depending on the settings you’ve adjusted. You may also manage additional settings when interacting with certain content and features on different parts of the platform, such as whether a Space is recorded, or whether videos you upload are downloadable by others. 5.4 Authorized agent requests. To submit a request related to access, modification, or deletion of your information, or someone else’s information if you are their authorized agent, you may also contact us as specified in the How To Contact X section of our Privacy Policy below. We may require you to provide additional information for verification. 6. Your Rights And Ours We provide X to people all over the world and provide many of the same privacy tools and controls to all of our users regardless of where they live. However, your experience may be slightly different than users in other countries to ensure X respects local requirements. 6.1 We have specific legal bases to use your information. X has carefully considered the legal reasons it is permitted to collect, use, share and otherwise process your information. If you want to dig in to learn more and better understand the nuances, we’d encourage you to check out this additional information about data processing . And no, we don’t sell your personal information. 6.2 We move your data to make X work for you. Just as you use X to seamlessly participate in global conversations with people in countries all over the world, X must move information across borders and to different countries around the world to support the safe and reliable service you depend on. For example, if you live in Europe and are having a conversation with someone in the United States, information has to move between those countries to provide that experience – it’s what you expect from us. We also use data centers and cloud providers, and engage our affiliates and third-party partners and service providers located in many parts of the world to help us provide our services. Before we move data between countries we look at the risks that may be presented to the data and rely on standard contractual clauses (SCCs), where applicable, to ensure your data rights are protected. To request a copy of the SCCs, please contact us here . If data will be shared with a third party, we require them to maintain the same protections over your data that we provide directly. X is a participant in the EU-US Data Privacy Framework (DPF), the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF. X complies with the DPF Principles for all its processing of personal data received from the European Union, Switzerland and the UK, in reliance on the EU-US DPF, Swiss-US DPF and UK Extension to the EU-US DPF, respectively. If you have an inquiry or complaint related to our participation in the DPF, please contact us here . As part of our participation in the DPF, if you have a dispute with us about our adherence to the DPF Principles, we will seek to resolve it through our internal complaint resolution process, alternatively through the US-based independent dispute resolution body JAMS , and under certain conditions, through the DPF Arbitration Process following the procedures and subject to the conditions described in Annex 1 to the DPF Principles. DPF participants are subject to the investigatory and enforcement powers of the US Federal Trade Commission and other authorized statutory bodies. Under certain circumstances, participants may be liable for the transfer of personal data from the EU, Switzerland and the UK to third parties outside the EU, Switzerland and the UK. Learn more about the EU-US DPF, the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF here . 7. X's Audience Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy The most current version of this Privacy Policy governs our processing of your personal data and we may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time as needed. If we do revise this Privacy Policy and make changes that are determined by us to be material, we will provide you notice and an opportunity to review the revised Privacy Policy before you continue to use X. 9. General The X Privacy Policy is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X Privacy Policy shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X Privacy Policy. 10. How To Contact X We want to hear from you if you have thoughts or questions about this Privacy Policy. You can contact us via our Privacy Policy Inquiries page or by writing to us at the appropriate address below. Information about our handling of California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) requests is available here . Information about our handling of “Consumer Health Data” and associated requests as defined under Washington State’s My Health My Data Act and other similar state laws is available here . For Oregon residents, more information about our handling of personal information described in this Privacy Policy and associated requests and appeals under Oregon’s Consumer Privacy Act (OCPA) is available here . If you live in the United States or any other country outside of the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Corp., with an address of: X Corp. Attn: Privacy Policy Inquiry 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Internet Unlimited Company, with an address of: X Internet Unlimited Company Attn: Data Protection Officer One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 IRELAND If you live in Switzerland, you can also contact our appointed representative at the following address: X Switzerland GmbH Attn: Data Protection Officer c/o Wasag Treuhand AG Normannenstrasse 8 Postfach 783 3018 Bern, SWITZERLAND If you wish to raise a concern about our data processing practices , you have the right to do so with your local supervisory authority or X Internet Unlimited Company’s lead supervisory authority, the Irish Data Protection Commission, using the contact details listed on their website. Effective: January 15, 2026 View previous policies Take control of your privacy Adjust your settings X Privacy Policy Effective until January 15, 2026 We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. The updated Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. The current Privacy Policy is located below. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal Accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a professional account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment Information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric Information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job Applications / Recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage Information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device Information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location Information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred Identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log Information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad Partners, Developers, Publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other Third Parties, Account Connections, and Integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personaliz | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dev.to/t/healthydebate | Healthydebate - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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Right menu Your Back Is Part of Your Engineering Career Shamim Ali Shamim Ali Shamim Ali Follow Jan 12 Your Back Is Part of Your Engineering Career # healthydebate # mentalhealth Comments Add Comment 1 min read 💪 The Path to My Dream Continues: How I Finally Had the Surgery — and Why I’m Not Giving Up, Neither on My Health nor on IT Stas Gersa Stas Gersa Stas Gersa Follow Dec 22 '25 💪 The Path to My Dream Continues: How I Finally Had the Surgery — and Why I’m Not Giving Up, Neither on My Health nor on IT # healthydebate # programming # cpp # qt Comments Add Comment 5 min read A Critique & Refresh for the SXSW Community Manager Manifesto (2012) Michael Ellis Michael Ellis Michael Ellis Follow Nov 29 '25 A Critique & Refresh for the SXSW Community Manager Manifesto (2012) # healthydebate # community # contributorswanted Comments Add Comment 8 min read Beat the Cravings: Smart Habits to Control Sugar and Carbs eateriq eateriq eateriq Follow Dec 8 '25 Beat the Cravings: Smart Habits to Control Sugar and Carbs # healthydebate # eateriq # cravings Comments Add Comment 2 min read Air Quality sensor project, idea, concept, design and almost implementation Tiamon Tiamon Tiamon Follow Sep 26 '25 Air Quality sensor project, idea, concept, design and almost implementation # healthydebate # programming # design # startup 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read First Time at an STD Clinic in KL? 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Aditya Aditya Aditya Follow Feb 19 '25 The Rise of AI in Software Development: Can AI Write Code Better Than Humans? # healthydebate # ai # softwaredevelopment # beginners 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Getting Back to the Gym After Diwali: Return of the Software Developer YUVRAJ SINGH CHOUHAN YUVRAJ SINGH CHOUHAN YUVRAJ SINGH CHOUHAN Follow Nov 4 '24 Getting Back to the Gym After Diwali: Return of the Software Developer # healthydebate # developer # workplace # chatgpt Comments Add Comment 4 min read Are You a Work-From-Home Developer Struggling with Overweight or Obesity? Alok Dev Alok Dev Alok Dev Follow Nov 25 '24 Are You a Work-From-Home Developer Struggling with Overweight or Obesity? # healthydebate # webdev # mentalhealth # wfh 14 reactions Comments 3 comments 4 min read The Importance of Ergonomics for Software Engineers: A Comprehensive Guide YUVRAJ SINGH CHOUHAN YUVRAJ SINGH CHOUHAN YUVRAJ SINGH CHOUHAN Follow Sep 16 '24 The Importance of Ergonomics for Software Engineers: A Comprehensive Guide # healthydebate # softwareengineering # mentalhealth # ergonomics Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why You Should Listen to Your Body YUVRAJ SINGH CHOUHAN YUVRAJ SINGH CHOUHAN YUVRAJ SINGH CHOUHAN Follow Oct 4 '24 Why You Should Listen to Your Body # healthydebate # developer # productivity # webdev 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Securing Protected Health Information (PHI) on AWS Sidra Saleem Sidra Saleem Sidra Saleem Follow for SUDO Consultants Aug 26 '24 Securing Protected Health Information (PHI) on AWS # healthydebate # aws # healthtech Comments Add Comment 16 min read What I learned after burnout Leonardo Venturini Leonardo Venturini Leonardo Venturini Follow Jun 5 '24 What I learned after burnout # healthydebate # burnout # webdev # productivity 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals: Revolutionizing Patient Care with Technology Mike Tyson of the Cloud Mike Tyson of the Cloud Mike Tyson of the Cloud Follow for Brainboard May 25 '24 Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals: Revolutionizing Patient Care with Technology # healthydebate # development # iot # infrastructureascode Comments 2 comments 2 min read 🇫🇷 Peter Thiel: Les monopoles sont bons pour la société Jean-Michel 🕵🏻♂️ Fayard Jean-Michel 🕵🏻♂️ Fayard Jean-Michel 🕵🏻♂️ Fayard Follow Apr 1 '24 🇫🇷 Peter Thiel: Les monopoles sont bons pour la société # healthydebate # french # facebook # linkedin 12 reactions Comments 2 comments 10 min read 🇫🇷 Programmer, c'est plutôt un métier de femmes à la base Jean-Michel 🕵🏻♂️ Fayard Jean-Michel 🕵🏻♂️ Fayard Jean-Michel 🕵🏻♂️ Fayard Follow Mar 22 '24 🇫🇷 Programmer, c'est plutôt un métier de femmes à la base # healthydebate # french # career # wecoded 9 reactions Comments 6 comments 9 min read 🇫🇷 4 prises de judo contre le mansplaining Jean-Michel 🕵🏻♂️ Fayard Jean-Michel 🕵🏻♂️ Fayard Jean-Michel 🕵🏻♂️ Fayard Follow Mar 18 '24 🇫🇷 4 prises de judo contre le mansplaining # healthydebate # wecoded # career 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read What are the best and worst things about your favorite programming language? 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A Critique & Refresh for the SXSW Community Manager Manifesto (2012) Beat the Cravings: Smart Habits to Control Sugar and Carbs 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dev.to/podcast-on-api-design-and-development-strategies | API Intersection - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close View all podcasts API Intersection Follow Latest episodes API Consistency, Transformation, & Culture at Humana feat. Bryan Thomas & Puneet Kumar API Intersection, Jan 4 '24 Let's Talk Foundations: APIs, IDEs, & SDKs feat. Sid Maestre, VP Developer Relations at APIMatic API Intersection, Dec 14 '23 API Automation and Preventing Breaking Changes feat. Aidan Cunniffe, CEO at Optic API Intersection, Nov 30 '23 Fintech, Open Banking, & Security feat. Clyde Cutting at Truist API Intersection, Nov 16 '23 Down the API Authentication Rabbit Hole feat. Dan Moore at FusionAuth API Intersection, Nov 2 '23 Simon Alen: API Lead, Evangelist, & Integration Consultant at Solita API Intersection, Oct 19 '23 Stoplight acquisition & the future of APIs feat. Frank Kilcommins, SmartBear API Intersection, Oct 5 '23 Essential Pillars to Ensure API Security feat. Dan Barahona, Founder of APIsec University and Head of Growth at APIsec API Intersection, Sep 21 '23 API Intersection feat. Mehdi Medjaoui, Author, Lecturer, & Founder at ALIAS.dev and APIdays API Intersection, Sep 7 '23 feat. Mark Boyd, Platformable API Intersection, Aug 23 '23 The API Security Hype: Debunking What's Truly Relevant feat. Wib's Chuck Herrin API Intersection, Aug 9 '23 Simplifying Video Streaming with APIs feat. Varun Singh CPTO at Daily.co API Intersection, Jul 26 '23 Your API Programs: How to Navigate & Transform Them feat. Mike Amundsen from Amundsen.com API Intersection, Jul 13 '23 Tips for Fluency in the Language of API Design feat. David Biesack from Apiture API Intersection, Jun 28 '23 What Challenges Do We Face When Integrating & Standardizing APIs? feat. Chris Turner from Segovia Technology API Intersection, Jun 14 '23 Successful Developer Relations Programs & Best Practices feat. Ash Ryan Arnwine from Nylas API Intersection, May 31 '23 4 Keys to Success for API-Driven Transformations feat. Shane Hastie, Global Delivery Lead at SoftEd and lead editor at Infoq API Intersection, May 17 '23 3 Approaches to Apply to Your Business's API Program feat. Discover's George Mitry API Intersection, May 4 '23 feat. Brian Otten from Axway API Intersection, Apr 19 '23 API-First & Automation Testing feat. Alex Chernyak of ZAPTEST API Intersection, Apr 5 '23 API Development Tips from the Queen of APIOps Cycles feat. Marjukka Niinioja of Osango API Intersection, Mar 15 '23 Platform thinking: API products, tooling and metrics feat. Daniel Kocot of codecentric AG API Intersection, Mar 1 '23 feat. David O'Neill of APImetrics API Intersection, Feb 15 '23 Usage-Based or Subscription-Based Billing for your APIs? feat. Behailu Tekletsadik of Archetype API Intersection, Feb 1 '23 How to Best Support Your API Ecosystem feat. Andrei Soroker of Fogbender API Intersection, Jan 18 '23 API Aggregator Challenges in the FinTech & Ecommerce World feat. Eric Yu of Rutter API Intersection, Jan 4 '23 4 Ways to Improve Your Enterprise API Strategy feat. the CarMax API Team API Intersection, Dec 15 '22 Flavor & Familiarity: the 2 Sides of Style Guides & Company-Wide Process feat. Wesley Beary of Salesforce API Intersection, Nov 10 '22 4 Transformation Tips For Technology Leaders feat. Sachin Castelino, CSTO at In-Solutions Global Ltd API Intersection, Oct 26 '22 Your API Transformational Change Isn’t Technical, It’s Cultural feat. Barb MacLean API Intersection, Oct 12 '22 1 2 3 Next › Last » Browse 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dev.to/ghostinit0x | Ghostinit0x - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Ghostinit0x Não vendo liberdade. Te ensino a sumir. Cripto é munição. Código é fuga. GhostInit0x transmite ruído — só os acordados entendem. Location Somewhere in time Joined Joined on May 25, 2025 Personal website https://ghostinit.dev/ More info about @ghostinit0x Post 17 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 40 tags followed Kanban vs Scrum: Why Flow Beats Theater for Real Delivery Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Follow Jan 10 Kanban vs Scrum: Why Flow Beats Theater for Real Delivery # discuss # scrum # programming # productivity 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Death of Architectural Design in Agile Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Follow Jan 10 The Death of Architectural Design in Agile # discuss # architecture # agile 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read The Burnout Industrial Complex: How Companies Profit From Your Exhaustion Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Follow Jan 10 The Burnout Industrial Complex: How Companies Profit From Your Exhaustion # discuss # productivity # agile # scrum 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 4 min read Why Agile Estimation Is Theater (And What To Do Instead) Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Follow Jan 9 Why Agile Estimation Is Theater (And What To Do Instead) # discuss # agile # scrum # productivity 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read The False Promise of Agile Over Waterfall Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Follow Jan 2 The False Promise of Agile Over Waterfall # discuss # agile 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read The standup isn’t 15 minutes. Here’s the math. Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Follow Dec 29 '25 The standup isn’t 15 minutes. Here’s the math. # discuss # productivity # agile # scrum Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Standup Tax: Why Your Daily Meeting Is a Hidden Financial Liability Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Follow Dec 28 '25 The Standup Tax: Why Your Daily Meeting Is a Hidden Financial Liability # discuss # agile # scrum # productivity Comments Add Comment 4 min read The Empty Promise of Agile Simplicity Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Follow Dec 27 '25 The Empty Promise of Agile Simplicity # discuss # agile # programming # scrum Comments Add Comment 3 min read Manifesto Anti Ágil Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Follow Oct 11 '25 Manifesto Anti Ágil # programming # agile # careerdevelopment # mentalhealth Comments Add Comment 1 min read Certificações Ágeis vs Comportamento: O Multiplicador Invisível Que Define Seu Valor Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Follow Oct 11 '25 Certificações Ágeis vs Comportamento: O Multiplicador Invisível Que Define Seu Valor # programming # agile # career # mentalhealth Comments Add Comment 2 min read O Agile morreu de tanta agilidade! Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Follow Jun 20 '25 O Agile morreu de tanta agilidade! # agile # programming # burnout Comments Add Comment 1 min read DnS: A Vulnerabilidade de 2 Trilhões de Downloads Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Follow Jun 9 '25 DnS: A Vulnerabilidade de 2 Trilhões de Downloads Comments Add Comment 4 min read Como o Desenvolvimento de Software se Tornou um Teatro Corporativo Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Follow Jun 1 '25 Como o Desenvolvimento de Software se Tornou um Teatro Corporativo # agile # softwareengineering # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 4 min read A Web Centralizada Está Morrendo! Descubra o IPFS Antes Que Apaguem Você Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Follow May 27 '25 A Web Centralizada Está Morrendo! Descubra o IPFS Antes Que Apaguem Você Comments Add Comment 1 min read Como o Agile Mata a Paixão do Programador Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Follow May 27 '25 Como o Agile Mata a Paixão do Programador # agile # career # burnout # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Eles não constroem, não codam, não entendem o produto... Mas decidem tudo Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Follow May 25 '25 Eles não constroem, não codam, não entendem o produto... Mas decidem tudo # discuss # career # leadership # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read Você acha que venceu, mas é só um rato mais rápido Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Ghostinit0x Follow May 25 '25 Você acha que venceu, mas é só um rato mais rápido Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # project Follow Hide Create Post Older #project posts 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu How to create a project in Android Studio Chetan Chetan Chetan Follow Apr 17 '21 How to create a project in Android Studio # android # project # app 4 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read My FLOSS Project is Launched! Come and Help! Abel Lifaefi Mbula Abel Lifaefi Mbula Abel Lifaefi Mbula Follow for Kali Academy Apr 15 '21 My FLOSS Project is Launched! Come and Help! # project # opensource # php 3 reactions Comments 2 comments 1 min read Minor and major project ideas for b.tech cse students. Nausher Ali Nausher Ali Nausher Ali Follow Apr 1 '21 Minor and major project ideas for b.tech cse students. # beginners # project # advance # projectideas 18 reactions Comments 4 comments 2 min read Long - An esoteric language Pranav Baburaj Pranav Baburaj Pranav Baburaj Follow Mar 29 '21 Long - An esoteric language # language # project # esoteric 8 reactions Comments 7 comments 2 min read Nepali News (ekantipur) Scrapping Using BeautifulSoup and Python. Durga Pokharel Durga Pokharel Durga Pokharel Follow Mar 29 '21 Nepali News (ekantipur) Scrapping Using BeautifulSoup and Python. # python # datascience # scrap # project 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 17 min read Phase 2 Nathan A. Hains Nathan A. Hains Nathan A. 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Serhii Kucherenko Serhii Kucherenko Serhii Kucherenko Follow Feb 2 '21 How to update multiple git repositories for 1 project? # git # github # project # repository 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Inspiraciones Joaquin "Florius" Azcarate Joaquin "Florius" Azcarate Joaquin "Florius" Azcarate Follow Jan 31 '21 Inspiraciones # help # productivity # personal # project 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read A 2021 guide about structuring your Next.js project in a flexible and efficient way Vadorequest Vadorequest Vadorequest Follow Jan 21 '21 A 2021 guide about structuring your Next.js project in a flexible and efficient way # nextjs # project # react 207 reactions Comments 12 comments 4 min read Is JavaScript Hard to Learn? Ayobami Ogundiran Ayobami Ogundiran Ayobami Ogundiran Follow Jan 25 '21 Is JavaScript Hard to Learn? # javascript # beginners # project # programming 30 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read Project Management Tools csgeek csgeek csgeek Follow Jan 19 '21 Project Management Tools # management # project # software # productivity 4 reactions Comments 6 comments 2 min read How to Come Up With New and Better Project Ideas Thomas De Moor Thomas De Moor Thomas De Moor Follow for X-Team Feb 2 '21 How to Come Up With New and Better Project Ideas # growth # project # motivation # productivity 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read I made a recommendation system for Stack Overflow unanswered questions MiguelMJ MiguelMJ MiguelMJ Follow Jan 15 '21 I made a recommendation system for Stack Overflow unanswered questions # showdev # python # project 10 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read How to Finish What You Start With These 4 Tips Thomas De Moor Thomas De Moor Thomas De Moor Follow for X-Team Jan 12 '21 How to Finish What You Start With These 4 Tips # growth # project # career # productivity 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Five challenges for remote project managers Yassine Tounsi Yassine Tounsi Yassine Tounsi Follow for Foretheta Dec 17 '20 Five challenges for remote project managers # remote # project # manager # management 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read First website Launched. 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Report Abuse Ntombizakhona Mabaso for AWS Community Builders Posted on Jan 9 My Cloud Practitioner Certification Journey and the Resources to Certify with Confidence # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Exam Guide: Cloud Practitioner (22 Part Series) 1 Cloud Practitioner Exam Guide 2 Define the Benefits of the AWS Cloud ... 18 more parts... 3 Identify Design Principles of the AWS Cloud 4 Understand the Benefits of and Strategies for Migration to the AWS Cloud 5 Understand Concepts of Cloud Economics 6 Understand the AWS Shared Responsibility Model 7 Understand AWS Cloud Security, Governance, and Compliance Concepts 8 Identify AWS Access Management Capabilities 9 Identify Components and Resources for Security 10 Define Methods of Deploying and Operating in the AWS Cloud 11 Define the AWS Global Infrastructure 12 Identify AWS Compute Services 13 Identify AWS Database Services 14 Identify AWS Network Services 15 Identify AWS Storage Services 16 Identify AWS Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) Services And Analytics Services 17 Identify Services From Other In-Scope AWS Service Categories 18 Compare AWS Pricing Models 19 Understand Resources For Billing, Budget, and Cost Management 20 Identify AWS Technical Resources And AWS Support Options 21 Technologies and Concepts: Cloud Practitioner (CLF-C02) 22 My Cloud Practitioner Certification Journey and the Resources to Certify with Confidence ☁️ Exam Guide : Cloud Practitioner Resources to Certify With Confidence 📘 My Cloud Practitioner Certification Journey 🧠 Don't Be Scared to Fail In Fact, Fail as Soon as Possible Most people are scared to take exams, particularly AWS Exams, because they're scared of failure. Well, failure isn't the opposite of progress, it's often the fastest path toward it. When you shift your mindset and embrace the possibility of stumbling early, you create space for rapid learning, quick corrections, and accelerated growth. Many people delay booking the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner Exam because they're paralyzed by the fear of not passing on the first try. I completely understand that hesitation, it's a natural response to stepping outside your comfort zone. But...the longer you wait, trapped in the cycle of almost ready, the longer you stay stuck between ambition and action. A mindset shift that fundamentally changed my approach was this: if something's going to fail, let it fail early. Why? Because early failure means early learning, early adjustment, and faster forward momentum. The worst outcome isn't a failed exam, it's delaying your progress indefinitely because you're waiting for some mythical moment of perfect readiness that never actually arrives. 🚀 How It All Started About five years ago, I earned my first AWS certification. Looking back now, it feels surreal how quickly time has passed and how much that single decision shaped the trajectory of my career and my relationship with technology. At the time, I was deep in the trenches of university life, balancing lectures, assignments, exams, and deadlines while simultaneously building websites on the side to earn some extra income and gain real-world experience. While working on these projects, I started noticing that tools, platforms, and services I relied on, things I thought were independent and permanent, kept getting acquired by AWS, left, right, and center. That curiosity pulled me in like gravity. At first, my engagement with AWS was casual, quick glances at service descriptions during study breaks, skimming blog posts while waiting for code to compile, watching a YouTube video here and there. But AWS kept creeping back into my thoughts like that song you can't stop humming, the one that plays on repeat in the back of your mind no matter what else you're doing. Eventually, I made a decision: after my final university exam, I would go all in and take AWS seriously. 🗓️ Two Weeks, One Goal It was 1 December 2020 . My final university exams were behind me, and while I was waiting for my results to be finalized (which, by the way, took a full six months—imagine the suspense!), I decided it was time to act on that promise I'd made to myself. I gave myself a tight, focused timeline: two weeks to prepare for the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner exam. I booked the exam immediately. Why? Because booking created accountability. Once the exam date was locked in, procrastination was no longer an option. I had a deadline, and deadlines work wonders for focus. During those two weeks, I concentrated heavily on one core resource: AWS Whitepaper: "Overview of Amazon Web Services" (This became my foundation because it was clear, concise, and aligned with the exam's conceptual focus.) I read it thoroughly, took notes, cross-referenced unfamiliar terms, and made sure I understood the why behind AWS services, not just the what. On 14 December 2020 , I walked into that exam with a mix of nerves and determination: and I passed! Ntombizakhona Mabaso — AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner That first certification felt like unlocking a door I didn't even know was closed. AWS went from being interesting to I want to understand absolutely everything about this. That moment of passing was proof that I could learn, adapt, and succeed in a domain that had seemed intimidating just weeks earlier. And from that day forward, AWS became more than a curiosity—it became an obsession in the best possible way. 💥 Overcoming the Fear of Failure Fear is a natural, human response to the unknown. But fear, if left unchecked, has a sneaky way of transforming into procrastination, self-doubt, and inaction. I've seen it happen to countless people, talented, capable individuals who never take the exam because they're waiting to feel "100% ready," a state that, frankly, rarely exists. What helped me most was shifting my focus from fear to curiosity : Curiosity pushes you to explore, ask questions, and seek understanding. Fear pushes you to delay, overthink, and stay in your comfort zone. Consistent curiosity, even imperfect action, beats "perfect readiness" every single time. 🔁 Failing Forward Building a Culture of Learning You've probably heard phrases like: "fail fast" "fail forward" "celebrate failure" These aren't just corporate buzzwords or motivational slogans, they represent a genuine philosophy about how learning works in the real world. What they really mean is this: Something went wrong. We identified the mistake. We learned something meaningful from it. We adjusted our approach. And we improved—without causing lasting damage or wasted effort. Speed matters. "Fail fast" is about reducing wasted time, money, and energy by discovering what doesn't work as quickly as possible. In the context of AWS certifications, "failure" (if it happens) is simply feedback, a signal that tells you which topics need more attention, which concepts need deeper exploration, and which areas of the exam blueprint you haven't fully absorbed yet. The faster you receive that feedback, the faster you can course-correct. That's why booking the exam early, even if you feel "not quite ready," can be such a powerful strategy. It turns abstract preparation into concrete, time-bound action. 🧰 So Many Resources, So Little Excuse to Delay When I started my certification journey five years ago, my resources were limited. I relied heavily on that single AWS whitepaper, free AWS Training resources, some YouTube tutorials, and whatever blog posts I could find through Google searches. It was enough to pass, but it required a lot of self-direction, patience, and guesswork. Now? The landscape has transformed completely. The sheer volume and quality of resources available today is staggering: Interactive Learning Paths with guided progression Gamified Labs that let you learn by doing High-Quality Practice Exams that mirror the real test experience Structured Third-Party Courses led by experienced instructors Community Forums where you can ask questions and get answers from people who've been exactly where you are With a decent study plan and consistent daily effort, you can prepare for the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner exam in 50 days or less —and often much faster if you dedicate focused time each day. And here's something critical to remember: certifications aren't just badges you add to your LinkedIn profile to impress recruiters (though that's certainly a nice bonus). They build: Confidence in your ability to understand and articulate cloud concepts Vocabulary and Clarity that let you speak the language of cloud professionals Real Career Leverage , especially if you're aiming for cloud-focused roles, solutions architecture, DevOps, or technical sales AWS certifications, in particular, are recognized globally as a benchmark for Cloud Expertise. They signal to employers, clients, and peers that you've invested time and effort into understanding one of the most important technology platforms in the world. ✅ What the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner Proves The AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner is a foundational certification that validates your high-level understanding of: AWS Cloud Concepts and the value proposition of cloud computing Common AWS Services and their real-world use cases Basic Security Principles and the AWS shared responsibility model Billing, Pricing, and Cost Management fundamentals Core Terminology used across AWS documentation, whitepapers, and technical discussions It's an excellent starting point whether you're: New to IT or Cloud and looking for a structured way to enter the field Switching Careers from a non-technical background into cloud roles Building Cloud Literacy for a business, sales, or project management role where understanding cloud fundamentals is increasingly essential 🧭 Top Resources Below is a practical, step-by-step progression designed to take you from foundational knowledge all the way through to exam readiness. This isn't a rigid formula—adjust based on your learning style, available time, and prior experience, but it's a proven path that works. 1. AWS Skill Builder: Cloud Essentials + Technical Essentials Start here for the structured, official foundation. These courses are created by AWS and aligned directly with the exam blueprint. Cloud Essentials covers the high-level cloud value proposition, the shared responsibility model, basic security concepts, and cost fundamentals. Technical Essentials goes deeper into compute, storage, networking, databases, and how these services fit together in real-world architectures. 2. AWS Cloud Quest: Cloud Practitioner Cloud Quest is a game-based learning experience where you complete hands-on assignments in a live AWS environment. It's designed to make concepts "stick" through practical application, repetition, and scenario-based challenges. This is where theory meets practice. 3. Third-Party Courses Neal Davis on Udemy & The QA Platform ( formerly known as Cloudacademy ) These courses complement AWS's official content with: Clearer explanations of complex topics Exam strategy and common traps Hundreds of practice questions with detailed explanations Structured modules mapped directly to the CLF-C02 exam domains (Cloud Concepts, Security & Compliance, Cloud Technology & Services, Billing & Pricing) If you're reading this in real time: **09 Janaury 2025 (12:00PM SAST _(UTC/GMT +2) )**. Then, the 2026 AWS Community Builders Application is open, and QA Platform, is actually one of the benefits of being in the program, then you can study and do as many labs as you want!_ 4. Gamified Revision Tools SimuLearn / Escape Room / Card Clash Use these after completing each major topic (e.g., networking, security, cost management) to reinforce weak areas. These tools are designed for active recall—short, intense sessions where you answer scenario-based questions under light pressure. They help your brain link abstract concepts like VPC, IAM, or Cost Explorer to concrete exam-style situations. I love Simulearn because of the Hands on Learning! I love Escape Room because of Cloudia. I love Card Clash because Miss Gorilla teaches me about securing my environment! You should totally consider AWS Gamified Learning resources. 