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https://x.com/privacy#chapter10 | X Privacy Policy Skip to main content Privacy Policy <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Privacy Policy" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="1BJ8" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link=" https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/privacy-policy-2025-07-28/en/x-privacy-policy-2025-07-28.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> X Privacy Policy We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. This version of the Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Privacy Policy continues to apply. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a Professional Account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job applications / recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about you and/or your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad partners, developers, and publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other third parties, account connections, and integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personalize our products and services so that you have a better experience on X, including by showing you more relevant content and ads, suggesting people and topics to follow, enabling and helping you discover affiliates , third-party apps, and services. We may use the information we collect and publicly available information to help train our machine learning or artificial intelligence models for the purposes outlined in this policy. We may use the information we collect from accounts of other services that you choose to connect to your X account to provide you features like cross-posting or cross-service authentication, and to operate our services. We use your contact information to help others find your account if your settings permit, including through third-party services and client applications. We use your information to provide our advertising and sponsored content services subject to your settings , which helps make ads on X more relevant to you. We also use this information to measure the effectiveness of ads and to help recognize your devices to serve you ads on and off of X. Some of our ad partners also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you, as described elsewhere in our Privacy Policy. 2.2 Foster safety and security. We use information we collect to provide for the safety and security of our users, our products, services, and your account. This includes verifying your identity, authenticating your account, estimating or verifying your age as may be required under law, and defending against fraud, unauthorized use, and illegal activity. We also use the information to evaluate and affect the safety and quality of content on X - this includes investigating and enforcing our policies and terms, as well as applicable law. 2.3 Measure, analyze and make our services better. We use the information we collect to measure and analyze the effectiveness of our products and services and to better understand how you use them in order to make them better. 2.4 Communicate with you about our services. We use the information we collect to communicate with you about our products and services, including about product updates and changes to our policies and terms. If you’re open to hearing from us, we may also send you marketing messages from time to time. 2.5 Research. We use information you share with us, or that we collect to conduct research, surveys, product testing, and troubleshooting to help us operate and improve our products and services. 3. Sharing Information You should know the ways we share your information, why we share it, and how you can control it. There are five general ways we share your information. 3.1 When you post and share. With the general public . You are directing us to disclose that information as broadly as possible. X content, including your profile information (e.g., name/pseudonym, username, profile pictures), is available for viewing by the general public. The public does not need to be signed in to view some content on X. They may also find X content off of X: for example, from search query results on Internet search engines or videos downloaded and reshared elsewhere (depending on your settings ). With other X users. Depending on your settings , and based on the X products and services you use, we share: Your interactions with X content of other users, such as replies, and people you follow. Content you send to a specific X user, such as through Direct Messages . Please keep in mind that if you’ve shared information like Direct Messages or protected posts with someone else who accesses X through a third-party service, the information may be shared with the third-party service. With partners. Depending on your settings , we also provide certain third parties with information to help us offer or operate our products and services. You can learn more about these partnerships in our Help Center . You can control whether X shares your personal information with these partners by using the “Data sharing with business partners” option in your Privacy and Safety settings . (This setting does not control sharing described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy, such as when we share information with our service providers, or through partnerships other than as described in this Help Center article.) 3.2 With third parties and third-party integrations. With service providers. We may share your information with our service providers that perform functions and provide services on our behalf, including payment services providers who facilitate payments; service providers that host our various blogs and wikis; service providers that help us understand the use of our services; applicant tracking system providers to send and receive applicant and job data to potential employers; service providers supporting age assurance solutions; and those that provide fraud detection services. With advertisers. Advertising revenue enables us to provide our products and services. Advertisers may learn information from your engagement with their ads on or off X. For example, if you click on an external link or ad on our services, that advertiser or website operator might figure out that you came from X, along with other information associated with the ad you clicked, such as characteristics of the audience it was intended to reach and other X-generated identifiers for that ad. They may also collect other personal information from you, such as cookie identifiers, or your IP address. Third-party content and integrations. We share or disclose your information with your consent or at your direction, such as when you authorize a third-party web client or application to access your account or when you direct us to share your feedback with a business. Similarly, to improve your experience, we work with third-party partners to display their video content on X or to allow cross-platform sharing. When you watch or otherwise interact with content from our video or cross-platform sharing partners, they may receive and process your personal information as described in their privacy policies. For video content, you can adjust your autoplay settings if you prefer that content not to play automatically. Third-party collaborators. Depending on your settings , or if you decide to share your data, we may share or disclose your information with third parties. If you do not opt out, in some instances the recipients of the information may use it for their own independent purposes in addition to those stated in X’s Privacy Policy, including, for example, to train their artificial intelligence models, whether generative or otherwise. Through our APIs. We use technology like APIs and embeds to make public X information available to websites, apps, and others for their use, for example, displaying posts on a news website or analyzing what people say on X. We generally make this content available in limited quantities for free and charge licensing fees for large-scale access. We have standard terms that govern how this information can be used, and a compliance program to enforce these terms. But these individuals and companies are not affiliated with X, and their offerings may not reflect updates you make on X. For more information about how we make public data on X available to the world, visit https://developer.x.com . 3.3 When required by law, to prevent harm, or in the public interest. We may preserve, use, share, or disclose your information if we believe that it is reasonably necessary to: comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request ; protect the safety of any person, protect the safety or integrity of our platform, including to help prevent spam, abuse, or malicious actors on our services; explain why we have removed content or accounts from our services (e.g., for a violation of our Rules ); address fraud, security, or technical issues; or protect our rights or property, or the rights or property of those who use our services. We may also use different signals and your data to infer, preserve, use, share, or disclose your age and identity information in order to comply with regulatory requirements as well as for safety, security, fraud, know-your-customer, know-your-business, and identity verification, as the case may be. We may also share or disclose your age and identity information with our partners, service providers, and others for these purposes. 3.4 With our affiliates. We may share information amongst our affiliates to provide our products and services. 3.5 As a result of a change in ownership. We may share, sell, or transfer information about you in connection with a merger, acquisition, reorganization, sale of assets, or bankruptcy. This Privacy Policy will apply to your personal information that is shared with (before and after the close of any transaction) or transferred to the new entity. 4. How Long We Keep Information We keep different types of information for different periods of time, depending on how long we need to retain it in order to provide you with our products and services, to comply with our legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: We keep your profile information, such as your display name, user name, password and email address for the duration of your account. We cannot provide you with our products and services without retaining this information. We keep your usage information, such as the content you post, your interactions with other users’ content and how you interact with others on the platform for the duration of your account or until such content is removed. We keep your payment information, including your credit or debit card number and billing address for the duration you use our paid products and services. Records of transactions will be kept for longer, in accordance with applicable law. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will keep information about the communication and its content for up to 18 months, unless it is necessary for us to retain it for a longer period to comply with our legal obligations or to exercise or defend our legal rights. We generally collect device information, location information, inferred identity information and log information using cookies. We keep cookies and information collected using cookies for up to 13 months. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . We keep information about your views or interactions with ads on or off X, as well as how you interact with our content on third-party sites for up to 12 months. We keep information shared by ad and business partners for up to 12 months. Where you violate our Rules and your account is suspended, we may keep the identifiers you used to create the account (such as your email address or phone number) indefinitely to prevent repeat policy offenders from creating new accounts. We may need to keep certain information longer than our policies specify in order to comply with legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: To comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request. Including in order to adhere to a legally appropriate preservation request made by law enforcement. You can read more about law enforcement access here . In connection with legal claims, litigation, and regulatory matters. Including where it is reasonably necessary to retain information relating to your account in order to defend X against legal claims. To maintain the safety and security of our products and services. Including where it is necessary to store your information longer in order to investigate and fight abuse on our products and services. Remember public content can exist elsewhere even after it is removed from X. For example, search engines and other third parties may retain copies of your posts longer, based upon their own privacy policies, even after they are deleted or expire on X. You can read more about search visibility here . 5. Take Control 5.1 Access, correction, and portability. You can access, correct, or modify the information you provided to us by editing your profile and adjusting your account settings . You can learn more about the information we have collected or inferred about you in Your X Data and request access to additional information here . You can download a copy of your information, such as your posts, by following the instructions here . To protect your privacy and maintain security, we take steps to verify your identity before granting you access to your personal information or complying with a deletion, portability, or other related request. We may, in certain situations, reject your request for access, correction, or portability, for example, we may reject access where you are unable to verify your identity. 5.2 Deleting your information. If you follow the instructions here , your account will be deactivated and your data will be queued for deletion. When deactivated, your X account, including your display name, username, and public profile, will no longer be viewable on X.com, X for iOS, and X for Android. For up to 30 days after deactivation it is still possible to restore your X account if it was accidentally or wrongfully deactivated. 5.3 Objecting to, restricting, or withdrawing your consent. You can manage your privacy settings and other account features here . If you change your settings it may take some time for your choices to be fully reflected throughout our systems. You may also notice changes in your X experience or limitations in your ability to access certain features depending on the settings you’ve adjusted. You may also manage additional settings when interacting with certain content and features on different parts of the platform, such as whether a Space is recorded, or whether videos you upload are downloadable by others. 5.4 Authorized agent requests. To submit a request related to access, modification, or deletion of your information, or someone else’s information if you are their authorized agent, you may also contact us as specified in the How To Contact X section of our Privacy Policy below. We may require you to provide additional information for verification. 6. Your Rights And Ours We provide X to people all over the world and provide many of the same privacy tools and controls to all of our users regardless of where they live. However, your experience may be slightly different than users in other countries to ensure X respects local requirements. 6.1 We have specific legal bases to use your information. X has carefully considered the legal reasons it is permitted to collect, use, share and otherwise process your information. If you want to dig in to learn more and better understand the nuances, we’d encourage you to check out this additional information about data processing . And no, we don’t sell your personal information. 6.2 We move your data to make X work for you. Just as you use X to seamlessly participate in global conversations with people in countries all over the world, X must move information across borders and to different countries around the world to support the safe and reliable service you depend on. For example, if you live in Europe and are having a conversation with someone in the United States, information has to move between those countries to provide that experience – it’s what you expect from us. We also use data centers and cloud providers, and engage our affiliates and third-party partners and service providers located in many parts of the world to help us provide our services. Before we move data between countries we look at the risks that may be presented to the data and rely on standard contractual clauses (SCCs), where applicable, to ensure your data rights are protected. To request a copy of the SCCs, please contact us here . If data will be shared with a third party, we require them to maintain the same protections over your data that we provide directly. X is a participant in the EU-US Data Privacy Framework (DPF), the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF. X complies with the DPF Principles for all its processing of personal data received from the European Union, Switzerland and the UK, in reliance on the EU-US DPF, Swiss-US DPF and UK Extension to the EU-US DPF, respectively. If you have an inquiry or complaint related to our participation in the DPF, please contact us here . As part of our participation in the DPF, if you have a dispute with us about our adherence to the DPF Principles, we will seek to resolve it through our internal complaint resolution process, alternatively through the US-based independent dispute resolution body JAMS , and under certain conditions, through the DPF Arbitration Process following the procedures and subject to the conditions described in Annex 1 to the DPF Principles. DPF participants are subject to the investigatory and enforcement powers of the US Federal Trade Commission and other authorized statutory bodies. Under certain circumstances, participants may be liable for the transfer of personal data from the EU, Switzerland and the UK to third parties outside the EU, Switzerland and the UK. Learn more about the EU-US DPF, the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF here . 7. X's Audience Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy The most current version of this Privacy Policy governs our processing of your personal data and we may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time as needed. If we do revise this Privacy Policy and make changes that are determined by us to be material, we will provide you notice and an opportunity to review the revised Privacy Policy before you continue to use X. 9. General The X Privacy Policy is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X Privacy Policy shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X Privacy Policy. 10. How To Contact X We want to hear from you if you have thoughts or questions about this Privacy Policy. You can contact us via our Privacy Policy Inquiries page or by writing to us at the appropriate address below. Information about our handling of California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) requests is available here . Information about our handling of “Consumer Health Data” and associated requests as defined under Washington State’s My Health My Data Act and other similar state laws is available here . For Oregon residents, more information about our handling of personal information described in this Privacy Policy and associated requests and appeals under Oregon’s Consumer Privacy Act (OCPA) is available here . If you live in the United States or any other country outside of the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Corp., with an address of: X Corp. Attn: Privacy Policy Inquiry 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Internet Unlimited Company, with an address of: X Internet Unlimited Company Attn: Data Protection Officer One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 IRELAND If you live in Switzerland, you can also contact our appointed representative at the following address: X Switzerland GmbH Attn: Data Protection Officer c/o Wasag Treuhand AG Normannenstrasse 8 Postfach 783 3018 Bern, SWITZERLAND If you wish to raise a concern about our data processing practices , you have the right to do so with your local supervisory authority or X Internet Unlimited Company’s lead supervisory authority, the Irish Data Protection Commission, using the contact details listed on their website. Effective: January 15, 2026 View previous policies Take control of your privacy Adjust your settings X Privacy Policy Effective until January 15, 2026 We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. The updated Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. The current Privacy Policy is located below. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal Accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a professional account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment Information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric Information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job Applications / Recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage Information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device Information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location Information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred Identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log Information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad Partners, Developers, Publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other Third Parties, Account Connections, and Integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personaliz | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dev.to/t/c | C - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close C Follow Hide Official tag for the C programming language. Create Post submission guidelines Articles and discussions should be directly related to the C programming language. (Not to be confused with C++ (#cpp) , Objective C (#objectivec) , or C# (#csharp) .) Questions are encouraged! (See the #help tag) Be careful when criticizing C as a language or platform; most such complaints are old news. Criticisms are permitted, but please keep such discussions polite and objective. about #c C is a compiled programming language developed by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie (K&R) in 1972. It is an imperative procedural language based on ALGOL, and is common in systems development. Documentation The GNU C Reference Manual C reference (cppreference.com) Compilers Clang/LLVM GCC Microsoft Visual C++ Complete list... Older #c posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Day 5: C Strings: The Danger of the Null Terminator (\0) Ujjawal Chaudhary Ujjawal Chaudhary Ujjawal Chaudhary Follow Jan 12 Day 5: C Strings: The Danger of the Null Terminator (\0) # c # security # coding # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 1 min read I built my own programming language in C – ShrijiLang THEE ANGLE THEE ANGLE THEE ANGLE Follow Jan 12 I built my own programming language in C – ShrijiLang # compiling # opensource # c # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Pipes - Most minimal form of inter process communication Arun Kumar Arun Kumar Arun Kumar Follow Jan 10 Pipes - Most minimal form of inter process communication # c # networking Comments 2 comments 3 min read Setup C programming language for Windows users Raphaël T Raphaël T Raphaël T Follow Jan 9 Setup C programming language for Windows users # programming # c # cpp # vscode Comments Add Comment 1 min read My simple cli tool for http requests Adler Medrado Adler Medrado Adler Medrado Follow Jan 10 My simple cli tool for http requests # api # c # cli # tooling Comments Add Comment 1 min read Why C is still the most important programming language Dimension AI Technologies Dimension AI Technologies Dimension AI Technologies Follow Jan 7 Why C is still the most important programming language # c # ffi # abi # interoperability Comments Add Comment 6 min read [BOJ/C, C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 기하 1: 직사각형과 삼각형 dbsans dbsans dbsans Follow Jan 5 [BOJ/C, C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 기하 1: 직사각형과 삼각형 # programming # c # cpp # coding Comments Add Comment 5 min read pg-status - a lightweight microservice for checking PostgreSQL host status krylosov-aa krylosov-aa krylosov-aa Follow Jan 4 pg-status - a lightweight microservice for checking PostgreSQL host status # postgres # sql # c Comments Add Comment 7 min read 13 Languages Are Challenging C. Most Fail. Only Five Stack Up. Dimension AI Technologies Dimension AI Technologies Dimension AI Technologies Follow Jan 10 13 Languages Are Challenging C. Most Fail. Only Five Stack Up. # c # rust # zig # systemsprogramming Comments 1 comment 17 min read [BOJ/C] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 시간복잡도 dbsans dbsans dbsans Follow Jan 5 [BOJ/C] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 시간복잡도 # programming # c # coding Comments Add Comment 2 min read WIR - What Is Running: A CLI Tool in C to Inspect Processes and Ports Alberto Barrago Alberto Barrago Alberto Barrago Follow Dec 30 '25 WIR - What Is Running: A CLI Tool in C to Inspect Processes and Ports # c # tooling # cli Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why Arrays Start at Index 0: A Memory-Level Explanation Aman Prasad Aman Prasad Aman Prasad Follow Jan 4 Why Arrays Start at Index 0: A Memory-Level Explanation # discuss # programming # c # computerscience 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read GUI for OpenSoldat Matheus Matheus Matheus Follow Dec 29 '25 GUI for OpenSoldat # programming # opensource # c # frontend Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day 4: The Sizeof Trap: Understanding Array Decay in C Ujjawal Chaudhary Ujjawal Chaudhary Ujjawal Chaudhary Follow Jan 11 Day 4: The Sizeof Trap: Understanding Array Decay in C # c # programming # debugging # tips Comments 1 comment 1 min read Creating my own minecraft launcher & minecraft. Raiz Haikal Raiz Haikal Raiz Haikal Follow Dec 27 '25 Creating my own minecraft launcher & minecraft. # programming # ai # c # python Comments Add Comment 3 min read MAWA - Un lenguaje tan simple como Python pero tan potente como Assembler, el ASM moderno pero mucho más sencillo. Samuel Leonardo Samuel Leonardo Samuel Leonardo Follow Jan 4 MAWA - Un lenguaje tan simple como Python pero tan potente como Assembler, el ASM moderno pero mucho más sencillo. # assembly # cpp # c # beginners 5 reactions Comments 40 comments 4 min read How I Optimized FFmpeg Filters with Slice Threading (My First Contribution) Raja Rathour Raja Rathour Raja Rathour Follow Dec 25 '25 How I Optimized FFmpeg Filters with Slice Threading (My First Contribution) # c # opensource # ffmpeg # performance 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read From Serial Ports to WebSockets: Debugging Across Two Worlds Diogo Diogo Diogo Follow Dec 23 '25 From Serial Ports to WebSockets: Debugging Across Two Worlds # tooling # iot # c # networking 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read 4 Days, 18,599 Lines: What Happens When You Go All-In on Pure C Dmitry Labintcev Dmitry Labintcev Dmitry Labintcev Follow Jan 5 4 Days, 18,599 Lines: What Happens When You Go All-In on Pure C # c # security # ai # opensource Comments Add Comment 5 min read How to build a firmware using Makefile? Ahmet Can Gulmez Ahmet Can Gulmez Ahmet Can Gulmez Follow Dec 21 '25 How to build a firmware using Makefile? # c # programming # computerscience # lowcode Comments Add Comment 4 min read [BOJ/C, C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 약수, 배수와 소수 1 dbsans dbsans dbsans Follow Jan 3 [BOJ/C, C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 약수, 배수와 소수 1 # programming # c # cpp # coding Comments Add Comment 2 min read Langjam Gamejam Masashi Masashi Masashi Follow Dec 20 '25 Langjam Gamejam # gamedev # c # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read [BOJ/C, C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 수학 1 dbsans dbsans dbsans Follow Jan 3 [BOJ/C, C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 수학 1 # programming # c # cpp # coding Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Benchmarking Trap Alexey Alexey Alexey Follow Dec 24 '25 The Benchmarking Trap # cpp # c # programming Comments 1 comment 4 min read C23 Miscellany Paul J. Lucas Paul J. Lucas Paul J. Lucas Follow Jan 3 C23 Miscellany # c 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... trending guides/resources How to build a firmware using Makefile? Advanced C Preprocessor Macros for a Pre-C23/C++20 __VA_OPT__ Substitute Understanding Buffers in Programming — The Complete Guide for Beginners & Pros MAWA - Un lenguaje tan simple como Python pero tan potente como Assembler, el ASM moderno pero mu... C Programming Language: The Foundation of Modern Software Development Avoid the Temptation of Header-Only Libraries Construyendo mi propio IPTV Player en C Introduction to GNU, GDB, ELF, and LLDB Writing and running End-to-End Tests in Autotools Using GNU toolchain for Windows kernel-mode drivers Linux Kernel Interrupt Handling: A Step-by-Step Code Walkthrough(Part 3) The Ultimate Guide to Choosing a Game Engine in 2025 Why Arrays Start at Index 0: A Memory-Level Explanation WIR - What Is Running: A CLI Tool in C to Inspect Processes and Ports bool in C23 Crie Galeria de Imagens a partir de um vídeo Is the World Ready for Another Programming Language in 2026, Now That AI Writes Code? C: The Backbone of IoT Development Dynamically Allocating 2D Arrays Efficiently (and Correctly!) in C 2.0 The “var” Error in C# — Why “The contextual keyword ‘var’ may only appear within a local variable... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/zio-mitch | Michele Carino - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Michele Carino 318 Temporarily a Teapot The server is temporarily unable to brew coffee because it is, for the moment, a teapot. The condition is expected to be resolved after a short period of time. Location Salsomaggiore Terme, Parma, Italy Joined Joined on Dec 8, 2025 Email address michelecarino84@gmail.com github website Education Liceo Scientifico Statale G. Vailati, Genzano di Roma + a bit of University @Roma II Torvergata Pronouns Software/Enthusiast Work Software architect in a enterprise that develops business management software. More info about @zio-mitch Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Skills/Languages Php, docker, linux, mysql. Currently hacking on Making software: open, useful, collaborative. The tool? Able to pick up and use the best I need when I need it. Available for Available for activities with high human value, tech is just the crust... Unless you want to sell me something I would not need, any reason is valid to contact me.. Post 6 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 12 tags followed Human dignity bug: chronicles of an inherited delusion Michele Carino Michele Carino Michele Carino Follow Dec 30 '25 Human dignity bug: chronicles of an inherited delusion # discuss # career # mentalhealth Comments Add Comment 2 min read Il Bug della Dignità: Cronaca di un’illusione ereditaria Michele Carino Michele Carino Michele Carino Follow Dec 30 '25 Il Bug della Dignità: Cronaca di un’illusione ereditaria # discuss # career # mentalhealth Comments Add Comment 2 min read (•‿•) this post is not written with AI Michele Carino Michele Carino Michele Carino Follow Dec 8 '25 (•‿•) this post is not written with AI # withoutai # notai # ainot # nonai Comments Add Comment 1 min read (•‿•) questo post non è scritto con l'AI Michele Carino Michele Carino Michele Carino Follow Dec 8 '25 (•‿•) questo post non è scritto con l'AI # watercooler # ai # writing Comments Add Comment 1 min read A volte devi prendere meno sul serio quello che ti terrorizza e affrontare seriamente quello che ti diverte... Michele Carino Michele Carino Michele Carino Follow Dec 8 '25 A volte devi prendere meno sul serio quello che ti terrorizza e affrontare seriamente quello che ti diverte... # gamedev # growth # developers # joy Comments Add Comment 3 min read Volevo smettere di fare lo sviluppatore software e iniziare a fare l'imbianchino... Michele Carino Michele Carino Michele Carino Follow Dec 8 '25 Volevo smettere di fare lo sviluppatore software e iniziare a fare l'imbianchino... # programming # career # development # italian Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/itsugo | Aryan Choudhary - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Aryan Choudhary Level up 10x faster Location Pune, India Joined Joined on Nov 5, 2024 Email address aryanc1240@gmail.com Personal website https://itsugo-portfolio.vercel.app github website twitter website Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 8 Week Community Wellness Streak Consistency pays off! Be an active part of our community by posting at least 2 comments per week for 8 straight weeks. Earn the 16 Week Badge next. Got it Close Next.js Awarded to the top Next.js author each week Got it Close 4 Week Community Wellness Streak Keep contributing to discussions by posting at least 2 comments per week for 4 straight weeks. Unlock the 8 Week Badge next. Got it Close 2 Week Community Wellness Streak Keep the community conversation going! Post at least 2 comments for 2 straight weeks and unlock the 4 Week Badge. Got it Close 1 Week Community Wellness Streak For actively engaging with the community by posting at least 2 comments in a single week. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close More info about @itsugo GitHub Repositories itsugo-portfolio TypeScript • 2 stars commentto AI Comment Generator API TypeScript • 1 star Skills/Languages React, Next, Node, system design & architectures. Currently learning Exploring Web3. Solidifying web & app development through meaningful projects. 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Post 11 posts published Comment 105 comments written Tag 12 tags followed Pin Pinned I Built a Tool Because I Was Tired of Overthinking Comments Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Dec 20 '25 I Built a Tool Because I Was Tired of Overthinking Comments # productivity # nextjs # sideprojects # api 8 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read The Unexpected Hard Parts of Building a Portfolio in Next.js 16 Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Dec 11 '25 The Unexpected Hard Parts of Building a Portfolio in Next.js 16 # webdev # nextjs # tailwindcss # productivity 13 reactions Comments 10 comments 7 min read The Map of Modern APIs: REST, GraphQL, RPC, Serverless & Webhooks Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Nov 24 '25 The Map of Modern APIs: REST, GraphQL, RPC, Serverless & Webhooks # api # graphql # rpc # serverless 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read The 10 Levels of API Development (From Beginner to Production-Ready) Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Nov 23 '25 The 10 Levels of API Development (From Beginner to Production-Ready) # api # beginners # tutorial 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read What Finally Made Web3 Click for Me Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Nov 3 '25 What Finally Made Web3 Click for Me # web3 # blockchain # ethereum # internetcomputer 6 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Jan 9 The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning 35 reactions Comments 16 comments 2 min read Want to connect with Aryan Choudhary? Create an account to connect with Aryan Choudhary. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in I Wanted to Work at a Startup. This Is What the First Glimpse Taught Me Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Jan 2 I Wanted to Work at a Startup. This Is What the First Glimpse Taught Me # career # startup # learning # beginners 29 reactions Comments 15 comments 2 min read What Building Small, Personal Tools Taught Me This Year Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Dec 29 '25 What Building Small, Personal Tools Taught Me This Year # productivity # sideprojects # devjournal # learning 11 reactions Comments 5 comments 4 min read APIs Explained Simply: The Chapter I Wish I Had When Learning Full-Stack Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Nov 23 '25 APIs Explained Simply: The Chapter I Wish I Had When Learning Full-Stack # api # webdev # programming # learning 6 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read Trying to Understand Why Fresher Hiring Feels So Hard Right Now Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Nov 22 '25 Trying to Understand Why Fresher Hiring Feels So Hard Right Now # career # beginners # ai # hiring 3 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read What I Learned After My First Week Sharing on Dev.to Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Nov 13 '25 What I Learned After My First Week Sharing on Dev.to # career # beginners # learning # devto 6 reactions Comments 4 comments 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://stripe.com/mx/privacy | Chatear con ventas de Stripe Política de privacidad Stripe logo Legales Stripe Privacy Policy & Privacy Center Política de privacidad Política de utilización de cookies Marco de privacidad de los datos Lista de proveedores de servicios Acuerdo sobre el procesamiento de datos Supplier Data Processing Agreement Centro de privacidad de Stripe Política de privacidad Para su comodidad, hemos preparado una traducción de esta página. Esta traducción tiene fines informativos solamente y la versión final de la página está en inglés. Última actualización: 16 de enero de 2025 Esta Política de privacidad incluye información importante sobre sus datos personales, por lo que le recomendamos que la lea con atención. Le damos la bienvenida Proporcionamos una infraestructura financiera para Internet. Las personas físicas y empresas de todos los tamaños utilizan nuestra tecnología y nuestros servicios para facilitar las compras, aceptar pagos, aceptar transferencias y dirigir negocios en línea. En esta Política de privacidad («Política»), se describen los Datos personales que recopilamos y cómo los usamos y compartimos, además de los detalles sobre cómo comunicarse con nosotros para hacer consultas relacionadas con la privacidad. La Política también expone sus derechos y opciones como titular de datos, incluido el derecho a oponerse a determinados usos de sus Datos personales. Según la actividad, Stripe asume la función de un «controlador de datos» o «encargado de tratamiento de datos» («proveedor de servicios»). Para obtener más detalles sobre nuestras prácticas de privacidad, incluida nuestra función, la entidad específica de Stripe responsable en virtud de esta Política y nuestras bases legales para procesar sus Datos personales, visite nuestro Centro de privacidad . Términos definidos En esta Política, «Stripe», «nosotros», «nuestro» o «nos» se refiere a la entidad de Stripe responsable de la recopilación, el uso y el manejo de los Datos personales como se describen en el presente documento. En función de su jurisdicción, puede variar la entidad específica de Stripe responsable de sus Datos personales. Más información . «Datos personales» se refiere a cualquier dato asociado a una persona identificada o identificable, entre los que se pueden incluir datos que nos proporcione usted y que recopilemos sobre usted cuando interactúe con nuestros Servicios (como información de sus dispositivos, dirección IP, etc.). «Servicios» se refiere a los productos, servicios, dispositivos y aplicaciones que ofrecemos en virtud del Contrato de servicios de Stripe («Servicios empresariales») o de las Condiciones de uso para el consumidor de Stripe («Servicios para el usuario final»); sitios web («Sitios») como Stripe.com y Link.com; y demás aplicaciones y servicios en línea de Stripe. Ofrecemos Servicios empresariales a entidades («Usuarios empresariales»). Ofrecemos Servicios para el usuario final directamente a las personas para su uso personal. Los «Socios financieros» son entidades financieras, bancos y otros socios, como adquirentes de métodos de pago, proveedores de transferencias y redes de tarjetas con los que nos asociamos para prestar los Servicios. En función del contexto, «usted» puede ser un Cliente final, Usuario final, Representante o Visitante: Usuario final . Cuando usted utiliza un Servicio para el usuario final, como guardar un método de pago en Link, para uso personal nos referimos a usted como «Usuario final». Cliente final . Cuando usted no opera directamente con Stripe, pero recibimos sus Datos personales para ofrecer Servicios a un Usuario empresarial, incluso cuando usted hace una compra de un Usuario empresarial en una página de Stripe Checkout o recibe pagos de un Usuario empresarial, nos referimos a usted como «Cliente final». Representante . Cuando usted actúa en nombre de un Usuario empresarial existente o potencial (quizás como el fundador de una empresa, un administrador de cuentas para un Usuario empresarial o un beneficiario de una tarjeta de crédito para empleados de un Usuario empresarial a través de Stripe Issuing), nos referimos a usted como «Representante». Visitante . Cuando usted interactúa con Stripe visitando un Sitio sin iniciar sesión en una cuenta de Stripe o cuando su interacción con Stripe no le convierte en un Usuario final, Cliente final o Representante, nos referimos a usted como «Visitante». Por ejemplo, usted es un Visitante cuando envía un mensaje a Stripe en el que solicita más información sobre nuestros Servicios. En esta Política, los «Datos de transacción» se refieren a los datos que Stripe recopila y utiliza para facilitar las transacciones que usted solicita. Algunos Datos de transacción son Datos personales y pueden incluir los siguientes: su nombre, dirección de correo electrónico, número de contacto, dirección de facturación y de envío, información del método de pago (como el número de la tarjeta de crédito o de débito, datos de la cuenta bancaria o imagen de la tarjeta de pago que usted haya elegido), datos del comerciante y del lugar, importe y fecha de la compra y, en algunos casos, información sobre lo que se compró. 1. Datos personales que recabamos sobre usted y cómo los usamos y compartimos 2. Más modos que utilizamos para recopilar, usar y compartir Datos personales 3. Bases legales para procesar datos personales 4. Sus derechos y opciones 5. Seguridad y retención 6. Transferencias de datos internacionales 7. Actualizaciones y notificaciones 8. Disposiciones específicas de una jurisdicción 9. Comuníquese con nosotros 10. Aviso de privacidad para el consumidor de EE. UU. 1. Datos personales que recabamos sobre usted y cómo los usamos y compartimos El modo en que recopilamos y utilizamos los Datos personales varía en función de si usted es un Usuario final, Cliente final, Representante o Visitante y del Servicio concreto que utilice. Por ejemplo, si usted es un empresario individual que quiere utilizar nuestros Servicios empresariales, podemos recopilar sus Datos personales para integrar su empresa; por otro lado, usted podría ser también un Cliente final si compró productos de otro Usuario empresarial que utilice nuestros Servicios para el procesamiento de pagos. Usted también podría ser un Usuario final si para esas transacciones, utilizase nuestros Servicios para el usuario final, como por ejemplo Link. 1.1 Usuarios finales Prestamos Servicios para el usuario final cuando le proporcionamos los Servicios directamente a usted para su uso personal (por ejemplo, Link). Puede encontrar más detalles sobre cómo recopilamos, utilizamos y compartimos nuestros Datos personales del Usuario final, incluidas las bases legales en las que nos basamos para procesar dichos datos, en nuestro Centro de privacidad . a. Datos personales que recabamos sobre los Usuarios finales Utilizar Link o conectar la cuenta bancaria . Stripe ofrece un servicio denominado «Link», que le permite crear una cuenta y almacenar información para las interacciones futuras con los Servicios de Stripe y los Usuarios empresariales. Usted puede guardar diferentes tipos de Datos personales usando Link. Por ejemplo, puede guardar su nombre, información de métodos de pago, información de contacto y dirección y usar esa información almacenada para pagar transacciones con nuestros Usuarios empresariales. Cuando elija pagar con Link, también recopilaremos Datos de transacción asociados a sus transacciones. Obtenga más información . También puede compartir y guardar datos de cuentas bancarias en su cuenta de Link con el producto Financial Connections de Stripe. Cuando use Financial Connections, Stripe recopilará y procesará de forma periódica la información de su cuenta (como la información del titular de la cuenta bancaria, los saldos, el número, los detalles y las transacciones de la cuenta y, en algunos casos, las credenciales de inicio de sesión). Puede solicitarnos que dejemos de recopilar dichos datos en cualquier momento. Obtenga más información . Por último, puede usar Link para almacenar sus documentos de identidad (como su permiso de conducir) para que pueda compartirlos en interacciones futuras con Stripe o sus Usuarios empresariales. Pagar Stripe . Cuando usted compra bienes o servicios directamente de Stripe, recibimos sus Datos de transacción. Por ejemplo, cuando realiza un pago a Stripe Climate, recopilamos información sobre la transacción, además de sus datos de contacto y de métodos de pago. Servicios de identidad/verificación . Ofrecemos un servicio de verificación de identidad que automatiza la comparación de su documento de identidad (como la licencia de conducir) con su imagen (como una selfie). Puede otorgarnos su consentimiento por separado para que utilicemos sus datos biométricos con el fin de mejorar nuestra tecnología de verificación, con la opción de revocar su consentimiento en cualquier momento. Obtenga más información . Para obtener más información sobre los otros tipos de Datos personales que podemos recabar de los Usuarios finales, incluida su actividad en línea y su interacción con nuestros Servicios para el usuario final, consulte más adelante la sección Más modos que utilizamos para recopilar, usar y compartir Datos personales . b. ¿Cómo usamos y compartimos los Datos personales de Usuarios finales? Servicios . Utilizamos y compartimos sus Datos personales para proporcionarle los Servicios para el usuario final, entre los que se incluyen el soporte, la personalización (como preferencias de idioma y elecciones de ajustes) y la comunicación sobre nuestros Servicios para el usuario final (como comunicar las actualizaciones de la Política e información sobre nuestros Servicios). Por ejemplo, Stripe puede utilizar cookies y tecnologías similares o los datos que usted proporciona a nuestros Usuarios empresariales (como cuando usted introduce su dirección de correo electrónico en el sitio web de un Usuario empresarial) para reconocerlo y ayudarlo a utilizar Link cuando visite el sitio web de nuestro Usuario empresarial. Obtenga más información sobre cómo utilizamos las cookies y tecnologías similares en la Política de utilización de cookies de Stripe. Nuestros Usuarios empresariales . Cuando utiliza Link para realizar pagos con nuestros Usuarios empresariales, compartimos con estos sus Datos personales, incluido el nombre, los datos de contacto, los datos de los métodos de pago y los Datos de transacción. Obtenga más información . Usted también puede pedir a Stripe que comparta la información almacenada de su cuenta bancaria y sus documentos de identidad con Usuarios empresariales con los que haga negocios. Una vez que compartimos sus Datos personales con los Usuarios empresariales, podemos procesar esos datos como Encargado de tratamiento de datos para esos Usuarios empresariales, como se detalla en la sección 1.2 de la presente Política. Debe consultar las políticas de privacidad de los Usuarios empresariales con los que hace negocios para obtener información sobre cómo utilizan la información que se comparte con ellos. Detección de fraudes y prevención de pérdidas . Utilizamos sus Datos personales recopilados en todos nuestros Servicios para detectar el fraude y prevenir las pérdidas financieras que podamos sufrir usted, nosotros y nuestros Usuarios empresariales y Socios financieros, también para detectar compras no autorizadas. A los Usuarios empresariales y Socios financieros, incluidos aquellos que utilizan nuestros Servicios empresariales relacionados con la prevención de fraude (como Stripe Radar), podemos proporcionarles Datos personales sobre usted (incluidos sus intentos de transacciones) para que puedan evaluar el fraude o el riesgo de pérdida asociados a la transacción. Obtenga más información sobre cómo podemos usar la tecnología con el fin de evaluar el riesgo de fraude asociado a un intento de transacción y sobre qué datos compartimos con los Usuarios empresariales y Socios financieros aquí y aquí . Publicidad . Cuando la legislación aplicable lo permita, podemos utilizar sus Datos personales, incluidos los Datos de transacciones, para evaluar si cumple los requisitos y ofrecerle otros Servicios para el usuario final o promocionar los Servicios para el usuario final existentes, incluido el marketing conjunto con socios como los Usuarios empresariales de Stripe. Obtenga más información . De conformidad con la legislación aplicable, incluidos los requisitos de consentimiento, usamos y compartimos Datos personales de Usuarios finales con terceros para poder promocionar nuestros Servicios para el usuario final, incluso a través de publicidad basada en intereses, y para hacer un seguimiento de la eficacia de esos anuncios. No transferimos sus Datos personales a terceros a cambio del pago, pero podemos proporcionar sus datos a socios externos, como socios publicitarios, proveedores de análisis y redes sociales, que nos ayudan a anunciarle nuestros Servicios. Obtenga más información . Más información . Para obtener más información sobre los modos en que podemos utilizar y compartir los Datos personales de los Usuarios finales, consulte más adelante la sección Más modos que utilizamos para recopilar, usar y compartir Datos personales . 1.2 Clientes finales Stripe ofrece varios Servicios empresariales a nuestros Usuarios empresariales, que incluyen el procesamiento de pagos electrónicos o en persona, o de transferencias para esos Usuarios empresariales. Cuando actuamos como proveedores de servicios (también denominados Encargados de tratamiento de datos) de un Usuario empresarial, procesamos los Datos personales del Cliente final conforme a nuestro acuerdo con el Usuario empresarial y las disposiciones legales del Usuario empresarial. Esto ocurre, por ejemplo, cuando procesamos un pago para un Usuario empresarial porque usted les compró un producto, o en caso de que el Usuario empresarial nos solicite que le enviemos fondos a usted. Los Usuarios empresariales son responsables de garantizar que se respetan los derechos de privacidad de sus Clientes finales, incluyendo la obtención de los consentimientos adecuados y la realización de declaraciones sobre su propia recopilación y uso de datos asociados con sus productos y servicios. Si usted es un Cliente final, consulte la política de privacidad del Usuario empresarial con el que esté haciendo negocios para obtener información sobre sus prácticas, elecciones y controles de privacidad. Ofrecemos información más completa sobre nuestra recopilación, uso e intercambio de Datos personales de los Clientes finales en nuestro Centro de privacidad , incluidas las bases legales en las que nos basamos para procesar sus Datos personales. a. Datos personales que recabamos sobre los Clientes finales Datos de transacción . Si usted es un Cliente final que realiza pagos, recibe reembolsos o pagos, inicia una compra o donación o realiza transacciones de cualquier otro tipo con nuestro Usuario empresarial, ya sea en persona o en línea, recibimos sus Datos de transacción. También podemos recibir su historial de transacciones con el Usuario empresarial. Obtenga más información . Asimismo, podemos recopilar la información introducida en un formulario del proceso de compra incluso si opta por no completar el formulario o la transacción con el Usuario empresarial. Obtenga más información . Un Usuario empresarial que utilice el Servicio de Stripe Terminal para ofrecer sus productos o servicios a los Clientes finales puede utilizar el Servicio de Terminal para recopilar los Datos personales de los Clientes finales (como su nombre, correo electrónico, número de teléfono, dirección, firma o edad), conforme a su propia política de privacidad. Información de identidad/verificación . Stripe proporciona un Servicio de verificación y prevención de fraude que pueden utilizar nuestros Usuarios empresariales para verificar los Datos personales sobre usted, como su autorización para usar un método de pago concreto. Durante el proceso, se le solicitará que comparta con nosotros determinados Datos personales (como su documento de identificación gubernamental y una selfie para la verificación biométrica, los Datos personales que introduzca o Datos personales que se deduzcan del método de pago físico, como una imagen de la tarjeta de crédito). Para protegernos contra el fraude y determinar si alguien está intentando hacerse pasar por usted, podemos contrastar estos datos con información sobre usted que hayamos recopilado de Usuarios empresariales, Socios financieros, afiliados comerciales, servicios de verificación de identidad, fuentes disponibles públicamente y otros proveedores de servicios y fuentes de terceros. Obtenga más información . Más información . Para obtener más información sobre los otros tipos de Datos personales que podemos recabar de los Clientes finales, incluida su actividad en línea, consulte más adelante la sección Más modos que utilizamos para recopilar, usar y compartir Datos personales . b. ¿Cómo usamos y compartimos los Datos personales de los Clientes finales? Para proporcionar nuestros Servicios empresariales a nuestros Usuarios empresariales, utilizamos y compartimos con ellos los Datos personales de los Clientes finales. Cuando está permitido, también utilizamos los Datos personales de los Clientes finales para los propios fines de Stripe, como reforzar la seguridad, mejorar y proporcionar nuestros Servicios empresariales y prevenir el fraude, la pérdida y otros daños que se encuentran más adelante. Procesamiento de pagos y contabilidad . Utilizamos sus Datos de transacción para proporcionar Servicios empresariales relacionados con el pago a Usuarios empresariales, incluidos el procesamiento de transacciones de pago en línea, el cálculo del impuesto sobre las ventas, la gestión de cobros, facturas y disputas, para ayudarlos a determinar sus ingresos, liquidar sus facturas y ejecutar tareas de contabilidad. Obtenga más información . También utilizamos sus Datos personales para proporcionar y mejorar nuestros Servicios empresariales. Durante las transacciones de pagos, sus Datos personales se comparten con varias entidades relacionadas con su transacción. Como proveedor de servicios o encargado de tratamiento de datos, compartimos Datos personales para permitir las transacciones, tal y como lo soliciten los Usuarios empresariales. Por ejemplo, cuando elige un método de pago para su transacción, podemos compartir sus Datos de transacción con su banco u otro proveedor de métodos de pago, incluso en el alcance necesario para realizar la autenticación, procesar su transacción, prevenir el fraude y gestionar las disputas. El Usuario empresarial que elija para hacer negocios también recibirá Datos de transacción y podrá compartirlos con terceros. Revise las políticas de privacidad de sus comerciantes, banco y proveedor de métodos de pago para obtener más información sobre cómo utilizan y comparten sus Datos personales. Servicios financieros . Determinados Usuarios empresariales utilizan nuestros Servicios para ofrecerle servicios financieros a través de Stripe o de nuestros Socios financieros. Por ejemplo, un Usuario empresarial puede emitir un producto de tarjeta con el que usted pueda comprar bienes y servicios. Esas tarjetas podrían llevar la marca de Stripe, del socio bancario o del Usuario empresarial. Además de los Datos de transacción que podamos generar o recibir cuando se utilicen estas tarjetas para comprar, también recopilamos y utilizamos sus Datos personales para proporcionar y gestionar estos productos, incluida la asistencia a nuestros Usuarios empresariales para evitar un uso indebido de las tarjetas. Para obtener más información, revise las políticas de privacidad del Usuario empresarial y, si corresponde, de nuestros socios bancarios asociados al servicio financiero (cuyas marcas pueden aparecer en la tarjeta). Servicios de identidad/verificación . Utilizamos Datos personales sobre su identidad para llevar a cabo servicios de verificación para Stripe o para los Usuarios empresariales con los que realiza transacciones, con el fin de prevenir el fraude y mejorar la seguridad. Para estos fines, podemos usar los Datos personales que nos suministre directamente o los Datos personales que obtengamos de nuestros proveedores de servicios, incluso para la verificación telefónica. Obtenga más información . Si proporciona una selfie junto con una imagen de su documento de identidad, podemos emplear soluciones tecnológicas para comparar y calcular si coinciden y verificar su identidad. Obtenga más información . Detección de fraudes y prevención de pérdidas . Utilizamos sus Datos personales recopilados en todos nuestros Servicios para detectar y prevenir las pérdidas que podamos sufrir usted, nosotros y nuestros Usuarios empresariales y socios financieros. A los Usuarios empresariales y Socios financieros, incluidos aquellos que utilizan nuestros Servicios empresariales relacionados con la prevención de fraude, podemos proporcionarles sus Datos personales (incluyendo sus intentos de transacciones) para ayudarles a evaluar el fraude o el riesgo de pérdida asociados a una transacción. Obtenga más información sobre cómo podemos usar la tecnología con el fin de evaluar el riesgo de fraude asociado a un intento de transacción y sobre qué datos compartimos con los Usuarios empresariales y Socios financieros aquí y aquí . Nuestros Usuarios empresariales (y sus terceros autorizados) . Compartimos Datos personales de los Clientes finales con sus respectivos Usuarios empresariales y terceros directamente autorizados por esos Usuarios empresariales para recibir dichos datos. A continuación se muestran ejemplos comunes de intercambio de datos: Cuando un Usuario empresarial pide a Stripe que proporcione otro Usuario empresarial con acceso a su cuenta de Stripe, incluyendo datos relacionados con sus Clientes finales, a través de Stripe Connect. Compartir datos que usted nos proporcionó con un Usuario empresarial para que podamos enviarle pagos en nombre del Usuario empresarial. Compartir datos, documentos o imágenes proporcionados por un Cliente final con un Usuario empresarial cuando este último utiliza Stripe Identity, nuestro Servicio de verificación de la identidad, con el fin de verificar la identidad del Cliente final. Los Usuarios empresariales con los que usted decida hacer negocios también pueden compartir sus Datos personales con terceros (como proveedores de servicios de otros terceros distintos de Stripe). Revise la política de privacidad del Usuario empresarial para obtener más información. Publicidad por parte de los Usuarios empresariales . Si usted inicia un proceso de compra con un Usuario empresarial, este último recibe sus Datos personales de parte de nosotros en relación con nuestra provisión de Servicios incluso aunque no termine su compra. El Usuario empresarial puede utilizar sus Datos personales para comercializar sus productos o servicios, con arreglo a las condiciones de su política de privacidad. Revise la política de privacidad del Usuario empresarial para obtener más información, incluyendo sus derechos para interrumpir el uso de sus Datos personales con fines de marketing. Más información . Para obtener más información sobre otros modos en los que utilizamos y compartimos los Datos personales de los Clientes finales, consulte más adelante la sección Más modos que utilizamos para recopilar, usar y compartir Datos personales . 1.3 Representantes Recopilamos, utilizamos y compartimos Datos personales de los Representantes de los Usuarios empresariales (por ejemplo, los propietarios de empresas) para proporcionar nuestros Servicios empresariales. Para obtener más información acerca del modo en el que recopilamos, utilizamos y compartimos los Datos personales de los Representantes, además de las bases legales en las que nos basamos para procesar esos Datos personales, visite nuestro Centro de privacidad . a. Datos personales que recopilamos sobre los Representantes Datos de registro y de contacto . Cuando usted se registra para crear una cuenta de Stripe para un Usuario empresarial (incluyendo la constitución de una sociedad), recopilamos su nombre y credenciales de inicio de sesión. Si se registra o asiste a un evento organizado por Stripe o se crea una cuenta para recibir comunicaciones de Stripe, recopilamos sus datos de registro y de perfil. Como Representante, podemos recopilar sus Datos personales de terceros (incluidos proveedores de datos) para anunciar, comercializar y comunicarnos con usted como se describe más adelante en la sección Más modos que utilizamos para recopilar, usar y compartir Datos personales . También podemos vincular una ubicación con usted para adaptar los Servicios o la información a sus necesidades de forma eficaz. Obtenga más información . Información de identificación . Como actual o posible Usuario empresarial, titular de un Usuario empresarial, accionista, agente o director de un Usuario empresarial, necesitamos sus datos de contacto, como el nombre, la dirección postal, el número de teléfono y la dirección de correo electrónico para cumplir con los requisitos normativos y de nuestro Socio financiero, verificar su identidad y prevenir actividades fraudulentas y perjudiciales para la plataforma de Stripe. Recopilamos sus Datos personales, como el interés de propiedad en el Usuario empresarial, la fecha de nacimiento, documentos de identidad emitidos por un organismo público e identificadores asociados, además de cualquier historial de fraude o uso indebido, directamente de usted y/o de fuentes disponibles públicamente, de terceros, como las oficinas de crédito y mediante los Servicios que proporcionamos. Obtenga más información . También puede optar por proporcionarnos los datos de su cuenta bancaria. Más información . Para obtener más información sobre otros tipos de Datos personales que podemos recabar de los Representantes, incluida su actividad en línea, consulte más adelante la sección Más modos que utilizamos para recopilar, usar y compartir Datos personales . b. ¿Cómo usamos y compartimos los Datos personales de los Representantes? Por lo general, usamos los Datos personales de los Representantes para proporcionar los Servicios empresariales a los Usuarios empresariales correspondientes. Los modos en los que utilizamos y compartimos estos datos se encuentran a continuación. Servicios empresariales . Utilizamos y compartimos Datos personales de Representantes con Usuarios empresariales para proporcionar los Servicios solicitados por usted o el Usuario empresarial al que usted representa. En algunos casos, tendremos que enviar sus Datos personales a una entidad pública para proporcionar nuestros Servicios empresariales, para fines como la constitución de una empresa o el cálculo y el pago del impuesto sobre las ventas aplicable. Para nuestros Servicios empresariales relacionados con impuestos, podemos utilizar sus Datos personales para preparar documentos fiscales y declarar los impuestos en nombre del Usuario empresarial que usted representa. Para nuestros Servicios de constitución de sociedades de Atlas, podemos utilizar sus Datos personales para presentar formularios en el IRS (Servicio de Impuestos Internos de los Estados Unidos) en su nombre y presentar documentos ante otras autoridades gubernamentales (como los estatutos en su estado de constitución). Compartimos los Datos personales de los Representantes con terceros autorizados por el Usuario empresarial correspondiente, como los Socios financieros que prestan un servicio financiero o las aplicaciones o servicios de terceros que el Usuario empresarial elige utilizar junto con nuestros Servicios empresariales. A continuación se muestran ejemplos comunes de intercambio de datos: Los proveedores de métodos de pago, como Visa o WeChat Pay, requieren información sobre los Usuarios empresariales y sus Representantes que aceptan sus métodos de pago. Estos datos se suelen solicitar durante el proceso de onboarding o para el procesamiento de transacciones y la gestión de disputas de estos Usuarios empresariales. Obtenga más información . Un Usuario empresarial puede autorizar a Stripe a compartir sus Datos personales con otros Usuarios empresariales con el fin de facilitar la prestación de Servicios a través de Stripe Connect. El uso de los Datos personales por parte de un tercero autorizado por un Usuario empresarial está sujeto a la política de privacidad del tercero. Si usted es un Usuario empresarial que seleccionó un nombre que incluye Datos personales (por ejemplo, el nombre de un propietario único o el apellido familiar en el nombre de una empresa), utilizaremos y compartiremos esa información para la prestación de nuestros Servicios del mismo modo que lo hacemos con cualquier nombre de empresa. Esto puede incluir, por ejemplo, mostrarlo en los recibos y en otras descripciones identificativas de las transacciones. Detección de fraudes y prevención de pérdidas . Utilizamos los Datos personales de los Representantes para identificar y gestionar riesgos de que nuestros Servicios empresariales puedan utilizarse para actividades fraudulentas que provoquen pérdidas a Stripe y a los Usuarios finales, Clientes finales, Usuarios empresariales y Socios financieros, entre otros. Asimismo, utilizamos información sobre usted obtenida de fuentes disponibles públicamente, de terceros, como oficinas de crédito, y de nuestros Servicios para abordar dichos riesgos, incluida la identificación de patrones de uso indebido y el monitoreo de incumplimientos de las condiciones de uso. Stripe puede compartir los Datos personales de Representantes con Usuarios empresariales, nuestros Socios financieros y proveedores de servicios de terceros, incluidos proveedores de verificación telefónica, obtenga más información , con el fin de verificar la información proporcionada por usted y los indicadores de riesgo de identidad. Obtenga más información . También utilizamos y compartimos los Datos personales de los Representantes para llevar a cabo la diligencia debida, lo que comprende revisiones contra el lavado de dinero y de sanciones conforme a la legislación aplicable. Publicidad . Siempre que la legislación aplicable lo permita, con los consentimientos de aceptación pertinentes, utilizamos y compartimos los Datos personales de Representantes con terceros, incluidos los Socios , para que podamos anunciar y comercializar nuestros Servicios e integraciones de Socios. De conformidad con la legislación aplicable, incluido cualquier requisito de consentimiento, podemos usar publicidad basada en intereses y hacer un seguimiento de la eficacia de esos anuncios. Consulte la Política de cookies de Stripe. No transferimos sus Datos personales a terceros a cambio de dinero. No obstante, podemos proporcionar sus datos a socios externos, como socios publicitarios, proveedores de análisis y redes sociales, que nos ayudan a anunciar nuestros Servicios. Obtenga más información . También podemos utilizar sus Datos personales, incluida la actividad de la cuenta de Stripe, para evaluar si reúne los requisitos y ofrecerle Servicios empresariales o promocionar Servicios empresariales existentes. Obtenga más información . Más información . Para obtener más información sobre otros modos en que utilizamos y compartimos los Datos personales de los Representantes, consulte más adelante la sección Más modos que utilizamos para recopilar, usar y compartir Datos personales . 1.4 Visitantes Recopilamos, utilizamos y compartimos Datos personales de Visitantes. Para obtener más detalles acerca del modo en el que recopilamos, utilizamos y compartimos los Datos personales de los Visitantes, además de las bases legales en las que nos basamos para procesar esos Datos personales, visite nuestro Centro de privacidad . a. Datos personales que recopilamos sobre los Visitantes Cuando usted navega por nuestros Sitios, recibimos sus Datos personales, ya sea porque usted nos los proporciona directamente o bien porque los recopilamos a través de nuestro uso de las cookies y tecnologías similares. Consulte la Política de utilización de cookies para obtener más información. Si desea completar un formulario en el Sitio o en sitios web de terceros en los que se muestran nuestros anuncios (como LinkedIn o Facebook), recopilamos la información que usted incluyó en el formulario. Esto puede incluir sus datos de contacto y otros datos relativos a sus preguntas sobre nuestros Servicios. También podemos asociar una ubicación a su visita. Obtenga más información . Más información . Para obtener más detalles sobre otros tipos de Datos personales que podemos recabar de los Visitantes, incluida su actividad en línea, consulte más adelante la sección Más modos que utilizamos para recopilar, usar y compartir Datos personales . b. ¿Cómo usamos y compartimos los Datos personales de los Visitantes? Personalización . Utilizamos los Datos sobre usted que recopilamos de las cookies y tecnologías similares para medir la interacción con el contenido de los Sitios, mejorar la relevancia y la navegación, personalizar su experiencia (como la preferencia de idioma y el contenido específico de una región) y organizar el contenido sobre Stripe y nuestros Servicios que está adaptado a usted. Por ejemplo, como no todos nuestros Servicios están disponibles a nivel internacional, podemos personalizar nuestras respuestas en función de su región. Publicidad . Siempre que la legislación aplicable lo permita, con los consentimientos de aceptación pertinentes, utilizamos y compartimos los Datos personales de Visitantes con terceros, incluidos los Socios , para que podamos anunciar y comercializar nuestros Servicios e integraciones de Socios. De conformidad con la legislación aplicable, incluido cualquier requisito de consentimiento, podemos usar publicidad basada en intereses y hacer un seguimiento de la eficacia de esos anuncios. Consulte la Política de cookies de Stripe. No transferimos sus Datos personales a terceros a cambio del pago, pero podemos proporcionar sus datos a socios externos, como socios publicitarios, proveedores de análisis y redes sociales, que nos ayudan a anunciar nuestros Servicios. Obtenga más información . Participación . Cuando interactúa con nuestros Sitios, utilizamos la información que recopilamos sobre y a través de sus dispositivos para generar más interacciones, como debates sobre los Servicios o interacciones con chatbots, para abordar sus preguntas. Más información . Para obtener más información sobre otros modos en que utilizamos y compartimos los Datos personales de los Visitantes, consulte más adelante la sección Más modos que utilizamos para recopilar, usar y compartir Datos personales . 2. Más modos que utilizamos para recopilar, usar y compartir Datos personales Además de los modos descritos anteriormente, también procesamos sus Datos personales de las siguientes formas: a. Recopilación de Datos personales Actividad en línea . En función del Servicio utilizado y del modo en que los Usuarios empresariales implementen nuestros Servicios empresariales, podemos recopilar información relacionada con: Los dispositivos y navegadores que usted utiliza en todos nuestros Sitios y en los sitios web, aplicaciones y otros servicios en línea de terceros («Sitios de terceros»). Los datos de uso asociados a esos dispositivos y navegadores y cómo interactúa usted con nuestros Servicios, incluidos elementos de datos como la dirección IP, los plugins, la preferencia de idioma, el tiempo invertido en nuestros Sitios y los Sitios de terceros, las páginas visitadas, los vínculos en los que hizo clic, los métodos de pago utilizados y las páginas que llevaban o hacían referencia a los Sitios y Sitios de terceros. También recopilamos indicadores de actividad, como indicadores de actividad del mouse, para ayudarnos a detectar el fraude. Más información . Consulte también la Política de utilización de cookies de Stripe. Datos de comunicación e interacción . Asimismo, compartimos datos que usted decide compartir con nosotros a través de diversos canales, como las solicitudes de soporte, correos electrónicos o redes sociales. Si responde a los correos electrónicos o a las encuestas de Stripe, recopilamos su dirección de correo electrónico, nombre y cualquier otra información que usted decida incluir en su correo electrónico o sus respuestas. Si interactúa con nosotros a través del teléfono, recopilaremos su número de teléfono y cualquier otro dato que nos proporcione durante la llamada. Es posible que se graben las llamadas con Stripe o con representantes de Stripe. Obtenga más información . Además, recopilamos sus datos de interacción, como su registro, asistencia o visualización de eventos de Stripe y cualquier otra interacción con el personal de Stripe. Foros y grupos de discusión . Si nuestros Sitios permiten publicar contenido, recopilamos los Datos personales que usted proporcione relacionados con la publicación. b. Uso de los Datos personales. Además del uso de los Datos personales descrito anteriormente, utilizamos Datos personales de los modos descritos a continuación: Análisis, mejora y desarrollo de nuestros Servicios . Recopilamos y procesamos Datos personales en todos nuestros Servicios, ya sea usted un Usuario final, Cliente final, Representante o Visitante, con el fin de mejorar nuestros Servicios, desarrollar Servicios nuevos y apoyar nuestros esfuerzos por lograr que nuestros Servicios sean más eficientes, pertinentes y útiles para usted. Obtenga más información . Podemos usar los Datos personales para generar información acumulada y estadística para comprender y explicar cómo se usan nuestros Servicios. Entre los ejemplos de cómo usamos los Datos personales para analizar, mejorar y desarrollar nuestros productos y servicios se incluyen los siguientes: El uso de analíticas en nuestros Sitios, incluso de la manera en que se describe en nuestra Política de utilización de cookies, para analizar el uso que usted hace de nuestros Sitios y Servicios y diagnosticar problemas técnicos. Entrenar modelos de inteligencia artificial para potenciar nuestros Servicios y protegerlos del fraude y de otros daños. Obtenga más información . El análisis y desarrollo de conclusiones a partir de los Datos de transacción para reducir costos, fraude y disputas, y aumentar las tasas de autenticación y autorización de Stripe y de nuestros Usuarios empresariales. Comunicaciones . Utilizamos los datos de contacto que tenemos sobre usted para llevar a cabo nuestros Servicios, lo que podría incluir enviar códigos por SMS para autenticar su identidad. Obtenga más información . Si usted es un Usuario final, Representante o Visitante, podemos comunicarnos con usted utilizando los datos de contacto que tenemos sobre usted para proporcionarle información sobre nuestros Servicios y los servicios de nuestros afiliados, invitarle a participar en nuestros eventos, encuestas o investigaciones sobre usuarios o para comunicarnos con usted de otro modo con fines de marketing, conforme a la ley aplicable, incluido cualquier consentimiento o requisitos de rechazo. Por ejemplo, cuando nos envía sus datos de contacto o cuando recopilamos sus datos de contacto comercial a través de nuestra participación en ferias comerciales u otros eventos, podemos usar esa información para hacerle un seguimiento respecto de un evento, proporcionarle información que solicitó sobre nuestros Servicios e incluirlo en nuestras campañas de información de marketing. Cuando lo permita la legislación aplicable, podemos grabar nuestras llamadas con usted para proporcionar nuestros Servicios, cumplir con nuestras obligaciones legales y realizar investigaciones y controles de calidad, así como con fines de formación. Redes sociales y promociones . Si opta por enviar Datos personales para participar en una oferta, programa o promoción, utilizaremos los Datos personales que proporcione para gestionar la oferta, programa o promoción. Además, utilizaremos los Datos personales que nos proporciona, junto con los Datos personales que publica en las plataformas de redes sociales, con fines de marketing, a no ser que no estemos autorizados para ello. Prevención de fraude y seguridad . Recopilamos y utilizamos Datos personales para ayudarnos a identificar y gestionar actividades que podrían resultar fraudulentas o perjudiciales en todos nuestros Servicios, habilitar nuestros Servicios empresariales de detección de fraudes y proteger nuestros Servicios y transacciones frente al acceso, uso, alteración o apropiación indebida no autorizados de Datos personales, información y fondos. Como parte de los esfuerzos de prevención de fraude, detección, monitoreo de seguridad y cumplimiento de la normativa de Stripe y sus Usuarios empresariales, recopilamos datos de fuentes disponibles públicamente, de terceros (como las oficinas de crédito) y mediante los Servicios que ofrecemos. En algunos casos, también podemos recopilar información sobre usted directamente de usted o de nuestros Usuarios empresariales, Socios financieros y otros terceros con los mismos fines. Además, para proteger nuestros Servicios, podemos recibir datos como las direcciones IP y otros datos de identificación sobre las posibles amenazas de seguridad de terceros. Obtenga más información . Esa información nos ayuda a verificar identidades, llevar a cabo comprobaciones de crédito siempre que se permitan a nivel legal y prevenir el fraude. Además, podemos utilizar tecnología para evaluar el posible riesgo de fraude asociado a las personas que intentan obtener nuestros Servicios empresariales o derivado de los intentos de transacciones de un Cliente final o Usuario final con nuestros Usuarios empresariales o Socios financieros. Cumplimiento de obligaciones legales . Utilizamos Datos personales para cumplir con nuestras obligaciones contractuales y legales relacionadas con la prevención del lavado de dinero, las leyes de «Conozca a su cliente» (KYC), las actividades antiterroristas, la protección de clientes vulnerables, el control de las exportaciones y la prohibición de hacer negocios con personas restringidas o en determinados campos empresariales, entre otras obligaciones legales. Por ejemplo, podemos monitorear patrones de transacciones y otras señales en línea y utilizar esta información para identificar el fraude, el lavado de dinero y otras actividades perjudiciales que puedan afectar a Stripe y a nuestros Socios financieros, Usuarios finales y Usuarios empresariales, entre otros. Obtenga más información . La protección, la seguridad y el cumplimiento de la normativa de nuestros Servicios son prioridades clave para nosotros, y recopilar y utilizar los Datos personales es fundamental en este esfuerzo. Menores de edad . Nuestros Servicios no están dirigidos a niños menores de 13 años y exigimos que no nos proporcionen Datos personales para solicitar Servicios directamente desde Stripe. En determinadas jurisdicciones, podemos imponer límites de edad superiores, según lo exija la legislación aplicable. c. Intercambio de los Datos personales. Además del intercambio de Datos personales descrito anteriormente, compartimos Datos personales de los modos descritos a continuación: Afiliados de Stripe . Compartimos Datos personales con otras entidades afiliadas de Stripe con los fines identificados en la presente Política. Procesadores o proveedores de servicios . Para proporcionar, comunicar, comercializar, analizar y publicitar nuestros Servicios, dependemos de proveedores de servicios. Estos proveedores ofrecen servicios críticos, como proporcionar una infraestructura en la nube; realizar análisis para la evaluación de la velocidad, precisión o seguridad de nuestros Servicios; verificar identidades, identificar actividades potencialmente dañinas y proporcionar un servicio de atención al cliente y funciones de auditoría. Autorizamos que estos proveedores usen o divulguen los Datos personales que ponemos a su disposición para prestar los servicios en nuestro nombre o cumplir con obligaciones legales pertinentes. Les exigimos a esos proveedores de servicios que se comprometan mediante contrato a cumplir con las obligaciones de seguridad y confidencialidad de los Datos personales que tratan en nuestro nombre. La mayor parte de nuestros proveedores de servicios están establecidos en la Unión Europea, Estados Unidos de América e India. Obtenga más información . Socios financieros . Compartimos Datos personales con determinados Socios financieros para proporcionar Servicios a los Usuarios empresariales y para ofrecer determinados Servicios junto con estos Socios financieros. Por ejemplo, podemos compartir ciertos Datos personales, como el volumen de procesamiento de pagos, la información de devolución de préstamos y la información de contacto de los Representantes con inversores institucionales y prestamistas que adquieran préstamos por cobrar o brinden financiamiento relacionado con Stripe Capital. Obtenga más información . Terceros con consentimiento . En algunas situaciones, puede que no ofrezcamos un servicio, sino que lo redirijamos a terceros (como empresas de servicios profesionales con las que colaboramos para ofrecer el Servicio de Atlas). En estos casos, divulgaremos la identidad del tercero y la información que se comparta con él y le solicitaremos a usted su consentimiento para compartir la información. Transacciones corporativas . Si realizamos o tenemos la intención de realizar una transacción que modifique la estructura de nuestra empresa, por ejemplo, reorganización, fusión, venta, empresa conjunta, cesión, transferencia, cambio de control u otra disposición de toda o parte de nuestra empresa, bienes o acciones, podremos compartir Datos personales con terceros en relación con dicha transacción. Cualquier otra entidad que adquiera nuestra empresa, total o parcialmente, tendrá derecho a seguir usando sus Datos personales, sujeto a las condiciones de esta Política. Cumplimiento de la normativa y prevención de daños . Compartimos Datos personales cuando consideramos que es necesario para cumplir con la legislación vigente; respetar las normativas impuesta por los Socios financieros en relación con el uso de su método de pago; ejercer nuestros derechos contractuales; asegurar y proteger los Servicios, derechos, privacidad, seguridad y propiedad de Stripe, de usted y de otros, incluyendo frente a otras actividades maliciosas o fraudulentas; y responder a solicitudes de procesos legales válidos de tribunales, organismos encargados de hacer cumplir las leyes, entidades reglamentarias y otras autoridades públicas y gubernamentales, que pueden incluir autoridades fuera del país de residencia. 3. Bases legales parar procesar Datos personales A efectos del Reglamento General de Protección de Datos (RGPD) y otras leyes aplicables de protección de datos, dependemos de una serie de bases legales para procesar sus Datos personales. Más información . Para algunas jurisdicciones, podría haber otras bases legales, que se describen más adelante en la sección Disposiciones relacionadas con la jurisdicción . a. Relaciones comerciales contractuales y precontractuales . Procesamos Datos personales para entablar relaciones de carácter empresarial con potenciales Usuarios empresariales y Usuarios finales y cumplir con las respectivas obligaciones contractuales con ellos. Entre estas actividades de procesamiento se incluyen: creación y gestión de cuentas de Stripe y de credenciales de cuentas de Stripe, incluida la evaluación de aplicaciones para poner en marcha o ampliar el uso de nuestros Servicios; creación y gestión de cuentas de Stripe Checkout; actividades de contabilidad, auditoría y gestión de cobros; procesamiento de pagos y actividades relacionadas, que incluyen la detección de fraudes, prevención de pérdidas, optimización de transacciones, comunicaciones relacionadas con dichos pagos y actividades relacionadas con el servicio de atención al cliente. b. Cumplimiento de la normativa legal . Procesamos Datos personales para verificar las identidades de las personas y entidades con la finalidad de cumplir nuestras obligaciones en lo relativo a la monitorización, prevención y detección del fraude, las leyes asociadas a la identificación y la notificación de actividades ilegales e ilícitas, como las normativas contra el blanqueo de capitales («AML») y de Conocimiento del cliente («KYC»), así como las obligaciones de presentación de informes financieros. Por ejemplo, es posible que estemos obligados a registrar y verificar la identidad de un Usuario empresarial para cumplir con los reglamentos diseñados para impedir el blanqueo de dinero, el fraude y otros delitos de carácter económico. Estas obligaciones legales pueden exigirnos que informemos sobre nuestro cumplimiento de la normativa a terceros y que nos sometamos a auditorías de verificación a terceros. c. Intereses legítimos . Cuando lo permita la legislación aplicable, nos basamos en nuestros intereses empresariales legítimos para procesar sus Datos personales. La siguiente lista proporciona un ejemplo de los fines empresariales para los que tenemos un interés legítimo en el procesamiento de sus datos: detecci | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Lucas Pereira de Souza Sou Desenvolvedor Full-Stack, graduado em Análise de Sistemas, com ampla experiência em tecnologias modernas e um forte alinhamento com a filosofia de Código Aberto, tão valorizada pela comunidade Joined Joined on Apr 14, 2023 Email address lucaspereiradesouzat@gmail.com github website More info about @lucaspereiradesouzat Badges Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 173 posts published Comment 1 comment written Tag 13 tags followed Shadcn/ui e a morte das UI Libs tradicionais2 Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Jan 12 Shadcn/ui e a morte das UI Libs tradicionais2 Comments Add Comment 6 min read Want to connect with Lucas Pereira de Souza? Create an account to connect with Lucas Pereira de Souza. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Shadcn/ui e a morte das UI Libs tradicionais1 Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Jan 12 Shadcn/ui e a morte das UI Libs tradicionais1 Comments Add Comment 6 min read Shadcn/ui e a morte das UI Libs tradicionais Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Jan 12 Shadcn/ui e a morte das UI Libs tradicionais Comments Add Comment 6 min read Shadcn/ui and the death of traditional UI Libs Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Jan 12 Shadcn/ui and the death of traditional UI Libs Comments Add Comment 5 min read Shadcn/ui e a morte das UI Libs tradicionais Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Jan 12 Shadcn/ui e a morte das UI Libs tradicionais 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Integration tests in Node.js with Mocha/Chai Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Jan 12 Integration tests in Node.js with Mocha/Chai # api # javascript # node # testing Comments Add Comment 6 min read Testes de integração em Node.js com Mocha/Chai Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Jan 12 Testes de integração em Node.js com Mocha/Chai # api # javascript # node # testing Comments Add Comment 7 min read Closures and Scopes in JavaScript Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Jan 4 Closures and Scopes in JavaScript # javascript # node # tutorial # typescript Comments Add Comment 3 min read Closures e escopos em JavaScript Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Jan 4 Closures e escopos em JavaScript # backend # javascript # learning Comments Add Comment 4 min read Understanding 'this' in JavaScript Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Jan 3 Understanding 'this' in JavaScript Comments Add Comment 4 min read Compreendendo 'this' no JavaScript Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Jan 3 Compreendendo 'this' no JavaScript # backend # javascript # node # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Configuring a Node.js environment from scratch Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Jan 2 Configuring a Node.js environment from scratch Comments Add Comment 4 min read Configurando ambiente Node.js do zero Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Jan 2 Configurando ambiente Node.js do zero # beginners # node # tutorial # javascript Comments Add Comment 5 min read JavaScript vs TypeScript: advantages and differences Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Jan 1 JavaScript vs TypeScript: advantages and differences # javascript # typescript # webdev Comments Add Comment 4 min read JavaScript vs TypeScript: vantagens e diferenças Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Jan 1 JavaScript vs TypeScript: vantagens e diferenças # codequality # typescript # webdev # javascript Comments Add Comment 5 min read Organizing technology events Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 31 '25 Organizing technology events # community # leadership # networking Comments Add Comment 5 min read Organizando eventos de tecnologia Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 31 '25 Organizando eventos de tecnologia # community # leadership # tutorial Comments Add Comment 6 min read Ferramentas de debug (DevTools e VSCode) Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 30 '25 Ferramentas de debug (DevTools e VSCode) # vscode # backend # tutorial # tooling Comments Add Comment 5 min read Decimal: JavaScript's future numeric type Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 29 '25 Decimal: JavaScript's future numeric type # computerscience # javascript # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Decimal: futuro tipo numérico do JavaScript Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 29 '25 Decimal: futuro tipo numérico do JavaScript # news # javascript # programming Comments Add Comment 4 min read Clean Code Principles Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 28 '25 Clean Code Principles # programming # typescript # backend # node Comments Add Comment 4 min read Princípios do Clean Code Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 28 '25 Princípios do Clean Code # softwareengineering # typescript # backend # node 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 5 min read Proxy and Reflect in JavaScript Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 27 '25 Proxy and Reflect in JavaScript # backend # javascript # node Comments Add Comment 6 min read Proxy e Reflect no JavaScript Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 27 '25 Proxy e Reflect no JavaScript # backend # javascript # node 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read node-cron for scheduled jobs Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 26 '25 node-cron for scheduled jobs # javascript # automation # node # tutorial Comments Add Comment 6 min read node-cron para jobs agendados Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 26 '25 node-cron para jobs agendados # javascript # backend # node # tutorial Comments Add Comment 7 min read Consultas geoespaciais com PostGIS Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 25 '25 Consultas geoespaciais com PostGIS # database # backend # postgres # tutorial Comments Add Comment 8 min read Qwik: instant loading framework Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 24 '25 Qwik: instant loading framework Comments Add Comment 5 min read Qwik: framework de carregamento instantâneo Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 24 '25 Qwik: framework de carregamento instantâneo Comments Add Comment 6 min read Developer Communities (JavaScript, TypeScript) Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 24 '25 Developer Communities (JavaScript, TypeScript) # typescript # community # backend # javascript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Comunidades de desenvolvedores (JavaScript,TypeScript) Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 24 '25 Comunidades de desenvolvedores (JavaScript,TypeScript) # community # backend # node # javascript Comments Add Comment 6 min read Mutation Testing with Stryker Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 23 '25 Mutation Testing with Stryker # node # testing # typescript Comments Add Comment 6 min read Mutation Testing com Stryker Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 23 '25 Mutation Testing com Stryker # testing # typescript # node # tutorial Comments Add Comment 7 min read VSCode Extensions Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 22 '25 VSCode Extensions # javascript # vscode # tutorial # beginners Comments Add Comment 4 min read Extensões para VSCode Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 22 '25 Extensões para VSCode # beginners # tutorial # vscode Comments Add Comment 5 min read Mapas mentais para planejar projetos Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 21 '25 Mapas mentais para planejar projetos # management # tooling # softwaredevelopment # productivity Comments Add Comment 5 min read Serverless vs contêiner vs VM Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 21 '25 Serverless vs contêiner vs VM Comments Add Comment 5 min read Desvendando o Vibe Code Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 6 '25 Desvendando o Vibe Code Comments Add Comment 3 min read Vibe Coding Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 6 '25 Vibe Coding Comments Add Comment 3 min read Converting RxJS Observables to Async/Await Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 6 '25 Converting RxJS Observables to Async/Await Comments Add Comment 3 min read Conversão de filtros RxJS para Async/Await Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 6 '25 Conversão de filtros RxJS para Async/Await Comments Add Comment 3 min read Cache in Browser vs. CDN Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 5 '25 Cache in Browser vs. CDN # devops # performance # webdev Comments Add Comment 3 min read Cache no browser vs CDN Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 5 '25 Cache no browser vs CDN # devops # performance # webdev Comments Add Comment 4 min read Integrando APIs REST externas Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 4 '25 Integrando APIs REST externas # javascript # tutorial # api # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Pair programming remoto Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 3 '25 Pair programming remoto # productivity # programming # vscode 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read Metodologias ágeis comparadas Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Dec 2 '25 Metodologias ágeis comparadas Comments Add Comment 4 min read Git rebase vs merge Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Nov 30 '25 Git rebase vs merge 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Desenvolvimento remoto no VSCode (Remote) Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Nov 29 '25 Desenvolvimento remoto no VSCode (Remote) # braziliandevs # tutorial # vscode # docker 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Extensões para VSCode Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Nov 28 '25 Extensões para VSCode Comments Add Comment 4 min read Prototipagem rápida com Figma Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Nov 27 '25 Prototipagem rápida com Figma # ux # design # ui # tooling 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Introduction to Responsive Design Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Nov 26 '25 Introduction to Responsive Design # mobile # design # beginners # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Introdução ao design responsivo Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Nov 26 '25 Introdução ao design responsivo # ux # design # beginners # webdev Comments Add Comment 3 min read Observer Pattern in JS Applications Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Nov 25 '25 Observer Pattern in JS Applications # designpatterns # javascript # ui 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Padrão Observer em aplicações JS Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Nov 25 '25 Padrão Observer em aplicações JS # designpatterns # javascript # tutorial # architecture Comments Add Comment 3 min read Comparação de ferramentas CI (CircleCI Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Nov 24 '25 Comparação de ferramentas CI (CircleCI Comments Add Comment 2 min read Content Security Policy (CSP) Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Nov 23 '25 Content Security Policy (CSP) # node # security # webdev Comments Add Comment 4 min read React Forms (React Hook Form) Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Nov 22 '25 React Forms (React Hook Form) # javascript # react # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read Formulários em React (React Hook Form) Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Nov 22 '25 Formulários em React (React Hook Form) # javascript # braziliandevs # react # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read Interactive maps with Leaflet.js Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Nov 21 '25 Interactive maps with Leaflet.js Comments Add Comment 3 min read Mapas interativos com Leaflet.js Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Nov 21 '25 Mapas interativos com Leaflet.js Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Amazon Web Services Follow Hide Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a collection of web services for computing, storage, machine learning, security, and more There are over 200+ AWS services as of 2023. Create Post submission guidelines Articles which primary focus is AWS are permitted to used the #aws tag. Older #aws posts 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Azure’s New GCP Connector: Single Pane of Glass for Multi-Cloud Management (AWS, Azure, GCP in 2026) inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Dec 29 '25 Azure’s New GCP Connector: Single Pane of Glass for Multi-Cloud Management (AWS, Azure, GCP in 2026) # gcp # ai # aws # azure Comments Add Comment 3 min read AWS ECS와 Elastic Beanstalk - 컨테이너 및 오토스케일링 dss99911 dss99911 dss99911 Follow Dec 31 '25 AWS ECS와 Elastic Beanstalk - 컨테이너 및 오토스케일링 # infra # devops # aws # ecs Comments Add Comment 1 min read Introducing Canvas Change Tracking in Bult.ai Bult.ai Bult.ai Bult.ai Follow Dec 30 '25 Introducing Canvas Change Tracking in Bult.ai # aws # azure # googlecloud # devops Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Build a Safe and Trustworthy AI Support Agent with Amazon Bedrock AgentCore WILLIAM OBIANA WILLIAM OBIANA WILLIAM OBIANA Follow Dec 29 '25 How to Build a Safe and Trustworthy AI Support Agent with Amazon Bedrock AgentCore # aws # ai # devops 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read 📜 AWS 118: Setting the Rules - Creating a Custom IAM Policy Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Follow Dec 29 '25 📜 AWS 118: Setting the Rules - Creating a Custom IAM Policy # aws # iam # devops # 100daysofcloud Comments Add Comment 3 min read DEV Track Spotlight: Supercharge DevOps with AI-driven observability (DEV304) Gunnar Grosch Gunnar Grosch Gunnar Grosch Follow for AWS Dec 29 '25 DEV Track Spotlight: Supercharge DevOps with AI-driven observability (DEV304) # aws # ai # observability # devops Comments Add Comment 6 min read 👥 AWS 117: Managing the Crowd - Creating Your First IAM Group Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Follow Dec 29 '25 👥 AWS 117: Managing the Crowd - Creating Your First IAM Group # aws # iam # devops # 100daysofcloud Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building in Public: My Experience as an AWS Community Builder and Lessons for Future Applicants Pawan Sharma Pawan Sharma Pawan Sharma Follow Dec 30 '25 Building in Public: My Experience as an AWS Community Builder and Lessons for Future Applicants # aws # awscommunity # awscommunitybuilders # cloudcomputing Comments Add Comment 4 min read AWS Account Best Practices: Secure Your AWS Account Before It's Too Late Danny Steenman Danny Steenman Danny Steenman Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 30 '25 AWS Account Best Practices: Secure Your AWS Account Before It's Too Late # aws # security # iam # governance Comments Add Comment 19 min read Dockerize a Snake and Ladder Game Application in EC2 Nandini Rajaram Nandini Rajaram Nandini Rajaram Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 2 Dockerize a Snake and Ladder Game Application in EC2 # webdev # programming # aws # docker 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 2 min read Migrate Droplet from DO to AWS using AWS Migration Application Service (MGN) Nam La Nam La Nam La Follow Dec 29 '25 Migrate Droplet from DO to AWS using AWS Migration Application Service (MGN) # aws # ec2 Comments Add Comment 4 min read I Built an On‑Demand Minecraft Host on AWS Fargate to Stop Paying Monthly Fees Eusebio Resende Eusebio Resende Eusebio Resende Follow Dec 27 '25 I Built an On‑Demand Minecraft Host on AWS Fargate to Stop Paying Monthly Fees # aws # minecraft # devops # serverless Comments 1 comment 4 min read DEV Track Spotlight: How Amazon Teams Use AI Assistants to Accelerate Development (DEV403) Gunnar Grosch Gunnar Grosch Gunnar Grosch Follow for AWS Dec 30 '25 DEV Track Spotlight: How Amazon Teams Use AI Assistants to Accelerate Development (DEV403) # aws # ai # kiro # productivity 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 11 min read Building a Secure Bastion Host Architecture in AWS: A Complete Step-by-Step Guide Sagnik Ghosh Sagnik Ghosh Sagnik Ghosh Follow Dec 28 '25 Building a Secure Bastion Host Architecture in AWS: A Complete Step-by-Step Guide # architecture # security # aws # devops Comments Add Comment 11 min read Why Refactoring AWS Infrastructure Taught Me More Than Building It Adil Khan Adil Khan Adil Khan Follow Jan 2 Why Refactoring AWS Infrastructure Taught Me More Than Building It # terraform # aws # infrastructureascode # devops 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 8 min read 🚀 Cracking a DevOps Interview in 2026? Start here 🚀 Prashant Lakhera Prashant Lakhera Prashant Lakhera Follow Dec 30 '25 🚀 Cracking a DevOps Interview in 2026? Start here 🚀 # devops # aws # llm # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read Unified Data Fabric: Serverless Spark on ROSA Integrating with AWS Glue Catalog Marco Gonzalez Marco Gonzalez Marco Gonzalez Follow Dec 29 '25 Unified Data Fabric: Serverless Spark on ROSA Integrating with AWS Glue Catalog # serverless # kubernetes # aws # dataengineering Comments Add Comment 18 min read Beyond Static: Launching My First EC2 Instance with User Data Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Follow Dec 29 '25 Beyond Static: Launching My First EC2 Instance with User Data # aws # ec2 # linux # devops Comments Add Comment 1 min read CleanCloud v0.4.0: How We Made Cloud Hygiene Scanning 10x Faster Suresh Suresh Suresh Follow Jan 2 CleanCloud v0.4.0: How We Made Cloud Hygiene Scanning 10x Faster # azure # aws # opensource # devops Comments Add Comment 5 min read Hybrid MLOps Pipeline: Implementation Guide Marco Gonzalez Marco Gonzalez Marco Gonzalez Follow Dec 29 '25 Hybrid MLOps Pipeline: Implementation Guide # machinelearning # kubernetes # aws # devops Comments Add Comment 20 min read 🚨 AWS 130: Routing the Private Way - Implementing a NAT Instance Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Follow Jan 10 🚨 AWS 130: Routing the Private Way - Implementing a NAT Instance # aws # networking # ec2 # 100daysofcloud 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building a Splunk Investigator Agent with Strands Agents and Amazon Bedrock AgentCore Jansen Ang Jansen Ang Jansen Ang Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 31 '25 Building a Splunk Investigator Agent with Strands Agents and Amazon Bedrock AgentCore # aws # ai # agents # mcp 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read My Experience Using the BMAD Framework on a Personal Project (Patience Required) Dan Gurgui Dan Gurgui Dan Gurgui Follow Dec 28 '25 My Experience Using the BMAD Framework on a Personal Project (Patience Required) # aws # architecture # engineering # testing Comments Add Comment 8 min read 🎥 Stop Stressing Over User-Uploaded Videos: A Serverless Guide to AWS MediaConvert & Lambda Khurram ali khan Khurram ali khan Khurram ali khan Follow Dec 29 '25 🎥 Stop Stressing Over User-Uploaded Videos: A Serverless Guide to AWS MediaConvert & Lambda # aws # serverless # webdev # architecture 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Distributed Systems & Networking: How is AWS Still Alive While Responding to Billions of Requests per Nanosecond? 🤔 Javad Javad Javad Follow Jan 3 Distributed Systems & Networking: How is AWS Still Alive While Responding to Billions of Requests per Nanosecond? 🤔 # discuss # tutorial # devops # aws 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/news/page/8#main-content | News Page 8 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close News Follow Hide Expect to see announcements of new and updated products, services, and features for languages & frameworks. You also will find high-level news relevant to the tech and software development industry covered here. Create Post submission guidelines When to use this tag : new service or product launched service, product, framework, library or language itself got updated (brief summary must be included as well as the source) covering broader tech industry/development news When NOT to use this tag : general news from media to promote people political posts to talk about personal goals (for example "I started to meditate every morning to increase my productivity" is nothing for this tag). about #news Use this tag to announce new products, services, or tools recently launched or updated. Notable changes in frameworks, libraries, or languages are ideal to cover. General tech industry news with a software development slant is also acceptable. This tag is not to be used for promotion of people, personal goals, or news unrelated to software development. Older #news posts 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Nov28, 2025 | The Tongyi Weekly: Your weekly dose of cutting-edge AI from Tongyi Lab Tongyi Lab Tongyi Lab Tongyi Lab Follow Nov 28 '25 Nov28, 2025 | The Tongyi Weekly: Your weekly dose of cutting-edge AI from Tongyi Lab # news # ai # machinelearning # opensource Comments Add Comment 4 min read Deep Dive: Why Podman and containerd 2.0 are Replacing Docker in 2026 DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Jan 1 Deep Dive: Why Podman and containerd 2.0 are Replacing Docker in 2026 # news # containers # devops # docker 7 reactions Comments 3 comments 12 min read Game Dev Digest — Issue #308 - Unity Roadmap, Tips, and more Game Dev Digest - The Newsletter On Unity Game Dev Game Dev Digest - The Newsletter On Unity Game Dev Game Dev Digest - The Newsletter On Unity Game Dev Follow Nov 28 '25 Game Dev Digest — Issue #308 - Unity Roadmap, Tips, and more # news # gamedev # unity3d # csharp Comments Add Comment 10 min read Your Coffee Break AI News Roundup: ChatGPT Customization, GPT-5.2, and What's Next in 2025 Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Follow Dec 21 '25 Your Coffee Break AI News Roundup: ChatGPT Customization, GPT-5.2, and What's Next in 2025 # news # ai # tech # chatgpt 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read ClickFix: A Rising Social Engineering Method Being Used to Deliver Malware GuardingPearSoftware GuardingPearSoftware GuardingPearSoftware Follow Nov 28 '25 ClickFix: A Rising Social Engineering Method Being Used to Deliver Malware # news # cybersecurity # security Comments Add Comment 5 min read NocoBase Weekly Updates: Optimization and Bug Fixes NocoBase NocoBase NocoBase Follow Nov 27 '25 NocoBase Weekly Updates: Optimization and Bug Fixes # news # opensource # lowcode # nocode Comments Add Comment 13 min read OpenAI’s ChatGPT Marks 3 Years, Transforming Work and Daily Life Worldwide Saiki Sarkar Saiki Sarkar Saiki Sarkar Follow Nov 27 '25 OpenAI’s ChatGPT Marks 3 Years, Transforming Work and Daily Life Worldwide # news # openai # ai # chatgpt Comments Add Comment 2 min read Event Opening - AWS Community Day Hong Kong 2025 Eliana Lam Eliana Lam Eliana Lam Follow Nov 27 '25 Event Opening - AWS Community Day Hong Kong 2025 # news # aws # community Comments Add Comment 1 min read The Data Gold Rush: Databricks Eyes $130B While Stack Overflow Pivots to Feed the AI Beast Vikram Lingam Vikram Lingam Vikram Lingam Follow Nov 27 '25 The Data Gold Rush: Databricks Eyes $130B While Stack Overflow Pivots to Feed the AI Beast # news # ai # datascience Comments Add Comment 5 min read Latest Updates in Vue Ibrahim Zbib Ibrahim Zbib Ibrahim Zbib Follow Nov 29 '25 Latest Updates in Vue # news # vue # javascript # typescript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 10 min read New winaudit crate designed for Windows Security Assessment | Audit. RelunSec RelunSec RelunSec Follow Nov 25 '25 New winaudit crate designed for Windows Security Assessment | Audit. # news # security # rust # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read Cursor AI 2.0: The AI Code Editor That Will 10x Your Productivity in 2025 PATETI CHANDU PATETI CHANDU PATETI CHANDU Follow Nov 25 '25 Cursor AI 2.0: The AI Code Editor That Will 10x Your Productivity in 2025 # news # ai # programming # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read Vercel vs Netlify 2025: The Truth About Edge Computing Performance DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Dec 26 '25 Vercel vs Netlify 2025: The Truth About Edge Computing Performance # news # serverless # cloud # javascript 2 reactions Comments 3 comments 14 min read 🚀 Integrating API Gateway with Private ALB: The New, Simpler, and More Scalable Way Afu Tse (Chainiz) Afu Tse (Chainiz) Afu Tse (Chainiz) Follow Nov 22 '25 🚀 Integrating API Gateway with Private ALB: The New, Simpler, and More Scalable Way # news # aws # network # apigateway Comments Add Comment 3 min read The $1 Takeover: How the U.S. Government "Nationalized" Anthropic Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Dec 26 '25 The $1 Takeover: How the U.S. Government "Nationalized" Anthropic # discuss # ai # anthropic # news 17 reactions Comments 6 comments 4 min read Introducing Gati — The Zero-Ops Backend Framework for the AI Era Krishna Paul Krishna Paul Krishna Paul Follow Nov 22 '25 Introducing Gati — The Zero-Ops Backend Framework for the AI Era # news # typescript # microservices # cloudnative Comments Add Comment 4 min read Critical Security Vulnerability Found in React Server Components (RSC) Hammad Zahoor Hammad Zahoor Hammad Zahoor Follow Dec 5 '25 Critical Security Vulnerability Found in React Server Components (RSC) # news # react # nextjs # security 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read Reading Ruby 4.0 NEWS with Pros Koichi Sasada Koichi Sasada Koichi Sasada Follow Dec 25 '25 Reading Ruby 4.0 NEWS with Pros # news # opensource # ruby 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 46 min read Unlocking TrendRadar: AI-Powered News Analysis ESROM BERHANE ESROM BERHANE ESROM BERHANE Follow Nov 22 '25 Unlocking TrendRadar: AI-Powered News Analysis # news # programming # ai # analysis Comments Add Comment 1 min read Big BOMB! 💣 PWA, Service Worker and Push Notification in WebForms Core 2 Elanat Framework Elanat Framework Elanat Framework Follow Nov 20 '25 Big BOMB! 💣 PWA, Service Worker and Push Notification in WebForms Core 2 # news # serviceworker # pwa # webformscore Comments Add Comment 4 min read You can now embed Cloud Run deployments directly in your DEV posts! Ben Halpern Ben Halpern Ben Halpern Follow for The DEV Team Dec 16 '25 You can now embed Cloud Run deployments directly in your DEV posts! # news # cloud # devto # forem 46 reactions Comments 7 comments 1 min read 📰 What’s New in React Version 19 — A Complete Guide with Examples Velspark Velspark Velspark Follow Nov 22 '25 📰 What’s New in React Version 19 — A Complete Guide with Examples # news # javascript # react # tutorial 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Glitch v1: An LLM with a personality, anxiety and a bit of attitude Buzzpy 💡 Buzzpy 💡 Buzzpy 💡 Follow Dec 22 '25 Glitch v1: An LLM with a personality, anxiety and a bit of attitude # news # ai # opensource # machinelearning 10 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read NocoBase Weekly Updates: Add AI employee for configuring chart NocoBase NocoBase NocoBase Follow Nov 20 '25 NocoBase Weekly Updates: Add AI employee for configuring chart # news # opensource # lowcode # nocode Comments Add Comment 6 min read You can now use YouTube videos as your cover video on DEV Posts (Also Mux and Twitch videos) Ben Halpern Ben Halpern Ben Halpern Follow for The DEV Team Dec 3 '25 You can now use YouTube videos as your cover video on DEV Posts (Also Mux and Twitch videos) # news # community # devto # forem 75 reactions Comments 24 comments 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/svasylenko/a-deep-dive-into-terraform-static-code-analysis-tools-features-and-comparisons-1kbf | A Deep Dive Into Terraform Static Code Analysis Tools: Features and Comparisons - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Serhii Vasylenko Posted on Apr 16, 2024 • Originally published at devdosvid.blog A Deep Dive Into Terraform Static Code Analysis Tools: Features and Comparisons # terraform # security # devops # development Many teams employ Terraform by HashiCorp to efficiently manage their infrastructure, leveraging its ability to automate the lifecycle of complex environments. Yet, integrating security scanning into Terraform pipelines often remains overlooked, exposing these environments to potential security risks and compliance issues. This article explores several prominent static code analyzers that support Terraform code and focus on its security scanning. This comparison will guide teams in choosing the right tool to enhance their security measures within Terraform workflows, ensuring safer and more compliant infrastructure management. Here are the tools we'll be reviewing: KICS , tfsec , Trivy , Terrascan , Checkov , and Semgrep OSS . While many of these tools also support other platforms and technologies, this review will concentrate exclusively on their functionality with Terraform. Why use Static Code Analysis for Terraform Static code analysis tools are necessary to enhance the security of Terraform-managed infrastructures. Unlike linters, these tools focus not on syntax errors or coding style but delve deeply into the code to identify security vulnerabilities and potential compliance issues without running the actual code. This proactive approach to security helps safeguard the infrastructure from potential threats before deployment. Key Benefits Early Detection: Identifies security vulnerabilities and misconfigurations early in development, preventing them from reaching production. Compliance Assurance: Ensures Terraform code complies with industry standards and internal security policies. Automated Security Integration: Seamlessly integrates with CI/CD pipelines, automating security checks to maintain a continuous focus on security. Actionable Insights: Delivers detailed vulnerability reports, facilitating swift and effective resolution. Scalability: Effectively handles increasing project complexity and size, maintaining rigorous security standards without additional manual effort. Expected Features Policy Coverage : The tool should offer comprehensive scanning capabilities to detect security vulnerabilities specific to Infrastructure as Code. Customizable Security Policies : It must allow users to define and adjust security policies and severity levels to align with specific project needs or compliance requirements. Seamless Integration : The analyzer should integrate effortlessly with existing CI/CD tools and version control systems, facilitating a smooth workflow. Detailed Reporting : Clear and actionable reports are crucial. The tool should prioritize issues based on severity and provide practical steps for remediation. Scanning Customization : Users should be able to tailor the scanning process to focus on particular aspects of the codebase, enabling targeted and efficient security assessments. With a clear understanding of the necessary features in a static code analyzer, which tools on the market best fulfill these criteria? Let's take a closer look at some leading options! Meet the Static Code Analyzers for Terraform Following on what makes a static code analyzer robust, let's dive into some open-source tools that exemplify these essential features. I picked six tools for my review. I know there are more on the market, but I focused on open-source, free-to-use tools and those that provide at least >100 out-of-the-box scanning policies for Terraform. KICS (stands for "Keeping Infrastructure as Code Secure"): Owner/Maintainer: Checkmarx Age: First released on GitHub on November 30th, 2020 License: Apache License 2.0 tfsec Owner/Maintainer: Aqua Security (acquired in 2021) Age: First released on GitHub on March 5th, 2019 License: MIT License tfsec project is no longer actively maintained in favor of the Trivy tool. But because many people still use it and it's quite famous, I added tfsec to this comparison. However, I recommend against using it for new projects. Trivy Owner/Maintainer: Aqua Security Age: First released on GitHub on May 7th, 2019 License: Apache License 2.0 backward-compatible with tfsec Terrascan Owner/Maintainer: Tenable (acquired in 2022) Age: First release on GitHub on November 28th, 2017 License: Apache License 2.0 Checkov Owner/Maintainer: Prisma Cloud by Palo Alto Networks (acquired in 2021) Age: First released on GitHub on March 31st, 2021 License: Apache License 2.0 Semgrep OSS Owner/Maintainer: Semgrep Age: First release on GitHub on February 6th, 2020 License: GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1 These tools are essential in enhancing Terraform's security posture and reflect a strong collaboration between open-source communities and enterprise backing. This blend ensures that the tools are not only accessible but also robustly maintained and up-to-date. Let’s explore how these tools stack up regarding features and usability. Comparing Out-of-the-Box Policies and Terraform Providers Understanding the number and variety of default policies each tool offers is crucial for those just beginning to explore security automation for Terraform. The extent of out-of-the-box policies can significantly ease the integration process of static analysis by providing immediate and comprehensive insights into potential security and compliance issues. Similarly, the number of supported Terraform Providers also plays a critical role. In this chapter, we delve into these foundational features across observed tools, helping you pinpoint which one could best satisfy your requirements for robust, ready-to-use security scanning. Tool Policies Supported Terraform Providers KICKS 663 aws, azure, gcp, kubernetes, alicloud, databricks, github, nifcloud tfsec 154 aws, azure, gcp, digitalocean, kubernetes, cloudstack, github, openstack, oracle Trivy 322 aws, azure, gcp, digitalocean, cloudstack, github, oracle, openstack Terrascan 790 aws, azure, gcp, digitalocean, kubernetes, docker, github Checkov 2110 aws, azure, gcp, digitalocean, kubernetes, github, gitlab, ibm, linode, openstack, alicloud Semgrep OSS 362 aws, azure, gcp As you can see, all tools support the "Big Three" cloud service Terraform providers—AWS, Azure, and GCP—for managing resources on these popular platforms. With over 2000 out-of-the-box policies, Checkov significantly stands out from the competition. This tool also leads in the total number of supported Terraform providers. While the default policies provide a strong foundation for security scanning, the ability to tailor these policies is just as crucial. Next, we'll explore how each tool accommodates custom policy capabilities, allowing you to fine-tune the policies to fit your project's specific requirements. Custom Policy Capabilities Default policies serve as the foundation, but the nuances of each project demand the extension of this base. Here, we delve into how each tool enables you to add custom policies, thus enhancing and refining the provided defaults. While all six tools support adding custom policies to their default set, they differ in terminology: 'policy' is the common term, whereas KICS refers to them as 'queries,' and Semgrep calls them 'rules.' Regarding policy syntax: OPA Rego syntax is used by KICS , Trivy , tfsec , and Terrascan . It's a powerful language widely adopted in the industry, though there's a learning curve that could pay dividends for future projects. YAML syntax is used by Checkov and Semgrep . This offers a familiar and straightforward start, with Checkov also allowing policies to be written in Python, albeit with some constraints. With YAML, the ease of use is balanced against the limitations set by the tool's capabilities. Understanding these differences will guide you to a tool that matches your security requirements, your team's expertise, and the scope of your infrastructure projects. To illustrate, here is an example of a KICS Rego policy checking for default RDS instance ports: package Cx import data.generic.common as common_lib import data.generic.terraform as tf_lib CxPolicy[result] { db := input.document[i].resource.aws_db_instance[name] enginePort := common_lib.engines[e] db.engine == e db.port == enginePort result := { "documentId": input.document[i].id, "resourceType": "aws_db_instance", "resourceName": tf_lib.get_resource_name(db, name), "searchKey": sprintf("aws_db_instance[%s].port", [name]), "issueType": "IncorrectValue", "keyExpectedValue": sprintf("aws_db_instance[%s].port should not be set to %d", [name, enginePort]), "keyActualValue": sprintf("aws_db_instance[%s].port is set to %d", [name, enginePort]), "searchLine": common_lib.build_search_line(["resource", "aws_db_instance", name, "port"], []), } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode And an example of a Checkov YAML policy forbidding specific EC2 instance types: --- metadata : name : " Org's compute instances should not be p5.48xlarge or p4d.24xlarge" id : " ACME_AWS_FORBIDDEN_EC2_TYPES" category : " NETWORKING" definition : or : - cond_type : " attribute" resource_types : - " aws_instance" attribute : " instance_type" operator : " not_equals" value : " p5.48xlarge" - cond_type : " attribute" resource_types : - " aws_instance" attribute : " instance_type" operator : " not_equals" value : " p4d.24xlarge" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode With the ability to tailor policies to our specific needs, we'll next explore each tool's capacity to integrate broadly, determining how well they play with the rest of our tech stack. Integration Capabilities Integration capabilities are the cornerstone of efficient DevOps practices. This section will evaluate how each static code analyzer enhances your tech stack through seamless integration with other systems and technologies. We will assess each tool against four key integration points that are vital for development workflows: Docker Image : Ensures easy deployment across any container-supported environment. IDE Plugins : Facilitates real-time feedback and improves code quality directly within the developer's workspace. CI/CD Systems : Supports direct integration through plugins or extensions, eliminating the need for manual downloads or CLI setups. Pre-commit Hook : Provides an early security checkpoint by scanning code before it is committed, catching errors at the initial stages. Tool Docker Image IDE Plugins CI/CD Systems Hook KICKS ✅ VSCode Github Actions, Terraform Cloud, Codefresh ✅ tfsec ✅ VSCode, JetBrains, Vim Github Actions ❌ Trivy ✅ VSCode, JetBrains, Vim Azure DevOps, GitHub Actions, Buildkite, Dagger, Semaphore, CircleCI, Concourse CI ❌ Terrascan ✅ VSCode GitHub Actions, Atlantis ✅ Checkov ✅ VSCode, JetBrains GitHub Actions ✅ Semgrep OSS ✅ VSCode, JetBrains, Emacs, Vim GitLab ✅ In addition to the table above, here are a few noteworthy features of some tools: Checkov supports OpenAI integration to suggest remediations. But be careful because AI tends to hallucinate. KICS supports applying auto-remediation for some of its out-of-the-box policies. This also applies to custom policies, where you can define remediations and apply them automatically. Terrascan is the only one that provides the VSCode extension to create and test custom policies written in Rego. Having covered the integration capabilities, let’s now focus on the output formats each tool provides. Output Formats Provided Output formats extend the utility of static code analysis, facilitating integration with the CI/CD feedback loop and enabling its use as an artifact in subsequent CI jobs. This chapter examines the variety of formats each tool supports for this purpose. Each tool offers a range of output formats tailored to different needs. For GitLab users : For teams leveraging GitLab's security scanning, KICS, Checkov, and Semgrep OSS are equipped with compatible output formats, facilitating smooth GitLab integration. For GitHub users : SARIF's adoption as an industry standard, particularly by GitHub for code scanning, makes it a must-have. All tools assessed offer SARIF support, ensuring interoperability and broad utility. JUnit Reports : The availability of JUnit output is crucial for capturing test results in a format recognizable by various CI systems. Trivy, Terrascan, Checkov, and Semgrep OSS support this, enabling clear visualization of test outcomes and enhancing the feedback loop within CI pipelines. Beyond these, each tool supports additional formats, enriching their application and versatility. Here's the full breakdown of the output formats, complementing the standard CLI output: Tool Supported Output Formats KICKS ASFF, CSV, Code Climate, CycloneDX, GItLab SAST, HTML, JSON, JUnit, PDF, SARIF, SonarQube tfsec Checkstyle, CSV, HTML, JSON, JUnit, Markdown, SARIF Trivy ASFF, Cosign, CycloneDX, JSON, SARIF, SPDX Terrascan JSON, JUnit, SARIF, XML, YAML Checkov CSV, CycloneDX, GItLab SAST, JSON, JUnit, SARIF, SPDX Semgrep OSS Emacs, GitLab SAST, JSON, JUnit, SARIF, Vim Moving from output formats to operational adaptability, let's investigate the customization options for scanner settings. This important feature allows each tool to align with varied project demands. Customizing Scanner Settings This chapter moves beyond the default scanner settings and delves into scanner settings' customizability, ensuring that tools can be calibrated for any development environment or security requirement. I will evaluate each tool against criteria that define a tool's adaptability and user-friendliness: Targeted Scans : Select specific directories for scanning or exclusion to focus on pertinent areas and skip irrelevant ones. In-Code Ignore Policies : Enable ignore directives within code to skip checks when exceptions apply selectively. Severity Thresholds : Set reporting to include only findings above a chosen severity level, concentrating on the most impactful issues. Configuration File : Employ configuration files for consistency and collaboration, enabling a 'configuration as code' approach. TF Variables Interpolation : Interpret and evaluate Terraform variables for an accurate security assessment of IaC. Module Scanning : For complete coverage, scans should include both local and remote (public/private) Terraform modules. Based on these criteria, the following table offers a comparative view of how each tool performs, giving you a clear snapshot of their customization capabilities: Tool Targeted Scans Ignore Policies Min Severity Config File Variables Interpolation Module Scanning KICKS ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ⁉️️ tfsec ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ Trivy ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ Terrascan ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ Checkov ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ Semgrep OSS ✅ ✅ ✅ ❌ ✅ ❌ Most reviewed tools meet nearly all the criteria set for scanner setting customization, demonstrating their flexibility and advanced capabilities. However, there are notable features worth considering: KICS: Provides limited module scanning capabilities, restricted to some public modules from the Terraform registry, and does not cover local or private custom modules. Terrascan & Trivy: Both feature server modes that centralize vulnerability databases. This centralization facilitates a unified approach to applying policies and configurations, enhancing consistency and efficiency for teams and reducing the management overhead of diverse policies across multiple projects. Semgrep: It doesn't support scanner configuration files; instead, it uses the "config" word to call the rule sets and accepts such configs. Notably, it also does not support the scanning of Terraform modules at all. Terraform Security Scanning: The Big Picture and Top Pick Here's a comprehensive comparison summary to guide your selection of the most suitable Terraform static code analyzer: Tool Default Policies Custom Policies Integration Output Formats Customization KICKS 663 OPA Rego ✅Docker, ✅IDE, ✅CI/CD, ✅Git Hook ASFF, CSV, Code Climate, CycloneDX, GItLab SAST, HTML, JSON, JUnit, PDF, SARIF, SonarQube ✅Targeted Scans, ✅Ignore Policies, ✅Min Severity, ✅Config File, ✅Variables Interpolation, ❌Module Scanning tfsec 154 OPA Rego ✅Docker, ✅IDE, ✅CI/CD, ❌Git Hook Checkstyle, CSV, HTML, JSON, JUnit, Markdown, SARIF ✅Targeted Scans, ✅Ignore Policies, ✅Min Severity, ✅Config File, ✅Variables Interpolation, ✅Module Scanning Trivy 322 OPA Rego ✅Docker, ✅IDE, ✅CI/CD, ❌Git Hook ASFF, Cosign, CycloneDX, JSON, SARIF, SPDX ✅Targeted Scans, ✅Ignore Policies, ✅Min Severity, ✅Config File, ✅Variables Interpolation, ✅Module Scanning Terrascan 790 OPA Rego ✅Docker, ✅IDE, ✅CI/CD, ✅Git Hook JSON, JUnit, SARIF, XML, YAML ✅Targeted Scans, ✅Ignore Policies, ✅Min Severity, ✅Config File, ✅Variables Interpolation, ✅Module Scanning Checkov 2110 YAML, Python ✅Docker, ✅IDE, ✅CI/CD, ✅Git Hook CSV, CycloneDX, GItLab SAST, JSON, JUnit, SARIF, SPDX ✅Targeted Scans, ✅Ignore Policies, ✅Min Severity, ✅Config File, ✅Variables Interpolation, ✅Module Scanning Semgrep OSS 362 YAML ✅Docker, ✅IDE, ✅CI/CD, ✅Git Hook Emacs, GitLab SAST, JSON, JUnit, SARIF, Vim ✅Targeted Scans, ✅Ignore Policies, ✅Min Severity, ❌Config File, ✅Variables Interpolation, ❌Module Scanning Integrating a Terraform security scanning into your development pipeline is a proven strategy to boost your security posture. These tools detect potential vulnerabilities early and enforce best practices and compliance standards, representing a proactive approach to infrastructure security. For teams not yet utilizing these tools, Checkov is my top recommendation: Biggest number of default policies and supported Terraform providers for a quick start. Custom policy support in YAML and Python for flexible policy creation. Wide integration options with Docker, IDEs, CI/CD systems, and Git Hooks for a smooth workflow. Please share your favorite tool in the comments below! Also, let me know if I missed a cool product that should have been included in the review. Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Serhii Vasylenko Follow I am an engineer from Ukraine. I like astronomy and everything related to DevOps. I thrive on developing great product offerings, great people, and great teams. Location Germany, Berlin Work Developer Experience Engineer at Grammarly Joined Dec 27, 2017 More from Serhii Vasylenko Mastering AWS API Gateway V2 HTTP and AWS Lambda With Terraform # aws # terraform # devops # serverless Hello terraform_data! 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Right menu 🧭 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Minimum Time Visiting All Points' – LeetCode 1266 (C++, Python, JavaScript) Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Jan 12 🧭 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Minimum Time Visiting All Points' – LeetCode 1266 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Find All Duplicate Elements in an Array (C++) Nithya Dharshini official Nithya Dharshini official Nithya Dharshini official Follow Jan 12 Find All Duplicate Elements in an Array (C++) # programming # beginners # tutorial # cpp 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read [BOJ/C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 정렬(2) dbsans dbsans dbsans Follow Jan 12 [BOJ/C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 정렬(2) # programming # cpp # coding Comments Add Comment 3 min read Hello, Newbie Here. Devon Pinkston Devon Pinkston Devon Pinkston Follow Jan 12 Hello, Newbie Here. # discuss # codenewbie # cpp # gamedev Comments Add Comment 1 min read [BOJ/C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 정렬(1) dbsans dbsans dbsans Follow Jan 12 [BOJ/C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 정렬(1) # programming # cpp # coding Comments Add Comment 5 min read Setup C programming language for Windows users Raphaël T Raphaël T Raphaël T Follow Jan 9 Setup C programming language for Windows users # programming # c # cpp # vscode Comments Add Comment 1 min read [BOJ/C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 브루트 포스 dbsans dbsans dbsans Follow Jan 8 [BOJ/C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 브루트 포스 # programming # cpp # coding Comments Add Comment 3 min read What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory Part 4 Hamza Hasanain Hamza Hasanain Hamza Hasanain Follow Jan 7 What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory Part 4 # programming # computerscience # ai # cpp 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read Level 1 Array & String Problems in C++ Nithya Dharshini official Nithya Dharshini official Nithya Dharshini official Follow Jan 11 Level 1 Array & String Problems in C++ # programming # beginners # tutorial # cpp Comments Add Comment 2 min read DocWire SDK in 2025 – Architecture, AI Pipelines, and Document Processing in Modern C++ Krzysztof Nowicki Krzysztof Nowicki Krzysztof Nowicki Follow Jan 7 DocWire SDK in 2025 – Architecture, AI Pipelines, and Document Processing in Modern C++ # cpp # softwareengineering # backend # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read M7 Week 1: Deterministic AI, Practical Pathfinding, and a Real 3D Audio Pipe (Bad Cat: Void Frontier) p3nGu1nZz p3nGu1nZz p3nGu1nZz Follow Jan 5 M7 Week 1: Deterministic AI, Practical Pathfinding, and a Real 3D Audio Pipe (Bad Cat: Void Frontier) # gamedev # programming # cpp # development Comments Add Comment 7 min read [BOJ/C, C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 기하 1: 직사각형과 삼각형 dbsans dbsans dbsans Follow Jan 5 [BOJ/C, C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 기하 1: 직사각형과 삼각형 # programming # c # cpp # coding Comments Add Comment 5 min read Errors during learning (c++) dolphine dolphine dolphine Follow Jan 6 Errors during learning (c++) # beginners # cpp # devjournal # learning Comments Add Comment 4 min read 🧱 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Maximal Rectangle' – LeetCode 85 (C++, Python, JavaScript) Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Jan 11 🧱 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Maximal Rectangle' – LeetCode 85 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript 25 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read 🧶 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Minimum ASCII Delete Sum for Two Strings' – LeetCode 712 (C++, Python, JavaScript) Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Jan 10 🧶 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Minimum ASCII Delete Sum for Two Strings' – LeetCode 712 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript 13 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read React Native em Alta Performance: Expo Modules, C++ e SIMD (ARM NEON) Emerson Vieira Emerson Vieira Emerson Vieira Follow Jan 5 React Native em Alta Performance: Expo Modules, C++ e SIMD (ARM NEON) # expo # reactnative # android # cpp 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read I built a C++ Reasoning Engine that holds 1.7TB of Knowledge in RAM – zelph v0.9.2 Stefan Zipproth Stefan Zipproth Stefan Zipproth Follow Jan 5 I built a C++ Reasoning Engine that holds 1.7TB of Knowledge in RAM – zelph v0.9.2 # cpp # algorithms # wikidata # opensource 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Copie arquivos via linha de comando com C++ Marcos Oliveira Marcos Oliveira Marcos Oliveira Follow Jan 3 Copie arquivos via linha de comando com C++ # cpp # cli 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Copy Files via Command Line with C++ Marcos Oliveira Marcos Oliveira Marcos Oliveira Follow Jan 3 Copy Files via Command Line with C++ # cpp # cli 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read MayaFlux 0.1.0: A Digital-Native Substrate for Multimedia Computation Ranjith Hegde Ranjith Hegde Ranjith Hegde Follow Jan 1 MayaFlux 0.1.0: A Digital-Native Substrate for Multimedia Computation # cpp # multiplatform # graphic # music Comments Add Comment 7 min read Memory Leak in C++ Sujeet Pandey Sujeet Pandey Sujeet Pandey Follow Dec 31 '25 Memory Leak in C++ # memoryleak # cpp # computerscience # coding Comments Add Comment 2 min read MarteoCLI: Democratizing the C++ Journey for Beginners Jhones Bomfim Jhones Bomfim Jhones Bomfim Follow Dec 30 '25 MarteoCLI: Democratizing the C++ Journey for Beginners # cpp # programming # opensource # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read What is cppsp? user19870 user19870 user19870 Follow Dec 30 '25 What is cppsp? # cppsp # programming # cpp # opensource Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building an IntelliSense-style Shell History Tool in C++20 Karthikey Karthikey Karthikey Follow Dec 30 '25 Building an IntelliSense-style Shell History Tool in C++20 # productivity # opensource # linux # cpp 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read [C++] const 키워드와 반복자 Seongcheol Jeon Seongcheol Jeon Seongcheol Jeon Follow Dec 29 '25 [C++] const 키워드와 반복자 # cpp Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... trending guides/resources Advent of Code 2025 - December 1st libmalloc, jemalloc, tcmalloc, mimalloc - Exploring Different Memory Allocators Advent of Code 2025 - December 3rd Advent of Code 2025 - December 9th Advent of Code 2025 - December 2nd Install MinGW-w64 on Windows 11 Advent of Code 2025 - December 8th Advent of Code 2025 - December 5th Advent of Code 2025 - December 4th Advent of Code 2025 - December 11th Comparing OpenBLAS and Accelerate on Apple Silicon for BLAS Routines Inter-Process Communication (IPC) in C++: Complete Guide Advent of Code 2025 - December 6th 7 Best Resources to Learn C++: My Journey from Confusion to Clarity Advent of Code 2025 - December 7th I Built a Game Engine from Scratch in C++ (Here's What I Learned) Advanced C Preprocessor Macros for a Pre-C23/C++20 __VA_OPT__ Substitute Multithreading in Modern C++: Lock-Free Programming, Memory Ordering, and Atomics Writing your first LLVM Transformation Passes - Dead Code Elimination and Constant Propagation Building a Professional PX4 Development Environment with Docker, ROS2, and VS Code 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/tim_alex_ba4bc28e6bdfc168/tuya-gerate-in-home-assistant-100-lokal-ohne-china-cloud-local-key-auslesen-13pa | Tuya Geräte in Home Assistant: 100% Lokal & ohne China-Cloud (Local Key auslesen) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Tim Alex Posted on Jan 5 Tuya Geräte in Home Assistant: 100% Lokal & ohne China-Cloud (Local Key auslesen) # homeassistant # privacy # iot # tutorial Wer günstige Smart Home Hardware auf Amazon kauft, landet fast immer bei "Smart Life" oder "Tuya" kompatiblen Geräten. Sie sind billig, funktionieren gut, haben aber einen riesigen Haken: Die Cloud . Jedes Mal, wenn du das Licht anschaltest, reist das Signal von deinem Haus zu einem Server (oft in China oder den USA) und zurück. Das sorgt für: Verzögerung (Latenz): Das Licht geht erst 1-2 Sekunden später an. Abhängigkeit: Kein Internet = Kein Smart Home. Datenschutz-Bedenken. Die Lösung ist die Integration LocalTuya . Damit steuerst du die Geräte direkt im lokalen Netzwerk. Doch dafür brauchst du den "Local Key" . Und den rückt der Hersteller nicht freiwillig raus. Hier ist der Weg, wie du ihn trotzdem bekommst. Schritt 1: Die Vorbereitung (Der "Bessere Weg") Ein ehrlicher Experten-Tipp vorab: Wenn du noch keine Geräte gekauft hast oder den Aufwand scheust, kaufe Hardware, die von Haus aus lokal funktioniert. Das spart dir Stunden an Lebenszeit. Die Premium-Lösung (WLAN): Shelly Plug S - 4 Stück Die Bastler-Lösung: Geräte mit vorinstallierter Tasmota-Software. Tasmota Socket NOUS A1T - 4 Stück Hast du schon Tuya-Geräte? Dann geht es jetzt ans Eingemachte. Schritt 2: Der Tuya IoT Account Um den Key auszulesen, müssen wir uns als "Entwickler" ausgeben. Gehe auf die Tuya IoT Platform und erstelle einen Account (nutze nicht deinen Smart Life Account, sondern erstelle einen neuen Developer-Account). Logge dich ein und gehe auf Cloud > Development. Klicke auf Create Cloud Project. Name: Egal (z.B. "HomeAssistant"). Data Center: Wähle Central Europe Data Center (Wichtig!) Zum Schluss überspringst du die Konfiguration der Services, die Standard-Einstellungen reichen. Schritt 3: Die App verknüpfen Jetzt verbinden wir deinen Developer-Account mit deiner Smart Life App auf dem Handy. Gehe im Tuya IoT Dashboard auf den Reiter Devices > Link Tuya App Account. Klicke auf Add App Account – es erscheint ein QR-Code. Öffne deine Smart Life App (oder Tuya App) auf dem Handy. Gehe auf Profil > oben rechts das Scanner-Symbol und scanne den QR-Code vom Bildschirm. Bestätige die Verbindung auf dem Handy. Schritt 4: Die Keys auslesen (Der Heilige Gral) Jetzt passiert die Magie. Gehe im Dashboard auf Devices > All Devices. Du solltest nun eine Liste all deiner Lampen und Steckdosen sehen. Hier siehst du die Device ID . Kopiere sie. Aber wo ist der Key? Leider versteckt Tuya diesen mittlerweile gut. Gehe links im Menü auf Cloud > API Explorer . Wähle im Menü links: Smart Home Device System > Device Management > Get Device Details. Gib deine Device ID ein und klicke auf "Submit Request". Im Antwort-Fenster (rechts) suchst du nach dem Eintrag "local_key": "...". * Kopiere diesen Key und speichere ihn gut ab! * (Zusammen mit der Device ID). Schritt 5: Integration in Home Assistant Installiere LocalTuya über HACS (Home Assistant Community Store). Starte Home Assistant neu. Gehe zu Einstellungen > Geräte & Dienste > Integration hinzufügen > LocalTuya. Wähle dein Gerät aus (es sollte automatisch im Netzwerk gefunden werden). Gib nun die Local Key ein, den du eben ausgelesen hast. Konfiguriere den Typ (z.B. "Switch" für eine Steckdose). Die ID ist meistens 1 (probiere 1, 2 oder 3, falls es nicht geht). Profi-Tipp: Internet sperren Sobald LocalTuya läuft, kannst du im Router (z.B. FritzBox) dem Gerät den Internetzugang sperren (Kindersicherung/Sperre). Ergebnis: Das Gerät funkt nicht mehr nach China, lässt sich aber über Home Assistant weiterhin perfekt steuern. Das ist maximale Privacy. Problembehebung: "Abo abgelaufen?" Der Zugang zur Tuya IoT Platform ist offiziell ein "Trial". Nach 1 bis 6 Monaten kann es sein, dass LocalTuya plötzlich nicht mehr geht. Lösung: Logge dich in die IoT Platform ein, gehe auf Cloud > Cloud Services und verlängere das "IoT Core" Trial (Kostenlos). Das ist nervig, aber notwendig. Fazit Tuya-Geräte lokal zu machen ist Arbeit, aber es lohnt sich für die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit. Wenn du diesen Prozess in Zukunft vermeiden willst, setze direkt auf Zigbee oder Shelly. Der stressfreie Weg: Shelly Plug S - 4 Stück oder Zigbee Plug Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Tim Alex Follow Joined Jan 4, 2026 More from Tim Alex ESPHome Gerät ständig "Offline"? So fixst du API-Errors und Boot-Loops beim ESP32 # esphome # esp32 # iot # debugging Home Assistant langsam? So rettest du deine SD-Karte & machst das Dashboard wieder schnell # homeassistant # database # performance # raspberrypi Zigbee Netzwerk instabil? 4 Profi-Tipps gegen "Offline"-Geräte & Interferenzen # homeassistant # zigbee # iot # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # rdf Follow Hide Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu What is SHACL? Fluree Dev Fluree Dev Fluree Dev Follow for fluree Feb 28 '24 What is SHACL? # shacl # rdf # knowledgegraph # datavalidation Comments Add Comment 4 min read Stay Classy in OWL Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Nov 14 '22 Stay Classy in OWL # rdf # owl # sparql # rules 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 16 min read Classification Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Sep 28 '22 Classification # rdf # owl # sparql # rules Comments Add Comment 10 min read What Can't I do, as a Rule? Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Aug 22 '22 What Can't I do, as a Rule? # rdf # owl # sparql # rules 4 reactions Comments 4 comments 13 min read How to convert between any two units in Java using qudtlib Florian Kleedorfer Florian Kleedorfer Florian Kleedorfer Follow Jul 21 '22 How to convert between any two units in Java using qudtlib # unitconversion # java # rdf # library 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to read File content into a rdfjs Sink? Torsten Marco Knodt Torsten Marco Knodt Torsten Marco Knodt Follow Oct 20 '21 How to read File content into a rdfjs Sink? # webdev # javascript # rdfjs # rdf 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read Tutorial: Build a To-Do List Generator With Fluree Flor Marshall Flor Marshall Flor Marshall Follow for fluree Apr 29 '21 Tutorial: Build a To-Do List Generator With Fluree # fluree # database # rdf # blockchain 19 reactions Comments Add Comment 15 min read Come help us improve RDF4J Jeen Broekstra Jeen Broekstra Jeen Broekstra Follow Sep 12 '20 Come help us improve RDF4J # hacktoberfest # java # contributorswanted # rdf 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Stuffing all Human History into One Knowledge Graph 26:23 Cheuk Ting Ho 🐍 Cheuk Ting Ho 🐍 Cheuk Ting Ho 🐍 Follow for TerminusDB Community Mar 23 '20 Stuffing all Human History into One Knowledge Graph # database # rdf # dataops # data 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read What is a knowledge graph - Pokémon edition Pieter Heyvaert Pieter Heyvaert Pieter Heyvaert Follow Jan 16 '20 What is a knowledge graph - Pokémon edition # knowledgegraph # rdf # linkeddata # pokemon 32 reactions Comments 1 comment 17 min read Current state of Semantic Web Evaldas Buinauskas Evaldas Buinauskas Evaldas Buinauskas Follow Dec 4 '17 Current state of Semantic Web # discuss # semanticweb # sparql # rdf 21 reactions Comments 9 comments 1 min read Why Graph Will Win Kevin Feeney Kevin Feeney Kevin Feeney Follow for TerminusDB Community Mar 23 '20 Why Graph Will Win # owl # graphdatabase # rdf # database 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # arduino Follow Hide Create Post Older #arduino posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Reflexes, Cognition, and Thought Jennifer Davis Jennifer Davis Jennifer Davis Follow Jan 7 Reflexes, Cognition, and Thought # showdev # arduino # hardware # beginners Comments Add Comment 5 min read The RGB LED Sidequest 💡 Jennifer Davis Jennifer Davis Jennifer Davis Follow Jan 5 The RGB LED Sidequest 💡 # showdev # arduino # hardware # beginners Comments Add Comment 3 min read Four Sketches and a Rewire: The Path to Droid Brains Jennifer Davis Jennifer Davis Jennifer Davis Follow Jan 5 Four Sketches and a Rewire: The Path to Droid Brains # showdev # arduino # hardware # beginners Comments Add Comment 4 min read Zephyr on Arduino UNO Q MCU Daniel Guerrero Daniel Guerrero Daniel Guerrero Follow Jan 2 Zephyr on Arduino UNO Q MCU # arduino Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🚀 Arduino Live System Monitor Using Node.js (jhonny-five) Muhammad Sheharyar Butt Muhammad Sheharyar Butt Muhammad Sheharyar Butt Follow Jan 2 🚀 Arduino Live System Monitor Using Node.js (jhonny-five) # programming # node # arduino # javascript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read MAX7219 Example (8 digit segment driver) Daniel Guerrero Daniel Guerrero Daniel Guerrero Follow Dec 31 '25 MAX7219 Example (8 digit segment driver) # arduino Comments Add Comment 4 min read Arduino vs STM32: When the Arduino Platform Becomes Limiting Tomasz Szewczyk Tomasz Szewczyk Tomasz Szewczyk Follow Jan 11 Arduino vs STM32: When the Arduino Platform Becomes Limiting # arduino # iot # stm32 # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Build an Arduino Automated Toll Gate System (RFID + IR) Messin Messin Messin Follow Dec 28 '25 Build an Arduino Automated Toll Gate System (RFID + IR) # programming # arduino # diy # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read Relearning the Arduino Jennifer Davis Jennifer Davis Jennifer Davis Follow Jan 4 Relearning the Arduino # arduino # hardware # beginners Comments Add Comment 3 min read MAX7219 Example (8 digit segment driver) Daniel Guerrero Daniel Guerrero Daniel Guerrero Follow Dec 31 '25 MAX7219 Example (8 digit segment driver) # arduino Comments Add Comment 4 min read Sending BLE Air Quality Data to Arduino Cloud Using BleuIO Bleuio tech Bleuio tech Bleuio tech Follow Dec 17 '25 Sending BLE Air Quality Data to Arduino Cloud Using BleuIO # bluetoothlowenergy # bleuio # hibouair # arduino Comments Add Comment 4 min read Build a Smart Traffic Management System Using IoT David Thomas David Thomas David Thomas Follow Dec 17 '25 Build a Smart Traffic Management System Using IoT # iot # arduino # diy # smarttraffic Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Made a Reference Guide for AMB25 Because Realtek Forgot To 🤷♂️ Nityam Sheth Nityam Sheth Nityam Sheth Follow Dec 25 '25 I Made a Reference Guide for AMB25 Because Realtek Forgot To 🤷♂️ # iot # arduino # cpp # realtek 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building a Modular Starter Kit for M5StickC-Plus2: From Messy Code to Clean Architecture ChristopherDebray ChristopherDebray ChristopherDebray Follow Dec 14 '25 Building a Modular Starter Kit for M5StickC-Plus2: From Messy Code to Clean Architecture # arduino # iot # developer # cpp Comments Add Comment 6 min read Adafruit: Arduino's Rules are 'Incompatible with Open Source' David Cassel David Cassel David Cassel Follow Dec 14 '25 Adafruit: Arduino's Rules are 'Incompatible with Open Source' # arduino # adafruit # opensource # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read Dual-Axis Arduino Solar Tracker – Boost PV by 40% Messin Messin Messin Follow Dec 9 '25 Dual-Axis Arduino Solar Tracker – Boost PV by 40% # diy # arduino # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read Integrating BleuIO with Adafruit Feather RP2040 for Seamless BLE Applications – Part 5 (Two-Way Communication) Bleuio tech Bleuio tech Bleuio tech Follow Dec 5 '25 Integrating BleuIO with Adafruit Feather RP2040 for Seamless BLE Applications – Part 5 (Two-Way Communication) # arduino # bluetooth # bleuio # adafruit Comments Add Comment 5 min read How to Send ESP32 Sensor Data to Miniviz for Real-time Visualization(Miniviz #1) Yoshida.T Yoshida.T Yoshida.T Follow Nov 30 '25 How to Send ESP32 Sensor Data to Miniviz for Real-time Visualization(Miniviz #1) # iot # esp32 # arduino Comments Add Comment 4 min read TM1637 Board Arduino Example Daniel Guerrero Daniel Guerrero Daniel Guerrero Follow Nov 18 '25 TM1637 Board Arduino Example # arduino Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Build India's Cheapest (Yet Most Effective) Penetration Testing Tool 🔥 Nitin Kumar Nitin Kumar Nitin Kumar Follow Dec 21 '25 How to Build India's Cheapest (Yet Most Effective) Penetration Testing Tool 🔥 # cybersecurity # arduino # badusb # securitytesting Comments Add Comment 7 min read Why using arduino-cli is better than building from Arduino IDE Kate Kate Kate Follow Nov 16 '25 Why using arduino-cli is better than building from Arduino IDE # embedded # arduino # beginners # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building a Precise Real-Time Clock with Arduino and DS3231MZ+ wangsheng wangsheng wangsheng Follow Nov 4 '25 Building a Precise Real-Time Clock with Arduino and DS3231MZ+ # webdev # arduino Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🔐 Control a Solenoid Lock with Arduino Mega (Using a Relay & Push Button) Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Follow Nov 19 '25 🔐 Control a Solenoid Lock with Arduino Mega (Using a Relay & Push Button) # arduino # beginners # iot # programming 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read Testing embedded projects: automate builds and simulate execution with Github Actions and Wokwi simulator Kate Kate Kate Follow Nov 21 '25 Testing embedded projects: automate builds and simulate execution with Github Actions and Wokwi simulator # arduino # embedded # wokwi # githubactions 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Build a Smart Object Detection Alarm with Arduino & HC-SR04 Sensor – Full Tutorial Elmer Urbina Meneses Elmer Urbina Meneses Elmer Urbina Meneses Follow Nov 13 '25 Build a Smart Object Detection Alarm with Arduino & HC-SR04 Sensor – Full Tutorial # arduino # ai # security # distributedsystems Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... trending guides/resources 🔐 Control a Solenoid Lock with Arduino Mega (Using a Relay & Push Button) Arduino vs STM32: When the Arduino Platform Becomes Limiting I Made a Reference Guide for AMB25 Because Realtek Forgot To 🤷♂️ Build an Arduino Automated Toll Gate System (RFID + IR) 🚀 Arduino Live System Monitor Using Node.js (jhonny-five) Build a Smart Object Detection Alarm with Arduino & HC-SR04 Sensor – Full Tutorial Testing embedded projects: automate builds and simulate execution with Github Actions and Wokwi s... Build a Smart Traffic Management System Using IoT Building a Precise Real-Time Clock with Arduino and DS3231MZ+ Relearning the Arduino Sending BLE Air Quality Data to Arduino Cloud Using BleuIO How to Build India's Cheapest (Yet Most Effective) Penetration Testing Tool 🔥 Building a Modular Starter Kit for M5StickC-Plus2: From Messy Code to Clean Architecture Four Sketches and a Rewire: The Path to Droid Brains Adafruit: Arduino's Rules are 'Incompatible with Open Source' TM1637 Board Arduino Example The RGB LED Sidequest 💡 Dual-Axis Arduino Solar Tracker – Boost PV by 40% Integrating BleuIO with Adafruit Feather RP2040 for Seamless BLE Applications – Part 5 (Two-Way C... 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https://dev.to/anmolbaranwal | Anmol Baranwal - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions Anmol Baranwal Technical writer (1.5M+ reads) • Open Source developer Everything about me at "https://anmolbaranwal.com" Email for collab Location India Joined Joined on Oct 21, 2022 Email address hi@anmolbaranwal.com Personal website https://anmolbaranwal.com github website twitter website Education Computer Science Work Technical Writer - open to opportunities Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close 4 Top 7 Awarded for having a post featured in the weekly "must-reads" list. 🙌 Got it Close #Discuss Awarded for sharing the top weekly post under the #discuss tag. 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Got it Close Show all 27 badges More info about @anmolbaranwal Organizations Tolgee Winglang CopilotKit Taipy Latitude Composio Opire Requestly forgecode GitHub Repositories form-builder Self-hosted form builder - describe your form, it builds itself and goes live instantly (Google Forms alternative). TypeScript • 43 stars Cool-GIFs-For-GitHub 🤝 Awesome List of GIFs & avatars to use in GitHub. Markdown • 1730 stars DevtoGitHub Save your DEV.to articles and reading list on GitHub with a bunch of useful options. TypeScript • 22 stars handle-multiple-issues Track if a contributor creates multiple issues with 10+ options 🔥 TypeScript • 4 stars Anmol-Baranwal A profile readme (60+ stars) with awesome workflows and ideas. Fork this and make your own! 69 stars Skills/Languages Next.js, TypeScript, React.js, C++ Available for Collaboration and sponsorships. send an email to hi@anmolbaranwal.com Post 97 posts published Comment 1026 comments written Tag 41 tags followed Pin Pinned I built and deployed a Voice AI Agent in 30 minutes! 🎉 Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Jul 12 '25 I built and deployed a Voice AI Agent in 30 minutes! 🎉 # ai # programming # tutorial # nextjs 166 reactions Comments 35 comments 12 min read The guide to MCP I never had. Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for Composio Apr 22 '25 The guide to MCP I never had. # programming # tutorial # mcp # opensource 251 reactions Comments 15 comments 22 min read Agents 101: How to build your first AI Agent in 30 minutes!⚡️ Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for CopilotKit Feb 18 '25 Agents 101: How to build your first AI Agent in 30 minutes!⚡️ # webdev # programming # ai # opensource 683 reactions Comments 63 comments 11 min read Yay! I created my first Portfolio! 🎉 Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Jan 24 '25 Yay! I created my first Portfolio! 🎉 # showdev # portfolio # nextjs # programming 193 reactions Comments 50 comments 4 min read 11 Practical Ways to Bring Side Income as a Developer 💰 Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for Opire Nov 20 '24 11 Practical Ways to Bring Side Income as a Developer 💰 # programming # beginners # opensource # productivity 1506 reactions Comments 107 comments 11 min read How Rube MCP Solves Context Overload When Using Hundreds of MCP Servers Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for Composio Jan 12 How Rube MCP Solves Context Overload When Using Hundreds of MCP Servers # mcp # productivity # programming # ai 18 reactions Comments Add Comment 17 min read Want to connect with Anmol Baranwal? Create an account to connect with Anmol Baranwal. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in I built a self-hosted Google Forms alternative and made it open source! 🎉 Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Nov 22 '25 I built a self-hosted Google Forms alternative and made it open source! 🎉 # showdev # opensource # programming # javascript 92 reactions Comments 20 comments 11 min read 11 problems I have noticed building Agents (and fixes nobody talks about) Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for Composio Oct 27 '25 11 problems I have noticed building Agents (and fixes nobody talks about) # ai # programming # tutorial # agents 35 reactions Comments 9 comments 17 min read 11 Powerful APIs for Your Next Project 🤯 Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Oct 22 '25 11 Powerful APIs for Your Next Project 🤯 # api # webdev # javascript # beginners 68 reactions Comments 10 comments 14 min read Here's How To Build Fullstack Agent Apps (Gemini, CopilotKit & LangGraph) Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for CopilotKit Sep 16 '25 Here's How To Build Fullstack Agent Apps (Gemini, CopilotKit & LangGraph) # programming # webdev # opensource # ai 273 reactions Comments 19 comments 19 min read Top 11 Document Parsing AI Tools for developers in 2025 Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Sep 13 '25 Top 11 Document Parsing AI Tools for developers in 2025 # ai # tooling # beginners # webdev 42 reactions Comments 5 comments 9 min read Document Parsing using GPT-4o API vs Claude Sonnet 3.5 API vs Invofox API (with Code Samples) Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Aug 21 '25 Document Parsing using GPT-4o API vs Claude Sonnet 3.5 API vs Invofox API (with Code Samples) # python # programming # api # tutorial 52 reactions Comments 6 comments 16 min read MCP Vulnerabilities Every Developer Should Know Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for Composio Aug 14 '25 MCP Vulnerabilities Every Developer Should Know # mcp # security # tutorial # ai 33 reactions Comments 1 comment 12 min read The Best Resources for Getting Started with Agents in 2025 Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for CopilotKit Jul 22 '25 The Best Resources for Getting Started with Agents in 2025 # opensource # webdev # programming # ai 201 reactions Comments 6 comments 16 min read Thesys React SDK: Turn LLM Responses into real time User Interfaces Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Jul 17 '25 Thesys React SDK: Turn LLM Responses into real time User Interfaces # react # ai # programming # javascript 155 reactions Comments 10 comments 15 min read MCP 2025-06-18 Spec Update: Security, Structured Output & Elicitation Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for forgecode Jul 4 '25 MCP 2025-06-18 Spec Update: Security, Structured Output & Elicitation # mcp # security # programming # tutorial 52 reactions Comments 2 comments 11 min read How to sync Context across AI Assistants (ChatGPT, Claude, Perplexity...) in your browser Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Jun 24 '25 How to sync Context across AI Assistants (ChatGPT, Claude, Perplexity...) in your browser # ai # opensource # tutorial # programming 140 reactions Comments 20 comments 9 min read The complete guide to building MCP Agents Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for Composio Jun 10 '25 The complete guide to building MCP Agents # mcp # python # programming # ai 69 reactions Comments 7 comments 16 min read How to make your clients more context-aware with OpenMemory MCP Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow May 13 '25 How to make your clients more context-aware with OpenMemory MCP # mcp # programming # ai # tutorial 103 reactions Comments 19 comments 12 min read Turn Any React App into an MCP Client in Under 10 Minutes Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for CopilotKit May 1 '25 Turn Any React App into an MCP Client in Under 10 Minutes # webdev # programming # ai # react 267 reactions Comments 27 comments 22 min read 30+ MCP Ideas with Complete Source Code Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for CopilotKit Apr 17 '25 30+ MCP Ideas with Complete Source Code # opensource # javascript # programming # tutorial 776 reactions Comments 50 comments 21 min read 12 problems Developers face while Testing and how to solve them Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Apr 3 '25 12 problems Developers face while Testing and how to solve them # testing # tutorial # productivity # powerfuldevs 113 reactions Comments 5 comments 23 min read Automate 90% of Your Work with AI Agents (Real Examples & Code Inside) 🚀 🤖 Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for CopilotKit Apr 1 '25 Automate 90% of Your Work with AI Agents (Real Examples & Code Inside) 🚀 🤖 # programming # ai # opensource # productivity 562 reactions Comments 22 comments 15 min read How to connect Cursor to 100+ MCP Servers within minutes Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for Composio Mar 27 '25 How to connect Cursor to 100+ MCP Servers within minutes # ai # tooling # mcp # beginners 310 reactions Comments 14 comments 12 min read How to Get Headless CMS in Next.js with One Line Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Mar 26 '25 How to Get Headless CMS in Next.js with One Line # nextjs # headless # programming # beginners 92 reactions Comments 5 comments 10 min read 10 common backend tasks and how to automate them Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Mar 24 '25 10 common backend tasks and how to automate them # backend # programming # javascript # tutorial 267 reactions Comments 21 comments 16 min read How I went from 0 to 1M views on Devto: 10 tips and lessons! 🎉 Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Mar 8 '25 How I went from 0 to 1M views on Devto: 10 tips and lessons! 🎉 # discuss # tutorial # beginners # writing 142 reactions Comments 27 comments 8 min read 10 Best QA tools that make debugging and bug reporting easier Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Feb 28 '25 10 Best QA tools that make debugging and bug reporting easier # productivity # tooling # testing # ai 69 reactions Comments 11 comments 11 min read 11 practical tips to make code reviews easier as a developer Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Feb 24 '25 11 practical tips to make code reviews easier as a developer # programming # beginners # codereview # tutorial 142 reactions Comments 26 comments 10 min read Best Chrome extensions for API development & testing in 2025 Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Feb 10 '25 Best Chrome extensions for API development & testing in 2025 # testing # api # webdev # productivity 77 reactions Comments 4 comments 9 min read The perfect Stack for building type-safe applications in 2025 Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Feb 5 '25 The perfect Stack for building type-safe applications in 2025 # backend # nextjs # programming # frontend 198 reactions Comments 23 comments 12 min read The Tech Stack for Building AI Apps in 2025 Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for CopilotKit Jan 21 '25 The Tech Stack for Building AI Apps in 2025 # ai # javascript # opensource # programming 445 reactions Comments 29 comments 23 min read 7 steps to building scalable Backend from scratch Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Jan 8 '25 7 steps to building scalable Backend from scratch # backend # programming # beginners # opensource 342 reactions Comments 28 comments 13 min read 7 practical ways to build Backends much faster as a developer Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Dec 19 '24 7 practical ways to build Backends much faster as a developer # backend # programming # opensource # beginners 257 reactions Comments 26 comments 11 min read This API Client is More Secure and Better Than Postman Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Dec 12 '24 This API Client is More Secure and Better Than Postman # api # opensource # programming # testing 70 reactions Comments 14 comments 7 min read These 7 AI Tools Helped Me Write Better Code in 2024 Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Dec 5 '24 These 7 AI Tools Helped Me Write Better Code in 2024 # productivity # programming # opensource # beginners 126 reactions Comments 21 comments 12 min read The Best Open Source API Mocking Tool for developers (With examples) Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for Requestly Dec 2 '24 The Best Open Source API Mocking Tool for developers (With examples) # programming # api # beginners # opensource 68 reactions Comments 9 comments 10 min read 10 Best Developer Tools to Make Backend Development Easier 👩💻 🚀 Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for Encore Nov 28 '24 10 Best Developer Tools to Make Backend Development Easier 👩💻 🚀 # typescript # programming # database # backend 280 reactions Comments 15 comments 15 min read 13 Projects You Don't Want to Pass Up to Win Cool Hacktoberfest Swag 🎁🎃 Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for CopilotKit Oct 21 '24 13 Projects You Don't Want to Pass Up to Win Cool Hacktoberfest Swag 🎁🎃 # opensource # react # javascript # programming 325 reactions Comments 19 comments 10 min read 17 Projects for Developers to Build AI Features 100x Faster 👩💻🔥 Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for Latitude Oct 17 '24 17 Projects for Developers to Build AI Features 100x Faster 👩💻🔥 # opensource # llm # programming # productivity 88 reactions Comments 11 comments 22 min read 17 Must-know React Projects for Developers 👩💻 🔥 Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for Tolgee Oct 16 '24 17 Must-know React Projects for Developers 👩💻 🔥 # react # javascript # programming # opensource 513 reactions Comments 54 comments 21 min read 11 Best AI Chat Tools for Developers in 2024 Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Oct 10 '24 11 Best AI Chat Tools for Developers in 2024 # opensource # productivity # ai # programming 124 reactions Comments 26 comments 14 min read 🎯 Case Study: How AutoKey is Exploring Opire to Attract Python Developers Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for Opire Oct 7 '24 🎯 Case Study: How AutoKey is Exploring Opire to Attract Python Developers # opensource # programming # python # javascript 19 reactions Comments 1 comment 8 min read How to Mock GraphQL API Responses 10x Faster Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for Requestly Oct 4 '24 How to Mock GraphQL API Responses 10x Faster # javascript # programming # webdev # react 45 reactions Comments 1 comment 10 min read 21 React Projects Too Awesome to Ignore Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for CopilotKit Oct 1 '24 21 React Projects Too Awesome to Ignore # react # javascript # opensource # programming 449 reactions Comments 26 comments 24 min read How to Do Software Testing 10x Faster Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Sep 22 '24 How to Do Software Testing 10x Faster # 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opensource # webdev # programming # javascript 90 reactions Comments 41 comments 16 min read Make your App 10x Secure with Arcjet Protection Layer Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Aug 8 '24 Make your App 10x Secure with Arcjet Protection Layer # programming # webdev # javascript # security 48 reactions Comments 7 comments 22 min read 17 Iconic Projects to Build Up Your Portfolio 💼 🚀🦾 Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for CopilotKit Aug 6 '24 17 Iconic Projects to Build Up Your Portfolio 💼 🚀🦾 # opensource # webdev # javascript # programming 421 reactions Comments 38 comments 21 min read Prompt Engineering For Developers: 11 Concepts and Examples 🎯🧙♂️⚡ Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for Latitude Aug 1 '24 Prompt Engineering For Developers: 11 Concepts and Examples 🎯🧙♂️⚡ # promptengineering # ai # llm # programming 259 reactions Comments 26 comments 19 min read 17 Most Powerful AI Tools for Developers Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for MarsCode Jul 29 '24 17 Most Powerful AI Tools for Developers # 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programming # productivity # webdev # opensource 499 reactions Comments 72 comments 22 min read List of 50+ organizations on DEV creating valuable content Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Jun 5 '24 List of 50+ organizations on DEV creating valuable content # discuss # writing # beginners # learning 91 reactions Comments 10 comments 4 min read How to build an HTML to PDF app in 5 minutes Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow May 25 '24 How to build an HTML to PDF app in 5 minutes # nextjs # webdev # programming # javascript 31 reactions Comments 10 comments 10 min read 25 projects that you can build with Python and AI Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow for Taipy May 21 '24 25 projects that you can build with Python and AI # webdev # programming # ai # opensource 333 reactions Comments 8 comments 29 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # tutorial Follow Hide Tutorial is a general purpose tag. We welcome all types of tutorial - code related or not! It's all about learning, and using tutorials to teach others! Create Post submission guidelines Tutorials should teach by example. This can include an interactive component or steps the reader can follow to understand. Older #tutorial posts 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu How To Generate Videos In N8N Workflows Step By Step Yassine Yassine Yassine Follow Nov 21 '25 How To Generate Videos In N8N Workflows Step By Step # ai # tooling # automation # tutorial 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read 🚀 Introduction to Git Worktree (With Oh My Zsh Aliases) Prakhar Yadav Prakhar Yadav Prakhar Yadav Follow Nov 17 '25 🚀 Introduction to Git Worktree (With Oh My Zsh Aliases) # productivity # git # beginners # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read CurlDotNet is Live on NuGet! Copy-Paste curl Commands 🚀 Directly into C# IronSoftware IronSoftware IronSoftware Follow Nov 16 '25 CurlDotNet is Live on NuGet! 