5. AWS Whitepaper: "Overview of Amazon Web Services" My favourite Whitepaper! Honestly, if you study this Whitepaper and absolutely consume it like I did, you should be ready to pass the exam. You should read it on your phone, iPad, laptop, go buy some pens and notebooks, and write it out in your own words! I love this Whitepaper. The Overview of Amazon Web Services Whitepaper explains core services, global infrastructure, security, and pricing models in clear language that aligns closely with how exam questions are phrased. Read it thoroughly, skim it for review, or use it as a reference when you encounter unfamiliar terms. 6. Official Practice Question Set + Pretest Treat the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner Official Practice Pretest and any pretest you take as your final checkpoint. Aim for consistent scores of 95% or higher before booking your exam (or before sitting for it if you've already booked). Review every wrong answer carefully. Read the explanations. Identify which domain (Cloud Concepts, Security, Technology, Billing) is causing you trouble, and go back to targeted resources to fill those gaps. 7. If Recertifying: Cloud Quest: Recertify Cloud Practitioner If your AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner credential is expiring within six months, you may be eligible to renew it via AWS Cloud Quest: Recertify Cloud Practitioner , a free, game-based path that extends your certification for three more years without requiring you to retake the exam. Availability and eligibility can vary, so confirm the details on the official AWS certification site! 📚 Quick Breakdown of the Key Tools 1) Cloud Quest (Including Recertify) Cloud Quest is an open-world, role-playing game where you complete approximately 12 real-life scenario assignments using a live AWS account (accessed through Skill Builder labs). It's hands-on, immersive, and helps you understand how AWS services work together in practical contexts. 2) Skill Builder Learning Paths Cloud Essentials: Introduces cloud value, the shared responsibility model, security basics, and pricing concepts in plain, accessible language. Technical Essentials: Deepens your understanding of compute (EC2), storage (S3, EBS), networking (VPC), databases (RDS, DynamoDB), and how they integrate into cohesive architectures. 3) Third-Party Courses These courses are especially helpful for: Mapping content directly to the CLF-C02 exam blueprint Learning exam-taking strategies (how to eliminate wrong answers, recognize traps, manage time) Practicing with hundreds of additional questions beyond what AWS provides officially 4) Gamified Practice Use these tools as active recall exercises. They're designed for short, high-intensity sessions where you answer scenario-based questions under light time pressure. They help solidify memory and build speed which is critical for exam day. 5) Whitepaper + Official Practice The "Overview of Amazon Web Services" whitepaper is written in language that mirrors exam questions. The official practice question set is your litmus test: review every wrong answer, understand why you missed it, and track which domain (Concepts, Security, Technology, Billing) needs more focused study. 🏁 Concluding Remarks If you're thinking about pursuing the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner certification, I have one piece of advice for you: stop waiting for the "perfect time." There's no perfect moment. There's no magical state of absolute readiness. There's only action, and the learning that comes from taking that action. Book the exam. Build momentum. Learn as you go. Even if you stumble, you're still moving forward. Every attempt, whether it results in a pass or a learning experience disguised as a "fail," builds: Experience navigating AWS concepts and terminology Confidence in your ability to understand complex systems Real cloud understanding that translates directly into workplace value Certifications open doors. They validate your knowledge to employers, clients, and colleagues. They give you the vocabulary to participate in technical discussions with credibility. And most importantly, they prove to yourself that you're capable of growth, learning, and achievement. So take that first step. Invest in yourself. And go get certified. Reminder: Always refer to the official AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner exam guide for the most up-to-date list of in-scope and out-of-scope services, exam objectives, and domain weightings. 👇 AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner (CLF-C02) Exam Guide Exam Guide: Cloud Practitioner (22 Part Series) 1 Cloud Practitioner Exam Guide 2 Define the Benefits of the AWS Cloud ... 18 more parts... 3 Identify Design Principles of the AWS Cloud 4 Understand the Benefits of and Strategies for Migration to the AWS Cloud 5 Understand Concepts of Cloud Economics 6 Understand the AWS Shared Responsibility Model 7 Understand AWS Cloud Security, Governance, and Compliance Concepts 8 Identify AWS Access Management Capabilities 9 Identify Components and Resources for Security 10 Define Methods of Deploying and Operating in the AWS Cloud 11 Define the AWS Global Infrastructure 12 Identify AWS Compute Services 13 Identify AWS Database Services 14 Identify AWS Network Services 15 Identify AWS Storage Services 16 Identify AWS Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) Services And Analytics Services 17 Identify Services From Other In-Scope AWS Service Categories 18 Compare AWS Pricing Models 19 Understand Resources For Billing, Budget, and Cost Management 20 Identify AWS Technical Resources And AWS Support Options 21 Technologies and Concepts: Cloud Practitioner (CLF-C02) 22 My Cloud Practitioner Certification Journey and the Resources to Certify with Confidence Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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https://dev.to/mwolfhoffman/supabase-vs-firebase-pricing-and-when-to-use-which-5hhp#comment-2e65p | Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Michael Wolf Hoffman Posted on Jan 22, 2022 Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which # sql # webdev # firebase # database Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which Supabase recently appeared on the scene as an attempt to be an open source alternative to Firebase. It's a great product and I've used it in many projects already. I've written about it here and here . The main difference between Supabase vs Firebase is that Supabase is a SQL database that utilized postgres and Firebase uses a NoSQL document data store. On my current side project I recently replaced Supabase for Firebase. I'll get into why and some of the pricing differences to consider. Consideration for Supabase vs Firebase Firebase has more features, for now For one, Firebase has been around much longer than Supabase and thus has more features. You can host your app on Firebase, you can also write cloud functions. (Currently I believe Supabase has cloud functions in beta). Both have great options for objects storage, authentication, and most things you will need as a backend as a service product. Also, while Supabase is not yet a perfect 1:1 mapping of Firebase, they do seem to be very quickly puting out new features to more closely match Firebase's offerings. SQL vs NoSQL This is a big one that I've been considering more. I enjoy relational data and my brain allows me to think about the relationships that SQL allows better than NoSQL document or key/value stores. I've been doing more of a deep dive into NoSQL and learning about how to structure data with it lately. With my research, I have decided that for small side projects and MVPs, I will be going with Firebase over Supabase if I truly don't need my data to be relational. NoSQL (firebase) can often be structured in a way that is more efficient than SQL. There are drawbacks however. Because you can't write complex queries and joins, you do have to consider how you might want to query your data in the future. This can be a difficult task. Once you have correctly anticipated the queries your application will need in the future, you actually duplicate that data into another document or collection in the NoSQL data store. Of course, now you have multiple places to update data too! This sounds like a headache, but with some practice it's actually pretty easy to catch on fast. After learning some more about how to structure documents in a NoSQL datastore, this performance and scalability is why I have decided that I will typically use Firebase over Supabase. The other reason is price. Pricing Another consideration for the Supabase vs Firebase debate is pricing. Both services offer a generous free tier. But what makes pricing considerations difficult is that scalability always has to be kept in mind. First, let's go over what each service offers for free in terms of a database and authentication (the two most used services by each) per month. Supabase: You get 3 free projects. You get 500 MB of storage. You get 10,000 users through their authentication service. Firebase: You get unlimited free projects. You get 1 GB of storage. You get 10,000 users through their authentication service. Firebase does charge for ingress and egress too. So you get 20,000 free writes per day and 50,000 free reads per day. Which to choose Ultimately, when I think about how my projects are going to scale (if they ever needed to) and what I am going to use them for, often NoSQL is just fine for my use cases and I get a better deal with Firebase. This is because my projects don't often scale to over 20,000 writes per day or 50,000 reads per day. And even if they do, the price is comparable with Supabase's next tier. This decision allows me to save my limited supabase free projects for when I really need a relational database. Top comments (6) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Rashim Narayan Tiku Rashim Narayan Tiku Rashim Narayan Tiku Follow Joined Jan 21, 2023 • Apr 4 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You haven't added the biggest price factor for Supabase which is "Bandwidth" and "DB scalability". "Bandwidth": You won't run out of MAUs or DB storage, but you would easily cross the 5gb bandwidth mark, after which 25$ plan is your only option. "DB scalability": Free tier gives you micro DB which has very less concurrent connections allowed, scaling it again will cost you paid plan + extra compute costs. Supabase have very smartly advertised to bring in customers, but you realize after you get in that "there's no such thing as a free lunch". Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand shaoyanji shaoyanji shaoyanji Follow Joined Mar 19, 2024 • Apr 21 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide pssssst....pocketbase Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nicolò Curioni Nicolò Curioni Nicolò Curioni Follow I’m an Italian iOS developer. Education Tradate (VA), Italy Work Full time iOS developer Joined Apr 14, 2022 • Apr 14 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, interesting post, but I have a question, I’m developing a diary app, for iOS/iPadOS and also macOS/watchOS, but I’m uncertain if use Firebase or Supabase. My app let the end user’s to edit the note content, with textView text styles, like different colors, fonts, formats and also add images inside the text, but, can I use Firebase or Supabase? Have you some advice’s? Thanks, Nicolò Curioni iOS Developer Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Matthew Harris Matthew Harris Matthew Harris Follow Aspiring Ionic app developer Location Digital Nomad Work Developer at Self Employed Joined Jul 9, 2019 • Sep 3 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes you can store both easily. There is a limitation with the nosql firebase that each record can be a maximum of 1mb (I think thats the limit). That is a ton of text to allow per note but its worth considering. You can also split a document over multiple records with a bit of creative coding, if you do need to go beyond those extreme limits. If you want to learn more about strategies for nosql I would recommend looking up Fireship on YouTube who has some good videos. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand neonitus neonitus neonitus Follow Joined Aug 20, 2023 • Aug 20 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, Thanks for the post. I however have a question about authentication. If my app uses social authentication, firebase offers only 50k MAU while the pro plan for Supabase offers 100K MAUs. Would you then prefer to use Supabase Auth and Firestore DB? How would you approach this problem where you are going to have a lot of users using the app(+100,000 per month) and you want the power of RDBMS because you want to build an analytical platform for your app and app transactions? Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand codingjlu codingjlu codingjlu Follow Joined Jun 15, 2021 • May 29 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for the great article! I was searching this on Google because I wanted to see the pricing comparison, and you've covered that just well. Thanks again! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Location Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Work Software Engineer Joined Apr 30, 2020 More from Michael Wolf Hoffman Where to Publish Plugins, Add-ons, and Extensions for Software Engineers and Entrepreneurs # webdev # startup # saas # career How to Use React + Supabase Pt 2: Working with the Database # react # webdev # javascript # programming How To Use React + Supabase Pt 1: Setting Up a Project and Supabase Authentication # react # webdev # javascript # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Vaarun Sinha Vaarun Sinha Vaarun Sinha Follow Nov 18 '21 How to make a password generator with python. # python # beginners # project # security 8 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read The Ultimate Battleship - A Python Terminal Game Sonja Sonja Sonja Follow Nov 1 '21 The Ultimate Battleship - A Python Terminal Game # python # beginners # project # codecademy 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Skip to content ▼ Close Python PSF Docs PyPI Jobs Community ▲ The Python Network Donate ≡ Menu Search This Site GO A A Smaller Larger Reset Socialize LinkedIn Mastodon Chat on IRC Twitter About Applications Quotes Getting Started Help Python Brochure Downloads All releases Source code Windows macOS Android Other Platforms License Alternative Implementations Documentation Docs Audio/Visual Talks Beginner's Guide FAQ Non-English Docs PEP Index Python Books Python Essays Community Diversity Mailing Lists IRC Forums PSF Annual Impact Report Python Conferences Special Interest Groups Python Logo Python Wiki Code of Conduct Community Awards Get Involved Shared Stories Success Stories Arts Business Education Engineering Government Scientific Software Development News Python News PSF Newsletter PSF News PyCon US News News from the Community Events Python Events User Group Events Python Events Archive User Group Events Archive Submit an Event >_ Launch Interactive Shell # Python 3: Fibonacci series up to n >>> def fib(n): >>> a, b = 0, 1 >>> while a < n: >>> print(a, end=' ') >>> a, b = b, a+b >>> print() >>> fib(1000) 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 Functions Defined The core of extensible programming is defining functions. Python allows mandatory and optional arguments, keyword arguments, and even arbitrary argument lists. More about defining functions in Python 3 # Python 3: List comprehensions >>> fruits = ['Banana', 'Apple', 'Lime'] >>> loud_fruits = [fruit.upper() for fruit in fruits] >>> print(loud_fruits) ['BANANA', 'APPLE', 'LIME'] # List and the enumerate function >>> list(enumerate(fruits)) [(0, 'Banana'), (1, 'Apple'), (2, 'Lime')] Compound Data Types Lists (known as arrays in other languages) are one of the compound data types that Python understands. Lists can be indexed, sliced and manipulated with other built-in functions. More about lists in Python 3 # Python 3: Simple arithmetic >>> 1 / 2 0.5 >>> 2 ** 3 8 >>> 17 / 3 # classic division returns a float 5.666666666666667 >>> 17 // 3 # floor division 5 Intuitive Interpretation Calculations are simple with Python, and expression syntax is straightforward: the operators + , - , * and / work as expected; parentheses () can be used for grouping. More about simple math functions in Python 3 . # For loop on a list >>> numbers = [2, 4, 6, 8] >>> product = 1 >>> for number in numbers: ... product = product * number ... >>> print('The product is:', product) The product is: 384 All the Flow You’d Expect Python knows the usual control flow statements that other languages speak — if , for , while and range — with some of its own twists, of course. More control flow tools in Python 3 # Simple output (with Unicode) >>> print("Hello, I'm Python!") Hello, I'm Python! # Input, assignment >>> name = input('What is your name?\n') What is your name? Python >>> print(f'Hi, {name}.') Hi, Python. Quick & Easy to Learn Experienced programmers in any other language can pick up Python very quickly, and beginners find the clean syntax and indentation structure easy to learn. Whet your appetite with our Python 3 overview. Python is a programming language that lets you work quickly and integrate systems more effectively. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Gabor Szabo for Code Maven Posted on Jan 12, 2023 Welcome to Code-Maven # news I have been publishing on the Code Maven web site for several year and on DEV for some time. I just created the Code Maven organization here to experiment with this feature. Welcome to my first post! Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow I'm a friendly, non-dev, cisgender guy from NC who enjoys playing music/making noise, hiking, eating veggies, and hanging out with my best friend/wife + our 3 kitties + 1 greyhound. Email mct3545@gmail.com Location North Carolina Education BFA in Creative Writing Pronouns he/him Work Senior Community Manager at DEV Joined Oct 24, 2017 • Jan 13 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Very nice! I'm eager to hear your take on our org features. I know we're looking to make some changes here very soon, so don't hold back on dropping any feature requests. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Code Maven Follow Find out more about our Open Source Development Course to learn how to use Git/GitHub/Testing/CI/Markdown Get more info Trending on DEV Community Hot I Built an AI-Powered Trend Analysis Tool Using the Virlo API (Here's How It Works) # python # ai # api # news How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://www.highlight.io/blog/new-connect-flow | Building Highlight’s new 'Connect' flow Pricing Customers Blog Careers Docs Building Highlight’s new 'Connect' flow Sign up Back Aug 9, 2022 • 8 min. read How we Animate Product Updates at Highlight Engineering Frontend Jul 20, 2023 • 6 min. read Finding Interesting Sessions with Markov Chains Product Updates Feb 9, 2023 • 8 min. read The 5 Best Logging Libraries for Ruby Engineering Jan 30, 2025 • 18 min read Building Highlight’s new 'Connect' flow Company Product Updates Julian Schneider Lead Designer @ Highlight Highlight.io is an open source monitoring platform. If you’re interested in learning more, get started at highlight.io . At Highlight, we’re always looking for ways to simplify the developer experience. Our onboarding flow is a critical part of that journey, and for a long time, it revolved around product-specific tutorials . Users had to integrate one product at a time—Session Replay, then Logs, then Traces—despite the fact that our integration guides for most languages already enabled multiple products at once. This extra step wasn’t organic and often led to users missing out on the full breadth of Highlight’s observability tools. And we started hearing consistent feedback: many customers only got through Session Replay and never discovered the rest of Highlight’s observability stack. The additional onboarding steps were creating friction, and users weren’t seeing the full power of our platform right away. Rethinking the Onboarding Flow We knew we needed a more seamless experience. Instead of guiding users through individual product tutorials , we decided to make the onboarding flow language-specific . Now, developers can integrate their language of choice —JavaScript, Python, Go, etc.—and automatically start receiving logs, traces, and metrics without extra setup steps. This shift means all relevant observability data starts flowing in immediately. How It Works The first step is navigating to app.highlight.io/connect and choosing your preferred language/framework. The way this works is that we automatically fetch the relevant setup guides from our docs site. And once you select a given guide, we also render the code blocks and text from each relevant guide as well. The Impact With this new onboarding flow, we aim to make integration smoother by removing extra setup steps and allowing users to get started with their preferred language. This approach is designed to provide a more seamless experience and make it easier for developers to access the full range of Highlight’s observability tools from the start. What’s Next? We’re continuously iterating on the onboarding experience to make it even smoother. If you have feedback, we’d love to hear from you—drop by our Discord or shoot us a message! Comments ( 0 ) Name Email Your Message New Comment Other articles you may like Aug 9, 2022 • 8 min. read How we Animate Product Updates at Highlight Engineering Frontend Jul 20, 2023 • 6 min. read Finding Interesting Sessions with Markov Chains Product Updates Feb 9, 2023 • 8 min. read The 5 Best Logging Libraries for Ruby Engineering Try Highlight Today Get the visibility you need Get started for free Product Pricing Sign up Features Privacy & Security Customers Session Replay Error Monitoring Logging Competitors LogRocket Hotjar Fullstory Smartlook Inspectlet Datadog Sentry Site24x7 Sprig Mouseflow Pendo Heap LogicMonitor Last9 Axiom Better Stack HyperDX Dash0 Developers Changelog Documentation Ambassadors Frameworks React Next.js Angular Gatsby.js Svelte.js Vue.js Express Golang Next.js Node.js Rails Hono Contact & Legal Terms of Service Privacy Policy Careers sales@highlight.io security@highlight.io [object Object] | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dumb.dev.to/challenges | DEV Online Hackathons and Writing Challenges - DUMB DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DUMB DEV Community Close Join a DEV Online Hackathon or Writing Challenge What are DEV Challenges? 🧠 DEV Challenges are mini Hackathons that provide a fun opportunity for you to build up experience using new tools or to publicly show off your best skills to the community, potential employers and more. Active Challenges Algolia Agent Studio Challenge Manage your entire search infrastructure using natural language! Live Cash Prizes 🤑 → New Year, New You Portfolio Challenge Build or update your developer portfolio using Google AI! Live Cash Prizes 🤑 → 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Previous Challenges DEV's Worldwide Show and Tell Challenge Presented by Mux Record a 1-minute pitch video and show off your project → Xano AI-Powered Backend Challenge Build production-ready backends at AI speed. → AI Challenge for Cross-Platform Apps From zero to project in 10 seconds! → AI Agents Intensive Course Writing Challenge Share your journey from the 5-Day AI Agents Intensive Course → Agentic Postgres Challenge Experiment with the first database built for agents 🤖 → Frontend Challenge: Halloween Edition Flex your CSS and JavaScript Skills! → Auth0 for AI Agents Challenge Secure AI agents, humans, and whatever comes next! → 2025 Hacktoberfest Writing Challenge Celebrate open source through writing! → KendoReact Free Components Challenge Build without boundaries! 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https://dev.to/t/project/page/3 | Project Page 3 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close # project Follow Hide Create Post Older #project posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Connecting AWS RDS to Spring Boot Sachith Fernando Sachith Fernando Sachith Fernando Follow Dec 8 '24 Connecting AWS RDS to Spring Boot # aws # mysql # springboot # project 19 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read What Security Features Should Be Considered When Selecting a Project Management Tool? Mobilise Mobilise Mobilise Follow Dec 3 '24 What Security Features Should Be Considered When Selecting a Project Management Tool? # project # saas # digitalworkplace # automation 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Tips to Create Project Timelines in Architecture & Real Estate Development Projects Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Oct 25 '24 Tips to Create Project Timelines in Architecture & Real Estate Development Projects # timeline # projectmanagement # project # planning 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Critical Path Software for Project Teams: Top 3 Solutions Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Nov 27 '24 Critical Path Software for Project Teams: Top 3 Solutions # projectmanagement # project # criticalpath # software 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read MS Project vs Other Tools: Quick Comparison of Robust Project Management Solutions Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Oct 21 '24 MS Project vs Other Tools: Quick Comparison of Robust Project Management Solutions # projectmanagement # project # software # pmtools 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read 5 Impressive Planners for Project Managers Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Nov 21 '24 5 Impressive Planners for Project Managers # projectmanagement # planning # ganttchart # project 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read 5 Daily Task Managers to Keep You Focused and Productive Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Oct 16 '24 5 Daily Task Managers to Keep You Focused and Productive # taskmanagement # projectmanagement # project # work 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Python Day 4-Project on EMI,BMI,SSLC %,EB Bill calculator Guru prasanna Guru prasanna Guru prasanna Follow Nov 18 '24 Python Day 4-Project on EMI,BMI,SSLC %,EB Bill calculator # payilagam # python # project # emicalculator Comments Add Comment 2 min read Choosing the Most Effective Basecamp Gantt Chart Solution Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Oct 9 '24 Choosing the Most Effective Basecamp Gantt Chart Solution # projectmanagement # project # ganttchart # integrations 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read The Essence of Task Dependencies in Project Management: Definition & Example Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Nov 11 '24 The Essence of Task Dependencies in Project Management: Definition & Example # projectmanagement # taskmanagement # project # dependencies 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read From Professional Areas to Personal Needs: How to Implement a Gantt Chart in Your Life [With Templates] Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Oct 29 '24 From Professional Areas to Personal Needs: How to Implement a Gantt Chart in Your Life [With Templates] # ganttchart # projectmanagement # project # gantt 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read Top 5 Annual Planning Tools for Different Cases Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Oct 28 '24 Top 5 Annual Planning Tools for Different Cases # planning # projectmanagement # project # tools 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Setting Up a Node.js, TypeScript, and Express Project Harshal Ranjhani Harshal Ranjhani Harshal Ranjhani Follow for CodeParrot Oct 27 '24 Setting Up a Node.js, TypeScript, and Express Project # node # express # typescript # project 9 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read Leading WBS Software: Quick Overview of Reliable Tools Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Oct 3 '24 Leading WBS Software: Quick Overview of Reliable Tools # projectmanagement # project # wbs # work 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Project Planning Ian A. Caburian Ian A. Caburian Ian A. Caburian Follow Sep 19 '24 Project Planning # project # github # notion # obsidian Comments Add Comment 1 min read 5 Project Management Timeline Tools to Maximize Business Efficiency Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Sep 23 '24 5 Project Management Timeline Tools to Maximize Business Efficiency # projectmanagement # project # timeline # software 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read 5 Software for Construction Plans That Facilitate Project Processes & Boost Teamwork Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Oct 10 '24 5 Software for Construction Plans That Facilitate Project Processes & Boost Teamwork # project # projectmanagement # construction # planning 2 reactions Comments 7 comments 4 min read Factors for Project Success in Project Management Bella Sean Bella Sean Bella Sean Follow Sep 4 '24 Factors for Project Success in Project Management # project # projectmanagement Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building a Quiz App Using Python: A Step-by-Step Guide Ratan Ratan Ratan Follow Oct 4 '24 Building a Quiz App Using Python: A Step-by-Step Guide # python # project # tutorial # programming 36 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to Export Microsoft Project: Easy Steps Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Sep 17 '24 How to Export Microsoft Project: Easy Steps # projectmanagement # project # export # software 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read How to Convert Excel to a Gantt chart: Quick Guide for Project Teams Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Sep 11 '24 How to Convert Excel to a Gantt chart: Quick Guide for Project Teams # projectmanagement # project # excel # ganttchart 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Consistent Steps to Make a Gantt Chart in MS Project Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Aug 6 '24 Consistent Steps to Make a Gantt Chart in MS Project # ganttchart # projectmanagement # project # gantt 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Smartsheet vs. Popular Tools: 5 Alternatives to Consider Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Sep 5 '24 Smartsheet vs. Popular Tools: 5 Alternatives to Consider # project # projectmanagement # tools # alternatives 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read How to Open .MPP Files Without Hassle: Quick Guide With Example Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Aug 30 '24 How to Open .MPP Files Without Hassle: Quick Guide With Example # project # projectmanagement # software # planning 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read CodeKeeper - Project and tasks manager Nighty3098 Nighty3098 Nighty3098 Follow Aug 26 '24 CodeKeeper - Project and tasks manager # cpp # qt # github # project Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/derlin | Lucy Linder - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Lucy Linder Technology enthusiast and octopus lover. Coding makes me happy ! Follow me at https://blog.derlin.ch Location Switzerland Joined Joined on Aug 2, 2021 Personal website https://derlin.ch github website Education Msc Work Software Engineer Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close 4 Top 7 Awarded for having a post featured in the weekly "must-reads" list. 🙌 Got it Close CS Challenge Winner Badge Awarded for winning a prompt in the Computer Science Challenge! 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Python • 8 stars bitdowntoc Online and command-line Markdown TOC generator, with built-in support for BitBucket Server, GitHub, Gitlab, dev.to and more! Kotlin • 46 stars docker-compose-viz-mermaid Generate beautiful visuals from docker-compose files. The mermaid graph can be exported to PNG, SVG, or edited directly in https://mermaid.live. Kotlin • 28 stars pwa-ize Transform any web page into a PWA that can be launched in a dedicated/separate browser instance on Mobile Vue • 3 stars Skills/Languages Kotlin, Python, Go, Java, Bash, JS, Perl ... Pretty fluent in Helm (not a language per se, but still) Post 46 posts published Comment 141 comments written Tag 22 tags followed Pin Pinned I challenged myself to read every day, and it changed my life 📚 Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Jan 31 '23 I challenged myself to read every day, and it changed my life 📚 # help # aws # vscode 117 reactions Comments 26 comments 5 min read Finally a clean and easy way to add Table of Contents to dev.to articles 🤩 Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Jan 2 '23 Finally a clean and easy way to add Table of Contents to dev.to articles 🤩 # showdev # howtodevto # writing # beginners 97 reactions Comments 17 comments 4 min read Let's code a reusable workflow for building state-of-the-art, multi-platform Docker images with Github Actions ✨ Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Dec 5 '22 Let's code a reusable workflow for building state-of-the-art, multi-platform Docker images with Github Actions ✨ # codenewbie # learning # beginners 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 11 min read dev.to is for webdevs and beginners - I have data to prove it Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Nov 17 '22 dev.to is for webdevs and beginners - I have data to prove it # webdev # beginners # opensource # meta 261 reactions Comments 39 comments 10 min read helmfile: difference between sync and apply (Helm 3) Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Oct 11 '21 helmfile: difference between sync and apply (Helm 3) # helm # kubernetes # devops 10 reactions Comments 2 comments 6 min read Understanding Cloudflare Caching: What Gets Cached and How to Control It Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Mar 17 '25 Understanding Cloudflare Caching: What Gets Cached and How to Control It # todayilearned # performance # webdev # caching 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Want to connect with Lucy Linder? 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Sign in How to connect to AWS OpenSearch or Elasticsearch clusters using python Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Dec 18 '24 How to connect to AWS OpenSearch or Elasticsearch clusters using python # python # aws # todayisearched # elasticsearch 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read The Twelve-Factor App: A Blueprint for Scalable, Maintainable Software Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Aug 26 '24 The Twelve-Factor App: A Blueprint for Scalable, Maintainable Software # devops # development # learning # cloud 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read Seriously, you need to learn git Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Jul 22 '24 Seriously, you need to learn git # git # learning # beginners # productivity 65 reactions Comments 16 comments 5 min read Idempotency in 256 characters or less Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Jun 23 '24 Idempotency in 256 characters or less # devchallenge # cschallenge # computerscience # beginners 22 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read From Jar to Brew: distribute your Java programs easily with Homebrew and GitHub Actions Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow May 20 '24 From Jar to Brew: distribute your Java programs easily with Homebrew and GitHub Actions # java # devops # tutorial # github 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 8 min read How to mock an API in 2 minutes Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow May 9 '24 How to mock an API in 2 minutes # todayilearned # webdev # tutorial # testing 14 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read Exploring The Magic of Python Through The Awesome Slumber Library Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Apr 8 '24 Exploring The Magic of Python Through The Awesome Slumber Library # todayilearned # python # programming # tutorial 5 reactions Comments 4 comments 6 min read Introducing Mantelo - The Best Keycloak Admin Client for Python Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Apr 2 '24 Introducing Mantelo - The Best Keycloak Admin Client for Python # showdev # python # devjournal # developer 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read Ever wondered how cloud providers (PaaS) integrate with GitHub? I did. Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Feb 6 '24 Ever wondered how cloud providers (PaaS) integrate with GitHub? I did. # todayilearned # github # devops # cloud 12 reactions Comments 1 comment 13 min read Diving Deeper into Python Exceptions Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Jan 9 '24 Diving Deeper into Python Exceptions # python # learning # development # coding 38 reactions Comments 4 comments 7 min read Python, type hints, and future annotations Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Sep 13 '23 Python, type hints, and future annotations # todayilearned # python # programming 14 reactions Comments 3 comments 8 min read How to auto reload & debug Django and Celery workers running in Docker (VS Code) Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Aug 1 '23 How to auto reload & debug Django and Celery workers running in Docker (VS Code) # todayilearned # python # productivity # programming 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read When plans go astray: my unsuccessful journey of migrating a large Django project to Mypy Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Jul 10 '23 When plans go astray: my unsuccessful journey of migrating a large Django project to Mypy # python # django # tutorial # devjournal 8 reactions Comments 3 comments 11 min read AWS S3 multipart uploads from unauthenticated users? presigned URLs (😕) vs federation tokens (😃) Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Jun 26 '23 AWS S3 multipart uploads from unauthenticated users? presigned URLs (😕) vs federation tokens (😃) # aws # devops # tutorial # python 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Let's RickRoll! Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Jun 12 '23 Let's RickRoll! # showdev # tutorial # python # webdev 20 reactions Comments 4 comments 10 min read A developer's guide to deploy applications on Kubernetes Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow May 22 '23 A developer's guide to deploy applications on Kubernetes # showdev # kubernetes # beginners # tutorial 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Kotlin is `fun` - lambdas with receivers Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Apr 11 '23 Kotlin is `fun` - lambdas with receivers # kotlin # programming # beginners 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read dev.to + TOC + emojis = how I lost a weekend Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Apr 4 '23 dev.to + TOC + emojis = how I lost a weekend # showdev # kotlin # tutorial # devjournal 5 reactions Comments 3 comments 8 min read FastAPI + Celery = ♥ Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Mar 27 '23 FastAPI + Celery = ♥ # showdev # python # fastapi # tutorial 79 reactions Comments 6 comments 2 min read Kotlin is `fun` - extension functions Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Mar 20 '23 Kotlin is `fun` - extension functions # kotlin # beginners # programming # productivity 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Kotlin is `fun` - Function types, lambdas, and higher-order functions Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Mar 13 '23 Kotlin is `fun` - Function types, lambdas, and higher-order functions # kotlin # beginners # programming # functional 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Kotlin is `fun` - Some cool stuff about Kotlin functions Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Mar 6 '23 Kotlin is `fun` - Some cool stuff about Kotlin functions # beginners # kotlin # programming # functional 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Series vs. single: which type of technical article do you prefer? 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Think twice # todayilearned # docker # devops 5 reactions Comments 2 comments 1 min read Genetic algorithms with PyGAD: selection, crossover, mutation Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Apr 25 '22 Genetic algorithms with PyGAD: selection, crossover, mutation # python # algorithms # programming 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read helmfile: understand (and visualize !) the order in which releases are deployed Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Mar 14 '22 helmfile: understand (and visualize !) the order in which releases are deployed # helm # kubernetes # devops # cloud 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to create jars that run like any other executable binary (./app.jar) Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Jan 6 '22 How to create jars that run like any other executable binary (./app.jar) # java # gradle # programming # productivity 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read PWA-ize: open web pages in their own window on mobile Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Dec 7 '21 PWA-ize: open web pages in their own window on mobile # showdev # webdev # opensource 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read How to create nightly releases with Github Actions Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Oct 31 '21 How to create nightly releases with Github Actions # githubactions # ci # github 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Get favicons from any domain using a hidden google API Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Oct 28 '21 Get favicons from any domain using a hidden google API # todayilearned # webdev # tooling 115 reactions Comments 21 comments 1 min read Testing github pages with remote theme locally Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Sep 29 '21 Testing github pages with remote theme locally # testing # local # githubpages # docker 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read bitdowntoc: markdown TOC for all (even BitBucket 😉) Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Sep 24 '21 bitdowntoc: markdown TOC for all (even BitBucket 😉) # showdev # markdown # productivity 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Getting notified when a string/pattern appears on a webpage Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Sep 22 '21 Getting notified when a string/pattern appears on a webpage # webdev # devops # programming # productivity 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Kotlin: pretty print data classes Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Sep 13 '21 Kotlin: pretty print data classes # kotlin # programming 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Report Abuse Mario Duval Solutions Posted on Jan 8 Artificial Intelligence in Freelance Software Development A Technical and Structural Analysis Beyond Productivity Narratives # ai # career # productivity # softwaredevelopment By Mario Duval Solutions & Salima Dergoul Artificial Intelligence is transforming the way people live, think, study, and work, and freelance developers are among the most directly affected. In recent years, AI powered tools have become deeply embedded in daily workflows. Freelancers now rely on them to write text, generate code, reason about problems, analyze data, design interfaces, and accelerate delivery timelines. At the surface level, this transformation appears almost entirely positive. Tasks that once required hours of manual effort can now be completed in minutes. Productivity increases, iteration cycles shorten, and access to opportunities expands, particularly for individuals working alone or in small teams. However, this apparent simplicity hides a deeper reality. Most freelance developers interact with AI exclusively through polished interfaces, conversational prompts, and tightly integrated IDE features. They experience AI as a tool, a helper, or even a collaborator, without understanding that behind every response lies a complex software infrastructure shaped by architectural constraints, economic decisions, and technical tradeoffs. As a result, AI is often treated as a neutral and almost magical capability, rather than as a system with limits, failure modes, and dependencies that directly impact professional outcomes. This lack of structural understanding matters. Freelancers do not operate within the safety net of large organizations. They are individually responsible for correctness, reliability, data handling, cost control, and long-term maintainability. When AI tools fail silently, produce confident but incorrect outputs, or impose hidden constraints, freelancers absorb the consequences directly. Missed deadlines, broken systems, security incidents, and reputational damage are not abstract risks. They are concrete outcomes that stem from misunderstanding how these tools actually work. The goal of this essay is not to reject AI, nor to celebrate it uncritically. Instead, it treats AI as what it truly is: software infrastructure. Infrastructure that freelancers interact with daily, often without visibility into its internal mechanics. By examining how modern AI tools are built, how they are integrated into products, and how they shape freelance work at both technical and economic levels, this analysis aims to move beyond surface level usage. Understanding AI structurally allows freelancers to make better decisions, reduce dependency, design more resilient systems, and ultimately regain a degree of autonomy in an increasingly automated market. How Modern AI Tools Are Actually Built Modern AI tools are not monolithic intelligence systems. They are layered software architectures composed of multiple interacting components, each designed with specific constraints and objectives. At the core are trained models, typically large language or multimodal models, which perform probabilistic inference over input data. These models are surrounded by APIs that expose controlled access, interfaces that shape user interaction, and orchestration layers that manage requests, scaling, monitoring, and cost optimization. What users perceive as a single intelligent response is the result of a coordinated pipeline rather than a single computation. At a high level, most commercial AI tools follow a similar architectural pattern. User input is captured through a frontend interface, transformed into structured requests, and sent to backend services that manage authentication, routing, and policy enforcement. The request then enters an inference pipeline where tokenization converts text into numerical representations, context windows are constructed, and model parameters are applied to generate a response. This output is post processed, filtered, and formatted before being returned to the user. Each step introduces latency, constraints, and potential points of failure. The distinction between frontend and backend responsibilities is critical. Frontend layers focus on usability, responsiveness, and perception. They present AI as conversational, adaptive, and collaborative. Backend systems focus on throughput, cost control, rate limiting, and error management. Many limitations experienced by freelancers are not model limitations but backend decisions such as context truncation, request batching, or output filtering. Without visibility into these layers, users misattribute behavior to intelligence rather than infrastructure. Most freelancers only interact with the surface layer. They see prompts and responses, not queues, retries, memory limits, or orchestration logic. This abstraction is intentional. It lowers friction and accelerates adoption. But it also creates a distorted mental model where AI appears more capable, more consistent, and more reliable than it actually is. The gap between perception and reality grows as systems become more complex. Design choices made upstream impose hard limits downstream. Context windows restrict how much information a model can consider. Cost constraints influence response length and accuracy. Safety filters modify outputs in non transparent ways. These constraints are invisible to the user but shape every interaction. For freelancers, understanding these limits is not optional. It is a prerequisite for using AI responsibly, predicting failure modes, and deciding when AI is appropriate and when it is not. AI Tools Used Daily by Freelancers In practice, freelance developers rely on a broad ecosystem of AI tools that extend far beyond theoretical discussions. Text based systems dominate daily usage. Tools such as ChatGPT, Claude, Copilot, and similar assistants are used for writing documentation, generating boilerplate code, reasoning through problems, and debugging. These systems function as cognitive accelerators, but they also standardize patterns, assumptions, and outputs across a large population of users. Beyond the most visible tools, many freelancers quietly use less discussed systems that provide significant leverage. Code interpreters, automated testing assistants, schema validators, prompt driven query analyzers, and local inference tools all contribute to productivity gains. These tools often operate closer to the codebase and provide more control, but they require a higher level of technical literacy. Freelancers who understand these tools gain an edge not through speed alone, but through deeper integration into their workflows. The distinction between free and paid tools introduces another layer of complexity. Free tiers often impose strict rate limits, reduced context windows, and lower priority processing. Paid tiers offer expanded capabilities, but at recurring costs that directly impact freelance margins. From one perspective, paid tools are investments in efficiency. From another, they are sources of dependency that lock freelancers into specific vendors and pricing models. Evaluating these tools requires not only technical comparison but economic analysis. Image and media generation tools introduce additional backend implications. These systems rely on different model architectures, larger compute requirements, and heavier data pipelines. Freelancers using them for design, marketing, or content creation often overlook the increased infrastructure cost and latency involved. Understanding these differences helps set realistic expectations and avoid overpromising results to clients. Finally, productivity layers integrated into IDEs and platforms further abstract complexity. AI driven code completion, inline explanations, and automated refactoring reshape how developers write and reason about code. While these features increase speed, they also hide implementation details and normalize certain patterns. What these tools abstract away is often more important than what they provide. Hidden assumptions about architecture, scalability, and correctness are embedded in their outputs. Freelancers who fail to recognize these assumptions risk building systems that work initially but collapse under real world constraints. Using AI to Visualize Backend Systems: A junior backend perspective on how AI tools shape the understanding of system architecture From a learning standpoint, backend development requires an early focus on system architecture and on understanding how individual components interact. For junior developers, this phase is often abstract and difficult to visualize. AI tools have recently lowered this initial barrier by making it easier to explore and represent backend structures that previously took weeks of manual analysis. Tools such as ChatGPT or Copilot can analyze code snippets and provide descriptive explanations of classes, services, and data flows. For someone still building their mental models, this creates a feeling of accelerated comprehension, especially when explanations can be generated in multiple languages or reformulated on demand. Voice interaction and IDE integration further reinforce the impression of collaborative, team-like support during development. UML remains a central and irreplaceable tool for understanding backend systems. Class diagrams and sequence diagrams help clarify how data and control move through an application. AI can now assist by generating UML representations directly from code, allowing learners to quickly visualize relationships and interactions without mastering modeling syntax upfront. From a professional backend standpoint, this assistance must be treated as a visualization aid, not as an architectural authority. AI-generated diagrams reflect surface-level code structure, not intent, tradeoffs, or long-term design constraints. Non-explicit decisions such as performance optimizations, domain boundaries, and failure handling are rarely captured correctly. For freelancers working with real systems, relying on AI-generated representations without manual validation introduces a high risk of misunderstanding system behavior and responsibilities. AI Assisted Learning in Python and Flask: AI as a learning accelerator in early backend development, and where its limits appear. In an early learning journey, AI tools can feel like a personal tutor. When studying Python and beginning Flask development, AI-based assistants can help unblock common issues by explaining syntax, suggesting examples, and pointing learners toward relevant concepts. This immediate feedback loop reduces frustration and can make backend development feel more approachable. AI tools are particularly helpful when building foundational components such as database models, routes, and endpoints. By suggesting structural patterns and explaining relationships between modules, they allow learners to focus on logic rather than memorizing syntax. For complex topics such as database normalization, foreign keys, and nested relationships, AI-generated explanations and schemas can provide initial clarity. Used correctly, these tools can support conceptual understanding rather than simple code generation. They can encourage experimentation, comparison between design approaches, and iterative refinement during the learning phase. From a professional development perspective, this form of assistance becomes dangerous when it replaces deliberate reasoning. AI explanations often oversimplify architectural tradeoffs, hide edge cases, and normalize patterns that do not scale in production. Freelancers who rely on AI guidance beyond the learning phase risk developing shallow system understanding, leading to fragile implementations, poor debugging skills, and long-term dependency. AI can accelerate learning only when paired with active verification, manual experimentation, and a clear transition toward independent system design. Advanced AI Tools for Freelance Developers Beyond mainstream conversational tools, a growing ecosystem of advanced AI systems is quietly reshaping how experienced freelancers work. These tools are not designed to replace reasoning or architecture decisions. Instead, they operate closer to the code and the workflow, acting as accelerators for tasks that are repetitive, error prone, or cognitively expensive. Freelancers who move beyond chat based interfaces tend to discover that real leverage comes from tooling that integrates directly into development environments and pipelines. Code interpreters and notebook based systems are a first category often underestimated. Tools such as advanced code interpreters or professional IDE assistants like Tabnine Pro operate on structured execution contexts rather than pure text generation. They allow developers to test snippets, inspect intermediate states, validate assumptions, and reason about code behavior with feedback grounded in execution rather than explanation alone. This shifts AI usage from speculative assistance to verifiable support, which is far more valuable in backend development. Another important category involves AI assisted API testing and automated schema validation. These tools analyze API contracts, request and response structures, and edge cases to identify inconsistencies that traditional testing frameworks may miss. For freelancers working across multiple client systems, this reduces onboarding time and improves reliability. More importantly, it exposes mismatches between documented behavior and actual implementation, an area where manual review is often skipped under time pressure. Local model deployment for code completion and refactoring represents a significant shift in control. Instead of sending code to external services, freelancers can run smaller, task specific models locally to assist with pattern detection, naming consistency, and structural refactoring. While these models lack the breadth of large cloud hosted systems, they offer predictability, privacy, and customization. This tradeoff is often favorable in professional environments where stability and confidentiality matter more than novelty. These advanced tools differ fundamentally from mainstream ChatGPT or Copilot usage. They are less conversational, less impressive at first glance, and require more setup. In exchange, they integrate into real workflows, respect system boundaries, and support deliberate engineering decisions. Freelancers who adopt them tend to treat AI as infrastructure rather than as an intelligent collaborator, which aligns more closely with long term professional practice. Programming Analysis and Code Quality Automation One of the most practical applications of AI in backend development lies in programming analysis and code quality automation. Unlike code generation, which often introduces hidden complexity, analysis focused tools aim to surface existing issues, patterns, and risks within a codebase. For freelancers managing multiple projects with varying levels of technical debt, this capability provides tangible value. Static code analysis enhanced by AI plugins goes beyond traditional rule based linters. These systems analyze code contextually, identifying patterns that may not violate explicit rules but still indicate maintainability or scalability concerns. Examples include overly coupled modules, inconsistent error handling strategies, or misuse of asynchronous patterns. Rather than replacing human judgment, these tools highlight areas that warrant closer inspection. Detecting anti patterns and suggesting refactoring paths is another area where AI excels when used carefully. Instead of rewriting code automatically, effective tools explain why a structure is problematic and propose alternative approaches. This preserves developer agency while accelerating review cycles. For freelancers, this is particularly important because they must balance delivery speed with long term maintainability, often without peer review. Integration into CI CD pipelines represents a more mature stage of AI assisted quality control. When AI driven analysis runs automatically during pull requests or deployments, it enforces consistency and catches regressions early. However, this also introduces new failure modes. Overly aggressive suggestions can block pipelines or normalize suboptimal patterns if blindly accepted. Configuration and calibration become critical responsibilities. The central challenge is balancing AI suggestions with human architectural decisions. AI systems lack context about business priorities, domain complexity, and future constraints. Freelancers who treat AI output as advisory rather than authoritative maintain control over their systems. Those who defer decisions to automated analysis risk building architectures optimized for tool approval rather than real world usage. How a Developer Thinks When Using AI from a Backend Perspective From a backend developer's perspective, AI should be approached as a support mechanism rather than a decision maker. The most effective usage patterns involve AI as a means to externalize thinking, explore alternatives, and validate assumptions. When developers treat AI as a conversational debugger or architectural sounding board, it can help clarify reasoning without substituting it. In Python, Flask, and database driven systems, AI can assist in navigating unfamiliar patterns or recalling best practices. For example, it may help compare different ORM strategies, explain transaction handling, or outline common pitfalls in asynchronous request processing. At this level, AI functions as an augmented reference rather than an instructor. Where AI explanations are most valuable is in articulating relationships and flows. Explaining how components interact, how data moves through layers, or how responsibilities are distributed can help developers refine their own mental models. This is especially useful when onboarding to new codebases or revisiting older projects. However, AI explanations often oversimplify reality. Edge cases, performance implications, and failure scenarios are frequently omitted or glossed over. In backend systems, these omissions are precisely where most production issues originate. Developers who rely too heavily on simplified explanations may develop confidence without corresponding depth. This leads to the central tradeoff between learning speed and learning depth. AI dramatically accelerates initial understanding, but it can also delay the acquisition of hard earned intuition that comes from debugging real systems. Freelancers must consciously manage this tradeoff. Speed is valuable, but depth is what sustains long term competence, credibility, and autonomy. Understanding AI Beyond the Interface: Thinking like a backend engineer The main mistake freelancers make with AI is to treat it as a smart surface rather than as a system. Interfaces are designed to obscure complexity, not to reveal it. A backend engineer, however, cannot afford that illusion. Understanding AI tools requires shifting perspective from what the interface shows to what actually happens behind it, including pipelines, dependencies, constraints, and failure modes. AI tools are not autonomous thinkers. They are pipelines composed of deterministic and probabilistic stages chained together to produce an output. Input preprocessing, tokenization, context assembly, inference, post processing, and filtering all occur before a response is delivered. Each stage introduces assumptions and limitations. When freelancers understand this, they stop attributing intelligence to the system and start reasoning about where errors, bias, or inconsistencies originate. Thinking in terms of pipelines changes how developers debug AI behavior. Instead of asking why the AI is wrong, the more productive question becomes which stage of the pipeline constrained the outcome. Was context truncated. Was the prompt misaligned with the model's training distribution. Was the output filtered or reformatted. This mindset aligns naturally with backend engineering practices. Dependencies external services and constraints: latency, scalability, and cost considerations Modern AI tools are deeply dependent on external services. Model providers, vector databases, orchestration frameworks, rate limiting layers, and monitoring systems all play a role. Freelancers often underestimate how fragile this dependency chain can be. A change in pricing, an API update, or a service outage can directly impact deliverability. From a backend perspective, these dependencies represent operational risk. They introduce uncertainty that cannot be fully controlled by the developer. Understanding this is essential for freelancers who promise reliability to clients. AI is not just a feature. It is an external system embedded inside your own. Latency is not an abstract metric. It directly affects user experience and workflow efficiency. Each AI call introduces network overhead, processing delay, and queuing effects. At scale, these costs compound quickly. Freelancers building systems around AI must consider how often calls are made, how results are cached, and what happens under load. Cost behaves similarly. What seems inexpensive during prototyping can become unsustainable in production. Backend engineers naturally think in terms of throughput, cost per request, and failure budgets. Applying the same discipline to AI usage is what separates experimentation from engineering. Failure modes freelancers rarely anticipate Most freelancers anticipate incorrect outputs. Fewer anticipate silent degradation. Context windows filling up. Responses becoming less relevant over time. Tools behaving differently under load. Or subtle shifts in model behavior after provider updates. These failure modes are dangerous precisely because they are not obvious. A system level understanding allows freelancers to design safeguards, fallbacks, and validation layers. This is not pessimism. It is professional responsibility. When freelancers offer gigs built around AI driven delivery without understanding how learning models actually operate, they implicitly transfer risk to their clients without disclosing it. Many do not understand training boundaries, context limits, non determinism, or model drift, yet they sell reliability as if the system were deterministic software. This gap between promise and reality is where reputational damage occurs. A single failure caused by an upstream model change, a silent degradation, or an incorrect assumption about how the model behaves can undermine client trust very quickly. For freelancers, reputation compounds slowly but collapses fast, and dependency ignorance is one of the fastest ways to trigger that collapse. There is no denial that AI is a useful tool for basic work. It accelerates scaffolding, assists with boilerplate, and reduces friction for exploratory tasks. However, it is unrealistic to believe that a complete frontend interface combined with a functional backend, including menus, integrations, state management, and error handling, can be produced end to end without breaks, inconsistencies, or mistakes, especially within the first dozens of lines of real code. This is not a philosophical position but an engineering fact. Yet many freelancers assume AI can multiply gigs with minimal risk, without accounting for the operational exposure this creates for their clients. When AI generated code fails in subtle ways, it is not the tool that absorbs the blame, it is the freelancer whose name is attached to the delivery. Reproducing AI Like Behavior Locally with Python: how Your expertise and concrete differentiation can build valuable knowledge One of the most overlooked realities in this space is that many behaviors attributed to AI can be reproduced locally, without large models, cloud APIs, or opaque systems. This is where true differentiation emerges, especially for freelancers with strong backend and automation expertise. What parts of AI tools can realistically be reproduced locally: Rule based automation versus probabilistic models Pattern matching, classification, structured transformation, decision routing, and workflow orchestration are all areas where local systems can replicate much of the perceived intelligence of AI tools. For many business use cases, the goal is not creativity but consistency, speed, and predictability. These goals often favor deterministic approaches. Local systems can also simulate contextual behavior by encoding state explicitly rather than relying on probabilistic memory. This leads to systems that are easier to debug, audit, and maintain. Rule based systems are often dismissed as outdated, but this reflects a misunderstanding of their role. Rules excel when the domain is well understood and constraints are explicit. Probabilistic models excel when ambiguity is unavoidable. A backend oriented approach recognizes that these are complementary, not competing paradigms. Freelancers who default to AI for every task often introduce unnecessary uncertainty. Those who combine rules with selective probabilistic components build systems that are both flexible and reliable. Python remains an exceptionally powerful language for building local automation. File processing, data validation, API orchestration, scheduling, and report generation can all be handled with lightweight scripts and workflows. When these systems are designed well, they can mimic the behavior of AI driven tools while remaining fully under the developer's control. This approach also encourages modular thinking. Each script does one thing. Each workflow is observable. Each failure is traceable. Here's a good example of what I mean; many freelancers rely on an AI tool to clean and normalize CSV files before importing them into a database. The AI will attempt to infer column meanings, fix formatting issues, and sometimes even guess missing values. In contrast, a Python script using pandas performs this task deterministically. The script explicitly defines which columns are required, how dates are parsed, how null values are handled, and which rows are rejected. Python executes the same logic every time, at high speed, with predictable outcomes. It never invents assumptions, never changes behavior between runs, and never deviates from the backend rules you defined. The AI is approximating intent, while Python is executing a contract. Here's a good example of what I mean; consider AI tools used to summarize logs or detect errors in backend services. An AI model may scan logs and produce a narrative explanation of what it thinks went wrong, but it can miss edge cases, reorder events, or confidently misinterpret causality. A Python based log analysis pipeline, on the other hand, parses logs line by line, enforces timestamps, correlates request IDs, and applies explicit rules to detect failures. It can generate alerts, structured reports, and metrics with full traceability. Python does not interpret meaning, it enforces structure. For backend reliability, structure beats interpretation every time. Here's a good example of what I mean; some freelancers use AI agents to orchestrate API calls across multiple services, trusting the model to decide sequence and retries. This works until rate limits, partial failures, or inconsistent responses appear. A Python orchestration layer built with clear retry logic, timeouts, and fallback paths handles these scenarios cleanly. Each API call is intentional. Each failure path is predefined. Execution is faster, more reliable, and easier to audit. Python does not reason about what might work, it executes what is designed to work. That is the fundamental difference. AI approximates behavior, while Python implements systems. Benefits of local control, autonomy & Limits of local approaches compared to large models Local control provides predictability. There are no usage caps, no sudden pricing changes, and no dependency on third party availability. For freelancers, this autonomy translates directly into credibility. Clients care less about whether a solution uses AI and more about whether it works consistently. Autonomy also enables optimization. Developers can profile, refactor, and tune their systems in ways that are impossible with black box services. Local systems cannot replicate the breadth of knowledge or linguistic flexibility of large models. They are not suitable for open ended reasoning, creative generation, or tasks requiring broad generalization. Recognizing these limits is essential. The goal is not replacement, but appropriate allocation of responsibility. A professional approach acknowledges where large models add value and where they introduce unnecessary complexity. Freelancers operate under constraints that employees often do not. Limited time, direct accountability, and reputational risk. Understanding what can be built locally versus what must rely on external AI systems allows freelancers to design solutions that are resilient, cost effective, and defensible. This is not about rejecting AI. It is about mastering it by understanding when not to use it. AI Model Integration in Backend Pipelines One of the most visible trends among freelance developers and agencies over the past few years has been the