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https://dev.to/vishalmysore/building-interactive-data-visualizations-in-a2ui-angular-a-complete-guide-c9a | Building Interactive Data Visualizations in A2UI Angular: A Complete Guide - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse vishalmysore Posted on Jan 12 Building Interactive Data Visualizations in A2UI Angular: A Complete Guide # angular # javascript # tutorial # ui Discover how to create powerful, interactive charts and graphs in your A2UI Angular applications using Chart.js. This comprehensive guide walks you through implementing a custom Graph component that seamlessly integrates with A2UI's message-based rendering system, enabling agents to generate dynamic data visualizations while maintaining full architectural compliance. Why Custom Graph Components Matter The ability to display interactive charts, graphs, and dashboards is crucial. While A2UI provides a robust foundation for agent-driven UIs, it doesn't include built-in visualization components. This guide solves that challenge by showing you how to extend A2UI's catalog system with custom Chart.js components that can render line charts, bar graphs, pie charts, and more—all while preserving A2UI's security model and data binding architecture. Demo https://vishalmysore.github.io/simplea2ui/ Code https://github.com/vishalmysore/simplea2ui What You'll Learn 1 Create a custom Graph component that extends DynamicComponent Register components using Angular's declarative catalog system 3 Handle A2UI's v0.8 data format conversion from adjacency lists to Chart.js-compatible arrays 3 Implement reactive updates using Angular's effect() for real-time chart updates 4 Maintain type safety with TypeScript interfaces extending Types.CustomNode Implementation Steps Step 1: Create Custom Graph Component File: src/app/graph.component.ts The component extends DynamicComponent<GraphNode> from @a2ui/angular : @ Component ({ selector : ' app-graph ' , standalone : true , template : ` <div class="graph-container"> <canvas #chartCanvas></canvas> </div> ` , styles : [...] }) export class GraphComponent extends DynamicComponent < GraphNode > implements OnInit , OnDestroy { // Implementation... } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Key aspects: Extends DynamicComponent: Provides access to component() , surfaceId() , weight() signals and processor for data resolution TypeScript types: Uses Types.CustomNode from @a2ui/lit/0.8 for type safety Reactive updates: Uses Angular's effect() to react to component signal changes Chart.js integration: Uses Chart.js library for actual rendering Step 2: Define Type Interfaces interface GraphProperties { [ k : string ]: any ; // Index signature for A2UI compatibility data : any ; graphType ?: string ; interactive ?: boolean ; title ?: string ; xLabel ?: string ; yLabel ?: string ; } interface GraphNode extends Types . CustomNode { type : ' Graph ' ; properties : GraphProperties ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The GraphNode interface: Extends Types.CustomNode from A2UI's type system Defines the structure expected by A2UI's MessageProcessor Includes [k: string]: any index signature for compatibility Step 3: Register in Component Catalog File: src/app/app.config.ts import { provideA2UI , DEFAULT_CATALOG } from ' @a2ui/angular ' ; import { GraphComponent } from ' ./graph.component ' ; export const appConfig : ApplicationConfig = { providers : [ provideA2UI ({ catalog : { ... DEFAULT_CATALOG , Graph : () => import ( ' ./graph.component ' ). then ( m => m . GraphComponent ) }, theme : theme , }), ], }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Why this approach: Lazy loading: Uses dynamic import for optimal bundle size Extends DEFAULT_CATALOG: Preserves all standard A2UI components Angular-specific: Angular uses declarative catalog configuration vs. runtime registration Step 4: Data Resolution Through MessageProcessor The critical part - resolving data paths through A2UI's system: private createChart () { const comp = this . component (); const props = comp . properties ; const surfaceId = this . surfaceId (); let data : any [] = []; if ( props . data && typeof props . data === ' object ' && ' path ' in props . data ) { // Resolve through MessageProcessor const resolvedData = this . processor . getData ( comp , props . data . path , surfaceId || '' ); // Convert A2UI v0.8 Map format to array if ( resolvedData instanceof Map ) { data = Array . from ( resolvedData . values ()). map (( innerMap : any ) => { if ( innerMap instanceof Map ) { const obj : any = {}; innerMap . forEach (( value : any , key : string ) => { obj [ key ] = value ; }); return obj ; } return innerMap ; }); } } // Create Chart.js chart with resolved data this . chart = new Chart ( ctx , config ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Key points: Uses this.processor.getData() to resolve data paths Handles A2UI's v0.8 data format (nested Maps) Converts to simple JavaScript objects for Chart.js Step 5: Backend JSON Message Format File: examples/GraphDashboard-Backend.json The backend sends standard A2UI messages: [ { "surfaceUpdate" : { "surfaceId" : "analytics_dashboard" , "components" : [ { "id" : "monthly_sales_graph" , "component" : { "Graph" : { "data" : { "path" : "/monthlySales" }, "graphType" : "line" , "title" : "Monthly Sales (2025)" , "xLabel" : "Month" , "yLabel" : "Revenue ($)" , "interactive" : true } } } ] } }, { "dataModelUpdate" : { "surfaceId" : "analytics_dashboard" , "contents" : [ { "key" : "monthlySales" , "valueArray" : [ { "key" : "0" , "valueMap" : [ { "key" : "x" , "valueString" : "Jan" }, { "key" : "y" , "valueNumber" : 12500 } ] } ] } ] } }, { "beginRendering" : { "root" : "root" , "surfaceId" : "analytics_dashboard" } } ] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Message flow: surfaceUpdate - Declares Graph components with data path bindings dataModelUpdate - Provides data in A2UI's adjacency list format beginRendering - Triggers rendering Why This Architecture Works Angular vs. Web Renderer Differences Web Renderer (Lit): import { componentRegistry } from ' ./component-registry.js ' ; componentRegistry . register ( ' Graph ' , A2uiGraphComponent ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Angular Renderer: provideA2UI ({ catalog : { Graph : () => import ( ' ./graph.component ' ). then ( m => m . GraphComponent ) } }) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Angular uses declarative configuration at app startup rather than runtime registration . Benefits of This Approach Type Safety: Full TypeScript support with A2UI's type system Lazy Loading: Graph component only loads when needed No Workarounds: No manual component extraction or custom message handling Standard Pipeline: Uses A2UI's MessageProcessor for all data resolution Reactive: Automatically updates when data changes via Angular signals Framework Aligned: Follows Angular's dependency injection philosophy Data Format Conversion A2UI v0.8 uses an adjacency list format with Maps: Map { '0' => Map { 'x' => 'Jan', 'y' => 12500 }, '1' => Map { 'x' => 'Feb', 'y' => 15800 } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode We convert this to Chart.js format: [ { x : ' Jan ' , y : 12500 }, { x : ' Feb ' , y : 15800 } ] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Supported Graph Types line - Line charts bar - Bar charts pie - Pie charts doughnut - Doughnut charts radar - Radar charts polarArea - Polar area charts Mobile Responsiveness The component includes responsive styles: .graph-container { height : 400px ; } @media ( max-width : 768px ) { .graph-container { height : 300px ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Chart.js automatically handles responsive resizing. Debugging Console logging shows the data flow: GraphComponent - Creating chart: {componentId, surfaceId, props} GraphComponent - Raw resolved data: Map(12) {...} GraphComponent - Converted data: [{x: 'Jan', y: 12500}, ...] GraphComponent - Final data array length: 12 GraphComponent - Chart data: {labels, values, graphType, title} Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Complete File Structure src/app/ ├── graph.component.ts # Custom Graph component ├── app.config.ts # Catalog registration └── theme.ts # (existing theme config) examples/ ├── GraphDashboard-Backend.json # Full dashboard example └── SimpleGraph-Backend.json # Simple single graph example Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Testing Start dev server: ng serve Open http://localhost:4200 Click "Test JSON" button Paste JSON from GraphDashboard-Backend.json Click "Render Test" Verify graphs display with correct data Conclusion This implementation demonstrates how to create custom components for A2UI Angular that: Follow A2UI's architecture strictly Use the catalog system for component registration Resolve data through MessageProcessor Maintain type safety with TypeScript Work seamlessly with A2UI's message-based rendering The key difference from the web renderer is using declarative catalog configuration instead of runtime registration, which aligns with Angular's architectural philosophy. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse vishalmysore Follow Experienced Software Architect and Developer. Hold Multiple patents on software Engineering and AI Location Toronto Joined Mar 26, 2024 More from vishalmysore A2UI Protocol: Building Intelligent Agent-to-User Interfaces # google # ai # agents # ui GraphRAG : From Zero to Hero # rag # database # llm # tutorial Fraud Detection with Knowledge Graphs: A Protégé and VidyaAstra Approach # cybersecurity # database # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dev.to/datalaria/proyecto-weather-service-parte-2-construyendo-el-frontend-interactivo-con-github-pages-o-netlify-3oc0#3-obtenci%C3%B3n-parseo-y-dibujado-de-datos | Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 2): Construyendo el Frontend Interactivo con GitHub Pages o Netlify y JavaScript - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Daniel for Datalaria Posted on Jan 13 • Originally published at datalaria.com Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 2): Construyendo el Frontend Interactivo con GitHub Pages o Netlify y JavaScript # frontend # javascript # spanish # tutorial En la primera parte de esta serie , sentamos las bases de nuestro servicio meteorológico global. Construimos un script de Python para obtener datos del clima de OpenWeatherMap, los almacenamos eficientemente en ficheros CSV separados por ciudad y automatizamos todo el proceso de recolección utilizando GitHub Actions. Nuestro "robot" está diligentemente recopilando datos 24/7. Pero, ¿de qué sirven los datos si no puedes verlos? Hoy, cambiamos nuestro enfoque al frontend : la construcción de un dashboard interactivo y fácil de usar que permita a cualquiera explorar los datos meteorológicos que hemos recopilado. Aprovecharemos el poder del alojamiento de sitios estáticos con GitHub Pages o Netlify , utilizaremos JavaScript "vainilla" para darle vida y nos apoyaremos en algunas excelentes librerías para el manejo y la visualización de datos. ¡Hagamos que nuestros datos brillen! Alojamiento Web Gratuito: GitHub Pages vs. Netlify El primer obstáculo para cualquier proyecto web es el alojamiento. Los servidores tradicionales pueden ser costosos y complejos de gestionar. Siguiendo nuestra filosofía "serverless y gratis", tanto GitHub Pages como Netlify son soluciones perfectas para alojar sitios web estáticos directamente desde tu repositorio de GitHub. Opción 1: GitHub Pages Permite alojar sitios web estáticos directamente desde tu repositorio de GitHub. La activación es trivial: Ve a Settings > Pages en tu repositorio. Selecciona tu rama main (o la rama que contenga tu contenido web) como fuente. Elige la carpeta /root (o una carpeta /docs si lo prefieres) como la ubicación de tus archivos web. Haz clic en Save . Y así, tu archivo index.html (y cualquier recurso vinculado) se vuelve accesible públicamente en una URL como https://tu-usuario.github.io/tu-nombre-de-repositorio/ . ¡Sencillo, efectivo y gratuito! 🚀 Opción 2: Netlify (¡la elección final para este proyecto!) Para este proyecto, finalmente he optado por Netlify por su flexibilidad, la facilidad para gestionar dominios personalizados y su integración con el despliegue continuo. Además, me permite alojar el proyecto directamente bajo mi dominio de Datalaria ( https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ ). Pasos para desplegar en Netlify: Conectar tu Repositorio : Inicia sesión en Netlify. Haz clic en "Add new site" y luego en "Import an existing project". Conecta tu cuenta de GitHub y selecciona el repositorio de tu proyecto Weather Service. Configuración de Despliegue : Owner : Tu cuenta de GitHub. Branch to deploy : main (o la rama donde tengas tu código frontend). Base directory : Deja esto vacío si tu index.html y assets están en la raíz del repositorio, o especifica una subcarpeta si es el caso (ej., /frontend ). Build command : Déjalo vacío, ya que nuestro frontend es puramente estático sin necesidad de un paso de build (sin frameworks como React/Vue). Publish directory : . (o la subcarpeta que contenga tus archivos estáticos, ej., /frontend ). Desplegar Sitio : Haz clic en "Deploy site". Netlify tomará tu repositorio, lo desplegará y te proporcionará una URL aleatoria. Dominio Personalizado (Opcional pero recomendado) : Para usar un dominio como datalaria.com/apps/weather/ : Ve a Site settings > Domain management > Domains > Add a custom domain . Sigue los pasos para añadir tu dominio y configurarlo con los DNS de tu proveedor (añadiendo registros CNAME o A ). Para la ruta específica ( /apps/weather/ ), necesitarás configurar una "subcarpeta" o "base URL" en tu aplicación si no está directamente en la raíz del dominio. En este caso, nuestro index.html está diseñado para ser servido desde una subruta. Netlify gestiona esto de forma transparente una vez que el sitio está desplegado y tu dominio configurado. ¡Así de sencillo! Cada git push a tu rama configurada activará un nuevo despliegue en Netlify, manteniendo tu dashboard siempre actualizado. La Pila Tecnológica del Frontend: HTML, CSS y JavaScript (con una pequeña ayuda) Para este dashboard, opté por un enfoque ligero: HTML puro para la estructura, un poco de CSS para los estilos y JavaScript "vainilla" (sin frameworks complejos) para la interactividad. Para manejar tareas específicas, incorporé dos librerías fantásticas: PapaParse.js : El mejor parser de CSV del lado del cliente para el navegador. Es el puente entre nuestros archivos CSV en bruto y las estructuras de datos de JavaScript que necesitamos para la visualización. Chart.js : Una potente y flexible librería de gráficos JavaScript que facilita enormemente la creación de gráficos bonitos, responsivos e interactivos. La Lógica del Dashboard: Dando Vida a los Datos en index.html Nuestro index.html actúa como el lienzo principal, orquestando la obtención, el parseo y la representación de los datos meteorológicos. 1. Carga Dinámica de Ciudades En lugar de codificar una lista de ciudades, queremos que nuestro dashboard se actualice automáticamente si añadimos nuevas ciudades en el backend. Lo logramos obteniendo un simple archivo ciudades.txt (que contiene un nombre de ciudad por línea) y poblando dinámicamente un elemento desplegable <select> utilizando la API fetch de JavaScript. const citySelector = document . getElementById ( ' citySelector ' ); let myChart = null ; // Variable global para almacenar la instancia de Chart.js async function cargarListaCiudades () { try { const response = await fetch ( ' ciudades.txt ' ); const text = await response . text (); // Filtramos las líneas vacías del archivo de texto const ciudades = text . split ( ' \n ' ). filter ( line => line . trim () !== '' ); ciudades . forEach ( ciudad => { const option = document . createElement ( ' option ' ); option . value = ciudad ; option . textContent = ciudad ; citySelector . appendChild ( option ); }); // Cargamos la primera ciudad por defecto al inicio de la página if ( ciudades . length > 0 ) { cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudades [ 0 ]); } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Error cargando la lista de ciudades: ' , error ); // Opcional: Mostrar un mensaje de error amigable al usuario } } // Disparamos la carga de ciudades cuando el DOM esté completamente cargado document . addEventListener ( ' DOMContentLoaded ' , cargarListaCiudades ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Reacción a la Selección del Usuario Cuando un usuario selecciona una ciudad del desplegable, necesitamos responder de inmediato. Un addEventListener en el elemento <select> detecta el evento change y llama a nuestra función principal para obtener y dibujar los datos de la ciudad recién seleccionada. citySelector . addEventListener ( ' change ' , ( event ) => { const ciudadSeleccionada = event . target . value ; cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudadSeleccionada ); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Obtención, Parseo y Dibujado de Datos Esta es la función central donde todo cobra vida. Es responsable de: Construir la URL para el archivo CSV específico de la ciudad (ej., datos/León.csv ). Utilizar Papa.parse para descargar y procesar el contenido del CSV directamente en el navegador. PapaParse maneja la obtención y el parseo asíncronos, lo que lo hace increíblemente fácil. Extraer las etiquetas (fechas) y los datos (temperaturas) relevantes del CSV parseado para Chart.js. ¡Crucial! : Antes de dibujar un nuevo gráfico, debemos destruir la instancia anterior de Chart.js ( if (myChart) { myChart.destroy(); } ). ¡Olvidar este paso lleva a gráficos superpuestos y problemas de rendimiento! 💥 Crear una nueva instancia de Chart() con los datos actualizados. Adicionalmente, llama a una función para cargar y mostrar la predicción de IA para esa ciudad, integrándola sin problemas en el dashboard. function cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudad ) { const csvUrl = `datos/ ${ ciudad } .csv` ; // Nota la carpeta 'datos/' de la Parte 1 const ctx = document . getElementById ( ' weatherChart ' ). getContext ( ' 2d ' ); Papa . parse ( csvUrl , { download : true , // Indica a PapaParse que descargue el archivo header : true , // Trata la primera fila como encabezados skipEmptyLines : true , complete : function ( results ) { const datosClimaticos = results . data ; // Extraer etiquetas (fechas) y datos (temperaturas) const etiquetas = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => fila . fecha_hora . split ( ' ' )[ 0 ]); // Extraer solo la fecha const tempMax = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => parseFloat ( fila . temp_max_c )); const tempMin = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => parseFloat ( fila . temp_min_c )); // Destruir la instancia de gráfico anterior si existe para evitar superposiciones if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Crear una nueva instancia de Chart.js myChart = new Chart ( ctx , { type : ' line ' , data : { labels : etiquetas , datasets : [{ label : `Temp Máx (°C) - ${ ciudad } ` , data : tempMax , borderColor : ' rgb(255, 99, 132) ' , tension : 0.1 }, { label : `Temp Mín (°C) - ${ ciudad } ` , data : tempMin , borderColor : ' rgb(54, 162, 235) ' , tension : 0.1 }] }, options : { // Opciones del gráfico para responsividad, título, etc. responsive : true , maintainAspectRatio : false , scales : { y : { beginAtZero : false } }, plugins : { legend : { position : ' top ' }, title : { display : true , text : `Datos Históricos del Clima para ${ ciudad } ` } } } }); // Cargar y mostrar la predicción de IA cargarPrediccion ( ciudad ); }, error : function ( err , file ) { console . error ( " Error al parsear el CSV: " , err , file ); // Opcional: mostrar un mensaje de error amigable en el dashboard if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Limpiar gráfico si falla la carga } }); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Mostrar Predicciones de IA La integración de las predicciones de IA (en las que profundizaremos en la Parte 3) también se gestiona desde el frontend. El backend genera un archivo predicciones.json , y nuestro JavaScript simplemente obtiene este JSON, encuentra la predicción para la ciudad seleccionada y la muestra. async function cargarPrediccion ( ciudad ) { const predictionElement = document . getElementById ( ' prediction ' ); try { const response = await fetch ( ' predicciones.json ' ); const predicciones = await response . json (); if ( predicciones && predicciones [ ciudad ]) { predictionElement . textContent = `Predicción de Temp. Máx. para mañana: ${ predicciones [ ciudad ]. toFixed ( 1 )} °C` ; } else { predictionElement . textContent = ' Predicción no disponible. ' ; } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Error cargando predicciones: ' , error ); predictionElement . textContent = ' Error al cargar la predicción. ' ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Conclusión (Parte 2) ¡Hemos transformado los datos en bruto en una experiencia atractiva e interactiva! Al combinar el alojamiento estático de GitHub Pages o Netlify, JavaScript "vainilla" para la lógica, PapaParse.js para el manejo de CSV y Chart.js para visualizaciones hermosas, hemos construido un frontend potente que es a la vez gratuito y muy efectivo. El dashboard ahora proporciona información inmediata sobre los patrones climáticos históricos de cualquier ciudad seleccionada. Pero, ¿qué pasa con el futuro? En la tercera y última parte de esta serie , nos adentraremos en el emocionante mundo del Machine Learning para añadir una capa predictiva a nuestro servicio. Exploraremos cómo usar datos históricos para pronosticar el tiempo de mañana, convirtiendo nuestro servicio en un verdadero "oráculo" meteorológico. ¡No te lo pierdas! Referencias y Enlaces de Interés: Servicio Web Completo : Puedes ver el resultado final de este proyecto en acción aquí: https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ Repositorio GitHub del Proyecto : Explora el código fuente y la estructura del proyecto en mi repositorio: https://github.com/Dalaez/app_weather PapaParse.js : Parser de CSV rápido en el navegador para JavaScript: https://www.papaparse.com/ Chart.js : Gráficos JavaScript simples pero flexibles para diseñadores y desarrolladores: https://www.chartjs.org/ GitHub Pages : Documentación oficial sobre cómo alojar tus sitios: https://docs.github.com/es/pages Netlify : Página oficial de Netlify: https://www.netlify.com/ Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Datalaria Follow More from Datalaria Weather Service Project (Part 2): Building the Interactive Frontend with GitHub Pages or Netlify and JavaScript # frontend # javascript # tutorial # webdev Weather Service Project (Part 1): Building the Data Collector with Python and GitHub Actions or Netlify # api # automation # python # tutorial Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 1): Construyendo el Recolector de Datos con Python y GitHub Actions o Netlify # dataengineering # python # spanish # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Paula Gearon Posted on Nov 14, 2022 Stay Classy in OWL # rdf # owl # sparql # rules In an effort to publish this quickly, I am posting without proofreading. Errata is welcome. In the last post I discussed using rules to generate RDF statements that are entailed by RDFS . This is useful stuff, but is very limited due to the lack of expressivity of RDFS. This is to be expected, since RDFS was a limited vocabulary that was released well before the full Web Ontology Language ( OWL ) was released. But if we adopt OWL, then what entailments will be valid and useful? Description Logics As shown in my first post in this series , OWL provides a vocabulary for a Description Logic. In particular, OWL2 conforms closely to a family of logics known as 𝒮ℛ𝒪ℐ𝒬. This name indicates some of the elements of the vocabulary: 𝒮: An Abbreviation for 𝒜ℒ𝒞 𝒜ℒ𝒞: Contains concepts including: Classes C , and roles r ⊤ (top, or everything ) ⊥ (bottom, or nothing ) ⊓ (conjunctions, or intersections) ⊔ (disjunctions, or unions) ¬ (negation, or inverse) ∃r.C (existential role restrictions) ∀r.C (universal role restrictions) ℋ: Class hierarchies (classes, with subclasses) ℛ: Complex role inclusion. This is both a role hierarchy (indicated by ℋ) and role composition. ℐ: Inverse roles. 𝒪: Nominals. 𝒩: Cardinality restrictions on roles. 𝒬: Qualified cardinality. This includes cardinality restrictions (indicated by 𝒩), and can also qualify them to classes. To explain each of the above: Classes are a way to classify things. Entities can be classified multiple ways, in which case we say the entity has a type of the class, or that the entity is an instance of the class. e.g. Person can be a class and the entity we name "Alice" may be an instance of Person . Roles describe relationships between entities. e.g. an entity named "Alice" may have a hasChild relationship to an entity named "Susan". Top is a universal class that every entity is an instance of. Bottom is an empty class that no entity is an instance of. Conjunctions are the combination of multiple classes where every class must apply. e.g. A wooden chair is an instance of the conjunction formed from the classes Wooden and Furniture . Disjunctions are the combination of multiple classes where one or more classes must apply. e.g. OfficeEquipment could be a disjunction of OfficeFurniture , ComputerEquipment , Stationery , and KitchenSupplies . Negation is used to create a class of everything that is not the negated class. e.g. The negation of the class of Visible things is everything that cannot be seen. That includes both physical objects, like air, but also arbitrary concepts like "imagination" or "price". It is the entire universe of things that are not in the Visible class. Existential role restrictions means that a given relationship must exist in order to be a member of a class. e.g. To be a Parent an entity must have a hasChild relationship to another entity. Universal role restrictions means that all use of a role has to be with a specific class. e.g. hasChild can be defined to always refer to instances of the class Child . Role hierarchy indicates more general or specific relationships between roles. This creates sub-property and super-property relationships and is roughly analogous to sub-classes and super-classes. e.g. hasDaughter is a more specific role than hasChild , while hasDescendent is a more general role. So hasDaughter is a sub-property for hasChild , and hasChild is a sub-property for hasDescendent . Inverse roles refers to the relationship that goes in the opposite direction between entities. e.g. hasParent is the inverse role to hasChild . Nominals describes a class of items that is defined by its membership in the class. e.g. PresidentOfTheUnitedStates can be defined as a class of the 46 people who have had that position (as of this writing). Number restrictions (or cardinality restrictions ) refers to a minimum or maximum number of relationships. e.g. To be a member of FullTimeStudent a university might require that a student have a minimum of 4 enrolledIn relationships. Qualified cardinality is a more specific type of nominal, where the class of the relationship must apply. e.g. For a student to be a MathMajor they might require a minimum of 10 passed relationships to instances of MathSubject . OWL These constructs are all supported by OWL , and each of those constructs has a mapping to RDF . This means that for each Description Logic expression there is a way to express that expression precisely in RDF. It is data like this that was read and processed by Pellet in the Oedipus example in my initial post . The problem with systems like Pellet is that they rely on memory to explore all possibilities for the data. Consequently, they can struggle with large bodies of data, and are unable to handle large ontologies such as SNOMED CT . We have a much better chance of scaling OWL processing if we can use operations that databases are designed to provide. The principal database operation is the Query , and so the various approaches to scaling try to build on this operation. Query Rewriting One approach to identifying entailments in OWL is by using it to rewrite queries. The first to consider is a general approach to rewriting queries, where the query can be expanded to ask for parts of the ontology. For instance, consider asking for the classes a resource is an instance of: select ?class where { my : resource a ?class } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can be rewritten to consider superclasses as well: select ?class where { my : resource a / rdfs : subClassOf * ?class } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Where the * modifier describes the transitive closure of the rdfs:subClassOf relationship, starting with the 0 step, meaning that it includes the step where the class is the immediate type of the resource. A more specific case is using the ontology to rewrite the query. For instance, if the property my:prop is transitive, then querying for it can always be expanded to use the + modifier. So the query: select ?related where { my : resource my : prop ?related } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Would be modified to: select ?related where { my : resource my : prop + ?related } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode These are some trivial examples, but some great work was done on this by Héctor Pérez-Urbina in his PhD dissertation . Rules Another approach to scalable entailment is using rules. The mechanism for this is using certain existing data structures to generate new data structures that get inserted alongside the original data. I described this in the last post , where I used construct queries to obtain the data generated by each rule. The other option is to send this generated statements back into the graph by changing construct to insert . For instance, the transitive closure of the property my:prop above could be created with an update operation: insert { ?a my : prop ?c } where { ?a my : prop ?b . ?b my : prop ?c } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Note that this is a single update, and not actually a full "rule". Running this will only extend all of the my:prop relations by 1 step, doubling the length to 2. But running this iteratively will extend the maximum length of the closure by doubling, so it will rapidly cover the entire closure. What we can learn from this is that rule systems can be built from query/update operations like this, but they need a mechanism for scheduling the rules to be run over and over when needed, and to stop when nothing new is being generated. The basic algorithm for doing this is called RETE , and I discussed this and an implementation at Clojure/conj 2016 . Because rules are built on a querying mechanism that is foundational to the database, they are often very fast. They also rely on the main database storage, so they can scale with the database. They allow computational complexity to be pre-calculated, with the results stored. This allows subsequent operations to rely on space complexity instead. These are very important characteristics for working with large quantities of data, and for this reason I will be focusing on this approach to entailment. Rule Justification Many OWL operations describe entailments that can be expressed as a rule. For instance, the OWL 2 Structural Specification and Functional-Style Syntax document describes many constructs with examples of what they entail. There are many examples of this, but a simple one is the Symmetric Object Property which describes that a:friend is symmetric. Consequently, if "Brian is a friend of Peter" then this entails "Peter is a friend of Brian". The general rule for symmetry can then be given as: insert { ?b ?prop ?a } where { ?a ?prop ?b . ?prop a owl : SymmetricProperty } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can seem to be a straightforward operation, but interesting insights come about when we consider exactly why these new statements are allowed to be asserted. Validity and Consistency Logic systems can be described using a pair of properties: validity and consistency. A system is valid if every interpretation of the systems leads to conclusions that are true. A system is invalid if there exists an interpretation where the conclusions are not true. A system is consistent if there exists an interpretation where the conclusions are true. A system is inconsistent if there are no interpretations where the conclusions are true. The interpretation of a system is a selection of values that conform to the system. To explain some of this, let's use the mathematical domain. In this case, the interpretation will usually be a selection of numbers to associate with values. Valid Since every possible interpretation of a valid system is true, these are also referred to as a tautology . At first glance, this does not seem that useful, however it is a very important concept. An example of a valid math expression is: | x | ≥ x The various interpretations of this system are the values that x can take in the domain of real numbers ℝ. In this case, it doesn't matter what value x takes, since the equation will always be true. This is still logic, so we can introduce an or operation, with another valid equation: x > 1 ∨ x < 2 Again, this is a tautology, as it will be true for every interpretation of x in the domain. Invalid This applies to any system which is not valid. That simply means that there exists an interpretation where truth does not hold. For instance: x > 2 This is true when x is 3 or 4, but it is not true when x is 1 or 2. Lots of systems are Invalid, since tautologies (i.e. valid systems) don't have a lot to say. Consistent A system is consistent when there exists an interpretation that leads to truth. The example invalid statement also happens to be consistent: x > 2 As already mentioned, when x is 3 then the statement is true, so this system is consistent. Inconsistent This indicates that a system is not consistent, meaning that there are no possible interpretations which can be true. For instance: x < 3 ∧ x > 4 There are no numbers that meet both of these conditions, and therefore there are no interpretations where this is true. Relations to Each Other When considered in relation to one another we see the following states for systems: Always true: Valid and Consistent Sometimes true, Sometimes false: Invalid and Consistent Always false: Invalid and Inconsistent Entailment Entailment is the operation of finding new statements that are true in every possible interpretation of a system, given its semantics. This is possible when using the Open World Assumption (OWA), since new statements can always be added, which is a concept that is sometimes expressed as, "Anyone can say Anything about Anything" (this phrase appears in an early draft of the RDF Concepts and Abstract Data Model , and also in the book " Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist ", by Allemang, Hendler, and now in the second edition, Gandon. I will refer to this book as SWWO). This cuts both ways though: not only does it mean that new statement may be created, but it also limits which statements may be created. The OWA says that there are possibly a lot of other statements that the system does not describe which could lead to a statement not being possible in every possible interpretation. When it comes to identifying new statements that can be entailed, it is a useful exercise to consider all the possible constructs that could lead to the statement leading to a falsehood, even if it requires a convoluted set of statements to get there. Tableaux One approach in using validity and consistency is to determine if a given system entails a statement using the Tableaux Algorithm. In this case, for a given system 𝑮 an entailment 𝑨 is described as: 𝑮 ⊨ 𝑨 This entailment can only be true if: 𝑮 ⋃ {¬𝑨} is inconsistent This is a useful test, because the algorithm need only discover a single false case to prove inconsistency. Pellet is an implementation of this algorithm, and while it does not scale to very large ontologies, it is nevertheless very powerful. Rules Another approach to entailment is to use rules. As mentioned above, this can be done when we know that a statement is legal in every possible interpretation of the system. There is a defined subset of possible reasoning in OWL2 which can lead to entailments via rules. This subset is called the OWL 2 RL Profile , and the rules can be found in tables 4 through to table 9 in the rules section of the OWL 2 Profiles document. It is some of these rules that I want to explore here and in other posts. Intersections A practical application of all of this can be seen in Intersections. As described in SWWO , an intersection of classes :A and :B can be described using a subclass relationship: This is described in Turtle as: : IntersectionAB rdfs: subClassOf : A, : B . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Let's consider what can be inferred from this. If we have an instance of :IntersectionAB called :x , then this is represented as: : x a : IntersectionAB . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The rule rdfs9 is: insert { ?zzz a ?yyy } where { ?xxx rdfs : subClassOf ?yyy . ?zzz a ?xxx } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Applying this will result in :x being an instance of both :A and :B : : x a : IntersectionAB . : x a : A . : x a : B . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode These inferences are valid, because the definition of the rdfs:subClassOf relationship states and instances of a subclass will also be instances of the superclass. There are no interpretations where this does not hold. Class Membership Another possibility is when :y is a member of both :A and :B . : y a : A . : y a : B . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode It would seem reasonable to infer that :y is therefore an instance of :IntersectionAB . However, inferences are only valid if they apply in every possible system, and the Open World Assumption (OWA) must allow for any new consistent statement. There are statements that can be introduced that are both consistent with the existing statements, and inconsistent with inferring :y as a member of :IntersectionAB . To see an example of this, we can introduce a two new classes, called :C and :D , are the complements of each other. This means that anything that is a member of :C is not a member of :D , and vice versa. We can also make :IntersectionAB a subclass of :C : : IntersectionAB rdfs: subClassOf : A, : B, : C . : C owl: complementOf : D . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If :y becomes an instance of :D then if cannot be a part of the intersection, since it cannot be an instance of :C . : IntersectionAB rdfs: subClassOf : A, : B, : C . : C owl: complementOf : D . : y a : A, : B, : D . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Regardless of how contrived the example may be, the fact that any such example exists indicates that the inference may not be made. OWL Intersections The problem with inferring membership in an intersection above is that the intersection is open , meaning that new classes can be added to the intersection, and those classes can preclude an instance of the other classes from becoming a member. OWL addresses this by defining an closed intersection using an RDF Collection . This uses a linked list structure that does not allow for extra members. Redefining :IntersectionAB we can express this in TTL as: : IntersectionAB owl: intersectionOf ( : A : B ) . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This looks short and simple, but expands into a longer set of triples: : IntersectionAB owl: intersectionOf _: b1 . _: b1 rdf: first : A . _: b1 rdf: rest _: b2 . _: b2 rdf: first : B . _: b2 rdf: rest rdf: nil . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode RDF defines collections to have a specific structure with each node in the list having a single rdf:first and rdf:rest connection, terminating in the rdf:nil node. This means that it is not a valid construct to include any more elements in the collection. As a consequence, if there is an element :y which is an instance of both :A and :B , then it is not possible to add in triples that make :y a member of something that is excluded from the intersection. Therefore, it is valid to infer that :y is in the intersection: : y a : IntersectionAB . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This is described in the OWL semantics, and demonstrated in the OWL 2 RL profile in the rule cls-int1 found in table 6. This rule states: IF T(?c, owl:intersectionOf, ?x) LIST[?x, ?c1, ..., ?cn] T(?y, rdf:type, ?c1) T(?y, rdf:type, ?c2) ... T(?y, rdf:type, ?cn) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode THEN T(?y, rdf:type, ?c) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In English it says: If ?c is an intersection described by ?x and ?x is a list containing ?c1 through to ?cn and ?y is an instance of every element in that list Then ?y is an instance of the intersection ?c In Practice Unfortunately, this is tricky to describe in SPARQL. It is easy to check if a value is an instance of one or more members of a list, but how can you check if it is a member of every member of the list? Let's start with some example data, and try to perform the entailment on it. First of all, we can define the intersection of 3 classes: :A , :B and :C . Then we'll describe 3 objects: :m , :n , and :o . The :m object will be an instance of all 3 classes The :n object will be an instance of 2 of the 3 classes The :o object will not be an instance of any of the classes We should be able to find that :m is a member of the intersection, while :n and :o are not. : IntABC owl: intersectionOf ( : A : B : C ). : m a : A, : B, : C . : n a : A, : C . : o a : D . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Let's start with finding a value ?y which is a member of the intersection class ?c : select distinct ?y where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?cn . ?y a ?cn } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This returns :m and :n , since they are both instances of classes in the intersection. Now we need to remove values of ?x which don't match every class in the intersection. To do that, start with finding those that don't match everything in the intersection. This can be found by considering each element in the collection (call it ?d ) and pairing it with every other element in the collection (call these ?d2 ). We can then look for the instances of ?d : select distinct ?y ?d ?2 where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d2 . FILTER ( ?d ! = ?d2 ) ?y a ?d } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This returns every class paired with every other class, but only for instances of the first class: ?y ?d ?d2 :m :C :A :m :C :B :m :A :C :m :A :B :m :B :A :m :B :C :n :C :A :n :C :B :n :A :C :n :A :B Note how :n does not include a ?d equal to :B , but it does have ?d2 set to each value. If we remove cases where ?y is set to the second value, then everything will be removed for ?y = :m , since: when ?y is :m , and :m is an instance of :A , then ?y is also an instance of :B and :C when ?y is :m , and :m is an instance of :B , then ?y is also an instance of :A and :C . when ?y is :m , and :m is an instance of :C , then ?y is also an instance of :A and :B However, when ?y is :n not everything is cancelled: when ?y is :n , and :n is an instance of :A , then ?y is and instance of :C , and that gets removed, but :n is not an instance of :B . when ?y is :n , and :n is an instance of :C , then ?y is an instance of :A , and that gets removed, but :n is not an instance of :B . The query to express this is: select distinct ?y ?d ?d2 where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d2 FILTER ( ?d ! = ?d2 ) ?y a ?d MINUS { ?y a ?d2 }} Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ?y ?d ?d2 :n :C :B :n :A :B Now that we've found the values of ?y that we don't want, they can be removed from the original query: select distinct ?y where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?cn . ?y a ?cn MINUS { ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d2 . FILTER ( ?d ! = ?d2 ) ?y a ?d MINUS { ?y a ?d2 } } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This gives the single solution of :m ?y :m So the final rule is: insert { ?y a ?c } where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?cn . ?y a ?cn MINUS { ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d2 . FILTER ( ?d ! = ?d2 ) ?y a ?d MINUS { ?y a ?d2 } } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode NOTE: This query is for demonstration only. These operations are implemented doubly nested loops, which will not scale at all. It works for small ontologies, but if you try it on something like SNOMED then you will discover that the database will process for over a week. Non-standard SPARQL operations can do this much more efficiently. Final Comment This post was to introduce people to some of the more detailed elements of OWL's representation of Description Logic, explained Valid models are ones in which all interpretations will be true, and how entailment can be made for Consistent statements that lead to correct models for every possible interpretation. The examples at the end demonstrated how entailment can be limited in the open structures of RDFS, but is more capable for the closed structures described in OWL, always remembering that the model itself always follows the Open World Assumption. The SPARQL rule for owl:intersectionOf was me being clever, even if it's useless in the real world due to the scalability issues. 😊 I've been doing this in the real world with code that is outside of SPARQL, but I ought to be able to do it with SPARQL extensions like stardog:list:member (this could remove one level of loop in the above query, but I think it's possible to do even better). All of this is to provide background for my next blog post, which I ought to be able to start now that I've finished writing this! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Paula Gearon Follow Just a girl, standing before a compiler, asking it to love her Location Spotsylvania, VA Education Computer Engineering. Physics. Work Semantic Web Architect Joined Dec 1, 2018 More from Paula Gearon Classification # rdf # owl # sparql # rules What Can't I do, as a Rule? # rdf # owl # sparql # rules 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/tim_alex_ba4bc28e6bdfc168/tuya-gerate-in-home-assistant-100-lokal-ohne-china-cloud-local-key-auslesen-13pa#comments | Tuya Geräte in Home Assistant: 100% Lokal & ohne China-Cloud (Local Key auslesen) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Tim Alex Posted on Jan 5 Tuya Geräte in Home Assistant: 100% Lokal & ohne China-Cloud (Local Key auslesen) # homeassistant # privacy # iot # tutorial Wer günstige Smart Home Hardware auf Amazon kauft, landet fast immer bei "Smart Life" oder "Tuya" kompatiblen Geräten. Sie sind billig, funktionieren gut, haben aber einen riesigen Haken: Die Cloud . Jedes Mal, wenn du das Licht anschaltest, reist das Signal von deinem Haus zu einem Server (oft in China oder den USA) und zurück. Das sorgt für: Verzögerung (Latenz): Das Licht geht erst 1-2 Sekunden später an. Abhängigkeit: Kein Internet = Kein Smart Home. Datenschutz-Bedenken. Die Lösung ist die Integration LocalTuya . Damit steuerst du die Geräte direkt im lokalen Netzwerk. Doch dafür brauchst du den "Local Key" . Und den rückt der Hersteller nicht freiwillig raus. Hier ist der Weg, wie du ihn trotzdem bekommst. Schritt 1: Die Vorbereitung (Der "Bessere Weg") Ein ehrlicher Experten-Tipp vorab: Wenn du noch keine Geräte gekauft hast oder den Aufwand scheust, kaufe Hardware, die von Haus aus lokal funktioniert. Das spart dir Stunden an Lebenszeit. Die Premium-Lösung (WLAN): Shelly Plug S - 4 Stück Die Bastler-Lösung: Geräte mit vorinstallierter Tasmota-Software. Tasmota Socket NOUS A1T - 4 Stück Hast du schon Tuya-Geräte? Dann geht es jetzt ans Eingemachte. Schritt 2: Der Tuya IoT Account Um den Key auszulesen, müssen wir uns als "Entwickler" ausgeben. Gehe auf die Tuya IoT Platform und erstelle einen Account (nutze nicht deinen Smart Life Account, sondern erstelle einen neuen Developer-Account). Logge dich ein und gehe auf Cloud > Development. Klicke auf Create Cloud Project. Name: Egal (z.B. "HomeAssistant"). Data Center: Wähle Central Europe Data Center (Wichtig!) Zum Schluss überspringst du die Konfiguration der Services, die Standard-Einstellungen reichen. Schritt 3: Die App verknüpfen Jetzt verbinden wir deinen Developer-Account mit deiner Smart Life App auf dem Handy. Gehe im Tuya IoT Dashboard auf den Reiter Devices > Link Tuya App Account. Klicke auf Add App Account – es erscheint ein QR-Code. Öffne deine Smart Life App (oder Tuya App) auf dem Handy. Gehe auf Profil > oben rechts das Scanner-Symbol und scanne den QR-Code vom Bildschirm. Bestätige die Verbindung auf dem Handy. Schritt 4: Die Keys auslesen (Der Heilige Gral) Jetzt passiert die Magie. Gehe im Dashboard auf Devices > All Devices. Du solltest nun eine Liste all deiner Lampen und Steckdosen sehen. Hier siehst du die Device ID . Kopiere sie. Aber wo ist der Key? Leider versteckt Tuya diesen mittlerweile gut. Gehe links im Menü auf Cloud > API Explorer . Wähle im Menü links: Smart Home Device System > Device Management > Get Device Details. Gib deine Device ID ein und klicke auf "Submit Request". Im Antwort-Fenster (rechts) suchst du nach dem Eintrag "local_key": "...". * Kopiere diesen Key und speichere ihn gut ab! * (Zusammen mit der Device ID). Schritt 5: Integration in Home Assistant Installiere LocalTuya über HACS (Home Assistant Community Store). Starte Home Assistant neu. Gehe zu Einstellungen > Geräte & Dienste > Integration hinzufügen > LocalTuya. Wähle dein Gerät aus (es sollte automatisch im Netzwerk gefunden werden). Gib nun die Local Key ein, den du eben ausgelesen hast. Konfiguriere den Typ (z.B. "Switch" für eine Steckdose). Die ID ist meistens 1 (probiere 1, 2 oder 3, falls es nicht geht). Profi-Tipp: Internet sperren Sobald LocalTuya läuft, kannst du im Router (z.B. FritzBox) dem Gerät den Internetzugang sperren (Kindersicherung/Sperre). Ergebnis: Das Gerät funkt nicht mehr nach China, lässt sich aber über Home Assistant weiterhin perfekt steuern. Das ist maximale Privacy. Problembehebung: "Abo abgelaufen?" Der Zugang zur Tuya IoT Platform ist offiziell ein "Trial". Nach 1 bis 6 Monaten kann es sein, dass LocalTuya plötzlich nicht mehr geht. Lösung: Logge dich in die IoT Platform ein, gehe auf Cloud > Cloud Services und verlängere das "IoT Core" Trial (Kostenlos). Das ist nervig, aber notwendig. Fazit Tuya-Geräte lokal zu machen ist Arbeit, aber es lohnt sich für die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit. Wenn du diesen Prozess in Zukunft vermeiden willst, setze direkt auf Zigbee oder Shelly. Der stressfreie Weg: Shelly Plug S - 4 Stück oder Zigbee Plug Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Tim Alex Follow Joined Jan 4, 2026 More from Tim Alex ESPHome Gerät ständig "Offline"? So fixst du API-Errors und Boot-Loops beim ESP32 # esphome # esp32 # iot # debugging Home Assistant langsam? So rettest du deine SD-Karte & machst das Dashboard wieder schnell # homeassistant # database # performance # raspberrypi Zigbee Netzwerk instabil? 4 Profi-Tipps gegen "Offline"-Geräte & Interferenzen # homeassistant # zigbee # iot # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/aws-builders/mastering-aws-api-gateway-v2-http-and-aws-lambda-with-terraform-2d8d | Mastering AWS API Gateway V2 HTTP and AWS Lambda With Terraform - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Serhii Vasylenko for AWS Community Builders Posted on Jan 11, 2024 • Originally published at devdosvid.blog Mastering AWS API Gateway V2 HTTP and AWS Lambda With Terraform # aws # terraform # devops # serverless With a solid foundation in AWS API Gateway and Lambda for serverless architecture, my recent deep dive into these cloud computing services felt like uncovering new layers in familiar territory. This article aims to be a comprehensive guide for developers and DevOps professionals looking to master serverless solutions using AWS and Terraform. The article provides an in-depth guide to combining AWS API Gateway V2 HTTP API (yes, this is the official name of that service 😄) and AWS Lambda services to implement a simple, robust, and cost-effective serverless back-end using Terraform. The journey was enlightening and engaging, especially as I were transforming these services into Infrastructure as Code. Through this article, I aim to share those moments of insight and the practical, hands-on tips that emerged from weaving these AWS services into a seamless, serverless architecture. Navigating the System Design: HTTP API Gateway and Lambda in Action Beginning our journey, we examine the complexities of serverless architecture, focusing on HTTP API and Lambda. A comprehensive system diagram will guide us as we analyze each component’s function and their collaborative roles in the larger infrastructure. In our architecture, the HTTP API delegates access control to the Lambda function called “Authorizer”. This function stands as the gatekeeper, ensuring that only legitimate requests pass through to the underlying business logic. The HTTP API can have multiple routes (e.g., “/calendar,” “/meters,” and so on) and use different Authorizers per route or a single one for all of them. Clients that send their requests to the API must include specific identification information in their request header or query string. In this project, I go with a single authorizer to keep it simple. Upon receiving a request, the API service forwards a payload to the Authorizer containing metadata about the request, such as headers and query string components. The Authorizer processes this metadata (headers, in my case) to determine the request’s legitimacy. The decision, Allow or Deny, is passed back to the API, and if allowed, the API service then forwards the original request to the back-end, which, in this case, is implemented by additional Lambda functions. Otherwise, the client gets a response with a 403 status code, and the original request is not passed to the back-end. Behind The Decision: Why Such a Setup? Choosing the right architectural setup is critical in balancing simplicity, cost-efficiency, and security. In this section, we uncover why integrating AWS HTTP API Gateway with Lambda Authorizer is a compelling choice, offering a streamlined approach without compromising security. Cost-Effectiveness: Balancing Performance and Price The AWS HTTP API is noteworthy for its streamlined and simple design compared to other API Gateway options. That translates directly into cost savings for businesses. Its efficiency makes it an ideal choice for cost-effective serverless computing, especially for those looking to optimize their cloud infrastructure with Terraform automation. Here is a more detailed comparison of different API Gateway options — Cost optimization. Security with Lambda Authorizer. This option means a Lambda function used for authorization, which is lean and efficient. It generally requires a bare minimum of resources. It executes quickly, particularly when configured with the ARM-based environment and 128M RAM allocation, costing $0,0000017 per second of running time, with $0.20 per 1M requests per month. 💰 This pricing and performance combination are well-suited for rapid, lightweight authorizations. Together with AWS Lambda as a back-end, it makes a cost-effective solution. For example, if we add a few more Lambdas to back-end and assume that our setup receives 10000 requests per month, it would cost around $0.6 per month. Here is the link to detailed calculations — AWS Pricing Calculator . Simplicity in Configuration: The Power of Header-Based Authorization A header-based authentication method facilitates straightforward client-server communication, often requiring less coding and resources to implement compared to more complex schemes. Although HTTP API offers stronger JWT-based authorization and mutual TLS authentication, header-based authorization remains a suitable choice for simpler applications that prioritize ease and quickness. By the way, there is also an option for IAM-based authorization whose core idea is the “private API” or internal usage of the API (e.g., solely inside the VPC, no internet), but with “ IAM Anywhere ,” this can be expanded to practically anywhere. 😁 This architecture suits applications requiring rapid development and deployment without complex authorization mechanisms. It’s ideal for small to medium-sized serverless applications or specific use cases in larger systems where quick, cost-effective, and secure access to APIs is a priority. 💡 Imagine a retail company wanting to manage its inventory efficiently. By leveraging AWS API Gateway and Lambda, they can develop a system where each item’s RFID tags are scanned and processed through an API endpoint. When a product is moved or sold, its status is updated in real-time in the database, facilitated by Lambda functions. This serverless architecture ensures high availability and scalability and significantly reduces operational costs, a crucial factor for the highly competitive retail industry. This example showcases how our serverless setup can be effectively utilized in retail for streamlined inventory tracking and management. Exploring AWS Lambda: Features and Integration Diving into AWS Lambda, this section explores its features and indispensable role within the serverless infrastructure. We will unravel the complexities of Lambda functions and examine the practicalities of deploying and managing these functions within the project. AWS Lambda Runtime and Deployment Model 🚀 Choosing the AWS Lambda runtime arm64 , combined with the OS-only runtime based on Amazon Linux 2023 , strategically boosts cost efficiency and performance. This choice aligns with the best practices for serverless computing in AWS, offering an optimal solution for those seeking to leverage AWS services for scalable cloud solutions. Particularly effective for Go-based functions, this runtime configuration is lean yet powerful. For applications in other languages, delving into language-specific runtimes based on AL 2023 can also leverage the latest efficiencies of AWS-managed operating systems. I also welcome you to read this benchmarking analysis to get more insights about the ARM-based environment for AWS Lambda — Comparing AWS Lambda Arm vs. x86 Performance, Cost, and Analysis . The .zip deployment model is chosen for its simplicity, avoiding additional management of the image registry (ECR) and Docker images. Also, AWS automatically patches .zip functions for the latest runtime security and bug fixes. Efficient Terraform Coding for AWS Lambda In our architecture, AWS Lambda functions serve dual purposes — as an authentication gatekeeper and a robust back-end for business logic. Despite varying code across functions, their configurations share much of similarities. By adhering to the DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) principle, I have crafted a Terraform module to streamline the management of Lambda functions and their dependencies. This approach ensures maintainable and scalable infrastructure. The module's structure is as follows: aws_lambda_function — to describe the core configuration of the function aws_iam_role + aws_iam_role_policy + aws_iam_policy_document — to manage the access from Lambda to other resources (e.g., SSM Parameter Store) aws_cloudwatch_log_group — to keep the execution logs aws_ssm_parameter — to store sensitive information (e.g., secrets) and other configurations that we should keep separate from the source code. This Terraform module implements a project-specific use case for Lambda functions. However, if you're seeking for a generic all-in-one module for AWS Lambda, I recommend checking out this one — Terraform AWS Lambda Module by Anton Babenko. To efficiently develop Terraform code for Lambda functions, use the following techniques: Use local values, expressions, and variables to implement consistent naming across different resources logically grouped by a module or project; Use function environment variables to connect the code with SSM Parameter Store parameters or Secrets Manager secrets to protect sensitive data like tokens or credentials; Use for_each meta-argument and for expression to reduce the amount of code and automate the configuration for resources of the same type (e.g., ssm_parameter ) or code blocks within a resource. Below is a practical example illustrating these Terraform strategies in action: locals { full_function_name = " ${ var . project_name } - ${ var . function_name } " } resource "aws_lambda_function" "this" { function_name = local . full_function_name role = aws_iam_role . this . arn architectures = [ "arm64" ] filename = var . deployment_file package_type = "Zip" runtime = "provided.al2023" handler = "bootstrap.handler" timeout = var . function_timeout environment { variables = { for item in var . function_ssm_parameter_names : upper ( replace ( item , "-" , "_" )) = > aws_ssm_parameter . function_ssm_parameters [ item ]. name } } } resource "aws_ssm_parameter" "function_ssm_parameters" { for_each = var . function_ssm_parameter_names name = "/projects/ ${ var . project_name } /lambda/ ${ var . function_name } / ${ each . value } " type = "SecureString" key_id = data . aws_kms_alias . ssm . arn value = "1" lifecycle { ignore_changes = [ value , ] } } resource "aws_cloudwatch_log_group" "this" { name = "/aws/lambda/ ${ local . full_function_name } " log_group_class = "STANDARD" retention_in_days = 7 } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The complete terraform module code is available in the project repository . In this Terraform code, I deliberately hardcoded specific arguments for an optimal Lambda runtime configuration, ensuring efficiency and performance. Then variables and local values, set only once, implement a naming convention for all resource arguments, making it easy to understand the infrastructure and change the naming and attributes later. Lambda's environment variables and corresponding SSM parameters coexist effectively with the help of for_each and for . I used the for_each meta-argument to dynamically create SSM Parameter resources and the for expression to configure environment variables in AWS Lambda. This also means that if the function_ssm_parameter_names variable value is not provided, then Terraform does not create either SSM parameter resources or the environment code block inside the Lambda resource because the default value of that variable is an empty set. By the way, I have another blog post that explains several techniques to enhance your Terraform proficiency — check it out ! Invoking Lambda: Permissions and Resource-Based Policies Configured with just a few input variables, the Terraform module efficiently outputs the aws_lambda_function resource. This streamlined output is then adeptly used to facilitate subsequent configurations within the HTTP API. module "lambda_api_gw_authorizer" { source = "./modules/lambda" deployment_file = "../backend/lambda-apigw-authorizer/deployment.zip" function_name = "api-gateway-authorizer" project_name = local . project_name function_ssm_parameters = [ "authorization-token" ] } module "lambda_calendar_backend" { source = "./modules/lambda" deployment_file = "../backend/lambda-calendar-backend/deployment.zip" function_name = "calendar-backend" project_name = local . project_name function_ssm_parameters = [ "google-api-oauth-token" , "google-api-credentials" ] } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode As an example of module output usage, here is the configuration of aws_lambda_permissions resource that I use outside the AWS Lambda module to allow the HTTP API service to invoke the function used as Authorizer: resource "aws_lambda_permission" "allow_api_gw_invoke_authorizer" { statement_id = "allowInvokeFromAPIGatewayAuthorizer" action = "lambda:InvokeFunction" function_name = module . lambda_api_gw_authorizer . lambda . function_name principal = "apigateway.amazonaws.com" source_arn = " ${ aws_apigatewayv2_api . this . execution_arn } /authorizers/ ${ aws_apigatewayv2_authorizer . header_based_authorizer . id } " } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The Lambda resource-based policy combines the trust and permission policies, and provides a simple yet efficient way to grant other AWS services or principals the ability to invoke Lambda functions. It is important to note that for an API to invoke a function, Lambda requires its execution ARN, not the resource ARN. As a side note, check out this AWS Lambda Operator Guide , which offers specialized advice on developing, securing, and monitoring applications based on AWS Lambda. Let's switch to the HTTP API part to see how it looks and learn how it integrates Lambda functions. Deep Dive into HTTP API Gateway Now, we focus on the HTTP API Gateway, delving into its essential concepts, seamless integration with AWS Lambda, and using Terraform efficiently for streamlined configuration. But before we do that, and since we have partially covered the Terraform code already, I'd like to illustrate the logical connection between three main components of the project's Terraform codebase: AWS Lambda, HTTP API, and API Routes. I will explain the API Route module in detail a bit later, but for now, for the broader context, here is what happens inside Terraform: AWS HTTP API code logically represents the "global" (within a project) set of resources and uses the function created by the Lambda Terraform module for the Authorizer configuration. Meanwhile, the API Route Terraform module configures specific routes for the HTTP API (hence, requires some info from it) with integration to back-ends implemented by Lambdas (hence, requires some info from them, too). Back to HTTP API overview. The following components of the HTTP API constitute its backbone: Route — a combination of the HTTP method (e.g., GET or POST) with the API route (e.g., /meters). For example: "POST /meters". Routes can optionally use Authorizers — a mechanism to control access to the HTTP API. Integration — the technical and logical connection between the Route and one of the supported back-end resources. For example, with AWS Lambda integration, API Gateway sends the entire request as input to a back-end Lambda function and then transforms the Lambda function output to a front-end HTTP response. Stage and Deployment — A stage serves as a designated reference to a deployment, essentially capturing a snapshot of the API at a certain point. It's employed to control and optimize a specific deployment version. For instance, stage configurations can be adjusted to tailor request throttling, set up logging, or establish stage variables to be used by API (if needed). Implementing AWS API Gateway V2 HTTP API with Terraform Below, I detail the Terraform resources essential for implementing the HTTP API, ensuring a transparent and effective setup: aws_apigatewayv2_api — the HTTP API itself; aws_apigatewayv2_route — the Route for the API that must specify the integration target (e.g., Lambda) and, optionally, the Authorizer; aws_apigatewayv2_authorizer — the Authorizer to use for Routes; aws_apigatewayv2_integration — the resource that specifies the back-end where the API sends the requests (e.g., AWS Lambda); aws_lambda_permission — the resource-based policy for AWS Lambda to allow the invocations from the API; aws_apigatewayv2_stage — the name of the Stage that references the Deployment. Applying Terraform for HTTP API Gateway and Lambda Authorizer The HTTP API is the simplest in the API Gateway family (so far), so its Terraform resource has relatively few configuration options, most of which can be left at their default values. As for the Authorizer, it can have two options for letting API know its decision: simple response and IAM policy . The simple response just returns a Boolean value to indicate whether the API should allow the request (True) or forbid it (False). The IAM policy option is customizable and allows crafting custom policy statements that allow granular access to explicitly provided resources. In this project, I follow the way of simplicity and use the "simple response", so the response from Lambda Authorizer to HTTP API looks as follows: { "isAuthorized" : true / false } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Let's review the HTTP API resource along with the API Authorizer that I used for all routes: resource "aws_apigatewayv2_api" "this" { name = local . project_name protocol_type = "HTTP" } resource "aws_apigatewayv2_authorizer" "header_based_authorizer" { api_id = aws_apigatewayv2_api . this . id authorizer_type = "REQUEST" name = "header-based-authorizer" authorizer_payload_format_version = "2.0" authorizer_uri = module . lambda_api_gw_authorizer . lambda . invoke_arn enable_simple_responses = true identity_sources = [ " $ request.header.authorization" ] authorizer_result_ttl_in_seconds = 3600 } resource "aws_lambda_permission" "allow_api_gw_invoke_authorizer" { statement_id = "allowInvokeFromAPIGatewayAuthorizer" action = "lambda:InvokeFunction" function_name = module . lambda_api_gw_authorizer . lambda . function_name principal = "apigateway.amazonaws.com" source_arn = " ${ aws_apigatewayv2_api . this . execution_arn } /authorizers/ ${ aws_apigatewayv2_authorizer . header_based_authorizer . id } " } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The complete code is available in the project repository . Consider the following key points when Terraforming this part. identity_sources argument of the aws_apigatewayv2_authorizer resource: This is where I defined what exactly the Authorizer should validate. I used the header named authorization so the Authorizer Lambda function would check its value to decide whether to authorize the request.\ 💡 Check out other options available to use as the identity source — Identity sources . authorizer_uri argument of the aws_apigatewayv2_authorizer resource: It is the invocation ARN of the Lambda function used as Authorizer (not the Lambda's resource ARN). authorizer_result_ttl_in_seconds argument of the aws_apigatewayv2_authorizer resource: This allows to skip the Authorizer invocation for the given time if a client provided the same identity source values (e.g., authorization header). AWS API Gateway HTTP can employ the identity sources as the cache key to preserve the authorization results for a while. Should a client provide identical parameters in identity sources within the preset TTL duration, API Gateway will retrieve the result from the cached authorizer instead of calling upon it again. This helps save a lot on AWS Lambda Authorizer invocations and works great with simple scenarios. However, it might be cumbersome if you need severral custom authorization responses per function or if you use custom IAM policies instead of the "simple response" option. source_arn argument of aws_lambda_permission : Similar to the authorizer_uri argument, this one expects the execution ARN of the HTTP API followed by the Authorizer identifier. Now, let's see how Routes are codified with Terraform. Applying Terraform for HTTP API Routes 💡 Because an API typically has multiple routes, creating another Terraform module that implements the configurable HTTP API Gateway route is beneficial. Hence, the aws_apigatewayv2_route , aws_apigatewayv2_integration , and aws_lambda_permission resources would constitute such a module. This Terraform module implements a specific use case for HTTP API Gateway. However, if you're seeking for a generic all-in-one module for API Gateway, I recommend checking out this one — Terraform AWS API Gateway Module by Anton Babenko. resource "aws_apigatewayv2_route" "this" { api_id = var . api_id route_key = var . route_key authorization_type = "CUSTOM" authorizer_id = var . authorizer_id target = "integrations/ ${ aws_apigatewayv2_integration . this . id } " } resource "aws_apigatewayv2_integration" "this" { api_id = var . api_id integration_type = "AWS_PROXY" connection_type = "INTERNET" integration_uri = var . lambda_invocation_arn payload_format_version = "2.0" } resource "aws_lambda_permission" "this" { statement_id = "allowInvokeFromAPIGatewayRoute" action = "lambda:InvokeFunction" function_name = var . lambda_function_name principal = "apigateway.amazonaws.com" source_arn = " ${ var . api_gw_execution_arn } /*/*/*/*" } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode First, I want to highlight several key aspects for understanding the resources' arguments within that module. The target argument of the aws_apigatewayv2_route resource implies that the integration ID should be prefixed with the " integrations/ " keyword. While the connection_type argument of the aws_apigatewayv2_integration resource specifies "INTERNET", it does not mean that the Lambda function must have the publicly available URL. This value must be used unless you work with a VPC endpoint for API Gateway for internal usage. For the source_arn argument in the aws_lambda_permission resource, similar to earlier, it requires the execution ARN of the API. However, this time, it is the integration of the HTTP API Route with Lambda. And the ARN format of this one is different and a bit tricky: arn:partition:execute-api:region:account-id:api-id/stage/http-method/resource-path The arn:partition:execute-api:region:account-id:api-id part constitutes the execution ARN of the HTTP API itself, so for the sake of simplicity, I decided to go with wildcards after it.\ For your convenience, here is the detailed specification of API Gateway ARNs. The HTTP API Route module expects several input variables: authorizer_id — the identifier of the Authorizer to use on this route; route_key — the route key for the route, e.g., GET /foo/bar ; api_id — the identifier of HTTP API created earlier; lambda_invocation_arn — the Invocation ARN of the Lambda function; lambda_function_name — the name of the Lambda function to integrate with the route; api_gw_execution_arn — the Execution ARN of the HTTP API that invokes a Lambda function. Let's take a closer look on API Gateway V2 HTTP API route. A route consists of an HTTP method and a resource path with an optional variable. Based on the pre-defined convention, it uses a simplified routing configuration and methods request model (comparable to other APIs). While I was working with the HTTP API, I found this simplified approach to be great because it allows easy access to the request context from AWS Lambda functions, for example: A path variable in a route, e.g., GET /calendars/{calendar-name} , would be available for the integrated AWS Lambda by its name inside the pathParameter JSON field, e.g., pathParamters.calendar-name , of the event object sent by API to Lambda. In other words, you do not need to explicitly set the mapping between the path variable and its representation to the back-end. A request query string is parsed into separate parameter-value pairs and available in the queryStringParameters field of the event object sent by API to Lambda. Again, without the explicit mapping configuration. Here, you can read more about the Route specification of HTTP API and how to transform requests and responses from the API side if you need to adjust something: Working with routes for HTTP APIs Transforming API requests and responses Now back to Terraform. Below is the code snippet that illustrates the call of the API Route Terraform module: module "route_calendars" { source = "./modules/api-gateway-route" api_id = aws_apigatewayv2_api . this . id route_key = "GET /calendars/{calendar-name}" api_gw_execution_arn = aws_apigatewayv2_api . this . execution_arn lambda_invocation_arn = module . lambda_calendar_backend . lambda . invoke_arn lambda_function_name = module . lambda_calendar_backend . lambda . function_name authorizer_id = aws_apigatewayv2_authorizer . header_based_authorizer . id } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This module logically relies on both the HTTP API and Lambda resources to configure their integration by implementing the Route. Enhancing Security and Monitoring of AWS API Gateway V2 HTTP API Several additional options are available to monitor and protect the HTTP API: logs, metrics, and throttling. Overview of HTTP API monitoring and protection options Logging, metrics, and throttling are configured on the Stage level but allow configuration granularity for the Routes. For logs, you can configure the CloudWatch log group, the log format (JSON, CLF, XML, CSV), and content filters. The logging variables allow you to customize the information that appears in logs. I will provide an example of such a configuration later in the article. By default, API Gateway sends only API and stage-level metrics to CloudWatch in one-minute periods. However, you can enable detailed metrics and additionally collect the per-route metrics. To safeguard your HTTP API from excessive requests, you can employ throttling settings, which allow you to set limits per individual route as well as for all routes collectively. Configuring monitoring and protection for HTTP API with Terraform Now, let's see how Terraform helps configure the protection and monitoring for HTTP API. As mentioned earlier, API Gateway applies these configurations at the Stage level, which is why the aws_apigatewayv2_stage resource encapsulates them all. resource "aws_apigatewayv2_stage" "default" { api_id = aws_apigatewayv2_api . this . id name = " $ default" auto_deploy = true description = "Default stage (i.e., Production mode)" default_route_settings { throttling_burst_limit = 1 throttling_rate_limit = 1 } access_log_settings { destination_arn = aws_cloudwatch_log_group . api_gateway_logs_inkyframe . arn format = jsonencode ({ authorizerError = " $ context.authorizer.error" , identitySourceIP = " $ context.identity.sourceIp" , integrationError = " $ context.integration.error" , integrationErrorMessage = " $ context.integration.errorMessage" integrationLatency = " $ context.integration.latency" , integrationRequestId = " $ context.integration.requestId" , integrationStatus = " $ context.integration.integrationStatus" , integrationStatusCode = " $ context.integration.status" , requestErrorMessage = " $ context.error.message" , requestErrorMessageString = " $ context.error.messageString" , requestId = " $ context.requestId" , routeKey = " $ context.routeKey" , }) } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Here, I applied the default throttling settings : for my project, 1 request per second was enough at that point. 🤔 There is a nuance, though, that makes Terraforming API Gateway a little inconvenient — the IAM role that allows API to write logs must be defined on a region level. Therefore, if you maintain several Terraform projects for the same AWS account, you might need to have the following configuration stand separately to avoid conflicts or misunderstandings: resource "aws_api_gateway_account" "this" { cloudwatch_role_arn = aws_iam_role . api_gateway_cloudwatch_logs . arn } resource "aws_iam_role" "api_gateway_cloudwatch_logs" { name = "api-gateway-cloudwatch-logs" assume_role_policy = jsonencode ({ Version = "2012-10-17" Statement = [ { Effect = "Allow" Principal = { Service = "apigateway.amazonaws.com" } Action = "sts:AssumeRole" } ] }) managed_policy_arns = [ "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AmazonAPIGatewayPushToCloudWatchLogs" ] } resource "aws_cloudwatch_log_group" "api_gateway_logs_inkyframe" { name = "/aws/apigateway/inkyframe" log_group_class = "STANDARD" retention_in_days = 7 } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode And one more thing about HTTP API deployments and stages. I use the special $default keyword to have a single stage (hence, the default one), and I also used automatic deployments: with any change made to API configuration, AWS will automatically generate a new Deployment and bound it with the Stage. If you prefer controlling deployments manually, there is a special resource exists that implements this — aws_apigatewayv2_deployment resource "aws_apigatewayv2_deployment" "example" { api_id = aws_apigatewayv2_api . example . id description = "Example deployment" triggers = { redeployment = sha1 ( join ( "," , tolist ([ jsonencode ( aws_apigatewayv2_integration . example ), jsonencode ( aws_apigatewayv2_route . example ), ]))) } lifecycle { create_before_destroy = true } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In that case, the aws_apigatewayv2_stage resource requires the deployment_id argument to link itself with a particular Deployment and, therefore, represent the state of the API configuration. Also, API Gateway requires at least one configured API Route before the deployment is initiated/created. However, these resources do not explicitly depend on each other via attribute references. To avoid the race condition in Terraform, you need to reference the Route resource in the aws_apigatewayv2_deployment resource via the triggers argument (as shown above) or via the depends_on meta-argument. Otherwise, Terraform will try to apply changes to both resources simultaneously. Afterword: Simplifying Serverless Architectures In wrapping up our exploration of AWS HTTP API Gateway, AWS Lambda, and Terraform, we've delved into how these powerful tools work in tandem to streamline and enhance serverless architectures. This article aimed to combine my experience with new knowledge and demystify the complexities of used services, showcasing their capabilities in creating efficient, cost-effective solutions for modern cloud-based applications. We focused on practical implementation and the tangible benefits of combining these technologies. By leveraging Terraform, we've seen how infrastructure management can be simplified, allowing for clearer, more maintainable code. The combination of AWS Lambda and HTTP API Gateway has demonstrated the efficiency of serverless computing, offering scalability and performance without the burden of extensive configuration and management. This exploration underlines the importance of choosing the right tools and strategies in cloud computing. It reminds developers and architects that creating robust and efficient serverless systems is within reach with a thoughtful approach and the right set of tools. As the cloud landscape continues to evolve, staying informed and adaptable is key to harnessing the full potential of these technologies. 💚 Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Lucy Linder Posted on Jan 2, 2023 • Edited on Feb 9, 2024 • Originally published at blog.derlin.ch Finally a clean and easy way to add Table of Contents to dev.to articles 🤩 # howtodevto # writing # beginners # showdev Contrary to other platforms, dev.to doesn't have built-in support for Table of Contents (TOCs). Many articles describe tricks to generate TOCs, but those are often laborious and lack a clean UI. I am thus proud to announce ✨✨ BitDownToc now supports dev.to✨✨ ! How to add TOCs to dev.to articles Start by copying your article content. Then: go to https://derlin.github.io/bitdowntoc/ , select the dev.to preset, copy-paste your article into the left box, click on generate , click on copy . You now have your article content with TOC on your clipboard! You can even redo the manipulation after an update to the article since BitDownToc is idempotent by default! For the dark lovers out there, you can toggle the dark theme using the first icon on the top right 😉 ↓ Table of Content (generated by BitDownToc) ↓ Why are TOCs important? How do TOCs work? TOCs on dev.to Advantages of BitDownToc (Bonus) TOCs on other platforms Why are TOCs important? A table of contents (TOC) is important because it helps navigate the content and find specific information quickly. It allows readers to grasp in seconds what the article is about and to potentially jump to the section they are interested in in a click. It improves the overall organization, readability, and usability of the article. How do TOCs work? A table of contents is simply a list of fragment links ( #xxx ), with each link pointing to a section in the document - called an anchor . Anchors are used to link to a specific location within the same webpage. Previous to HTML5, they were created using the <a> element and a name attribute, which is now deprecated in favor of the id attribute: <!-- for old browser ... ---> <a name= "section1" > Section 1 </a> <!-- ... or for modern browser supporting HTML5 --> <h2 id= "section1" > Section 1 </h2> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode To refer to an anchor, one can use a link with a # symbol - called a fragment link . From the example above: <a href= "#section1" > Jump to Section 1 </a> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode TOCs on dev.to Dev.to automatically generates anchors for headings using the following algorithm: take the heading text, lowercase everything, drop any character that isn't a letter, a digit, or a space, merge consecutive spaces into a single one replace spaces with dashes. To manually add a TOC to a dev.to article, we thus need to generate the TOC with the proper fragment links: ## Table of Contents - [Introduction](#introduction) - [This ;;; is Main. Body](#this-is-main-body) - [Conclusion (yup)](#conclusion-yup) ## Introduction ... ## This ;;; is Main. Body ... ## Conclusion (yup) ... Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This is tiresome to do... Hence BitDownToc! Advantages of BitDownToc There have been multiple solutions proposed to generate TOCs on dev.to articles in an "automatic" fashion, for example: How to create a table of content for a Dev.to post Kevin Bravo ・ Mar 2 '22 #beginners #tutorial #javascript #bloging Adding Table of Contents to Dev.to Posts Sunder Iyer ・ Mar 19 '21 #productivity #writing #tips BitDownToc, however, offers more: idempotency and TOC placement . An idempotent operation produces the same result no matter how many times it is applied. In other words, you can re-run BitDownToc on the same article multiple times: it will either update the TOC (if needed) or leave it as is. To support this feature, TOC (and anchors) are wrapped within small comments. Those comments are usually in HTML ( <!-- ... --> ), but since dev.to doesn't support them (😦), the dev.to preset uses liquid tags instead ( {%- # ... -%} ). The above example will look the same, but with liquid comments around the TOC: ...- [Introduction](#introduction) - [This ;;; is Main. Body](#this-is-main-body) - [Conclusion (yup)](#conclusion-yup)... Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Another great feature of BitDownToc is the ability to control where the TOC will appear in the article using the marker [TOC] . Any heading above this marker won't be part of the TOC. Many more options are available! Toggle them by clicking on Options : If you always use the same options, click on Save to make them the defaults 😉. (Bonus) TOCs on other platforms BitDownToc is meant to be universal . To make it easy to use, it comes with presets for most developer platforms such as GitHub, Gitlab, and BitBucket Server. Most markdown renderers generate anchors automatically for each section. The challenge is to find out how this generation works. On GitHub , for example, the title is lowercased, all special characters (other than letters, digits, and spaces) in the heading are dropped, and spaces are replaced with dashes. Gitlab and dev.to merge consecutive spaces into a single one before performing the same logic. This option is called concat-spaces in BitDownToc. HashNode works like Gitlab, but prefixes anchors with heading- . This option is called anchors-prefix in BitDownToc. For renderers that do not generate anchors (or if the anchor's generation algorithm is too convoluted), BitDownToc can generate its own anchors directly in the markdown. This is what it does for BitBucket Server. 