proliferation of AI caller chatbot services. These systems are designed to automate conversations over voice and chat for customer support, sales qualification, appointment booking, and other contact center functions. Companies such as Yellow.ai, a global customer service automation platform supporting dozens of channels and languages, provide powered conversational interfaces used by enterprises to handle routine inquiries and prequalify leads. Similarly, PolyAI develops conversational voice assistants for call centers that can guide customers through complex inquiries and even replace traditional interactive voice response systems in some contexts. Other commercial offerings like Retell AI provide AI-driven phone agents capable of handling a significant percentage of inbound calls across industries with minimal human intervention. Retell AI.These systems share a common promise: reduce operational costs, improve responsiveness, and automate tasks previously handled by human agents. The appeal for clients is easy to understand, 24/7 availability, instant responses, and conversational automation can appear to be a compelling value proposition. However, from a backend engineering perspective, caller AI solutions introduce a complex set of dependencies and operational considerations that go far beyond simple UI integration. The conversational surface masks an entire pipeline of voice recognition, natural language understanding, dialog management, context tracking, and real-time response generation that must coexist with the rest of the application's backend systems. Moreover, many freelancers approach these tools as if they are plug-and-play features rather than external systems with their own constraints and failure modes. Before building a commercial gig around AI call automation, it is essential to understand not only the promise these systems advertise, but also how they interact with backend infrastructure, what assumptions they make about data and concurrency, and how they fail when conditions change. This structural understanding is what distinguishes robust integration from brittle implementations that may work in demos but fail under real workload, latency variation, or unexpected input patterns. Integrating AI models into an existing backend pipeline is not an exercise in novelty. It is an exercise in discipline. For freelancers, this distinction matters because clients do not pay for experimentation. They pay for systems that behave predictably under load, during failure, and over time. The first responsibility when integrating AI APIs is to treat them as unreliable external dependencies. This means wrapping every call with explicit error handling, retry logic, timeouts, and rate limiting. An AI request should never be allowed to fail silently or cascade into unrelated parts of the system. From a backend perspective, AI is not intelligence. It is a remote service with probabilistic output and non deterministic behavior. Asynchronous execution is another non negotiable requirement. AI calls are often slow relative to traditional backend operations. If they block critical request paths, the entire system becomes fragile. Freelancers who integrate AI synchronously into request response cycles often discover latency spikes, frozen workers, or degraded user experience under moderate traffic. Proper integration means isolating AI execution in background workers, task queues, or event driven pipelines. This ensures that core application logic remains responsive regardless of AI availability or performance fluctuations. Logging and monitoring are equally critical. AI outputs must be treated as data that requires observability. Every request should be logged with inputs, outputs, response times, and error states. This is not about analytics. It is about auditability and debugging. When a client questions a decision made by an AI assisted feature, the freelancer must be able to trace exactly what happened and why. Without structured logs and monitoring, AI becomes an opaque liability embedded inside the system. The distinction between cloud hosted AI and local inference is also operationally significant. Cloud hosted models introduce network dependency, cost variability, and data exposure risk. Local inference in Python offers tighter control, predictable latency, and stronger isolation, but requires careful resource management and realistic expectations around model capability. Freelancers who understand this tradeoff can design hybrid systems where cloud AI is used selectively, while local models handle deterministic or repetitive tasks. This approach balances capability with control, which is the hallmark of mature backend design. Data Flow, Orchestration, and System Reliability AI systems complicate data flow in ways that many freelancers underestimate. Unlike traditional services, AI models often consume and produce large, unstructured payloads. Handling these input and output streams efficiently requires deliberate design. Passing raw user data directly into AI endpoints without validation, chunking, or preprocessing increases memory usage, latency, and failure risk. A reliable backend pipeline enforces strict boundaries around what data enters the AI layer and how results are normalized before re entering the system. Orchestration becomes even more complex when multiple AI services are involved. Some workflows require sequential processing, others parallel execution, and many require conditional branching based on intermediate results. Without explicit orchestration logic, freelancers end up with fragile chains of AI calls that break under partial failure. Proper orchestration treats each AI interaction as a discrete step with defined inputs, outputs, and failure handling. This mirrors traditional distributed system design rather than ad hoc experimentation. Memory and performance constraints are another hidden risk. AI workloads can easily exceed expected resource usage, especially when handling large documents, images, or batched requests. Freelancers who deploy these systems without load testing often encounter crashes or throttling in production. Mitigating this requires streaming approaches, batching strategies, and backpressure mechanisms that prevent overload. These are not AI problems. They are backend engineering problems that AI merely amplifies. Perhaps the most dangerous failure mode is the silent error. AI systems can return plausible outputs that are incorrect, incomplete, or misaligned with business logic. Without validation layers, these outputs propagate through the system unnoticed. Detecting and preventing this requires explicit sanity checks, confidence thresholds, and fallback paths. From a reliability standpoint, an AI assisted pipeline must be designed to fail loudly, not quietly. Freelancers who internalize this principle build systems that clients can trust, even when AI behaves unpredictably. Reducing Dependency and Increasing Autonomy Freelancers frequently treat AI tools as a plug‑and‑play solution, assuming that relying on popular platforms guarantees speed, efficiency, and quality. In reality, over‑reliance creates a hidden co‑dependency: freelancers' work becomes inseparable from the tool's availability, pricing policies, and model behavior. When a platform changes its API, introduces stricter rate limits, or updates its model, projects built on assumptions about the previous behavior can fail silently. Vendor dependency is particularly dangerous for freelancers who promise reliability to clients without full transparency. Popular AI platforms are convenient but opaque. Each call to an external model introduces risk: downtime, pricing volatility, or service discontinuation. Freelancers often underestimate how quickly a dependency can escalate from minor inconvenience to critical failure. Lock‑in occurs when a project is so tightly coupled to a tool's behavior or proprietary formats that switching to another solution becomes costly or technically infeasible. In the worst case, this creates operational fragility that directly affects client deliverables and reputation. Freelancers rarely exploit the possibility of building custom workflows that selectively leverage AI outputs. Instead, they rely on "generic AI" to generate code, content, or responses without imposing checks or structuring results for maintainability. While AI can accelerate simple tasks, these workflows are fragile: even minor updates to the model can break sequences, introduce errors, or produce inconsistent outputs. Custom automation, local pipelines, or hybrid approaches reduce dependence on any single platform while giving the freelancer control over output predictability. Designing systems you control, Data Exposure and Privacy Risks Autonomy is the ultimate protection. By designing systems that encapsulate AI functionality within controlled scripts, validation layers, and local processes, freelancers retain oversight of both input and output. This enables them to experiment safely, debug systematically, and scale responsibly. Local reproducibility also mitigates exposure to rate limits, downtime, and unpredictable behavior that plagues purely cloud‑dependent solutions. Beyond immediate project delivery, long-term maintainability is often overlooked. Platforms evolve, models are retrained, pricing structures shift, and usage policies change. Freelancers who have internalized control over workflows, logging, error handling, and fallback mechanisms retain independence from these fluctuations. Over time, this translates into predictable costs, stable client relationships, and reduced operational stress. It also allows freelancers to integrate AI selectively, using external models only where they add true value and retaining local control where precision, reliability, or auditability matters. AI tools create an additional layer of operational exposure that many freelancers fail to consider. When using cloud-hosted AI, every prompt, document, or dataset sent for processing becomes part of the tool's ecosystem. Freelancers often treat AI as a magic black box without fully evaluating what is transmitted, how it is stored, and who can access it. This creates latent risks for client data, intellectual property, and compliance with regulatory frameworks such as GDPR or HIPAA. All inputs like text, images, code, or logs may leave the freelancer's environment. Even seemingly innocuous metadata such as filenames, timestamps, or user identifiers can reveal sensitive information. Many freelancers assume that anonymization is automatic or that providers do not retain data, which is often incorrect. Awareness of what is sent, and what can be reconstructed from outputs, is essential for professional responsibility. Risks for client sensitive information, Freelancers' responsibility and accountability The immediate risk is mismanagement of client-sensitive material: AI responses may inadvertently leak confidential structures, internal processes, or strategic information. Over time, frequent exposure of proprietary data for training purposes by the AI provider may accumulate into larger intellectual property leakage. Freelancers who do not evaluate these implications may unintentionally compromise their clients' operations or reputation. Freelancers must recognize that their decisions, even when mediated by AI, carry accountability. Using AI to produce outputs does not absolve the freelancer from responsibility for errors, misinterpretations, or breaches. Overestimating AI's reliability while underestimating operational dependencies can result in reputational damage, contractual liability, or loss of client trust. Building local inference pipelines or hybrid solutions mitigates these risks. By retaining control over data flow, preprocessing, and model execution, freelancers can guarantee that sensitive information never leaves their infrastructure. Local systems also allow auditability, deterministic outputs, and precise versioning - elements impossible with opaque cloud-only AI. Additionally, freelancers gain resilience against sudden pricing increases, throttling, or other operational surprises. A subtle but critical issue is that many freelancers perceive AI as a miracle solution for scaling gigs, content generation, or coding assistance. They underestimate the long-term consequences of widespread AI reliance: social media posts inflated by automated content, repeated prompts leading to model drift, misinterpretation by clients, and gradual erosion of trust due to unseen errors. The combination of dependency and lack of oversight may initially boost productivity, but without careful design, it exposes both the freelancer and their clients to cumulative risks that manifest months or years later. Energy and Infrastructure Costs of AI The operational footprint of AI extends far beyond the individual freelancer or their immediate workflow. While using a cloud AI service may feel instantaneous and low-cost, each inference, every API call or model query, triggers substantial computation in data centers. These computations consume large amounts of electricity, often generated from non‑renewable sources. Even lightweight AI models, when scaled across thousands of queries, contribute to a meaningful energy burden. Freelancers rarely perceive this systemic cost because they interact with AI abstracted through interfaces and pay per request without seeing the energy or infrastructure implications. Modern neural networks, particularly transformer‑based models, require massive parallelization to operate efficiently. Inference involves hundreds of matrix multiplications per token generated, executed across GPUs or specialized accelerators. While a single prompt might feel trivial, multiplied by large workloads or repeated queries for experimentation, energy consumption becomes non-negligible. For freelancers integrating AI into production pipelines, understanding this helps frame decisions about which tasks truly require AI versus what can be handled with lightweight local automation. Water and cooling requirements High‑performance AI servers generate significant heat. To maintain operational stability, data centers rely heavily on water and advanced cooling systems. This infrastructural requirement is invisible to the end user but contributes materially to sustainability costs and resource allocation. Freelancers scaling multiple AI workflows in production may inadvertently rely on an invisible chain of energy and water usage that impacts global resources. Beyond energy and cooling, AI models demand specialized hardware: GPUs, TPUs, or high‑memory compute nodes. The production, deployment, and maintenance of this hardware consume raw materials and contribute to electronic waste. While freelancers rarely provision this infrastructure themselves, choosing cloud-hosted AI without understanding these costs perpetuates a dependency on a resource‑intensive backbone. Freelancers' focus is understandably on speed, output quality, and client delivery. Systemic energy and hardware costs are abstracted away, hidden behind API pricing. However, awareness of these factors should influence design choices: which models to call, how often, and when to implement local, deterministic alternatives. Incorporating energy‑efficient design is not only responsible; it also aligns with long-term maintainability and operational reliability. Frontend and Backend Operational Impact, usage expectations & UX constraints Integrating AI tools impacts both frontend and backend operations, often in ways freelancers underestimate. From the user interface to backend orchestration, every AI call introduces latency, state dependency, and potential failure points. Understanding these impacts is essential for designing systems that remain reliable, performant, and auditable. AI integration often creates unrealistic user expectations. Chatbots and intelligent interfaces are assumed to understand any input, respond instantly, and never fail. Freelancers must design frontend interfaces that account for AI latency, uncertainty, and partial knowledge. Techniques such as loading states, progressive disclosure of AI-generated content, and fallback messaging are essential to prevent UX degradation. Backend systems must manage AI calls as first-class dependencies. This includes orchestrating requests through queues or background workers, implementing retries, handling rate limits, and isolating failures. A single blocking AI call can slow or halt critical application components, impacting overall system reliability. Freelancers often overlook these subtleties, assuming the AI service is a seamless black box. AI introduces non-deterministic behavior that complicates debugging. Outputs may differ for the same input depending on model version, context, or hidden state. Freelancers must build robust logging and monitoring, capturing inputs, outputs, and metadata to reproduce and trace errors. Unlike traditional deterministic scripts, AI-assisted systems require both technical and analytical skills to diagnose failures effectively. Finally, AI integration multiplies operational complexity. Freelancers must coordinate data validation, system observability, resource management, and error recovery. Each of these layers interacts with the AI's probabilistic nature, creating scenarios unseen in traditional software development. By understanding this complexity, freelancers can design pipelines that leverage AI's benefits without sacrificing reliability, control, or client trust. Errors, Silent Failures, and Misinterpretations While AI can dramatically accelerate work, it is not infallible. Freelancers relying on AI outputs for critical tasks must recognize that confident results are not always correct. Models may generate plausible but wrong answers, misinterpret instructions, or omit essential context. These "silent failures" are especially dangerous because they often go unnoticed until after deployment, affecting both codebases and client deliverables. AI models are trained to produce outputs that appear credible, even when the underlying reasoni | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Editor Guide 🤓 Things to Know We use a markdown editor that uses Jekyll front matter . Most of the time, you can write inline HTML directly into your posts. We support native Liquid tags and created some fun custom ones, too! Trying embedding a Tweet or GitHub issue in your post, using the complete URL: {% embed https://... %} . Links to unpublished posts are shareable for feedback/review. When you're ready to publish, set the published variable to true or click publish depending on the editor version, you're using Links to unpublished posts (drafts or scheduled posts) are shareable for feedback/review. These posts have a notice which reads "This URL is public but secret, so share at your own discretion." They are not visible in feeds or on your profile until published. description area in Twitter cards and open graph cards We have two editor versions . If you'd prefer to edit title and tags etc. as separate fields, switch to the "rich + markdown" option in Settings → Customization . Otherwise, continue: Front Matter Custom variables set for each post, located between the triple-dashed lines in your editor Here is a list of possibilities: title: the title of your article published: boolean that determines whether or not your article is published. tags: max of four tags, needs to be comma-separated canonical_url: link for the canonical version of the content cover_image: cover image for post, accepts a URL. The best size is 1000 x 420. series: post series name. ✍ Markdown Basics Below are some examples of commonly used markdown syntax. If you want to dive deeper, check out this cheat sheet. Bold & Italic Italics : *asterisks* or _underscores_ Bold : **double asterisks** or __double underscores__ Links I'm an inline link : [I'm an inline link](put-link-here) Anchored links (For things like a Table of Contents) ## Table Of Contents * [Chapter 1](#chapter-1) * [Chapter 2](#chapter-2) ### Chapter 1 <a name="chapter-1"></a> Inline Images When adding GIFs to posts and comments, please note that there is a limit of 200 megapixels per frame/page.  You can even add a caption using the HTML figcaption tag! Headings Add a heading to your post with this syntax: # One '#' for a h1 heading ## Two '#'s for a h2 heading ... ###### Six '#'s for a h6 heading Author Notes/Comments Add some hidden notes/comments to your article with this syntax: <!-- This won't show up in the content! --> Accessibility People access online content in all kinds of different ways, and there are a few things you can do to make your posts more easily understood by a broad range of users. You can find out more about web accessibility at W3C's Introduction to Web Accessibility , but there are two main ways you can make your posts more accessible: providing alternative descriptions of any images you use, and adding appropriate headings. Providing alternative descriptions for images Some users might not be able to see or easily process images that you use in your posts. Providing an alternative description for an image helps make sure that everyone can understand your post, whether they can see the image or not. When you upload an image in the editor, you will see the following text to copy and paste into your post:  Replace the "Image description" in square brackets with a description of your image - for example:  By doing this, if someone reads your post using an assistive device like a screen reader (which turns written content into spoken audio) they will hear the description you entered. Providing headings Headings provide an outline of your post to readers, including people who can't see the screen well. Many assistive technologies (like screen readers) allow users to skip directly to a particular heading, helping them find and understand the content of your post with ease. Headings can be added in levels 1 - 6 . Avoid using a level one heading (i.e., '# Heading text'). When you create a post, your post title automatically becomes a level one heading and serves a special role on the page, much like the headline of a newspaper article. Similar to how a newspaper article only has one headline, it can be confusing if multiple level one headings exist on a page. In your post content, start with level two headings for each section (e.g. '## Section heading text'), and increase the heading level by one when you'd like to add a sub-section, for example: ## Fun facts about sloths ### Speed Sloths move at a maximum speed of 0.27 km/h! 🌊 Liquid Tags We support native Liquid tags in our editor, but have created our own custom tags as well. A list of supported custom embeds appears below. To create a custom embed, use the complete URL: {% embed https://... %} Supported URL Embeds DEV Community Comment DEV Community Link DEV Community Link DEV Community Listing DEV Community Organization DEV Community Podcast Episode DEV Community Tag DEV Community User Profile asciinema CodePen CodeSandbox DotNetFiddle GitHub Gist, Issue or Repository Glitch Instagram JSFiddle JSitor Loom Kotlin Medium Next Tech Reddit Replit Slideshare Speaker Deck SoundCloud Spotify StackBlitz Stackery Stack Exchange or Stack Overflow Twitch Twitter Twitter timeline Wikipedia Vimeo YouTube Supported Non-URL Embeds Call To Action (CTA) {% cta link %} description {% endcta %} Provide a link that a user will be redirected to. The description will contain the label/description for the call to action. Details You can embed a details HTML element by using details, spoiler, or collapsible. The summary will be what the dropdown title displays. The content will be the text hidden behind the dropdown. This is great for when you want to hide text (i.e. answers to questions) behind a user action/intent (i.e. a click). {% details summary %} content {% enddetails %} {% spoiler summary %} content {% endspoiler %} {% collapsible summary %} content {% endcollapsible %} KaTex Place your mathematical expression within a KaTeX liquid block, as follows: {% katex %} c = \pm\sqrt{a^2 + b^2} {% endkatex %} To render KaTeX inline add the "inline" option: {% katex inline %} c = \pm\sqrt{a^2 + b^2} {% endkatex %} RunKit Put executable code within a runkit liquid block, as follows: {% runkit // hidden setup JavaScript code goes in this preamble area const hiddenVar = 42 %} // visible, reader-editable JavaScript code goes here console.log(hiddenVar) {% endrunkit %} Parsing Liquid Tags as a Code Example To parse Liquid tags as code, simply wrap it with a single backtick or triple backticks. `{% mytag %}{{ site.SOMETHING }}{% endmytag %}` One specific edge case is with using the raw tag. To properly escape it, use this format: `{% raw %}{{site.SOMETHING }} {% ``endraw`` %}` Common Gotchas Lists are written just like any other Markdown editor. If you're adding an image in between numbered list, though, be sure to tab the image, otherwise it'll restart the number of the list. Here's an example of what to do: Here's the Markdown cheatsheet again for reference. 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https://www.git-tower.com/blog/tower-mac-13/ | Tower 13 for Mac — Introducing Graphite Support | Tower Blog You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience. Tower Navigation Features Undo Anything Just press Cmd+Z Drag and Drop Make the complex effortless Integrations Use your favorite tools Tower Workflows Branching Configurations Stacked Pull Requests Supercharged workflows All Features Release Notes Pricing Support Documentation Contact Us Account Login Learn Git Video Course 24 episodes Online Book From novice to master Cheat Sheets For quick lookup Webinar Learn from a Git professional First Aid Kit Recover from mistakes Advanced Git Kit Dive deeper Blog Download Download < Back to Blog Tower 13 for Mac — Introducing Graphite Support Bruno Brito June 2025 | 8 min read Share: Tower 13 is here! If you are a fan of Stacked Pull Requests, "13" is indeed your lucky number! This update introduces seamless Graphite support for all the most popular actions, allowing you to manage your stacked branches and create Pull Requests without ever leaving our Git client. Our previous major release laid the groundwork for adding popular Git workflows by introducing Branch Dependency capabilities and the "Restack" action — and many Tower users have embraced this new workflow with open arms. Now, Tower 13 takes full advantage of this foundation to support Graphite tooling, enabling you to integrate changes into your project at a rapid pace. In this blog post, you will learn more about Graphite and its integration into Tower 13. If you prefer, you can also watch the 5-minute video tour below: About Graphite If you're looking to improve the Pull Request approval process in your organization and haven't heard about Graphite yet, we think you're missing out! Graphite provides a stack-based workflow that enables developers to work on multiple features simultaneously by stacking changes on top of each other. This approach is commonly referred to as the Stacked Pull Requests workflow . The concept is simple: by chaining incremental Pull Requests, there is less code to review, leading to faster code integration and a reduced likelihood of introducing bugs or running into major merge conflicts. For this approach to be successful, managing branches efficiently is paramount – and that's where Graphite shines! Even if you're the first (or only) person on your team to adopt this workflow, everything will work perfectly right away, so there's absolutely no reason not to give it a try 😉 In addition to effortless branch management, Graphite also provides its own interface for code reviews (check out Diamond — hot off the press!) and works alongside GitHub, enhancing its functionality. Apart from the Web UI, Graphite also offers: A CLI tool A VS Code extension You can learn more about Graphite in this blog post . We thought it would be nice to integrate these features into a Git client, so we rolled up our sleeves and built just that. Let's begin the guided tour! Working with Graphite in Tower 13 To get started, click the "Workflow" button available in the toolbar and pick the new entry: Graphite.dev! Tower 13 – Enabling the Graphite Workflow ☝️ Please note that you need to have a Graphite.dev account and the Graphite CLI tool installed (version 1.5.3 or higher) . You will then be prompted to define the "Trunk" branch (usually main ) and enter your Graphite token (more info here ) and the path to the Graphite binary. We recommend installing the Graphite binary using homebrew , as Tower should automatically detect it. That said, Tower also supports detection via npm (the standard package manager for Node.js), so it should pick it up as well. Tower 13 — Configure Graphite Workflow With everything set up, Tower will automatically load the branch information from Graphite by executing the command that CLI Graphite users recognize as gt state in the background. You may have noticed that the "Workflow" icon has switched to Graphite. By clicking the button, you will be able to quickly access some of Graphite's most popular commands and open the Graphite dashboard in your browser. Tower 13 – Graphite Workflow in Toolbar All right, this is the perfect time to explore the Graphite commands that you can effortlessly run in Tower! Working Copy With the Graphite workflow enabled, the first thing you will notice is that there are new options available in the "Working Copy" view. We've added a new "Create" action that allows you to instantly create a new branch with the staged changes (the equivalent of gt create in Graphite's CLI tool). This is a good practice within the Graphite workflow, as it is recommended to treat each branch as an atomic changeset containing, at least initially, a single commit. The "Commit" action functions like the gt modify --commit command in Graphite: it adds a new commit to the currently checked-out branch and automatically restacks if necessary, provided there are no conflicts. Tower 13 — "Working Copy" view ☝️ Tower's "Quick Amend" feature also works with the Graphite workflow. To modify the current branch by amending its commit, hold the Option key ( ⌥ ) and the "Commit" button will be renamed to "Modify". This is the equivalent of running gt modify in Graphite's CLI tool. Creating a Stacked Branch Graphite is all about Stacked Branches, and creating a new one couldn't be easier: just right-click on the "Branches" view in the sidebar to create a new stacked branch. Tower 13 — Create New Stacked Branch In the next dialog, you can select its parent branch for easy integration and choose to pin it and/or check it out immediately. Tower 13 — Create New Stacked Branch Dialog Managing Branches You can also create a new stacked branch by right-clicking on any branch and selecting the preferred option from the context menu. Additionally, you can perform all other common Graphite operations, such as renaming, merging, squashing, or deleting branches. Tower 13 – Graphite Commands in Context Menu Setting the Parent Branch At any moment, you can change the parent branch of a branch; this works in the same way as you would for Stacked Branches — by accessing the context menu and clicking on "Track Parent Branch." In Graphite terminology, you may know this as "tracking" ( gt track ) and "untracking" ( gt untrack ) a stacked branch. Tower 13 – Setting the Parent Branch Restacking Restacking synchronizes all changes by rebasing each child branch onto its parent branch. Tower will display an icon in the sidebar for the branches that require restacking, and you can easily perform this action by right-clicking the desired branch and selecting "Restack [Branch]". In the branch's history view, you will also notice a yellow banner informing you that the branch needs restacking. Tower 13 — Restack Branch In the "Restack Branch" dialog, you will notice a "Restack Full Stack" option. If this option is not active, Tower/Graphite will restack the selected branch and all its parent branches. If the option is selected, the children of the branch will also be restacked (hence the name "full stack"). Tower will notify you of any conflicts that may arise during the restacking operation. Tower 13 — Restack Branch Dialog Syncing a Branch Right-clicking any branch will also give you the option to "sync" it. As the name suggests, this will synchronize all the branches in the stack, similar to running the gt get command. Tower 13 — Sync Branch Dialog Tower also provides you with additional options, such as the ability to restack all branches in your repository. Submitting a Branch (To Create a Pull Request) You can submit a branch (effectively creating a PR) by right-clicking the branch and choosing the appropriate option from the context menu. You can access additional options by clicking the drop-down arrow, such as updating only the branches that already have open PRs. Tower 13 — Submit Branch to Graphite All available Pull Requests can be quickly accessed in Tower's "Pull Requests" view, located in the sidebar or by using the shortcut ⌘ + 4 . Tower 13 — Pull Requests This view enables you to inspect, merge, close, comment on, or check out pull requests without the need to open a browser window. Merge Queue Graphite offers a Merge Queue feature that prevents semantic merge conflicts by automating the rebase process during merges. This ensures that the trunk branch remains "green", allowing development teams to progress more quickly with fewer disruptions. In Tower, if merging is possible, the Graphite branch is added to the merge queue. The merge is performed asynchronously, so be sure to manually refresh and sync the branch afterwards to check if it has been merged. When a Graphite branch is submitted to the merge queue, it is validated remotely to determine if it can be merged. If merging is possible, it is merged; if not, the process fails. To run this operation, simply right-click the branch and select "Add [BRANCH] to Merge Queue…" from Tower's context menu. Tower 13 — Graphite's Merge Queue Warning Messages While using Tower, you may inadvertently disrupt Graphite's state by performing certain Git operations, such as a git push , shown below. Tower will alert you whenever this situation may arise before you continue. Tower 13 — Warning Message These prompts can be enabled and disabled by visiting the "Integration" tab in Tower's Settings. Tower 13 — Integration Settings Other Improvements As usual, we have also taken the time to make some other enhancements behind the scenes. Here is the list of improvements and bugs that we have worked on: Rounded Avatars: Tower now displays rounded avatars for authors and committers. Working Copy: Tower could crash if a user profile referenced an invalid signing key. This has been fixed. History View improvements: Enhanced commit loading performance with signature verification enabled. Fixed issues with scroll position reset and empty list display . Resolved high CPU usage problem caused by GPG key server interactions. We hope you enjoy this release! Happy stacking! 😊 Not a Tower user yet? Download our 30-day free trial and experience a better way to work with Git! Try Tower 13 Now PS: Did you know? Tower Pro is now free for students as well as teachers and educational institutions! Table of Contents Introduction About Graphite Working with Graphite in Tower 13 Other Improvements We make Tower, the best Git client. Try Tower Now Search the Blog Related Posts Meet Graphite – The AI Developer Productivity Platform Tired of endless code review cycles? Find out how Graphite's AI-powered platform and stacked PRs are helping teams like Asana and Vercel ship code faster. Understanding the Stacked Pull Requests Workflow In this post, let's explore the “Stacked Pull Requests” workflow: who it is intended for, its benefits, and the challenges associated with this approach. How Framer Manages Their Codebase with Tower We sat down with Jonas Treub and Niels van Hoorn from the Framer team to understand how Tower assists them in version controlling the Framer codebase, so that their users can build stunning websites. 