🗒️ Note that if you inspect the HTML of any README on GitHub or Gitlab, you won't see the "real" anchors. A markdown like: ## Introduction Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Will be translated to the following HTML snippet: <h2 dir= "auto" > <a id= "user-content-introduction" class= "anchor" href= "#introduction" aria-hidden= "true" ></a> Introduction </h2> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This is because both platforms handle hash changes via Javascript, with a code that (probably) looks like this: addEventListener ( ' hashchange ' , () => { const hash = location . hash . toLowerCase (); const elem = document . getElementById ( `user-content- ${ hash } ` ); elem . scrollIntoView (); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Find out more about BitDownToc on GitHub ⮕ https://github.com/derlin/bitdowntoc Top comments (17) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Technology enthusiast and octopus lover. Coding makes me happy ! Follow me at https://blog.derlin.ch Location Switzerland Education Msc Work Software Engineer Joined Aug 2, 2021 • Jan 2 '23 • Edited on Jan 2 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide UPDATE : I just discovered dev.to DOES create anchors (GitLab style - with space concatenation). I just updated BitDownToc online and the article to match this finding! Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow I'm a friendly, non-dev, cisgender guy from NC who enjoys playing music/making noise, hiking, eating veggies, and hanging out with my best friend/wife + our 3 kitties + 1 greyhound. Email mct3545@gmail.com Location North Carolina Education BFA in Creative Writing Pronouns he/him Work Senior Community Manager at DEV Joined Oct 24, 2017 • Jan 2 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Rock on! Awesome work, Lucy! 🙌 This actually came up in discussion last week in @szabgab 's post here: View (Markdown) Source button on DEV Gabor Szabo ・ Dec 30 '22 ・ 1 min read #productivity #discuss #beginners #dev The post is about more than just ToCs, but Gabor illustrates his point with an example saying it'd be cool to have the option to see the raw MD of a post to see how folks are creating interesting things in MD, like a ToC. Anywho, it's just really cool to see this come to fruition a week after that convo. Really appreciate ya adding DEV support to this tool! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Technology enthusiast and octopus lover. Coding makes me happy ! Follow me at https://blog.derlin.ch Location Switzerland Education Msc Work Software Engineer Joined Aug 2, 2021 • Jan 2 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for the kind words and the share ! Good timing indeed 😄 I am all for the "show source" button, it would be an awesome addition to dev.to. Markdown is so easy and yet so complex at times! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Vincent A. Cicirello Vincent A. Cicirello Vincent A. Cicirello Follow Researcher and educator in A.I., algorithms, evolutionary computation, machine learning, and swarm intelligence Location NJ Education Ph.D. in Robotics, Carnegie Mellon University Work Professor of Computer Science at Stockton University Joined Sep 14, 2020 • Jan 2 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Cool approach to generating TOCs for DEV posts. Your explanation of how to manually add a TOC on DEV isn't entirely correct. You don't actually need to create the anchors yourself. DEV automatically creates anchors for every section just like GitHub does in READMEs. The anchor is formed by dropping any symbols from the section heading, lowercasing the section heading, and replacing spaces with dashes. For example, the following section heading: ## Section Heading + Hyphenated-Word Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Will get an anchor by removing the + and - , lowercasing everything and replacing spaces with - . So you can link to it with: [ Link Text ]( #section-heading-hyphenatedword ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Technology enthusiast and octopus lover. Coding makes me happy ! Follow me at https://blog.derlin.ch Location Switzerland Education Msc Work Software Engineer Joined Aug 2, 2021 • Jan 2 '23 • Edited on Jan 2 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yeah, I just saw... I feel stupid having missed that... I updated BitDownToc online to match this finding and changed part of the article, thank you !! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Vincent A. Cicirello Vincent A. Cicirello Vincent A. Cicirello Follow Researcher and educator in A.I., algorithms, evolutionary computation, machine learning, and swarm intelligence Location NJ Education Ph.D. in Robotics, Carnegie Mellon University Work Professor of Computer Science at Stockton University Joined Sep 14, 2020 • Jan 2 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide No reason to feel stupid. It is more of an example of the importance of your TOC tool. It seems every site's markdown processor is a little different. Your TOC tool looks very useful especially because of that. With your tool, there is no reason to remember the differences in how anchors are formed. Very cool. Maybe there's a way to integrate it directly with DEV's editor. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Fabien Arcellier Fabien Arcellier Fabien Arcellier Follow Location Montélimar, France Work Engineering manager at Track & co Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Jan 3 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It's excellent. I love that it's idempotent and at any point in writing I can generate the table of contents again. Thank you :) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Serena Serena Serena Follow Sharing some insight on a few things that's helped me out Work Software Engineer, Front-End @ Veradigm Joined Jan 15, 2023 • Aug 16 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Very useful and quick!! Thanks so much, I didn't think such a tool would exist :o Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Benoit COUETIL 💫 Benoit COUETIL 💫 Benoit COUETIL 💫 Follow Hi, I've been a professional developer and DevOps engineer for 18 years 🤓. I share original content from diverse real-world production experiences through monthly blog posts. Location Rennes, France Education Software Engineer Work DevOps/Cloud/CICD Consultant at Zenika Joined Apr 15, 2021 • Mar 30 '23 • Edited on Mar 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you, very useful 🙏 May I suggest 2 things : Adding a comment saying where it is generated, then I would not have to remember : <!-- TOC generated with https://derlin.github.io/bitdowntoc/ --> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode TOC start/end should be one empty line away from actual TOC, because IDEs like VSCode want to add one before TOC start and want to indent TOC end with last section, forcing me to edit before saving. {%- # TOC start -%} - [Introduction](#introduction) - [S3 specific outputs](#s3-specific-outputs) - [Conclusion](#conclusion) {%- # TOC end -%} Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Technology enthusiast and octopus lover. Coding makes me happy ! Follow me at https://blog.derlin.ch Location Switzerland Education Msc Work Software Engineer Joined Aug 2, 2021 • Mar 30 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Very good suggestions indeed! Can you create issues on github so I don't forget them? Thank you for your valuable input Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Benoit COUETIL 💫 Benoit COUETIL 💫 Benoit COUETIL 💫 Follow Hi, I've been a professional developer and DevOps engineer for 18 years 🤓. I share original content from diverse real-world production experiences through monthly blog posts. Location Rennes, France Education Software Engineer Work DevOps/Cloud/CICD Consultant at Zenika Joined Apr 15, 2021 • Mar 30 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide done 😊 Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand zankyr zankyr zankyr Follow Java Developer from Como, Italy Location Como, Italy Work Senior Java Developer at Orange IT Services SA Joined Sep 7, 2020 • Feb 8 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Awesome! I have always been very comfortable with the IntelliJ feature to generate a TOC: a simple key combination et voilà , the TOC is created. But I realized that the format used is not understood by everyone : for example Visual Studio Code and dev.to do not digest very well the <!-- TOC --> tags generated by IJ (the closing tag is always displayed in the generated markdown). Also, I found that some particular headers are not well managed. For example this anchor [Delete all local branches not matching the provided name(s)](#delete-all-local-branches-not-matching-the-provided-name--s-) doesn't work in dev.to. The same anchor, generated by bitdowntoc, works just fine: [Delete all local branches not matching the provided name(s)](#delete-all-local-branches-not-matching-the-provided-names) Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Technology enthusiast and octopus lover. Coding makes me happy ! Follow me at https://blog.derlin.ch Location Switzerland Education Msc Work Software Engineer Joined Aug 2, 2021 • Feb 8 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide So happy you liked it! dev.to anchor generation is a mess... It took me a while to figure out how to reproduce the algorithm using Kotlin Multiplatform. I am planning on writing an article about it, stay tuned! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ting Ting Ting Follow Swift@Esri, ECE@Duke, Physics@BUPT Email tchen@esri.com Location Redlands, CA Education Duke Pronouns He/Him Work Sr Product Engineer at Esri Joined Feb 16, 2023 • Mar 26 '24 • Edited on Mar 26 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Welp, I guess this is kind of a clickbait title. 🤷♂️ There have been many Markdown TOC tools available, and I only decide to give this a read because I thought dev.to is gonna support TOC natively, just like GitHub markdown. If I need to copy paste my content back and forth just to generate TOC, then I probably gonna mess up the formatting at some point. Like comment: Like comment: Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Technology enthusiast and octopus lover. Coding makes me happy ! Follow me at https://blog.derlin.ch Location Switzerland Education Msc Work Software Engineer Joined Aug 2, 2021 • Mar 27 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Did you give bitdowntoc a try before writing this comment? I would be interested in your advices to make the experience more streamlined. Currently you copy from dev.to, paste to bitdowntoc, click, click, paste again on dev.to. This makes it difficult to "mess up". The only better approach would be a chrome extension integrating bitdowntoc, but I unfortunately don't have time for that right now. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ting Ting Ting Follow Swift@Esri, ECE@Duke, Physics@BUPT Email tchen@esri.com Location Redlands, CA Education Duke Pronouns He/Him Work Sr Product Engineer at Esri Joined Feb 16, 2023 • Mar 27 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for your response. I tried the tool and it works as explained. My complaint was only about the title "Finally a clean and easy way to add Table of Contents to dev.to articles" - I was hoping to see Dev.to adding this functionality natively, but apparently they don't bother doing this. Using online editor might be easy for edit-what-you-see workflow, but when it comes to managing separately hosted images, copy-paste get a a bit tricky. Thus I hope they'll have a native TOC button online, or I have to stick to the local editor with plugin. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Lucy Linder Follow Technology enthusiast and octopus lover. Coding makes me happy ! Follow me at https://blog.derlin.ch Location Switzerland Education Msc Work Software Engineer Joined Aug 2, 2021 • Mar 27 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide +1 for a built-in tool! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (17 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Lucy Linder Follow Technology enthusiast and octopus lover. Coding makes me happy ! 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https://dev.to/svasylenko/a-deep-dive-into-terraform-static-code-analysis-tools-features-and-comparisons-1kbf#comments | A Deep Dive Into Terraform Static Code Analysis Tools: Features and Comparisons - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Serhii Vasylenko Posted on Apr 16, 2024 • Originally published at devdosvid.blog A Deep Dive Into Terraform Static Code Analysis Tools: Features and Comparisons # terraform # security # devops # development Many teams employ Terraform by HashiCorp to efficiently manage their infrastructure, leveraging its ability to automate the lifecycle of complex environments. Yet, integrating security scanning into Terraform pipelines often remains overlooked, exposing these environments to potential security risks and compliance issues. This article explores several prominent static code analyzers that support Terraform code and focus on its security scanning. This comparison will guide teams in choosing the right tool to enhance their security measures within Terraform workflows, ensuring safer and more compliant infrastructure management. Here are the tools we'll be reviewing: KICS , tfsec , Trivy , Terrascan , Checkov , and Semgrep OSS . While many of these tools also support other platforms and technologies, this review will concentrate exclusively on their functionality with Terraform. Why use Static Code Analysis for Terraform Static code analysis tools are necessary to enhance the security of Terraform-managed infrastructures. Unlike linters, these tools focus not on syntax errors or coding style but delve deeply into the code to identify security vulnerabilities and potential compliance issues without running the actual code. This proactive approach to security helps safeguard the infrastructure from potential threats before deployment. Key Benefits Early Detection: Identifies security vulnerabilities and misconfigurations early in development, preventing them from reaching production. Compliance Assurance: Ensures Terraform code complies with industry standards and internal security policies. Automated Security Integration: Seamlessly integrates with CI/CD pipelines, automating security checks to maintain a continuous focus on security. Actionable Insights: Delivers detailed vulnerability reports, facilitating swift and effective resolution. Scalability: Effectively handles increasing project complexity and size, maintaining rigorous security standards without additional manual effort. Expected Features Policy Coverage : The tool should offer comprehensive scanning capabilities to detect security vulnerabilities specific to Infrastructure as Code. Customizable Security Policies : It must allow users to define and adjust security policies and severity levels to align with specific project needs or compliance requirements. Seamless Integration : The analyzer should integrate effortlessly with existing CI/CD tools and version control systems, facilitating a smooth workflow. Detailed Reporting : Clear and actionable reports are crucial. The tool should prioritize issues based on severity and provide practical steps for remediation. Scanning Customization : Users should be able to tailor the scanning process to focus on particular aspects of the codebase, enabling targeted and efficient security assessments. With a clear understanding of the necessary features in a static code analyzer, which tools on the market best fulfill these criteria? Let's take a closer look at some leading options! Meet the Static Code Analyzers for Terraform Following on what makes a static code analyzer robust, let's dive into some open-source tools that exemplify these essential features. I picked six tools for my review. I know there are more on the market, but I focused on open-source, free-to-use tools and those that provide at least >100 out-of-the-box scanning policies for Terraform. KICS (stands for "Keeping Infrastructure as Code Secure"): Owner/Maintainer: Checkmarx Age: First released on GitHub on November 30th, 2020 License: Apache License 2.0 tfsec Owner/Maintainer: Aqua Security (acquired in 2021) Age: First released on GitHub on March 5th, 2019 License: MIT License tfsec project is no longer actively maintained in favor of the Trivy tool. But because many people still use it and it's quite famous, I added tfsec to this comparison. However, I recommend against using it for new projects. Trivy Owner/Maintainer: Aqua Security Age: First released on GitHub on May 7th, 2019 License: Apache License 2.0 backward-compatible with tfsec Terrascan Owner/Maintainer: Tenable (acquired in 2022) Age: First release on GitHub on November 28th, 2017 License: Apache License 2.0 Checkov Owner/Maintainer: Prisma Cloud by Palo Alto Networks (acquired in 2021) Age: First released on GitHub on March 31st, 2021 License: Apache License 2.0 Semgrep OSS Owner/Maintainer: Semgrep Age: First release on GitHub on February 6th, 2020 License: GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1 These tools are essential in enhancing Terraform's security posture and reflect a strong collaboration between open-source communities and enterprise backing. This blend ensures that the tools are not only accessible but also robustly maintained and up-to-date. Let’s explore how these tools stack up regarding features and usability. Comparing Out-of-the-Box Policies and Terraform Providers Understanding the number and variety of default policies each tool offers is crucial for those just beginning to explore security automation for Terraform. The extent of out-of-the-box policies can significantly ease the integration process of static analysis by providing immediate and comprehensive insights into potential security and compliance issues. Similarly, the number of supported Terraform Providers also plays a critical role. In this chapter, we delve into these foundational features across observed tools, helping you pinpoint which one could best satisfy your requirements for robust, ready-to-use security scanning. Tool Policies Supported Terraform Providers KICKS 663 aws, azure, gcp, kubernetes, alicloud, databricks, github, nifcloud tfsec 154 aws, azure, gcp, digitalocean, kubernetes, cloudstack, github, openstack, oracle Trivy 322 aws, azure, gcp, digitalocean, cloudstack, github, oracle, openstack Terrascan 790 aws, azure, gcp, digitalocean, kubernetes, docker, github Checkov 2110 aws, azure, gcp, digitalocean, kubernetes, github, gitlab, ibm, linode, openstack, alicloud Semgrep OSS 362 aws, azure, gcp As you can see, all tools support the "Big Three" cloud service Terraform providers—AWS, Azure, and GCP—for managing resources on these popular platforms. With over 2000 out-of-the-box policies, Checkov significantly stands out from the competition. This tool also leads in the total number of supported Terraform providers. While the default policies provide a strong foundation for security scanning, the ability to tailor these policies is just as crucial. Next, we'll explore how each tool accommodates custom policy capabilities, allowing you to fine-tune the policies to fit your project's specific requirements. Custom Policy Capabilities Default policies serve as the foundation, but the nuances of each project demand the extension of this base. Here, we delve into how each tool enables you to add custom policies, thus enhancing and refining the provided defaults. While all six tools support adding custom policies to their default set, they differ in terminology: 'policy' is the common term, whereas KICS refers to them as 'queries,' and Semgrep calls them 'rules.' Regarding policy syntax: OPA Rego syntax is used by KICS , Trivy , tfsec , and Terrascan . It's a powerful language widely adopted in the industry, though there's a learning curve that could pay dividends for future projects. YAML syntax is used by Checkov and Semgrep . This offers a familiar and straightforward start, with Checkov also allowing policies to be written in Python, albeit with some constraints. With YAML, the ease of use is balanced against the limitations set by the tool's capabilities. Understanding these differences will guide you to a tool that matches your security requirements, your team's expertise, and the scope of your infrastructure projects. To illustrate, here is an example of a KICS Rego policy checking for default RDS instance ports: package Cx import data.generic.common as common_lib import data.generic.terraform as tf_lib CxPolicy[result] { db := input.document[i].resource.aws_db_instance[name] enginePort := common_lib.engines[e] db.engine == e db.port == enginePort result := { "documentId": input.document[i].id, "resourceType": "aws_db_instance", "resourceName": tf_lib.get_resource_name(db, name), "searchKey": sprintf("aws_db_instance[%s].port", [name]), "issueType": "IncorrectValue", "keyExpectedValue": sprintf("aws_db_instance[%s].port should not be set to %d", [name, enginePort]), "keyActualValue": sprintf("aws_db_instance[%s].port is set to %d", [name, enginePort]), "searchLine": common_lib.build_search_line(["resource", "aws_db_instance", name, "port"], []), } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode And an example of a Checkov YAML policy forbidding specific EC2 instance types: --- metadata : name : " Org's compute instances should not be p5.48xlarge or p4d.24xlarge" id : " ACME_AWS_FORBIDDEN_EC2_TYPES" category : " NETWORKING" definition : or : - cond_type : " attribute" resource_types : - " aws_instance" attribute : " instance_type" operator : " not_equals" value : " p5.48xlarge" - cond_type : " attribute" resource_types : - " aws_instance" attribute : " instance_type" operator : " not_equals" value : " p4d.24xlarge" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode With the ability to tailor policies to our specific needs, we'll next explore each tool's capacity to integrate broadly, determining how well they play with the rest of our tech stack. Integration Capabilities Integration capabilities are the cornerstone of efficient DevOps practices. This section will evaluate how each static code analyzer enhances your tech stack through seamless integration with other systems and technologies. We will assess each tool against four key integration points that are vital for development workflows: Docker Image : Ensures easy deployment across any container-supported environment. IDE Plugins : Facilitates real-time feedback and improves code quality directly within the developer's workspace. CI/CD Systems : Supports direct integration through plugins or extensions, eliminating the need for manual downloads or CLI setups. Pre-commit Hook : Provides an early security checkpoint by scanning code before it is committed, catching errors at the initial stages. Tool Docker Image IDE Plugins CI/CD Systems Hook KICKS ✅ VSCode Github Actions, Terraform Cloud, Codefresh ✅ tfsec ✅ VSCode, JetBrains, Vim Github Actions ❌ Trivy ✅ VSCode, JetBrains, Vim Azure DevOps, GitHub Actions, Buildkite, Dagger, Semaphore, CircleCI, Concourse CI ❌ Terrascan ✅ VSCode GitHub Actions, Atlantis ✅ Checkov ✅ VSCode, JetBrains GitHub Actions ✅ Semgrep OSS ✅ VSCode, JetBrains, Emacs, Vim GitLab ✅ In addition to the table above, here are a few noteworthy features of some tools: Checkov supports OpenAI integration to suggest remediations. But be careful because AI tends to hallucinate. KICS supports applying auto-remediation for some of its out-of-the-box policies. This also applies to custom policies, where you can define remediations and apply them automatically. Terrascan is the only one that provides the VSCode extension to create and test custom policies written in Rego. Having covered the integration capabilities, let’s now focus on the output formats each tool provides. Output Formats Provided Output formats extend the utility of static code analysis, facilitating integration with the CI/CD feedback loop and enabling its use as an artifact in subsequent CI jobs. This chapter examines the variety of formats each tool supports for this purpose. Each tool offers a range of output formats tailored to different needs. For GitLab users : For teams leveraging GitLab's security scanning, KICS, Checkov, and Semgrep OSS are equipped with compatible output formats, facilitating smooth GitLab integration. For GitHub users : SARIF's adoption as an industry standard, particularly by GitHub for code scanning, makes it a must-have. All tools assessed offer SARIF support, ensuring interoperability and broad utility. JUnit Reports : The availability of JUnit output is crucial for capturing test results in a format recognizable by various CI systems. Trivy, Terrascan, Checkov, and Semgrep OSS support this, enabling clear visualization of test outcomes and enhancing the feedback loop within CI pipelines. Beyond these, each tool supports additional formats, enriching their application and versatility. Here's the full breakdown of the output formats, complementing the standard CLI output: Tool Supported Output Formats KICKS ASFF, CSV, Code Climate, CycloneDX, GItLab SAST, HTML, JSON, JUnit, PDF, SARIF, SonarQube tfsec Checkstyle, CSV, HTML, JSON, JUnit, Markdown, SARIF Trivy ASFF, Cosign, CycloneDX, JSON, SARIF, SPDX Terrascan JSON, JUnit, SARIF, XML, YAML Checkov CSV, CycloneDX, GItLab SAST, JSON, JUnit, SARIF, SPDX Semgrep OSS Emacs, GitLab SAST, JSON, JUnit, SARIF, Vim Moving from output formats to operational adaptability, let's investigate the customization options for scanner settings. This important feature allows each tool to align with varied project demands. Customizing Scanner Settings This chapter moves beyond the default scanner settings and delves into scanner settings' customizability, ensuring that tools can be calibrated for any development environment or security requirement. I will evaluate each tool against criteria that define a tool's adaptability and user-friendliness: Targeted Scans : Select specific directories for scanning or exclusion to focus on pertinent areas and skip irrelevant ones. In-Code Ignore Policies : Enable ignore directives within code to skip checks when exceptions apply selectively. Severity Thresholds : Set reporting to include only findings above a chosen severity level, concentrating on the most impactful issues. Configuration File : Employ configuration files for consistency and collaboration, enabling a 'configuration as code' approach. TF Variables Interpolation : Interpret and evaluate Terraform variables for an accurate security assessment of IaC. Module Scanning : For complete coverage, scans should include both local and remote (public/private) Terraform modules. Based on these criteria, the following table offers a comparative view of how each tool performs, giving you a clear snapshot of their customization capabilities: Tool Targeted Scans Ignore Policies Min Severity Config File Variables Interpolation Module Scanning KICKS ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ⁉️️ tfsec ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ Trivy ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ Terrascan ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ Checkov ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ Semgrep OSS ✅ ✅ ✅ ❌ ✅ ❌ Most reviewed tools meet nearly all the criteria set for scanner setting customization, demonstrating their flexibility and advanced capabilities. However, there are notable features worth considering: KICS: Provides limited module scanning capabilities, restricted to some public modules from the Terraform registry, and does not cover local or private custom modules. Terrascan & Trivy: Both feature server modes that centralize vulnerability databases. This centralization facilitates a unified approach to applying policies and configurations, enhancing consistency and efficiency for teams and reducing the management overhead of diverse policies across multiple projects. Semgrep: It doesn't support scanner configuration files; instead, it uses the "config" word to call the rule sets and accepts such configs. Notably, it also does not support the scanning of Terraform modules at all. Terraform Security Scanning: The Big Picture and Top Pick Here's a comprehensive comparison summary to guide your selection of the most suitable Terraform static code analyzer: Tool Default Policies Custom Policies Integration Output Formats Customization KICKS 663 OPA Rego ✅Docker, ✅IDE, ✅CI/CD, ✅Git Hook ASFF, CSV, Code Climate, CycloneDX, GItLab SAST, HTML, JSON, JUnit, PDF, SARIF, SonarQube ✅Targeted Scans, ✅Ignore Policies, ✅Min Severity, ✅Config File, ✅Variables Interpolation, ❌Module Scanning tfsec 154 OPA Rego ✅Docker, ✅IDE, ✅CI/CD, ❌Git Hook Checkstyle, CSV, HTML, JSON, JUnit, Markdown, SARIF ✅Targeted Scans, ✅Ignore Policies, ✅Min Severity, ✅Config File, ✅Variables Interpolation, ✅Module Scanning Trivy 322 OPA Rego ✅Docker, ✅IDE, ✅CI/CD, ❌Git Hook ASFF, Cosign, CycloneDX, JSON, SARIF, SPDX ✅Targeted Scans, ✅Ignore Policies, ✅Min Severity, ✅Config File, ✅Variables Interpolation, ✅Module Scanning Terrascan 790 OPA Rego ✅Docker, ✅IDE, ✅CI/CD, ✅Git Hook JSON, JUnit, SARIF, XML, YAML ✅Targeted Scans, ✅Ignore Policies, ✅Min Severity, ✅Config File, ✅Variables Interpolation, ✅Module Scanning Checkov 2110 YAML, Python ✅Docker, ✅IDE, ✅CI/CD, ✅Git Hook CSV, CycloneDX, GItLab SAST, JSON, JUnit, SARIF, SPDX ✅Targeted Scans, ✅Ignore Policies, ✅Min Severity, ✅Config File, ✅Variables Interpolation, ✅Module Scanning Semgrep OSS 362 YAML ✅Docker, ✅IDE, ✅CI/CD, ✅Git Hook Emacs, GitLab SAST, JSON, JUnit, SARIF, Vim ✅Targeted Scans, ✅Ignore Policies, ✅Min Severity, ❌Config File, ✅Variables Interpolation, ❌Module Scanning Integrating a Terraform security scanning into your development pipeline is a proven strategy to boost your security posture. These tools detect potential vulnerabilities early and enforce best practices and compliance standards, representing a proactive approach to infrastructure security. For teams not yet utilizing these tools, Checkov is my top recommendation: Biggest number of default policies and supported Terraform providers for a quick start. Custom policy support in YAML and Python for flexible policy creation. Wide integration options with Docker, IDEs, CI/CD systems, and Git Hooks for a smooth workflow. Please share your favorite tool in the comments below! Also, let me know if I missed a cool product that should have been included in the review. Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Serhii Vasylenko Follow I am an engineer from Ukraine. I like astronomy and everything related to DevOps. I thrive on developing great product offerings, great people, and great teams. Location Germany, Berlin Work Developer Experience Engineer at Grammarly Joined Dec 27, 2017 More from Serhii Vasylenko Mastering AWS API Gateway V2 HTTP and AWS Lambda With Terraform # aws # terraform # devops # serverless Hello terraform_data! 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https://dev.to/hereisnaman | Naman Kumar - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Naman Kumar Engineering @ProductHunt Location New Delhi, India Joined Joined on Sep 7, 2019 Email address naman@outlook.in Personal website https://naman.sh github website twitter website Work Software Engineer at Product Hunt Six Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least six years. Got it Close Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close More info about @hereisnaman Post 2 posts published Comment 4 comments written Tag 26 tags followed Logical OR (||) vs Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) in JavaScript Naman Kumar Naman Kumar Naman Kumar Follow Apr 22 '20 Logical OR (||) vs Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) in JavaScript # node # javascript # opensourc 54 reactions Comments 4 comments 1 min read Want to connect with Naman Kumar? Create an account to connect with Naman Kumar. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in A minimal authorization policy builder for NodeJs Naman Kumar Naman Kumar Naman Kumar Follow Apr 14 '20 A minimal authorization policy builder for NodeJs # npm # node # javascript # authorization 11 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://stripe.com/de-li/privacy | Mit Stripe Sales chatten Privacy Policy Stripe logo Rechtsbereich Stripe Privacy Policy & Privacy Center Datenschutzerklärung Cookie-Richtlinie Datenschutz-Framework Dienstanbieterliste Datenverarbeitungsvereinbarung Supplier Data Processing Agreement Datenschutzcenter von Stripe Privacy Policy This Privacy Policy will be updated on January 16, 2026. Please review the upcoming changes here . Last updated: January 16, 2025 This Privacy Policy includes important information about your personal data and we encourage you to read it carefully. Welcome We provide financial infrastructure for the internet. Individuals and businesses of all sizes use our technology and services to facilitate purchases, accept payments, send payouts, and manage online businesses. This Privacy Policy (“Policy”) describes the Personal Data that we collect, how we use and share it, and details on how you can reach us with privacy-related inquiries. The Policy also outlines your rights and choices as a data subject, including the right to object to certain uses of your Personal Data. Depending on the activity, Stripe assumes the role of a “data controller” and/or “data processor” (or “service provider”). For more details about our privacy practices, including our role, the specific Stripe entity responsible under this Policy, and our legal bases for processing your Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . Defined Terms In this Policy, “Stripe”, “we”, “our,” or “us” refers to the Stripe entity responsible for the collection, use, and handling of Personal Data as described in this document. Depending on your jurisdiction, the specific Stripe entity accountable for your Personal Data might vary. Learn More . “Personal Data” refers to any information associated with an identified or identifiable individual, which can include data that you provide to us, and that we collect about you during your interaction with our Services (such as device information, IP address, etc.). “Services” refers to the products, services, devices, and applications, that we provide under the Stripe Services Agreement (“Business Services”) or the Stripe Consumer Terms of Service (“End User Services”); websites (“Sites”) like Stripe.com and Link.com; and other Stripe applications and online services. We provide Business Services to entities (“Business Users”). We provide End User Services directly to individuals for their personal use. “Financial Partners” are financial institutions, banks, and other partners such as payment method acquirers, payout providers, and card networks that we partner with to provide the Services. Depending on the context, “you” might be an End Customer, End User, Representative, or Visitor: End Users. When you use an End User Service, such as saving a payment method with Link, for personal use we refer to you as an “End User.” End Customers. When you are not directly transacting with Stripe, but we receive your Personal Data to provide Services to a Business User, including when you make a purchase from a Business User on a Stripe Checkout page or receive payments from a Business User, we refer to you as an “End Customer.” Representatives. When you are acting on behalf of an existing or potential Business User—perhaps as a company founder, account administrator for a Business User, or a recipient of an employee credit card from a Business User via Stripe Issuing—we refer to you as a “Representative.” Visitors. When you interact with Stripe by visiting a Site without being logged into a Stripe account, or when your interaction with Stripe does not involve you being an End User, End Customer, or Representative, we refer to you as a “Visitor.” For example, you are a Visitor when you send a message to Stripe asking for more information about our Services. In this Policy, “Transaction Data” refers to data collected and used by Stripe to facilitate transactions you request. Some Transaction Data is Personal Data and may include: your name, email address, contact number, billing and shipping address, payment method information (like credit or debit card number, bank account details, or payment card image chosen by you), merchant and location details, amount and date of purchase, and in some instances, information about what was purchased. 1. Personal Data that we collect and how we use and share it 2. More ways we collect, use and share Personal Data 3. Legal bases for processing data 4. Your rights and choices 5. Security and retention 6. International data transfers 7. Updates and notifications 8. Jurisdiction-specific provisions 9. Contact us 10. US Consumer Privacy Notice 1. Personal Data we collect and how we use and share it Our collection and use of Personal Data differs based on whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, and the specific Service that you are using. For example, if you're a sole proprietor who wants to use our Business Services, we may collect your Personal Data to onboard your business; at the same time, you might also be an End Customer if you've bought goods from another Business User that is using our Services for payment processing. You could also be an End User if you used our End User Service, such as Link, for those transactions. 1.1 End Users We provide End User Services when we provide the Services directly to you for your personal use (e.g., Link). Additional details regarding our collection, usage, and sharing of End User Personal Data, including the legal bases we rely on for processing such data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about End Users Using Link or Connecting your bank account . Stripe offers a service called "Link," which allows you to create an account and store information for future interactions with Stripe’s Services and Business Users. You may save a number of different kinds of Personal Data using Link. For instance, you may save your name, payment method details, contact information, and address to conveniently use saved information to pay for transactions across our Business Users. When you choose to pay with Link, we will also collect Transaction Data associated with your transactions. Learn More . You can also share and save bank account details to your Link account using Stripe’s Financial Connections product. When you use Financial Connections, Stripe will periodically collect and process your account information (such as bank account owner information, account balances, account number and details, account transactions, and, in some cases, log-in credentials). You can ask us to cease the collection of such data at any time. Learn More . You can also use your Link account to access services provided by Stripe’s partner businesses, such as Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) services or crypto wallet services. In these situations, we will collect and share additional Personal Data with partner businesses to facilitate your use of such services. You can save this information to your Link account to access similar services in the future. We may also receive certain information about you from partner businesses in connection with the services they provide. Learn More . Finally, you can use Link to store your identity documents (such as your driver’s license) so that you can share them in future interactions with Stripe or its Business Users. Paying Stripe . When you purchase goods or services directly from Stripe, we receive your Transaction Data. For instance, when you make a payment to Stripe Climate, we collect information about the transaction, as well as your contact and payment method details. Identity/Verification Services . We offer an identity verification service that automates the comparison of your identity document (such as a driver’s license) with your image (such as a selfie). You can separately consent to us using your biometric data to enhance our verification technology, with the option to revoke your consent at any time. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Users, including about your online activity and your engagement with our End User Services, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Users Services . We use and share your Personal Data to provide the End User Services to you, which includes support, personalization (such as language preferences and setting choices), and communication about our End User Services (such as communicating Policy updates and information about our Services). For example, Stripe may use cookies and similar technologies or the data you provide to our Business Users (such as when you input your email address on a Business User’s website) to recognize you and help you use Link when visiting our Business User’s website. Learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies in Stripe’s Cookie Policy . Our Business Users. When you use Link to make payments with our Business Users, we share your Personal Data, including name, contact information, payment method details, and Transaction Data with those Business Users. Learn More . You can also direct Stripe to share your saved bank account information and identity documents with Business Users you do business with. Once we share your Personal Data with Business Users, we may process that Personal Data as a Data Processor for those Business Users, as detailed in Section 1.2 of this Policy. You should consult the privacy policies of the Business Users’ you do business with for information on how they use the information shared with them. Fraud Detection and Loss Prevention . We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect fraud and prevent financial losses for you, us, and our Business Users and Financial Partners, including detecting unauthorized purchases. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those that use our fraud prevention-related Business Services (such as Stripe Radar), with Personal Data about you (including your attempted transactions) so that they can assess the fraud or loss risk associated with the transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, we may use your Personal Data, including Transaction Data, to assess your eligibility for, and offer you, other End User Services or promote existing End User Services, including through co-marketing with partners such as Stripe Business Users. Learn more . Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we use and share End User Personal Data with third party partners to allow us to advertise our End User Services to you, including through interest-based advertising, and to track the efficacy of such ads. We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third-party partners, such as advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services to you. Learn more . More . For further information about ways we may use and share End Users' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.2 End Customers Stripe provides various Business Services to our Business Users, which include processing in-person or online payments or payouts for those Business Users. When acting as a service provider—also referred to as a Data Processor—for a Business User, we process End Customer Personal Data in accordance with our agreement with the Business User and the Business User's lawful instructions. This happens, for example, when we process a payment for a Business User because you purchased a product from them, or when the Business User asks us to send you funds. Business Users are responsible for ensuring that the privacy rights of their End Customers are respected, including obtaining appropriate consents and making disclosures about their own data collection and use associated with their products and services. If you're an End Customer, please refer to the privacy policy of the Business User you're doing business with for its privacy practices, choices, and controls. We provide more comprehensive information about our collection, use, and sharing of End Customer Personal Data in our Privacy Center , including the legal bases we rely on for processing your Personal Data. a. Personal Data we collect about End Customers Transaction Data . If you're an End Customer making payments to, receiving refunds or payments from, initiating a purchase or donation, or otherwise transacting with our Business User, whether in-person or online, we receive your Transaction Data. We may also receive your transaction history with the Business User. Learn More . Additionally, we may collect information entered into a checkout form even if you opt not to complete the form or transaction with the Business User. Learn More . A Business User who uses Stripe’s Terminal Service to provide its goods or services to End Customers may use the Terminal Service to collect End Customer Personal Data (like your name, email, phone number, address, signature, or age) in accordance with its own privacy policy. Identity/Verification Information . Stripe provides a verification and fraud prevention Service that our Business Users can use to verify Personal Data about you, such as your authorization to use a particular payment method. During the process, you’d be asked to share with us certain Personal Data (like your government ID and selfie for biometric verification, Personal Data you input, or Personal Data that is apparent from the physical payment method like a credit card image). To protect against fraud and determine if somebody is trying to impersonate you, we may cross-verify this data with information about you that we've collected from Business Users, Financial Partners, business affiliates, identity verification services, publicly available sources, and other third party service providers and sources. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Customers, including about your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Customers To provide our Business Services to our Business Users, we use and share End Customers' Personal Data with them. Where allowed, we also use End Customers' Personal Data for Stripe’s own purposes such as enhancing security, improving and offering our Business Services, and preventing fraud, loss, and other damages, as described further below. Payment processing and accounting . We use your Transaction Data to deliver Payment-related Business Services to Business Users — including online payment transactions processing, sales tax calculation, and invoice, bill, and dispute handling — and to help them determine their revenue, settle their bills, and execute accounting tasks. Learn More . We may also use your Personal Data to provide and improve our Business Services. During payment transactions, your Personal Data is shared with various entities in connection with your transaction. As a service provider or data processor, we share Personal Data to enable transactions as directed by Business Users. For instance, when you choose a payment method for your transaction, we may share your Transaction Data with your bank or other payment method provider, including as necessary to authenticate you, Learn More , process your transaction, prevent fraud, and handle disputes. The Business User you choose to do business with also receives Transaction Data and might share the data with others. Please review your merchant’s, bank’s, and payment method provider’s privacy policies for more information about how they use and share your Personal Data. Financial services . Certain Business Users leverage our Services to offer financial services to you via Stripe or our Financial Partners. For example, a Business User may issue a card product with which you can purchase goods and services. Such cards could carry the brand of Stripe, the bank partner, and/or the Business User. In addition to any Transaction Data we may generate or receive when these cards are used for purchases, we also collect and use your Personal Data to provide and manage these products, including assisting our Business Users in preventing misuse of the cards. Please review the privacy policies of the Business User and, if applicable, our bank partners associated with the financial service (the brands of which may be shown on the card) for more information. Identity/Verification services . We use Personal Data about your identity to perform verification services for Stripe or for the Business Users that you are transacting with, to prevent fraud, and to enhance security. For these purposes we may use Personal Data you provide directly or Personal Data we obtain from our service providers, including for phone verification. Learn More . If you provide a selfie along with an image of your identity document, we may employ biometric technology to compare and calculate whether they match and verify your identity. Learn More . Fraud detection and loss prevention. We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect and prevent losses for you, us, our Business Users, and Financial Partners. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those using our fraud prevention-related Business Services, with your Personal Data (including your attempted transactions) to help them assess the fraud or loss risk associated with a transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Our Business Users (and their authorized third parties). We share End Customers' Personal Data with their respective Business Users and parties directly authorized by those Business Users to receive such data. Here are common examples of such sharing: When a Business User instructs Stripe to provide another Business User with access to its Stripe account, including data related to its End Customers, via Stripe Connect. Sharing information that you have provided to us with a Business User so that we can send payments to you on behalf of that Business User. Sharing information, documents, or images provided by an End Customer with a Business User when the latter uses Stripe Identity, our identity verification Service, to verify the identity of the End Customer. The Business Users you choose to do business with may further share your Personal Data with third parties (like additional third party service providers other than Stripe). Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information. Advertising by Business Users . If you initiate a purchasing process with a Business User, the Business User receives your Personal Data from us in connection with our provision of Services even if you don't finish your purchase. The Business User may use your Personal Data to market and advertise their products or services, subject to the terms of their privacy policy. Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information, including your rights to stop their use of your Personal Data for marketing purposes. More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share End Customers' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.3 Representatives We collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives of Business Users (for example, business owners) to provide our Business Services. For more information about how we collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives, as well as the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Representatives Registration and contact information . When you register for a Stripe account for a Business User (including incorporation of a Business), we collect your name and login credentials. If you register for or attend an event organized by Stripe or sign up to receive Stripe communications, we collect your registration and profile data. As a Representative, we may collect your Personal Data from third parties, including data providers, to advertise, market, and communicate with you as detailed further in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. We may also link a location with you to tailor the Services or information effectively to your needs. Learn More . Identification Information . As a current or potential Business User, an owner of a Business User, or a shareholder, officer, or director of a Business User, we need your contact details, such as name, postal address, telephone number, and email address, to fulfill our Financial Partner and regulatory requirements, verify your identity, and prevent fraudulent activities and harm to the Stripe platform. We collect your Personal Data, such as ownership interest in the Business User, date of birth, government-issued identity documents, and associated identifiers, as well as any history of fraud or misuse, directly from you and/or from publicly available sources, third parties such as credit bureaus and via the Services we provide. Learn More . You may also choose to provide us with bank account information. More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about Representatives, including your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Representatives We typically use the Personal Data of Representatives to provide the Business Services to the corresponding Business Users. The ways we use and share this data are further described below. Business Services . We use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with Business Users to provide the Services requested by you or the Business User you represent. In some instances, we may have to submit your Personal Data to a government entity to provide our Business Services, for purposes such as the incorporation of a business, or calculating and paying applicable sales tax. For our tax-related Business Services, we may use your Personal Data to prepare tax documents and file taxes on behalf of the Business User you represent. For our Atlas business incorporation Services, we may use your Personal Data to submit forms to the IRS on your behalf and file documents with other government authorities, such as articles of incorporation in your state of incorporation. We share Representatives’ Personal Data with parties authorized by the corresponding Business User, such as Financial Partners servicing a financial product, or third party apps or services the Business User chooses to use alongside our Business Services. Here are common examples of such sharing: Payment method providers, like Visa or WeChat Pay, require information about Business Users and their Representatives who accept their payment methods. This information is typically required during the onboarding process or for processing transactions and handling disputes for these Business Users. Learn More . A Business User may authorize Stripe to share your Personal Data with other Business Users to facilitate the provision of Services through Stripe Connect. The use of Personal Data by a third party authorized by a Business User is subject to the third party’s privacy policy. If you are a Business User who has chosen a name that includes Personal Data (for example, a sole proprietorship or family name in a company name), we will use and share such information for the provision of our Services in the same way we do with any company name. This may include, for example, displaying it on receipts and other transaction-identifying descriptions. Fraud detection and loss prevention . We use Representatives’ Personal Data to identify and manage risks that our Business Services might be used for fraudulent activities causing losses to Stripe, End Users, End Customers, Business Users, Financial Partners, and others. We also use information about you obtained from publicly available sources, third parties like credit bureaus and from our Services to address such risks, including to identify patterns of misuse and monitor for terms of service violations. Stripe may share Representatives' Personal Data with Business Users, our Financial Partners, and third party service providers, including phone verification providers, Learn More , to verify the information provided by you and identify risk indicators. Learn More . We also use and share Representatives' Personal Data to conduct due diligence, including conducting anti-money laundering and sanctions screening in accordance with applicable law. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment. However, we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . We may also use your Personal Data, including your Stripe account activity, to evaluate your eligibility for and offer you Business Services or promote existing Business Services. Learn more . More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share Representatives’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.4 Visitors We collect, use, and share the Personal Data of Visitors. More details about how we collect, use, and share Visitors’ Personal Data, along with the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Visitors When you browse our Sites, we receive your Personal Data, either provided directly by you or collected through our use of cookies and similar technologies. See our Cookie Policy for more information. If you opt to complete a form on the Site or third party websites where our advertisements are displayed (like LinkedIn or Facebook), we collect the information you included in the form. This may include your contact information and other information pertaining to your questions about our Services. We may also associate a location with your visit. Learn More . More . Further details about other types of Personal Data that we may collect from Visitors, including your online activity, can be found in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Visitors Personalization . We use the data we collect about you using cookies and similar technologies to measure engagement with the content on the Sites, improve relevancy and navigation, customize your experience (such as language preference and region-specific content), and curate content about Stripe and our Services that's tailored to you. For instance, as not all of our Services are available globally, we may customize our responses based on your region. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Visitors’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . Engagement . As you interact with our Sites, we use the information we collect about and through your devices to provide opportunities for further interactions, such as discussions about Services or interactions with chatbots, to address your questions. More . For more information about additional ways we may use and share Visitors’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 2. More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data In addition to the ways described above, we also process your Personal Data as follows: a. Collection of Personal Data Online Activity . Depending on the Service used and how our Business Services are implemented by the Business Users, we may collect information related to: The devices and browsers you use across our Sites and third party websites, apps, and other online services (“Third Party Sites”). Usage data associated with those devices and browsers and your engagement with our Services, including data elements like IP address, plug-ins, language preference, time spent on Sites and Third Party Sites, pages visited, links clicked, payment methods used, and the pages that led you to our Sites and Third Party Sites. We also collect activity indicators, such as mouse activity indicators, to help us detect fraud. Learn More . See also our Cookie Policy . Communication and Engagement Information . We also collect information you choose to share with us through various channels, such as support tickets, emails, or social media. If you respond to emails or surveys from Stripe, we collect your email address, name, and any other data you opt to include in your email or responses. If you engage with us over the phone, we collect your phone number and any other information you might provide during the call. Calls with Stripe or Stripe representatives may be recorded. Learn More . Additionally, we collect your engagement data, like your registration for, attendance at, or viewing of Stripe events and any other interactions with Stripe personnel. Forums and Discussion Groups . If our Sites allow posting of content, we collect Personal Data that you provide in connection with the post. b. Use of Personal Data. Besides the use of Personal Data described above, we use Personal Data in the ways listed below: Analyzing, Improving, and Developing our Services . We collect and process Personal Data throughout our various Services, whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, to improve our Services, develop new Services, and support our efforts to make our Services more efficient, relevant, and useful to you. Learn More . We may use Personal Data to generate aggregate and statistical information to understand and explain how our Services are used. Examples of how we use Personal Data to analyze, improve, and develop our products and services include: Using analytics on our Sites, including as described in our Cookie Policy, to help us understand your use of our Sites and Services and diagnose technical issues. Training artificial intelligence models to power our Services and protect against fraud and other harm. Learn more . Analyzing and drawing inferences from Transaction Data to reduce costs, fraud, and disputes and increase authentication and authorization rates for Stripe and our Business Users. Communications . We use the contact information we have about you to deliver our Services, Learn More , which may involve sending codes via SMS for your authentication. Learn More . If you are an End User, Representative, or Visitor, we may communicate with you using the contact information we have about you to provide information about our Services and our affiliates’ services, invite you to participate in our events, surveys, or user research, or otherwise communicate with you for marketing purposes, in compliance with applicable law, including any consent or opt-out requirements. For example, when you provide your contact information to us or when we collect your business contact details through participation at trade shows or other events, we may use this data to follow up with you regarding an event, provide information requested about our Services, and include you in our marketing information campaigns. Where permitted under applicable law, we may record our calls with you to provide our Services, comply with our legal obligations, perform research and quality assurance, and for training purposes. Social Media and Promotions . If you opt to submit Personal Data to engage in an offer, program, or promotion, we use the Personal Data you provide to manage the offer, program, or promotion. We also use the Personal Data you provide, along with the Personal Data you make available on social media platforms, for marketing purposes, unless we are not permitted to do so. Fraud Prevention and Security . We collect and use Personal Data to help us identify and manage activities that could be fraudulent or harmful across our Services, enable our fraud detection Business Services, and secure our Services and transactions against unauthorized access, use, alteration or misappropriation of Personal Data, information, and funds. As part of the fraud prevention, detection, security monitoring, and compliance efforts for Stripe and its Business Users, we collect information from publicly available sources, third parties (such as credit bureaus), and via the Services we offer. In some instances, we may also collect information about you directly from you, or from our Business Users, Financial Partners, and other third parties for the same purposes. Furthermore, to protect our Services, we may receive details such as IP addresses and other identifying data about potential security threats from third parties. Learn More . Such information helps us verify identities, conduct credit checks where lawfully permitted, and prevent fraud. Additionally, we might use technology to evaluate the potential risk of fraud associated with individuals seeking to procure our Business Services or arising from attempted transactions by an End Customer or End User with our Business Users or Financial Partners. Compliance with Legal Obligations . We use Personal Data to meet our contractual and legal obligations related to anti-money laundering, Know-Your-Customer ("KYC") laws, anti-terrorism activities, safeguarding vulnerable customers, export control, and prohibition of doing business with restricted persons or in certain business fields, among other legal obligations. For example, we may monitor transaction patterns and other online signals and use those insights to identify fraud, money laundering, and other harmful activity that could affect Stripe, our Financial Partners, End Users, Business Users and others. Learn More . Safety, security, and compliance for our Services are key priorities for us, and collecting and using Personal Data is crucial to this effort. Minors . Our Services are not directed to children under the age of 13, and we request that they do not provide Personal Data to seek Services directly from Stripe. In certain jurisdictions, we may impose higher age limits as required by applicable law. c. Sharing of Personal Data. Besides the sharing of Personal Data described above, we share Personal Data in the ways listed below: Stripe Affiliates . We share Personal Data with other Stripe-affiliated entities for purposes identified in this Policy. Service Providers or Processors . In order to provide, communicate, market, analyze, and advertise our Services, we depend on service providers. These providers offer critical services such as providing cloud infrastructure, conducting analytics for the assessment of the speed, accuracy, and/or security of our Services, verifying identities, identifying potentially harmful activity, and providing customer service and audit functions. We authorize these service providers to use or disclose the Personal Data we make available to them to perform services on our behalf and to comply with relevant legal obligations. We require these service providers to contractually commit to security and confidentiality obligations for the Personal Data they process on our behalf. The majority of our service providers are based in the European Union, the United States of America, and India. Learn More . Financial Partners . We share Personal Data with certain Financial Partners to provide Services to Business Users and offer certain Services in conjunction with these Financial Partners. For instance, we may share certain Personal Data, such as payment processing volume, loan repayment data, and Representative contact information, with institutional investors and lenders who purchase loan receivables or provide financing related to Stripe Capital. Learn More . Others with Consent . In some situations, we may not offer a service, but instead refer you to others (like professional service firms that we partner with to deliver the Atlas Service). In these instances, we will disclose the identity of the third party and the information to be shared with them, and seek your consent to share the information. Corporate Transactions . If we enter or intend to enter a transaction that modifies the structure of our business, such as a reorganization, merger, sale, joint venture, assignment, transfer, change of control, or other disposition of all or part of our business, assets, or stock, we may share Personal Data with third parties in connection with such transaction. Any other entity that buys us or part of our business will have the right to continue to use your Personal Data, subject to the terms of this Policy. Compliance and Harm Prevention . We share Personal Data when we believe it is necessary to comply with applicable law; to abide by rules imposed by Financial Partners in connection with the use of their payment method; to enforce our contractual rights; to secure and protect the Services, rights, privacy, safety, and property of Stripe, you, and others, including against malicious or fraudulent activity; and to respond to valid legal requests from courts, law enforcement agencies, regulatory agencies, and other public and government authorities, which may include authorities outside your country of residence. 3. Legal bases for processing Personal Data For purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other applicable data protection laws, we rely on a number of legal bases to process your Personal Data. Learn More . For some jurisdictions, there may be additional legal bases, which are outlined in the Jurisdiction-Specific Provisions section below. a. Contractual and Pre-Contractual Business Relationships . We process Personal Data to enter into business relationships with prospective Business Users and End Users and fulfill our respective contractual obligations with them. These processing activities include: Creation and management of Stripe accounts and Stripe account credentials, including the assessment of applications to initiate or expand the use of our Services; Creation and management of Stripe Checkout accounts; Accounting, auditing, and billing activities; and Processing of payments and related activities, which include fraud detection, loss prevention, transaction optimization, communications about such payments, and related customer service activities. b. Legal Compliance . We process Personal Data to verify the identities of individuals and entities to comply with obligations related to fraud monitoring, prevention, and detection, laws associated with identifying and reporting illicit and illegal activities, such as those under the Anti-Money Laundering ("AML") and Know-Your-Customer (“KYC") regulations, and financial reporting obligations. For example, we may be required to record and verify a Business User’s identity to comply with regulations designed to prevent money laundering, fraud, and financial crimes. These legal obligations may require us to report our compliance to third parties and subject ourselves to third party verification audits. c. Legitimate Interests . Where permitted under applicable law, we rely on our legitimate business interests to process your Personal Data. The following list provides an example of the business purposes for which we have a legitimate interest in processing your data: Detection, monitoring, and prevention of fraud and unauthorized payment transactions; Mitigation of financial loss, claims, liabilities or other harm to End Customers, End Users, Business Users, Financial Partners, and Stripe; Determination of eligibility for and offering new Stripe Services ( Learn More ); Response to inquiries, delivery of Service notices, and provision of customer support; Promotion, analysis, modification, and improvement of our Services, systems, and tools, as well as the development of new products and services, including enhancing the reliability of the Services; Management, operation, and improvement of the performance of our Sites and Services, through understanding their effectiveness and optimizing our digital assets; Analysis and advertisement of our Services, and related improvements; Aggregate analysis and development of business intelligence that enable us to operate, protect, make informed decisions about, and report on the performance of our business; Sharing of Personal Data with third party service providers that offer services on our behalf and business partners that help us in operating and improving our business ( Learn More) ; Enabling network and information security throughout Stripe and our Services; and Sharing of Personal Data among our affiliates. d. Consent . We may rely on consent or explicit consent to collect and process Personal Data regarding our interactions with you and the provision of our Services such as Link, Financial Connections, Atlas, and Identity. When we process your Personal Data based on your consent, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time, and such a withdrawal will not impact the legality of processing performed based on the consent prior to its withdrawal. e. Substantial Public Interest . We may process special categories of Personal Data, as defined by the GDPR, when such processing is necessary for reasons of substantial public interest and consistent with applicable law, such as when we conduct politically-exposed person checks. We may also process Personal Data related to criminal convictions and offenses when such processing is authorized by applicable law, such as when we conduct sanctions screening to comply with AML and KYC obligations. f. Other valid legal bases . We may process Personal Data further to other valid legal bases as recognized under applicable law in specific jurisdictions. See the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section below for more information. 4. Your rights and choices Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have choices regarding our collection, use, and disclosure of your Personal Data: a. Opting out of receiving electronic communications from us If you wish to stop receiving marketing-related emails from us, you can opt-out by clicking the unsubscribe link included in such emails or as described here . We'll try to process your request(s) as quickly as reasonably practicable. However, it's important to note that even if you opt out of receiving marketing-related emails from us, we retain the right to communicate with you about the Services you receive (like support and important legal notices) and our Business Users might still send you messages or instruct us to send you messages on their behalf. b. Your data protection rights Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have the following rights regarding the Personal Data we process about you as a data controller: The right to request confirmation of whether Stripe is processing Personal Data associated with you, the categories of personal data it has processed, and the third parties or categories of third parties with which your Personal Data is shared; The right to request access to the Personal Data Stripe processes about you ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe rectify or update your Personal Data if it's inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated; The right to request that Stripe erase your Personal Data in certain circumstances as provided by law ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe restrict the use of your Personal Data in certain circumstances, such as while Stripe is considering another request you've submitted (for instance, a request that Stripe update your Personal Data); The right to request that we export the Personal Data we hold about you to another company, provided it's technically feasible; The right to withdraw your consent if your Personal Data is being processed based on your previous consent; The right to object to the processing of your Personal Data if we are processing your data based on our legitimate interests; unless there are compelling legitimate grounds or the processing is necessary for legal reasons, we will cease processing your Personal Data upon receiving your objection ( Learn More ); The right not to be discriminated against for exercising these rights; and The right to appeal any decision by Stripe relating to your rights by contacting Stripe’s Data Protection Officer (“DPO”) at dpo@stripe.com , and/or relevant regulatory agencies. You may have additional rights, depending on applicable law, over your Personal Data. For example, see the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section under United States below. c. Process for exercising your data protection rights To exercise your data protection rights related to Personal Data we process as a data controller, visit our Privacy Center or contact us as outlined below. For Personal Data we process as a data processor, please reach out to the relevant data controller (Business User) to exercise your rights. If you contact us regarding your Personal Data we process as a data processor, we will refer you to the relevant data controller to the extent we are able to identify them. 5. Security and Retention We make reasonable efforts to provide a level of security appropriate to the risk associated with the processing of your Personal Data. We maintain organizational, technical, and administrative measures designed to protect the Personal Data covered by this Policy from unauthorized access, destruction, loss, alteration, or misuse. Learn More . Unfortunately, no data transmission or storage system can be guaranteed to be 100% secure. We encourage you to assist us in protecting your Personal Data. If you hold a Stripe account, you can do so by using a strong password, safeguarding your password against unauthorized use, and avoiding using identical login credentials you use for other services or accounts for your Stripe account. If you suspect that your interaction with us is no longer secure (for instance, you believe that your Stripe account's security has been compromised), please contact us immediately. We retain your Personal Data for as long as we continue to provide the Services to you or our Business Users, or for a period in which we reasonably foresee continuing to provide the Services. Even after we stop providing Services directly to you or to a Business User that you're doing business with, and even after you close your Stripe account or complete a transaction with a Business User, we may continue to retain your Personal Data to: Comply with our legal and regulatory obligations; Enable fraud monitoring, detection, and prevention activities; and Comply with our tax, accounting, and financial reporting obligations, including when such retention is required by our contractual agreements with our Financial Partners (and where data retention is mandated by the payment methods you've used). In cases where we keep your Personal Data, we do so in accordance with any limitation periods and record retention obligations imposed by applicable law. Learn More . 6. International Data Transfers As a global business, it's sometimes necessary for us to transfer your Personal Data to countries other than your own, including the United States. These countries might have data protection regulations that are different from those in your country. When transferring data across borders, we take measures to comply with applicable data protection laws related to such transfer. In certain situations, we may be required to disclose Personal Data in response to lawful requests from officials, such as law enforcement or security authorities. Learn More . If you are located in the European Economic Area (“EEA”), the United Kingdom ("UK"), or Switzerland, please refer to our Privacy Center for additional details. When a data transfer mechanism is mandated by applicable law, we employ one or more of the following: Transfers to certain countries or recipients that are recognized as having an adequate level of protection for Personal Data under applicable law. EU Standard Contractual Cl | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dev.to/podcasts/new | Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Sign in or create your account wth a one‑time email code The code works even if you registered using third party authentication in the past — as long as you use the same email . By signing up, you are agreeing to our privacy policy , terms of use and code of conduct . Already have a code? More ways to create your account More ways to sign in 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dev.to/axonixtools/i-built-97-free-online-tools-and-games-while-learning-to-ship-consistently-2g7d | I Built 97 Free Online Tools (and Games) While Learning to Ship Consistently - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Axonix Tools Posted on Jan 12 I Built 97 Free Online Tools (and Games) While Learning to Ship Consistently # learning # productivity # showdev # webdev When I started building small web utilities, I never planned to create a large platform. I just wanted to solve simple problems that annoyed me during daily work. One small tool turned into several. Several slowly turned into many. Today, that experiment has grown into 97 free online tools, including browser-based games , all available under one project. Why I Focused on Small Tools Instead of One Big Product Big ideas sound exciting, but they also come with pressure and long timelines. Small tools, on the other hand, are easier to start and easier to finish. Each tool had: a clear purpose a limited scope a short build time Some tools took hours. Some took a single evening. What mattered most was finishing and publishing them. What Kind of Tools and Games I Built The tools fall into a few simple categories. Utility Tools Password generators Text and string converters JSON, Base64, and URL formatters Image compression and conversion tools Calculators and validators Browser-Based Games Small logic and puzzle games Memory games Classic mini-games built for learning and fun Everything runs directly in the browser with no signups and no downloads. You can explore the full collection here: https://axonixtools.com Technical Choices That Made This Possible I avoided complicated stacks whenever possible. Most tools use: lightweight JavaScript minimal dependencies simple and fast user interfaces The goal was never perfection. The goal was speed, clarity, and reliability. Boring technology turned out to be the best decision. What I Learned from Shipping 97 Tools Consistency Beats Motivation There were days when I didn’t feel like building anything. Instead of stopping, I worked on something small. Even: fixing a bug improving UI adding a minor feature counts as progress. Not Every Tool Needs to Be a Hit Some tools get traffic. Some don’t. That’s fine. Each tool is an experiment, and experiments don’t need to succeed to be valuable. SEO and Traffic (An Honest Take) I didn’t chase trends or viral keywords. Each page focuses on: one clear problem one clear solution Over time, some tools started ranking naturally through long-tail searches. Slow growth turned out to be more stable than chasing quick wins. Advice for Developers Building Side Projects If you’re thinking about starting something similar: Don’t wait for the perfect idea Build something useful, not impressive Ship fast and iterate later Let usage guide your improvements Keep everything simple You don’t need a big launch to make progress. What’s Next I’m still building, learning, and refining the platform. Axonix Tools started as practice and slowly became a growing collection of 97 tools and games . I plan to continue expanding it while keeping everything fast, free, and simple. If you’re curious, you can check it out here: https://axonixtools.com If you’re working on your own side project, feel free to share it. I enjoy reading how others approach building and shipping. Thanks for reading. Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Bhavin Sheth Bhavin Sheth Bhavin Sheth Follow Founder of AllInOneTools. Building privacy-first, browser-based tools with no sign-up, no tracking, and simple UX for daily tasks. Location Modasa, Gujarat, India Pronouns he/him Work Founder & Builder at AllInOneTools Joined Jan 9, 2026 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This really resonates. I’ve had a very similar experience building small, browser-based tools — once you remove signups and friction, usage patterns become very clear. Most users come for one specific task, get it done fast, and leave happy. Shipping many small, focused tools feels underrated compared to chasing one “big” product, but the learning compounds quickly. Curious — did you notice a few tools getting most of the repeat usage, or did it stay fairly distributed? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Axonix Tools Follow Professional, free, and privacy-focused web tools for developers, designers, and daily productivity. Joined Jan 12, 2026 Trending on DEV Community Hot What was your win this week??? # weeklyretro # discuss I Didn’t “Become” a Senior Developer. I Accumulated Damage. # programming # ai # career # discuss Stop Overengineering: How to Write Clean Code That Actually Ships 🚀 # discuss # javascript # programming # webdev 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks?diffs=1&show_att=1&action=rss_rc&unique=0&page=PythonBooks&ddiffs=1 | PythonBooks - Python Wiki Search: PythonBooks PythonBooks FrontPage RecentChanges FindPage HelpContents PythonBooks Page Immutable Page Comments Info Attachments More Actions: Raw Text Print View Delete Cache ------------------------ Check Spelling Like Pages Local Site Map ------------------------ Rename Page Delete Page ------------------------ ------------------------ Remove Spam Revert to this revision ------------------------ SlideShow User Login There are a variety of books about Python. Here's a guide to them: IntroductoryBooks (gentle overviews of the language) AdvancedBooks (for when you don't want gentle) ReferenceBooks (much information in a small space) Specific applications: GameProgrammingBooks NetworkProgrammingBooks GuiBooks JythonBooks ScientificProgrammingBooks SystemAdministrationBooks WebProgrammingBooks WindowsBooks XmlBooks ZopeBooks Books in languages other than English: UkrainianPythonBooks DutchPythonBooks FrenchPythonBooks GermanPythonBooks GreekPythonBooks HungarianPythonBooks JapanesePythonBooks KoreanPythonBooks RussianPythonBooks PersianPythonBooks PolishPythonBooks PortuguesePythonBooks ArabicPythonBooks SpanishPythonBooks When you see a book you like, don't hesitate to add your recommendation! There's also a Courses page, filled with links to video courses. External sources of information about (Python) books: PythonBooks.org - A collection of Python books featuring popularity based ranking. 101+ Free Python Books - You don't have to pay money to read great Python books. Many are free! Python Kindle & Paperback Collection - A good collection of Kindle and Paperback books on Python 3, Django, Flask, FastAPI, and Scientific Computing ( NumPy , SciPy , and Pandas) There is also a list of OutOfPrintBooks . PythonBooks (last edited 2025-06-12 13:27:03 by MatsWichmann ) MoinMoin Powered Python Powered GPL licensed Valid HTML 4.01 Unable to edit the page? See the FrontPage for instructions. | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://x.com/privacy#chapter5 | X Privacy Policy Skip to main content Privacy Policy <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Privacy Policy" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="1BJ8" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link=" https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/privacy-policy-2025-07-28/en/x-privacy-policy-2025-07-28.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> X Privacy Policy We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. This version of the Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Privacy Policy continues to apply. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a Professional Account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job applications / recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about you and/or your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad partners, developers, and publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other third parties, account connections, and integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personalize our products and services so that you have a better experience on X, including by showing you more relevant content and ads, suggesting people and topics to follow, enabling and helping you discover affiliates , third-party apps, and services. We may use the information we collect and publicly available information to help train our machine learning or artificial intelligence models for the purposes outlined in this policy. We may use the information we collect from accounts of other services that you choose to connect to your X account to provide you features like cross-posting or cross-service authentication, and to operate our services. We use your contact information to help others find your account if your settings permit, including through third-party services and client applications. We use your information to provide our advertising and sponsored content services subject to your settings , which helps make ads on X more relevant to you. We also use this information to measure the effectiveness of ads and to help recognize your devices to serve you ads on and off of X. Some of our ad partners also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you, as described elsewhere in our Privacy Policy. 2.2 Foster safety and security. We use information we collect to provide for the safety and security of our users, our products, services, and your account. This includes verifying your identity, authenticating your account, estimating or verifying your age as may be required under law, and defending against fraud, unauthorized use, and illegal activity. We also use the information to evaluate and affect the safety and quality of content on X - this includes investigating and enforcing our policies and terms, as well as applicable law. 2.3 Measure, analyze and make our services better. We use the information we collect to measure and analyze the effectiveness of our products and services and to better understand how you use them in order to make them better. 2.4 Communicate with you about our services. We use the information we collect to communicate with you about our products and services, including about product updates and changes to our policies and terms. If you’re open to hearing from us, we may also send you marketing messages from time to time. 2.5 Research. We use information you share with us, or that we collect to conduct research, surveys, product testing, and troubleshooting to help us operate and improve our products and services. 3. Sharing Information You should know the ways we share your information, why we share it, and how you can control it. There are five general ways we share your information. 3.1 When you post and share. With the general public . You are directing us to disclose that information as broadly as possible. X content, including your profile information (e.g., name/pseudonym, username, profile pictures), is available for viewing by the general public. The public does not need to be signed in to view some content on X. They may also find X content off of X: for example, from search query results on Internet search engines or videos downloaded and reshared elsewhere (depending on your settings ). With other X users. Depending on your settings , and based on the X products and services you use, we share: Your interactions with X content of other users, such as replies, and people you follow. Content you send to a specific X user, such as through Direct Messages . Please keep in mind that if you’ve shared information like Direct Messages or protected posts with someone else who accesses X through a third-party service, the information may be shared with the third-party service. With partners. Depending on your settings , we also provide certain third parties with information to help us offer or operate our products and services. You can learn more about these partnerships in our Help Center . You can control whether X shares your personal information with these partners by using the “Data sharing with business partners” option in your Privacy and Safety settings . (This setting does not control sharing described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy, such as when we share information with our service providers, or through partnerships other than as described in this Help Center article.) 3.2 With third parties and third-party integrations. With service providers. We may share your information with our service providers that perform functions and provide services on our behalf, including payment services providers who facilitate payments; service providers that host our various blogs and wikis; service providers that help us understand the use of our services; applicant tracking system providers to send and receive applicant and job data to potential employers; service providers supporting age assurance solutions; and those that provide fraud detection services. With advertisers. Advertising revenue enables us to provide our products and services. Advertisers may learn information from your engagement with their ads on or off X. For example, if you click on an external link or ad on our services, that advertiser or website operator might figure out that you came from X, along with other information associated with the ad you clicked, such as characteristics of the audience it was intended to reach and other X-generated identifiers for that ad. They may also collect other personal information from you, such as cookie identifiers, or your IP address. Third-party content and integrations. We share or disclose your information with your consent or at your direction, such as when you authorize a third-party web client or application to access your account or when you direct us to share your feedback with a business. Similarly, to improve your experience, we work with third-party partners to display their video content on X or to allow cross-platform sharing. When you watch or otherwise interact with content from our video or cross-platform sharing partners, they may receive and process your personal information as described in their privacy policies. For video content, you can adjust your autoplay settings if you prefer that content not to play automatically. Third-party collaborators. Depending on your settings , or if you decide to share your data, we may share or disclose your information with third parties. If you do not opt out, in some instances the recipients of the information may use it for their own independent purposes in addition to those stated in X’s Privacy Policy, including, for example, to train their artificial intelligence models, whether generative or otherwise. Through our APIs. We use technology like APIs and embeds to make public X information available to websites, apps, and others for their use, for example, displaying posts on a news website or analyzing what people say on X. We generally make this content available in limited quantities for free and charge licensing fees for large-scale access. We have standard terms that govern how this information can be used, and a compliance program to enforce these terms. But these individuals and companies are not affiliated with X, and their offerings may not reflect updates you make on X. For more information about how we make public data on X available to the world, visit https://developer.x.com . 3.3 When required by law, to prevent harm, or in the public interest. We may preserve, use, share, or disclose your information if we believe that it is reasonably necessary to: comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request ; protect the safety of any person, protect the safety or integrity of our platform, including to help prevent spam, abuse, or malicious actors on our services; explain why we have removed content or accounts from our services (e.g., for a violation of our Rules ); address fraud, security, or technical issues; or protect our rights or property, or the rights or property of those who use our services. We may also use different signals and your data to infer, preserve, use, share, or disclose your age and identity information in order to comply with regulatory requirements as well as for safety, security, fraud, know-your-customer, know-your-business, and identity verification, as the case may be. We may also share or disclose your age and identity information with our partners, service providers, and others for these purposes. 3.4 With our affiliates. We may share information amongst our affiliates to provide our products and services. 3.5 As a result of a change in ownership. We may share, sell, or transfer information about you in connection with a merger, acquisition, reorganization, sale of assets, or bankruptcy. This Privacy Policy will apply to your personal information that is shared with (before and after the close of any transaction) or transferred to the new entity. 4. How Long We Keep Information We keep different types of information for different periods of time, depending on how long we need to retain it in order to provide you with our products and services, to comply with our legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: We keep your profile information, such as your display name, user name, password and email address for the duration of your account. We cannot provide you with our products and services without retaining this information. We keep your usage information, such as the content you post, your interactions with other users’ content and how you interact with others on the platform for the duration of your account or until such content is removed. We keep your payment information, including your credit or debit card number and billing address for the duration you use our paid products and services. Records of transactions will be kept for longer, in accordance with applicable law. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will keep information about the communication and its content for up to 18 months, unless it is necessary for us to retain it for a longer period to comply with our legal obligations or to exercise or defend our legal rights. We generally collect device information, location information, inferred identity information and log information using cookies. We keep cookies and information collected using cookies for up to 13 months. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . We keep information about your views or interactions with ads on or off X, as well as how you interact with our content on third-party sites for up to 12 months. We keep information shared by ad and business partners for up to 12 months. Where you violate our Rules and your account is suspended, we may keep the identifiers you used to create the account (such as your email address or phone number) indefinitely to prevent repeat policy offenders from creating new accounts. We may need to keep certain information longer than our policies specify in order to comply with legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: To comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request. Including in order to adhere to a legally appropriate preservation request made by law enforcement. You can read more about law enforcement access here . In connection with legal claims, litigation, and regulatory matters. Including where it is reasonably necessary to retain information relating to your account in order to defend X against legal claims. To maintain the safety and security of our products and services. Including where it is necessary to store your information longer in order to investigate and fight abuse on our products and services. Remember public content can exist elsewhere even after it is removed from X. For example, search engines and other third parties may retain copies of your posts longer, based upon their own privacy policies, even after they are deleted or expire on X. You can read more about search visibility here . 5. Take Control 5.1 Access, correction, and portability. You can access, correct, or modify the information you provided to us by editing your profile and adjusting your account settings . You can learn more about the information we have collected or inferred about you in Your X Data and request access to additional information here . You can download a copy of your information, such as your posts, by following the instructions here . To protect your privacy and maintain security, we take steps to verify your identity before granting you access to your personal information or complying with a deletion, portability, or other related request. We may, in certain situations, reject your request for access, correction, or portability, for example, we may reject access where you are unable to verify your identity. 5.2 Deleting your information. If you follow the instructions here , your account will be deactivated and your data will be queued for deletion. When deactivated, your X account, including your display name, username, and public profile, will no longer be viewable on X.com, X for iOS, and X for Android. For up to 30 days after deactivation it is still possible to restore your X account if it was accidentally or wrongfully deactivated. 5.3 Objecting to, restricting, or withdrawing your consent. You can manage your privacy settings and other account features here . If you change your settings it may take some time for your choices to be fully reflected throughout our systems. You may also notice changes in your X experience or limitations in your ability to access certain features depending on the settings you’ve adjusted. You may also manage additional settings when interacting with certain content and features on different parts of the platform, such as whether a Space is recorded, or whether videos you upload are downloadable by others. 5.4 Authorized agent requests. To submit a request related to access, modification, or deletion of your information, or someone else’s information if you are their authorized agent, you may also contact us as specified in the How To Contact X section of our Privacy Policy below. We may require you to provide additional information for verification. 6. Your Rights And Ours We provide X to people all over the world and provide many of the same privacy tools and controls to all of our users regardless of where they live. However, your experience may be slightly different than users in other countries to ensure X respects local requirements. 6.1 We have specific legal bases to use your information. X has carefully considered the legal reasons it is permitted to collect, use, share and otherwise process your information. If you want to dig in to learn more and better understand the nuances, we’d encourage you to check out this additional information about data processing . And no, we don’t sell your personal information. 6.2 We move your data to make X work for you. Just as you use X to seamlessly participate in global conversations with people in countries all over the world, X must move information across borders and to different countries around the world to support the safe and reliable service you depend on. For example, if you live in Europe and are having a conversation with someone in the United States, information has to move between those countries to provide that experience – it’s what you expect from us. We also use data centers and cloud providers, and engage our affiliates and third-party partners and service providers located in many parts of the world to help us provide our services. Before we move data between countries we look at the risks that may be presented to the data and rely on standard contractual clauses (SCCs), where applicable, to ensure your data rights are protected. To request a copy of the SCCs, please contact us here . If data will be shared with a third party, we require them to maintain the same protections over your data that we provide directly. X is a participant in the EU-US Data Privacy Framework (DPF), the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF. X complies with the DPF Principles for all its processing of personal data received from the European Union, Switzerland and the UK, in reliance on the EU-US DPF, Swiss-US DPF and UK Extension to the EU-US DPF, respectively. If you have an inquiry or complaint related to our participation in the DPF, please contact us here . As part of our participation in the DPF, if you have a dispute with us about our adherence to the DPF Principles, we will seek to resolve it through our internal complaint resolution process, alternatively through the US-based independent dispute resolution body JAMS , and under certain conditions, through the DPF Arbitration Process following the procedures and subject to the conditions described in Annex 1 to the DPF Principles. DPF participants are subject to the investigatory and enforcement powers of the US Federal Trade Commission and other authorized statutory bodies. Under certain circumstances, participants may be liable for the transfer of personal data from the EU, Switzerland and the UK to third parties outside the EU, Switzerland and the UK. Learn more about the EU-US DPF, the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF here . 7. X's Audience Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. 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Effective: January 15, 2026 View previous policies Take control of your privacy Adjust your settings X Privacy Policy Effective until January 15, 2026 We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. The updated Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. The current Privacy Policy is located below. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. 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Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal Accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). 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We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad Partners, Developers, Publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other Third Parties, Account Connections, and Integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # electronics Follow Hide Create Post Older #electronics posts 1 2 3 4 5 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu EMI/EMC Pre-Compliance: How to Catch Failures Before Sending Products to the Lab RevineTech RevineTech RevineTech Follow Dec 9 '25 EMI/EMC Pre-Compliance: How to Catch Failures Before Sending Products to the Lab # hardware # electronics # spectrumanalyzers Comments Add Comment 4 min read Stripboard Savior: AI Automates Your Circuit Layouts Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Dec 6 '25 Stripboard Savior: AI Automates Your Circuit Layouts # electronics # ai # logicprogramming # hardware Comments Add Comment 2 min read Stripboard Nirvana: Automated Circuit Layout with Logic Power Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Dec 5 '25 Stripboard Nirvana: Automated Circuit Layout with Logic Power # electronics # programming # hardware # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read AI-Powered Chip Design: Predict Performance Before Layout with "Parasitic Gate" Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Dec 1 '25 AI-Powered Chip Design: Predict Performance Before Layout with "Parasitic Gate" # machinelearning # hardware # ai # electronics 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Escape Stripboard Hell: AI-Powered Circuit Layout is Here! Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Dec 6 '25 Escape Stripboard Hell: AI-Powered Circuit Layout is Here! # electronics # ai # automation # programming Comments Add Comment 2 min read How Electronic Circuits Actually Work — From Electrons to Modern Computing Cristian Sifuentes Cristian Sifuentes Cristian Sifuentes Follow Jan 2 How Electronic Circuits Actually Work — From Electrons to Modern Computing # softwareengineering # electronics # computerscience # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read What I Learned After 8 Days of Living Inside a Digital Twin Vishwa anuj Vishwa anuj Vishwa anuj Follow Oct 27 '25 What I Learned After 8 Days of Living Inside a Digital Twin # hardware # iot # ai # electronics 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building Unified Companion Apps for Diverse Consumer Devices Developex Developex Developex Follow Oct 20 '25 Building Unified Companion Apps for Diverse Consumer Devices # mobile # electronics Comments Add Comment 11 min read The Hidden Costs of Firmware Bugs – and How to Avoid Them Developex Developex Developex Follow Oct 20 '25 The Hidden Costs of Firmware Bugs – and How to Avoid Them # firmware # development # electronics Comments Add Comment 11 min read Interfacing 2.4" SSD1309 SPI OLED Display With ESP8266 İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Oct 10 '25 Interfacing 2.4" SSD1309 SPI OLED Display With ESP8266 # iot # programming # electronics # esp8266 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Advances in Radio Engineering: Insights from Dr. Alexey Bashkirov, PhD Alexey Bashkirov Alexey Bashkirov Alexey Bashkirov Follow Sep 18 '25 Advances in Radio Engineering: Insights from Dr. Alexey Bashkirov, PhD # radioengineering # electronics # research # alexeybashkirov Comments Add Comment 1 min read Configuring ESP8266 Wi-Fi Network Connection Through A Web Page İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Oct 9 '25 Configuring ESP8266 Wi-Fi Network Connection Through A Web Page # iot # esp8266 # electronics # programming 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read The Hidden Tech Revolution in Your Kitchen Ibsen Giovanni Ibsen Giovanni Ibsen Giovanni Follow Aug 16 '25 The Hidden Tech Revolution in Your Kitchen # ai # iot # electronics # kitchen Comments Add Comment 7 min read The Day I Realized Computer Science Is Just Controlled Electricity MD Fakhruddin MD Fakhruddin MD Fakhruddin Follow Aug 6 '25 The Day I Realized Computer Science Is Just Controlled Electricity # computerscience # electronics # beginners Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to Effectively Manage Software Development for Consumer Electronics Developex Developex Developex Follow Jul 22 '25 How to Effectively Manage Software Development for Consumer Electronics # electronics # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 8 min read My Second Round Interview Experience at Flextronics SEENUVASAN P SEENUVASAN P SEENUVASAN P Follow Aug 12 '25 My Second Round Interview Experience at Flextronics # flex # interview # electronics 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Debugging a Washed-Out TFT Display: A Real-World RGB Interface Mismatch Lynn Lynn Lynn Follow Jul 8 '25 Debugging a Washed-Out TFT Display: A Real-World RGB Interface Mismatch # hardware # tft # electronics Comments Add Comment 1 min read My Wonderful Experience at the Flex Interview SEENUVASAN P SEENUVASAN P SEENUVASAN P Follow Aug 1 '25 My Wonderful Experience at the Flex Interview # flex # interview # electronics 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read 1N5817 Schottky Diode: Datasheet, Pinout, Equivalent zheng zheng zheng Follow Jun 17 '25 1N5817 Schottky Diode: Datasheet, Pinout, Equivalent # 1n5817 # electronics Comments Add Comment 3 min read L7805CV Voltage Regulator: Pinout, Equivalent, Circuits zheng zheng zheng Follow Jun 16 '25 L7805CV Voltage Regulator: Pinout, Equivalent, Circuits # l7805cv # electronics Comments Add Comment 2 min read LM317 Voltage Regulator: Pinout, Equivalent, Circuits zheng zheng zheng Follow Jun 16 '25 LM317 Voltage Regulator: Pinout, Equivalent, Circuits # lm317 # electronics Comments Add Comment 3 min read Easy Water Level Indicator You Can Build – No Microcontroller Needed David Thomas David Thomas David Thomas Follow Jun 30 '25 Easy Water Level Indicator You Can Build – No Microcontroller Needed # diy # alarm # electronics # buzzer Comments Add Comment 2 min read How PyStim Connects Python and SystemVerilog for RTL Design Verification An K An K An K Follow Apr 30 '25 How PyStim Connects Python and SystemVerilog for RTL Design Verification # hardware # python # electronics # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read 74HC595 Shift Register with Arduino UNO Akshay Jain Akshay Jain Akshay Jain Follow May 12 '25 74HC595 Shift Register with Arduino UNO # programming # arduino # electronics 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Smart Tips for Sourcing Your Electronic Components Start Electronics Start Electronics Start Electronics Follow Apr 17 '25 Smart Tips for Sourcing Your Electronic Components # electronics # hardware # tutorial # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... trending guides/resources Stripboard Nirvana: Automated Circuit Layout with Logic Power AI-Powered Chip Design: Predict Performance Before Layout with "Parasitic Gate" Stripboard Savior: AI Automates Your Circuit Layouts Escape Stripboard Hell: AI-Powered Circuit Layout is Here! 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https://www.oshwa.org/resources/a-resolution-to-redefine-spi-signal-names | A Resolution to Redefine SPI Signal Names | OSHWA menu menu chevron_left home About Team Programs Community Membership Events OSHW 101 Documents and Policies Resources Announcements English A Resolution to Redefine SPI Signal Names We, the undersigned, encourage educators, engineers, designers, and community members to discontinue the use of the terms MOSI/MISO/SS and in their place use SDO/SDI/CS. Resolved New signal names: SDO – Serial Data Out. An output signal on a device where data is sent out to another SPI device. SDI – Serial Data In. An input signal on a device where data is received from another SPI device. CS – Chip Select. Activated by the controller to initiate communication with a given peripheral. PICO (peripheral in/controller out). For devices that can be either a controller or a peripheral; the signal on which the device sends output when acting as the controller, and receives input when acting as the peripheral. POCI (peripheral out/controller in). For devices that can be either a controller or a peripheral; the signal on which the device receives input when acting as the controller, and sends output when acting as the peripheral. SDIO – Serial Data In/Out. A bi-directional serial signal. Deprecated signal names: MOSI – Master Out Slave In MISO – Master In Slave Out SS – Slave Select MOMI – Master Out Master In SOSI – Slave Out Slave In Signal names unchanged: SCK – Serial Clock. The clock for the bus generated by the controller. Designers should avoid signal names MOSI/MISO and instead use SDO/SDI. The SDI signal is defined by the perspective of the device. For example, the SDI signal on a sensor is the pin that receives data from the controller. Similarly, the SDO pin on a controller is the output pin that sends data to a peripheral. It is best practice to use SDO/SDI and Controller/Peripheral. Change the way you write tutorials, create schematics, and diagrams. This is the best way to educate the next generation of users and engineers. SDO/SDI and Controller/Peripheral Source | This image licensed as CC0 – Public Domain Why are we changing from MOSI/MISO/SS to SDO/SIO/CS? The electronics industry in particular has been [using Master and Slave terminology unabashedly]( https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/06/12/tech-industry-has-an-ugly-master-slave-problem/ ) and it needs to stop. It’s unfortunate and embarrassing that our community has gone this long without acknowledging the need to treat all humans with respect. Thankfully, the industry is already making this shift. While many microcontroller and processor manufacturers lag behind, the SDO/SDI terminology is already widely adopted by peripheral manufacturers. What about pre-existing documentation, datasheets, tutorials? Existing documentation should be updated where possible. Prioritize the most popular and foundational content. Where content modification is not possible, add a banner to the impacted sections: Note: The following use of MOSI/MISO terminology is considered obsolete. SDO/SDI is now used. The MOSI signal on a controller can be replaced with the title ‘SDO’. The connecting net can be replaced with ‘CONTROLLER_SDO’. Master and Slave are now Controller and Peripheral. Additional information can be found [here](). Should I continue to include MOSI and MISO in my curriculum or tutorials? Consider teaching the origins of Master and Slave terminology and why we don’t use it anymore. Industries and business can be wrong; let’s celebrate the ability to change and improve over time. What about devices that can act as either controller or peripheral? Some devices support the ability to act both as a controller or as a peripheral. In the scenario where the signal direction changes based on the role, the signals should be named PICO (peripheral in/controller out) and POCI (peripheral out/controller in). So, for example, if a microcontroller was acting as the controller, talking to a sensor (peripheral), you would connect the PICO pin of the microcontroller to the SDI pin of the sensor, and the POCI pin of the microcontroller to the SDO pin of the sensor. The microcontroller (acting as controller) would output data on the PICO (peripheral in/controller out) pin to be read by the sensor’s SDI (serial data in) pin, and the sensor would output data on its SDO pin to be read by the microcontroller’s POCI pin. Best Practices For New and Revised Works: Schematics: Change pins on devices from MOSI/MISO to the appropriate SDO/SDI and CS where needed. Use net and signal names that avoid the use of MOSI/MISO. Ie, ‘CONTROLLER_SDO’ or equivalent to replace ‘CONTROLLER_MOSI’. Hardware: Use SDO/SDI silkscreen labels. Note that the ‘SDO’ label is relative to the PCB or device as an output the same way ‘TX’ should be an output from the PCB or device. Software / Firmware: Add new function names using the new terminology. Maintaining reverse compatibility with deprecated names is allowed. Datasheets / Documentation: Use SDO/SDI pin and signal names where possible. Avoid master and slave terminology and use terms ‘controller/peripheral’ or the term that best suits the application. What about other uses of master/slave terminology? There’s a lot of work to be done! This resolution focuses on the small changes we can make to improve SPI terminology. We will be releasing more guidance resolutions soon. We recommend these relevant articles for more information about other protocols. Wikipedia Master/Slave Terminology Concerns There’s an industry that talks daily about ‘masters’ and ‘slaves.’ It needs to stop. OpenZFS removed offensive terminology from its code Endorsements Individuals and companies are welcome, and encouraged, to email info@oshwa.org to be added to the redefining SPI endorsement lists below. Individual Endorsements Abram Connelly Adam Benzion (Edge Impulse) Alethea Flowers (Winterbloom) Alicia Gibb (OSHWA) Aloba Olalekann Andreas G. Andreou (Johns Hopkins University) Andrew Quitmeyer A.M. Rowsell (Tindie Blog) Azubuine Cyril Caleb Eastman Christian Lilienthal Cyril Azubuine Prof. David Harris, Harvey Mudd College Drew Fustini Edna Jonsson (Todda Industries) Ethan Och Glenn Samala (SparkFun Electronics) Jana Marie Hemsing Jason Prince (Umorpha Systems) James “Laen” Neal (OSH Park) Jason Huggins (Tapster Robotics) Jason Kridner Jeff Sheldon Jeffrey Yoo Warren Jilles Groenendijk Joe McManus Joe Steinmeyer Joel Murphy (Pulse Sensor) Joseph Fitzpatrick Joshua Lifton (Crowd Supply) Katherine Scott Harris Kenny (Intro) Hernan Monserrat Hilary Mason Matthew Howlett Matthias Tarasiewicz (RIAT Institute) Michael Ossmann (Great Scott Gadgets) Michael Shiloh Michael Weinberg Mike Fikes (Vouch) Nadya Peek Nathan Seidle (SparkFun Electronics) Neil Hendin (Google ChromeOS HW Group) Patrice Nadeau Paul Clark Piers Hawksley Pranav Ananthan Preston Raab Rhys Doud Roland Wilhelm, Purdue University Ron Evans (The Hybrid Group) Shah Selbe Shawn Hymel (Hello Blink Show) Srinivas Chandupatla (BITS Pilani) Tangus Koech (Vice Chairman, IEEE) Tao Wang (CEO – Chengyi Semiconductors) Vijay Pradeep Wendy Seltzer Business Endorsements Chengyi Semiconductors Great Scott Gadgets Hidden Door Markforged Inc. 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This Privacy Policy (“Policy”) describes the Personal Data that we collect, how we use and share it, and details on how you can reach us with privacy-related inquiries. The Policy also outlines your rights and choices as a data subject, including the right to object to certain uses of your Personal Data. Depending on the activity, Stripe assumes the role of a “data controller” and/or “data processor” (or “service provider”). For more details about our privacy practices, including our role, the specific Stripe entity responsible under this Policy, and our legal bases for processing your Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . Defined Terms In this Policy, “Stripe”, “we”, “our,” or “us” refers to the Stripe entity responsible for the collection, use, and handling of Personal Data as described in this document. Depending on your jurisdiction, the specific Stripe entity accountable for your Personal Data might vary. Learn More . “Personal Data” refers to any information associated with an identified or identifiable individual, which can include data that you provide to us, and that we collect about you during your interaction with our Services (such as device information, IP address, etc.). “Services” refers to the products, services, devices, and applications, that we provide under the Stripe Services Agreement (“Business Services”) or the Stripe Consumer Terms of Service (“End User Services”); websites (“Sites”) like Stripe.com and Link.com; and other Stripe applications and online services. We provide Business Services to entities (“Business Users”). We provide End User Services directly to individuals for their personal use. “Financial Partners” are financial institutions, banks, and other partners such as payment method acquirers, payout providers, and card networks that we partner with to provide the Services. Depending on the context, “you” might be an End Customer, End User, Representative, or Visitor: End Users. When you use an End User Service, such as saving a payment method with Link, for personal use we refer to you as an “End User.” End Customers. When you are not directly transacting with Stripe, but we receive your Personal Data to provide Services to a Business User, including when you make a purchase from a Business User on a Stripe Checkout page or receive payments from a Business User, we refer to you as an “End Customer.” Representatives. When you are acting on behalf of an existing or potential Business User—perhaps as a company founder, account administrator for a Business User, or a recipient of an employee credit card from a Business User via Stripe Issuing—we refer to you as a “Representative.” Visitors. When you interact with Stripe by visiting a Site without being logged into a Stripe account, or when your interaction with Stripe does not involve you being an End User, End Customer, or Representative, we refer to you as a “Visitor.” For example, you are a Visitor when you send a message to Stripe asking for more information about our Services. In this Policy, “Transaction Data” refers to data collected and used by Stripe to facilitate transactions you request. Some Transaction Data is Personal Data and may include: your name, email address, contact number, billing and shipping address, payment method information (like credit or debit card number, bank account details, or payment card image chosen by you), merchant and location details, amount and date of purchase, and in some instances, information about what was purchased. 1. Personal Data that we collect and how we use and share it 2. More ways we collect, use and share Personal Data 3. Legal bases for processing data 4. Your rights and choices 5. Security and retention 6. International data transfers 7. Updates and notifications 8. Jurisdiction-specific provisions 9. Contact us 10. US Consumer Privacy Notice 1. Personal Data we collect and how we use and share it Our collection and use of Personal Data differs based on whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, and the specific Service that you are using. For example, if you're a sole proprietor who wants to use our Business Services, we may collect your Personal Data to onboard your business; at the same time, you might also be an End Customer if you've bought goods from another Business User that is using our Services for payment processing. You could also be an End User if you used our End User Service, such as Link, for those transactions. 1.1 End Users We provide End User Services when we provide the Services directly to you for your personal use (e.g., Link). Additional details regarding our collection, usage, and sharing of End User Personal Data, including the legal bases we rely on for processing such data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about End Users Using Link or Connecting your bank account . Stripe offers a service called "Link," which allows you to create an account and store information for future interactions with Stripe’s Services and Business Users. You may save a number of different kinds of Personal Data using Link. For instance, you may save your name, payment method details, contact information, and address to conveniently use saved information to pay for transactions across our Business Users. When you choose to pay with Link, we will also collect Transaction Data associated with your transactions. Learn More . You can also share and save bank account details to your Link account using Stripe’s Financial Connections product. When you use Financial Connections, Stripe will periodically collect and process your account information (such as bank account owner information, account balances, account number and details, account transactions, and, in some cases, log-in credentials). You can ask us to cease the collection of such data at any time. Learn More . You can also use your Link account to access services provided by Stripe’s partner businesses, such as Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) services or crypto wallet services. In these situations, we will collect and share additional Personal Data with partner businesses to facilitate your use of such services. You can save this information to your Link account to access similar services in the future. We may also receive certain information about you from partner businesses in connection with the services they provide. Learn More . Finally, you can use Link to store your identity documents (such as your driver’s license) so that you can share them in future interactions with Stripe or its Business Users. Paying Stripe . When you purchase goods or services directly from Stripe, we receive your Transaction Data. For instance, when you make a payment to Stripe Climate, we collect information about the transaction, as well as your contact and payment method details. Identity/Verification Services . We offer an identity verification service that automates the comparison of your identity document (such as a driver’s license) with your image (such as a selfie). You can separately consent to us using your biometric data to enhance our verification technology, with the option to revoke your consent at any time. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Users, including about your online activity and your engagement with our End User Services, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Users Services . We use and share your Personal Data to provide the End User Services to you, which includes support, personalization (such as language preferences and setting choices), and communication about our End User Services (such as communicating Policy updates and information about our Services). For example, Stripe may use cookies and similar technologies or the data you provide to our Business Users (such as when you input your email address on a Business User’s website) to recognize you and help you use Link when visiting our Business User’s website. Learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies in Stripe’s Cookie Policy . Our Business Users. When you use Link to make payments with our Business Users, we share your Personal Data, including name, contact information, payment method details, and Transaction Data with those Business Users. Learn More . You can also direct Stripe to share your saved bank account information and identity documents with Business Users you do business with. Once we share your Personal Data with Business Users, we may process that Personal Data as a Data Processor for those Business Users, as detailed in Section 1.2 of this Policy. You should consult the privacy policies of the Business Users’ you do business with for information on how they use the information shared with them. Fraud Detection and Loss Prevention . We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect fraud and prevent financial losses for you, us, and our Business Users and Financial Partners, including detecting unauthorized purchases. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those that use our fraud prevention-related Business Services (such as Stripe Radar), with Personal Data about you (including your attempted transactions) so that they can assess the fraud or loss risk associated with the transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, we may use your Personal Data, including Transaction Data, to assess your eligibility for, and offer you, other End User Services or promote existing End User Services, including through co-marketing with partners such as Stripe Business Users. Learn more . Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we use and share End User Personal Data with third party partners to allow us to advertise our End User Services to you, including through interest-based advertising, and to track the efficacy of such ads. We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third-party partners, such as advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services to you. Learn more . More . For further information about ways we may use and share End Users' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.2 End Customers Stripe provides various Business Services to our Business Users, which include processing in-person or online payments or payouts for those Business Users. When acting as a service provider—also referred to as a Data Processor—for a Business User, we process End Customer Personal Data in accordance with our agreement with the Business User and the Business User's lawful instructions. This happens, for example, when we process a payment for a Business User because you purchased a product from them, or when the Business User asks us to send you funds. Business Users are responsible for ensuring that the privacy rights of their End Customers are respected, including obtaining appropriate consents and making disclosures about their own data collection and use associated with their products and services. If you're an End Customer, please refer to the privacy policy of the Business User you're doing business with for its privacy practices, choices, and controls. We provide more comprehensive information about our collection, use, and sharing of End Customer Personal Data in our Privacy Center , including the legal bases we rely on for processing your Personal Data. a. Personal Data we collect about End Customers Transaction Data . If you're an End Customer making payments to, receiving refunds or payments from, initiating a purchase or donation, or otherwise transacting with our Business User, whether in-person or online, we receive your Transaction Data. We may also receive your transaction history with the Business User. Learn More . Additionally, we may collect information entered into a checkout form even if you opt not to complete the form or transaction with the Business User. Learn More . A Business User who uses Stripe’s Terminal Service to provide its goods or services to End Customers may use the Terminal Service to collect End Customer Personal Data (like your name, email, phone number, address, signature, or age) in accordance with its own privacy policy. Identity/Verification Information . Stripe provides a verification and fraud prevention Service that our Business Users can use to verify Personal Data about you, such as your authorization to use a particular payment method. During the process, you’d be asked to share with us certain Personal Data (like your government ID and selfie for biometric verification, Personal Data you input, or Personal Data that is apparent from the physical payment method like a credit card image). To protect against fraud and determine if somebody is trying to impersonate you, we may cross-verify this data with information about you that we've collected from Business Users, Financial Partners, business affiliates, identity verification services, publicly available sources, and other third party service providers and sources. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Customers, including about your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Customers To provide our Business Services to our Business Users, we use and share End Customers' Personal Data with them. Where allowed, we also use End Customers' Personal Data for Stripe’s own purposes such as enhancing security, improving and offering our Business Services, and preventing fraud, loss, and other damages, as described further below. Payment processing and accounting . We use your Transaction Data to deliver Payment-related Business Services to Business Users — including online payment transactions processing, sales tax calculation, and invoice, bill, and dispute handling — and to help them determine their revenue, settle their bills, and execute accounting tasks. Learn More . We may also use your Personal Data to provide and improve our Business Services. During payment transactions, your Personal Data is shared with various entities in connection with your transaction. As a service provider or data processor, we share Personal Data to enable transactions as directed by Business Users. For instance, when you choose a payment method for your transaction, we may share your Transaction Data with your bank or other payment method provider, including as necessary to authenticate you, Learn More , process your transaction, prevent fraud, and handle disputes. The Business User you choose to do business with also receives Transaction Data and might share the data with others. Please review your merchant’s, bank’s, and payment method provider’s privacy policies for more information about how they use and share your Personal Data. Financial services . Certain Business Users leverage our Services to offer financial services to you via Stripe or our Financial Partners. For example, a Business User may issue a card product with which you can purchase goods and services. Such cards could carry the brand of Stripe, the bank partner, and/or the Business User. In addition to any Transaction Data we may generate or receive when these cards are used for purchases, we also collect and use your Personal Data to provide and manage these products, including assisting our Business Users in preventing misuse of the cards. Please review the privacy policies of the Business User and, if applicable, our bank partners associated with the financial service (the brands of which may be shown on the card) for more information. Identity/Verification services . We use Personal Data about your identity to perform verification services for Stripe or for the Business Users that you are transacting with, to prevent fraud, and to enhance security. For these purposes we may use Personal Data you provide directly or Personal Data we obtain from our service providers, including for phone verification. Learn More . If you provide a selfie along with an image of your identity document, we may employ biometric technology to compare and calculate whether they match and verify your identity. Learn More . Fraud detection and loss prevention. We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect and prevent losses for you, us, our Business Users, and Financial Partners. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those using our fraud prevention-related Business Services, with your Personal Data (including your attempted transactions) to help them assess the fraud or loss risk associated with a transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Our Business Users (and their authorized third parties). We share End Customers' Personal Data with their respective Business Users and parties directly authorized by those Business Users to receive such data. Here are common examples of such sharing: When a Business User instructs Stripe to provide another Business User with access to its Stripe account, including data related to its End Customers, via Stripe Connect. Sharing information that you have provided to us with a Business User so that we can send payments to you on behalf of that Business User. Sharing information, documents, or images provided by an End Customer with a Business User when the latter uses Stripe Identity, our identity verification Service, to verify the identity of the End Customer. The Business Users you choose to do business with may further share your Personal Data with third parties (like additional third party service providers other than Stripe). Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information. Advertising by Business Users . If you initiate a purchasing process with a Business User, the Business User receives your Personal Data from us in connection with our provision of Services even if you don't finish your purchase. The Business User may use your Personal Data to market and advertise their products or services, subject to the terms of their privacy policy. Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information, including your rights to stop their use of your Personal Data for marketing purposes. More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share End Customers' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.3 Representatives We collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives of Business Users (for example, business owners) to provide our Business Services. For more information about how we collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives, as well as the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Representatives Registration and contact information . When you register for a Stripe account for a Business User (including incorporation of a Business), we collect your name and login credentials. If you register for or attend an event organized by Stripe or sign up to receive Stripe communications, we collect your registration and profile data. As a Representative, we may collect your Personal Data from third parties, including data providers, to advertise, market, and communicate with you as detailed further in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. We may also link a location with you to tailor the Services or information effectively to your needs. Learn More . Identification Information . As a current or potential Business User, an owner of a Business User, or a shareholder, officer, or director of a Business User, we need your contact details, such as name, postal address, telephone number, and email address, to fulfill our Financial Partner and regulatory requirements, verify your identity, and prevent fraudulent activities and harm to the Stripe platform. We collect your Personal Data, such as ownership interest in the Business User, date of birth, government-issued identity documents, and associated identifiers, as well as any history of fraud or misuse, directly from you and/or from publicly available sources, third parties such as credit bureaus and via the Services we provide. Learn More . You may also choose to provide us with bank account information. More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about Representatives, including your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Representatives We typically use the Personal Data of Representatives to provide the Business Services to the corresponding Business Users. The ways we use and share this data are further described below. Business Services . We use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with Business Users to provide the Services requested by you or the Business User you represent. In some instances, we may have to submit your Personal Data to a government entity to provide our Business Services, for purposes such as the incorporation of a business, or calculating and paying applicable sales tax. For our tax-related Business Services, we may use your Personal Data to prepare tax documents and file taxes on behalf of the Business User you represent. For our Atlas business incorporation Services, we may use your Personal Data to submit forms to the IRS on your behalf and file documents with other government authorities, such as articles of incorporation in your state of incorporation. We share Representatives’ Personal Data with parties authorized by the corresponding Business User, such as Financial Partners servicing a financial product, or third party apps or services the Business User chooses to use alongside our Business Services. Here are common examples of such sharing: Payment method providers, like Visa or WeChat Pay, require information about Business Users and their Representatives who accept their payment methods. This information is typically required during the onboarding process or for processing transactions and handling disputes for these Business Users. Learn More . A Business User may authorize Stripe to share your Personal Data with other Business Users to facilitate the provision of Services through Stripe Connect. The use of Personal Data by a third party authorized by a Business User is subject to the third party’s privacy policy. If you are a Business User who has chosen a name that includes Personal Data (for example, a sole proprietorship or family name in a company name), we will use and share such information for the provision of our Services in the same way we do with any company name. This may include, for example, displaying it on receipts and other transaction-identifying descriptions. Fraud detection and loss prevention . We use Representatives’ Personal Data to identify and manage risks that our Business Services might be used for fraudulent activities causing losses to Stripe, End Users, End Customers, Business Users, Financial Partners, and others. We also use information about you obtained from publicly available sources, third parties like credit bureaus and from our Services to address such risks, including to identify patterns of misuse and monitor for terms of service violations. Stripe may share Representatives' Personal Data with Business Users, our Financial Partners, and third party service providers, including phone verification providers, Learn More , to verify the information provided by you and identify risk indicators. Learn More . We also use and share Representatives' Personal Data to conduct due diligence, including conducting anti-money laundering and sanctions screening in accordance with applicable law. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment. However, we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . We may also use your Personal Data, including your Stripe account activity, to evaluate your eligibility for and offer you Business Services or promote existing Business Services. Learn more . More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share Representatives’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.4 Visitors We collect, use, and share the Personal Data of Visitors. More details about how we collect, use, and share Visitors’ Personal Data, along with the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Visitors When you browse our Sites, we receive your Personal Data, either provided directly by you or collected through our use of cookies and similar technologies. See our Cookie Policy for more information. If you opt to complete a form on the Site or third party websites where our advertisements are displayed (like LinkedIn or Facebook), we collect the information you included in the form. This may include your contact information and other information pertaining to your questions about our Services. We may also associate a location with your visit. Learn More . More . Further details about other types of Personal Data that we may collect from Visitors, including your online activity, can be found in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Visitors Personalization . We use the data we collect about you using cookies and similar technologies to measure engagement with the content on the Sites, improve relevancy and navigation, customize your experience (such as language preference and region-specific content), and curate content about Stripe and our Services that's tailored to you. For instance, as not all of our Services are available globally, we may customize our responses based on your region. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Visitors’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . Engagement . As you interact with our Sites, we use the information we collect about and through your devices to provide opportunities for further interactions, such as discussions about Services or interactions with chatbots, to address your questions. More . For more information about additional ways we may use and share Visitors’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 2. More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data In addition to the ways described above, we also process your Personal Data as follows: a. Collection of Personal Data Online Activity . Depending on the Service used and how our Business Services are implemented by the Business Users, we may collect information related to: The devices and browsers you use across our Sites and third party websites, apps, and other online services (“Third Party Sites”). Usage data associated with those devices and browsers and your engagement with our Services, including data elements like IP address, plug-ins, language preference, time spent on Sites and Third Party Sites, pages visited, links clicked, payment methods used, and the pages that led you to our Sites and Third Party Sites. We also collect activity indicators, such as mouse activity indicators, to help us detect fraud. Learn More . See also our Cookie Policy . Communication and Engagement Information . We also collect information you choose to share with us through various channels, such as support tickets, emails, or social media. If you respond to emails or surveys from Stripe, we collect your email address, name, and any other data you opt to include in your email or responses. If you engage with us over the phone, we collect your phone number and any other information you might provide during the call. Calls with Stripe or Stripe representatives may be recorded. Learn More . Additionally, we collect your engagement data, like your registration for, attendance at, or viewing of Stripe events and any other interactions with Stripe personnel. Forums and Discussion Groups . If our Sites allow posting of content, we collect Personal Data that you provide in connection with the post. b. Use of Personal Data. Besides the use of Personal Data described above, we use Personal Data in the ways listed below: Analyzing, Improving, and Developing our Services . We collect and process Personal Data throughout our various Services, whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, to improve our Services, develop new Services, and support our efforts to make our Services more efficient, relevant, and useful to you. Learn More . We may use Personal Data to generate aggregate and statistical information to understand and explain how our Services are used. Examples of how we use Personal Data to analyze, improve, and develop our products and services include: Using analytics on our Sites, including as described in our Cookie Policy, to help us understand your use of our Sites and Services and diagnose technical issues. Training artificial intelligence models to power our Services and protect against fraud and other harm. Learn more . Analyzing and drawing inferences from Transaction Data to reduce costs, fraud, and disputes and increase authentication and authorization rates for Stripe and our Business Users. Communications . We use the contact information we have about you to deliver our Services, Learn More , which may involve sending codes via SMS for your authentication. Learn More . If you are an End User, Representative, or Visitor, we may communicate with you using the contact information we have about you to provide information about our Services and our affiliates’ services, invite you to participate in our events, surveys, or user research, or otherwise communicate with you for marketing purposes, in compliance with applicable law, including any consent or opt-out requirements. For example, when you provide your contact information to us or when we collect your business contact details through participation at trade shows or other events, we may use this data to follow up with you regarding an event, provide information requested about our Services, and include you in our marketing information campaigns. Where permitted under applicable law, we may record our calls with you to provide our Services, comply with our legal obligations, perform research and quality assurance, and for training purposes. Social Media and Promotions . If you opt to submit Personal Data to engage in an offer, program, or promotion, we use the Personal Data you provide to manage the offer, program, or promotion. We also use the Personal Data you provide, along with the Personal Data you make available on social media platforms, for marketing purposes, unless we are not permitted to do so. Fraud Prevention and Security . We collect and use Personal Data to help us identify and manage activities that could be fraudulent or harmful across our Services, enable our fraud detection Business Services, and secure our Services and transactions against unauthorized access, use, alteration or misappropriation of Personal Data, information, and funds. As part of the fraud prevention, detection, security monitoring, and compliance efforts for Stripe and its Business Users, we collect information from publicly available sources, third parties (such as credit bureaus), and via the Services we offer. In some instances, we may also collect information about you directly from you, or from our Business Users, Financial Partners, and other third parties for the same purposes. Furthermore, to protect our Services, we may receive details such as IP addresses and other identifying data about potential security threats from third parties. Learn More . Such information helps us verify identities, conduct credit checks where lawfully permitted, and prevent fraud. Additionally, we might use technology to evaluate the potential risk of fraud associated with individuals seeking to procure our Business Services or arising from attempted transactions by an End Customer or End User with our Business Users or Financial Partners. Compliance with Legal Obligations . We use Personal Data to meet our contractual and legal obligations related to anti-money laundering, Know-Your-Customer ("KYC") laws, anti-terrorism activities, safeguarding vulnerable customers, export control, and prohibition of doing business with restricted persons or in certain business fields, among other legal obligations. For example, we may monitor transaction patterns and other online signals and use those insights to identify fraud, money laundering, and other harmful activity that could affect Stripe, our Financial Partners, End Users, Business Users and others. Learn More . Safety, security, and compliance for our Services are key priorities for us, and collecting and using Personal Data is crucial to this effort. Minors . Our Services are not directed to children under the age of 13, and we request that they do not provide Personal Data to seek Services directly from Stripe. In certain jurisdictions, we may impose higher age limits as required by applicable law. c. Sharing of Personal Data. Besides the sharing of Personal Data described above, we share Personal Data in the ways listed below: Stripe Affiliates . We share Personal Data with other Stripe-affiliated entities for purposes identified in this Policy. Service Providers or Processors . In order to provide, communicate, market, analyze, and advertise our Services, we depend on service providers. These providers offer critical services such as providing cloud infrastructure, conducting analytics for the assessment of the speed, accuracy, and/or security of our Services, verifying identities, identifying potentially harmful activity, and providing customer service and audit functions. We authorize these service providers to use or disclose the Personal Data we make available to them to perform services on our behalf and to comply with relevant legal obligations. We require these service providers to contractually commit to security and confidentiality obligations for the Personal Data they process on our behalf. The majority of our service providers are based in the European Union, the United States of America, and India. Learn More . Financial Partners . We share Personal Data with certain Financial Partners to provide Services to Business Users and offer certain Services in conjunction with these Financial Partners. For instance, we may share certain Personal Data, such as payment processing volume, loan repayment data, and Representative contact information, with institutional investors and lenders who purchase loan receivables or provide financing related to Stripe Capital. Learn More . Others with Consent . In some situations, we may not offer a service, but instead refer you to others (like professional service firms that we partner with to deliver the Atlas Service). In these instances, we will disclose the identity of the third party and the information to be shared with them, and seek your consent to share the information. Corporate Transactions . If we enter or intend to enter a transaction that modifies the structure of our business, such as a reorganization, merger, sale, joint venture, assignment, transfer, change of control, or other disposition of all or part of our business, assets, or stock, we may share Personal Data with third parties in connection with such transaction. Any other entity that buys us or part of our business will have the right to continue to use your Personal Data, subject to the terms of this Policy. Compliance and Harm Prevention . We share Personal Data when we believe it is necessary to comply with applicable law; to abide by rules imposed by Financial Partners in connection with the use of their payment method; to enforce our contractual rights; to secure and protect the Services, rights, privacy, safety, and property of Stripe, you, and others, including against malicious or fraudulent activity; and to respond to valid legal requests from courts, law enforcement agencies, regulatory agencies, and other public and government authorities, which may include authorities outside your country of residence. 3. Legal bases for processing Personal Data For purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other applicable data protection laws, we rely on a number of legal bases to process your Personal Data. Learn More . For some jurisdictions, there may be additional legal bases, which are outlined in the Jurisdiction-Specific Provisions section below. a. Contractual and Pre-Contractual Business Relationships . We process Personal Data to enter into business relationships with prospective Business Users and End Users and fulfill our respective contractual obligations with them. These processing activities include: Creation and management of Stripe accounts and Stripe account credentials, including the assessment of applications to initiate or expand the use of our Services; Creation and management of Stripe Checkout accounts; Accounting, auditing, and billing activities; and Processing of payments and related activities, which include fraud detection, loss prevention, transaction optimization, communications about such payments, and related customer service activities. b. Legal Compliance . We process Personal Data to verify the identities of individuals and entities to comply with obligations related to fraud monitoring, prevention, and detection, laws associated with identifying and reporting illicit and illegal activities, such as those under the Anti-Money Laundering ("AML") and Know-Your-Customer (“KYC") regulations, and financial reporting obligations. For example, we may be required to record and verify a Business User’s identity to comply with regulations designed to prevent money laundering, fraud, and financial crimes. These legal obligations may require us to report our compliance to third parties and subject ourselves to third party verification audits. c. Legitimate Interests . Where permitted under applicable law, we rely on our legitimate business interests to process your Personal Data. The following list provides an example of the business purposes for which we have a legitimate interest in processing your data: Detection, monitoring, and prevention of fraud and unauthorized payment transactions; Mitigation of financial loss, claims, liabilities or other harm to End Customers, End Users, Business Users, Financial Partners, and Stripe; Determination of eligibility for and offering new Stripe Services ( Learn More ); Response to inquiries, delivery of Service notices, and provision of customer support; Promotion, analysis, modification, and improvement of our Services, systems, and tools, as well as the development of new products and services, including enhancing the reliability of the Services; Management, operation, and improvement of the performance of our Sites and Services, through understanding their effectiveness and optimizing our digital assets; Analysis and advertisement of our Services, and related improvements; Aggregate analysis and development of business intelligence that enable us to operate, protect, make informed decisions about, and report on the performance of our business; Sharing of Personal Data with third party service providers that offer services on our behalf and business partners that help us in operating and improving our business ( Learn More) ; Enabling network and information security throughout Stripe and our Services; and Sharing of Personal Data among our affiliates. d. Consent . We may rely on consent or explicit consent to collect and process Personal Data regarding our interactions with you and the provision of our Services such as Link, Financial Connections, Atlas, and Identity. When we process your Personal Data based on your consent, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time, and such a withdrawal will not impact the legality of processing performed based on the consent prior to its withdrawal. e. Substantial Public Interest . We may process special categories of Personal Data, as defined by the GDPR, when such processing is necessary for reasons of substantial public interest and consistent with applicable law, such as when we conduct politically-exposed person checks. We may also process Personal Data related to criminal convictions and offenses when such processing is authorized by applicable law, such as when we conduct sanctions screening to comply with AML and KYC obligations. f. Other valid legal bases . We may process Personal Data further to other valid legal bases as recognized under applicable law in specific jurisdictions. See the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section below for more information. 4. Your rights and choices Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have choices regarding our collection, use, and disclosure of your Personal Data: a. Opting out of receiving electronic communications from us If you wish to stop receiving marketing-related emails from us, you can opt-out by clicking the unsubscribe link included in such emails or as described here . We'll try to process your request(s) as quickly as reasonably practicable. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close C++ Follow Hide Official tag for the C++ programming language. Create Post submission guidelines Articles and discussions should be directly related to the C++ programming language. (Not to be confused with C (#c) , Objective C (#objectivec) , or C# (#csharp) ) Questions are encouraged! (See the #help tag) Be careful when criticizing C++ as a language or platform; most such complaints are old news. Criticisms are permitted, but please keep such discussions polite and objective. about #cpp C++ is a compiled programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1985. It offers features of imperative, object-oriented, and generic programming. The current language standard is C++20 . Documentation cppreference.com CPlusPlus.com Compilers Clang/LLVM GCC Microsoft Visual C++ Complete list... Older #cpp posts 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu # Building Production-Ready LLM Applications: Introducing llama-app-generator Pooria Yousefi Pooria Yousefi Pooria Yousefi Follow Oct 6 '25 # Building Production-Ready LLM Applications: Introducing llama-app-generator # cpp # llm # llamacpp # ai Comments Add Comment 4 min read Secure Remote Password (SRP) protocol Tiago Sousa Tiago Sousa Tiago Sousa Follow Oct 28 '25 Secure Remote Password (SRP) protocol # cryptography # cpp # srp 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 14 min read A pattern matching DSL for modern C++ sentomk sentomk sentomk Follow Nov 8 '25 A pattern matching DSL for modern C++ # opensource # cpp Comments Add Comment 1 min read Building Better State Machines in Modern C++: CXXStateTree ZigRazor ZigRazor ZigRazor Follow Nov 7 '25 Building Better State Machines in Modern C++: CXXStateTree # showdev # cpp # opensource # programming 2 reactions Comments 6 comments 4 min read Writing and running End-to-End Tests in Autotools Paul J. Lucas Paul J. Lucas Paul J. Lucas Follow Nov 8 '25 Writing and running End-to-End Tests in Autotools # c # cpp # autotools 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Adding Automated Testing to My CLI Tool ElshadHu ElshadHu ElshadHu Follow Nov 8 '25 Adding Automated Testing to My CLI Tool # tutorial # cpp # testing # cli Comments Add Comment 3 min read Join Me in Building the Ultimate C++ Telegram Bot Framework! 龙森 龙森 龙森 Follow Oct 4 '25 Join Me in Building the Ultimate C++ Telegram Bot Framework! # cpp # boost # ftxui Comments Add Comment 1 min read Mastering C++ Templates: Why Generic Programming Beats Code Duplication Sk Sk Sk Follow Oct 8 '25 Mastering C++ Templates: Why Generic Programming Beats Code Duplication # cpp # webdev # tutorial # beginners 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read OSD600 Lab 4 Kyle Homen Kyle Homen Kyle Homen Follow Oct 3 '25 OSD600 Lab 4 # cpp # cli # opensource Comments Add Comment 4 min read launch.json solved ziad Z3TAR ziad Z3TAR ziad Z3TAR Follow Oct 4 '25 launch.json solved # vscode # cpp # msys2 # mingw Comments Add Comment 2 min read Adding Unit Tests to repo-context-packager Oleksandra Oleksandra Oleksandra Follow Nov 7 '25 Adding Unit Tests to repo-context-packager # opensource # cpp # testing # cli Comments Add Comment 2 min read RAII Explained: Why C++ Doesn't Need a Garbage Collector Sk Sk Sk Follow Oct 8 '25 RAII Explained: Why C++ Doesn't Need a Garbage Collector # cpp # webdev # tutorial # beginners 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Modeling Epidemic Spread on Large Graphs Using CUDA Timur Asadullin Timur Asadullin Timur Asadullin Follow Nov 7 '25 Modeling Epidemic Spread on Large Graphs Using CUDA # cuda # gpu # cpp # c Comments 1 comment 29 min read Maintaining Arch Linux AUR Packages: Updates for python-nspektr and rapidyaml Shresth Paul Shresth Paul Shresth Paul Follow Oct 2 '25 Maintaining Arch Linux AUR Packages: Updates for python-nspektr and rapidyaml # archlinux # opensource # cpp # python Comments Add Comment 2 min read Maintaining Arch Linux AUR Packages: Updates for python-nspektr and rapidyaml Shresth Paul Shresth Paul Shresth Paul Follow Oct 2 '25 Maintaining Arch Linux AUR Packages: Updates for python-nspektr and rapidyaml # archlinux # opensource # cpp # python Comments Add Comment 2 min read DocWire SDK New Release: Turning Pipelines into Secure HTTP Services Krzysztof Nowicki Krzysztof Nowicki Krzysztof Nowicki Follow Oct 2 '25 DocWire SDK New Release: Turning Pipelines into Secure HTTP Services # cpp # opensource # cloudnative # http Comments Add Comment 2 min read Inter-Process Communication (IPC) in C++: Complete Guide Oleg Goncharov Oleg Goncharov Oleg Goncharov Follow Nov 6 '25 Inter-Process Communication (IPC) in C++: Complete Guide # ipc # cpp 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Multithreading in Modern C++: Lock-Free Programming, Memory Ordering, and Atomics Oleg Goncharov Oleg Goncharov Oleg Goncharov Follow Nov 4 '25 Multithreading in Modern C++: Lock-Free Programming, Memory Ordering, and Atomics # cpp # atomic # multithreading # lockfree Comments Add Comment 6 min read 1518. Water Bottles || LeetCode || C++ Siddhesh Bhupendra Kuakde Siddhesh Bhupendra Kuakde Siddhesh Bhupendra Kuakde Follow Oct 1 '25 1518. Water Bottles || LeetCode || C++ # algorithms # cpp # leetcode Comments Add Comment 2 min read Install MinGW-w64 on Windows 11 Prabhat Shrestha Prabhat Shrestha Prabhat Shrestha Follow Nov 4 '25 Install MinGW-w64 on Windows 11 # cpp # mingw Comments Add Comment 2 min read PR-02 at Hacktoberfest: From Issue to Pull Request: Adding Windows Network Monitoring to SysMood Hacktoberfest: Contribution Chronicles Anderson Yu-Hong Cai Anderson Yu-Hong Cai Anderson Yu-Hong Cai Follow Oct 12 '25 PR-02 at Hacktoberfest: From Issue to Pull Request: Adding Windows Network Monitoring to SysMood # hacktoberfest # opensource # cpp # funnytool Comments Add Comment 2 min read Mastering std::variant for Type-Safe, Expressive Code FusionEX FusionEX FusionEX Follow Nov 2 '25 Mastering std::variant for Type-Safe, Expressive Code # cpp # programming # tutorial 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 5 min read How to get and use a free PVS-Studio license. Part 2: initial run and configuration Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Follow Sep 30 '25 How to get and use a free PVS-Studio license. Part 2: initial run and configuration # free # programming # cpp # csharp Comments Add Comment 6 min read 🌀 Brent's Algorithm Explained – Faster Cycle Detection for Beginners Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Nov 2 '25 🌀 Brent's Algorithm Explained – Faster Cycle Detection for Beginners # programming # cpp # javascript # python 24 reactions Comments 4 comments 4 min read Integrating Doxygen into Autotools Paul J. Lucas Paul J. Lucas Paul J. 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https://wiki.python.org/moin/FrontPage | FrontPage - Python Wiki Search: FrontPage FrontPage FrontPage RecentChanges FindPage HelpContents Page Immutable Page Comments Info Attachments More Actions: Raw Text Print View Delete Cache ------------------------ Check Spelling Like Pages Local Site Map ------------------------ Rename Page Delete Page ------------------------ ------------------------ Remove Spam Revert to this revision ------------------------ SlideShow User Login The Python Wiki Welcome to the Python Wiki, a user-editable compendium of knowledge based around the Python programming language. Some pages are protected against casual editing - see WikiEditingGuidelines for more information about editing content. Python is a great object-oriented, interpreted, and interactive programming language. It is often compared (favorably of course ) to Lisp, Tcl, Perl, Ruby, C#, Visual Basic, Visual Fox Pro, Scheme or Java... and it's much more fun. Python combines remarkable power with very clear syntax. It has modules, classes, exceptions, very high level dynamic data types, and dynamic typing. There are interfaces to many system calls and libraries, as well as to various windowing systems . New built-in modules are easily written in C or C++ (or other languages, depending on the chosen implementation ). Python is also usable as an extension language for applications written in other languages that need easy-to-use scripting or automation interfaces. 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Managing your code more effectively Applications Python Editors Ready-to-run applications which use Python Editing your code more effectively Useful Modules Publishing Python Modules Some building blocks for your own projects (including frameworks for database, GUI, Web programming) How to make others aware of your own works Python Core Development Tools The Python Web Site Bug Tracker Maintaining the official Python online resources Roundup and the code review services used by the Python project Package Index Other Resources The infrastructure behind Python package hosting A list of all development process-related resources on this Wiki Using this Wiki This Wiki is a community place to gather and organize all things about Python. Feel free to exercise your editorial skills and expertise to make it a useful knowledge base and up-to-date reference on all Python-related topics. 