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https://stripe.com/en-lu/privacy | Chat with Stripe sales Privacy Policy Stripe logo Legal Stripe Privacy Policy & Privacy Center Privacy Policy Cookies Policy Data Privacy Framework Service Providers List Data Processing Agreement Supplier Data Processing Agreement Stripe Privacy Center Privacy Policy This Privacy Policy will be updated on January 16, 2026. Please review the upcoming changes here . Last updated: January 16, 2025 This Privacy Policy includes important information about your personal data and we encourage you to read it carefully. Welcome We provide financial infrastructure for the internet. Individuals and businesses of all sizes use our technology and services to facilitate purchases, accept payments, send payouts, and manage online businesses. This Privacy Policy (“Policy”) describes the Personal Data that we collect, how we use and share it, and details on how you can reach us with privacy-related inquiries. The Policy also outlines your rights and choices as a data subject, including the right to object to certain uses of your Personal Data. Depending on the activity, Stripe assumes the role of a “data controller” and/or “data processor” (or “service provider”). For more details about our privacy practices, including our role, the specific Stripe entity responsible under this Policy, and our legal bases for processing your Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . Defined Terms In this Policy, “Stripe”, “we”, “our,” or “us” refers to the Stripe entity responsible for the collection, use, and handling of Personal Data as described in this document. Depending on your jurisdiction, the specific Stripe entity accountable for your Personal Data might vary. Learn More . “Personal Data” refers to any information associated with an identified or identifiable individual, which can include data that you provide to us, and that we collect about you during your interaction with our Services (such as device information, IP address, etc.). “Services” refers to the products, services, devices, and applications, that we provide under the Stripe Services Agreement (“Business Services”) or the Stripe Consumer Terms of Service (“End User Services”); websites (“Sites”) like Stripe.com and Link.com; and other Stripe applications and online services. We provide Business Services to entities (“Business Users”). We provide End User Services directly to individuals for their personal use. “Financial Partners” are financial institutions, banks, and other partners such as payment method acquirers, payout providers, and card networks that we partner with to provide the Services. Depending on the context, “you” might be an End Customer, End User, Representative, or Visitor: End Users. When you use an End User Service, such as saving a payment method with Link, for personal use we refer to you as an “End User.” End Customers. When you are not directly transacting with Stripe, but we receive your Personal Data to provide Services to a Business User, including when you make a purchase from a Business User on a Stripe Checkout page or receive payments from a Business User, we refer to you as an “End Customer.” Representatives. When you are acting on behalf of an existing or potential Business User—perhaps as a company founder, account administrator for a Business User, or a recipient of an employee credit card from a Business User via Stripe Issuing—we refer to you as a “Representative.” Visitors. When you interact with Stripe by visiting a Site without being logged into a Stripe account, or when your interaction with Stripe does not involve you being an End User, End Customer, or Representative, we refer to you as a “Visitor.” For example, you are a Visitor when you send a message to Stripe asking for more information about our Services. In this Policy, “Transaction Data” refers to data collected and used by Stripe to facilitate transactions you request. Some Transaction Data is Personal Data and may include: your name, email address, contact number, billing and shipping address, payment method information (like credit or debit card number, bank account details, or payment card image chosen by you), merchant and location details, amount and date of purchase, and in some instances, information about what was purchased. 1. Personal Data that we collect and how we use and share it 2. More ways we collect, use and share Personal Data 3. Legal bases for processing data 4. Your rights and choices 5. Security and retention 6. International data transfers 7. Updates and notifications 8. Jurisdiction-specific provisions 9. Contact us 10. US Consumer Privacy Notice 1. Personal Data we collect and how we use and share it Our collection and use of Personal Data differs based on whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, and the specific Service that you are using. For example, if you're a sole proprietor who wants to use our Business Services, we may collect your Personal Data to onboard your business; at the same time, you might also be an End Customer if you've bought goods from another Business User that is using our Services for payment processing. You could also be an End User if you used our End User Service, such as Link, for those transactions. 1.1 End Users We provide End User Services when we provide the Services directly to you for your personal use (e.g., Link). Additional details regarding our collection, usage, and sharing of End User Personal Data, including the legal bases we rely on for processing such data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about End Users Using Link or Connecting your bank account . Stripe offers a service called "Link," which allows you to create an account and store information for future interactions with Stripe’s Services and Business Users. You may save a number of different kinds of Personal Data using Link. For instance, you may save your name, payment method details, contact information, and address to conveniently use saved information to pay for transactions across our Business Users. When you choose to pay with Link, we will also collect Transaction Data associated with your transactions. Learn More . You can also share and save bank account details to your Link account using Stripe’s Financial Connections product. When you use Financial Connections, Stripe will periodically collect and process your account information (such as bank account owner information, account balances, account number and details, account transactions, and, in some cases, log-in credentials). You can ask us to cease the collection of such data at any time. Learn More . You can also use your Link account to access services provided by Stripe’s partner businesses, such as Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) services or crypto wallet services. In these situations, we will collect and share additional Personal Data with partner businesses to facilitate your use of such services. You can save this information to your Link account to access similar services in the future. We may also receive certain information about you from partner businesses in connection with the services they provide. Learn More . Finally, you can use Link to store your identity documents (such as your driver’s license) so that you can share them in future interactions with Stripe or its Business Users. Paying Stripe . When you purchase goods or services directly from Stripe, we receive your Transaction Data. For instance, when you make a payment to Stripe Climate, we collect information about the transaction, as well as your contact and payment method details. Identity/Verification Services . We offer an identity verification service that automates the comparison of your identity document (such as a driver’s license) with your image (such as a selfie). You can separately consent to us using your biometric data to enhance our verification technology, with the option to revoke your consent at any time. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Users, including about your online activity and your engagement with our End User Services, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Users Services . We use and share your Personal Data to provide the End User Services to you, which includes support, personalization (such as language preferences and setting choices), and communication about our End User Services (such as communicating Policy updates and information about our Services). For example, Stripe may use cookies and similar technologies or the data you provide to our Business Users (such as when you input your email address on a Business User’s website) to recognize you and help you use Link when visiting our Business User’s website. Learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies in Stripe’s Cookie Policy . Our Business Users. When you use Link to make payments with our Business Users, we share your Personal Data, including name, contact information, payment method details, and Transaction Data with those Business Users. Learn More . You can also direct Stripe to share your saved bank account information and identity documents with Business Users you do business with. Once we share your Personal Data with Business Users, we may process that Personal Data as a Data Processor for those Business Users, as detailed in Section 1.2 of this Policy. You should consult the privacy policies of the Business Users’ you do business with for information on how they use the information shared with them. Fraud Detection and Loss Prevention . We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect fraud and prevent financial losses for you, us, and our Business Users and Financial Partners, including detecting unauthorized purchases. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those that use our fraud prevention-related Business Services (such as Stripe Radar), with Personal Data about you (including your attempted transactions) so that they can assess the fraud or loss risk associated with the transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, we may use your Personal Data, including Transaction Data, to assess your eligibility for, and offer you, other End User Services or promote existing End User Services, including through co-marketing with partners such as Stripe Business Users. Learn more . Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we use and share End User Personal Data with third party partners to allow us to advertise our End User Services to you, including through interest-based advertising, and to track the efficacy of such ads. We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third-party partners, such as advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services to you. Learn more . More . For further information about ways we may use and share End Users' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.2 End Customers Stripe provides various Business Services to our Business Users, which include processing in-person or online payments or payouts for those Business Users. When acting as a service provider—also referred to as a Data Processor—for a Business User, we process End Customer Personal Data in accordance with our agreement with the Business User and the Business User's lawful instructions. This happens, for example, when we process a payment for a Business User because you purchased a product from them, or when the Business User asks us to send you funds. Business Users are responsible for ensuring that the privacy rights of their End Customers are respected, including obtaining appropriate consents and making disclosures about their own data collection and use associated with their products and services. If you're an End Customer, please refer to the privacy policy of the Business User you're doing business with for its privacy practices, choices, and controls. We provide more comprehensive information about our collection, use, and sharing of End Customer Personal Data in our Privacy Center , including the legal bases we rely on for processing your Personal Data. a. Personal Data we collect about End Customers Transaction Data . If you're an End Customer making payments to, receiving refunds or payments from, initiating a purchase or donation, or otherwise transacting with our Business User, whether in-person or online, we receive your Transaction Data. We may also receive your transaction history with the Business User. Learn More . Additionally, we may collect information entered into a checkout form even if you opt not to complete the form or transaction with the Business User. Learn More . A Business User who uses Stripe’s Terminal Service to provide its goods or services to End Customers may use the Terminal Service to collect End Customer Personal Data (like your name, email, phone number, address, signature, or age) in accordance with its own privacy policy. Identity/Verification Information . Stripe provides a verification and fraud prevention Service that our Business Users can use to verify Personal Data about you, such as your authorization to use a particular payment method. During the process, you’d be asked to share with us certain Personal Data (like your government ID and selfie for biometric verification, Personal Data you input, or Personal Data that is apparent from the physical payment method like a credit card image). To protect against fraud and determine if somebody is trying to impersonate you, we may cross-verify this data with information about you that we've collected from Business Users, Financial Partners, business affiliates, identity verification services, publicly available sources, and other third party service providers and sources. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Customers, including about your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Customers To provide our Business Services to our Business Users, we use and share End Customers' Personal Data with them. Where allowed, we also use End Customers' Personal Data for Stripe’s own purposes such as enhancing security, improving and offering our Business Services, and preventing fraud, loss, and other damages, as described further below. Payment processing and accounting . We use your Transaction Data to deliver Payment-related Business Services to Business Users — including online payment transactions processing, sales tax calculation, and invoice, bill, and dispute handling — and to help them determine their revenue, settle their bills, and execute accounting tasks. Learn More . We may also use your Personal Data to provide and improve our Business Services. During payment transactions, your Personal Data is shared with various entities in connection with your transaction. As a service provider or data processor, we share Personal Data to enable transactions as directed by Business Users. For instance, when you choose a payment method for your transaction, we may share your Transaction Data with your bank or other payment method provider, including as necessary to authenticate you, Learn More , process your transaction, prevent fraud, and handle disputes. The Business User you choose to do business with also receives Transaction Data and might share the data with others. Please review your merchant’s, bank’s, and payment method provider’s privacy policies for more information about how they use and share your Personal Data. Financial services . Certain Business Users leverage our Services to offer financial services to you via Stripe or our Financial Partners. For example, a Business User may issue a card product with which you can purchase goods and services. Such cards could carry the brand of Stripe, the bank partner, and/or the Business User. In addition to any Transaction Data we may generate or receive when these cards are used for purchases, we also collect and use your Personal Data to provide and manage these products, including assisting our Business Users in preventing misuse of the cards. Please review the privacy policies of the Business User and, if applicable, our bank partners associated with the financial service (the brands of which may be shown on the card) for more information. Identity/Verification services . We use Personal Data about your identity to perform verification services for Stripe or for the Business Users that you are transacting with, to prevent fraud, and to enhance security. For these purposes we may use Personal Data you provide directly or Personal Data we obtain from our service providers, including for phone verification. Learn More . If you provide a selfie along with an image of your identity document, we may employ biometric technology to compare and calculate whether they match and verify your identity. Learn More . Fraud detection and loss prevention. We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect and prevent losses for you, us, our Business Users, and Financial Partners. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those using our fraud prevention-related Business Services, with your Personal Data (including your attempted transactions) to help them assess the fraud or loss risk associated with a transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Our Business Users (and their authorized third parties). We share End Customers' Personal Data with their respective Business Users and parties directly authorized by those Business Users to receive such data. Here are common examples of such sharing: When a Business User instructs Stripe to provide another Business User with access to its Stripe account, including data related to its End Customers, via Stripe Connect. Sharing information that you have provided to us with a Business User so that we can send payments to you on behalf of that Business User. Sharing information, documents, or images provided by an End Customer with a Business User when the latter uses Stripe Identity, our identity verification Service, to verify the identity of the End Customer. The Business Users you choose to do business with may further share your Personal Data with third parties (like additional third party service providers other than Stripe). Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information. Advertising by Business Users . If you initiate a purchasing process with a Business User, the Business User receives your Personal Data from us in connection with our provision of Services even if you don't finish your purchase. The Business User may use your Personal Data to market and advertise their products or services, subject to the terms of their privacy policy. Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information, including your rights to stop their use of your Personal Data for marketing purposes. More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share End Customers' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.3 Representatives We collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives of Business Users (for example, business owners) to provide our Business Services. For more information about how we collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives, as well as the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Representatives Registration and contact information . When you register for a Stripe account for a Business User (including incorporation of a Business), we collect your name and login credentials. If you register for or attend an event organized by Stripe or sign up to receive Stripe communications, we collect your registration and profile data. As a Representative, we may collect your Personal Data from third parties, including data providers, to advertise, market, and communicate with you as detailed further in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. We may also link a location with you to tailor the Services or information effectively to your needs. Learn More . Identification Information . As a current or potential Business User, an owner of a Business User, or a shareholder, officer, or director of a Business User, we need your contact details, such as name, postal address, telephone number, and email address, to fulfill our Financial Partner and regulatory requirements, verify your identity, and prevent fraudulent activities and harm to the Stripe platform. We collect your Personal Data, such as ownership interest in the Business User, date of birth, government-issued identity documents, and associated identifiers, as well as any history of fraud or misuse, directly from you and/or from publicly available sources, third parties such as credit bureaus and via the Services we provide. Learn More . You may also choose to provide us with bank account information. More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about Representatives, including your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Representatives We typically use the Personal Data of Representatives to provide the Business Services to the corresponding Business Users. The ways we use and share this data are further described below. Business Services . We use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with Business Users to provide the Services requested by you or the Business User you represent. In some instances, we may have to submit your Personal Data to a government entity to provide our Business Services, for purposes such as the incorporation of a business, or calculating and paying applicable sales tax. For our tax-related Business Services, we may use your Personal Data to prepare tax documents and file taxes on behalf of the Business User you represent. For our Atlas business incorporation Services, we may use your Personal Data to submit forms to the IRS on your behalf and file documents with other government authorities, such as articles of incorporation in your state of incorporation. We share Representatives’ Personal Data with parties authorized by the corresponding Business User, such as Financial Partners servicing a financial product, or third party apps or services the Business User chooses to use alongside our Business Services. Here are common examples of such sharing: Payment method providers, like Visa or WeChat Pay, require information about Business Users and their Representatives who accept their payment methods. This information is typically required during the onboarding process or for processing transactions and handling disputes for these Business Users. Learn More . A Business User may authorize Stripe to share your Personal Data with other Business Users to facilitate the provision of Services through Stripe Connect. The use of Personal Data by a third party authorized by a Business User is subject to the third party’s privacy policy. If you are a Business User who has chosen a name that includes Personal Data (for example, a sole proprietorship or family name in a company name), we will use and share such information for the provision of our Services in the same way we do with any company name. This may include, for example, displaying it on receipts and other transaction-identifying descriptions. Fraud detection and loss prevention . We use Representatives’ Personal Data to identify and manage risks that our Business Services might be used for fraudulent activities causing losses to Stripe, End Users, End Customers, Business Users, Financial Partners, and others. We also use information about you obtained from publicly available sources, third parties like credit bureaus and from our Services to address such risks, including to identify patterns of misuse and monitor for terms of service violations. Stripe may share Representatives' Personal Data with Business Users, our Financial Partners, and third party service providers, including phone verification providers, Learn More , to verify the information provided by you and identify risk indicators. Learn More . We also use and share Representatives' Personal Data to conduct due diligence, including conducting anti-money laundering and sanctions screening in accordance with applicable law. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment. However, we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . We may also use your Personal Data, including your Stripe account activity, to evaluate your eligibility for and offer you Business Services or promote existing Business Services. Learn more . More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share Representatives’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.4 Visitors We collect, use, and share the Personal Data of Visitors. More details about how we collect, use, and share Visitors’ Personal Data, along with the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Visitors When you browse our Sites, we receive your Personal Data, either provided directly by you or collected through our use of cookies and similar technologies. See our Cookie Policy for more information. If you opt to complete a form on the Site or third party websites where our advertisements are displayed (like LinkedIn or Facebook), we collect the information you included in the form. This may include your contact information and other information pertaining to your questions about our Services. We may also associate a location with your visit. Learn More . More . Further details about other types of Personal Data that we may collect from Visitors, including your online activity, can be found in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Visitors Personalization . We use the data we collect about you using cookies and similar technologies to measure engagement with the content on the Sites, improve relevancy and navigation, customize your experience (such as language preference and region-specific content), and curate content about Stripe and our Services that's tailored to you. For instance, as not all of our Services are available globally, we may customize our responses based on your region. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Visitors’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . Engagement . As you interact with our Sites, we use the information we collect about and through your devices to provide opportunities for further interactions, such as discussions about Services or interactions with chatbots, to address your questions. More . For more information about additional ways we may use and share Visitors’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 2. More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data In addition to the ways described above, we also process your Personal Data as follows: a. Collection of Personal Data Online Activity . Depending on the Service used and how our Business Services are implemented by the Business Users, we may collect information related to: The devices and browsers you use across our Sites and third party websites, apps, and other online services (“Third Party Sites”). Usage data associated with those devices and browsers and your engagement with our Services, including data elements like IP address, plug-ins, language preference, time spent on Sites and Third Party Sites, pages visited, links clicked, payment methods used, and the pages that led you to our Sites and Third Party Sites. We also collect activity indicators, such as mouse activity indicators, to help us detect fraud. Learn More . See also our Cookie Policy . Communication and Engagement Information . We also collect information you choose to share with us through various channels, such as support tickets, emails, or social media. If you respond to emails or surveys from Stripe, we collect your email address, name, and any other data you opt to include in your email or responses. If you engage with us over the phone, we collect your phone number and any other information you might provide during the call. Calls with Stripe or Stripe representatives may be recorded. Learn More . Additionally, we collect your engagement data, like your registration for, attendance at, or viewing of Stripe events and any other interactions with Stripe personnel. Forums and Discussion Groups . If our Sites allow posting of content, we collect Personal Data that you provide in connection with the post. b. Use of Personal Data. Besides the use of Personal Data described above, we use Personal Data in the ways listed below: Analyzing, Improving, and Developing our Services . We collect and process Personal Data throughout our various Services, whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, to improve our Services, develop new Services, and support our efforts to make our Services more efficient, relevant, and useful to you. Learn More . We may use Personal Data to generate aggregate and statistical information to understand and explain how our Services are used. Examples of how we use Personal Data to analyze, improve, and develop our products and services include: Using analytics on our Sites, including as described in our Cookie Policy, to help us understand your use of our Sites and Services and diagnose technical issues. Training artificial intelligence models to power our Services and protect against fraud and other harm. Learn more . Analyzing and drawing inferences from Transaction Data to reduce costs, fraud, and disputes and increase authentication and authorization rates for Stripe and our Business Users. Communications . We use the contact information we have about you to deliver our Services, Learn More , which may involve sending codes via SMS for your authentication. Learn More . If you are an End User, Representative, or Visitor, we may communicate with you using the contact information we have about you to provide information about our Services and our affiliates’ services, invite you to participate in our events, surveys, or user research, or otherwise communicate with you for marketing purposes, in compliance with applicable law, including any consent or opt-out requirements. For example, when you provide your contact information to us or when we collect your business contact details through participation at trade shows or other events, we may use this data to follow up with you regarding an event, provide information requested about our Services, and include you in our marketing information campaigns. Where permitted under applicable law, we may record our calls with you to provide our Services, comply with our legal obligations, perform research and quality assurance, and for training purposes. Social Media and Promotions . If you opt to submit Personal Data to engage in an offer, program, or promotion, we use the Personal Data you provide to manage the offer, program, or promotion. We also use the Personal Data you provide, along with the Personal Data you make available on social media platforms, for marketing purposes, unless we are not permitted to do so. Fraud Prevention and Security . We collect and use Personal Data to help us identify and manage activities that could be fraudulent or harmful across our Services, enable our fraud detection Business Services, and secure our Services and transactions against unauthorized access, use, alteration or misappropriation of Personal Data, information, and funds. As part of the fraud prevention, detection, security monitoring, and compliance efforts for Stripe and its Business Users, we collect information from publicly available sources, third parties (such as credit bureaus), and via the Services we offer. In some instances, we may also collect information about you directly from you, or from our Business Users, Financial Partners, and other third parties for the same purposes. Furthermore, to protect our Services, we may receive details such as IP addresses and other identifying data about potential security threats from third parties. Learn More . Such information helps us verify identities, conduct credit checks where lawfully permitted, and prevent fraud. Additionally, we might use technology to evaluate the potential risk of fraud associated with individuals seeking to procure our Business Services or arising from attempted transactions by an End Customer or End User with our Business Users or Financial Partners. Compliance with Legal Obligations . We use Personal Data to meet our contractual and legal obligations related to anti-money laundering, Know-Your-Customer ("KYC") laws, anti-terrorism activities, safeguarding vulnerable customers, export control, and prohibition of doing business with restricted persons or in certain business fields, among other legal obligations. For example, we may monitor transaction patterns and other online signals and use those insights to identify fraud, money laundering, and other harmful activity that could affect Stripe, our Financial Partners, End Users, Business Users and others. Learn More . Safety, security, and compliance for our Services are key priorities for us, and collecting and using Personal Data is crucial to this effort. Minors . Our Services are not directed to children under the age of 13, and we request that they do not provide Personal Data to seek Services directly from Stripe. In certain jurisdictions, we may impose higher age limits as required by applicable law. c. Sharing of Personal Data. Besides the sharing of Personal Data described above, we share Personal Data in the ways listed below: Stripe Affiliates . We share Personal Data with other Stripe-affiliated entities for purposes identified in this Policy. Service Providers or Processors . In order to provide, communicate, market, analyze, and advertise our Services, we depend on service providers. These providers offer critical services such as providing cloud infrastructure, conducting analytics for the assessment of the speed, accuracy, and/or security of our Services, verifying identities, identifying potentially harmful activity, and providing customer service and audit functions. We authorize these service providers to use or disclose the Personal Data we make available to them to perform services on our behalf and to comply with relevant legal obligations. We require these service providers to contractually commit to security and confidentiality obligations for the Personal Data they process on our behalf. The majority of our service providers are based in the European Union, the United States of America, and India. Learn More . Financial Partners . We share Personal Data with certain Financial Partners to provide Services to Business Users and offer certain Services in conjunction with these Financial Partners. For instance, we may share certain Personal Data, such as payment processing volume, loan repayment data, and Representative contact information, with institutional investors and lenders who purchase loan receivables or provide financing related to Stripe Capital. Learn More . Others with Consent . In some situations, we may not offer a service, but instead refer you to others (like professional service firms that we partner with to deliver the Atlas Service). In these instances, we will disclose the identity of the third party and the information to be shared with them, and seek your consent to share the information. Corporate Transactions . If we enter or intend to enter a transaction that modifies the structure of our business, such as a reorganization, merger, sale, joint venture, assignment, transfer, change of control, or other disposition of all or part of our business, assets, or stock, we may share Personal Data with third parties in connection with such transaction. Any other entity that buys us or part of our business will have the right to continue to use your Personal Data, subject to the terms of this Policy. Compliance and Harm Prevention . We share Personal Data when we believe it is necessary to comply with applicable law; to abide by rules imposed by Financial Partners in connection with the use of their payment method; to enforce our contractual rights; to secure and protect the Services, rights, privacy, safety, and property of Stripe, you, and others, including against malicious or fraudulent activity; and to respond to valid legal requests from courts, law enforcement agencies, regulatory agencies, and other public and government authorities, which may include authorities outside your country of residence. 