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If you find problems, please report them to the pydotorg-www mailing list <pydotorg-www@python.org> . HTTPS access to the Wiki We have enabled HTTPS access to the wiki to further enhance security and avoid having to send clear text passwords over the network in order to log in to the wikis. If you have not been using HTTPS links to the wiki login page , please be advised that your password may have been sniffed on the network at e.g. a conference. It is best to change it and stop using HTTP links to the wiki login page. FrontPage (last edited 2025-05-14 15:24:44 by MarcAndreLemburg ) MoinMoin Powered Python Powered GPL licensed Valid HTML 4.01 Unable to edit the page? See the FrontPage for instructions. | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close C++ Follow Hide Official tag for the C++ programming language. Create Post submission guidelines Articles and discussions should be directly related to the C++ programming language. (Not to be confused with C (#c) , Objective C (#objectivec) , or C# (#csharp) ) Questions are encouraged! (See the #help tag) Be careful when criticizing C++ as a language or platform; most such complaints are old news. Criticisms are permitted, but please keep such discussions polite and objective. about #cpp C++ is a compiled programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1985. It offers features of imperative, object-oriented, and generic programming. The current language standard is C++20 . Documentation cppreference.com CPlusPlus.com Compilers Clang/LLVM GCC Microsoft Visual C++ Complete list... Older #cpp posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu [C++] const 키워드와 반복자 Seongcheol Jeon Seongcheol Jeon Seongcheol Jeon Follow Dec 29 '25 [C++] const 키워드와 반복자 # cpp Comments Add Comment 1 min read MAWA - Un lenguaje tan simple como Python pero tan potente como Assembler, el ASM moderno pero mucho más sencillo. Samuel Leonardo Samuel Leonardo Samuel Leonardo Follow Jan 4 MAWA - Un lenguaje tan simple como Python pero tan potente como Assembler, el ASM moderno pero mucho más sencillo. # assembly # cpp # c # beginners 5 reactions Comments 40 comments 4 min read I try to create a C++ program that receives data and continuously process it, is it required that I use async/threading? UlafBogor UlafBogor UlafBogor Follow Dec 30 '25 I try to create a C++ program that receives data and continuously process it, is it required that I use async/threading? # python # cpp # interprocess # socket Comments 1 comment 1 min read MiniLisp C++: A Compile-Time Lisp Interpreter in C++20 Prasanna Gautam Prasanna Gautam Prasanna Gautam Follow Dec 27 '25 MiniLisp C++: A Compile-Time Lisp Interpreter in C++20 # showdev # computerscience # cpp Comments Add Comment 8 min read 🌠Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Smallest Subtree with all the Deepest Nodes' – LeetCode 865 (C++, Python, JavaScript) Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Jan 9 🌠Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Smallest Subtree with all the Deepest Nodes' – LeetCode 865 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript 17 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read IMake: Reinventing Build Systems with Clarity and Efficiency for Native Linux Development lengjingzju lengjingzju lengjingzju Follow Dec 24 '25 IMake: Reinventing Build Systems with Clarity and Efficiency for Native Linux Development # programming # devops # linux # cpp Comments Add Comment 12 min read Constructor In Multiple Inheritance in C++ Akshay Sobti Akshay Sobti Akshay Sobti Follow Dec 24 '25 Constructor In Multiple Inheritance in C++ # programming # beginners # cpp 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building a High-Performance Real-Time Camera Capture System in C++ Jyoti Prajapati Jyoti Prajapati Jyoti Prajapati Follow Dec 22 '25 Building a High-Performance Real-Time Camera Capture System in C++ # cpp # programming # performance # systemdesign Comments Add Comment 5 min read 💪 The Path to My Dream Continues: How I Finally Had the Surgery — and Why I’m Not Giving Up, Neither on My Health nor on IT Stas Gersa Stas Gersa Stas Gersa Follow Dec 22 '25 💪 The Path to My Dream Continues: How I Finally Had the Surgery — and Why I’m Not Giving Up, Neither on My Health nor on IT # healthydebate # programming # cpp # qt Comments Add Comment 5 min read What Building a C++ Benchmarking Suite Taught Me About "Simple" Data Structures Robert Mendola Robert Mendola Robert Mendola Follow Dec 21 '25 What Building a C++ Benchmarking Suite Taught Me About "Simple" Data Structures # algorithms # computerscience # performance # cpp Comments Add Comment 6 min read [BOJ/C, C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 약수, 배수와 소수 1 dbsans dbsans dbsans Follow Jan 3 [BOJ/C, C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 약수, 배수와 소수 1 # programming # c # cpp # coding Comments Add Comment 2 min read [BOJ/C, C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 수학 1 dbsans dbsans dbsans Follow Jan 3 [BOJ/C, C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 수학 1 # programming # c # cpp # coding Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Benchmarking Trap Alexey Alexey Alexey Follow Dec 24 '25 The Benchmarking Trap # cpp # c # programming Comments 1 comment 4 min read Brewing Cappuccino: Writing a compiler without LLVM's IR Anirudh Mathur Anirudh Mathur Anirudh Mathur Follow Dec 21 '25 Brewing Cappuccino: Writing a compiler without LLVM's IR # showdev # cpp # assembly # compiler Comments Add Comment 4 min read I Built a Game Engine from Scratch in C++ (Here's What I Learned) Melvin Cheah Melvin Cheah Melvin Cheah Follow Jan 7 I Built a Game Engine from Scratch in C++ (Here's What I Learned) # programming # gamedev # learning # cpp 39 reactions Comments 19 comments 9 min read Advent of Code 2025 - December 10th Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Follow Dec 16 '25 Advent of Code 2025 - December 10th # advent # adventofcode # cpp # 2025 Comments Add Comment 3 min read I Made a Reference Guide for AMB25 Because Realtek Forgot To 🤷♂️ Nityam Sheth Nityam Sheth Nityam Sheth Follow Dec 25 '25 I Made a Reference Guide for AMB25 Because Realtek Forgot To 🤷♂️ # iot # arduino # cpp # realtek 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building a Modular Starter Kit for M5StickC-Plus2: From Messy Code to Clean Architecture ChristopherDebray ChristopherDebray ChristopherDebray Follow Dec 14 '25 Building a Modular Starter Kit for M5StickC-Plus2: From Messy Code to Clean Architecture # arduino # iot # developer # cpp Comments Add Comment 6 min read 🧗♂️Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Max Dot Product of Two Subsequences' – LeetCode 1458 (C++, Python, JavaScript) Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Jan 8 🧗♂️Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Max Dot Product of Two Subsequences' – LeetCode 1458 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript 17 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Ultimate "It Works on My Machine" Fix: Building a Polyglot (C++, Rust, Python), Remote IDE & Jupyter-Ready Container Warren Jitsing Warren Jitsing Warren Jitsing Follow Dec 14 '25 The Ultimate "It Works on My Machine" Fix: Building a Polyglot (C++, Rust, Python), Remote IDE & Jupyter-Ready Container # cpp # rust # python # docker Comments Add Comment 31 min read Building a File Copier 4x Faster Than cp Using io_uring Vincent Du Vincent Du Vincent Du Follow Jan 7 Building a File Copier 4x Faster Than cp Using io_uring # linux # cpp # performance # tutorial 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read 🌳 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Maximum Product of Splitted Binary Tree' – LeetCode 1339 (C++, Python, JavaScript) Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Jan 7 🌳 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Maximum Product of Splitted Binary Tree' – LeetCode 1339 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # javascript # python 15 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Advent of Code 2025 - December 11th Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Follow Dec 13 '25 Advent of Code 2025 - December 11th # advent # adventofcode # cpp # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Hello World: An Embedded Engineer's Journey into Modern C++ and OSS Taka Taka Taka Follow Dec 13 '25 Hello World: An Embedded Engineer's Journey into Modern C++ and OSS # learning # devjournal # cpp # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read Building an HTTP Server in C++: From TCP to HTMX (Part 1) Armaan Chahal Armaan Chahal Armaan Chahal Follow Dec 16 '25 Building an HTTP Server in C++: From TCP to HTMX (Part 1) # cpp # networking # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 15 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close select * from SQL Follow Hide Posts on tips and tricks, using and learning about SQL for database development and analysis. Create Post submission guidelines Allowed Posts about learning SQL Posts about tips, tricks, problems, and answers Posts about news or commentary of the field Posts about specific tooling or frameworks Think what would someone wanting to learn more about SQL want to see. Not Allowed Articles that mention SQL in passing Articles that break the terms of use about #sql SQL is the language of data, has been for nearly 50 years now! Older #sql posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 238 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Prompt Engineering a Barista: How SQLatte's Personality Transforms SQL into Conversations osman uygar köse osman uygar köse osman uygar köse Follow Jan 12 Prompt Engineering a Barista: How SQLatte's Personality Transforms SQL into Conversations # promptengineering # ai # sql # python Comments Add Comment 4 min read SQL vs MongoDB(noSQL)! How to decide between databases Benjamin Janis Benjamin Janis Benjamin Janis Follow Jan 13 SQL vs MongoDB(noSQL)! How to decide between databases # sql # nosql # mongodb # mongoose Comments Add Comment 4 min read Beyond Nested Queries: A Practical Guide to SQL Subquery Flattening SQLFlash SQLFlash SQLFlash Follow Jan 12 Beyond Nested Queries: A Practical Guide to SQL Subquery Flattening # sql # mysql # ai # programming Comments Add Comment 5 min read SQL vs NoSQL: The Ultimate Interview Guide to Choosing the Right Database (Simple Checklist Included) sizan mahmud0 sizan mahmud0 sizan mahmud0 Follow Jan 12 SQL vs NoSQL: The Ultimate Interview Guide to Choosing the Right Database (Simple Checklist Included) # interview # sql # nosql # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Database Design Best Practice: Store Categorical Data as IDs, Not Strings Faizan Firdousi Faizan Firdousi Faizan Firdousi Follow Jan 11 Database Design Best Practice: Store Categorical Data as IDs, Not Strings # database # backend # sql # architecture Comments Add Comment 2 min read Stop Re-running Everything: A Local Incremental Pipeline in DuckDB Marko Marko Marko Follow Jan 10 Stop Re-running Everything: A Local Incremental Pipeline in DuckDB # python # dataengineering # sql # duckdb Comments Add Comment 4 min read [Simple SNS Project] Step 4. Search Implementation & Logging Strategy JongHwa JongHwa JongHwa Follow Jan 10 [Simple SNS Project] Step 4. Search Implementation & Logging Strategy # sql # database # springboot # java Comments Add Comment 1 min read Deploy: Cenário: Azure App Service + Github + SQL Server Yuri Peixinho Yuri Peixinho Yuri Peixinho Follow Jan 8 Deploy: Cenário: Azure App Service + Github + SQL Server # azure # devops # github # sql Comments Add Comment 5 min read MSSQL Encryptions, Certificates, A-Symmetric Keys and more (Vol 1) Amar Abaz Amar Abaz Amar Abaz Follow Jan 11 MSSQL Encryptions, Certificates, A-Symmetric Keys and more (Vol 1) # sqlserver # database # encryption # sql Comments Add Comment 5 min read My Interview Experience & Questions Faced (Frontend + JavaScript + SQL) LAKSHMI G LAKSHMI G LAKSHMI G Follow Jan 7 My Interview Experience & Questions Faced (Frontend + JavaScript + SQL) # beginners # career # javascript # sql Comments Add Comment 1 min read Week 4 SQL Injection Audit Challenge fosres fosres fosres Follow Jan 11 Week 4 SQL Injection Audit Challenge # security # python # tutorial # sql Comments Add Comment 27 min read SQL INJECTION Rodrino Adolfo Kupessala Rodrino Adolfo Kupessala Rodrino Adolfo Kupessala Follow Jan 11 SQL INJECTION # beginners # sql # security # webdev Comments Add Comment 1 min read pg-status - a lightweight microservice for checking PostgreSQL host status krylosov-aa krylosov-aa krylosov-aa Follow Jan 4 pg-status - a lightweight microservice for checking PostgreSQL host status # postgres # sql # c Comments Add Comment 7 min read XML External Entity (XXE) Injection: A Complete Guide for Developers Iroro Chadere Iroro Chadere Iroro Chadere Follow Jan 4 XML External Entity (XXE) Injection: A Complete Guide for Developers # xmlexternalentity # sql # xxe # programming Comments Add Comment 18 min read QUICK SQL REVISION Blackwatch Blackwatch Blackwatch Follow Jan 4 QUICK SQL REVISION # sql # database # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 14 min read Track Blocking and Deadlocks in MSSQL with my custom script Amar Abaz Amar Abaz Amar Abaz Follow Jan 4 Track Blocking and Deadlocks in MSSQL with my custom script # sqlserver # sql # database # deadlock 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Text2SQL on xxxx's of tables? Dan Shalev Dan Shalev Dan Shalev Follow Jan 5 Text2SQL on xxxx's of tables? # sql # falkordb # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read I Built a PostgreSQL User Analytics System — Here’s What I Learned About Real SQL Jessica Aki Jessica Aki Jessica Aki Follow Jan 9 I Built a PostgreSQL User Analytics System — Here’s What I Learned About Real SQL # postgres # beginners # database # sql 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Wait, what? PK is not needed for HABTM? tomdonarski tomdonarski tomdonarski Follow Jan 4 Wait, what? PK is not needed for HABTM? # database # rails # ruby # sql Comments Add Comment 2 min read Simple vs Complex: When to Level Up Your Solutions Juan Rueda Juan Rueda Juan Rueda Follow Jan 6 Simple vs Complex: When to Level Up Your Solutions # architecture # complexity # engineering # sql Comments Add Comment 5 min read Streaming SQL Engine: Lightweight Cross-Data Source Integration for Resource-Constrained Environments. Theodore P. Theodore P. Theodore P. Follow Jan 5 Streaming SQL Engine: Lightweight Cross-Data Source Integration for Resource-Constrained Environments. # architecture # dataengineering # python # sql 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Stop Manually Tracing Azure Synapse Dependencies Christian Wagner Christian Wagner Christian Wagner Follow Jan 2 Stop Manually Tracing Azure Synapse Dependencies # database # sql # opensource # dataengineering Comments Add Comment 1 min read TailwindSQL: The Weirdest, and Maybe Nicest, Developer Trend You’ll See Today Muhammad Usman Muhammad Usman Muhammad Usman Follow Jan 8 TailwindSQL: The Weirdest, and Maybe Nicest, Developer Trend You’ll See Today # tailwindcss # database # sql # programming 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read Part 8: Databricks Pipeline & Dashboard Nithyalakshmi Kamalakkannan Nithyalakshmi Kamalakkannan Nithyalakshmi Kamalakkannan Follow Jan 2 Part 8: Databricks Pipeline & Dashboard # analytics # dataengineering # tutorial # sql Comments Add Comment 2 min read Part 4: Building the Bronze Layer with Auto Loader and Delta Lake Nithyalakshmi Kamalakkannan Nithyalakshmi Kamalakkannan Nithyalakshmi Kamalakkannan Follow Jan 2 Part 4: Building the Bronze Layer with Auto Loader and Delta Lake # architecture # dataengineering # tutorial # sql Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... trending guides/resources Database Transactions and ACID Properties: Guaranteeing Data Consistency Using CTEs When Your ORM Says No (The Lazy Developer's Survival Guide) Understanding SQLite PRAGMA (And How better-sqlite3 Makes It Nicer) TypedSql: Turning the C# Type System into a High-Performance SQL Query Engine SQL Case Files: A Free, Story Driven way to practice SQL XML External Entity (XXE) Injection: A Complete Guide for Developers SQLite Database: A Complete Guide for Developers (Architecture, Internals, and Everything You Mus... How Database Indexes Improve SQL Performance — and When Not to Use Them Learning .NET from Beginner to Advanced Level's 🧠 ClickHouse LEFT JOINs: Why join_use_nulls Matters MySQL: Complete Architecture, Internals, and Practical Guide (With Code) Beginner-Friendly PL/SQL and JavaScript MLE Examples for Oracle 26ai Linked Server vs OPENQUERY vs OPENROWSET vs OPENDATASOURCE INNER JOIN and LEFT OUTER JOIN in MongoDB (with $lookup and $unwind) Apache Ignite 3.1.0 is now available Data Locality vs. Independence (NoSQL vs. SQL) Stop Blaming Doctrine - Start Understanding It How I Automated 90% of Data Requests Using LLM-Powered SQL Generation GoREST turn any database to a production grade REST API Nested Loop and Hash Join for MongoDB $lookup 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://www.oshwa.org/resources/open-source-hardware-logo | Open Source Hardware Logo | OSHWA menu menu chevron_left home About Team Programs Community Membership Events OSHW 101 Documents and Policies Resources Announcements English Open Source Hardware Logo This logo may be used if your hardware complies with the Open Source Hardware Definition. The gear logo is CC-SA. The original designer of the open hardware logo is Macklin Chaffee, who won the community contest for the logo design in 2011. Downloads Filled SVG: color | black | white PNG: color | black | white Outlined SVG: color | black | white PNG: color | black | white PDF: oshw-logo PCB Formats Kicad (scalable) by Robert Spitzenpfeil : OSHW_logo_KiCad_scalable.zip Kicad (copper layer, no words) by Nathan Dumont : oshw-logo-kicad-copper-10mm.mod Mechanical CAD Formats DXF file by Jonathan Greig : OSHW-Logo-R2000.dxf Antipixels Antipixels from Simone Marzulli , AKA Syxanash: oshw-logo-antipixel.png GIMP source files for antipixels: oshw-logo-antipixel.xcf Embroidered Badge DST file: OSHWLogo.dst , readme FAQ What is this? This is a list of various graphics files used by the designers of open source hardware. The open hardware "gear" logo may be used if your hardware complies with the Open Source Hardware Definition. Do you own the logo? Did you create it? OSHWA does not own the logo nor did we create it. The gear logo is CC-SA. The original designer of the open hardware logo is Macklin Chaffee, who won the community contest for the logo design in 2011. Macklin has been generous with allowing the community to use his design and license since 2011. How do I add a file to this site? Email OSHWA at info@oshwa.org . If you want attribution, please include your name and a link. Will you convert a file to another format for me? We unfortunately do not have capacity for that. What font was used in the original logo? Nova Mono from Google’s web font repository , but with the anti-aliasing adjusted in Photoshop. What is the color of the logo? CMYK: 100, 15, 30, 0 RGB: 0, 153, 176 Pantone: 3135C OSHW Logo on GitHub Become a Member Donate Newsletter | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DUMB DEV Community Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. 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We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DUMB DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DUMB DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # arduino Follow Hide Create Post Older #arduino posts 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Arduino Serial.parseInt 函式的運作方式 codemee codemee codemee Follow Oct 23 '24 Arduino Serial.parseInt 函式的運作方式 # arduino Comments Add Comment 2 min read Implementing I2C for the ATtiny85 Joshua Matthews Joshua Matthews Joshua Matthews Follow Nov 24 '24 Implementing I2C for the ATtiny85 # i2c # c # avr # arduino 13 reactions Comments Add Comment 16 min read the LivinGrimoire software design pattern owly owly owly Follow Sep 21 '24 the LivinGrimoire software design pattern # java # python # arduino # cpp Comments Add Comment 1 min read 用程式控制 Arduino UNO R4 WiFi 的 TX/RX 指示燈 codemee codemee codemee Follow Oct 15 '24 用程式控制 Arduino UNO R4 WiFi 的 TX/RX 指示燈 # arduino 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read LCD 1602 Keypad Shield: How do you feel? a.infosecflavour a.infosecflavour a.infosecflavour Follow Sep 27 '24 LCD 1602 Keypad Shield: How do you feel? # cpp # arduino # beginners # learning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read reading temperature and humidity data from dht11 sensor with arduino sly user sly user sly user Follow Aug 14 '24 reading temperature and humidity data from dht11 sensor with arduino # 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arduino # programming # iot # beginners 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Controlling a 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor with Arduino: A Step-by-Step Guide Akshay Jain Akshay Jain Akshay Jain Follow Jul 10 '24 Controlling a 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor with Arduino: A Step-by-Step Guide # arduino # electronics # diyelectronics # electronicsprojects Comments Add Comment 2 min read Master-Slave Communication Between Two Arduino Boards Akshay Jain Akshay Jain Akshay Jain Follow Jul 31 '24 Master-Slave Communication Between Two Arduino Boards # arduino # electronics # diyproject # tutorial 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 7 min read Coding an Arduino snake game using a TFT LCD screen Luis Felipe López Luis Felipe López Luis Felipe López Follow Jun 30 '24 Coding an Arduino snake game using a TFT LCD screen # gamedev # cpp # arduino # programming Comments Add Comment 24 min read DHT22 with MicroPython on ESP32 Bidut Sharkar Shemanto Bidut Sharkar Shemanto Bidut Sharkar Shemanto Follow Jun 20 '24 DHT22 with MicroPython on ESP32 # 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arduino # esp32 # windows # arduinoide 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Interface TTP223B Touch Sensor with Arduino Akshay Jain Akshay Jain Akshay Jain Follow May 15 '24 How to Interface TTP223B Touch Sensor with Arduino # arduino # diy # programming # coding Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why You Should Choose MicroPython for Prototyping and Research Work Bidut Sharkar Shemanto Bidut Sharkar Shemanto Bidut Sharkar Shemanto Follow Jun 18 '24 Why You Should Choose MicroPython for Prototyping and Research Work # iot # micropython # esp32 # arduino Comments Add Comment 2 min read Arduino un pas en electronique, un pas en informatique (Une passerelle entre l'électronique et l'informatique) christian birego christian birego christian birego Follow May 5 '24 Arduino un pas en electronique, un pas en informatique (Une passerelle entre l'électronique et l'informatique) # arduino # cpp # vscode # codenewbie Comments Add Comment 3 min read Arduino IDE 2 上傳檔案到 ESP32/ESP8266 的外掛 codemee codemee codemee Follow Jun 3 '24 Arduino IDE 2 上傳檔案到 ESP32/ESP8266 的外掛 # esp32 # arduino # esp8266 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Measure DC Voltage and Current with Arduino: A Step-by-Step Guide with Simple Code and LCD Display uchemma001 uchemma001 uchemma001 Follow May 27 '24 Measure DC Voltage and Current with Arduino: A Step-by-Step Guide with Simple Code and LCD Display # opensource # beginners # coding # arduino 14 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read Running I2C on Pro Micro (2) - Connecting with I2C puru puru puru Follow May 25 '24 Running I2C on Pro Micro (2) - Connecting with I2C # i2c # arduino # keyboard 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/olegkoval/33-million-accounts-exposed-what-the-conde-nast-breach-teaches-engineering-leaders-53on | 33 Million Accounts Exposed: What the Condé Nast Breach Teaches Engineering Leaders - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Ed Posted on Dec 28, 2025 • Originally published at olko.substack.com on Dec 28, 2025 33 Million Accounts Exposed: What the Condé Nast Breach Teaches Engineering Leaders # leadership # privacy # security Here’s what happened, what went wrong, and the concrete steps you should implement Monday morning. The Breach in Brief An attacker exploiting multiple vulnerabilities in Condé Nast’s systems exfiltrated data on 33 million user accounts across their publication portfolio - including WIRED, Vogue, The New Yorker, and others. The compromised data included email addresses, names, phone numbers, physical addresses, gender, and usernames. The attacker initially posed as a security researcher seeking responsible disclosure. When Condé Nast failed to respond for weeks, 2.3 million WIRED records ended up leaked publicly and indexed by Have I Been Pwned. As of this writing, Condé Nast has issued no public statement. [ ]( https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1765410845769-9c931a7728b7?fm=jpg&q=60&w=3000&ixlib=rb-4.1.0&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D ) Thanks for reading Olko - Tech/Engineering! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. Five Systemic Failures 1. No Vulnerability Disclosure Infrastructure Condé Nast—a multi-billion dollar media conglomerate—had no security.txt file. No clear process for reporting vulnerabilities. The attacker spent days trying to find someone to contact. This is inexcusable for any organization handling user data, let alone 33 million accounts. 2. Zero Response to Disclosure Attempts Multiple contact attempts via email and through WIRED staff went unanswered for weeks. The security team only engaged after a third-party blogger intervened repeatedly. This silence transformed a potential controlled disclosure into a public breach. 3. API Authorization Failures at Scale The vulnerabilities reportedly allowed attackers to view any account’s information and change any account’s email and password. This pattern—IDOR (Insecure Direct Object Reference) combined with broken access controls—suggests fundamental failures in API security architecture. When an attacker can enumerate 33 million records, you don’t have a vulnerability. You have an architectural deficiency. 4. No Rate Limiting or Anomaly Detection Downloading 33 million user records takes time and generates traffic. Either no monitoring existed, or alerts were ignored. Both scenarios indicate operational blind spots. 5. Post-Breach Silence Even after data appeared on breach forums and HIBP, Condé Nast issued no public acknowledgment. Users whose data was exposed learned about it from security bloggers, not the company entrusted with their information. Prevention Checklist for Engineering Leaders Disclosure Infrastructure (Implement This Week) Deploy a security.txt file at /.well-known/security.txt with contact email, PGP key, and expected response timeframe Establish a dedicated security@ alias routed to a monitored, triaged queue—not a black hole Define SLAs: acknowledge within 24 hours, triage within 72 hours, remediation timeline within 7 days Consider a vulnerability disclosure program (VDP) or bug bounty—even a modest one signals maturity API Security Architecture (Q1 Priority) Audit all endpoints for authorization checks: never rely on obscurity of IDs Implement rate limiting per endpoint, per user, and per IP—with graduated responses Enforce object-level authorization: every request must validate the authenticated user has permission to access the specific resource Deploy anomaly detection on bulk data access patterns: 33 million sequential reads should trigger alerts within minutes Incident Response Readiness Document and drill an incident response playbook quarterly Pre-draft breach notification templates for regulators and affected users—you won’t have time during a crisis Establish a cross-functional incident team: engineering, legal, communications, and executive sponsor Define escalation triggers and communication protocols before you need them Monitoring and Detection Log all authentication events, password changes, and bulk data access Alert on mass enumeration patterns: sequential ID access, unusual query volumes, scraping signatures Implement honeypot records in your database that trigger alerts when accessed Conduct purple team exercises: have your own team attempt exfiltration and measure detection time The Organizational Dimension Technical controls matter, but this breach also exposed cultural failures. When disclosure attempts go unanswered for weeks, it signals that security is someone else’s problem—or no one’s. Lead engineers must ensure that vulnerability reports reach people empowered to act, not bureaucratic dead ends. When breaches happen (and they will), the first hour matters. Having legal and communications aligned in advance isn’t optional. The absence of any public statement from Condé Nast isn’t prudent caution—it’s reputational damage compounding daily. What This Means for Your Organization The Condé Nast breach wasn’t caused by zero-days or nation-state actors. It was caused by missing basics: no disclosure process, unmonitored APIs, and organizational silence. If you’re a lead engineer or responsible person, ask yourself: Can a security researcher contact us easily right now? Would we know if someone was enumerating our user database? Do we have a communication plan ready for breach disclosure? If the answer to any of these is “no” or “I’m not sure,” you have work to do. The attackers aren’t getting less sophisticated. But in this case, they didn’t need to be. What’s your organization’s disclosure process? I’m curious how other engineering teams handle vulnerability reports—especially at scale. Drop a comment or reply. Leave a comment Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Ed Follow I am a Software Engineer, comfortable and experienced working with the back-end. Over several years of experience, developed a great sense for quality and best practices. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Paula Gearon Posted on Sep 28, 2022 • Edited on Jan 7, 2023 Classification # rdf # owl # sparql # rules My previous post showed how to use a reasoner like Pellet to make some interesting inferences about stated data. In that case, it demonstrated how a compound class could be determined with insufficient data to identify which of its components was satisfied. Interesting though it was, this was a contrived question made against data that was specifically designed for it, and required a complex reasoner that is limited in its ability to scale. Less contrived scenarios are more interesting, precisely because they can be applied to real-world data at scale. This leads to the question of what sorts of inferences are valid to make in OWL? Specification The OWL 2 specification describes the vocabulary and how this maps into Description Logic . Most of it is rather obtuse due to the need to provide a precise mathematical definition. Fortunately, a number of the concepts are relatively straightforward to follow. Indeed, many of the concepts can be codified into rules to be applied mechanically. Entailment The basic structure of most rules is a description of conditions that must be met by existing data, and new data that may be asserted. Mathematical logic describes this using the Horn Clause , and this has become the standard tool for logic programming systems as well. As an example, we can make a statement saying that all people are mortal, so if an individual is a person, they must be mortal: Mortal(X) :- Person(X). Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Here, I have described Person and Mortal as classes, and X as an individual. To read a Horn clause, the outcome is described first, given the conditions that come after the :- symbol. So the above says, "X is Mortal, if X is a Person". The outcome of the clause is referred to as the Head of the clause, while the conditions are referred to as the Body . Multiple necessary conditions may be described in the body by separating them with commas. For instance, if a person has a child, then they are a parent: Parent(X) :- Person(X), hasChild(X,Y). Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Note that the body now includes an entity Y who is not referred to in the head. A more mathematical approach for this statement might be: ∀x x∊Person: ∃y (x,y)∊hasChild Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode i.e. For all x where x is a person, there exists a y where relationship of x,y is a member of the role-relationship hasChild . Or, less strictly, for x where x is a person, there exists a y where x.hasChild.y To be honest, a lot of these notations are merely very precise and tedious way to express concepts that don't seem too difficult. But the precision allow mathematicians to eventually getting around to saying more interesting things, while proving that they got it right. RDF and SPARQL Data The Resource Description Framework (RDF) and RDF Schema (RDFS) were designed to describe classes and data in a form that can be managed by a computer. To declare the above classes we can say that the they are each instances of the schema type called Class , using Turtle syntax: @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix : <http://quoll.gearon.org/data/demo.ttl#> . : Person a rdfs: Class . : Mortal a rdfs: Class . : Parent a rdfs: Class . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The prefixes here will be used throughout this post. Strictly speaking, they should appear with each block of Turtle and each SPARQL query, but I will elide them for brevity. We can then use these classes to declare instances of data, say :mary and :jane : : mary a : Person . : jane a : Person . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode We can also declare the role :hasChild , and connect Mary and Jane with it: : hasChild a rfds: Property . : mary : hasChild : jane . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode There is a whole technology stack that can start working with this already, but for now, I'm going to stick to the Horn Clauses we've already discussed. Querying Mortality Let's consider the first clause: Mortal(X) :- Person(X). Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This means we are looking for all values of X that have a type of Person . Once we have those values for X , we want to declare that each X has a type of Mortal . We can create a graph based on this query: construct { ?x a : Mortal } where { ?x a : Person } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This would result in: : mary a : Mortal . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Alternatively, we could assert all this back in with the original data by saying insert rather than construct : insert { ?x a : Mortal } where { ?x a : Person } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode With either expression, the where clause describes the conditions for the body of the Horn Clause, and the insert or construct describes the head of the clause. Parenthood Similarly, we can look at the second clause again in order to convert it: Parent(X) :- Person(X), hasChild(X,Y). Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The two expressions in body will result in a pair of patterns in the where clause of the query: construct { ?x a : Parent } where { ?x a : Person . ?x : hasChild ?y } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This would result in: : mary a : Parent . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode RDFS Entailment The above rules are fine for a specific application, but they aren't generally useful. Instead, we'd like to be able to describe data with greater expressivity, and identify rules that can be applied more generally. In the early days of the Semantic Web, the W3C had planned on releasing RDF as a data model, along with an expressive language to describe that data. There was a lot of progress with prior systems like DAML , OIL and DAML+OIL , but getting the semantics of these systems fully defined and correct is a very difficult task, leading to the creation of each of these systems, which all attempted to correct the issues of their predecessors. These efforts culminated in the Web Ontology Language (OWL) which was formally released along with the first formal release of RDF in 2004. Prior to the formal releases of these standards, there was already a lot of RDF in use, which meant that there was a need to describe that data. While the complicated details of ontologies were being worked out, the working groups published a minimal vocabulary that could describe a taxonomy of classes and roles. This was first published as a draft for RDF Schema , or RDFS. Alongside RDFS came a set of "semantics" (a word that means "meaning") which described what the vocabulary meant when it said things. A blog post isn't the place to get into what I mean when I say, "Class" or "Role" (also called a "property"), but I expect that if you're reading this then you may already have an idea. Instead, I'm going to look at a few other elements of RDFS. Subclass Descriptions The first concept I'm going to consider is the "subclass". If individuals can be classified into a class, then a subclass is a refinement on that classification, resulting in a smaller group. Considering the classes we had earlier, we can see that all instances of :Person must be in the class :Mortal , but there is nothing that says that all :Mortal s must in the the class of :Person . So :Person is at most equal to :Mortal , and most likely a smaller group. One way to write this mathematically is: Person ⊑ Mortal Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This is essentially the same notation as "subset" ⊆, and it means the same sort of thing, just in relation to classes. RDFS expresses the same thing with the rdfs:subClassOf relationship: : Person rdfs: subClassOf : Mortal . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In a similar way, all Parents are Persons, but not all people are parents: Parent ⊑ Person Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode : Parent rdfs: subClassOf : Person . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Domain and Range Descriptions Whether we use the term "role", "property", "predicate" or "attribute", we are referring to some kind of relationship between things. Once we introduce relationships it starts being useful to declare what a type of things can be related to each other. For instance, hasChild is an interesting relationship to have between people, but is not typically associated with something like an item of furniture. RDFS uses the term "domain" to describe the class of things that a property can be applied to. For instance, the hasChild property can be applied to the class of Parent . This is declared with: : hasChild rdfs: domain : Parent . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In the same way, the things that a property can refer to are referred to as the "range": : hasChild rdfs: range : Person . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Note that only parents have children, but any person can be someone's child. Entailment We now have enough to start looking at some of the entailments defined by RDFS. Given that RDF uses an Open World Assumption (OWA) , RDFS never considers applying a property to something whose type does not match to be an error. One reason for this is because the data model can always have new data added, and it is presumed that this data will be consistent with whatever exists. One effect of this is that we can sometimes derive what that new data must be. For instance, say we introduce a new person: : jane : hasChild : kathy . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Until now, :jane has only been a :Person , but because :hasChild has a domain of :Parent we now know that Jane is also a parent. Similarly, we haven't seen Kathy before, but the appearance in this statement tells use that she is a person. We can codify these with rules: Parent(X) :- hasChild(X,Y). Person(Y) :- hasChild(X,Y). Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode But this is where having a vocabulary for describing the system becomes useful. Instead of describing rules for each property, we can base the rules on the vocabulary and create a more general form: C(X) :- rdfs:domain(P,C), P(X,Y). D(Y) :- rdfs:range(P,D), P(X,Y). Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Having variable predicates like this is often considered 2nd order logic, but in this case it's not really. It just looks like it is because of the syntax we use. Instead, I'll use the term that my supervisor called it: 1.5th order logic. To explain why this is not 2nd order logic, consider it this way: We may represent (subject,predicate,object) as predicate(subject,object) but a true Predicate-Logic representation would be with ternary predicates like: statement(subject,predicate,object) . This is not as useful for our purposes, and is aesthetically less inviting, but nevertheless more correct. Domain and Range Entailment The above rules can also be converted into SPARQL: construct { ?x a ?c } where { ?p rdfs : domain ?c . ?x ?p ?y } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode construct { ?y a ?d } where { ?p rdfs : range ?d . ?x ?p ?y } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The statements created from these queries are considered valid entailments from RDFS: : mary a : Parent . : jane a : Parent . : jane a : Person . : kathy a : Person . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Note that some of the entailed statements already exist. This is fine, as graphs are considered to be a set of edges, so duplicates are ignored. Subclass Entailment Subclass entailment can also be described using queries. In this case, there are two entailments to consider. We know that: :Person is a subclass of :Mortal , therefore all instances of :Person will be an instance of :Mortal . :Parent is a subclass of :Person , therefore all instances of :Parent will be an instance of :Person . Putting this together: Instances of :Parent must be instances of :Person . Instances of :Person must be instances of :Mortal . Therefore: instances of :Parent must be instances of :Mortal . The formal term for this is that rdfs:subClassOf is a transitive property. This is something that OWL describes explicitly, but I'll leave that for later. More succinctly: A ⊑ B ⊑ C ⊢ A ⊑ C Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Or as a Horn Clause: rdfs:subClassOf(A,C) :- rdfs:subClassOf(A,B), rdfs:subClassOf(B,C). Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can be evaluated in SPARQL with: construct { ?a rdfs : subClassOf ?c } where { ?a rdfs : subClassOf ?b . ?b rdfs : subClassOf ?c } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The next part is considering the instances. We've already stated that if an entity is an instance of a class, then it will also be an instance of whatever that class is a subclass of (also called the superclass , just like in software development): construct { ?x a ?d } where { ?x a ?c . ?c rdfs : subClassOf ?d } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode With all of these rules in place, suddenly we have: : Parent rdfs: subClassOf : Mortal . : mary a : Parent . : mary a : Mortal . : jane a : Parent . : jane a : Mortal . : kathy a : Person . : kathy a : Parent . : kathy a : Mortal . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Incidentally, both rdfs:domain and rdfs:range have a domain of rdf:Property and a range of rdfs:Class . So a full entailment regime means that we don't need to declare that :hasChild is a property, and we don't need to explicitly declare that any of our classes a rdfs:Class . I will sometimes include these declaration for the sake of clear documentation, but they're not needed. More Entailment The patterns of RDFS entailment are all described in the RDF Semantics specification , and collected in the section 9.2 of that document. The rules described above correspond to several of the RDFS Entailment patterns: # rdfs2 construct { ?x a ?c } where { ?p rdfs : domain ?c . ?x ?p ?y } # rdfs3 construct { ?y a ?d } where { ?p rdfs : range ?d . ?x ?p ?y } # rdfs11 construct { ?a rdfs : subClassOf ?c } where { ?a rdfs : subClassOf ?b . ?b rdfs : subClassOf ?c } # rdfs9 construct { ?x rdfs : subClassOf ?d } where { ?x a ?c . ?c rdfs : subClassOf ?d } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Using the patterns above, the process for converting all of the entailment patterns to executable rules takes very few steps. # rdfs1 construct { ?aaa a rdfs : Datatype } where { ?xxx ?yyy ?ddd FILTER isLiteral ( ?ddd ) BIND ( datatype ( ?ddd ) AS ?aaa )} # rdfs2 construct { ?yyy a ?xxx } where { ?aaa rdfs : domain ?xxx . ?yyy ?aaa ?zzz } # rdfs3 construct { ?zzz a ?xxx } where { ?aaa rdfs : range ?xxx . ?yyy ?aaa ?zzz } # rdfs4a construct { ?xxx a rdfs : Resource } where { ?xxx ?aaa ?yyy } # rdfs4b construct { ?yyy a rdfs : Resource } where { ?xxx ?aaa ?yyy FILTER ! isLiteral ( ?yyy )} # rdfs5 construct { ?xxx rdfs : subPropertyOf ?zzz } where { ?xxx rdfs : subPropertyOf ?yyy . ?yyy rdfs : subPropertyOf ?zzz } # rdfs6 construct { ?xxx rdfs : subPropertyOf ?xxx } where { ?xxx a rdf : Property } # rdfs7 construct { ?xxx ?bbb ?yyy } where { ?aaa rdfs : subPropertyOf ?bbb . ?xxx ?aaa ?yyy } # rdfs8 construct { ?xxx rdfs : subClassOf rdfs : Resource } where { ?xxx a rdfs : Class } # rdfs9 construct { ?zzz a ?yyy } where { ?xxx rdfs : subClassOf ?yyy . ?zzz a ?xxx } #rdfs10 construct { ?xxx rdfs : subClassOf ?xxx } where { ?xxx a rdfs : Class } # rdfs11 construct { ?xxx rdfs : subClassOf ?zzz } where { ?xxx rdfs : subClassOf ?yyy . ?yyy rdfs : subClassOf ?zzz } # rdfs12 construct { ?xxx rdfs : subPropertyOf rdfs : member } where { ?xxx a rdfs : ContainerMembershipProperty } # rdfs13 construct { ?xxx rdfs : subClassOf rdfs : Literal } where { ?xxx a rdfs : Datatype } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Executing them all together is a task for system that can coordinate the rules, and is typically tied to a specific database implementation though this is not necessary (e.g. Naga , though I have yet to port this to SPARQL). Was This Needed? Well… probably not. If you're reading this then maybe you already knew everything I had to say here. However, I also have more useful things to say, and I'm about to go on to say it. This further discussion will build on what I've discussed so far, and I wanted to establish a base of understanding before moving on. Next I continue this discussion in my next post... Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Paula Gearon Follow Just a girl, standing before a compiler, asking it to love her Location Spotsylvania, VA Education Computer Engineering. Physics. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Testing Follow Hide Find those bugs before your users do! 🐛 Create Post Older #testing posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu I built wordle for desktop but using my own GUI library! 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https://www.oshwa.org/resources/open-source-hardware-checklist | Open Source Hardware Checklist | OSHWA menu menu chevron_left home About Team Programs Community Membership Events OSHW 101 Documents and Policies Resources Announcements English Open Source Hardware Checklist Make sure your project is heading in the right direction! This checklist is made up from key points of the Open Source Hardware Definition and Best Practices for a quick reference guide to ensure your project is being properly labeled as Open Source Hardware. Does your hardware comply with the open source hardware definition? Have you allowed anyone to study, modify, distribute, make, and sell the hardware? If you used a Creative Commons license for your source files (documentation), did you choose options compatible with the definition? Non-Commercial and No Derivatives are not open source. Did you put the oshw logo on your hardware so people can easily identify it as open source hardware? (Strongly recommended) Do all company logos on the hardware belong to you? Do not infringe on trademarks! Are your source files in an easily attainable format? ! Are the source files publicly available online? Are your source files easy to find, for example, linked to from the product page? Have you documented your project in a way that people will be able to copy? Is your documentation free of charge? Have you included images in your documentation? (Strongly recommended) Are you emotionally prepared to allow your project to be copied? If not all parts/versions are open, have you clearly specified which portions of the design are being released as open source hardware and which are not? If you answered yes to all these questions, your project is considered open source hardware! Go to the oshw logo folder to download the open source hardware logo to use on your hardware. Download PDF Become a Member Donate Newsletter | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dumb.dev.to/privacy#12-contact-us | Privacy Policy - DUMB DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DUMB DEV Community Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DUMB DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DUMB DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/mwolfhoffman/supabase-vs-firebase-pricing-and-when-to-use-which-5hhp#firebase-has-more-features-for-now | Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Michael Wolf Hoffman Posted on Jan 22, 2022 Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which # sql # webdev # firebase # database Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which Supabase recently appeared on the scene as an attempt to be an open source alternative to Firebase. It's a great product and I've used it in many projects already. I've written about it here and here . The main difference between Supabase vs Firebase is that Supabase is a SQL database that utilized postgres and Firebase uses a NoSQL document data store. On my current side project I recently replaced Supabase for Firebase. I'll get into why and some of the pricing differences to consider. Consideration for Supabase vs Firebase Firebase has more features, for now For one, Firebase has been around much longer than Supabase and thus has more features. You can host your app on Firebase, you can also write cloud functions. (Currently I believe Supabase has cloud functions in beta). Both have great options for objects storage, authentication, and most things you will need as a backend as a service product. Also, while Supabase is not yet a perfect 1:1 mapping of Firebase, they do seem to be very quickly puting out new features to more closely match Firebase's offerings. SQL vs NoSQL This is a big one that I've been considering more. I enjoy relational data and my brain allows me to think about the relationships that SQL allows better than NoSQL document or key/value stores. I've been doing more of a deep dive into NoSQL and learning about how to structure data with it lately. With my research, I have decided that for small side projects and MVPs, I will be going with Firebase over Supabase if I truly don't need my data to be relational. NoSQL (firebase) can often be structured in a way that is more efficient than SQL. There are drawbacks however. Because you can't write complex queries and joins, you do have to consider how you might want to query your data in the future. This can be a difficult task. Once you have correctly anticipated the queries your application will need in the future, you actually duplicate that data into another document or collection in the NoSQL data store. Of course, now you have multiple places to update data too! This sounds like a headache, but with some practice it's actually pretty easy to catch on fast. After learning some more about how to structure documents in a NoSQL datastore, this performance and scalability is why I have decided that I will typically use Firebase over Supabase. The other reason is price. Pricing Another consideration for the Supabase vs Firebase debate is pricing. Both services offer a generous free tier. But what makes pricing considerations difficult is that scalability always has to be kept in mind. First, let's go over what each service offers for free in terms of a database and authentication (the two most used services by each) per month. Supabase: You get 3 free projects. You get 500 MB of storage. You get 10,000 users through their authentication service. Firebase: You get unlimited free projects. You get 1 GB of storage. You get 10,000 users through their authentication service. Firebase does charge for ingress and egress too. So you get 20,000 free writes per day and 50,000 free reads per day. Which to choose Ultimately, when I think about how my projects are going to scale (if they ever needed to) and what I am going to use them for, often NoSQL is just fine for my use cases and I get a better deal with Firebase. This is because my projects don't often scale to over 20,000 writes per day or 50,000 reads per day. And even if they do, the price is comparable with Supabase's next tier. This decision allows me to save my limited supabase free projects for when I really need a relational database. Top comments (6) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Rashim Narayan Tiku Rashim Narayan Tiku Rashim Narayan Tiku Follow Joined Jan 21, 2023 • Apr 4 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You haven't added the biggest price factor for Supabase which is "Bandwidth" and "DB scalability". "Bandwidth": You won't run out of MAUs or DB storage, but you would easily cross the 5gb bandwidth mark, after which 25$ plan is your only option. "DB scalability": Free tier gives you micro DB which has very less concurrent connections allowed, scaling it again will cost you paid plan + extra compute costs. Supabase have very smartly advertised to bring in customers, but you realize after you get in that "there's no such thing as a free lunch". Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand shaoyanji shaoyanji shaoyanji Follow Joined Mar 19, 2024 • Apr 21 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide pssssst....pocketbase Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nicolò Curioni Nicolò Curioni Nicolò Curioni Follow I’m an Italian iOS developer. Education Tradate (VA), Italy Work Full time iOS developer Joined Apr 14, 2022 • Apr 14 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, interesting post, but I have a question, I’m developing a diary app, for iOS/iPadOS and also macOS/watchOS, but I’m uncertain if use Firebase or Supabase. My app let the end user’s to edit the note content, with textView text styles, like different colors, fonts, formats and also add images inside the text, but, can I use Firebase or Supabase? Have you some advice’s? Thanks, Nicolò Curioni iOS Developer Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Matthew Harris Matthew Harris Matthew Harris Follow Aspiring Ionic app developer Location Digital Nomad Work Developer at Self Employed Joined Jul 9, 2019 • Sep 3 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes you can store both easily. There is a limitation with the nosql firebase that each record can be a maximum of 1mb (I think thats the limit). That is a ton of text to allow per note but its worth considering. You can also split a document over multiple records with a bit of creative coding, if you do need to go beyond those extreme limits. If you want to learn more about strategies for nosql I would recommend looking up Fireship on YouTube who has some good videos. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand neonitus neonitus neonitus Follow Joined Aug 20, 2023 • Aug 20 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, Thanks for the post. I however have a question about authentication. If my app uses social authentication, firebase offers only 50k MAU while the pro plan for Supabase offers 100K MAUs. Would you then prefer to use Supabase Auth and Firestore DB? How would you approach this problem where you are going to have a lot of users using the app(+100,000 per month) and you want the power of RDBMS because you want to build an analytical platform for your app and app transactions? Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand codingjlu codingjlu codingjlu Follow Joined Jun 15, 2021 • May 29 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for the great article! I was searching this on Google because I wanted to see the pricing comparison, and you've covered that just well. Thanks again! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Location Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Work Software Engineer Joined Apr 30, 2020 More from Michael Wolf Hoffman Where to Publish Plugins, Add-ons, and Extensions for Software Engineers and Entrepreneurs # webdev # startup # saas # career How to Use React + Supabase Pt 2: Working with the Database # react # webdev # javascript # programming How To Use React + Supabase Pt 1: Setting Up a Project and Supabase Authentication # react # webdev # javascript # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # ui Follow Hide Tag dedicated to posts about user interface. Tips, tricks, techniques, approaches, etc. Create Post submission guidelines Just be respectful and make sure that your post actually talks about UI, rather than just mention it in passing. Older #ui posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Button UI Basics Every Designer Should Know Design Monks Design Monks Design Monks Follow Dec 9 '25 Button UI Basics Every Designer Should Know # ui # webdev # uxdesign # uiweekly Comments Add Comment 2 min read Release 0.4- Progress kkrishnan10 kkrishnan10 kkrishnan10 Follow Dec 9 '25 Release 0.4- Progress # ui # json # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read Anatomy of an Effective SaaS Navigation Menu Design Lollypop Design Lollypop Design Lollypop Design Follow Dec 9 '25 Anatomy of an Effective SaaS Navigation Menu Design # saas # ux # design # ui 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read Building a Modern Android UI Stack with Jetpack Compose (Senior Guide ViO Tech ViO Tech ViO Tech Follow Dec 30 '25 Building a Modern Android UI Stack with Jetpack Compose (Senior Guide # architecture # android # ui # kotlin 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Exploring Dark Mode Web Design: Why It Matters and How to Do It Right prateekshaweb prateekshaweb prateekshaweb Follow Dec 19 '25 Exploring Dark Mode Web Design: Why It Matters and How to Do It Right # ux # ui # design # a11y Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why the Liquid Glass UI Trend Is Getting So Much Attention? Design Monks Design Monks Design Monks Follow Dec 4 '25 Why the Liquid Glass UI Trend Is Getting So Much Attention? # ai # uidesign # ui # liquidglassui Comments Add Comment 3 min read Display Rupiah Values Beautifully with formatCompact() Adamm Adamm Adamm Follow Dec 17 '25 Display Rupiah Values Beautifully with formatCompact() # typescript # indonesia # opensource # ui Comments Add Comment 4 min read 🚆 Nouvelles fonctionnalités sur mon site d'horaires SNCF en temps réel ! 🛠️ Guillaume Sere Guillaume Sere Guillaume Sere Follow Dec 5 '25 🚆 Nouvelles fonctionnalités sur mon site d'horaires SNCF en temps réel ! 🛠️ # api # ui # javascript # devops Comments Add Comment 1 min read 10 UI UX Principles That Will Transform Your Design Process Taqwah Taqwah Taqwah Follow Dec 17 '25 10 UI UX Principles That Will Transform Your Design Process # ui # uidesign # ux # uxdesign Comments Add Comment 8 min read Building an Open-Source Icon Library with AIVector: A Practical Workflow Verity Gray Verity Gray Verity Gray Follow Dec 4 '25 Building an Open-Source Icon Library with AIVector: A Practical Workflow # ai # tutorial # ui # opensource 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read Composable UI Contracts: An Algebraic approach to layout, style and interaction Dario Mannu Dario Mannu Dario Mannu Follow Jan 5 Composable UI Contracts: An Algebraic approach to layout, style and interaction # css # ui # frontend # computerscience 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read How UI/UX Design Turns Visitors Into Paying Customers Taqwah Taqwah Taqwah Follow Dec 2 '25 How UI/UX Design Turns Visitors Into Paying Customers # ui # uxdesign # ux Comments Add Comment 6 min read Modern Web UI ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Dec 1 '25 Modern Web UI # frontend # css # ui # performance 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read AR in Banking Branches: Using Overlays to Explain Complex Financial Products prateekshaweb prateekshaweb prateekshaweb Follow Dec 1 '25 AR in Banking Branches: Using Overlays to Explain Complex Financial Products # softwaredevelopment # ui # ux Comments Add Comment 3 min read I built a romantic app to surprise my wife. See what I learned from it. Jonatã Oliveira Jonatã Oliveira Jonatã Oliveira Follow Dec 29 '25 I built a romantic app to surprise my wife. See what I learned from it. # programming # mobile # ux # ui 15 reactions Comments 3 comments 4 min read Implementasi Visual Design & UX pada FIMO: Analisis Heuristik, Benchmarking, dan Evolusi Desain Maulana Seto Maulana Seto Maulana Seto Follow Dec 12 '25 Implementasi Visual Design & UX pada FIMO: Analisis Heuristik, Benchmarking, dan Evolusi Desain # webdev # ui # ux # frontend 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Experimenting with Javelit - The Streamlit for Java bsorrentino bsorrentino bsorrentino Follow Dec 20 '25 Experimenting with Javelit - The Streamlit for Java # java # ui # ux # javelit Comments Add Comment 4 min read The Developer's Guide to Stunning UI: How to Build Without a Designer kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad Follow Dec 31 '25 The Developer's Guide to Stunning UI: How to Build Without a Designer # webdev # ai # design # ui 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 21 min read 🛠 Fixing a Real UI Bug in PrimeReact: My Open Source Contribution Journey Rohan Satkar | Coderxrohan Rohan Satkar | Coderxrohan Rohan Satkar | Coderxrohan Follow Dec 31 '25 🛠 Fixing a Real UI Bug in PrimeReact: My Open Source Contribution Journey # ui # css # opensource # react 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Build Apple-Style Glassmorphic UI in SwiftUI Sebastien Lato Sebastien Lato Sebastien Lato Follow Nov 26 '25 How to Build Apple-Style Glassmorphic UI in SwiftUI # swift # swiftui # ios # ui Comments Add Comment 2 min read Stop Wrestling with React Icons - Meet Iconx: Your New Icon Workflow Eelco Wiersma Eelco Wiersma Eelco Wiersma Follow Nov 26 '25 Stop Wrestling with React Icons - Meet Iconx: Your New Icon Workflow # ui # productivity # react # tooling Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to Build Modern Parallax & Scroll Effects in SwiftUI Sebastien Lato Sebastien Lato Sebastien Lato Follow Nov 25 '25 How to Build Modern Parallax & Scroll Effects in SwiftUI # swiftui # ui # animation # ios Comments Add Comment 2 min read ✨ Introducing data2ui | turn any JSON into a clear, navigable UI Jorge Arraga Jorge Arraga Jorge Arraga Follow Nov 30 '25 ✨ Introducing data2ui | turn any JSON into a clear, navigable UI # ui # json # data # tooling Comments Add Comment 1 min read Don't Make Them Think: Designing Intuitive UIs for Complex Data Engines wwx516 wwx516 wwx516 Follow Dec 9 '25 Don't Make Them Think: Designing Intuitive UIs for Complex Data Engines # ux # design # ui # datascience 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Prototipagem rápida com Figma Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Nov 27 '25 Prototipagem rápida com Figma # ux # design # ui # tooling 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close C++ Follow Hide Official tag for the C++ programming language. Create Post submission guidelines Articles and discussions should be directly related to the C++ programming language. (Not to be confused with C (#c) , Objective C (#objectivec) , or C# (#csharp) ) Questions are encouraged! (See the #help tag) Be careful when criticizing C++ as a language or platform; most such complaints are old news. Criticisms are permitted, but please keep such discussions polite and objective. about #cpp C++ is a compiled programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1985. It offers features of imperative, object-oriented, and generic programming. The current language standard is C++20 . Documentation cppreference.com CPlusPlus.com Compilers Clang/LLVM GCC Microsoft Visual C++ Complete list... Older #cpp posts 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu assigment operator haqida malumot thequvonc thequvonc thequvonc Follow Dec 23 '22 assigment operator haqida malumot # cpp # beginners # programming 4 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read 2 sonidan iborat tortburchak yaratish! thequvonc thequvonc thequvonc Follow Dec 23 '22 2 sonidan iborat tortburchak yaratish! # beginners # cpp # programming 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to use PyTorch from Perl? Yuki Kimoto Yuki Kimoto Yuki Kimoto Follow Dec 23 '22 How to use PyTorch from Perl? # perl # python # cpp # machinelearning 6 reactions Comments 2 comments 1 min read C++ Abror_7 Abror_7 Abror_7 Follow Dec 21 '22 C++ # programming # cpp 4 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read Operating System Development Series Part 1: Building a GCC cross compiler for i386 target on an M1 MacBook Asuzu Kosisochukwu Asuzu Kosisochukwu Asuzu Kosisochukwu Follow Dec 21 '22 Operating System Development Series Part 1: Building a GCC cross compiler for i386 target on an M1 MacBook # cpp # c # systems 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read Class templates versus constructor templates Sandor Dargo Sandor Dargo Sandor Dargo Follow Dec 21 '22 Class templates versus constructor templates # cpp # templates # metaprogramming 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read c ++ 7-Dars. Jafar9442 Jafar9442 Jafar9442 Follow Dec 20 '22 c ++ 7-Dars. # programming # cpp # tutorial 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read c++ da 2-Dars thequvonc thequvonc thequvonc Follow Dec 20 '22 c++ da 2-Dars # cpp # beginners 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read ReductStore Client SDK for C++ v1.2.0 Alexey Timin Alexey Timin Alexey Timin Follow for ReductStore Dec 20 '22 ReductStore Client SDK for C++ v1.2.0 # news # cpp # tutorial # database 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read C++ Software Design by Klaus Iglberger Sandor Dargo Sandor Dargo Sandor Dargo Follow Dec 17 '22 C++ Software Design by Klaus Iglberger # cpp # architecture # designpatterns # books 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read c++ ga kirish! Quvonchbek Quvonchbek Quvonchbek Follow Dec 17 '22 c++ ga kirish! # beginners # cpp 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to integrate ReductStore to your C++ application Alexey Timin Alexey Timin Alexey Timin Follow for ReductStore Dec 17 '22 How to integrate ReductStore to your C++ application # cpp # tutorial # beginners # reductstorage 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Using OpenMPI for Parallel Processing of Text Files Roshan Chokshi Roshan Chokshi Roshan Chokshi Follow Dec 17 '22 Using OpenMPI for Parallel Processing of Text Files # openmpi # distributedsystems # cpp # programming 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Biz spp organishni boshladik abdulaziznazirov abdulaziznazirov abdulaziznazirov Follow Dec 16 '22 Biz spp organishni boshladik # discuss # cpp # programming # productivity 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read C++ dagi 6-dars AbrorAbdulboriyev AbrorAbdulboriyev AbrorAbdulboriyev Follow Nov 15 '22 C++ dagi 6-dars # beginners # programming # tutorial # cpp 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Getting started with Swift-C++ interop Konstantin Semianov Konstantin Semianov Konstantin Semianov Follow Dec 14 '22 Getting started with Swift-C++ interop # swift # cpp # interop 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read VSCode & GitHub Codespaces for my Python playground Giorgio Boa Giorgio Boa Giorgio Boa Follow for This is Learning Dec 10 '22 VSCode & GitHub Codespaces for my Python playground # programming # beginners # cpp 36 reactions Comments 8 comments 3 min read The SYSTEM property from CMake 3.25 Pierre Gradot Pierre Gradot Pierre Gradot Follow Dec 9 '22 The SYSTEM property from CMake 3.25 # todayilearned # cpp # programming # cmake 6 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read C++ (Cross-Platform) Predefined Library Maysara Maysara Maysara Follow Nov 5 '22 C++ (Cross-Platform) Predefined Library # cpp 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read AOC 2022 Day 2: Rock Paper Scissors 10x learner 10x learner 10x learner Follow Dec 13 '22 AOC 2022 Day 2: Rock Paper Scissors # adventofcode # puzzle # programming # cpp 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Learn ECMAScript 6 from Beginner to advanced 🚀 Ernesto Herrera Ernesto Herrera Ernesto Herrera Follow Dec 7 '22 Learn ECMAScript 6 from Beginner to advanced 🚀 # rust # cpp # programming 8 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read AOC 2022 Day 1: Calorie Counting 10x learner 10x learner 10x learner Follow Dec 7 '22 AOC 2022 Day 1: Calorie Counting # adventofcode # cpp # puzzle # programming Comments Add Comment 5 min read Starting with C++ Zaynul Abedin Miah Zaynul Abedin Miah Zaynul Abedin Miah Follow Dec 6 '22 Starting with C++ # cpp # beginners # tutorial # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read 5 Movies that are a must-watch for Developers Nomadev Nomadev Nomadev Follow Dec 3 '22 5 Movies that are a must-watch for Developers # cpp # javascript # beginners # react 54 reactions Comments 9 comments 3 min read A tutorial for accessing C/C++ functions within a shared library (.dll/.so/.dylib) from Rust Srikanth Anantharam Srikanth Anantharam Srikanth Anantharam Follow Dec 4 '22 A tutorial for accessing C/C++ functions within a shared library (.dll/.so/.dylib) from Rust # rust # cpp # c # ffi 18 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close C++ Follow Hide Official tag for the C++ programming language. Create Post submission guidelines Articles and discussions should be directly related to the C++ programming language. (Not to be confused with C (#c) , Objective C (#objectivec) , or C# (#csharp) ) Questions are encouraged! (See the #help tag) Be careful when criticizing C++ as a language or platform; most such complaints are old news. Criticisms are permitted, but please keep such discussions polite and objective. about #cpp C++ is a compiled programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1985. It offers features of imperative, object-oriented, and generic programming. The current language standard is C++20 . Documentation cppreference.com CPlusPlus.com Compilers Clang/LLVM GCC Microsoft Visual C++ Complete list... Older #cpp posts 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Building Intelligent Game AI with CXXGraph: From Grid Pathfinding to Strategic Navigation ZigRazor ZigRazor ZigRazor Follow Nov 11 '25 Building Intelligent Game AI with CXXGraph: From Grid Pathfinding to Strategic Navigation # cpp # graphs # algorithms # opensource 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 12 min read Code legacy: Analyzing Erlang's C and C++ modules that have been running for decades Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Follow Nov 12 '25 Code legacy: Analyzing Erlang's C and C++ modules that have been running for decades # cpp # programming # erlang # opensource Comments Add Comment 21 min read Box of bugs (exploded): Perils of cross-platform development Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Follow Nov 11 '25 Box of bugs (exploded): Perils of cross-platform development # cpp # 86box # microsoft # programming Comments Add Comment 8 min read From TCP Sockets to Thread Pools - Building a Production Grade Web Framework Prakash Dass Prakash Dass Prakash Dass Follow Nov 9 '25 From TCP Sockets to Thread Pools - Building a Production Grade Web Framework # backend # networking # architecture # cpp Comments Add Comment 6 min read From TCP Sockets to Thread Pools - Building a Production Grade C++ Web Framework Prakash Dass Prakash Dass Prakash Dass Follow Nov 9 '25 From TCP Sockets to Thread Pools - Building a Production Grade C++ Web Framework # architecture # cpp # networking # systems Comments Add Comment 11 min read Accelerating LLM Inference: How C++, ONNX, and llama.cpp Power Efficient AI Dharaneesh Boobalan Dharaneesh Boobalan Dharaneesh Boobalan Follow Nov 9 '25 Accelerating LLM Inference: How C++, ONNX, and llama.cpp Power Efficient AI # ai # cpp # onnx # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 4 min read MAWA - A language as simple as Python but as powerful as Assembler, modern ASM but much simpler Samuel Leonardo Samuel Leonardo Samuel Leonardo Follow Dec 10 '25 MAWA - A language as simple as Python but as powerful as Assembler, modern ASM but much simpler # c # cpp # assembly # python 5 reactions Comments 26 comments 3 min read Herança João Pedro V João Pedro V João Pedro V Follow Dec 1 '25 Herança # computerscience # cpp # oop 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building a Social Network Analyzer with CXXGraph: From Friend Recommendations to Influence Detection ZigRazor ZigRazor ZigRazor Follow Nov 12 '25 Building a Social Network Analyzer with CXXGraph: From Friend Recommendations to Influence Detection # cpp # graphs # algorithms # opensource 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 35 min read Rasterizer Project - Part: BASIC_END NoticeableSmeh NoticeableSmeh NoticeableSmeh Follow Nov 7 '25 Rasterizer Project - Part: BASIC_END # cpp # graphics # learning # gamedev Comments Add Comment 4 min read Day 11 : C++ Language | String Concatenation | Part -2 Mehfila A Parkkulthil Mehfila A Parkkulthil Mehfila A Parkkulthil Follow Nov 8 '25 Day 11 : C++ Language | String Concatenation | Part -2 # cpp # coding # dsa # string 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read STL Algorithms in C++: From Beginner to Expert Oleg Goncharov Oleg Goncharov Oleg Goncharov Follow Nov 6 '25 STL Algorithms in C++: From Beginner to Expert # cpp # stl # algorithms Comments Add Comment 11 min read Optional Is Not Optional in C++ (and Definitely Not a Pointer) Kyrylo Rud Kyrylo Rud Kyrylo Rud Follow Nov 5 '25 Optional Is Not Optional in C++ (and Definitely Not a Pointer) # cpp # moderncpp # programming # coding Comments Add Comment 4 min read Breaking the Lock: Boosting Multithreaded Performance with Atomics Tamar E Tamar E Tamar E Follow Dec 9 '25 Breaking the Lock: Boosting Multithreaded Performance with Atomics # cpp # multithreading # performance # atomic 12 reactions Comments 5 comments 5 min read Rasterizer Project - Part 4: Triceratops Wireframe NoticeableSmeh NoticeableSmeh NoticeableSmeh Follow Nov 5 '25 Rasterizer Project - Part 4: Triceratops Wireframe # gamedev # cpp # graphics # learning Comments Add Comment 4 min read Advent of Code 2025 - December 9th Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Follow Dec 9 '25 Advent of Code 2025 - December 9th # advent # adventofcode # cpp # 2025 Comments Add Comment 3 min read # 🧰 C++ STL Reference Sheet Suryakant Maurya Suryakant Maurya Suryakant Maurya Follow Nov 4 '25 # 🧰 C++ STL Reference Sheet # cpp # dsa # algorithms # stl Comments Add Comment 2 min read Introducing Spira - Making a Shell #0 Ethan Ethan Ethan Follow Nov 3 '25 Introducing Spira - Making a Shell #0 # systems # cpp # programming # github Comments Add Comment 1 min read Smart_Store API Guide: Exporting and Importing with Confidence Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel Victor Follow Nov 2 '25 Smart_Store API Guide: Exporting and Importing with Confidence # cpp # architecture # productivity # opensource 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Rasterizer Project - Part 3: Geometry NoticeableSmeh NoticeableSmeh NoticeableSmeh Follow Nov 1 '25 Rasterizer Project - Part 3: Geometry # cpp # learning # graphics # gamedev Comments Add Comment 5 min read std::vector: From Basics to Implementation Intricacies Oleg Goncharov Oleg Goncharov Oleg Goncharov Follow Nov 5 '25 std::vector: From Basics to Implementation Intricacies # cpp # containers # memory # bestpractices Comments Add Comment 20 min read Autark: Rethinking build systems – Integrate, Don’t Outsource Adamansky Anton Adamansky Anton Adamansky Anton Follow Nov 5 '25 Autark: Rethinking build systems – Integrate, Don’t Outsource # cmake # make # c # cpp Comments 1 comment 6 min read Modern C++ vs. The World: How Would Your Language Parse a Word Document? Krzysztof Nowicki Krzysztof Nowicki Krzysztof Nowicki Follow Dec 3 '25 Modern C++ vs. The World: How Would Your Language Parse a Word Document? # showdev # cpp # programming # beginners 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 1 min read CMake Intro Minwook Je Minwook Je Minwook Je Follow Nov 3 '25 CMake Intro # cpp Comments Add Comment 3 min read C++ development with Docker + VSCode Tenry Tenry Tenry Follow Nov 2 '25 C++ development with Docker + VSCode # cpp # docker # vscode 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dumb.dev.to/privacy#7-retention-of-personal-information | Privacy Policy - DUMB DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DUMB DEV Community Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DUMB DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DUMB DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dumb.dev.to/privacy#1-what-does-this-privacy-policy-apply-to | Privacy Policy - DUMB DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DUMB DEV Community Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DUMB DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DUMB DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Productivity Follow Hide Productivity includes tips on how to use tools and software, process optimization, useful references, experience, and mindstate optimization. Create Post submission guidelines Please check if your article contains information or discussion bases about productivity. From posts with the tag #productivity we expect tips on how to use tools and software, process optimization, useful references, experience, and mindstate optimization. Productivity is a very broad term with many aspects and topics. From the color design of the office to personal rituals, anything can contribute to increase / optimize your own productivity or that of a team. about #productivity Does my article fit the tag? It depends! Productivity is a very broad term with many aspects and topics. From the color design of the office to personal rituals, anything can contribute to increase / optimize your own productivity or that of a team. Older #productivity posts 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Small SEO Experiments I Ran on Simple Utility Websites Olivia Olivia Olivia Follow Jan 4 Small SEO Experiments I Ran on Simple Utility Websites # productivity # seo # webdev # indiehackers 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 4: Untill I Get An Internship At Google Venkata Sugunadithya Venkata Sugunadithya Venkata Sugunadithya Follow Jan 4 Day 4: Untill I Get An Internship At Google # beginners # machinelearning # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why I Don’t Keep Session Logs for AI Collaboration synthaicode synthaicode synthaicode Follow Jan 4 Why I Don’t Keep Session Logs for AI Collaboration # documentation # ai # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read 6 Claude 4.5 Best Practices That Changed How I Work Sean K Sean K Sean K Follow Jan 4 6 Claude 4.5 Best Practices That Changed How I Work # ai # productivity # programming Comments Add Comment 2 min read ToolBox Pro: Thousands of Free Online Tools – All-in-One Efficient Web Toolkit Winter Grady Winter Grady Winter Grady Follow Jan 5 ToolBox Pro: Thousands of Free Online Tools – All-in-One Efficient Web Toolkit # webdev # javascript # productivity # html Comments Add Comment 3 min read Flay the Fantasy: How I Stopped Betting My Future on Every Line of Code (And Started Shipping Like Crazy in 2026) ilya rahnavard ilya rahnavard ilya rahnavard Follow Jan 4 Flay the Fantasy: How I Stopped Betting My Future on Every Line of Code (And Started Shipping Like Crazy in 2026) # devchallenge # productivity # midnightchallenge # career Comments Add Comment 3 min read Roles in a Scrum Team - Explained with Sketchnotes Dietmar Fiesel Dietmar Fiesel Dietmar Fiesel Follow Jan 5 Roles in a Scrum Team - Explained with Sketchnotes # beginners # management # productivity # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🚀 Boost Your CV with AI: How VitaeBoost Helps You Stand Out Coder Coder Coder Follow Jan 5 🚀 Boost Your CV with AI: How VitaeBoost Helps You Stand Out # ai # career # resume # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read 5 Essential Features of a Productivity App in 2026 Anas Kayssi Anas Kayssi Anas Kayssi Follow Jan 10 5 Essential Features of a Productivity App in 2026 # productivity # softwaredevelopment # techtools # workflow Comments Add Comment 7 min read Beyond CI/CD: The 5 DevOps Pillars You Need to Master in 2026 Meena Nukala Meena Nukala Meena Nukala Follow Jan 4 Beyond CI/CD: The 5 DevOps Pillars You Need to Master in 2026 # devops # ai # productivity # cicd Comments Add Comment 2 min read Cloud and you Vishal Thakkar Vishal Thakkar Vishal Thakkar Follow Jan 4 Cloud and you # cloud # productivity # tooling Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to automatically add bookmarks to a PDF? Stone Stone Stone Follow Jan 3 How to automatically add bookmarks to a PDF? # pdf # resources # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read 365 Days, 2,010 Contributions: What I Learned from a Year of Zero Missed Days Md Mohosin Ali Shah Md Mohosin Ali Shah Md Mohosin Ali Shah Follow Jan 4 365 Days, 2,010 Contributions: What I Learned from a Year of Zero Missed Days # webdev # programming # productivity # career Comments Add Comment 2 min read FileMate Pro – Next-Gen File Explorer in Python 🗂️✨ Mate Technologies Mate Technologies Mate Technologies Follow Jan 3 FileMate Pro – Next-Gen File Explorer in Python 🗂️✨ # python # tkinter # opensource # productivity Comments Add Comment 8 min read Memento: Give Claude Code Persistent Memory So You Stop Repeating Yourself Sean K Sean K Sean K Follow Jan 3 Memento: Give Claude Code Persistent Memory So You Stop Repeating Yourself # ai # claude # productivity # opensource Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building a "Personal System Layer" to Bridge Windows and Mac UnfIx UnfIx UnfIx Follow Jan 4 Building a "Personal System Layer" to Bridge Windows and Mac # discuss # productivity # rust # showdev Comments Add Comment 1 min read Modularização em Arquitetura de Software: Guia Prático para Desenvolvedores Wagner Negrão 👨🔧 Wagner Negrão 👨🔧 Wagner Negrão 👨🔧 Follow Jan 6 Modularização em Arquitetura de Software: Guia Prático para Desenvolvedores # programming # productivity # architecture # backend Comments Add Comment 7 min read Rork vs Lovable: where beginners actually get stuck Gonenc Celik Gonenc Celik Gonenc Celik Follow Jan 3 Rork vs Lovable: where beginners actually get stuck # ai # beginners # productivity # tooling Comments Add Comment 3 min read 2025: A Year of Character Development, Lived with Intention Yodit Weldegeorgise Yodit Weldegeorgise Yodit Weldegeorgise Follow Jan 5 2025: A Year of Character Development, Lived with Intention # aws # devjournal # learning # productivity 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Creating a Reliable VS Code Task for New DEV.to Posts (Windows + PowerShell) Janko Janko Janko Follow Jan 3 Creating a Reliable VS Code Task for New DEV.to Posts (Windows + PowerShell) # vscode # productivity # shortcut # devto Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why Minimum Viable Products Fail and What High-Growth Teams Do Differently Aspire Softserv Aspire Softserv Aspire Softserv Follow Jan 5 Why Minimum Viable Products Fail and What High-Growth Teams Do Differently # leadership # product # productivity # startup Comments Add Comment 6 min read What I focus on here gijo joseph gijo joseph gijo joseph Follow Jan 4 What I focus on here # ai # buildinpublic # productivity # tooling Comments Add Comment 1 min read From Coding at 12 to Building AI Projects: My Developer Journey SULTAN SALAUDDIN ANSARI SULTAN SALAUDDIN ANSARI SULTAN SALAUDDIN ANSARI Follow Jan 4 From Coding at 12 to Building AI Projects: My Developer Journey # webdev # programming # ai # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Death of "Vibe-Coding" & the Return of the Senior SRE Meena Nukala Meena Nukala Meena Nukala Follow Jan 3 The Death of "Vibe-Coding" & the Return of the Senior SRE # devops # sre # coding # productivity 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Do you actually keep your portfolio site updated? naveen gaur naveen gaur naveen gaur Follow Jan 3 Do you actually keep your portfolio site updated? # discuss # career # productivity # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