3. Legal bases for processing Personal Data For purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other applicable data protection laws, we rely on a number of legal bases to process your Personal Data. Learn More . For some jurisdictions, there may be additional legal bases, which are outlined in the Jurisdiction-Specific Provisions section below. a. Contractual and Pre-Contractual Business Relationships . We process Personal Data to enter into business relationships with prospective Business Users and End Users and fulfill our respective contractual obligations with them. These processing activities include: Creation and management of Stripe accounts and Stripe account credentials, including the assessment of applications to initiate or expand the use of our Services; Creation and management of Stripe Checkout accounts; Accounting, auditing, and billing activities; and Processing of payments and related activities, which include fraud detection, loss prevention, transaction optimization, communications about such payments, and related customer service activities. b. Legal Compliance . We process Personal Data to verify the identities of individuals and entities to comply with obligations related to fraud monitoring, prevention, and detection, laws associated with identifying and reporting illicit and illegal activities, such as those under the Anti-Money Laundering ("AML") and Know-Your-Customer (“KYC") regulations, and financial reporting obligations. For example, we may be required to record and verify a Business User’s identity to comply with regulations designed to prevent money laundering, fraud, and financial crimes. These legal obligations may require us to report our compliance to third parties and subject ourselves to third party verification audits. c. Legitimate Interests . Where permitted under applicable law, we rely on our legitimate business interests to process your Personal Data. The following list provides an example of the business purposes for which we have a legitimate interest in processing your data: Detection, monitoring, and prevention of fraud and unauthorized payment transactions; Mitigation of financial loss, claims, liabilities or other harm to End Customers, End Users, Business Users, Financial Partners, and Stripe; Determination of eligibility for and offering new Stripe Services ( Learn More ); Response to inquiries, delivery of Service notices, and provision of customer support; Promotion, analysis, modification, and improvement of our Services, systems, and tools, as well as the development of new products and services, including enhancing the reliability of the Services; Management, operation, and improvement of the performance of our Sites and Services, through understanding their effectiveness and optimizing our digital assets; Analysis and advertisement of our Services, and related improvements; Aggregate analysis and development of business intelligence that enable us to operate, protect, make informed decisions about, and report on the performance of our business; Sharing of Personal Data with third party service providers that offer services on our behalf and business partners that help us in operating and improving our business ( Learn More) ; Enabling network and information security throughout Stripe and our Services; and Sharing of Personal Data among our affiliates. d. Consent . We may rely on consent or explicit consent to collect and process Personal Data regarding our interactions with you and the provision of our Services such as Link, Financial Connections, Atlas, and Identity. When we process your Personal Data based on your consent, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time, and such a withdrawal will not impact the legality of processing performed based on the consent prior to its withdrawal. e. Substantial Public Interest . We may process special categories of Personal Data, as defined by the GDPR, when such processing is necessary for reasons of substantial public interest and consistent with applicable law, such as when we conduct politically-exposed person checks. We may also process Personal Data related to criminal convictions and offenses when such processing is authorized by applicable law, such as when we conduct sanctions screening to comply with AML and KYC obligations. f. Other valid legal bases . We may process Personal Data further to other valid legal bases as recognized under applicable law in specific jurisdictions. See the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section below for more information. 4. Your rights and choices Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have choices regarding our collection, use, and disclosure of your Personal Data: a. Opting out of receiving electronic communications from us If you wish to stop receiving marketing-related emails from us, you can opt-out by clicking the unsubscribe link included in such emails or as described here . We'll try to process your request(s) as quickly as reasonably practicable. However, it's important to note that even if you opt out of receiving marketing-related emails from us, we retain the right to communicate with you about the Services you receive (like support and important legal notices) and our Business Users might still send you messages or instruct us to send you messages on their behalf. b. Your data protection rights Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have the following rights regarding the Personal Data we process about you as a data controller: The right to request confirmation of whether Stripe is processing Personal Data associated with you, the categories of personal data it has processed, and the third parties or categories of third parties with which your Personal Data is shared; The right to request access to the Personal Data Stripe processes about you ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe rectify or update your Personal Data if it's inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated; The right to request that Stripe erase your Personal Data in certain circumstances as provided by law ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe restrict the use of your Personal Data in certain circumstances, such as while Stripe is considering another request you've submitted (for instance, a request that Stripe update your Personal Data); The right to request that we export the Personal Data we hold about you to another company, provided it's technically feasible; The right to withdraw your consent if your Personal Data is being processed based on your previous consent; The right to object to the processing of your Personal Data if we are processing your data based on our legitimate interests; unless there are compelling legitimate grounds or the processing is necessary for legal reasons, we will cease processing your Personal Data upon receiving your objection ( Learn More ); The right not to be discriminated against for exercising these rights; and The right to appeal any decision by Stripe relating to your rights by contacting Stripe’s Data Protection Officer (“DPO”) at dpo@stripe.com , and/or relevant regulatory agencies. You may have additional rights, depending on applicable law, over your Personal Data. For example, see the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section under United States below. c. Process for exercising your data protection rights To exercise your data protection rights related to Personal Data we process as a data controller, visit our Privacy Center or contact us as outlined below. For Personal Data we process as a data processor, please reach out to the relevant data controller (Business User) to exercise your rights. If you contact us regarding your Personal Data we process as a data processor, we will refer you to the relevant data controller to the extent we are able to identify them. 5. Security and Retention We make reasonable efforts to provide a level of security appropriate to the risk associated with the processing of your Personal Data. We maintain organizational, technical, and administrative measures designed to protect the Personal Data covered by this Policy from unauthorized access, destruction, loss, alteration, or misuse. Learn More . Unfortunately, no data transmission or storage system can be guaranteed to be 100% secure. We encourage you to assist us in protecting your Personal Data. If you hold a Stripe account, you can do so by using a strong password, safeguarding your password against unauthorized use, and avoiding using identical login credentials you use for other services or accounts for your Stripe account. If you suspect that your interaction with us is no longer secure (for instance, you believe that your Stripe account's security has been compromised), please contact us immediately. We retain your Personal Data for as long as we continue to provide the Services to you or our Business Users, or for a period in which we reasonably foresee continuing to provide the Services. Even after we stop providing Services directly to you or to a Business User that you're doing business with, and even after you close your Stripe account or complete a transaction with a Business User, we may continue to retain your Personal Data to: Comply with our legal and regulatory obligations; Enable fraud monitoring, detection, and prevention activities; and Comply with our tax, accounting, and financial reporting obligations, including when such retention is required by our contractual agreements with our Financial Partners (and where data retention is mandated by the payment methods you've used). In cases where we keep your Personal Data, we do so in accordance with any limitation periods and record retention obligations imposed by applicable law. Learn More . 6. International Data Transfers As a global business, it's sometimes necessary for us to transfer your Personal Data to countries other than your own, including the United States. These countries might have data protection regulations that are different from those in your country. When transferring data across borders, we take measures to comply with applicable data protection laws related to such transfer. In certain situations, we may be required to disclose Personal Data in response to lawful requests from officials, such as law enforcement or security authorities. Learn More . If you are located in the European Economic Area (“EEA”), the United Kingdom ("UK"), or Switzerland, please refer to our Privacy Center for additional details. When a data transfer mechanism is mandated by applicable law, we employ one or more of the following: Transfers to certain countries or recipients that are recognized as having an adequate level of protection for Personal Data under applicable law. EU Standard Contractual Clauses approved by the Europe | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dev.to/t/cpp/page/144 | C++ Page 144 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close C++ Follow Hide Official tag for the C++ programming language. Create Post submission guidelines Articles and discussions should be directly related to the C++ programming language. (Not to be confused with C (#c) , Objective C (#objectivec) , or C# (#csharp) ) Questions are encouraged! (See the #help tag) Be careful when criticizing C++ as a language or platform; most such complaints are old news. Criticisms are permitted, but please keep such discussions polite and objective. about #cpp C++ is a compiled programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1985. It offers features of imperative, object-oriented, and generic programming. The current language standard is C++20 . Documentation cppreference.com CPlusPlus.com Compilers Clang/LLVM GCC Microsoft Visual C++ Complete list... Older #cpp posts 141 142 143 144 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Gabor Szabo for Code Maven Posted on Jan 12, 2023 Welcome to Code-Maven # news I have been publishing on the Code Maven web site for several year and on DEV for some time. I just created the Code Maven organization here to experiment with this feature. Welcome to my first post! Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow I'm a friendly, non-dev, cisgender guy from NC who enjoys playing music/making noise, hiking, eating veggies, and hanging out with my best friend/wife + our 3 kitties + 1 greyhound. Email mct3545@gmail.com Location North Carolina Education BFA in Creative Writing Pronouns he/him Work Senior Community Manager at DEV Joined Oct 24, 2017 • Jan 13 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Very nice! I'm eager to hear your take on our org features. I know we're looking to make some changes here very soon, so don't hold back on dropping any feature requests. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . 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https://dev.to/lacolaco/building-browser-extensions-with-wxt-angular-kfj#comments | Building Browser Extensions with WXT + Angular - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Suguru Inatomi Posted on Jan 12 • Originally published at blog.lacolaco.net on Jan 12 Building Browser Extensions with WXT + Angular # angular # typescript # web # extensions I created a starter template for developing browser extensions by combining WXT and Angular. You can efficiently develop extensions for multiple browsers including Chrome and Firefox using Angular’s latest features. lacolaco / wxt-angular-starter Browser extension starter template using WXT and Angular WXT + Angular Starter A browser extension starter template using WXT and Angular . Features Angular 21 with zoneless change detection Tailwind CSS v4 for styling WXT for cross-browser extension development Vite 7 powered build system TypeScript with strict mode Quick Start # Clone the repository git clone https://github.com/user/wxt-angular-starter.git cd wxt-angular-starter # Install dependencies pnpm install # Start development server (Chrome) pnpm dev # Start development server (Firefox) pnpm dev:firefox Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Available Scripts Script Description pnpm dev Start dev server for Chrome pnpm dev:firefox Start dev server for Firefox pnpm build Build for Chrome pnpm build:firefox Build for Firefox pnpm zip Build and package for Chrome pnpm zip:firefox Build and package for Firefox pnpm compile Type-check without emitting Project Structure ├── entrypoints/ │ ├── popup/ # Angular popup entrypoint │ │ ├── index.html │ │ ├── main.ts # Angular bootstrap │ │ ├── app.ts # Root component │ │ └── style.css … View on GitHub What is WXT https://wxt.dev/ WXT is a framework that streamlines browser extension development. Built on Vite, it provides a comfortable development experience with fast HMR (Hot Module Replacement) and a file-based manifest auto-generation system. Particularly useful is its ability to generate extensions for multiple browsers including Chrome, Firefox, Edge, and Safari from a single codebase. It supports both Manifest V2 and V3, absorbing browser-specific differences. Building Browser Extensions with Angular For the UI part of browser extensions, you’ll be loading HTML. WXT officially supports several libraries. When you run the wxt init command, you can choose templates like Vanilla, React, or Vue, but there’s no Angular template yet. However, the setup isn’t too difficult - you can simply configure Angular on top of the Vanilla base. Note that to run Angular with Vite, you need the @analogjs/vite-plugin-angular plugin. This plugin is provided by the AnalogJS project and enables Angular to work within the Vite ecosystem. https://www.npmjs.com/package/@analogjs/vite-plugin-angular Project Structure The starter template has the following structure: ├── entrypoints/ │ ├── popup/ # Angular popup interface │ │ ├── index.html │ │ ├── main.ts # Angular bootstrap │ │ ├── app.ts # Root component │ │ └── style.css # Tailwind CSS │ ├── background.ts # Background script │ └── content.ts # Content script ├── wxt.config.ts # WXT configuration ├── tsconfig.json # Base TypeScript config └── [tsconfig.app](http://tsconfig.app/).json # Angular-specific config Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In WXT, manifests are automatically generated from files in the entrypoints directory. The popup directory serves as the entry point for the Angular application, while background.ts and content.ts can be written in plain TypeScript. Setup Steps Here are the steps to build from scratch. 1. Initialize WXT Project First, create a WXT project: pnpm dlx wxt@latest init my-extension cd my-extension Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Install Dependencies Install Angular core and build tools: # Angular core pnpm add @angular/core @angular/common @angular/compiler @angular/platform-browser rxjs # Build tools pnpm add -D @analogjs/vite-plugin-angular @angular/build @angular/compiler-cli # Tailwind CSS (optional) pnpm add -D tailwindcss @tailwindcss/vite Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Pin Vite Version Since @analogjs/vite-plugin-angular requires Vite 7.x, pin the version in package.json : { "pnpm": { "overrides": { "vite": "^7.3.0" } } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode After adding this, run pnpm install to apply the version. 4. Configure WXT Configure Vite plugins in wxt.config.ts : import { defineConfig } from 'wxt'; import angular from '@analogjs/vite-plugin-angular'; import tailwindcss from '@tailwindcss/vite'; export default defineConfig({ vite: () => ({ resolve: { mainFields: ['module'], // Prioritize ESM }, plugins: [ angular({ tsconfig: '[tsconfig.app](http://tsconfig.app/).json', // Limit Angular compilation to specific entrypoints transformFilter: (_code: string, id: string) => { return id.includes('/entrypoints/popup/'); }, }), tailwindcss(), ], }), }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The key is the transformFilter configuration. This ensures that only files in the entrypoints/popup/ directory are processed by the Angular compiler. Background and content scripts are treated as plain TypeScript, allowing coexistence of code that doesn’t use Angular. 5. Configure TypeScript Separate project-wide configuration from Angular-specific configuration. tsconfig.json (project-wide): { "extends": "./.wxt/tsconfig.json", "compilerOptions": { "experimentalDecorators": true, "useDefineForClassFields": false }, "angularCompilerOptions": { "strictInjectionParameters": true, "strictInputAccessModifiers": true, "strictTemplates": true } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode tsconfig.app.json (Angular-specific): { "compilerOptions": { "target": "ES2022", "module": "ES2022", "moduleResolution": "bundler", "lib": ["ES2022", "DOM"], "strict": true, "experimentalDecorators": true, "useDefineForClassFields": false, "skipLibCheck": true, "isolatedModules": true }, "angularCompilerOptions": { "strictInjectionParameters": true, "strictInputAccessModifiers": true, "strictTemplates": true }, "include": ["entrypoints/popup/**/*.ts"] } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The include limits the files processed by the Angular compiler. If you want to use Angular in other entrypoints like options pages, add them here. 6. Create Angular Popup Finally, create the entry point for the Angular application. entrypoints/popup/index.html : <!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>My Extension</title> <meta name="manifest.type" content="browser_action" /> </head> <body> <app-root></app-root> <script type="module" src="./main.ts"></script> </body> </html> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode entrypoints/popup/main.ts : import './style.css'; import { bootstrapApplication } from '@angular/platform-browser'; import { provideZonelessChangeDetection } from '@angular/core'; import { App } from './app'; bootstrapApplication(App, { providers: [provideZonelessChangeDetection()], }).catch((err: unknown) => console.error(err)); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode entrypoints/popup/app.ts : import { ChangeDetectionStrategy, Component } from '@angular/core'; @Component({ selector: 'app-root', changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush, host: { class: 'block p-4' }, template: ` <h1 class="text-lg font-bold">Hello from Angular!</h1> `, }) export class App {} Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode entrypoints/popup/style.css : @import 'tailwindcss'; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Since we’re now on Angular v21, I’m using provideZonelessChangeDetection() to enable change detection without Zone.js. In limited environments like browser extensions, Zone.js overhead is often wasteful, so this reduces bundle size and minimizes runtime overhead. Development and Build Once setup is complete, you can start the development server: # Chrome dev server pnpm dev # Firefox dev server pnpm dev:firefox Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode For production builds and packaging: # Chrome build pnpm build # Firefox build and ZIP pnpm zip:firefox Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Summary Combining WXT and Angular enables modern browser extension development. The appeal is being able to leverage both WXT’s excellent developer experience and Angular’s powerful features. Using this starter template, you can start development immediately without the setup hassle. The repository mentioned at the beginning is published as a GitHub template repository, so if you’re interested, click Use this template on the repository to create your own browser extension. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Suguru Inatomi Follow Google Developers Expert for Angular / Lead of Japan Angular User Group Location Tokyo, Japan Joined Nov 16, 2017 More from Suguru Inatomi Understanding Angular Ivy Library Compilation # angular # ivy Angular: Using NgRx Store with Redux Toolkit 🚀 # angular # ngrx # statemanagement # redux Angular: Eliminate Render Blocking Requests の概要 # angular # angularcli # performance # japanese 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Tássio Virgínio Tássio Virgínio Tássio Virgínio Follow Jan 11 try-rs: Control your experiment and project folders. # tui # cli # multiplatform # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Connecting LLMs to my debugging flow to fix a memory crash Dvir Segal Dvir Segal Dvir Segal Follow Jan 10 Connecting LLMs to my debugging flow to fix a memory crash # programming # debugging # artificialintelligen # llm Comments Add Comment 3 min read Python Obfuscation: From Readable to Untraceable lyric0x10 lyric0x10 lyric0x10 Follow Jan 10 Python Obfuscation: From Readable to Untraceable # showdev # python # security # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Accelerate Fluid Simulator Aditya Singh Aditya Singh Aditya Singh Follow Jan 10 Accelerate Fluid Simulator # simulation # programming # beginners # learning Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Start Becoming a Programmer Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Follow Jan 11 How to Start Becoming a Programmer # career # codenewbie # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read How Rube MCP Solves Context Overload When Using Hundreds of MCP Servers Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for Composio Jan 12 How Rube MCP Solves Context Overload When Using Hundreds of MCP Servers # mcp # productivity # programming # ai 18 reactions Comments Add Comment 17 min read Building a Content-First Web Runtime (UI as a Lens, Not a Template) Sui Gn Sui Gn Sui Gn Follow Jan 11 Building a Content-First Web Runtime (UI as a Lens, Not a Template) # webdev # programming # ai # javascript Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Built a Small HTTP Server in C to Understand How the Web Actually Works CodewithEVILXD CodewithEVILXD CodewithEVILXD Follow Jan 10 I Built a Small HTTP Server in C to Understand How the Web Actually Works # discuss # programming # coding Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/mwolfhoffman/supabase-vs-firebase-pricing-and-when-to-use-which-5hhp#main-content | Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Michael Wolf Hoffman Posted on Jan 22, 2022 Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which # sql # webdev # firebase # database Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which Supabase recently appeared on the scene as an attempt to be an open source alternative to Firebase. It's a great product and I've used it in many projects already. I've written about it here and here . The main difference between Supabase vs Firebase is that Supabase is a SQL database that utilized postgres and Firebase uses a NoSQL document data store. On my current side project I recently replaced Supabase for Firebase. I'll get into why and some of the pricing differences to consider. Consideration for Supabase vs Firebase Firebase has more features, for now For one, Firebase has been around much longer than Supabase and thus has more features. You can host your app on Firebase, you can also write cloud functions. (Currently I believe Supabase has cloud functions in beta). Both have great options for objects storage, authentication, and most things you will need as a backend as a service product. Also, while Supabase is not yet a perfect 1:1 mapping of Firebase, they do seem to be very quickly puting out new features to more closely match Firebase's offerings. SQL vs NoSQL This is a big one that I've been considering more. I enjoy relational data and my brain allows me to think about the relationships that SQL allows better than NoSQL document or key/value stores. I've been doing more of a deep dive into NoSQL and learning about how to structure data with it lately. With my research, I have decided that for small side projects and MVPs, I will be going with Firebase over Supabase if I truly don't need my data to be relational. NoSQL (firebase) can often be structured in a way that is more efficient than SQL. There are drawbacks however. Because you can't write complex queries and joins, you do have to consider how you might want to query your data in the future. This can be a difficult task. Once you have correctly anticipated the queries your application will need in the future, you actually duplicate that data into another document or collection in the NoSQL data store. Of course, now you have multiple places to update data too! This sounds like a headache, but with some practice it's actually pretty easy to catch on fast. After learning some more about how to structure documents in a NoSQL datastore, this performance and scalability is why I have decided that I will typically use Firebase over Supabase. The other reason is price. Pricing Another consideration for the Supabase vs Firebase debate is pricing. Both services offer a generous free tier. But what makes pricing considerations difficult is that scalability always has to be kept in mind. First, let's go over what each service offers for free in terms of a database and authentication (the two most used services by each) per month. Supabase: You get 3 free projects. You get 500 MB of storage. You get 10,000 users through their authentication service. Firebase: You get unlimited free projects. You get 1 GB of storage. You get 10,000 users through their authentication service. Firebase does charge for ingress and egress too. So you get 20,000 free writes per day and 50,000 free reads per day. Which to choose Ultimately, when I think about how my projects are going to scale (if they ever needed to) and what I am going to use them for, often NoSQL is just fine for my use cases and I get a better deal with Firebase. This is because my projects don't often scale to over 20,000 writes per day or 50,000 reads per day. And even if they do, the price is comparable with Supabase's next tier. This decision allows me to save my limited supabase free projects for when I really need a relational database. Top comments (6) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Rashim Narayan Tiku Rashim Narayan Tiku Rashim Narayan Tiku Follow Joined Jan 21, 2023 • Apr 4 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You haven't added the biggest price factor for Supabase which is "Bandwidth" and "DB scalability". "Bandwidth": You won't run out of MAUs or DB storage, but you would easily cross the 5gb bandwidth mark, after which 25$ plan is your only option. "DB scalability": Free tier gives you micro DB which has very less concurrent connections allowed, scaling it again will cost you paid plan + extra compute costs. Supabase have very smartly advertised to bring in customers, but you realize after you get in that "there's no such thing as a free lunch". Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand shaoyanji shaoyanji shaoyanji Follow Joined Mar 19, 2024 • Apr 21 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide pssssst....pocketbase Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nicolò Curioni Nicolò Curioni Nicolò Curioni Follow I’m an Italian iOS developer. Education Tradate (VA), Italy Work Full time iOS developer Joined Apr 14, 2022 • Apr 14 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, interesting post, but I have a question, I’m developing a diary app, for iOS/iPadOS and also macOS/watchOS, but I’m uncertain if use Firebase or Supabase. My app let the end user’s to edit the note content, with textView text styles, like different colors, fonts, formats and also add images inside the text, but, can I use Firebase or Supabase? Have you some advice’s? Thanks, Nicolò Curioni iOS Developer Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Matthew Harris Matthew Harris Matthew Harris Follow Aspiring Ionic app developer Location Digital Nomad Work Developer at Self Employed Joined Jul 9, 2019 • Sep 3 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes you can store both easily. There is a limitation with the nosql firebase that each record can be a maximum of 1mb (I think thats the limit). That is a ton of text to allow per note but its worth considering. You can also split a document over multiple records with a bit of creative coding, if you do need to go beyond those extreme limits. If you want to learn more about strategies for nosql I would recommend looking up Fireship on YouTube who has some good videos. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand neonitus neonitus neonitus Follow Joined Aug 20, 2023 • Aug 20 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, Thanks for the post. I however have a question about authentication. If my app uses social authentication, firebase offers only 50k MAU while the pro plan for Supabase offers 100K MAUs. Would you then prefer to use Supabase Auth and Firestore DB? How would you approach this problem where you are going to have a lot of users using the app(+100,000 per month) and you want the power of RDBMS because you want to build an analytical platform for your app and app transactions? Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand codingjlu codingjlu codingjlu Follow Joined Jun 15, 2021 • May 29 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for the great article! I was searching this on Google because I wanted to see the pricing comparison, and you've covered that just well. Thanks again! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Location Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Work Software Engineer Joined Apr 30, 2020 More from Michael Wolf Hoffman Where to Publish Plugins, Add-ons, and Extensions for Software Engineers and Entrepreneurs # webdev # startup # saas # career How to Use React + Supabase Pt 2: Working with the Database # react # webdev # javascript # programming How To Use React + Supabase Pt 1: Setting Up a Project and Supabase Authentication # react # webdev # javascript # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/lacolaco/building-browser-extensions-with-wxt-angular-kfj | Building Browser Extensions with WXT + Angular - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Suguru Inatomi Posted on Jan 12 • Originally published at blog.lacolaco.net on Jan 12 Building Browser Extensions with WXT + Angular # angular # typescript # web # extensions I created a starter template for developing browser extensions by combining WXT and Angular. You can efficiently develop extensions for multiple browsers including Chrome and Firefox using Angular’s latest features. lacolaco / wxt-angular-starter Browser extension starter template using WXT and Angular WXT + Angular Starter A browser extension starter template using WXT and Angular . Features Angular 21 with zoneless change detection Tailwind CSS v4 for styling WXT for cross-browser extension development Vite 7 powered build system TypeScript with strict mode Quick Start # Clone the repository git clone https://github.com/user/wxt-angular-starter.git cd wxt-angular-starter # Install dependencies pnpm install # Start development server (Chrome) pnpm dev # Start development server (Firefox) pnpm dev:firefox Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Available Scripts Script Description pnpm dev Start dev server for Chrome pnpm dev:firefox Start dev server for Firefox pnpm build Build for Chrome pnpm build:firefox Build for Firefox pnpm zip Build and package for Chrome pnpm zip:firefox Build and package for Firefox pnpm compile Type-check without emitting Project Structure ├── entrypoints/ │ ├── popup/ # Angular popup entrypoint │ │ ├── index.html │ │ ├── main.ts # Angular bootstrap │ │ ├── app.ts # Root component │ │ └── style.css … View on GitHub What is WXT https://wxt.dev/ WXT is a framework that streamlines browser extension development. Built on Vite, it provides a comfortable development experience with fast HMR (Hot Module Replacement) and a file-based manifest auto-generation system. Particularly useful is its ability to generate extensions for multiple browsers including Chrome, Firefox, Edge, and Safari from a single codebase. It supports both Manifest V2 and V3, absorbing browser-specific differences. Building Browser Extensions with Angular For the UI part of browser extensions, you’ll be loading HTML. WXT officially supports several libraries. When you run the wxt init command, you can choose templates like Vanilla, React, or Vue, but there’s no Angular template yet. However, the setup isn’t too difficult - you can simply configure Angular on top of the Vanilla base. Note that to run Angular with Vite, you need the @analogjs/vite-plugin-angular plugin. This plugin is provided by the AnalogJS project and enables Angular to work within the Vite ecosystem. https://www.npmjs.com/package/@analogjs/vite-plugin-angular Project Structure The starter template has the following structure: ├── entrypoints/ │ ├── popup/ # Angular popup interface │ │ ├── index.html │ │ ├── main.ts # Angular bootstrap │ │ ├── app.ts # Root component │ │ └── style.css # Tailwind CSS │ ├── background.ts # Background script │ └── content.ts # Content script ├── wxt.config.ts # WXT configuration ├── tsconfig.json # Base TypeScript config └── [tsconfig.app](http://tsconfig.app/).json # Angular-specific config Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In WXT, manifests are automatically generated from files in the entrypoints directory. The popup directory serves as the entry point for the Angular application, while background.ts and content.ts can be written in plain TypeScript. Setup Steps Here are the steps to build from scratch. 1. Initialize WXT Project First, create a WXT project: pnpm dlx wxt@latest init my-extension cd my-extension Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Install Dependencies Install Angular core and build tools: # Angular core pnpm add @angular/core @angular/common @angular/compiler @angular/platform-browser rxjs # Build tools pnpm add -D @analogjs/vite-plugin-angular @angular/build @angular/compiler-cli # Tailwind CSS (optional) pnpm add -D tailwindcss @tailwindcss/vite Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Pin Vite Version Since @analogjs/vite-plugin-angular requires Vite 7.x, pin the version in package.json : { "pnpm": { "overrides": { "vite": "^7.3.0" } } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode After adding this, run pnpm install to apply the version. 