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Right menu Identify AWS Technical Resources And AWS Support Options Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 8 Identify AWS Technical Resources And AWS Support Options # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 4 min read Technologies and Concepts: Cloud Practitioner (CLF-C02) Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 8 Technologies and Concepts: Cloud Practitioner (CLF-C02) # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 2 min read Identify Services From Other In-Scope AWS Service Categories Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 7 Identify Services From Other In-Scope AWS Service Categories # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 5 min read Compare AWS Pricing Models Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 7 Compare AWS Pricing Models # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 4 min read Identify AWS Network Services Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 5 Identify AWS Network Services # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 4 min read Identify AWS Storage Services Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 6 Identify AWS Storage Services # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 3 min read My Cloud Practitioner Certification Journey and the Resources to Certify with Confidence Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 9 My Cloud Practitioner Certification Journey and the Resources to Certify with Confidence # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 10 min read Define the AWS Global Infrastructure Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 4 Define the AWS Global Infrastructure # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 4 min read 2026 - Cloud Year Vishal Thakkar Vishal Thakkar Vishal Thakkar Follow Jan 2 2026 - Cloud Year # cloud # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 2 min read Identify AWS Access Management Capabilities Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 2 Identify AWS Access Management Capabilities # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 4 min read Understand Resources For Billing, Budget, and Cost Management Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 7 Understand Resources For Billing, Budget, and Cost Management # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 3 min read Identify AWS Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) Services And Analytics Services Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 6 Identify AWS Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) Services And Analytics Services # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 2 min read Identify AWS Compute Services Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 4 Identify AWS Compute Services # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Define Methods of Deploying and Operating in the AWS Cloud Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 3 Define Methods of Deploying and Operating in the AWS Cloud # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Understand AWS Cloud Security, Governance, and Compliance Concepts Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 2 Understand AWS Cloud Security, Governance, and Compliance Concepts # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Understand the AWS Shared Responsibility Model Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 1 Understand the AWS Shared Responsibility Model # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 3 min read Relearning How to Learn: Preparing for AWS Certifications with ADHD Andrew Kalik Andrew Kalik Andrew Kalik Follow Dec 27 '25 Relearning How to Learn: Preparing for AWS Certifications with ADHD # aws # certification # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 3 min read Understand the Benefits of and Strategies for Migration to the AWS Cloud Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 30 '25 Understand the Benefits of and Strategies for Migration to the AWS Cloud # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 2 min read Understand Concepts of Cloud Economics Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 31 '25 Understand Concepts of Cloud Economics # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Identify AWS Database Services Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 5 Identify AWS Database Services # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 3 min read Identify Design Principles of the AWS Cloud Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 28 '25 Identify Design Principles of the AWS Cloud # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Define the Benefits of the AWS Cloud Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 27 '25 Define the Benefits of the AWS Cloud # aws # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner # cloud Comments Add Comment 2 min read Turning Rejection Into Motivation: My Journey to Cloud Engineering Jino Butaslac Jino Butaslac Jino Butaslac Follow Sep 25 '25 Turning Rejection Into Motivation: My Journey to Cloud Engineering # cloudpractitioner # beginners # awschallenge Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🚛Logistics Administration: A Step-by-Step Daily Workflow with Linux🚛 Ajayi Daniel Ajayi Daniel Ajayi Daniel Follow Sep 24 '25 🚛Logistics Administration: A Step-by-Step Daily Workflow with Linux🚛 # cloud # cloudcomputing # linux # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why Cloud Incident Response is Critical for DevOps and IT Teams Md. Fahim Bin Amin Md. Fahim Bin Amin Md. Fahim Bin Amin Follow Oct 4 '25 Why Cloud Incident Response is Critical for DevOps and IT Teams # cloud # devops # cloudpractitioner 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read loading... trending guides/resources Understand AWS Cloud Security, Governance, and Compliance Concepts Identify Design Principles of the AWS Cloud Understand the AWS Shared Responsibility Model Identify AWS Compute Services Define the Benefits of the AWS Cloud Understand Concepts of Cloud Economics Identify AWS Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) Services And Analytics Services Understand the Benefits of and Strategies for Migration to the AWS Cloud Compare AWS Pricing Models My Cloud Practitioner Certification Journey and the Resources to Certify with Confidence Define the AWS Global Infrastructure Identify AWS Technical Resources And AWS Support Options Understand Resources For Billing, Budget, and Cost Management Identify Services From Other In-Scope AWS Service Categories Define Methods of Deploying and Operating in the AWS Cloud Relearning How to Learn: Preparing for AWS Certifications with ADHD Technologies and Concepts: Cloud Practitioner (CLF-C02) Identify AWS Access Management Capabilities Identify AWS Network Services Identify AWS Database Services 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://forem.com/francisco_moreno_1dd850f0 | Francisco Moreno - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Francisco Moreno 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Oct 10, 2025 More info about @francisco_moreno_1dd850f0 Post 1 post published Comment 0 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Mi Top Certificiaciones en IT Como Propositos Para Este 2026 Francisco Moreno Francisco Moreno Francisco Moreno Follow Jan 13 Mi Top Certificiaciones en IT Como Propositos Para Este 2026 # aws # kubernetes # certification # cloud Comments Add Comment 11 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a blogging-forward open source social network where we learn from one another Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dev.to/codeneuron/bluegreen-deployment-strategy-11ad#comments | 🟦🟩 Blue/Green Deployment Strategy - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse likhitha manikonda Posted on Oct 30, 2025 🟦🟩 Blue/Green Deployment Strategy # bluegreen # automation # devops # beginners Blue/Green deployment is a simple way to update software without causing downtime or breaking things for users. You create two environments—Blue (current version) and Green (new version)—and switch traffic to Green only when it's ready. 🟦🟩 Blue/Green Deployment Strategy Explained for Absolute Beginners Imagine you run a restaurant. You want to renovate the kitchen, but you can’t stop serving food. So, you build a second kitchen next door, test everything there, and once it’s perfect, you start cooking in the new kitchen and close the old one. That’s the idea behind Blue/Green deployment in software! 💡 What Is Blue/Green Deployment? It’s a strategy used by developers to release new versions of software without downtime and with minimal risk . You maintain two identical environments: Blue : The current live version that users are interacting with. Green : The new version where updates are made and tested. Once the Green version is ready and verified, you switch user traffic from Blue to Green. If something goes wrong, you can quickly switch back to Blue. 🛠️ How It Works (Step-by-Step) Blue is live : Users are using the Blue environment. Green is prepared : Developers deploy the new version to Green and test it thoroughly. Switch happens : Once Green is confirmed to be working, traffic is redirected from Blue to Green. Blue becomes backup : If issues arise, you can roll back by switching traffic back to Blue. ✅ Why Use It? Zero downtime : Users don’t experience interruptions. Safe rollbacks : You can revert to the old version instantly. Better testing : You test the new version in a real environment before going live. 🚧 Things to Watch Out For Database changes : If your update changes the database, rolling back might be tricky. Cost : Running two environments can be more expensive. Syncing data : You need to ensure both environments handle data consistently. 🧪 Real-Life Example Let’s say you’re updating your online store. You deploy the new version to Green, test the checkout process, and once everything works, you switch users to Green. If payments fail, you switch back to Blue and fix the issue. This strategy is widely used in cloud platforms like AWS, Azure, and Kubernetes. It’s a great way to deploy confidently and keep users happy. Implementing a Blue/Green deployment strategy involves setting up two separate environments and managing traffic between them. Here's a beginner-friendly breakdown of how it's typically done: 🛠️ How Blue/Green Deployment Is Implemented 1. Set Up Two Identical Environments Blue : The current live version of your app. Green : A clone of Blue, where you’ll deploy the new version. These can be separate servers, containers, or cloud environments. 2. Deploy the New Version to Green Push your updated code, configurations, and database changes (if any) to the Green environment. Run automated tests and manual checks to ensure everything works as expected. 3. Switch Traffic to Green Use a load balancer or DNS switch to redirect user traffic from Blue to Green. This switch can be instant or gradual (called canary release if done slowly). 4. Monitor the Green Environment Watch for errors, performance issues, or user complaints. Use logging and monitoring tools to track behavior. 5. Roll Back if Needed If something goes wrong, switch traffic back to Blue. Since Blue hasn’t changed, it acts as a safety net. 6. Retire or Update Blue Once Green is stable, you can: Delete Blue to save resources. Or update Blue to become the next Green for future deployments. 🧰 Tools Commonly Used Cloud Platforms : AWS (Elastic Beanstalk, EC2), Azure, Google Cloud Containers : Docker, Kubernetes CI/CD Pipelines : GitHub Actions, Jenkins, GitLab CI Traffic Management : NGINX, HAProxy, AWS Route 53 Here’s how Blue/Green deployment is done on Kubernetes , step by step: ✅ 1. What is happening in Kubernetes? Kubernetes manages Pods (your application containers). For Blue/Green, you run two separate versions of your app: Blue = current live version. Green = new version you want to deploy. ✅ 2. How to implement Blue/Green in Kubernetes Create two Deployments : deployment-blue → points to the current version. deployment-green → points to the new version. Expose them via Services : Each deployment can have its own Service (or share one with selective routing). Routing control : Use Ingress or API Gateway (like Gloo Proxy) to direct traffic. Initially, 100% traffic goes to Blue. When Green is ready, switch traffic gradually or all at once. ✅ 3. Steps Deploy Blue pods (live). Deploy Green pods (new version). Test Green internally (no external traffic yet). Update Ingress/Gloo Proxy routing : Move traffic from Blue → Green. If issues occur, roll back by routing back to Blue. ✅ Why use Blue/Green? Zero downtime during updates. Quick rollback if something breaks. Safe testing before going live. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse likhitha manikonda Follow 💻 Builder of things with code. 🚀 Always learning, occasionally teaching. Let’s turn ideas into side projects and bugs into features! Education Btech/ComputerScience Pronouns She/Her Work Lead Software Engineer Joined Sep 3, 2024 More from likhitha manikonda How to Evaluate ML Models Step by Step # ai # machinelearning # beginners # programming Machine Learning Basics: Bias, Variance, and Regularization with Intuition and Formulas # ai # machinelearning # programming # beginners Understanding AGI vs ANI: A Beginner’s Guide to Artificial Intelligence # ai # machinelearning # programming # beginners 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close C++ Follow Hide Official tag for the C++ programming language. Create Post submission guidelines Articles and discussions should be directly related to the C++ programming language. (Not to be confused with C (#c) , Objective C (#objectivec) , or C# (#csharp) ) Questions are encouraged! (See the #help tag) Be careful when criticizing C++ as a language or platform; most such complaints are old news. Criticisms are permitted, but please keep such discussions polite and objective. about #cpp C++ is a compiled programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1985. It offers features of imperative, object-oriented, and generic programming. The current language standard is C++20 . Documentation cppreference.com CPlusPlus.com Compilers Clang/LLVM GCC Microsoft Visual C++ Complete list... Older #cpp posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu # Release 0.4 Week 2: Fixing a Windows Bug in Nextcloud Desktop Client Hitesh Sachdeva Hitesh Sachdeva Hitesh Sachdeva Follow Dec 12 '25 # Release 0.4 Week 2: Fixing a Windows Bug in Nextcloud Desktop Client # devjournal # learning # opensource # cpp Comments Add Comment 3 min read Desmitificando AWS Lambda: Potencia Real con C++ y CMake Alejandro Alejandro Alejandro Follow Dec 12 '25 Desmitificando AWS Lambda: Potencia Real con C++ y CMake # aws # lambda # cpp 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Orange cpplover0 cpplover0 cpplover0 Follow Dec 12 '25 Orange # osdev # programming # cpp # assembly 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Is there a way to determine if a shared object ( .so ) file was generated from a c or c++ code? Prashant Sharma Prashant Sharma Prashant Sharma Follow Dec 11 '25 Is there a way to determine if a shared object ( .so ) file was generated from a c or c++ code? # cpp # linux # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read Is GCC right when it accepts a C++ template struct having a member with a wrong default initializer? Prashant Sharma Prashant Sharma Prashant Sharma Follow Dec 11 '25 Is GCC right when it accepts a C++ template struct having a member with a wrong default initializer? # discuss # computerscience # cpp Comments Add Comment 2 min read One bug, nine errors: what templates actually are Erich Erich Erich Follow Dec 10 '25 One bug, nine errors: what templates actually are # cpp # programming Comments Add Comment 6 min read Massive improvements for the emotional system in the neural web Okerew Okerew Okerew Follow Dec 16 '25 Massive improvements for the emotional system in the neural web # c # ai # cpp # python Comments Add Comment 1 min read Offline RAG in Modern C++: Secure Semantic Pipelines Without the Cloud Krzysztof Nowicki Krzysztof Nowicki Krzysztof Nowicki Follow Dec 10 '25 Offline RAG in Modern C++: Secure Semantic Pipelines Without the Cloud # cpp # security # programming # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 1 min read std::move doesn't move anything: A deep dive into Value Categorie TheGhost TheGhost TheGhost Follow Dec 10 '25 std::move doesn't move anything: A deep dive into Value Categorie # cpp # performance Comments Add Comment 1 min read [BOJ/C, C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 문자열 ~ 2차원 배열 dbsans dbsans dbsans Follow Jan 2 [BOJ/C, C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 문자열 ~ 2차원 배열 # programming # c # cpp # coding Comments Add Comment 3 min read [BOJ/C, C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 입출력과 사칙연산 ~ 1차원 배열 dbsans dbsans dbsans Follow Jan 1 [BOJ/C, C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 입출력과 사칙연산 ~ 1차원 배열 # programming # c # cpp # coding Comments Add Comment 3 min read Advent of Code 2025 - December 8th Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Follow Dec 9 '25 Advent of Code 2025 - December 8th # advent # adventofcode # cpp # 2025 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read I'm currently looking for ways to expand my knowledge on computer coding and computer science as a whole. James Rhodes James Rhodes James Rhodes Follow Dec 10 '25 I'm currently looking for ways to expand my knowledge on computer coding and computer science as a whole. # computerscience # cpp # beginners Comments Add Comment 1 min read (Part 3) The Memory Wall: Why Your Enclave is Slow and How to Fix It Max Jiang Max Jiang Max Jiang Follow Dec 8 '25 (Part 3) The Memory Wall: Why Your Enclave is Slow and How to Fix It # security # systems # cpp # performance 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read Advent of Code 2025 - C++ Solutions ! Zakaria Zoulati Zakaria Zoulati Zakaria Zoulati Follow Dec 8 '25 Advent of Code 2025 - C++ Solutions ! # cpp # github # resources # adventofcode Comments Add Comment 1 min read Advent of Code 2025 - December 7th Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Follow Dec 7 '25 Advent of Code 2025 - December 7th # advent # adventofcode # cpp # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Sliding Window Problem That Taught Me How to Think Aman Saxena Aman Saxena Aman Saxena Follow Dec 5 '25 The Sliding Window Problem That Taught Me How to Think # algorithms # cpp # leetcode # programming Comments Add Comment 4 min read Bugs in the Wild West: Top 10 C and C++ errors of 2025 Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Follow Dec 30 '25 Bugs in the Wild West: Top 10 C and C++ errors of 2025 # cpp # c # opensource # erlang 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 19 min read Declarative JSON Dispatch in Modern C++ sentomk sentomk sentomk Follow Dec 19 '25 Declarative JSON Dispatch in Modern C++ # programming # cpp 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 5 min read Neovim Unreal Engine: P4 Support, Macro Wizards, and Context-Aware Docs! 🚀(2025/12/04) taku25 taku25 taku25 Follow Dec 4 '25 Neovim Unreal Engine: P4 Support, Macro Wizards, and Context-Aware Docs! 🚀(2025/12/04) # neovim # unrealengine # gamedev # cpp Comments Add Comment 3 min read Advent of Code 2025 - December 4th Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Follow Dec 4 '25 Advent of Code 2025 - December 4th # advent # adventofcode # cpp # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Advent of Code 2025 - December 5th Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Follow Dec 5 '25 Advent of Code 2025 - December 5th # advent # adventofcode # cpp # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Hello World is Hard: Surviving the SGX Setup Max Jiang Max Jiang Max Jiang Follow Dec 5 '25 Hello World is Hard: Surviving the SGX Setup # security # cpp # linux # tutorial 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 5 min read Advent of Code 2025 - December 3rd Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Follow Dec 3 '25 Advent of Code 2025 - December 3rd # advent # adventofcode # cpp # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Learning set, unordered_set, and priority_queue in C++ Nithya Dharshini official Nithya Dharshini official Nithya Dharshini official Follow Jan 5 Learning set, unordered_set, and priority_queue in C++ # programming # beginners # tutorial # cpp Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Career Follow Hide This tag is for anything relating to careers! Job offers, workplace conflict, interviews, resumes, promotions, etc. Create Post submission guidelines All articles and discussions should relate to careers in some way. Pretty much everything on dev.to is about our careers in some way. Ideally, though, keep the tag related to getting, leaving, or maintaining a career or job. about #career A career is the field in which you work, while a job is a position held in that field. Related tags include #resume and #portfolio as resources to enhance your #career Older #career posts 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Il Bug della Dignità: Cronaca di un’illusione ereditaria Michele Carino Michele Carino Michele Carino Follow Dec 30 '25 Il Bug della Dignità: Cronaca di un’illusione ereditaria # discuss # career # mentalhealth Comments Add Comment 2 min read The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Jan 9 The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning 35 reactions Comments 16 comments 2 min read Human dignity bug: chronicles of an inherited delusion Michele Carino Michele Carino Michele Carino Follow Dec 30 '25 Human dignity bug: chronicles of an inherited delusion # discuss # career # mentalhealth Comments Add Comment 2 min read Facebook System Design Interview Resources That Helped Me Land the Role Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Dec 31 '25 Facebook System Design Interview Resources That Helped Me Land the Role # systemdesign # resources # productivity # career Comments Add Comment 4 min read Ultimate Guide to Snapchat OA: Data/SDE Passing Strategies (with Real Questions & Tips) net programhelp net programhelp net programhelp Follow Dec 31 '25 Ultimate Guide to Snapchat OA: Data/SDE Passing Strategies (with Real Questions & Tips) # algorithms # interview # career # tutorial Comments Add Comment 4 min read Ending the year by reaching out Medea Medea Medea Follow Dec 31 '25 Ending the year by reaching out # webdev # programming # career 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read I Built TrackInterview — A Simple Way to Track Job Applications Surajdev Pandey Surajdev Pandey Surajdev Pandey Follow Dec 30 '25 I Built TrackInterview — A Simple Way to Track Job Applications # trackinterview # career # productivity # sideprojects Comments Add Comment 1 min read Prompt Engineering Won’t Fix Your Architecture Art light Art light Art light Follow Jan 9 Prompt Engineering Won’t Fix Your Architecture # discuss # career # ai # programming 117 reactions Comments 101 comments 3 min read Stop Editing Manually: Why Senior Devs Build "Factories" Instead of Just Writing Code zo Aoo zo Aoo zo Aoo Follow Dec 30 '25 Stop Editing Manually: Why Senior Devs Build "Factories" Instead of Just Writing Code # automation # ai # career Comments Add Comment 3 min read Your 2026 Cloud Computing Roadmap: Start Here Technical Monish Technical Monish Technical Monish Follow Dec 31 '25 Your 2026 Cloud Computing Roadmap: Start Here # aws # cloudcomputing # roadmap # career Comments Add Comment 5 min read Developers VS Product Sense superkacper4 superkacper4 superkacper4 Follow Dec 30 '25 Developers VS Product Sense # webdev # career # developers # software 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 4 min read From Reading to Writing: My Dev.to Journey Through 2025 Konark Sharma Konark Sharma Konark Sharma Follow Jan 3 From Reading to Writing: My Dev.to Journey Through 2025 # career # community # learning # beginners 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read What Interviewing Interns Taught Us About Real-World Engineering Insights By VyskaTech Insights By VyskaTech Insights By VyskaTech Follow Dec 30 '25 What Interviewing Interns Taught Us About Real-World Engineering # discuss # interview # career # backend Comments Add Comment 3 min read GrowExx Jr.Software Engineer Interview Experience | Ahmedabad FRESHER 7.2 LPA Vrajkumar Patel Vrajkumar Patel Vrajkumar Patel Follow Dec 28 '25 GrowExx Jr.Software Engineer Interview Experience | Ahmedabad FRESHER 7.2 LPA # career # interviewexperience # softwareengineering # growexx 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read 2026 GOAL PLANNING GUIDE Sospeter Mong'are Sospeter Mong'are Sospeter Mong'are Follow Dec 30 '25 2026 GOAL PLANNING GUIDE # productivity # beginners # career # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read What I Wish I Knew About Full-Stack Development 5 Years Ago Omar Anajar Omar Anajar Omar Anajar Follow Dec 29 '25 What I Wish I Knew About Full-Stack Development 5 Years Ago # fullstack # career # webdev # learning Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why I Chose Custom Code Over CMS — As a Freelance Dev Starting from Scratch Hugo Calmels Hugo Calmels Hugo Calmels Follow Jan 3 Why I Chose Custom Code Over CMS — As a Freelance Dev Starting from Scratch # career # chatgpt # react # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Notes from a Developer Who Learned to Slow Down Serguey Asael Shinder Serguey Asael Shinder Serguey Asael Shinder Follow Dec 29 '25 Notes from a Developer Who Learned to Slow Down # discuss # career # productivity # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 1 min read AZ-700: Shaping the Future of Azure Networking – Industry Trends & Strategic Outlook Dominic Knight Dominic Knight Dominic Knight Follow Dec 29 '25 AZ-700: Shaping the Future of Azure Networking – Industry Trends & Strategic Outlook # azure # career # learning # networking Comments Add Comment 7 min read Accidental Research Before 20s: How It Started AMAN ALI AMAN ALI AMAN ALI Follow Dec 29 '25 Accidental Research Before 20s: How It Started # research # programming # devjournal # career Comments Add Comment 4 min read How I Aced the Yahoo System Design Interview: Best Courses and 7 Key Lessons Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Dec 29 '25 How I Aced the Yahoo System Design Interview: Best Courses and 7 Key Lessons # yahoo # systemdesign # career # productivity Comments Add Comment 4 min read Azure AI Engineer Explained: Skills, Tools, and Responsibilities Adil Sajid Adil Sajid Adil Sajid Follow Dec 30 '25 Azure AI Engineer Explained: Skills, Tools, and Responsibilities # azure # career # machinelearning # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read Un pequeño script para el códec, un gran paso para el Dev Learning Branch LostCodec LostCodec LostCodec Follow Dec 29 '25 Un pequeño script para el códec, un gran paso para el Dev Learning Branch # devjournal # career # java # learning Comments Add Comment 1 min read Why SWEs are afraid of making mistakes TechPreneur: lesswork&earnmore TechPreneur: lesswork&earnmore TechPreneur: lesswork&earnmore Follow Jan 2 Why SWEs are afraid of making mistakes # beginners # career # mentalhealth Comments Add Comment 13 min read I Didn’t “Become” a Senior Developer. I Accumulated Damage. Art light Art light Art light Follow Jan 7 I Didn’t “Become” a Senior Developer. I Accumulated Damage. # discuss # programming # ai # career 123 reactions Comments 34 comments 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions SinghDevHub MLE @CRED ⌛ Sharing on System design, AI, LLMs, ML Location Bangalore, India Joined Joined on Nov 29, 2022 Email address lovepreet.singh@alumni.iitgn.ac.in Personal website https://www.youtube.com/@SinghDevHub github website twitter website Work MLE @ CRED Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close Java Awarded to the top Java author each week Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! 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Got it Close Show all 14 badges More info about @singhdevhub Skills/Languages Python, C++, Java, NodeJS, React, SQL, MongoDB, LLD, HLD, Spring, Typescript, Pytorch Post 40 posts published Comment 148 comments written Tag 17 tags followed Pin Pinned Scale Node JS App using Cluster Module SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Jan 17 '23 Scale Node JS App using Cluster Module # webdev # node # tutorial # javascript 119 reactions Comments 13 comments 3 min read Implementing Microservice Architecture In Node JS SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Jan 9 '23 Implementing Microservice Architecture In Node JS # productivity # gratitude 277 reactions Comments 59 comments 2 min read Microservices vs Monolithic Architecture: A Practical Approach SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Jan 2 '23 Microservices vs Monolithic Architecture: A Practical Approach # indonesia 161 reactions Comments 17 comments 3 min read Dockerizing NodeJS, Express, and MongoDB App with NGINX as a Reverse Proxy SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Dec 18 '22 Dockerizing NodeJS, Express, and MongoDB App with NGINX as a Reverse Proxy # node # webdev # docker # nginx 73 reactions Comments 16 comments 3 min read NGINX: Advanced Load Balancer, Web Server, & Reverse Proxy SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Dec 11 '22 NGINX: Advanced Load Balancer, Web Server, & Reverse Proxy # webdev # node # devops # tutorial 236 reactions Comments 5 comments 4 min read Right way to vibe code that actually works SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Jan 11 Right way to vibe code that actually works # softwaredevelopment # programming # ai # webdev 14 reactions Comments 5 comments 4 min read Want to connect with SinghDevHub? 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Sign in Everyone is a Product engineer now SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Jan 7 Everyone is a Product engineer now # programming # ai # genai # webdev 18 reactions Comments 5 comments 2 min read Basics of Stack, Heap, memory management, VM & JVM SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow May 5 '25 Basics of Stack, Heap, memory management, VM & JVM # java # jvm # programming # tutorial 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read Writing USB driver for Linux in C SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Dec 4 '24 Writing USB driver for Linux in C # programming # lowcode # c # linux 22 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read Implementing Parallel Merge Sort: 25sec vs 1.5sec SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Oct 2 '24 Implementing Parallel Merge Sort: 25sec vs 1.5sec # algorithms # computerscience # tutorial # programming 8 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read Javascript Promises in depth with V8 engine internals SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Sep 9 '24 Javascript Promises in depth with V8 engine internals # javascript # webdev # programming # tutorial 154 reactions Comments 7 comments 3 min read How to implement a Distributed Lock using Redis SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Aug 31 '24 How to implement a Distributed Lock using Redis # webdev # tutorial # java # redis 234 reactions Comments 16 comments 4 min read Multithreading: Event Loops vs Thread Pools and more... SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Dec 15 '23 Multithreading: Event Loops vs Thread Pools and more... # java # webdev # programming # javascript 151 reactions Comments 10 comments 5 min read Security 101 for developers: TCP/IP, SSL/TLS Certificates, AES/CBC Encryption, Password Storage, and More SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Nov 1 '23 Security 101 for developers: TCP/IP, SSL/TLS Certificates, AES/CBC Encryption, Password Storage, and More # security # webdev # development # programming 15 reactions Comments 1 comment 7 min read Javascript Beginner to Advanced: Value Bomb in one Shot SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Jul 18 '23 Javascript Beginner to Advanced: Value Bomb in one Shot # javascript # tutorial # programming # webdev 18 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read React Redux in one shot while building a Project SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Jun 28 '23 React Redux in one shot while building a Project # ai # react # redux # webdev 71 reactions Comments 18 comments 4 min read ReactJS, MongoDB, JS, CSS in one shot while building an App SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Jun 23 '23 ReactJS, MongoDB, JS, CSS in one shot while building an App # react # webdev # tutorial # javascript 102 reactions Comments 20 comments 5 min read How to get Started and Ace in Software Development in the era of A.I. SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Jun 16 '23 How to get Started and Ace in Software Development in the era of A.I. # webdev # javascript # programming # beginners 12 reactions Comments 3 comments 2 min read How to Make your first Open Source Contribution and Get Paid SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Jun 4 '23 How to Make your first Open Source Contribution and Get Paid # webdev # react # javascript # beginners 64 reactions Comments 14 comments 2 min read Be 10x Productive using these JavaScript tips SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow May 28 '23 Be 10x Productive using these JavaScript tips # javascript # tutorial # programming # webdev 16 reactions Comments 3 comments 3 min read Deploy your React, NodeJS apps using Jenkins Pipeline SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow May 24 '23 Deploy your React, NodeJS apps using Jenkins Pipeline # jenkins # development # programming # node 15 reactions Comments 3 comments 4 min read How we designed and coded our Product Service SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow May 14 '23 How we designed and coded our Product Service # 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webdev # beginners # java # python 20 reactions Comments 4 comments 3 min read OOPS | Write Scalable and Modular Code SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Dec 1 '22 OOPS | Write Scalable and Modular Code # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 11 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read OOPS In Depth and Fundamentals of Design Patterns SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow Nov 30 '22 OOPS In Depth and Fundamentals of Design Patterns # bootstrap # gratitude 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read OOPS Basics and Why do we need this? 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close C++ Follow Hide Official tag for the C++ programming language. Create Post submission guidelines Articles and discussions should be directly related to the C++ programming language. (Not to be confused with C (#c) , Objective C (#objectivec) , or C# (#csharp) ) Questions are encouraged! (See the #help tag) Be careful when criticizing C++ as a language or platform; most such complaints are old news. Criticisms are permitted, but please keep such discussions polite and objective. about #cpp C++ is a compiled programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1985. It offers features of imperative, object-oriented, and generic programming. The current language standard is C++20 . Documentation cppreference.com CPlusPlus.com Compilers Clang/LLVM GCC Microsoft Visual C++ Complete list... Older #cpp posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu I Don't Trust AWS (And Neither Should You): Dive into Intel SGX Max Jiang Max Jiang Max Jiang Follow Dec 3 '25 I Don't Trust AWS (And Neither Should You): Dive into Intel SGX # security # cloud # systems # cpp 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 4 min read 🌲 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Maximum Level Sum of a Binary Tree' – LeetCode 1161 (C++, Python, JavaScript) Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Jan 6 🌲 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Maximum Level Sum of a Binary Tree' – LeetCode 1161 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript 19 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Smart_Store: Triple-Lock Validation for Secure Data Imports Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel Victor Follow Dec 1 '25 Smart_Store: Triple-Lock Validation for Secure Data Imports # opensource # architecture # cpp # database Comments Add Comment 3 min read Advent of Code 2025 - December 6th Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Follow Dec 6 '25 Advent of Code 2025 - December 6th # advent # adventofcode # cpp # 2025 Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 9 Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Jan 4 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 9 # gamedev # cpp # webdev # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🧩 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Maximum Matrix Sum' – LeetCode 1975 (C++, Python, JavaScript) Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Jan 5 🧩 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Maximum Matrix Sum' – LeetCode 1975 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript 21 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read MyLibc Jaipal001 Jaipal001 Jaipal001 Follow Dec 3 '25 MyLibc # c # cpp # linux # assembly 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Python vs. Java vs. C++: The Best Language for Coding Interviews in 2025 Alex Hunter Alex Hunter Alex Hunter Follow Dec 14 '25 Python vs. Java vs. C++: The Best Language for Coding Interviews in 2025 # python # java # cpp # 100daysofcode Comments 2 comments 3 min read Kth Largest Element in C++ Nithya Dharshini official Nithya Dharshini official Nithya Dharshini official Follow Jan 3 Kth Largest Element in C++ # programming # beginners # tutorial # cpp Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 8 Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Jan 3 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 8 # gamedev # software # cpp # gamechallenge Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🍀 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Four Divisors' – LeetCode 1390 (C++, Python, JavaScript) Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Jan 4 🍀 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Four Divisors' – LeetCode 1390 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript 24 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Computer vision for code: What PVS-Studio saw in OpenCV Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Follow Dec 12 '25 Computer vision for code: What PVS-Studio saw in OpenCV # cpp # programming # opencv 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 17 min read Mastering Single Pass Optimization in C++ Nithya Dharshini official Nithya Dharshini official Nithya Dharshini official Follow Jan 2 Mastering Single Pass Optimization in C++ # discuss # cpp # beginners # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read Latency: What It Really Means, How It’s Measured, and Why Every Field Sees It Differently Tomáš Svojanovský Tomáš Svojanovský Tomáš Svojanovský Follow Dec 4 '25 Latency: What It Really Means, How It’s Measured, and Why Every Field Sees It Differently # latency # cpp # performance # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 5 min read 🎨 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Number of Ways to Paint N 3 Grid' – LeetCode 1411 (C++, Python, JavaScript) Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Jan 3 🎨 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Number of Ways to Paint N 3 Grid' – LeetCode 1411 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript 27 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Open wide: Inspecting LLVM 21 with static analysis Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Follow Nov 28 '25 Open wide: Inspecting LLVM 21 with static analysis # cpp # programming # github # c Comments Add Comment 25 min read Advent of Code 2025 - December 2nd Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Rob van der Leek Follow Dec 2 '25 Advent of Code 2025 - December 2nd # advent # adventofcode # cpp # 2025 Comments 3 comments 2 min read 🎯 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'N-Repeated Element in Size 2N Array' – LeetCode 961 (C++ | Python | JavaScript) Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Jan 2 🎯 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'N-Repeated Element in Size 2N Array' – LeetCode 961 (C++ | Python | JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript 27 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🐦🔥Beginner-Friendly Guide "Plus One" – LeetCode 66 (C++ | Python | JavaScript) Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Jan 1 🐦🔥Beginner-Friendly Guide "Plus One" – LeetCode 66 (C++ | Python | JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript 26 reactions Comments 4 comments 2 min read 70% of Vulnerabilities Are Memory Bugs. Here's How We Instrumented Everything. Raymond Chang Raymond Chang Raymond Chang Follow Dec 1 '25 70% of Vulnerabilities Are Memory Bugs. Here's How We Instrumented Everything. # architecture # security # devops # cpp Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 4 Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Dec 30 '25 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 4 # webdev # cpp # gamedev # devops Comments 2 comments 2 min read Update: More CIR PR's and Release 0.3 David Rivera David Rivera David Rivera Follow Nov 24 '25 Update: More CIR PR's and Release 0.3 # cpp # devjournal # opensource Comments Add Comment 2 min read Smart pointers: memory safety without garbage collection Erich Erich Erich Follow Nov 24 '25 Smart pointers: memory safety without garbage collection # cpp Comments Add Comment 8 min read Hello dev.to! I’m Sergey — developer of Suri Oculus Sergey Filipovich Sergey Filipovich Sergey Filipovich Follow Dec 8 '25 Hello dev.to! I’m Sergey — developer of Suri Oculus # ai # suricata # cpp # cybersecurity Comments Add Comment 1 min read How Sparse-K Cuts Millions of Attention Computations in llama.cpp Gitty B. Gitty B. Gitty B. Follow Dec 15 '25 How Sparse-K Cuts Millions of Attention Computations in llama.cpp # algorithms # performance # llm # cpp 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks?action=print | PythonBooks - Python Wiki PythonBooks There are a variety of books about Python. Here's a guide to them: IntroductoryBooks (gentle overviews of the language) AdvancedBooks (for when you don't want gentle) ReferenceBooks (much information in a small space) Specific applications: GameProgrammingBooks NetworkProgrammingBooks GuiBooks JythonBooks ScientificProgrammingBooks SystemAdministrationBooks WebProgrammingBooks WindowsBooks XmlBooks ZopeBooks Books in languages other than English: UkrainianPythonBooks DutchPythonBooks FrenchPythonBooks GermanPythonBooks GreekPythonBooks HungarianPythonBooks JapanesePythonBooks KoreanPythonBooks RussianPythonBooks PersianPythonBooks PolishPythonBooks PortuguesePythonBooks ArabicPythonBooks SpanishPythonBooks When you see a book you like, don't hesitate to add your recommendation! There's also a Courses page, filled with links to video courses. External sources of information about (Python) books: PythonBooks.org - A collection of Python books featuring popularity based ranking. 101+ Free Python Books - You don't have to pay money to read great Python books. Many are free! Python Kindle & Paperback Collection - A good collection of Kindle and Paperback books on Python 3, Django, Flask, FastAPI, and Scientific Computing ( NumPy , SciPy , and Pandas) There is also a list of OutOfPrintBooks . PythonBooks (last edited 2025-06-12 13:27:03 by MatsWichmann ) | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DUMB DEV Community Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. 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Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DUMB DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DUMB DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/t/cloudcomputing | Cloudcomputing - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # cloudcomputing Follow Hide Create Post Older #cloudcomputing posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 132 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu AWS Is Moving Toward AI Factories, Not One-Off AI Projects Thej Deep Thej Deep Thej Deep Follow Jan 13 AWS Is Moving Toward AI Factories, Not One-Off AI Projects # ai # aws # tutorial # cloudcomputing Comments Add Comment 3 min read Setting Up Jenkins SSH Build Agents: A Complete Troubleshooting Guide Faruq2991 Faruq2991 Faruq2991 Follow Jan 10 Setting Up Jenkins SSH Build Agents: A Complete Troubleshooting Guide # beginners # devops # cloud # cloudcomputing 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read Fast Infrastructure: Understanding Crossplane like a Fast Food Restaurant Willem van Heemstra Willem van Heemstra Willem van Heemstra Follow for The Software's Journey Jan 12 Fast Infrastructure: Understanding Crossplane like a Fast Food Restaurant # crossplane # infrastructureascode # cloudcomputing # tutorial Comments Add Comment 11 min read Avoiding YouTube Blocking on GCP (Using a Proxy) Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Avoiding YouTube Blocking on GCP (Using a Proxy) # api # cloudcomputing # networking Comments Add Comment 4 min read Cloud 101 with AWS: From Concepts to a Real Serverless App Warda Liaqat Warda Liaqat Warda Liaqat Follow Jan 11 Cloud 101 with AWS: From Concepts to a Real Serverless App # aws # cloudcomputing # serverless # ai 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Getting Started with AWS in 2026 – A Practical Beginner's Guide 🚀 Sahinur Sahinur Sahinur Follow Jan 11 Getting Started with AWS in 2026 – A Practical Beginner's Guide 🚀 # aws # cloudcomputing # beginners # devops Comments Add Comment 3 min read COST EFFECTIVE AI IN GCP Aparna Pradhan Aparna Pradhan Aparna Pradhan Follow Jan 10 COST EFFECTIVE AI IN GCP # ai # cloudcomputing # gemini # serverless Comments Add Comment 2 min read Pare de Construir "Big Balls of Mud": O Guia de Sobrevivência Cloud-Native Eduardo Rosa Eduardo Rosa Eduardo Rosa Follow Jan 9 Pare de Construir "Big Balls of Mud": O Guia de Sobrevivência Cloud-Native # architecture # cloudcomputing # microservices Comments Add Comment 5 min read Auto Scaling Role & Azure Virtual Machine Scale Sets (VMSS) daniel shaibu daniel shaibu daniel shaibu Follow Jan 9 Auto Scaling Role & Azure Virtual Machine Scale Sets (VMSS) # devops # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing Comments Add Comment 3 min read 💸 Optimizing Costs in Cloud Development: How to Reduce Cloud Infrastructure Costs Without Slowing Growth Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Follow Jan 9 💸 Optimizing Costs in Cloud Development: How to Reduce Cloud Infrastructure Costs Without Slowing Growth # cloudcomputing # devops # softwareengineering # cloudarchitecture Comments Add Comment 3 min read Identify AWS Technical Resources And AWS Support Options Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 8 Identify AWS Technical Resources And AWS Support Options # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 4 min read AWS Cloud Explained Like a Map, Not a Mess Anusha Kuppili Anusha Kuppili Anusha Kuppili Follow Jan 8 AWS Cloud Explained Like a Map, Not a Mess # aws # cloud # devops # cloudcomputing Comments Add Comment 2 min read Technologies and Concepts: Cloud Practitioner (CLF-C02) Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 8 Technologies and Concepts: Cloud Practitioner (CLF-C02) # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 2 min read Elevating Innovation: The Future of Cloud with Platform as a Service (PaaS) Visakh Vijayan Visakh Vijayan Visakh Vijayan Follow Jan 8 Elevating Innovation: The Future of Cloud with Platform as a Service (PaaS) # architecture # cloudcomputing # devops Comments Add Comment 3 min read Blue Green deployment strategy. Rohan Nalawade Rohan Nalawade Rohan Nalawade Follow Jan 8 Blue Green deployment strategy. # aws # devops # cloudcomputing # kubernetes Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🔐 Cloud Security Best Practices: How to Secure Cloud-Based Web Applications Without Slowing Down Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Follow Jan 8 🔐 Cloud Security Best Practices: How to Secure Cloud-Based Web Applications Without Slowing Down # cloudcomputing # cloudsecurity # websecurity # devops Comments Add Comment 3 min read 7 Best Resources to Learn AWS Stack Overflowed Stack Overflowed Stack Overflowed Follow Jan 8 7 Best Resources to Learn AWS # webdev # cloud # cloudcomputing # aws Comments Add Comment 3 min read Identify Services From Other In-Scope AWS Service Categories Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 7 Identify Services From Other In-Scope AWS Service Categories # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 5 min read Compare AWS Pricing Models Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 7 Compare AWS Pricing Models # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 4 min read Key DevOps Career Lessons from an Industry Session at NetSol M. Ibtsam M. Ibtsam M. Ibtsam Follow Jan 5 Key DevOps Career Lessons from an Industry Session at NetSol # devops # cloudcomputing # aws # techcareers Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day-29 Understanding How Kubernetes Services Discovery Works Jayanth Dasari Jayanth Dasari Jayanth Dasari Follow Jan 7 Day-29 Understanding How Kubernetes Services Discovery Works # kubernetes # docker # devops # cloudcomputing Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🚀 Serverless Architecture in the Cloud: Build and Deploy Apps Without Managing Servers Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Follow Jan 6 🚀 Serverless Architecture in the Cloud: Build and Deploy Apps Without Managing Servers # webdev # cloudcomputing # serverless # devops Comments Add Comment 3 min read 7 Best Resources to Learn Cloud Computing in 2026 Stack Overflowed Stack Overflowed Stack Overflowed Follow Jan 7 7 Best Resources to Learn Cloud Computing in 2026 # webdev # cloudcomputing # aws # cloud 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Deploying Machine Learning Applications with Render: A Data Scientist’s Guide Kenechukwu Anoliefo Kenechukwu Anoliefo Kenechukwu Anoliefo Follow Jan 6 Deploying Machine Learning Applications with Render: A Data Scientist’s Guide # cloudcomputing # devops # machinelearning # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read Day-27 K8s Deployment Manifests & The Reconciliation Loop Jayanth Dasari Jayanth Dasari Jayanth Dasari Follow Jan 5 Day-27 K8s Deployment Manifests & The Reconciliation Loop # kubernetes # docker # cloudcomputing # learning Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... trending guides/resources Why Cloud Skills Matter in 2025 and Beyond Understand AWS Cloud Security, Governance, and Compliance Concepts Identify Design Principles of the AWS Cloud How I Built a Secure File Upload API Using FastAPI and AWS S3 Presigned URLs Understand the AWS Shared Responsibility Model Let Kiro Do the Work: Automate Your Code and Documentation with Hooks! Identify AWS Compute Services Define the Benefits of the AWS Cloud How to Choose the Right GPU for Your Machine Learning Projects Cloud Practitioner Exam Guide When you have a hammer, everything looks like a nail Understand Concepts of Cloud Economics Identify AWS Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) Services And Analytics Services Kiro Did It: Streamlining Comments, Structure, and Logging Using Steering Docs! How Switches and Routers Actually Work: The Three Tables That Run the Internet Understand the Benefits of and Strategies for Migration to the AWS Cloud Getting Started with AWS CloudFormation Understanding Basic Networking Fundamentals as a Devops Engineer Compare AWS Pricing Models How WSO2 API Manager and WSO2 Identity Server Form the Backbone of Digital Transformation 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/adventuresinangular | Adventures in Angular - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close View all podcasts Adventures in Angular Follow Latest episodes Ngrid with Shlomi Assaf - AiA 408 Adventures in Angular, Apr 4 '24 Angular CLI and NX: Managing Libraries and Runtime Translation - AiA 407 Adventures in Angular, Mar 28 '24 Understanding the Power of Ignite UI with Konstantin Dinev - AiA 406 Adventures in Angular, Mar 22 '24 Revolutionizing Angular Development with 𝗥𝘅𝑓𝑥 - AIA 405 Adventures in Angular, Feb 22 '24 Finding a Job with Charles Max Wood - AIA 404 Adventures in Angular, Feb 8 '24 Building A Component Library with Thomas Pink & Fabian Friedl - AiA 403 Adventures in Angular, Jan 25 '24 Power Up Angular with RXjs with Armen Vardanyan - AiA 402 Adventures in Angular, Jan 18 '24 Working with Google Maps on Angular with Katerina Skroumpelou - AiA 401 Adventures in Angular, Jan 11 '24 Server-Side Rendering in Angular 17 - AiA 397 Adventures in Angular, Dec 7 '23 Angular Signals VS RxJS - AiA 389 Adventures in Angular, Sep 7 '23 Goodbye ngIf, Hello Built-in Control Flow - AiA 384 Adventures in Angular, Jul 6 '23 Angular Signals in Practice - AiA 380 Adventures in Angular, May 4 '23 Getting to Know Bruce A. Tate - BONUS Adventures in Angular, Apr 28 '23 Jason Weimann - Learn Video Game Development with Chuck - BONUS Adventures in Angular, Apr 21 '23 Mobile Development with Angular, Capacitor, and Ionic - AiA 378 Adventures in Angular, Apr 13 '23 Signals, the Future of Reactive Programming in Angular - AiA 377 Adventures in Angular, Apr 9 '23 Comparing Angular and React in 2023 - AiA 376 Adventures in Angular, Mar 30 '23 How we Deploy our Apps - AiA 375 Adventures in Angular, Mar 25 '23 Angular Structural Directives and Their Microsyntax - AiA 374 Adventures in Angular, Mar 19 '23 How to Succeed in Content Creation - AiA 373 Adventures in Angular, Mar 12 '23 Latest Versions Of NgRx v14 & v15 - AiA 367 Adventures in Angular, Jan 27 '23 Angular's Custom Form Components - AiA 366 Adventures in Angular, Jan 19 '23 Writing Clean Http Service Methods With Walid Bouguima - AiA 365 Adventures in Angular, Jan 12 '23 Standalone Components With Marek Panti - AiA 364 Adventures in Angular, Jan 5 '23 State Management with RxJS - AiA 363 Adventures in Angular, Dec 29 '22 Using the LocalStorage Object in Angular with Dany Paredes - AiA 358 Adventures in Angular, Oct 6 '22 Weekly Content Development Strategies with GDE Maina Wycliffe - AiA 357 Adventures in Angular, Sep 22 '22 How to Proxy HTTP Requests in Angular with Maria Korneeva - AiA 356 Adventures in Angular, Sep 8 '22 Why would you use Angular in a Startup? - AiA 355 Adventures in Angular, Sep 1 '22 Monorepos, Linting, and CI, Oh My! - AiA 354 Adventures in Angular, Aug 18 '22 1 2 3 Next › Last » Browse 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://www.highlight.io/blog/distributed-tracing-in-nextjs | Distributed Tracing in Next.js Apps Pricing Customers Blog Careers Docs Distributed Tracing in Next.js Apps Sign up Back Apr 20, 2023 • 7 min. read Day 4: Logging, powered by Clickhouse Engineering Product Updates Oct 23, 2022 • 6 min. read Introducing: Highlight's Node.js Integration Backend Engineering Oct 17, 2023 • 3 min. read Tracing in Beta: Another Layer of Visibility in Your Applications Product Updates Jun 6, 2024 • 2 min read Distributed Tracing in Next.js Apps Company Chris Esplin Software Engineer What is Distributed Tracing? Distributed tracing allows us to understand the performance and monitor the execution of complex distributed applications that span multiple services. It links operations across services together into a single trace, making it easier to identify bottlenecks and debug issues. Installing the Highlight SDK To instrument distributed tracing in Next.js, you first need to add the Highlight SDK to your Next.js client code. This automatically injects trace headers into outgoing requests from the browser. On the server-side Next.js code, you use middleware to extract the incoming trace headers and propagate them via W3C trace context headers to any downstream service calls made by your API routes. These context headers contain a unique trace ID as well as details on parent/child relationships between operations. Any downstream services, such as a Go microservice, can then implement middleware to extract the incoming trace context headers. This allows them to associate their operations with the correct trace, while still having the flexibility to start new nested spans for particular code blocks. Visualize Traces Across Your Entire Service Stack With this distributed tracing setup, you can collect end-to-end traces spanning the client, Next.js backend, and all microservices. A tool like Highlight is critical for collecting and visualizing these traces. The waterfall visualization clearly shows the timing of each operation and their parent/child relationships, making it easy to pinpoint performance issues across services. As open source standards, the W3C trace context propagation headers used in this approach will work with any observability vendor's tracing tools. However, the Open Telemetry project takes an even more vendor-neutral approach that can simplify instrumentation further. Comments ( 0 ) Name Email Your Message New Comment Other articles you may like Apr 20, 2023 • 7 min. read Day 4: Logging, powered by Clickhouse Engineering Product Updates Oct 23, 2022 • 6 min. read Introducing: Highlight's Node.js Integration Backend Engineering Oct 17, 2023 • 3 min. read Tracing in Beta: Another Layer of Visibility in Your Applications Product Updates Try Highlight Today Get the visibility you need Get started for free Product Pricing Sign up Features Privacy & Security Customers Session Replay Error Monitoring Logging Competitors LogRocket Hotjar Fullstory Smartlook Inspectlet Datadog Sentry Site24x7 Sprig Mouseflow Pendo Heap LogicMonitor Last9 Axiom Better Stack HyperDX Dash0 Developers Changelog Documentation Ambassadors Frameworks React Next.js Angular Gatsby.js Svelte.js Vue.js Express Golang Next.js Node.js Rails Hono Contact & Legal Terms of Service Privacy Policy Careers sales@highlight.io security@highlight.io [object Object] | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
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https://dumb.dev.to/privacy#4-how-we-disclose-your-information | Privacy Policy - DUMB DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DUMB DEV Community Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. 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https://www.git-tower.com/learn/git/webinar/undoing-things-with-git | Live Webinar - 17 Ways to Undo Mistakes with Git | Learn Version Control with Git Live Webinar Limited Seats! 17 Ways to Undo Mistakes with Git Git is like an iceberg to most people: they know the basic commands, but miss out on its real powers. In this 1-hour webinar, we show you how Git can save your neck - by helping you roll back, revert, and generally undo almost any mistakes that might happen. Level up your development skills and sign up now - it's free! Reserve Your Seat The webinar is free , but seats are limited . Participants will receive a recording via email, in case you cannot make the live session. What You'll Learn Fixing commit messages and changesets Discarding local changes, down to individual lines Undoing and reverting old commits Returning to a previous version of your project Restoring deleted branches and commits Moving commits between branches Deleting unwanted commits Combining multiple commits into one ...and much more! Commands and workflows are demonstrated using Git on the Command Line , so that anybody can take part - no matter what tools (IDEs, GUIs) they are using. Additionally, to make complex workflows more visual, some commands are also demonstrated using the Tower desktop GUI. About Your Instructor Tobias Günther is the author of the book "Learning Version Control with Git" and founded the "Tower" Git client . Additionally, he is water-resistant to 4m. Praise from Previous Webinars "I'm no stranger to Git and version control. And still: I've learned so many tips & tricks that have improved my day-to-day work." — Florian Bürger, Engineer at Microsoft "I had already known and worked with Git for quite a while. After the workshop, however, I'm much more productive and confident with Git! Thanks a lot!" — Matthias Wagler, Lead Core Developer at The Native Web "Knowing some Git commands and actually being productive with Git are two very different animals. This workshop helped me become a better professional." — Verena Ortlieb, UI/UX Designer | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Maker Forem Close Beginners Follow Hide "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step." -Chinese Proverb Create Post submission guidelines UPDATED AUGUST 2, 2019 This tag is dedicated to beginners to programming, development, networking, or to a particular language. Everything should be geared towards that! For Questions... Consider using this tag along with #help, if... You are new to a language, or to programming in general, You want an explanation with NO prerequisite knowledge required. You want insight from more experienced developers. Please do not use this tag if you are merely new to a tool, library, or framework. See also, #explainlikeimfive For Articles... Posts should be specifically geared towards true beginners (experience level 0-2 out of 10). 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Older #beginners posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 3379 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Interactive LED Chaser with 555 Timer & CD4017 DIY Guide Messin Messin Messin Follow Dec 28 '25 Interactive LED Chaser with 555 Timer & CD4017 DIY Guide # tutorial # diy # beginners Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Most Common LED Strip “Fails” Aren’t the Strip — They’re Optics + Power Planning emmma emmma emmma Follow Jan 6 The Most Common LED Strip “Fails” Aren’t the Strip — They’re Optics + Power Planning # beginners # tutorial Comments 1 comment 3 min read Designing Parts That Actually Print on Cheap Hardware v. Splicer v. Splicer v. Splicer Follow Dec 23 '25 Designing Parts That Actually Print on Cheap Hardware # beginners # 3dprinting # budget # hardware Comments Add Comment 4 min read KT148A Voice Chip (Serial Version) — MCU Malfunction During Music Playback William William William Follow Nov 10 '25 KT148A Voice Chip (Serial Version) — MCU Malfunction During Music Playback # devbugsmash # devto # beginners # devops Comments Add Comment 2 min read Making DIY High-Performance Air Purifier for Delhi: Build Guide Akaalforge Akaalforge Akaalforge Follow Nov 21 '25 Making DIY High-Performance Air Purifier for Delhi: Build Guide # beginners # tutorial 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read Unlocking the Full Potential of LED Strips: Long-Run Solutions for Makers emmma emmma emmma Follow Dec 12 '25 Unlocking the Full Potential of LED Strips: Long-Run Solutions for Makers # light # beginners 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 2 min read Exploring Long-Run LED Strips for Open-Source Makers: How to Achieve Stable, Reliable Lighting Over Distance emmma emmma emmma Follow Dec 12 '25 Exploring Long-Run LED Strips for Open-Source Makers: How to Achieve Stable, Reliable Lighting Over Distance # programming # ai # beginners # productivity 2 reactions Comments 3 comments 2 min read How I built a budget-friendly LED strip lighting setup for my workspace / bedroom — and what worked (and didn’t) emmma emmma emmma Follow Dec 10 '25 How I built a budget-friendly LED strip lighting setup for my workspace / bedroom — and what worked (and didn’t) # electronics # leds # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read What are the differences in control methods between RGB light strips and monochrome light strips? emmma emmma emmma Follow Dec 1 '25 What are the differences in control methods between RGB light strips and monochrome light strips? # arduino # beginners # iot 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Is a Solid State Relay the Future of Efficient and Reliable Power Switching Technology? BEN DUCKET BEN DUCKET BEN DUCKET Follow Oct 28 '25 Is a Solid State Relay the Future of Efficient and Reliable Power Switching Technology? # beginners # iot # robotics Comments Add Comment 5 min read Nano Banana Tutorial Guide: Transform Pet Photos and Art into 3D Collectibles Monica997 Monica997 Monica997 Follow Sep 18 '25 Nano Banana Tutorial Guide: Transform Pet Photos and Art into 3D Collectibles # beginners # tutorial 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 3 min read October 2025 Maker Roundup: Big Mergers, Cool Builds, and Fresh Kits Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Oct 12 '25 October 2025 Maker Roundup: Big Mergers, Cool Builds, and Fresh Kits # news # beginners # tutorial # raspberrypi 20 reactions Comments 3 comments 3 min read loading... trending guides/resources Interactive LED Chaser with 555 Timer & CD4017 DIY Guide The Most Common LED Strip “Fails” Aren’t the Strip — They’re Optics + Power Planning How I built a budget-friendly LED strip lighting setup for my workspace / bedroom — and what work... Unlocking the Full Potential of LED Strips: Long-Run Solutions for Makers KT148A Voice Chip (Serial Version) — MCU Malfunction During Music Playback Designing Parts That Actually Print on Cheap Hardware Making DIY High-Performance Air Purifier for Delhi: Build Guide What are the differences in control methods between RGB light strips and monochrome light strips? 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Maker Forem — A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Maker Forem © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/mwolfhoffman | Michael Wolf Hoffman - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Michael Wolf Hoffman 404 bio not found Location Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Joined Joined on Apr 30, 2020 github website Work Software Engineer Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close 4 Week Writing Streak You've posted at least one post per week for 4 consecutive weeks! Got it Close More info about @mwolfhoffman Post 15 posts published Comment 1 comment written Tag 19 tags followed Quitting Coffee as a Software Engineer Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Jan 25 '22 Quitting Coffee as a Software Engineer # discuss # productivity # career # motivation 3 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read Want to connect with Michael Wolf Hoffman? Create an account to connect with Michael Wolf Hoffman. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Jan 22 '22 Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which # sql # firebase # database # webdev 24 reactions Comments 6 comments 3 min read Where to Publish Plugins, Add-ons, and Extensions for Software Engineers and Entrepreneurs Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Jan 21 '22 Where to Publish Plugins, Add-ons, and Extensions for Software Engineers and Entrepreneurs # webdev # startup # saas # career Comments 1 comment 4 min read How to Use React + Supabase Pt 2: Working with the Database Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Nov 30 '21 How to Use React + Supabase Pt 2: Working with the Database # react # webdev # javascript # programming 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Show Your Work: A Software Engineering Book Review Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Nov 30 '21 Show Your Work: A Software Engineering Book Review 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read How To Use React + Supabase Pt 1: Setting Up a Project and Supabase Authentication Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Nov 23 '21 How To Use React + Supabase Pt 1: Setting Up a Project and Supabase Authentication # react # webdev # javascript # programming 15 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read How to Use JWT with Node.js, Express, and SQLite Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Jan 19 '21 How to Use JWT with Node.js, Express, and SQLite 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read The Best JS Framework and How To Choose One Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Jan 16 '21 The Best JS Framework and How To Choose One 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read What is CI/CD: Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery For Beginners Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Jan 7 '21 What is CI/CD: Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery For Beginners 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read What To Do With Shared And Complex Logic in React Applications Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Jan 7 '21 What To Do With Shared And Complex Logic in React Applications Comments Add Comment 4 min read The Common Ailments of Software Developers: Burnout and Imposter Syndrome: Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Jan 5 '21 The Common Ailments of Software Developers: Burnout and Imposter Syndrome: 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 8 min read How to Build a REST API with Node and Express Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Jan 3 '21 How to Build a REST API with Node and Express # node # javascript # express 25 reactions Comments 3 comments 14 min read TypeError vs ReferenceError in JavaScript Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Dec 31 '20 TypeError vs ReferenceError in JavaScript Comments Add Comment 3 min read 5 Best Books for Software Developers in 2021 Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Dec 30 '20 5 Best Books for Software Developers in 2021 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Seven Habits of Highly Effective Software Developers Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Dec 20 '20 Seven Habits of Highly Effective Software Developers 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # firebase Follow Hide Firebase helps you build and run successful apps. It offers products and solutions you can rely on through your app's journey. Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Exploring Supabase for Android: A Modern Alternative to Firebase supriya shah supriya shah supriya shah Follow Jan 12 Exploring Supabase for Android: A Modern Alternative to Firebase # android # mobile # supabase # firebase Comments Add Comment 3 min read Introducing Firebomb: Open Source Firebase Penetration Testing Victor Yrazusta Ibarra Victor Yrazusta Ibarra Victor Yrazusta Ibarra Follow Jan 10 Introducing Firebomb: Open Source Firebase Penetration Testing # showdev # security # cli # firebase 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Validating 500K Push Tokens with Firebase Dry-Run Sangwoo Lee Sangwoo Lee Sangwoo Lee Follow Jan 7 Validating 500K Push Tokens with Firebase Dry-Run # firebase # dryrun # pushtoken # bullmq Comments Add Comment 14 min read I Built a Terminal UI for Firebase Firestore (and It Changed How I Work) Marjo Marjo Marjo Follow Jan 10 I Built a Terminal UI for Firebase Firestore (and It Changed How I Work) # firebase # opensource # cli # go 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read 🚀 Supercarga la Autenticación en NestJS con Firebase Tomás Alegre Sepúlveda Tomás Alegre Sepúlveda Tomás Alegre Sepúlveda Follow Jan 4 🚀 Supercarga la Autenticación en NestJS con Firebase # firebase # typescript # nestjs # security Comments Add Comment 3 min read Digital Invitations & AI: A Small Effort to Make Wedding Planning a Bit Easier TITAS MALLICK TITAS MALLICK TITAS MALLICK Follow Jan 3 Digital Invitations & AI: A Small Effort to Make Wedding Planning a Bit Easier # nextjs # heroui # firebase 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Firebase Dynamic Links is being deprecated – here’s how I use LinkHive with Flutter akram chorfi akram chorfi akram chorfi Follow Dec 25 '25 Firebase Dynamic Links is being deprecated – here’s how I use LinkHive with Flutter # discuss # flutter # firebase Comments Add Comment 3 min read Tech Trading | Mobile Developer & NSE Trader Dilip Kumar (DK) Dilip Kumar (DK) Dilip Kumar (DK) Follow Dec 23 '25 Tech Trading | Mobile Developer & NSE Trader # firebase # mobileapp # development # sentiment Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Build a Social Media App Using React Native + Firebase (Step-by-Step Guide) Jack Davis Jack Davis Jack Davis Follow Dec 25 '25 How to Build a Social Media App Using React Native + Firebase (Step-by-Step Guide) # reactnative # firebase # javascript # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Stop Losing 86% of Mobile Users: Lazy Auth with Firebase (Tutorial) arnostorg arnostorg arnostorg Follow Jan 2 Stop Losing 86% of Mobile Users: Lazy Auth with Firebase (Tutorial) # firebase # react # javascript # webdev 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Built 'firex' - A CLI Tool for Firestore Operations with AI Agent Integration Yuji Yamamoto Yuji Yamamoto Yuji Yamamoto Follow Dec 22 '25 I Built 'firex' - A CLI Tool for Firestore Operations with AI Agent Integration # firebase # firestore # cli # mcp 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Building a Production-Ready Scheduled Push Notification System with NestJS Cron and Firebase Sangwoo Lee Sangwoo Lee Sangwoo Lee Follow Dec 15 '25 Building a Production-Ready Scheduled Push Notification System with NestJS Cron and Firebase # nestjs # crontab # firebase # backend Comments Add Comment 12 min read Antiquora Aditya raj Singh Aditya raj Singh Aditya raj Singh Follow Dec 20 '25 Antiquora # android # mobile # learning # firebase 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How I Built a Flutter + Gemini AI App to "Hack" My University Attendance (Open Source) Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Follow Jan 3 How I Built a Flutter + Gemini AI App to "Hack" My University Attendance (Open Source) # flutter # firebase # gemini # fullstack 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building GamerLinks: A Link-in-Bio Platform with Auto Content Scheduling for Gaming Creators gamerlinks gamerlinks gamerlinks Follow Dec 5 '25 Building GamerLinks: A Link-in-Bio Platform with Auto Content Scheduling for Gaming Creators # webdev # react # firebase # javascript Comments Add Comment 4 min read How I Made a Voice-First Todo List That's Actually Fast (And Why I Rewrote Half of It) Isidore Mikorey-Nilsson Isidore Mikorey-Nilsson Isidore Mikorey-Nilsson Follow Dec 26 '25 How I Made a Voice-First Todo List That's Actually Fast (And Why I Rewrote Half of It) # ai # ios # buildinpublic # firebase Comments Add Comment 19 min read RecipeHub Kyle Y. Parsotan Kyle Y. Parsotan Kyle Y. Parsotan Follow Dec 3 '25 RecipeHub # webdev # machinelearning # ai # firebase Comments Add Comment 4 min read I built a FireCMS Clone using Svelte 4 — Here’s what I learned Ortwin Ortwin Ortwin Follow Nov 30 '25 I built a FireCMS Clone using Svelte 4 — Here’s what I learned # showdev # webdev # svelte # firebase Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to upload image to Firebase Storage from your expressjs app. Madhav Pandey Madhav Pandey Madhav Pandey Follow Nov 28 '25 How to upload image to Firebase Storage from your expressjs app. # firebase # cloudstorage # express # webdev Comments Add Comment 6 min read Firebase + Svelte 5: The Definitive Guide Evgenij (Eugene) Beloded Evgenij (Eugene) Beloded Evgenij (Eugene) Beloded Follow Dec 30 '25 Firebase + Svelte 5: The Definitive Guide # firebase # svelte # firestore 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 17 min read Streaming AI Speech with Gemini 2.5 Flash TTS, Angular, and Firebase Connie Leung Connie Leung Connie Leung Follow Dec 31 '25 Streaming AI Speech with Gemini 2.5 Flash TTS, Angular, and Firebase # webdev # angular # firebase # gemini Comments Add Comment 13 min read Android Firebase 통합 가이드 dss99911 dss99911 dss99911 Follow Dec 31 '25 Android Firebase 통합 가이드 # mobile # android # firebase # fcm Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building a Video Generation Pipeline with Angular, Veo 3.1, and Firebase Cloud Functions Connie Leung Connie Leung Connie Leung Follow Dec 28 '25 Building a Video Generation Pipeline with Angular, Veo 3.1, and Firebase Cloud Functions # webdev # ai # firebase # angular Comments Add Comment 12 min read The 3 AM Bug That Taught Me More Than My Bachelor's Computer Degree VivekLumbhani VivekLumbhani VivekLumbhani Follow Nov 21 '25 The 3 AM Bug That Taught Me More Than My Bachelor's Computer Degree # flutter # dart # learning # firebase Comments Add Comment 6 min read The Power of Gemini inside Trello: Building an LLM Assistant with Firebase Genkit Denis Valášek Denis Valášek Denis Valášek Follow Dec 21 '25 The Power of Gemini inside Trello: Building an LLM Assistant with Firebase Genkit # firebase # gemini # genkit # ai Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... trending guides/resources Set up RAG with Genkit and Firebase in 15 minutes Streaming AI Speech with Gemini 2.5 Flash TTS, Angular, and Firebase Building an AI-Powered Alt Text Generator with Angular, Firebase AI Logic, and Gemini 3 The Power of Gemini inside Trello: Building an LLM Assistant with Firebase Genkit Multi-Turn Chat to Edit Images with NanoBanana, Angular and Firebase AI Logic Supabase Functions vs Firebase Cloud Functions — Why we Switched for our Eventra Project Automating DevRel: How I Use Gemini CLI and Gemini 3 to Catch Bugs in My Blog Posts Digital Invitations & AI: A Small Effort to Make Wedding Planning a Bit Easier Decoupling Firebase Push Notification Logic with BullMQ - From Synchronous Chaos to Asynchronous ... Stop Losing 86% of Mobile Users: Lazy Auth with Firebase (Tutorial) fullcircle • A Mindful Dating App with Community Events & Self-Growth (TestFlight Available!) The 3 AM Bug That Taught Me More Than My Bachelor's Computer Degree Firebase Security Is Broken. Here's the Tool I Built to Fix It. How to Build a Social Media App Using React Native + Firebase (Step-by-Step Guide) How I Built a Flutter + Gemini AI App to "Hack" My University Attendance (Open Source) Building a Video Generation Pipeline with Angular, Veo 3.1, and Firebase Cloud Functions Firebase Push Tokens Are Device-Specific, Not User-Specific: A Critical Refactoring Building a Production-Ready Scheduled Push Notification System with NestJS Cron and Firebase 💾 Day 4: Firebase Integration & Password Reset Complete! Firebase Studio Prototyper Wasted My Entire Weekend - A Rant 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://certification.oshwa.org/list.html | OSHWA Certified Projects List OSHWA Certified Projects List menu close home Certify a project Get Started Requirements Certification Mark License Agreement The Certification Process Introduction Hardware Software Documentation Branding Projects Project Listing API Open Source Hardware Basics Frequently Asked Questions About OSHWA tune filters USE THE API Search and Filters Country Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Guatemala Hungary India Indonesia Iran Ireland Israel Italy Japan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malaysia Mauritius Mexico Moldova Netherlands New Zealand Norway Pakistan Panama Peru Poland Portugal Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Serbia Singapore Slovakia Slovenia South Korea Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Thailand Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom United States of America Venezuela Vietnam Clear Filters close Project Types 3D Printing Agriculture Arts Education Electronics Enclosure Environmental Home Connection IOT Manufacturing Other Robotics Science Sound Space Tool Wearables Licenses Hardware License Select one CC-BY-4.0 CC-BY-SA-4.0 CC0-1.0 CERN CERN-OHL-1.2 CERN-OHL-P-2.0 CERN-OHL-S-2.0 CERN-OHL-W-2.0 GPL GPL-3.0-only GPL-3.0-or-later MIT Other Solderpad TAPR Software License Select one Apache CC-BY-4.0 CC-BY-SA-4.0 CC0-1.0 CERN-OHL-P-2.0 CERN-OHL-S-2.0 CERN-OHL-W-2.0 GPL GPL-3.0-only GPL-3.0-or-later LGPL MIT Mozilla No software Other Certified Open Source Hardware Projects Project name expand_more UID expand_more Project type expand_more Certification date expand_more OpenLog US000001 Electronics October 01, 2016 Nathan Seidle United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA Arduino blink(1) USB notification light US000051 Electronics October 04, 2016 ThingM United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA USB light BeagleBone Black Wireless US000011 Electronics October 06, 2016 BeagleBoard.org Foundation United States of America Other Other CC BY Computer ColorHug UK000001 Electronics August 16, 2018 Hughski Limited United Kingdom CERN GPL CC BY-SA color calibration display HackEEG US000027 Electronics October 08, 2016 StarCat, LLC United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA EEG Arduino shield Smoothieware FR000001 Electronics October 08, 2016 Smoothie France CERN GPL Other CNC controller SAV MAKER I ES000002 Electronics October 08, 2016 Francisco Malpartida Spain CERN GPL Other HW prototype board OpenEVSE US000028 Electronics October 08, 2016 OpenEVSE LLC United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA Hardware Software Firmware electric car charging Open.Theremin CH000001 Sound October 08, 2016 Urs Gaudenz Switzerland Other LGPL Other Arduino Shield Music Instrument OneRNG NZ000001 Electronics October 08, 2016 Moonbase Otago Ltd New Zealand Other GPL Other random number generator Byteman MX000001 Electronics October 10, 2016 edx-TwIn3 Mexico Other Other CC BY-SA graphical engine microcontroller display animation LED AXIOM AT000001 Electronics October 12, 2016 apertus° Association Austria CERN GPL Other digital cinema artistic camera computer vision NeuroBytes US000024 Electronics October 13, 2016 NeuroTinker, LLC United States of America Other GPL Other educational technology NID network interface device Canzasi JP000001 Electronics October 16, 2016 D.F.Mac. @TripArts Music Japan Other Other CC BY testing board Parabolic Electronically Positioned Solar Hot Water Heater MX000002 Science October 16, 2016 Fundación Anisa, A.C. Mexico Other Other Other parabolic solar hot water heater Autorouter 101 - Design Rules Setup US000035 Electronics October 19, 2016 Altium LLC United States of America Other Other CC BY PCB CircuitMaker ECAD Single Board Computer 80C51 microcontroller PCB design PCB schematic. Europi UK000002 Sound October 20, 2016 Audio Morphology United Kingdom Other Other Other Eurorack music synthesis music sequencing Raspberry Pi LulzBot TAZ Desktop 3D Printer US000029 3D Printing October 24, 2016 Lulzbot United States of America Other GPL Other LulzBot TAZ desktop LulzBot TAZ Single Extruder Tool Head US000043 3D Printing October 24, 2016 Lulzbot United States of America Other GPL Other 3D Printer Accessory LulzBot TAZ Flexystruder Tool Head US000037 3D Printing October 24, 2016 Lulzbot United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA 3D Printer Accessory LulzBot TAZ Dual Extruder Tool Head US000039 3D Printing October 24, 2016 Lulzbot United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA 3D Printer Accessory LulzBot TAZ FlexyDually Tool Head US000046 3D Printing October 24, 2016 Aleph Objects, Inc. United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA 3D Printer Accessory LulzBot TAZ FlexyDually Tool Head US000046 3D Printing October 24, 2016 Aleph Objects, Inc. United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA 3D Printer Accessory LulzBot Mini Desktop 3D Printer US000030 3D Printing October 24, 2016 Lulzbot United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA 3D Printer LulzBot Mini Single Extruder Tool Head US000019 3D Printing October 24, 2016 Lulzbot United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA 3D Printer Accessory LulzBot Mini Flexystruder Tool Head US000005 3D Printing October 24, 2016 Lulzbot United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA 3D Printer Accessory LulzBot Hot End US000020 3D Printing October 24, 2016 Lulzbot United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA 3D Printer Accessory Archim US000022 3D Printing October 28, 2016 UltiMachine United States of America CERN GPL Other keyswitch.one US000032 Electronics October 30, 2016 Sizigi Studios United States of America Other MIT Other Keyboard Keychain Shepard Test Stand US000006 Tool October 30, 2016 Mach 30 United States of America TAPR Apache CC BY Spaceflight Rockets Test Stand Instrumentation Test Fixture Testing Tools EQ-1 Headphones US000038 Sound October 31, 2016 3D Central United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA over-ear headphones consumer electronics SparkFun XBee Explorer Serial US000002 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other MIT CC BY-SA Wireless RF hobbyist electronics SparkFun XBee Explorer Regulated US000008 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA RF hobbyist electronics EasyDriver - Stepper Motor Driver US000052 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA RF hobbyist electronics stepper motor driver bi-polar motors Big Easy Driver US000036 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics stepper motor driver bi-polar motors motor control SparkFun Load Cell Amplifier - HX711 US000013 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics sensor breakout board SparkFun Battery Babysitter - LiPo Battery Manager US000026 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other MIT CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics power control battery LiPo SparkFun Soil Moisture Sensor US000017 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics sensor moisture SparkFun Proto Pedal US000041 Sound October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics audio control guitar pedal SparkFun Electret Microphone Breakout US000034 Sound October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics audio microphone breakout board SparkFun Humidity and Temperature Sensor Breakout - SHT15 US000023 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics sensors temperature humidity SparkFun SOIC to DIP Adapter - 8-Pin US000047 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other MIT CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics prototyping PCD SOIC DIP SparkFun Large Digit Driver US000015 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other MIT CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics LED control display SparkFun EL Sequencer US000040 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics EL electroluminescent display SparkFun Decade Resistance Box US000044 Tool October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics workbench tool soldering kit SparkFun SparkPunk Sound Kit US000016 Sound October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics audio synthesizer sound generator Atari Punk Console APC SparkFun SparkPunk Sequencer Kit US000004 Sound October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other MIT CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics audio sequencer SparkPunk Kit SparkFun SAMD21 Mini Breakout US000018 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics microcontroller ARM breakout board SparkFun MP3 Player Shield US000014 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other MIT CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics audio MP3 music Arduino SparkFun Motor Driver - Dual TB6612FNG (1A) US000009 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other MIT CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics motor control SparkFun ESP8266 Thing US000025 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other MIT CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics microcontroller internet of things WiFi breakout board SparkFun WiFi Shield - ESP8266 US000003 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other MIT CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics microcontroller internet of things WiFi breakout board Arduino SparkFun ESP8266 Thing SparkFun 9DoF IMU Breakout - LSM9DS1 US000021 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics microcontroller accelerometer gyroscope magnetometer 9DOF sensor SparkFun 9DoF Sensor Stick US000033 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics microcontroller accelerometer gyroscope magnetometer 9DOF sensor IMU LSM9DS1 SparkFun Sound Detector US000012 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics audio sensor SparkFun Triple Axis Accelerometer Breakout - ADXL345 US000042 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics accelerometer sensor F-F-Fiddle US000010 Sound October 31, 2016 OpenFab PDX United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA musical instrument electric violin FFF 3D Printing Blinky Buildings: Empire State US000045 Electronics October 31, 2016 Lunchbox Electronics United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA soldering kit Learn to Solder Kit: Blink US000048 Tool November 01, 2016 Learn to Solder Kits LLC United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA soldering kit Arduino Pro Mini 328 - 5V/16MHz US000031 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics Arduino microcontroller Arduino Pro Mini 328 - 3.3V/8MHz US000007 Electronics October 31, 2016 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA hobbyist electronics Arduino microcontroller ESXAR JP000002 Electronics November 01, 2016 OPENFORCE Japan Other Other Other Mycroft Mark 1 US000049 Sound November 01, 2016 Mycroft AI United States of America CERN GPL Other smart speaker audio sensor Open Source Laboratory Sample Rotator Mixer and Shaker US000050 Science November 02, 2016 Karankumar Chandrakant Dhankani United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA Arduino Shaker Mixer Rotator Lab Signum_The Invisible Revealed ES000003 Sound November 07, 2016 Víctor Mazón Gardoqui Spain Other Other CC BY-SA amplifier translator TRANS/MISSION DE000001 Sound November 07, 2016 Víctor Mazón Gardoqui Germany Other Other CC BY-SA USB sound card wireless communication ADS1292R ECG/respiration shield and breakout board IN000001 Electronics November 08, 2016 ProtoCentral India Other MIT CC BY-SA Arduino Raspberry Pi microcontroller ECG respiration sensor breakout board medical device tomu AU000001 Electronics November 08, 2016 Tim Ansell Australia TAPR Other CC BY-SA ARM microprocessor USB peripheral Pulse Oximeter & Heart Rate Sensor based on MAX30100 IN000002 Electronics November 09, 2016 ProtoCentral India Other MIT CC BY-SA sensor board medical hardware pulse oximeter medical device OpenCEM 3340 DE000002 Sound November 10, 2016 Daniel Bachmann Germany Other Other CC BY-SA Synth module VCO CEM 3340 LulzBot TAZ MOARstruder Tool Head US000053 3D Printing November 16, 2016 Lulzbot United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA extruder CE003 Expanding & Displacement Bag Digester UK000003 Environmental November 16, 2016 CREATIVenergie United Kingdom Other Other Other biogas digester AFE4490 Pulse Oximeter Shield Kit for Arduino IN000003 Science November 19, 2016 ProtoCentral India Other MIT Other medical SP02 specific oxygen heart rate Eurorack modules FR000002 Sound November 28, 2016 Mutable Instruments France Other GPL Other Synthesizer Tentacle Shield Mini CH000002 Science December 07, 2016 Whitebox Labs Switzerland Other No software CC BY-SA arduino shield PH Dissolved Oxygen Electric Conductivity e.c. Oxidation-Reduction Potential orp rtd temperature temp Tentacle Shield CH000003 Science December 07, 2016 Whitebox Labs Switzerland Other No software CC BY-SA arduino shield PH Dissolved Oxygen Electric Conductivity e.c. Oxidation-Reduction Potential orp rtd temperature temp Tentacle T3 for Raspberry Pi CH000004 Science December 07, 2016 Whitebox Labs Switzerland Other No software CC BY-SA raspberry pi PH Dissolved Oxygen Electric Conductivity e.c. Oxidation-Reduction Potential orp rtd temperature temp Lixie Display US000054 Electronics December 10, 2016 Cautious Design United States of America Other No software Other nixie nixie tube KidCareTV TH000001 Tool December 10, 2016 EmOne Thailand Other Other Other kids tv Nixie Pipe UK000004 Arts December 15, 2016 JBR Engineering Research Ltd United Kingdom Other GPL CC BY-SA nixie nixie tube display