4. Configure WXT Configure Vite plugins in wxt.config.ts : import { defineConfig } from 'wxt'; import angular from '@analogjs/vite-plugin-angular'; import tailwindcss from '@tailwindcss/vite'; export default defineConfig({ vite: () => ({ resolve: { mainFields: ['module'], // Prioritize ESM }, plugins: [ angular({ tsconfig: '[tsconfig.app](http://tsconfig.app/).json', // Limit Angular compilation to specific entrypoints transformFilter: (_code: string, id: string) => { return id.includes('/entrypoints/popup/'); }, }), tailwindcss(), ], }), }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The key is the transformFilter configuration. This ensures that only files in the entrypoints/popup/ directory are processed by the Angular compiler. Background and content scripts are treated as plain TypeScript, allowing coexistence of code that doesn’t use Angular. 5. Configure TypeScript Separate project-wide configuration from Angular-specific configuration. tsconfig.json (project-wide): { "extends": "./.wxt/tsconfig.json", "compilerOptions": { "experimentalDecorators": true, "useDefineForClassFields": false }, "angularCompilerOptions": { "strictInjectionParameters": true, "strictInputAccessModifiers": true, "strictTemplates": true } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode tsconfig.app.json (Angular-specific): { "compilerOptions": { "target": "ES2022", "module": "ES2022", "moduleResolution": "bundler", "lib": ["ES2022", "DOM"], "strict": true, "experimentalDecorators": true, "useDefineForClassFields": false, "skipLibCheck": true, "isolatedModules": true }, "angularCompilerOptions": { "strictInjectionParameters": true, "strictInputAccessModifiers": true, "strictTemplates": true }, "include": ["entrypoints/popup/**/*.ts"] } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The include limits the files processed by the Angular compiler. If you want to use Angular in other entrypoints like options pages, add them here. 6. Create Angular Popup Finally, create the entry point for the Angular application. entrypoints/popup/index.html : <!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>My Extension</title> <meta name="manifest.type" content="browser_action" /> </head> <body> <app-root></app-root> <script type="module" src="./main.ts"></script> </body> </html> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode entrypoints/popup/main.ts : import './style.css'; import { bootstrapApplication } from '@angular/platform-browser'; import { provideZonelessChangeDetection } from '@angular/core'; import { App } from './app'; bootstrapApplication(App, { providers: [provideZonelessChangeDetection()], }).catch((err: unknown) => console.error(err)); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode entrypoints/popup/app.ts : import { ChangeDetectionStrategy, Component } from '@angular/core'; @Component({ selector: 'app-root', changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush, host: { class: 'block p-4' }, template: ` <h1 class="text-lg font-bold">Hello from Angular!</h1> `, }) export class App {} Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode entrypoints/popup/style.css : @import 'tailwindcss'; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Since we’re now on Angular v21, I’m using provideZonelessChangeDetection() to enable change detection without Zone.js. In limited environments like browser extensions, Zone.js overhead is often wasteful, so this reduces bundle size and minimizes runtime overhead. Development and Build Once setup is complete, you can start the development server: # Chrome dev server pnpm dev # Firefox dev server pnpm dev:firefox Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode For production builds and packaging: # Chrome build pnpm build # Firefox build and ZIP pnpm zip:firefox Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Summary Combining WXT and Angular enables modern browser extension development. The appeal is being able to leverage both WXT’s excellent developer experience and Angular’s powerful features. Using this starter template, you can start development immediately without the setup hassle. The repository mentioned at the beginning is published as a GitHub template repository, so if you’re interested, click Use this template on the repository to create your own browser extension. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Suguru Inatomi Follow Google Developers Expert for Angular / Lead of Japan Angular User Group Location Tokyo, Japan Joined Nov 16, 2017 More from Suguru Inatomi Understanding Angular Ivy Library Compilation # angular # ivy Angular: Using NgRx Store with Redux Toolkit 🚀 # angular # ngrx # statemanagement # redux Angular: Eliminate Render Blocking Requests の概要 # angular # angularcli # performance # japanese 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # project Follow Hide Create Post Older #project posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu ByteBuddies: Creating an Interactive Animated Pet with Python and Tkinter Pranjal Sailwal Pranjal Sailwal Pranjal Sailwal Follow Aug 20 '24 ByteBuddies: Creating an Interactive Animated Pet with Python and Tkinter # python # github # project 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read 5 Project Planning Tools You Need to Succeed in Any Business [With Examples] Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Aug 21 '24 5 Project Planning Tools You Need to Succeed in Any Business [With Examples] # projectmanagement # project # planning # tools 1 reaction Comments 3 comments 5 min read Introducing MindMate: A Mental Health Companion Powered by AI Aviral Garg Aviral Garg Aviral Garg Follow Aug 9 '24 Introducing MindMate: A Mental Health Companion Powered by AI # ai # openai # chatgpt # project 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Top Project Management Software for Mac Users: What to Choose Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Aug 6 '24 Top Project Management Software for Mac Users: What to Choose # projectmanagement # project # mac # software 5 reactions Comments 4 comments 5 min read Comparing MS Project Installed and MS Project Online for Software Development Project Management Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Aug 5 '24 Comparing MS Project Installed and MS Project Online for Software Development Project Management # projectmanagement # softwaredevelopment # software # project 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read The Essence & Impact of Pre-Designed Templates in Software Development Project Management Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Aug 2 '24 The Essence & Impact of Pre-Designed Templates in Software Development Project Management # projectmanagement # project # softwaredevelopment # templates 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 4 min read Boost Workflow Processes With 5 Software Development Project Scheduling Solutions Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Thomas H. Young Follow Jul 12 '24 Boost Workflow Processes With 5 Software Development Project Scheduling Solutions # project # projectmanagemet # scheduling # software 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to Build a Minimum Advertised Price (MAP) Monitoring Tool Scrapfly Scrapfly Scrapfly Follow for Scrapfly May 3 '24 How to Build a Minimum Advertised Price (MAP) Monitoring Tool # project # python Comments Add Comment 9 min read I Used to Hate Writing Jira Tickets, Before I Start Doing This eX7r3me eX7r3me eX7r3me Follow May 12 '24 I Used to Hate Writing Jira Tickets, Before I Start Doing This # productivity # software # project # jira 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read An Excellent Online Gantt Chart Creation Tool vic vic vic Follow Mar 14 '24 An Excellent Online Gantt Chart Creation Tool # gantt # project # management Comments Add Comment 1 min read "Color Maze" - an accidental project Joel Jaison Joel Jaison Joel Jaison Follow Mar 30 '24 "Color Maze" - an accidental project # project # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read My React Personal Project and How I did It? 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Sk Imtiaz Ahmed Sk Imtiaz Ahmed Sk Imtiaz Ahmed Follow Mar 24 '24 Announcing Interative: Finally a side project I can commit to! # ai # genai # storytelling # project Comments Add Comment 3 min read Empower Your Nest Project: Bringing it Online in Your Local Network Haris Shaikh Haris Shaikh Haris Shaikh Follow Feb 15 '24 Empower Your Nest Project: Bringing it Online in Your Local Network # local # network # nest # project Comments Add Comment 3 min read Private Deployment Gantt chart Project management tools vic vic vic Follow Mar 15 '24 Private Deployment Gantt chart Project management tools # deploy # gantt # project # plan Comments Add Comment 2 min read 6 Best Project Management Templates for Software Development Teams Brandon Foster Brandon Foster Brandon Foster Follow Dec 29 '23 6 Best Project Management Templates for Software Development Teams # project # management # webdev # softwaredevelopment 5 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read What are Epics in Agile Project Management? Brandon Foster Brandon Foster Brandon Foster Follow Dec 20 '23 What are Epics in Agile Project Management? # epics # project # agile # scrum Comments 1 comment 6 min read The Impact of AI on Project Management: How Can PMs Stay Relevant? Brandon Foster Brandon Foster Brandon Foster Follow Dec 17 '23 The Impact of AI on Project Management: How Can PMs Stay Relevant? # ai # project # management Comments 1 comment 5 min read Responsive CSS Art For Beginners With Source Code Danial Habib Danial Habib Danial Habib Follow Nov 22 '23 Responsive CSS Art For Beginners With Source Code # webdev # css # tutorial # project 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Top 10 Django Projects For Beginners With Source Code as Student Nilesh Raut Nilesh Raut Nilesh Raut Follow Sep 30 '23 Top 10 Django Projects For Beginners With Source Code as Student # project 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How To Prepare For When A Key Employee Gets "Hit by a Bus" Stout Systems Stout Systems Stout Systems Follow Jul 10 '23 How To Prepare For When A Key Employee Gets "Hit by a Bus" # project # management # code # documentation Comments Add Comment 6 min read Restaurant Mobile App using flutter realNameHidden realNameHidden realNameHidden Follow Jul 2 '23 Restaurant Mobile App using flutter # flutter # dart # project 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read flutter project currency converter realNameHidden realNameHidden realNameHidden Follow Jun 13 '23 flutter project currency converter # flutter # project # dart 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read random quote generator using flutter realNameHidden realNameHidden realNameHidden Follow Jun 12 '23 random quote generator using flutter # flutter # dart # project # generator 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Project: AWS containerized webserver management using Docker and Ansible Liz Benton Liz Benton Liz Benton Follow Jun 7 '23 Project: AWS containerized webserver management using Docker and Ansible # aws # ansible # docker # project Comments Add Comment 10 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/thukhakyawe_cloud/day-32-snapshot-and-restoration-of-an-rds-instance-5ha7 | Day 32: Snapshot and Restoration of an RDS Instance - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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Report Abuse Thu Kha Kyawe Posted on Jan 4 Day 32: Snapshot and Restoration of an RDS Instance # aws # 100daysofcloudaws 100DaysofCloud(AWS) (38 Part Series) 1 Day 1.Create Key Pair 2 Day 2.Create Security Group ... 34 more parts... 3 Day 3.Create Subnet 4 Day 4.Allocate Elastic IP 5 Day 5.Create GP3 Volume 6 Day 6.Launch EC2 Instance 7 Day 7.Change EC2 Instance Type 8 Day 8.Enable Stop Protection for EC2 Instance 9 Day 9.Enable Termination Protection for EC2 Instance 10 Day 10.Attach Elastic IP to EC2 Instance 11 Day 11.Attach Elastic Network Interface to EC2 Instance 12 Day 12.Attach Volume to EC2 Instance 13 Day 13.Create AMI from EC2 Instance 14 Day 14.Terminate EC2 Instance 15 Day 15.Create Volume Snapshot 16 Day 16.Create IAM User 17 Day 17.Create IAM Group 18 Day 18.Create Read-Only IAM Policy for EC2 Console Access 19 Day 19.Attach IAM Policy to IAM User 20 Day 20.Create IAM Role for EC2 with Policy Attachment 21 Day 21.Setting Up an EC2 Instance with an Elastic IP for Application Hosting 22 Day 22.Configuring Secure SSH Access to an EC2 Instance 23 Day 23.Data Migration Between S3 Buckets Using AWS CLI 24 Day 24.Setting Up an Application Load Balancer for an EC2 Instance 25 Day 25.Setting Up an EC2 Instance and CloudWatch Alarm 26 Day 26.Configuring an EC2 Instance as a Web Server with Nginx 27 Day 27.Configuring a Public VPC with an EC2 Instance for Internet Access 28 Day 28: Creating a Private ECR Repository 29 Day 29: Establishing Secure Communication Between Public and Private VPCs via VPC Peering 30 Day 30: Enable Internet Access for Private EC2 using NAT Instance 31 Day 31: Configuring a Private RDS Instance for Application Development 32 Day 32: Snapshot and Restoration of an RDS Instance 33 Day 33: Create a Lambda Function 34 Day 34: Create a Lambda Function Using CLI 35 Day 35: Deploying and Managing Applications on AWS 36 Day 36: Load Balancing EC2 Instances with Application Load Balancer 37 Day 37: Managing EC2 Access with S3 Role-based Permissions 38 Day 38: Deploying Containerized Applications with Amazon ECS Lab Information The Nautilus Development Team is preparing for a major update to their database infrastructure. To ensure a smooth transition and to safeguard data, the team has requested the DevOps team to take a snapshot of the current RDS instance and restore it to a new instance. This process is crucial for testing and validation purposes before the update is rolled out to the production environment. The snapshot will serve as a backup, and the new instance will be used to verify that the backup process works correctly and that the application can function seamlessly with the restored data. As a member of the Nautilus DevOps Team, your task is to perform the following: Take a Snapshot: Take a snapshot of the devops-rds RDS instance and name it devops-snapshot (please wait devops-rds instance to be in available state). Restore the Snapshot: Restore the snapshot to a new RDS instance named devops-snapshot-restore. Configure the New RDS Instance: Ensure that the new RDS instance has a class of db.t3.micro. Verify the New RDS Instance: The new RDS instance must be in the Available state upon completion of the restoration process. Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Lab Solutions 🔹 Step 1: Ensure Source RDS is Available Open AWS Console → RDS Click Databases Confirm devops-rds status is Available ⚠️ If it’s not Available, wait before proceeding. 🔹 Step 2: Create RDS Snapshot Select devops-rds Click Actions → Take snapshot Enter: Snapshot name: devops-snapshot Click Take snapshot Wait: Go to Snapshots Ensure devops-snapshot status becomes Available 🔹 Step 3: Restore Snapshot to New RDS Instance Go to Snapshots Select devops-snapshot Click Actions → Restore snapshot 🔹 Step 4: Configure Restored RDS Instance On the restore page: DB instance settings DB instance identifier: devops-snapshot-restore Instance configuration DB instance class: db.t3.micro Connectivity Public access: ❌ No (keep private) Other settings Leave all other options as default Click Restore DB instance 🔹 Step 5: Wait for Completion Go back to Databases Select devops-snapshot-restore Wait until Status = Available ⏳ This may take several minutes. Resources & Next Steps 📦 Full Code Repository: KodeKloud Learning Labs 📖 More Deep Dives: Whispering Cloud Insights - Read other technical articles 💬 Join Discussion: DEV Community - Share your thoughts and questions 💼 Let's Connect: LinkedIn - I'd love to connect with you Credits • All labs are from: KodeKloud • I sincerely appreciate your provision of these valuable resources. 100DaysofCloud(AWS) (38 Part Series) 1 Day 1.Create Key Pair 2 Day 2.Create Security Group ... 34 more parts... 3 Day 3.Create Subnet 4 Day 4.Allocate Elastic IP 5 Day 5.Create GP3 Volume 6 Day 6.Launch EC2 Instance 7 Day 7.Change EC2 Instance Type 8 Day 8.Enable Stop Protection for EC2 Instance 9 Day 9.Enable Termination Protection for EC2 Instance 10 Day 10.Attach Elastic IP to EC2 Instance 11 Day 11.Attach Elastic Network Interface to EC2 Instance 12 Day 12.Attach Volume to EC2 Instance 13 Day 13.Create AMI from EC2 Instance 14 Day 14.Terminate EC2 Instance 15 Day 15.Create Volume Snapshot 16 Day 16.Create IAM User 17 Day 17.Create IAM Group 18 Day 18.Create Read-Only IAM Policy for EC2 Console Access 19 Day 19.Attach IAM Policy to IAM User 20 Day 20.Create IAM Role for EC2 with Policy Attachment 21 Day 21.Setting Up an EC2 Instance with an Elastic IP for Application Hosting 22 Day 22.Configuring Secure SSH Access to an EC2 Instance 23 Day 23.Data Migration Between S3 Buckets Using AWS CLI 24 Day 24.Setting Up an Application Load Balancer for an EC2 Instance 25 Day 25.Setting Up an EC2 Instance and CloudWatch Alarm 26 Day 26.Configuring an EC2 Instance as a Web Server with Nginx 27 Day 27.Configuring a Public VPC with an EC2 Instance for Internet Access 28 Day 28: Creating a Private ECR Repository 29 Day 29: Establishing Secure Communication Between Public and Private VPCs via VPC Peering 30 Day 30: Enable Internet Access for Private EC2 using NAT Instance 31 Day 31: Configuring a Private RDS Instance for Application Development 32 Day 32: Snapshot and Restoration of an RDS Instance 33 Day 33: Create a Lambda Function 34 Day 34: Create a Lambda Function Using CLI 35 Day 35: Deploying and Managing Applications on AWS 36 Day 36: Load Balancing EC2 Instances with Application Load Balancer 37 Day 37: Managing EC2 Access with S3 Role-based Permissions 38 Day 38: Deploying Containerized Applications with Amazon ECS Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Certified in AWS, HashiCorp, and GitHub, I bring both strategic vision and technical expertise to design solutions that support business growth, optimize costs, and enhance operational efficiency. Joined Nov 7, 2025 More from Thu Kha Kyawe Day 38: Deploying Containerized Applications with Amazon ECS # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Day 37: Managing EC2 Access with S3 Role-based Permissions # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Day 36: Load Balancing EC2 Instances with Application Load Balancer # aws # 100daysofcloudaws 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . 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https://dev.to/shubham-theqa | Shubham Joshi - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Shubham Joshi Passionate QA Engineer dedicated to ensuring software quality through meticulous testing. 🚀 Location Pontotoc, Texas, USA Joined Joined on Feb 4, 2025 More info about @shubham-theqa Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Available for Software testing, QA reviews, test planning, and freelance opportunities for both manual and automated testing. Post 57 posts published Comment 1 comment written Tag 30 tags followed Endurance Testing: Ensuring Long-Term Stability Under Continuous Load Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Nov 20 '25 Endurance Testing: Ensuring Long-Term Stability Under Continuous Load # testing # webdev # ai # programming 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Want to connect with Shubham Joshi? Create an account to connect with Shubham Joshi. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Concurrency Testing: Ensuring System Stability Under Parallel Use Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Nov 18 '25 Concurrency Testing: Ensuring System Stability Under Parallel Use # testing # webdev # programming # ai Comments Add Comment 4 min read Record and Playback vs Scriptless Testing: Who Wins in Test Reusability? Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Nov 10 '25 Record and Playback vs Scriptless Testing: Who Wins in Test Reusability? # testing # webdev # ai # programming 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Regression vs Functional Testing: Ensuring Quality from Both Ends Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Nov 5 '25 Regression vs Functional Testing: Ensuring Quality from Both Ends # testing # ai # webdev # programming 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 11 min read The Power of No Code Process Automation in Modern QA Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Oct 2 '25 The Power of No Code Process Automation in Modern QA # webdev # programming # ai # testing 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Destructive Testing: A Brief Guide Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Sep 18 '25 Destructive Testing: A Brief Guide # testing # webdev # programming # ai 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Configuration Testing: A Brief Intro Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Sep 5 '25 Configuration Testing: A Brief Intro # testing # webdev # programming # mobile 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Load Testing – The Process, Tools, Best Practices Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Sep 3 '25 Load Testing – The Process, Tools, Best Practices # testing # ai # webdev # mobile 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Implementing Robust Error Handling in Selenium Tests Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Aug 25 '25 Implementing Robust Error Handling in Selenium Tests # testing # selenium # java # webdev 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read Why Fuzz Testing is Essential for Security Assurance Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Aug 24 '25 Why Fuzz Testing is Essential for Security Assurance # testing # ai # webdev # mobile 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read How Test Case Management Boosts QA Efficiency Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Aug 21 '25 How Test Case Management Boosts QA Efficiency # testing # mobile # webdev # ai 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read How ChatGPT is Reshaping Test Automation in QA and Security Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Aug 14 '25 How ChatGPT is Reshaping Test Automation in QA and Security # testing # ai # chatgpt # gpt3 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Why Every QA Team Should Embrace Automation Testing Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Aug 8 '25 Why Every QA Team Should Embrace Automation Testing # testing # ai # webdev # programming 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read How to Use Scroll in Appium for Mobile App Testing Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Aug 5 '25 How to Use Scroll in Appium for Mobile App Testing # testing # mobile # ai # webdev 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Modern Software Development Trends Every CTO Should Know Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Jul 28 '25 Modern Software Development Trends Every CTO Should Know # webdev # testing # ai # programming 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Why Creating Mobile App Hybrid Architecture Is the Future of Development Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Jul 27 '25 Why Creating Mobile App Hybrid Architecture Is the Future of Development # ai # testing # mobile # webdev 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read How Startups Can Leverage SDLC Automation to Scale Faster Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Jul 24 '25 How Startups Can Leverage SDLC Automation to Scale Faster # testing # webdev # ai # programming 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read DevOps in 2025: Breaking Silos, Boosting Delivery Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Jul 22 '25 DevOps in 2025: Breaking Silos, Boosting Delivery # devops # cicd # programming # agile 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 13 min read Why QA Teams Are Switching to Codeless Automation Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Jul 20 '25 Why QA Teams Are Switching to Codeless Automation # testing # ai # webdev # programming 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Maximizing ROI from Test Automation in Modern Development Teams Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Jul 17 '25 Maximizing ROI from Test Automation in Modern Development Teams # ai # testing # webdev # programming 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Regression Testing: Safeguarding Your Software with Every Release Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Jul 10 '25 Regression Testing: Safeguarding Your Software with Every Release # testing # webdev # programming # ai 16 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Why Visual Testing Matters More Than Ever Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Jun 29 '25 Why Visual Testing Matters More Than Ever # testing # ui # ux # mobile 11 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read Scrum Testing: Enhancing Quality Within Agile Sprints Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Jun 25 '25 Scrum Testing: Enhancing Quality Within Agile Sprints # testing # programming # ai # scrum 15 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read The Future of Open-Source Testing Tools Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Jun 23 '25 The Future of Open-Source Testing Tools # testing # opensource # api # selenium 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Mastering the Fundamentals of iOS App Testing Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Jun 21 '25 Mastering the Fundamentals of iOS App Testing # 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https://stripe.com/nz/privacy | Chat with Stripe sales Privacy Policy Stripe logo Legal Stripe Privacy Policy & Privacy Center Privacy Policy Cookies Policy Data Privacy Framework Service Providers List Data Processing Agreement Supplier Data Processing Agreement Stripe Privacy Center Privacy Policy This Privacy Policy will be updated on January 16, 2026. Please review the upcoming changes here . Last updated: January 16, 2025 This Privacy Policy includes important information about your personal data and we encourage you to read it carefully. Welcome We provide financial infrastructure for the internet. Individuals and businesses of all sizes use our technology and services to facilitate purchases, accept payments, send payouts, and manage online businesses. This Privacy Policy (“Policy”) describes the Personal Data that we collect, how we use and share it, and details on how you can reach us with privacy-related inquiries. The Policy also outlines your rights and choices as a data subject, including the right to object to certain uses of your Personal Data. Depending on the activity, Stripe assumes the role of a “data controller” and/or “data processor” (or “service provider”). For more details about our privacy practices, including our role, the specific Stripe entity responsible under this Policy, and our legal bases for processing your Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . Defined Terms In this Policy, “Stripe”, “we”, “our,” or “us” refers to the Stripe entity responsible for the collection, use, and handling of Personal Data as described in this document. Depending on your jurisdiction, the specific Stripe entity accountable for your Personal Data might vary. Learn More . “Personal Data” refers to any information associated with an identified or identifiable individual, which can include data that you provide to us, and that we collect about you during your interaction with our Services (such as device information, IP address, etc.). “Services” refers to the products, services, devices, and applications, that we provide under the Stripe Services Agreement (“Business Services”) or the Stripe Consumer Terms of Service (“End User Services”); websites (“Sites”) like Stripe.com and Link.com; and other Stripe applications and online services. We provide Business Services to entities (“Business Users”). We provide End User Services directly to individuals for their personal use. “Financial Partners” are financial institutions, banks, and other partners such as payment method acquirers, payout providers, and card networks that we partner with to provide the Services. Depending on the context, “you” might be an End Customer, End User, Representative, or Visitor: End Users. When you use an End User Service, such as saving a payment method with Link, for personal use we refer to you as an “End User.” End Customers. When you are not directly transacting with Stripe, but we receive your Personal Data to provide Services to a Business User, including when you make a purchase from a Business User on a Stripe Checkout page or receive payments from a Business User, we refer to you as an “End Customer.” Representatives. When you are acting on behalf of an existing or potential Business User—perhaps as a company founder, account administrator for a Business User, or a recipient of an employee credit card from a Business User via Stripe Issuing—we refer to you as a “Representative.” Visitors. When you interact with Stripe by visiting a Site without being logged into a Stripe account, or when your interaction with Stripe does not involve you being an End User, End Customer, or Representative, we refer to you as a “Visitor.” For example, you are a Visitor when you send a message to Stripe asking for more information about our Services. In this Policy, “Transaction Data” refers to data collected and used by Stripe to facilitate transactions you request. Some Transaction Data is Personal Data and may include: your name, email address, contact number, billing and shipping address, payment method information (like credit or debit card number, bank account details, or payment card image chosen by you), merchant and location details, amount and date of purchase, and in some instances, information about what was purchased. 1. Personal Data that we collect and how we use and share it 2. More ways we collect, use and share Personal Data 3. Legal bases for processing data 4. Your rights and choices 5. Security and retention 6. International data transfers 7. Updates and notifications 8. Jurisdiction-specific provisions 9. Contact us 10. US Consumer Privacy Notice 1. Personal Data we collect and how we use and share it Our collection and use of Personal Data differs based on whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, and the specific Service that you are using. For example, if you're a sole proprietor who wants to use our Business Services, we may collect your Personal Data to onboard your business; at the same time, you might also be an End Customer if you've bought goods from another Business User that is using our Services for payment processing. You could also be an End User if you used our End User Service, such as Link, for those transactions. 1.1 End Users We provide End User Services when we provide the Services directly to you for your personal use (e.g., Link). Additional details regarding our collection, usage, and sharing of End User Personal Data, including the legal bases we rely on for processing such data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about End Users Using Link or Connecting your bank account . Stripe offers a service called "Link," which allows you to create an account and store information for future interactions with Stripe’s Services and Business Users. You may save a number of different kinds of Personal Data using Link. For instance, you may save your name, payment method details, contact information, and address to conveniently use saved information to pay for transactions across our Business Users. When you choose to pay with Link, we will also collect Transaction Data associated with your transactions. Learn More . You can also share and save bank account details to your Link account using Stripe’s Financial Connections product. When you use Financial Connections, Stripe will periodically collect and process your account information (such as bank account owner information, account balances, account number and details, account transactions, and, in some cases, log-in credentials). You can ask us to cease the collection of such data at any time. Learn More . You can also use your Link account to access services provided by Stripe’s partner businesses, such as Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) services or crypto wallet services. In these situations, we will collect and share additional Personal Data with partner businesses to facilitate your use of such services. You can save this information to your Link account to access similar services in the future. We may also receive certain information about you from partner businesses in connection with the services they provide. Learn More . Finally, you can use Link to store your identity documents (such as your driver’s license) so that you can share them in future interactions with Stripe or its Business Users. Paying Stripe . When you purchase goods or services directly from Stripe, we receive your Transaction Data. For instance, when you make a payment to Stripe Climate, we collect information about the transaction, as well as your contact and payment method details. Identity/Verification Services . We offer an identity verification service that automates the comparison of your identity document (such as a driver’s license) with your image (such as a selfie). You can separately consent to us using your biometric data to enhance our verification technology, with the option to revoke your consent at any time. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Users, including about your online activity and your engagement with our End User Services, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Users Services . We use and share your Personal Data to provide the End User Services to you, which includes support, personalization (such as language preferences and setting choices), and communication about our End User Services (such as communicating Policy updates and information about our Services). For example, Stripe may use cookies and similar technologies or the data you provide to our Business Users (such as when you input your email address on a Business User’s website) to recognize you and help you use Link when visiting our Business User’s website. Learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies in Stripe’s Cookie Policy . Our Business Users. When you use Link to make payments with our Business Users, we share your Personal Data, including name, contact information, payment method details, and Transaction Data with those Business Users. Learn More . You can also direct Stripe to share your saved bank account information and identity documents with Business Users you do business with. Once we share your Personal Data with Business Users, we may process that Personal Data as a Data Processor for those Business Users, as detailed in Section 1.2 of this Policy. You should consult the privacy policies of the Business Users’ you do business with for information on how they use the information shared with them. Fraud Detection and Loss Prevention . We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect fraud and prevent financial losses for you, us, and our Business Users and Financial Partners, including detecting unauthorized purchases. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those that use our fraud prevention-related Business Services (such as Stripe Radar), with Personal Data about you (including your attempted transactions) so that they can assess the fraud or loss risk associated with the transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, we may use your Personal Data, including Transaction Data, to assess your eligibility for, and offer you, other End User Services or promote existing End User Services, including through co-marketing with partners such as Stripe Business Users. Learn more . Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we use and share End User Personal Data with third party partners to allow us to advertise our End User Services to you, including through interest-based advertising, and to track the efficacy of such ads. We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third-party partners, such as advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services to you. Learn more . More . For further information about ways we may use and share End Users' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.2 End Customers Stripe provides various Business Services to our Business Users, which include processing in-person or online payments or payouts for those Business Users. When acting as a service provider—also referred to as a Data Processor—for a Business User, we process End Customer Personal Data in accordance with our agreement with the Business User and the Business User's lawful instructions. This happens, for example, when we process a payment for a Business User because you purchased a product from them, or when the Business User asks us to send you funds. Business Users are responsible for ensuring that the privacy rights of their End Customers are respected, including obtaining appropriate consents and making disclosures about their own data collection and use associated with their products and services. If you're an End Customer, please refer to the privacy policy of the Business User you're doing business with for its privacy practices, choices, and controls. We provide more comprehensive information about our collection, use, and sharing of End Customer Personal Data in our Privacy Center , including the legal bases we rely on for processing your Personal Data. a. Personal Data we collect about End Customers Transaction Data . If you're an End Customer making payments to, receiving refunds or payments from, initiating a purchase or donation, or otherwise transacting with our Business User, whether in-person or online, we receive your Transaction Data. We may also receive your transaction history with the Business User. Learn More . Additionally, we may collect information entered into a checkout form even if you opt not to complete the form or transaction with the Business User. Learn More . A Business User who uses Stripe’s Terminal Service to provide its goods or services to End Customers may use the Terminal Service to collect End Customer Personal Data (like your name, email, phone number, address, signature, or age) in accordance with its own privacy policy. Identity/Verification Information . Stripe provides a verification and fraud prevention Service that our Business Users can use to verify Personal Data about you, such as your authorization to use a particular payment method. During the process, you’d be asked to share with us certain Personal Data (like your government ID and selfie for biometric verification, Personal Data you input, or Personal Data that is apparent from the physical payment method like a credit card image). To protect against fraud and determine if somebody is trying to impersonate you, we may cross-verify this data with information about you that we've collected from Business Users, Financial Partners, business affiliates, identity verification services, publicly available sources, and other third party service providers and sources. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Customers, including about your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Customers To provide our Business Services to our Business Users, we use and share End Customers' Personal Data with them. Where allowed, we also use End Customers' Personal Data for Stripe’s own purposes such as enhancing security, improving and offering our Business Services, and preventing fraud, loss, and other damages, as described further below. Payment processing and accounting . We use your Transaction Data to deliver Payment-related Business Services to Business Users — including online payment transactions processing, sales tax calculation, and invoice, bill, and dispute handling — and to help them determine their revenue, settle their bills, and execute accounting tasks. Learn More . We may also use your Personal Data to provide and improve our Business Services. During payment transactions, your Personal Data is shared with various entities in connection with your transaction. As a service provider or data processor, we share Personal Data to enable transactions as directed by Business Users. For instance, when you choose a payment method for your transaction, we may share your Transaction Data with your bank or other payment method provider, including as necessary to authenticate you, Learn More , process your transaction, prevent fraud, and handle disputes. The Business User you choose to do business with also receives Transaction Data and might share the data with others. Please review your merchant’s, bank’s, and payment method provider’s privacy policies for more information about how they use and share your Personal Data. Financial services . Certain Business Users leverage our Services to offer financial services to you via Stripe or our Financial Partners. For example, a Business User may issue a card product with which you can purchase goods and services. Such cards could carry the brand of Stripe, the bank partner, and/or the Business User. In addition to any Transaction Data we may generate or receive when these cards are used for purchases, we also collect and use your Personal Data to provide and manage these products, including assisting our Business Users in preventing misuse of the cards. Please review the privacy policies of the Business User and, if applicable, our bank partners associated with the financial service (the brands of which may be shown on the card) for more information. Identity/Verification services . We use Personal Data about your identity to perform verification services for Stripe or for the Business Users that you are transacting with, to prevent fraud, and to enhance security. For these purposes we may use Personal Data you provide directly or Personal Data we obtain from our service providers, including for phone verification. Learn More . If you provide a selfie along with an image of your identity document, we may employ biometric technology to compare and calculate whether they match and verify your identity. Learn More . Fraud detection and loss prevention. We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect and prevent losses for you, us, our Business Users, and Financial Partners. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those using our fraud prevention-related Business Services, with your Personal Data (including your attempted transactions) to help them assess the fraud or loss risk associated with a transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Our Business Users (and their authorized third parties). We share End Customers' Personal Data with their respective Business Users and parties directly authorized by those Business Users to receive such data. Here are common examples of such sharing: When a Business User instructs Stripe to provide another Business User with access to its Stripe account, including data related to its End Customers, via Stripe Connect. Sharing information that you have provided to us with a Business User so that we can send payments to you on behalf of that Business User. Sharing information, documents, or images provided by an End Customer with a Business User when the latter uses Stripe Identity, our identity verification Service, to verify the identity of the End Customer. The Business Users you choose to do business with may further share your Personal Data with third parties (like additional third party service providers other than Stripe). Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information. Advertising by Business Users . If you initiate a purchasing process with a Business User, the Business User receives your Personal Data from us in connection with our provision of Services even if you don't finish your purchase. The Business User may use your Personal Data to market and advertise their products or services, subject to the terms of their privacy policy. Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information, including your rights to stop their use of your Personal Data for marketing purposes. More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share End Customers' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.3 Representatives We collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives of Business Users (for example, business owners) to provide our Business Services. For more information about how we collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives, as well as the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Representatives Registration and contact information . When you register for a Stripe account for a Business User (including incorporation of a Business), we collect your name and login credentials. If you register for or attend an event organized by Stripe or sign up to receive Stripe communications, we collect your registration and profile data. As a Representative, we may collect your Personal Data from third parties, including data providers, to advertise, market, and communicate with you as detailed further in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. We may also link a location with you to tailor the Services or information effectively to your needs. Learn More . Identification Information . As a current or potential Business User, an owner of a Business User, or a shareholder, officer, or director of a Business User, we need your contact details, such as name, postal address, telephone number, and email address, to fulfill our Financial Partner and regulatory requirements, verify your identity, and prevent fraudulent activities and harm to the Stripe platform. We collect your Personal Data, such as ownership interest in the Business User, date of birth, government-issued identity documents, and associated identifiers, as well as any history of fraud or misuse, directly from you and/or from publicly available sources, third parties such as credit bureaus and via the Services we provide. Learn More . You may also choose to provide us with bank account information. More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about Representatives, including your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Representatives We typically use the Personal Data of Representatives to provide the Business Services to the corresponding Business Users. The ways we use and share this data are further described below. Business Services . We use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with Business Users to provide the Services requested by you or the Business User you represent. In some instances, we may have to submit your Personal Data to a government entity to provide our Business Services, for purposes such as the incorporation of a business, or calculating and paying applicable sales tax. For our tax-related Business Services, we may use your Personal Data to prepare tax documents and file taxes on behalf of the Business User you represent. For our Atlas business incorporation Services, we may use your Personal Data to submit forms to the IRS on your behalf and file documents with other government authorities, such as articles of incorporation in your state of incorporation. We share Representatives’ Personal Data with parties authorized by the corresponding Business User, such as Financial Partners servicing a financial product, or third party apps or services the Business User chooses to use alongside our Business Services. Here are common examples of such sharing: Payment method providers, like Visa or WeChat Pay, require information about Business Users and their Representatives who accept their payment methods. This information is typically required during the onboarding process or for processing transactions and handling disputes for these Business Users. Learn More . A Business User may authorize Stripe to share your Personal Data with other Business Users to facilitate the provision of Services through Stripe Connect. The use of Personal Data by a third party authorized by a Business User is subject to the third party’s privacy policy. If you are a Business User who has chosen a name that includes Personal Data (for example, a sole proprietorship or family name in a company name), we will use and share such information for the provision of our Services in the same way we do with any company name. This may include, for example, displaying it on receipts and other transaction-identifying descriptions. Fraud detection and loss prevention . We use Representatives’ Personal Data to identify and manage risks that our Business Services might be used for fraudulent activities causing losses to Stripe, End Users, End Customers, Business Users, Financial Partners, and others. We also use information about you obtained from publicly available sources, third parties like credit bureaus and from our Services to address such risks, including to identify patterns of misuse and monitor for terms of service violations. Stripe may share Representatives' Personal Data with Business Users, our Financial Partners, and third party service providers, including phone verification providers, Learn More , to verify the information provided by you and identify risk indicators. Learn More . We also use and share Representatives' Personal Data to conduct due diligence, including conducting anti-money laundering and sanctions screening in accordance with applicable law. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment. However, we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . We may also use your Personal Data, including your Stripe account activity, to evaluate your eligibility for and offer you Business Services or promote existing Business Services. Learn more . More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share Representatives’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.4 Visitors We collect, use, and share the Personal Data of Visitors. More details about how we collect, use, and share Visitors’ Personal Data, along with the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Visitors When you browse our Sites, we receive your Personal Data, either provided directly by you or collected through our use of cookies and similar technologies. See our Cookie Policy for more information. If you opt to complete a form on the Site or third party websites where our advertisements are displayed (like LinkedIn or Facebook), we collect the information you included in the form. This may include your contact information and other information pertaining to your questions about our Services. We may also associate a location with your visit. Learn More . More . Further details about other types of Personal Data that we may collect from Visitors, including your online activity, can be found in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Visitors Personalization . We use the data we collect about you using cookies and similar technologies to measure engagement with the content on the Sites, improve relevancy and navigation, customize your experience (such as language preference and region-specific content), and curate content about Stripe and our Services that's tailored to you. For instance, as not all of our Services are available globally, we may customize our responses based on your region. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Visitors’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . Engagement . As you interact with our Sites, we use the information we collect about and through your devices to provide opportunities for further interactions, such as discussions about Services or interactions with chatbots, to address your questions. More . For more information about additional ways we may use and share Visitors’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 2. More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data In addition to the ways described above, we also process your Personal Data as follows: a. Collection of Personal Data Online Activity . Depending on the Service used and how our Business Services are implemented by the Business Users, we may collect information related to: The devices and browsers you use across our Sites and third party websites, apps, and other online services (“Third Party Sites”). Usage data associated with those devices and browsers and your engagement with our Services, including data elements like IP address, plug-ins, language preference, time spent on Sites and Third Party Sites, pages visited, links clicked, payment methods used, and the pages that led you to our Sites and Third Party Sites. We also collect activity indicators, such as mouse activity indicators, to help us detect fraud. Learn More . See also our Cookie Policy . Communication and Engagement Information . We also collect information you choose to share with us through various channels, such as support tickets, emails, or social media. If you respond to emails or surveys from Stripe, we collect your email address, name, and any other data you opt to include in your email or responses. If you engage with us over the phone, we collect your phone number and any other information you might provide during the call. Calls with Stripe or Stripe representatives may be recorded. Learn More . Additionally, we collect your engagement data, like your registration for, attendance at, or viewing of Stripe events and any other interactions with Stripe personnel. Forums and Discussion Groups . If our Sites allow posting of content, we collect Personal Data that you provide in connection with the post. b. Use of Personal Data. Besides the use of Personal Data described above, we use Personal Data in the ways listed below: Analyzing, Improving, and Developing our Services . We collect and process Personal Data throughout our various Services, whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, to improve our Services, develop new Services, and support our efforts to make our Services more efficient, relevant, and useful to you. Learn More . We may use Personal Data to generate aggregate and statistical information to understand and explain how our Services are used. Examples of how we use Personal Data to analyze, improve, and develop our products and services include: Using analytics on our Sites, including as described in our Cookie Policy, to help us understand your use of our Sites and Services and diagnose technical issues. Training artificial intelligence models to power our Services and protect against fraud and other harm. Learn more . Analyzing and drawing inferences from Transaction Data to reduce costs, fraud, and disputes and increase authentication and authorization rates for Stripe and our Business Users. Communications . We use the contact information we have about you to deliver our Services, Learn More , which may involve sending codes via SMS for your authentication. Learn More . If you are an End User, Representative, or Visitor, we may communicate with you using the contact information we have about you to provide information about our Services and our affiliates’ services, invite you to participate in our events, surveys, or user research, or otherwise communicate with you for marketing purposes, in compliance with applicable law, including any consent or opt-out requirements. For example, when you provide your contact information to us or when we collect your business contact details through participation at trade shows or other events, we may use this data to follow up with you regarding an event, provide information requested about our Services, and include you in our marketing information campaigns. Where permitted under applicable law, we may record our calls with you to provide our Services, comply with our legal obligations, perform research and quality assurance, and for training purposes. Social Media and Promotions . If you opt to submit Personal Data to engage in an offer, program, or promotion, we use the Personal Data you provide to manage the offer, program, or promotion. We also use the Personal Data you provide, along with the Personal Data you make available on social media platforms, for marketing purposes, unless we are not permitted to do so. Fraud Prevention and Security . We collect and use Personal Data to help us identify and manage activities that could be fraudulent or harmful across our Services, enable our fraud detection Business Services, and secure our Services and transactions against unauthorized access, use, alteration or misappropriation of Personal Data, information, and funds. As part of the fraud prevention, detection, security monitoring, and compliance efforts for Stripe and its Business Users, we collect information from publicly available sources, third parties (such as credit bureaus), and via the Services we offer. In some instances, we may also collect information about you directly from you, or from our Business Users, Financial Partners, and other third parties for the same purposes. Furthermore, to protect our Services, we may receive details such as IP addresses and other identifying data about potential security threats from third parties. Learn More . Such information helps us verify identities, conduct credit checks where lawfully permitted, and prevent fraud. Additionally, we might use technology to evaluate the potential risk of fraud associated with individuals seeking to procure our Business Services or arising from attempted transactions by an End Customer or End User with our Business Users or Financial Partners. Compliance with Legal Obligations . We use Personal Data to meet our contractual and legal obligations related to anti-money laundering, Know-Your-Customer ("KYC") laws, anti-terrorism activities, safeguarding vulnerable customers, export control, and prohibition of doing business with restricted persons or in certain business fields, among other legal obligations. For example, we may monitor transaction patterns and other online signals and use those insights to identify fraud, money laundering, and other harmful activity that could affect Stripe, our Financial Partners, End Users, Business Users and others. Learn More . Safety, security, and compliance for our Services are key priorities for us, and collecting and using Personal Data is crucial to this effort. Minors . Our Services are not directed to children under the age of 13, and we request that they do not provide Personal Data to seek Services directly from Stripe. In certain jurisdictions, we may impose higher age limits as required by applicable law. c. Sharing of Personal Data. Besides the sharing of Personal Data described above, we share Personal Data in the ways listed below: Stripe Affiliates . We share Personal Data with other Stripe-affiliated entities for purposes identified in this Policy. Service Providers or Processors . In order to provide, communicate, market, analyze, and advertise our Services, we depend on service providers. These providers offer critical services such as providing cloud infrastructure, conducting analytics for the assessment of the speed, accuracy, and/or security of our Services, verifying identities, identifying potentially harmful activity, and providing customer service and audit functions. We authorize these service providers to use or disclose the Personal Data we make available to them to perform services on our behalf and to comply with relevant legal obligations. We require these service providers to contractually commit to security and confidentiality obligations for the Personal Data they process on our behalf. The majority of our service providers are based in the European Union, the United States of America, and India. Learn More . Financial Partners . We share Personal Data with certain Financial Partners to provide Services to Business Users and offer certain Services in conjunction with these Financial Partners. For instance, we may share certain Personal Data, such as payment processing volume, loan repayment data, and Representative contact information, with institutional investors and lenders who purchase loan receivables or provide financing related to Stripe Capital. Learn More . Others with Consent . In some situations, we may not offer a service, but instead refer you to others (like professional service firms that we partner with to deliver the Atlas Service). In these instances, we will disclose the identity of the third party and the information to be shared with them, and seek your consent to share the information. Corporate Transactions . If we enter or intend to enter a transaction that modifies the structure of our business, such as a reorganization, merger, sale, joint venture, assignment, transfer, change of control, or other disposition of all or part of our business, assets, or stock, we may share Personal Data with third parties in connection with such transaction. Any other entity that buys us or part of our business will have the right to continue to use your Personal Data, subject to the terms of this Policy. Compliance and Harm Prevention . We share Personal Data when we believe it is necessary to comply with applicable law; to abide by rules imposed by Financial Partners in connection with the use of their payment method; to enforce our contractual rights; to secure and protect the Services, rights, privacy, safety, and property of Stripe, you, and others, including against malicious or fraudulent activity; and to respond to valid legal requests from courts, law enforcement agencies, regulatory agencies, and other public and government authorities, which may include authorities outside your country of residence. 3. Legal bases for processing Personal Data For purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other applicable data protection laws, we rely on a number of legal bases to process your Personal Data. Learn More . For some jurisdictions, there may be additional legal bases, which are outlined in the Jurisdiction-Specific Provisions section below. a. Contractual and Pre-Contractual Business Relationships . We process Personal Data to enter into business relationships with prospective Business Users and End Users and fulfill our respective contractual obligations with them. These processing activities include: Creation and management of Stripe accounts and Stripe account credentials, including the assessment of applications to initiate or expand the use of our Services; Creation and management of Stripe Checkout accounts; Accounting, auditing, and billing activities; and Processing of payments and related activities, which include fraud detection, loss prevention, transaction optimization, communications about such payments, and related customer service activities. b. Legal Compliance . We process Personal Data to verify the identities of individuals and entities to comply with obligations related to fraud monitoring, prevention, and detection, laws associated with identifying and reporting illicit and illegal activities, such as those under the Anti-Money Laundering ("AML") and Know-Your-Customer (“KYC") regulations, and financial reporting obligations. For example, we may be required to record and verify a Business User’s identity to comply with regulations designed to prevent money laundering, fraud, and financial crimes. These legal obligations may require us to report our compliance to third parties and subject ourselves to third party verification audits. c. Legitimate Interests . Where permitted under applicable law, we rely on our legitimate business interests to process your Personal Data. The following list provides an example of the business purposes for which we have a legitimate interest in processing your data: Detection, monitoring, and prevention of fraud and unauthorized payment transactions; Mitigation of financial loss, claims, liabilities or other harm to End Customers, End Users, Business Users, Financial Partners, and Stripe; Determination of eligibility for and offering new Stripe Services ( Learn More ); Response to inquiries, delivery of Service notices, and provision of customer support; Promotion, analysis, modification, and improvement of our Services, systems, and tools, as well as the development of new products and services, including enhancing the reliability of the Services; Management, operation, and improvement of the performance of our Sites and Services, through understanding their effectiveness and optimizing our digital assets; Analysis and advertisement of our Services, and related improvements; Aggregate analysis and development of business intelligence that enable us to operate, protect, make informed decisions about, and report on the performance of our business; Sharing of Personal Data with third party service providers that offer services on our behalf and business partners that help us in operating and improving our business ( Learn More) ; Enabling network and information security throughout Stripe and our Services; and Sharing of Personal Data among our affiliates. d. Consent . We may rely on consent or explicit consent to collect and process Personal Data regarding our interactions with you and the provision of our Services such as Link, Financial Connections, Atlas, and Identity. When we process your Personal Data based on your consent, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time, and such a withdrawal will not impact the legality of processing performed based on the consent prior to its withdrawal. e. Substantial Public Interest . We may process special categories of Personal Data, as defined by the GDPR, when such processing is necessary for reasons of substantial public interest and consistent with applicable law, such as when we conduct politically-exposed person checks. We may also process Personal Data related to criminal convictions and offenses when such processing is authorized by applicable law, such as when we conduct sanctions screening to comply with AML and KYC obligations. f. Other valid legal bases . We may process Personal Data further to other valid legal bases as recognized under applicable law in specific jurisdictions. See the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section below for more information. 4. Your rights and choices Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have choices regarding our collection, use, and disclosure of your Personal Data: a. Opting out of receiving electronic communications from us If you wish to stop receiving marketing-related emails from us, you can opt-out by clicking the unsubscribe link included in such emails or as described here . We'll try to process your request(s) as quickly as reasonably practicable. However, it's important to note that even if you opt out of receiving marketing-related emails from us, we retain the right to communicate with you about the Services you receive (like support and important legal notices) and our Business Users might still send you messages or instruct us to send you messages on their behalf. b. Your data protection rights Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have the following rights regarding the Personal Data we process about you as a data controller: The right to request confirmation of whether Stripe is processing Personal Data associated with you, the categories of personal data it has processed, and the third parties or categories of third parties with which your Personal Data is shared; The right to request access to the Personal Data Stripe processes about you ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe rectify or update your Personal Data if it's inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated; The right to request that Stripe erase your Personal Data in certain circumstances as provided by law ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe restrict the use of your Personal Data in certain circumstances, such as while Stripe is considering another request you've submitted (for instance, a request that Stripe update your Personal Data); The right to request that we export the Personal Data we hold about you to another company, provided it's technically feasible; The right to withdraw your consent if your Personal Data is being processed based on your previous consent; The right to object to the processing of your Personal Data if we are processing your data based on our legitimate interests; unless there are compelling legitimate grounds or the processing is necessary for legal reasons, we will cease processing your Personal Data upon receiving your objection ( Learn More ); The right not to be discriminated against for exercising these rights; and The right to appeal any decision by Stripe relating to your rights by contacting Stripe’s Data Protection Officer (“DPO”) at dpo@stripe.com , and/or relevant regulatory agencies. You may have additional rights, depending on applicable law, over your Personal Data. For example, see the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section under United States below. c. Process for exercising your data protection rights To exercise your data protection rights related to Personal Data we process as a data controller, visit our Privacy Center or contact us as outlined below. For Personal Data we process as a data processor, please reach out to the relevant data controller (Business User) to exercise your rights. If you contact us regarding your Personal Data we process as a data processor, we will refer you to the relevant data controller to the extent we are able to identify them. 5. Security and Retention We make reasonable efforts to provide a level of security appropriate to the risk associated with the processing of your Personal Data. We maintain organizational, technical, and administrative measures designed to protect the Personal Data covered by this Policy from unauthorized access, destruction, loss, alteration, or misuse. Learn More . Unfortunately, no data transmission or storage system can be guaranteed to be 100% secure. We encourage you to assist us in protecting your Personal Data. If you hold a Stripe account, you can do so by using a strong password, safeguarding your password against unauthorized use, and avoiding using identical login credentials you use for other services or accounts for your Stripe account. If you suspect that your interaction with us is no longer secure (for instance, you believe that your Stripe account's security has been compromised), please contact us immediately. We retain your Personal Data for as long as we continue to provide the Services to you or our Business Users, or for a period in which we reasonably foresee continuing to provide the Services. Even after we stop providing Services directly to you or to a Business User that you're doing business with, and even after you close your Stripe account or complete a transaction with a Business User, we may continue to retain your Personal Data to: Comply with our legal and regulatory obligations; Enable fraud monitoring, detection, and prevention activities; and Comply with our tax, accounting, and financial reporting obligations, including when such retention is required by our contractual agreements with our Financial Partners (and where data retention is mandated by the payment methods you've used). In cases where we keep your Personal Data, we do so in accordance with any limitation periods and record retention obligations imposed by applicable law. Learn More . 6. International Data Transfers As a global business, it's sometimes necessary for us to transfer your Personal Data to countries other than your own, including the United States. These countries might have data protection regulations that are different from those in your country. When transferring data across borders, we take measures to comply with applicable data protection laws related to such transfer. In certain situations, we may be required to disclose Personal Data in response to lawful requests from officials, such as law enforcement or security authorities. Learn More . If you are located in the European Economic Area (“EEA”), the United Kingdom ("UK"), or Switzerland, please refer to our Privacy Center for additional details. When a data transfer mechanism is mandated by applicable law, we employ one or more of the following: Transfers to certain countries or recipients that are recognized as having an adequate level of protection for Personal Data under applicable law. EU Standard Contractual Clauses approved by the Europe | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
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