CANtact CA000001 Tool December 19, 2016 Linklayer Labs Canada Other No software CC BY-SA can bus Snowflake Pendant US000055 Wearables December 21, 2016 Jeff Glancy Desings United States of America Other LGPL Other snowflake pendant Attiny85 led CHIRIMEN hardware CMN2015-1 JP000003 IOT December 22, 2016 CHIRIMEN Open Hardware Community Japan Other Other Other Meggy Jr RGB US000056 Education December 27, 2016 Evil Mad Science LLC United States of America Other GPL Other led arduino Holoseat US000058 Other December 28, 2016 Model B, LLC United States of America CERN GPL CC BY-SA workout exercise gaming Handibot, Smart Power Tool US000057 Tool December 28, 2016 ShopBot Tools, Inc. United States of America Other Apache Other cnc Propeller 1 Multicore Microcontroller US000059 Electronics January 07, 2017 Parallax, Inc. United States of America Other GPL Other microcontroller Anduino US000063 Electronics January 13, 2017 Andium United States of America Other Apache Other arduino shield Little Driver US000062 3D Printing January 17, 2017 Digital Sqrt United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA heated bed LittleRP US000060 3D Printing January 27, 2017 Brad Hill United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA dlp projector Panucatt Devices Re-ARM Controller US000061 3D Printing February 06, 2017 Panucatt Devices United States of America CERN Other Other cnc laser cutter mega IC3D ABS 3D Printing Filament US000066 3D Printing February 22, 2017 IC3D United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA filament BeagleBone Blue US000064 Electronics March 13, 2017 BeagleBoard.org Foundation United States of America Other Other CC BY linux computer platform ProtoCentral MAX30003 Single-lead ECG Breakout Board IN000004 Electronics March 18, 2017 ProtoCentral India Other MIT CC BY-SA MAX30003 ecg ProtoCentral HealthyPi ECG, Respiration and SpO2 HAT - v2 - for Raspberry Pi IN000005 Electronics April 07, 2017 ProtoCentral India Other MIT CC BY-SA ecg raspberry pi hat pulse oximetry Little Driver US000065 3D Printing April 08, 2017 Digital Sqrt United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA heated bed Adafruit-Metro-M0-Express US000067 Electronics June 27, 2017 Adafruit United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA microcontroller EC_Salinity Probe Interface US000069 Environmental July 17, 2017 uFire United States of America Other MIT Other hydroponic salinity Neuroon Open US000068 Wearables July 13, 2017 Inteliclinic United States of America CERN Other Other sleep eeg dream Synthex VCF DE000003 Sound July 13, 2017 Datasette/XnotoX Germany Other Other Other Synthesizer GreatFET US000070 Electronics July 14, 2017 Great Scott Gadgets United States of America Other Other Other usb OF1 FR000003 Other July 23, 2017 Openfoil France Other No software CC BY-SA hydrofoil kite kitesurf Portable Linear Power Supply US000071 Electronics July 25, 2017 Protocol Electronics United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA power supply Chibi Chip SG000001 Electronics August 03, 2017 Chibitronics PTE LTD Singapore CERN No software Other microcontroller Chibi Scope SG000002 Electronics August 04, 2017 Chibitronics PTE LTD Singapore CERN No software Other serial monitor Protean PWM Logger US000072 Electronics August 06, 2017 Protean Technologies LLC United States of America Other Other Other pwm servo Astroschelle DE000004 Space August 07, 2017 dakloifarwa Germany Other No software CC BY Chibi Book SG000003 Electronics August 15, 2017 Chibitronics PTE LTD Singapore CERN No software Other OSH Park Badge US000073 Electronics August 17, 2017 Kenneth Olsen United States of America Other No software CC BY badge surface mount InlineCleaner DE000005 Tool August 21, 2017 Die Film-Retter Germany Other No software CC BY super 8 film cleaner Tympan US000074 Tool August 30, 2017 Joel Murphy United States of America Other MIT Other accessibility hearing assistive technology Arduino Pulse Sensor Amped US000075 Tool August 30, 2017 World Famous Electronics, LLC United States of America Other MIT Other Biosensing heart heart rate health sensor pH Probe Interface US000076 Tool September 01, 2017 Justin Decker United States of America Other Other Other Probe interface Hologram Nova US000077 IOT September 14, 2017 Hologram United States of America Other Other Other cellular modem Cyton US000078 Electronics September 15, 2017 OpenBCI, Inc United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA Biosensing EEG EMG ECG Daisy Module US000079 Electronics September 15, 2017 OpenBCI, Inc United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA Biosensing EEG EMG ECG OpenBCI Dongle US000080 Electronics September 15, 2017 OpenBCI, Inc United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA Biosensing EEG EMG ECG Ganglion US000081 Electronics September 18, 2017 OpenBCI, Inc United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA Bioelectric potential sensing EEG EMG ECG Hologram Dash US000082 Electronics September 26, 2017 Hologram United States of America Other Other Other microcontroller PocketBeagle US000083 Electronics October 06, 2017 BeagleBoard.org Foundation United States of America Other Other CC BY Single board computer USB key fob Mouse US000084 Electronics October 12, 2017 Pako Bots division of Origami 3 United States of America Other GPL Other maker printable sino:bit CN000001 Electronics October 13, 2017 Naomi Wu China Other MIT Other microcontroller LulzBot TAZ Aerostruder Tool Head US000085 3D Printing October 13, 2017 Lulzbot United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA 3D Printer Accessory LulzBot Mini Aerostruder Tool Head US000086 3D Printing October 13, 2017 Lulzbot United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA 3D Printer Accessory LulzBot TAZ Dual Extruder v3 US000087 3D Printing October 13, 2017 Lulzbot United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA 3D Printer Accessory PC Henshin CA000002 Electronics October 17, 2017 René Richard Canada CERN GPL Other Video Game Accessory Open Source Lonely Roads AU000002 Sound October 21, 2017 Bruno Herfst Australia Other Other CC BY-SA Open Source Synthesizer Parts Eurorack active linear power distribution board LoFive US000088 Electronics November 18, 2017 QWERTY Embedded Design, LLC United States of America CERN GPL Other Microcontroller yatagarasu-red JP000004 Electronics November 19, 2017 Drone Community Japan Association Japan Other Other CC BY-SA Drone Ardupilot Electronical Engineering DIY ARM64 Linux Flight Controller Kicad termoDaQ VE000001 Environmental November 23, 2017 Jesús Alfonso Rodriguez Lista Venezuela Other Other CC BY-SA water sensor Papercraft Spectrometer US000089 Science November 30, 2017 Public Lab United States of America CERN No software CC BY-SA spectrometer DomoNode IT000001 IOT December 12, 2017 Diego Zuccato Italy CERN MIT Other home DomoNode-inout IT000002 IOT January 03, 2018 Diego Zuccato Italy CERN MIT Other Home automation DomoDisp IT000003 IOT January 08, 2018 Diego Zuccato Italy CERN MIT Other Home automation ORP Probe Interface US000090 Electronics December 19, 2017 Justin Decker United States of America CERN GPL Other Sensor Interface Smart Vent System Hardware US000092 Electronics January 10, 2018 Ecovent Systems Inc. United States of America Other MIT Other Smart Vent climate control home Frog US000091 Robotics January 13, 2018 Pako Bots United States of America Other GPL Other Of2 FR000004 Other January 16, 2018 Openfoil France Other Other CC BY-SA hydrofoil kite kitesurf Authboard US000093 Electronics January 17, 2018 Google, LLC United States of America Other Apache Other Raspberry Pi Hat Meta-makerspace Hardware ESP8266 Button US000094 Electronics January 21, 2018 Google, LLC United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA ESP module carrier Single Hammock US000095 Other January 24, 2018 Hummingbird Hammocks, LLC United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA Outdoor Gear Single+ Hammock US000096 Other January 25, 2018 Hummingbird Hammocks, LLC United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA Outdoor Gear Double Hammock US000097 Other January 25, 2018 Hummingbird Hammocks, LLC United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA Outdoor Gear Tree Straps US000098 Other January 25, 2018 Hummingbird Hammocks, LLC United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA Outdoor Gear Tree Straps+ US000099 Other January 25, 2018 Hummingbird Hammocks, LLC United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA Outdoor Gear Tree Strap Extensions US000100 Other January 25, 2018 Hummingbird Hammocks, LLC United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA Outdoor Gear Heron Rain Tarp US000101 Other January 25, 2018 Hummingbird Hammocks, LLC United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA Outdoor Gear Pelican Rain Tarp US000102 Other January 25, 2018 Hummingbird Hammocks, LLC United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA Outdoor Gear Warbler Bug Net US000103 Other January 25, 2018 Hummingbird Hammocks, LLC United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA Outdoor Gear Button Links US000104 Other January 25, 2018 Hummingbird Hammocks, LLC United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA Outdoor Gear Guyline Friction Adjusters US000105 Other January 25, 2018 Hummingbird Hammocks, LLC United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA Outdoor Gear Rain Tarp Quick Adjuster US000106 Other January 25, 2018 Hummingbird Hammocks, LLC United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA Outdoor Gear Infinite Noise TRNG DE000006 Electronics January 29, 2018 13-37.org electronics Germany Other Other Other security device Waft UK000005 Sound February 22, 2018 Audio Morphology United Kingdom Other MIT CC BY-SA Music Hardware LulzBot Mini Graphical LCD Controller US000107 3D Printing January 30, 2018 Lulzbot United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA 3D Printer Accessory NeuroBytes Rod Photoreceptor US000108 Electronics January 31, 2018 NeuroTinker, LLC United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA educational technology NeuroBytes Motor Neuron US000109 Electronics January 31, 2018 NeuroTinker, LLC United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA educational technology NeuroBytes Touch Sensory Neuron US000110 Electronics January 31, 2018 NeuroTinker, LLC United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA educational technology NeuroBytes Pressure Sensory Neuron US000111 Electronics January 31, 2018 NeuroTinker, LLC United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA educational technology NeuroBytes Tonic Neuron US000112 Electronics January 31, 2018 NeuroTinker, LLC United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA educational technology NeuroBytes Interneuron US000113 Electronics January 31, 2018 NeuroTinker, LLC United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA educational technology NeuroBytes Battery Pack US000114 Electronics January 31, 2018 NeuroTinker, LLC United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA educational technology battery NeuroBytes Network Interface Device US000115 Electronics January 31, 2018 NeuroTinker, LLC United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA educational technology battery ISE Interface Probe US000116 Electronics February 03, 2018 Justin Decker United States of America CERN GPL Other sensor LulzBot Mini 2 3D Printer US000117 3D Printing March 06, 2018 Lulzbot United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA Desktop 3D Printer Pi Fets US000118 Electronics March 06, 2018 Tim Hatch United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA Pi Hat LED Stack Light US000119 Electronics March 07, 2018 Google, LLC United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA Makerspace tool accessory Square Grid Board US000120 Electronics March 07, 2018 Google, LLC United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA Component for game demo ESPTINY86 Stompbox ID000001 Sound August 17, 2018 Center for Alternative Coconut Research Indonesia Other No software Other audio experimentation Nitrokey Storage 2 DE000007 Tool September 01, 2018 Nitrokey UG (haftungsbeschränkt) Germany Other LGPL Other encryption cryptographic cryptography Nitrokey Pro 2 DE000008 Tool September 01, 2018 Nitrokey UG (haftungsbeschränkt) Germany Other LGPL Other encryption cryptographic cryptography Nitrokey FIDO U2F DE000009 Tool September 01, 2018 Nitrokey UG (haftungsbeschränkt) Germany Other LGPL Other encryption cryptographic cryptography Nitrokey Start DE000010 Tool September 01, 2018 Nitrokey UG (haftungsbeschränkt) Germany Other LGPL Other encryption cryptographic cryptography Nitrokey HSM DE000011 Tool September 02, 2018 Nitrokey UG (haftungsbeschränkt) Germany Other LGPL Other encryption cryptographic cryptography Learn to Solder Kit: Hue US000134 Education September 03, 2018 Learn to Solder Kits LLC United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA solder Learn to Solder Kit: Jitterbug US000135 Education September 03, 2018 Learn to Solder Kits LLC United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA solder ESP32-EVB BG000011 IOT September 11, 2018 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other No software Other development board wifi ethernet ESP32-PRO BG000010 IOT September 11, 2018 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other No software Other development board wifi ethernet ESP32-GATEWAY BG000012 IOT September 11, 2018 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other No software Other development board wifi ethernet MOD-WIFI-ESP8266 BG000013 IOT September 15, 2018 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other No software Other development board wifi ethernet MOD-WIFI-ESP8266-DEV BG000014 IOT September 15, 2018 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other No software Other development board wifi ESP8266-EVB BG000015 IOT September 15, 2018 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other No software Other development board wifi esp8266 ESP8266-EVB-BAT BG000016 IOT September 15, 2018 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other No software Other development board wifi esp8266 Daffodil US000136 Tool September 17, 2018 Great Scott Gadgets United States of America Other No software Other breadboard solderless NeTV2 US000137 Electronics September 17, 2018 Alphamax LLC United States of America Other Other Other FPGA digital video video LulzBot SE Tool Head | Single Extruder | 0.5 mm US000138 3D Printing September 21, 2018 Lulzbot United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA extruder Launcher RTD Analog Front End Board US000139 Electronics September 22, 2018 Harker E Russell IV United States of America TAPR No software Other sensor RTD un0rick - ultrasound imaging development platform FR000005 Science March 07, 2018 Luc Jonveaux France TAPR Other Other ultrasound FPGA LED Ring Light US000121 Science March 08, 2018 Capable Robot Components United States of America CERN Other CC BY-SA ultrasound FPGA Opti-Tekscope ANAVI Light pHAT BG000001 Electronics March 19, 2018 ANAVI Technology Bulgaria Other Other CC BY-SA Raspberry Pi add-on board LED sensor RGB ANAVI Infrared pHAT BG000002 Electronics March 25, 2018 ANAVI Technology Bulgaria Other Other CC BY-SA Raspberry Pi add-on board infrared receiver transmitter ANAVI Flex HAT BG000003 Electronics March 25, 2018 ANAVI Technology Bulgaria Other Other CC BY-SA Raspberry Pi add-on board infrared receiver transmitter Battle Bunnies US000122 IOT April 06, 2018 John 'Warthog9' Hawley United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA ESP8266 game IR Albuquerque Mini-Maker Faire 2016 Soldering Kit US000123 Tool April 06, 2018 John 'Warthog9' Hawley United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA Soldering Kit Albuquerque Mini-Maker Faire 2017 Soldering Kit US000124 Tool April 06, 2018 John 'Warthog9' Hawley United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA Soldering Kit ANAVI Light Controller BG000004 Electronics April 15, 2018 ANAVI Technology Bulgaria Other Other CC BY-SA Raspberry Pi add-on board infrared receiver transmitter LED WiFi Controller Open Source Turtle Robot (OSTR) US000125 Robotics April 17, 2018 The Maker's Box United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA Arduino Tango 3D Printer Control Board CN000002 3D Printing April 30, 2018 Shenzhen Big Tree Technology Co., Ltd. China Other Apache Other 3D printer controller board ISO US000126 Electronics April 30, 2018 Justin Decker United States of America CERN GPL Other Sensor interface Yellow Bin Rack US000127 Tool May 07, 2018 Google, LLC United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA Workshop organization AD2 Curve Tracer NL000001 Electronics May 10, 2018 knack supply Netherlands Other Other CC BY-SA Fri3d Badge 2018 BE000001 Electronics May 13, 2018 Fri3d Camp Belgium CERN Other Other Conference Badge ANAVI Light Controller BG000005 Electronics May 14, 2018 ANAVI Technology Bulgaria Other Other CC BY-SA Raspberry Pi add-on board infrared receiver transmitter LED WiFi Controller Meow Meow MX000003 Electronics May 18, 2018 ELECTRONIC CATS SAPI DE CV Mexico CERN GPL Other Toradex Appliance T30 Enclosure IN000006 Enclosure May 27, 2018 Adarsh Belavatagi India Other GPL Other Computer Interior design Tech sheet metal computer t30 appliance toradex casing enclosure USB-BD US000128 Electronics June 03, 2018 Voidbox Industries United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA DIY Concrete Business Card Holder US000129 Arts June 03, 2018 Voidbox Industries United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA Functional art concrete LoRa Gateway TW000001 IOT June 13, 2018 Whang Wei-chun Taiwan Other MIT Other DyRET - Dynamic Robot for Embodied Testing NO000001 Robotics June 19, 2018 University of Oslo Norway Other GPL CC BY-SA IC3D PLA 3D Printing Filament US000130 3D Printing June 20, 2018 IC3D Inc. United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA filament extrusion IC3D PETG 3D Printing Filament US000131 3D Printing June 20, 2018 IC3D Inc. United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA filament extrusion OpenDrop Digital Microfluidics Platform CH000005 Electronics June 21, 2018 GaudiLabs Switzerland Other GPL Other Digital Biology Ender 3 CN000003 3D Printing June 30, 2018 Shenzhen Creality 3D Technology Co., Ltd China Other GPL Other Mauá Blocks BR000001 Education July 06, 2018 Kleber da Silva Divino Brazil Arduino Scratch s4a ANAVI Traffic Lights BG000006 Electronics July 09, 2018 ANAVI Technology Bulgaria Other Other CC BY-SA Raspberry Pi add-on board LED WiFi Controller ANAVI Play pHAT BG000007 Electronics July 09, 2018 ANAVI Technology Bulgaria Other Other CC BY-SA Raspberry Pi add-on TinyCAN NL000002 Electronics July 17, 2018 knack supply Netherlands Other GPL Other LulzBot SL Tool Head | Small Layer | 0.25 mm US000132 3D Printing July 26, 2018 Lulzbot United States of America Other No software CC BY-SA 3D Printer Accessory extruder Open Hardware Summit 2018 badge US000133 Electronics July 26, 2018 OSH Park United States of America CERN No software Other electronic conference badge ANAVI Buttons BG000008 Electronics August 09, 2018 ANAVI Technology Bulgaria Other Other CC BY-SA Raspberry Pi add-on CatSat 1 MX000004 Electronics August 13, 2018 Electronic Cats SAPI de CV Mexico CERN GPL Other Arduino Picosatellite SparkFun GPS-RTK US000140 Electronics September 30, 2018 SparkFun Electronics United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA GPS GNSS RTK SparkFun SatNOGS Rotator GR000001 Space September 30, 2018 Libre Space Foundation Greece CERN GPL CC BY-SA rotator satellite antennas Traffic wave disruptor LK000001 Electronics August 16, 2018 Ravinu Karunanayake Sri Lanka Other No software Other sensor traffic ultrasonic distance LED cyborg ring US000141 Wearables October 07, 2018 Zach Fredin United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA kit ring wearable attiny avr LulzBot HS Tool Head | Hardened Steel | 0.8 mm US000147 3D Printing October 18, 2018 Lulzbot United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA Hardened steel high output abrasive resistant 0.8mm high strength LulzBot HS+ Tool Head | Hardened Steel | 1.2 mm US000148 3D Printing October 18, 2018 Lulzbot United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA High output high strength abrasive resistant tool head 1.2mm high speed LulzBot Mini 2 Z Brake Board Kit US000149 3D Printing October 18, 2018 Lulzbot United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA Opera Cake for HackRF US000150 Other October 27, 2018 Great Scott Gadgets United States of America Other GPL CC BY radio SDR antenna HackRF RF System76 Thelio US000142 Electronics November 01, 2018 System76 United States of America Other GPL-3.0-only CC BY-SA Computer Linux Desktop System76 Thelio Major US000143 Electronics November 01, 2018 System76 United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA Computer Linux Desktop System76 Thelio Massive US000144 Electronics November 01, 2018 System76 United States of America Other GPL-3.0-only CC BY-SA Computer Linux Desktop System76 Thelio-IO US000145 Electronics November 01, 2018 System76 United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA Computer Daughterboard IO controller Backplane SATA System76 Thelio U.2 Backplane US000146 Electronics November 01, 2018 System76 United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA Computer Backplane Bus U.2 SenseTemp US000151 Environmental November 11, 2018 Capable Robot Components United States of America CERN MIT CC BY-SA esp32 feather CircuitPython micropython Bast Pro Mini M0 MX000005 Electronics November 11, 2018 Electronic Cats SAPI de CV Mexico CERN No software CC BY-SA bast electronic cats pro mini samd21 CatWAN USB Stick MX000006 IOT November 11, 2018 ELECTRONIC CATS SAPI DE CV Mexico CERN GPL Other LoRa PCB stepper motor SK000001 Electronics November 18, 2018 Peter Mišenko Slovakia CERN GPL CC BY PCB coil motor PCB coil joule thief SK000002 Electronics November 18, 2018 Peter Mišenko Slovakia CERN No software CC BY PCB coil joule thief ANAVI Thermometer BG000017 IOT November 18, 2018 ANAVI TECHNOLOGY Bulgaria Other GPL Other Thermometer ESP8266 DHT22 DS18B20 I2C Microcluster US000152 Enclosure December 02, 2018 Colorado Printing Project, Ltd. United States of America CERN No software CC BY-SA 3D Printing Printer Enclosure Onewire Softdevices AU000003 Home Connection December 27, 2018 Alastair D'Silva Australia TAPR GPL Other Home automation 1wire CR10 Melzi Motherboard CN000004 3D Printing January 02, 2019 Shenzhen Creality 3D Co., Ltd China Other GPL CC BY-SA 3D printing steppers arduino Melzi CR-10 3D PRinter CN000005 3D Printing January 02, 2019 Shenzhen Creality 3D Co., Ltd China Other GPL CC BY-SA creality cr-10 3D Printer LulzBot TAZ Desktop 3D Printer US000153 3D Printing January 12, 2019 Lulzbot United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA LulzBot TAZ desktop audiosense-pi IN000007 Sound January 12, 2019 Bhargav India CERN GPL CC 0 RPi HAT TLV Audio Stereo TI lit3rick FR000006 Science January 13, 2019 Luc Jonveaux France TAPR GPL CC BY-SA ice40 pulser analog ultrasound fpga research tool M1 Rover Robot SA000001 Robotics January 31, 2019 Ahmed Farag Saudi Arabia CERN Other CC BY-SA Robotics RC robots ESPresso Scale GR000002 IOT March 03, 2019 John Sartzetakis Greece CERN GPL CC BY-SA scale ads1232 load cell esp32 ble espresso coffee Programmable-Air US000159 Robotics March 16, 2019 Amitabh Shrivastava United States of America CERN MIT CC BY-SA pneumatic arduino pump air CatWAN Citizen MX000007 IOT March 23, 2019 ELECTRONIC CATS SAPI DE CV Mexico CERN GPL CC 0 citizen Environmental lora lorawan Baby Groot MX000008 Agriculture March 24, 2019 Pepe Ruiz Mexico CERN GPL Other babygroot agriculture makersgdl Programmable Light Controller LK000002 Electronics March 25, 2019 Dilshan R Jayakody Sri Lanka Other MIT CC BY timer automation LED light mPython CN000006 Education March 25, 2019 LABPLUS CORPORATION. China CERN GPL CC 0 python ESP32 IOT AI micropython Nettigo Air Monitor PL000001 Environmental April 07, 2019 Nettigo Poland TAPR GPL CC BY-SA air quality PM particulate matter sensor Solo US000154 Electronics April 07, 2019 SoloKeys United States of America CERN Apache CC BY-SA FIDO2 Security U2F Solo Tap US000155 Electronics April 07, 2019 SoloKeys United States of America CERN Apache CC BY-SA FIDO2 Security U2F PUFFIN UNDERQUILT US000156 Other April 18, 2019 HUMMINGBIRD HAMMOCKS, LLC United States of America Other No software Other hammocks camping underquilt hummingbird hammocks sleeping bag down Escornabot Makech MX000009 Robotics April 21, 2019 ELECTRONIC CATS SAPI DE CV Mexico CERN GPL CC BY-SA escornabot robotic makech Geometer US000157 Other May 01, 2019 David Troetschel United States of America CERN No software CC BY-SA Industrial Design modular design casting concrete resin mycelium snap together turnkey Fomu SG000004 Education May 14, 2019 Sean Cross Singapore TAPR Apache CC BY-SA fpga ice40 usb LulzBot TAZ Pro Dual Extruder US000158 3D Printing May 15, 2019 Lulzbot United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA Dual active lifting abrasive resistant multi-material Single Split Phase Energy Meter US000160 Home Connection May 23, 2019 CircuitSetup United States of America CERN MIT CC BY Energy meter energy monitor XPboard BR000002 IOT June 04, 2019 Jailson Oliveira Brazil Other Other CC BY ESP32 IoT ST7290 XPboard XPsys TAZ Workhorse Edition 3D Printer US000161 3D Printing June 04, 2019 Lulzbot United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA LulzBot TAZ Workhorse 3D Printer ANAVI Gas Detector BG000018 IOT June 05, 2019 ANAVI Technology Ltd. Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA ESP8266 MQ gas I2C Scale FeatherWing GR000003 Electronics June 15, 2019 JOHN SARTZETAKIS Greece CERN LGPL CC BY-SA scale ads1232 load cell feather featherwing SparkFun Artemis Module US000162 Electronics June 21, 2019 SparkFun Electronics United States of America CERN GPL CC BY-SA Qwiic Arduino BLE BlackBoard Artemis US000163 Electronics June 21, 2019 SparkFun Electronics United States of America CERN GPL CC BY-SA Qwiic TensorFlow BlackBoard Artemis Mega US000164 Electronics June 21, 2019 SparkFun Electronics United States of America CERN GPL CC BY-SA Qwiic TensorFlow Machine Learning BlackBoard Artemis Nano US000165 Electronics June 21, 2019 SparkFun Electronics United States of America CERN GPL CC BY-SA Qwiic TensorFlow Machine Learning Artemis OLIMEX ESP32-Devkit-Lipo BG000019 IOT June 24, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other Apache CC BY-SA ESP32 wifi ble iot OLIMEX eduArdu educational board BG000020 Education June 24, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other Apache Other education arduino sensors OLIMEX ESP32-PoE BG000009 IOT June 24, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other Apache CC BY-SA PoE ESP32 WiFi BLE breadboard prototyping Olimex OLIMEXINO-2560 BG000022 Electronics June 24, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria CERN GPL CC BY-SA arduino mega 2560 industrial Olimex MOD-ENV BG000023 Electronics June 24, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria CERN GPL CC BY-SA digital sensor CO2 temperature humidity pressure FOSDEM-85 BG000024 Electronics June 30, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA arduino soldering kit OLIMEX Minibot BG000025 Education June 30, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA robot soldering kit OLIMEX OLIMEXINO-85 BG000026 Education June 30, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA arduino soldering kit OLIMEX OSHW ghost BG000027 Education June 30, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA soldering kit OLIMEX SIMON-85 BG000028 Education June 30, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA soldering kit game simon OLIMEX TuxCon Kitty BG000029 Education June 30, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA soldering kit arduino OLIMEX URC BG000030 Education June 30, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria CERN GPL CC BY-SA universal remote control soldering kit USB Seven Segment Display Module LK000003 Electronics July 07, 2019 Dilshan R Jayakody Sri Lanka Other MIT CC BY USB display module serial STM32 OLIMEX Duinomite BG000031 Electronics July 07, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA basic computer OLIMEX Duinomite-eMega BG000032 Electronics July 07, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA basic computer OLIMEX Duinomite-Mega BG000033 Electronics July 07, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA basic computer OLIMEX Duinomite-Mini BG000034 Electronics July 07, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA Basic Computer OLIMEX Olimexino-STM32 BG000035 Electronics July 07, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA STM32 arduino OLIMEX A13-OLinuXino BG000036 Electronics July 07, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA Linux computer OLIMEX A10-OLinuXino-LIME BG000037 Electronics July 07, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA Linux Android Single Board Computer SBC OLIMEX A20-OLinuXino-LIME BG000038 Electronics July 07, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA Linux Android SBC A20 OLIMEX A20-OLinuXino-LIME2 BG000039 Electronics July 07, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA A20 Linux Android SBC OLIMEX A20-OLinuXino-MICRO BG000040 Electronics July 07, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA A20 Linux Android SBC industrial Nautilus US000166 3D Printing July 10, 2019 Hydra Research United States of America Other LGPL CC BY-SA BigFDM DE000013 3D Printing July 14, 2019 Daniele Ingrassia Germany Other No software CC BY-SA large scale 3D printer satshakit fablab FDM Daniele Ingrassia OLIMEX A33-OLinuXino BG000041 Electronics July 14, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA A33 Allwinner Linux Computer OLIMEX A64-OLinuXino BG000042 Electronics July 14, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA A64 Allwinner Linux Computer OLIMEX RT5350F-OLinuXino BG000043 Electronics July 14, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA RT5350 OpenWRT OLIMEX RT5350F-OLinuXino-EVB BG000044 IOT July 14, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA RT5350F evaluation board starterkit OLIMEX A13-OLinuXino-MICRO BG000045 Electronics July 14, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA A13 allwinner linux computer OLIMEX iMX233-OLinuXino-Maxi BG000046 Electronics July 14, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA imx233 linux computer OLIMEX iMX233-OLinuXino-Nano BG000047 Electronics July 14, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA imx233 linux computer OLIMEX iMX233-OLinuXino-Mini BG000048 Electronics July 14, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA imx233 linux computer OLIMEX iMX233-OLinuXino-Micro BG000049 Electronics July 14, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA imx233 linux computer ANAVI Miracle Controller BG000050 Tool July 14, 2019 ANAVI TECHNOLOGY Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA LED WS2811 WS2812 I2C ESP8266 OLIMEX ESP32-POE-ISO BG000021 IOT July 16, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA ESP32 POE Power Over Ethernet WiFi BLE OLIMEX USB-SATA BG000051 Electronics July 23, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria CERN GPL CC BY-SA SATA USB converter OLIMEX LCD-OLinuXino-4.3 BG000052 Electronics July 22, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA lcd linux display olinuxino OLIMEX LCD-OLinuXino-5CTS BG000053 Electronics July 22, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA LCD display olinuxino linux computer OLIMEX LCD-OLinuXino-7 BG000054 Electronics July 22, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA LCD display olinuxino computer OLIMEX LCD-OLinuXino-10 BG000055 Electronics July 22, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA lcd display olinuxino computer OLIMEX LCD-OLinuXino-15.6 BG000056 Electronics July 22, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria Other GPL CC BY-SA lcd display olinuxino Parametric optical filter stage ES000004 Science July 23, 2019 Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Spain CERN LGPL CC BY FreeCAD Python Optical filter stage OpenSCAD Parametric design Laboratory equipment Creatable D3 KR000001 3D Printing July 30, 2019 ATEAM VENTURES CO., LTD. South Korea Other GPL Other 3D Printer Delta FDM Cervus ( arduino compatible) ES000005 Education August 09, 2019 XDeSIG Spain Other No software CC BY-SA escornabot arduino Escornabot_CPU ES000006 Education August 09, 2019 XDeSIG Spain Other Other CC BY-SA Escornabot Arduino Eduational Robotics LulzBot HE Tool Head | Hardened Steel | 0.5 mm US000167 3D Printing August 09, 2019 Lulzbot United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA 3D Printing Composites Tool Head LulzBot Aleph Objects Extruder FFF Fused Filament Fabrication Somu US000168 Electronics August 09, 2019 SoloKeys Switzerland CERN Apache CC BY-SA FIDO2 Security U2F USB Morse Keyer LK000004 Electronics August 25, 2019 Dilshan R Jayakody Sri Lanka Other MIT CC BY Amateur radio CW Morse code Keyer USB M-Bus-TTL-Converter DE000014 Electronics September 04, 2019 Jens Mueller Germany CERN No software CC BY-SA M-Bus Meter-Bus EN13757 SmartMeter M-Bus-Converter M-Bus-TTL-Converter M-Bus-USB-Converter M-Bus-RS232-Converter Mbus Diskio Pi FR000007 Electronics September 06, 2019 3DCRAN France CERN GPL CC BY-SA Touch Screen Terminal Tablet Raspberry Pi Odroid BeagleBone AI US000169 Electronics September 06, 2019 BeagleBoard.org Foundation United States of America Other Other CC BY-SA EchidnaShield ES000007 Education September 15, 2019 xdesig@gmail.com Spain Other No software CC BY-SA Arbol IoT MX000010 Environmental September 15, 2019 IMEPLAN Mexico CERN GPL Other tree environment iot mexico guadalajara DDSBee ES000008 Electronics September 21, 2019 Joan MArtínez Domene Spain CERN GPL CC BY-SA oscillator dds xbee EEZ H24005 HR000001 Electronics September 23, 2019 Envox d.o.o. Croatia TAPR GPL CC BY-SA Power supply SCPI Arduino Test and Measurements DIY TFT Bike Pixel PL000002 Wearables September 27, 2019 Krzysztof Stopa Poland CERN GPL CC BY-SA DIY Arduino Bike Cycling LulzBot Bio Printer US000170 3D Printing October 09, 2019 Lulzbot United States of America Other GPL CC BY-SA Bio Bio Printing Bio Inks I2C Encoder IT000004 Electronics October 12, 2019 Duppa di Simone Caron Italy Other GPL Other I2CEncoder rotary encoder CutiePi board JP000005 Electronics October 12, 2019 Penk Chen Japan Other No software CC BY-SA raspberrypi tablet I2C NavKey IT000005 Electronics October 18, 2019 Duppa di Simone Caron Italy Other GPL CC BY-SA I2CNavKey joypad SenseTemp TEC US000171 Environmental October 18, 2019 Capable Robot Components United States of America CERN MIT CC BY-SA FEATHER CIRCUITPYTHON Module and Code for ACE-128 Absolute EncoderArduino US000172 Robotics October 19, 2019 Alastair Neil Young United States of America Other MIT Other absolute encoder arduino raspberry pi rpi ace-128 OLIMEX Bike-TSL-Kit BG000057 Electronics October 24, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria CERN No software CC BY-SA Bike turn signal lights audi style Acrylic Case for GreatFET One US000173 Enclosure October 31, 2019 Great Scott Gadgets United States of America Other No software Other greatfet greatfet one azalea acrylic case OLIMEX NB-IoT-Devkit BG000058 IOT October 31, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria CERN GPL CC BY-SA NB-IoT IoT GSM LTE Assisted Flexibone Prosthetic Hand FR000008 Other October 31, 2019 Grenoble-INP, Univ. of Bath, Team Gre-Nable France Other Other CC BY Handicap health prosthesis hand upper limb robotic e-nable OLIMEX USB-Gigabit BG000059 Electronics October 31, 2019 OLIMEX Ltd Bulgaria CERN No software CC BY-SA usb ethernet adapter 4 Port High Power USB Hub LK000005 Electronics October 31, 2019 Dilshan R Jayakody Sri Lanka Other MIT CC BY USB Hub WA003: Pipe Grip US000174 3D Printing November 08, 2019 Field Ready United States of America Other No software Other Field Ready 3D printing WASH Pipe Grip Collar Interlock HL005: Finger Brace US000175 3D Printing November 08, 2019 Field Ready United States of America Other No software Other 3D Printing Field Ready Health Finger Brace Index Finger WA002: Water Cap US000176 3D Printing November 08, 2019 Field Ready United States of America Other No software Other Field Ready 3D Printing Water Cap Threaded Cap Diesel Pump Cap Rosco_m68k UK000006 Electronics November 12, 2019 Ross Bamford United Kingdom CERN MIT CC BY 68000 68010 m68k computer Atrial Fibrillation Detection Blood Pressure Monitor Oscillometric Method TW000002 Science November 12, 2019 TonyGUO Taiwan Other MIT Other Blood pressure Atrial Fibrillation ANAVI F | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://open.forem.com/about#what-to-post-and-discuss | About Open Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close About Open Forem Welcome to Open Forem! The Town Square of the Forem Ecosystem Hello and welcome! We're glad you're here. The Forem ecosystem is home to many vibrant, focused communities. But what about the conversations that don't quite fit into a single niche? The random shower thoughts, the broad questions, the fascinating links you just have to share? That's why Open Forem exists. This is our digital commons—a place for open discussion, cross-disciplinary ideas, and the kind of conversations that connect us all. If it doesn't have a dedicated home elsewhere, it belongs here. What We're All About Our mission is simple: to provide a welcoming space for any and all constructive conversations. Think of us as the central hub where members from every corner of the Forem universe can come together to share ideas, ask questions, and explore topics outside of their usual domains. We are a community driven by curiosity. Whether you want to talk about the latest breakthrough in space exploration, share your favorite productivity hack, debate the philosophy of a new film, or simply ask a question you've been pondering, you're in the right place. What to Post and Discuss If you're wondering what to share, the answer is: almost anything! We encourage a wide range of content. Here are a few ideas to get you started: General Discussions: Start a conversation about technology, art, science, culture, or society. Ask the Community: Have a question that doesn't fit a specific Q&A site? Ask it here! Share Something Cool: Found an interesting article, a thought-provoking video, or a fascinating podcast? Share it and tell us why you liked it. 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Be Kind and Respectful: Treat everyone with respect. Healthy debates are natural, but kindness is required. Personal attacks, harassment, and trolling will not be tolerated. Assume Good Faith: Approach conversations with the assumption that others are participating honestly and with positive intentions. Stay Curious and Open-Minded: This is a place to explore new ideas. Be open to different perspectives and engage with them constructively. Contribute Thoughtfully: Add value to the conversation. While this is a generalist forum, please make an effort to be clear, concise, and constructive in your posts and comments. We're building this space together. Thank you for being a part of it and helping us create a community where a world of ideas can be shared openly. Welcome aboard 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Open Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where all the other conversations belong Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://www.forem.com/contact | Contact Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Contacts Forem would love to hear from you! Email: support@dev.to 😁 Twitter: @ 👻 Report a vulnerability: dev.to/security 🐛 To report a bug, please create a bug report in our open source repository. To request a feature, please start a new GitHub Discussion in the Forem repo! 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a blogging-forward open source social network where we learn from one another Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dev.to/flameofudun/flutter-ecs-mastering-async-operations-and-complex-workflows-463g | Flutter ECS: Mastering Async Operations and Complex Workflows - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Dr. E Posted on Jan 11 Flutter ECS: Mastering Async Operations and Complex Workflows # flutter # dart # programming # opensource Part 2 — Mastering Async Operations and Complex Workflows Flutter ECS just got seriously practical. This new article takes the abstract ideas from Part 1 and shows how to use an Event-Component-System architecture to tame real-world async workflows in production Flutter apps. Why this article matters Focuses on the messy realities of production apps: API failures, multi-step auth flows, race conditions, and error handling, not just counter examples. Shows how to model async work with a LoadingState enum (idle/running/success/error) and keep loading, success, and error logic in a single, coherent system. Demonstrates how ECS can replace bloated BLoCs with a smaller set of predictable, testable systems. What you’ll learn How to pass contextual data through events using triggerWith...() methods, then safely clear it with clearData() to keep events reusable and stateless by default. How to do dependency injection “the ECS way” by treating services as components, declared once in the feature constructor for explicit, traceable architecture. How to build a complete async flow (fetch user, shopping cart, checkout, etc.) where a single reactive system owns loading, success, and error transitions. Patterns you can steal today Use reactsIf to prevent duplicate operations, enforce prerequisites (auth, business hours, cart not empty), or react only to significant state changes. Batch component updates with notify: false to avoid unnecessary rebuilds, then trigger a single final update for optimal performance. Implement robust retry logic with capped attempts and exponential backoff inside a system, keeping error recovery centralized and predictable. Production-ready examples included A full shopping cart feature: components, events, systems, checkout flow, error handling, and cross-feature communication (e.g., pulling payment info from another feature). UI integration via ECSWidget and ecs.watch(), showing exactly how to wire loading, error, and data components into real screens. Call to action If you’re hitting the limits of your current state management (bloated BLoCs, tangled async code, scattered error handling), this piece is a concrete blueprint for refactoring toward a predictable, testable, and debuggable async architecture with Flutter ECS. 👉 Read: Flutter ECS: Mastering Async Operations and Complex Workflows . Then try the challenge: build your own shopping cart feature with retries, loading states, and inspector-friendly debugging, backed by the open-source flutter_event_component_system package on GitHub. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Dr. E Follow Medical doctor turned software engineer. Building health-tech, real-time, AI-powered tools. Sharing my coding journey, side projects, and open-source work. Location Manchester, GB Joined Oct 18, 2025 More from Dr. E Flutter ECS: Rethinking State Management for Flutter Apps # flutter # dart # mobile # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
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https://dev.to/aws-builders/ecs-native-bluegreen-is-here-with-strong-hooks-and-dark-canary-8ff | ECS Native Blue/Green is Here! With Strong Hooks and Dark Canary - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Tetsuya KIKUCHI for AWS Community Builders Posted on Jul 20, 2025 • Edited on Jul 22, 2025 ECS Native Blue/Green is Here! With Strong Hooks and Dark Canary # aws # ecs # devops # bluegreen On July 18, 2025, Amazon ECS received a major deployment enhancement. It's not just about native Blue/Green support - there's much more to it! This article is translated from my article in Japanese. Key Points Native Blue/Green is now available without CodeDeploy Various validation timings through lifecycle hooks with Lambda Pre-validation in production environment with zero user impact ( Dark Canary ) using test listeners/listener rules Blue/Green is now supported with Service Connect Deployment controller can be changed after service creation You should avoid CodeDeploy-based Blue/Green (migration guide available) Note : This article does not cover Blue/Green with Service Connect. Update Overview https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2025/07/amazon-ecs-built-in-blue-green-deployments/ Blue/Green deployment is now available as a built-in ECS feature without requiring CodeDeploy. You can select it directly from the console: This B/G deployment comes with two optional features that make automated and safe deployments easier: Deployment lifecycle hooks for custom validation Test listener / listener rules for Dark Canary Also, there's a subtle but significant update: "deployment controller can be changed after service creation." Previous Situation When implementing Blue/Green in ECS, combining with CodeDeploy was common but had several pain points: Required cumbersome CodeDeploy setup Couldn't switch between rolling update ↔ B/G after service creation Had various constraints when combined with CodeDeploy Example: Couldn't use Service Connect Rolling updates also had challenges: Limited flexibility in success/failure determination (despite having CloudWatch alarms and deployment circuit breakers) Time-consuming rollbacks (requiring new task launches) Benefits of This Update The update brings several significant improvements: Easy Blue/Green deployment without CodeDeploy setup. Able to switch between rolling update and B/G even after service creation . Basically just change the strategy . No service recreation & migration needed. Easy to "start simple with rolling update, switch to B/G when needed". Detailed migration guide in this documentation . Also includes B/G → rolling update migration, suggesting rolling updates aren't deprecated. Features from CodeDeploy are available, making it convenient + easy to migrate from CodeDeploy. Flexible validation with Lambda. Zero-impact new version testing in production environment. Being a native feature, likely to have fewer constraints than CodeDeploy integration. Blue/Green deployment now works with Service Connect . Removes one drawback of Service Connect and shows it's being actively maintained. Detailed Features Deployment Lifecycle Hooks https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/deployment-lifecycle-hooks.html In native Blue/Green, you can validate deployment success using custom logic through Lambda functions at various stages. For example, you can monitor service status, access endpoints, or check telemetry data. This is similar to CodeDeploy's hooks feature . Lifecycle Stages There are 7 hook timings (lifecycle stages): PRE_SCALE_UP : Before new tasks launch POST_SCALE_UP : After new tasks launch and become healthy TEST_TRAFFIC_SHIFT : During test traffic shift to Green (0->100%) POST_TEST_TRAFFIC_SHIFT : After test traffic is 100% on Green PRODUCTION_TRAFFIC_SHIFT : During production traffic shift to Green POST_PRODUCTION_TRAFFIC_SHIFT : After production traffic shift to Green RECONCILE_SERVICE : When deployment starts with multiple ACTIVE service revisions Not selectable in console but available via CLI. Purpose unclear. During rollback, TEST_TRAFFIC_SHIFT and PRODUCTION_TRAFFIC_SHIFT are hooked. Event Payload The event payload includes service ARN and weight information, allowing validation logic based on these values. Example: Event: { "executionDetails" : { "testTrafficWeights" : {}, "productionTrafficWeights" : { "arn:aws:ecs:ap-northeast-1:<account-id>:service-revision/my-cluster/native-bg-1/9942985458929989075" : 0 , "arn:aws:ecs:ap-northeast-1:<account-id>:service-revision/my-cluster/native-bg-1/2948000638822554633" : 100 }, "serviceArn" : "arn:aws:ecs:ap-northeast-1:<account-id>:service/my-cluster/native-bg-1" , "targetServiceRevisionArn" : "arn:aws:ecs:ap-northeast-1:<account-id>:service-revision/my-cluster/native-bg-1/2948000638822554633" }, "executionId" : "06a4bc13-a7fa-4281-ab04-3aa34234ddxx" , "lifecycleStage" : "PRODUCTION_TRAFFIC_SHIFT" , "resourceArn" : "arn:aws:ecs:ap-northeast-1:<account-id>:service-deployment/my-cluster/native-bg-1/PNpQryOI09kD3iMrxsoxx" } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Function Return Values hookStatus=SUCCEEDED : Validation successful, deployment proceeds hookStatus=FAILED : Triggers rollback hookStatus=IN_PROGRESS : Function called again after a delay Useful for long-running checks or when validation data isn't yet available Official blog mentions 30-second intervals, confirmed in testing Note: Partially Available in Rolling Update?? While the console doesn't show lifecycle hooks or bake time settings for rolling updates, CLI allows selecting these with rolling updates. LB settings from B/G remain. In actual deployment, only the PRE_SCALE_UP hook triggered Lambda. Unclear if this is intended behavior. Test Listener / Listener Rule (Dark Canary) Using test listeners/listener rules, developers/testers can access the Green environment before production traffic shifts. This is called "Dark Canary" as end users don't access it. Benefits Compared to simple Blue/Green, this reduces the risks of: Complete disaster when 100% traffic is shifted to Green, even temporarily "Works in staging but fails in production" scenarios Usage Create separate access routes for developers using: Listeners with different ports Listener rules with conditions (headers, source IPs, etc.) This phase is validated by TEST_TRAFFIC_SHIFT and POST_TEST_TRAFFIC_SHIFT hooks. Return hookStatus=IN_PROGRESS for zero-impact rollback Deployment stays IN_PROGRESS while returning hookStatus=IN_PROGRESS (timeout unknown, confirmed >3 hours) For manual validation, consider having Lambda monitor a flag and return hookStatus=SUCCEEDED when set Additionally, Deployment Controller Now Updatable Post-Creation https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/update-service-parameters.html A subtle but important documentation update. Background: There are 3 deployment controllers : ECS (Enhanced now, most common) CODE_DEPLOY (Traditional B/G deployment) EXTERNAL (For customization. Details: ECS External Deployment & TaskSet Guide ) Previously unchangeable after service creation, now supports 4 update patterns: CODE_DEPLOY -> ECS CODE_DEPLOY -> EXTERNAL ECS -> EXTERNAL EXTERNAL -> ECS Hmm? Signs of CODE_DEPLOY Type Deprecation Not CodeDeploy itself Notice no update patterns TO CODE_DEPLOY . The CODE_DEPLOY docs clearly recommend the new native B/G: We recommend that you use the Amazon ECS blue/green deployment. CODE_DEPLOY option removed from console. Migration docs provided: To native B/G To rolling update This likely prompted deployment controller update support. No deprecation notices or migration guides for EXTERNAL , suggesting it's safe. Like EKS on Fargate Auto Mode, nice to see deprecation/removal after superior alternatives emerge. Unlike certain other cases... Benefits of This Update Makes CODE_DEPLOY to ECS migration easier. Also greatly simplifies PipeCD migration for ECS. PipeCD uses EXTERNAL for ECS deployments. Previously, migrating from rolling update( ECS ) or CODE_DEPLOY required service recreation. For running services, complex ALB listener-based migration was needed. Now possible without service recreation (both to and from PipeCD). Also enables: "Switch from ECS to EXTERNAL for customization" "Try EXTERNAL , revert to ECS if too complex" Note Can't migrate from ECS if using VPC Lattice or Service Connect: You can't update the deployment controller of a service from the ECS deployment controller to any of the other controllers if it uses VPC Lattice or Amazon ECS Service Connect. How It Works (ALB Case) https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/bluegreen-how-it-works.html Deployment Flow Created diagram as official one felt incomplete: Initial State ~ Green Environment Launch Initial state: Blue environment receiving 100% traffic Launch Green tasks, attach to Green target group ALB health checks Green environment Internal Green environment testing (no production traffic) Switch production traffic to Green Brief for "All at once" Post-Green Switch ~ Deployment Complete Monitor: Watch CloudWatch alarms, auto-rollback if issues Continues until Bake Time parameter expires Delete Blue tasks Deployment complete Next deployment reverses Blue/Green, moving from Target Group Green to Blue. During Rollback Rollback simply returns traffic to coexisting Blue environment via listener rules. Faster than rolling update as no task launches needed. Hands-On Testing Following this official blog: https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/accelerate-safe-software-releases-with-new-built-in-blue-green-deployments-in-amazon-ecs/ Resource details here: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/alb-resources-for-blue-green.html 1. Service Update Configuration: task definition: httpd → nginx Deployment options Deployment controller type: ECS Previously chose between ECS or CODE_DEPLOY strategy : Blue/Green Bake time : 5 minutes lifecycle hooks : Lambda function: Simple function returning "hookStatus": "SUCCEEDED" after accessing ALB URL import json import urllib3 import logging import base64 import os # Configure logging logger = logging . getLogger () logger . setLevel ( logging . DEBUG ) # Initialize HTTP client http = urllib3 . PoolManager () def lambda_handler ( event , context ): """ Validation hook that tests the green environment by accessing " / " """ logger . info ( f " Event: { json . dumps ( event ) } " ) logger . info ( f " Context: { context } " ) try : test_endpoint = os . getenv ( " APP_URL " ) response = http . request ( ' GET ' , test_endpoint , timeout = 30 ) logger . info ( f " GET / response status: { response . status } " ) # Check if response has OK status code (200-299 range) if 200 <= response . status < 300 : logger . info ( " test passed - received OK status code " ) return { " hookStatus " : " SUCCEEDED " } else : logger . error ( f " test failed - status code: { response . status } " ) return { " hookStatus " : " FAILED " } except Exception as error : logger . error ( f " test failed: { str ( error ) } " ) return { " hookStatus " : " FAILED " } Role: Role with lambda:InvokeFunction . Reference Role for ECS to invoke Lambda Lifecycle stages : All 6 selected Load balancing Role: Policy based on this doc Role for ECS to update listener rules Added elasticloadbalancing permissions ( DescribeTargetGroups , DescribeTargetHealth , RegisterTargets , DeregisterTargets ) due to permission errors Load balancer type: ALB Listener (production): HTTP:80 Production listener rule: Listener default Test listener (Green test access): Different port HTTP:81 Test listener rule : Listener default Target group (Blue): IP type with HTTP:80 Alternate target group (Green): Same settings as Blue "Create alternate target group" option creates with just naming 2. Deployment 2-1. Test Traffic First, Green tasks launched and POST_SCALE_UP lifecycle hooks succeeded. Green accessible via test listener (HTTP:81). Green port 81 showed nginx: Blue port 80 showed httpd: ALB test listener (port 81) rule changed to Green (group2): Production listener (port 80) rule still Blue: POST_TEST_TRAFFIC_SHIFT lifecycle hooks succeeded. 2-2. Production Traffic Switch Production traffic switches to Green. Port 80 access switched to nginx: ALB production listener rule switched to Green: Test listener still accessed Green environment. 2-3. Bake Time Blue(Source) tasks still running for fast rollback, no production traffic: After bake time, Blue tasks deleted: Event history shows: Deployment Status Monitoring Current stage visible in Deployments screen: Click stage to see hook-Lambda function mappings: Personally, stage start/end status in Events would help track timing and troubleshoot. 3. Testing Hook Failure Testing rollback by failing POST_SCALE_UP lifecycle hooks. 1. Replace Lambda function Use this always failing function: import logging import json logger = logging . getLogger () logger . setLevel ( logging . DEBUG ) def lambda_handler ( event , context ): logger . info ( f " always return failure " ) return { " hookStatus " : " FAILED " } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Change Lifecycle hooks to POST_SCALE_UP only Avoid "Rollback failed" from hook failures during rollback's PRODUCTION_TRAFFIC_SHIFT . 3. Update service to trigger deployment Changed task definition revision. POST_SCALE_UP failed, triggering rollback: Notes No Canary support CodeDeploy had Canary option, hopefully added later Traffic shifting section looks ready for options... Auto Scaling warning: If your service uses auto scaling, be aware that auto scaling is not blocked during a blue/green deployment, but the deployment might fail under certain circumstances. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/deployment-type-bluegreen.html Note: "Rolling Update" Deployment Type Naming Issue What should we call deployment type ECS now? Previously "ECS (rolling update)", but now includes B/G. Documentation still refers to "using rolling update" likely meaning deployment type= ECS . Awaiting updates. Example: Only services that use rolling deployments are supported with Service Connect. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/service-connect-concepts-deploy.html#service-connect-considerations Conclusion This is one of ECS's most significant updates recently, including changing deployment controller. I'm curious about Service Connect's Blue/Green implementation. I'm relieved about the continued support for Service Connect and External deployment. However, the CODE_DEPLOY type should probably be avoided going forward. Top comments (2) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Dobson Dunavant Dobson Dunavant Dobson Dunavant Follow Joined Sep 9, 2023 • Nov 25 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This was really informative, thanks for the write-up. Building out the old ECS Fargate + CodeDeploy Blue/Green infra in the AWS CDK was...not fun, nor clean. This is super promising as a simpler / cleaner setup I may pivot us to. Cheers Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Remy Bresson Remy Bresson Remy Bresson Follow Joined Sep 15, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 • Edited on Sep 15 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, Thanks fot this! Just a missing stuff, after production traffic switch the test listener is still active, serving the new production environnment. Regarding security it is opening a path to production (confliting with single entry point secucity recommandation). And the only way to stop this listner is by implementing a lambda hook for POST_PRODUCTION_TRAFFIC_SHIFT. In my opinion ECS Blue/Green would be better desactivating this test listener by default Like comment: Like comment: Like Comment button Reply Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse AWS Community Builders Follow Build On! Would you like to become an AWS Community Builder? 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https://stripe.com/en-jp/privacy | Chat with Stripe sales プライバシーポリシー Stripe logo Legal Stripe Privacy Policy & Privacy Center Privacy Policy Cookies Policy Data Privacy Framework Service Providers List Data Processing Agreement Supplier Data Processing Agreement Stripe Privacy Center Privacy Policy お客様の便宜を図るため、本ページの翻訳版をご用意しております。翻訳版は情報提供のみを目的としており、本ページは 英語版 が正式なものとなります。 Last updated: January 16, 2025 This Privacy Policy includes important information about your personal data and we encourage you to read it carefully. Welcome We provide financial infrastructure for the internet. Individuals and businesses of all sizes use our technology and services to facilitate purchases, accept payments, send payouts, and manage online businesses. This Privacy Policy (“Policy”) describes the Personal Data that we collect, how we use and share it, and details on how you can reach us with privacy-related inquiries. 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For example, Stripe may use cookies and similar technologies or the data you provide to our Business Users (such as when you input your email address on a Business User’s website) to recognize you and help you use Link when visiting our Business User’s website. Learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies in Stripe’s Cookie Policy . Our Business Users. When you use Link to make payments with our Business Users, we share your Personal Data, including name, contact information, payment method details, and Transaction Data with those Business Users. Learn More . You can also direct Stripe to share your saved bank account information and identity documents with Business Users you do business with. Once we share your Personal Data with Business Users, we may process that Personal Data as a Data Processor for those Business Users, as detailed in Section 1.2 of this Policy. You should consult the privacy policies of the Business Users’ you do business with for information on how they use the information shared with them. Fraud Detection and Loss Prevention . We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect fraud and prevent financial losses for you, us, and our Business Users and Financial Partners, including detecting unauthorized purchases. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those that use our fraud prevention-related Business Services (such as Stripe Radar), with Personal Data about you (including your attempted transactions) so that they can assess the fraud or loss risk associated with the transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, we may use your Personal Data, including Transaction Data, to assess your eligibility for, and offer you, other End User Services or promote existing End User Services, including through co-marketing with partners such as Stripe Business Users. Learn more . Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we use and share End User Personal Data with third party partners to allow us to advertise our End User Services to you, including through interest-based advertising, and to track the efficacy of such ads. We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third-party partners, such as advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services to you. Learn more . More . For further information about ways we may use and share End Users' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.2 End Customers Stripe provides various Business Services to our Business Users, which include processing in-person or online payments or payouts for those Business Users. When acting as a service provider—also referred to as a Data Processor—for a Business User, we process End Customer Personal Data in accordance with our agreement with the Business User and the Business User's lawful instructions. This happens, for example, when we process a payment for a Business User because you purchased a product from them, or when the Business User asks us to send you funds. Business Users are responsible for ensuring that the privacy rights of their End Customers are respected, including obtaining appropriate consents and making disclosures about their own data collection and use associated with their products and services. If you're an End Customer, please refer to the privacy policy of the Business User you're doing business with for its privacy practices, choices, and controls. We provide more comprehensive information about our collection, use, and sharing of End Customer Personal Data in our Privacy Center , including the legal bases we rely on for processing your Personal Data. a. Personal Data we collect about End Customers Transaction Data . If you're an End Customer making payments to, receiving refunds or payments from, initiating a purchase or donation, or otherwise transacting with our Business User, whether in-person or online, we receive your Transaction Data. We may also receive your transaction history with the Business User. Learn More . Additionally, we may collect information entered into a checkout form even if you opt not to complete the form or transaction with the Business User. Learn More . A Business User who uses Stripe’s Terminal Service to provide its goods or services to End Customers may use the Terminal Service to collect End Customer Personal Data (like your name, email, phone number, address, signature, or age) in accordance with its own privacy policy. Identity/Verification Information . Stripe provides a verification and fraud prevention Service that our Business Users can use to verify Personal Data about you, such as your authorization to use a particular payment method. During the process, you’d be asked to share with us certain Personal Data (like your government ID and selfie for biometric verification, Personal Data you input, or Personal Data that is apparent from the physical payment method like a credit card image). To protect against fraud and determine if somebody is trying to impersonate you, we may cross-verify this data with information about you that we've collected from Business Users, Financial Partners, business affiliates, identity verification services, publicly available sources, and other third party service providers and sources. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Customers, including about your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Customers To provide our Business Services to our Business Users, we use and share End Customers' Personal Data with them. Where allowed, we also use End Customers' Personal Data for Stripe’s own purposes such as enhancing security, improving and offering our Business Services, and preventing fraud, loss, and other damages, as described further below. Payment processing and accounting . We use your Transaction Data to deliver Payment-related Business Services to Business Users — including online payment transactions processing, sales tax calculation, and invoice, bill, and dispute handling — and to help them determine their revenue, settle their bills, and execute accounting tasks. Learn More . We may also use your Personal Data to provide and improve our Business Services. During payment transactions, your Personal Data is shared with various entities in connection with your transaction. As a service provider or data processor, we share Personal Data to enable transactions as directed by Business Users. For instance, when you choose a payment method for your transaction, we may share your Transaction Data with your bank or other payment method provider, including as necessary to authenticate you, Learn More, process your transaction, prevent fraud, and handle disputes. The Business User you choose to do business with also receives Transaction Data and might share the data with others. Please review your merchant’s, bank’s, and payment method provider’s privacy policies for more information about how they use and share your Personal Data. Financial services . Certain Business Users leverage our Services to offer financial services to you via Stripe or our Financial Partners. For example, a Business User may issue a card product with which you can purchase goods and services. Such cards could carry the brand of Stripe, the bank partner, and/or the Business User. In addition to any Transaction Data we may generate or receive when these cards are used for purchases, we also collect and use your Personal Data to provide and manage these products, including assisting our Business Users in preventing misuse of the cards. Please review the privacy policies of the Business User and, if applicable, our bank partners associated with the financial service (the brands of which may be shown on the card) for more information. Identity/Verification services . We use Personal Data about your identity to perform verification services for Stripe or for the Business Users that you are transacting with, to prevent fraud, and to enhance security. For these purposes we may use Personal Data you provide directly or Personal Data we obtain from our service providers, including for phone verification. Learn More . If you provide a selfie along with an image of your identity document, we may employ biometric technology to compare and calculate whether they match and verify your identity. Learn More . Fraud detection and loss prevention. We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect and prevent losses for you, us, our Business Users, and Financial Partners. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those using our fraud prevention-related Business Services, with your Personal Data (including your attempted transactions) to help them assess the fraud or loss risk associated with a transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Our Business Users (and their authorized third parties). We share End Customers' Personal Data with their respective Business Users and parties directly authorized by those Business Users to receive such data. Here are common examples of such sharing: When a Business User instructs Stripe to provide another Business User with access to its Stripe account, including data related to its End Customers, via Stripe Connect. Sharing information that you have provided to us with a Business User so that we can send payments to you on behalf of that Business User. Sharing information, documents, or images provided by an End Customer with a Business User when the latter uses Stripe Identity, our identity verification Service, to verify the identity of the End Customer. The Business Users you choose to do business with may further share your Personal Data with third parties (like additional third party service providers other than Stripe). Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information. Advertising by Business Users . If you initiate a purchasing process with a Business User, the Business User receives your Personal Data from us in connection with our provision of Services even if you don't finish your purchase. The Business User may use your Personal Data to market and advertise their products or services, subject to the terms of their privacy policy. Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information, including your rights to stop their use of your Personal Data for marketing purposes. More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share End Customers' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.3 Representatives We collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives of Business Users (for example, business owners) to provide our Business Services. For more information about how we collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives, as well as the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Representatives Registration and contact information . When you register for a Stripe account for a Business User (including incorporation of a Business), we collect your name and login credentials. If you register for or attend an event organized by Stripe or sign up to receive Stripe communications, we collect your registration and profile data. As a Representative, we may collect your Personal Data from third parties, including data providers, to advertise, market, and communicate with you as detailed further in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. We may also link a location with you to tailor the Services or information effectively to your needs. Learn More . Identification Information . As a current or potential Business User, an owner of a Business User, or a shareholder, officer, or director of a Business User, we need your contact details, such as name, postal address, telephone number, and email address, to fulfill our Financial Partner and regulatory requirements, verify your identity, and prevent fraudulent activities and harm to the Stripe platform. We collect your Personal Data, such as ownership interest in the Business User, date of birth, government-issued identity documents, and associated identifiers, as well as any history of fraud or misuse, directly from you and/or from publicly available sources, third parties such as credit bureaus and via the Services we provide. Learn More . You may also choose to provide us with bank account information. More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about Representatives, including your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Representatives We typically use the Personal Data of Representatives to provide the Business Services to the corresponding Business Users. The ways we use and share this data are further described below. Business Services . We use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with Business Users to provide the Services requested by you or the Business User you represent. In some instances, we may have to submit your Personal Data to a government entity to provide our Business Services, for purposes such as the incorporation of a business, or calculating and paying applicable sales tax. For our tax-related Business Services, we may use your Personal Data to prepare tax documents and file taxes on behalf of the Business User you represent. For our Atlas business incorporation Services, we may use your Personal Data to submit forms to the IRS on your behalf and file documents with other government authorities, such as articles of incorporation in your state of incorporation. We share Representatives’ Personal Data with parties authorized by the corresponding Business User, such as Financial Partners servicing a financial product, or third party apps or services the Business User chooses to use alongside our Business Services. Here are common examples of such sharing: Payment method providers, like Visa or WeChat Pay, require information about Business Users and their Representatives who accept their payment methods. This information is typically required during the onboarding process or for processing transactions and handling disputes for these Business Users. Learn More . A Business User may authorize Stripe to share your Personal Data with other Business Users to facilitate the provision of Services through Stripe Connect. The use of Personal Data by a third party authorized by a Business User is subject to the third party’s privacy policy. If you are a Business User who has chosen a name that includes Personal Data (for example, a sole proprietorship or family name in a company name), we will use and share such information for the provision of our Services in the same way we do with any company name. This may include, for example, displaying it on receipts and other transaction-identifying descriptions. Fraud detection and loss prevention . We use Representatives’ Personal Data to identify and manage risks that our Business Services might be used for fraudulent activities causing losses to Stripe, End Users, End Customers, Business Users, Financial Partners, and others. We also use information about you obtained from publicly available sources, third parties like credit bureaus and from our Services to address such risks, including to identify patterns of misuse and monitor for terms of service violations. Stripe may share Representatives' Personal Data with Business Users, our Financial Partners, and third party service providers, including phone verification providers, Learn More , to verify the information provided by you and identify risk indicators. Learn More . We also use and share Representatives' Personal Data to conduct due diligence, including conducting anti-money laundering and sanctions screening in accordance with applicable law. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment. However, we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . We may also use your Personal Data, including your Stripe account activity, to evaluate your eligibility for and offer you Business Services or promote existing Business Services. Learn more . More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share Representatives’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.4 Visitors We collect, use, and share the Personal Data of Visitors. More details about how we collect, use, and share Visitors’ Personal Data, along with the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Visitors When you browse our Sites, we receive your Personal Data, either provided directly by you or collected through our use of cookies and similar technologies. See our Cookie Policy for more information. If you opt to complete a form on the Site or third party websites where our advertisements are displayed (like LinkedIn or Facebook), we collect the information you included in the form. This may include your contact information and other information pertaining to your questions about our Services. We may also associate a location with your visit. Learn More . More . Further details about other types of Personal Data that we may collect from Visitors, including your online activity, can be found in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Visitors Personalization . We use the data we collect about you using cookies and similar technologies to measure engagement with the content on the Sites, improve relevancy and navigation, customize your experience (such as language preference and region-specific content), and curate content about Stripe and our Services that's tailored to you. For instance, as not all of our Services are available globally, we may customize our responses based on your region. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Visitors’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . Engagement . As you interact with our Sites, we use the information we collect about and through your devices to provide opportunities for further interactions, such as discussions about Services or interactions with chatbots, to address your questions. More . For more information about additional ways we may use and share Visitors’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 2. More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data In addition to the ways described above, we also process your Personal Data as follows: a. Collection of Personal Data Online Activity . Depending on the Service used and how our Business Services are implemented by the Business Users, we may collect information related to: The devices and browsers you use across our Sites and third party websites, apps, and other online services (“Third Party Sites”). Usage data associated with those devices and browsers and your engagement with our Services, including data elements like IP address, plug-ins, language preference, time spent on Sites and Third Party Sites, pages visited, links clicked, payment methods used, and the pages that led you to our Sites and Third Party Sites. We also collect activity indicators, such as mouse activity indicators, to help us detect fraud. Learn More . See also our Cookie Policy . Communication and Engagement Information . We also collect information you choose to share with us through various channels, such as support tickets, emails, or social media. If you respond to emails or surveys from Stripe, we collect your email address, name, and any other data you opt to include in your email or responses. If you engage with us over the phone, we collect your phone number and any other information you might provide during the call. Calls with Stripe or Stripe representatives may be recorded. Learn More . Additionally, we collect your engagement data, like your registration for, attendance at, or viewing of Stripe events and any other interactions with Stripe personnel. Forums and Discussion Groups . If our Sites allow posting of content, we collect Personal Data that you provide in connection with the post. b. Use of Personal Data. Besides the use of Personal Data described above, we use Personal Data in the ways listed below: Analyzing, Improving, and Developing our Services . We collect and process Personal Data throughout our various Services, whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, to improve our Services, develop new Services, and support our efforts to make our Services more efficient, relevant, and useful to you. Learn More . We may use Personal Data to generate aggregate and statistical information to understand and explain how our Services are used. Examples of how we use Personal Data to analyze, improve, and develop our products and services include: Using analytics on our Sites, including as described in our Cookie Policy, to help us understand your use of our Sites and Services and diagnose technical issues. Training machine learning models to power our Services and protect against fraud and other harm. Analyzing and drawing inferences from Transaction Data to reduce costs, fraud, and disputes and increase authentication and authorization rates for Stripe and our Business Users. Communications . We use the contact information we have about you to deliver our Services, which may involve sending codes via SMS for your authentication. Learn More . If you are an End User, Representative, or Visitor, we may communicate with you using the contact information we have about you to provide information about our Services and our affiliates’ services, invite you to participate in our events, surveys, or user research, or otherwise communicate with you for marketing purposes, in compliance with applicable law, including any consent or opt-out requirements. For example, when you provide your contact information to us or when we collect your business contact details through participation at trade shows or other events, we may use this data to follow up with you regarding an event, provide information requested about our Services, and include you in our marketing information campaigns. Where permitted under applicable law, we may record our calls with you to provide our Services, comply with our legal obligations, perform research and quality assurance, and for training purposes. Social Media and Promotions . If you opt to submit Personal Data to engage in an offer, program, or promotion, we use the Personal Data you provide to manage the offer, program, or promotion. We also use the Personal Data you provide, along with the Personal Data you make available on social media platforms, for marketing purposes, unless we are not permitted to do so. Fraud Prevention and Security . We collect and use Personal Data to help us identify and manage activities that could be fraudulent or harmful across our Services, enable our fraud detection Business Services, and secure our Services and transactions against unauthorized access, use, alteration or misappropriation of Personal Data, information, and funds. As part of the fraud prevention, detection, security monitoring, and compliance efforts for Stripe and its Business Users, we collect information from publicly available sources, third parties (such as credit bureaus), and via the Services we offer. In some instances, we may also collect information about you directly from you, or from our Business Users, Financial Partners, and other third parties for the same purposes. Furthermore, to protect our Services, we may receive details such as IP addresses and other identifying data about potential security threats from third parties. Learn More . Such information helps us verify identities, conduct credit checks where lawfully permitted, and prevent fraud. Additionally, we might use technology to evaluate the potential risk of fraud associated with individuals seeking to procure our Business Services or arising from attempted transactions by an End Customer or End User with our Business Users or Financial Partners. Compliance with Legal Obligations . We use Personal Data to meet our contractual and legal obligations related to anti-money laundering, Know-Your-Customer ("KYC") laws, anti-terrorism activities, safeguarding vulnerable customers, export control, and prohibition of doing business with restricted persons or in certain business fields, among other legal obligations. For example, we may monitor transaction patterns and other online signals and use those insights to identify fraud, money laundering, and other harmful activity that could affect Stripe, our Financial Partners, End Users, Business Users and others. Learn More . Safety, security, and compliance for our Services are key priorities for us, and collecting and using Personal Data is crucial to this effort. Minors . Our Services are not directed to children under the age of 13, and we request that they do not provide Personal Data to seek Services directly from Stripe. In certain jurisdictions, we may impose higher age limits as required by applicable law. c. Sharing of Personal Data. Besides the sharing of Personal Data described above, we share Personal Data in the ways listed below: Stripe Affiliates . We share Personal Data with other Stripe-affiliated entities for purposes identified in this Policy. Service Providers or Processors . In order to provide, communicate, market, analyze, and advertise our Services, we depend on service providers. These providers offer critical services such as providing cloud infrastructure, conducting analytics for the assessment of the speed, accuracy, and/or security of our Services, verifying identities, identifying potentially harmful activity, and providing customer service and audit functions. We authorize these service providers to use or disclose the Personal Data we make available to them to perform services on our behalf and to comply with relevant legal obligations. We require these service providers to contractually commit to security and confidentiality obligations for the Personal Data they process on our behalf. The majority of our service providers are based in the European Union, the United States of America, and India. Learn More . Financial Partners . We share Personal Data with certain Financial Partners to provide Services to Business Users and offer certain Services in conjunction with these Financial Partners. For instance, we may share certain Personal Data, such as payment processing volume, loan repayment data, and Representative contact information, with institutional investors and lenders who purchase loan receivables or provide financing related to Stripe Capital. Learn More . Others with Consent . In some situations, we may not offer a service, but instead refer you to others (like professional service firms that we partner with to deliver the Atlas Service). In these instances, we will disclose the identity of the third party and the information to be shared with them, and seek your consent to share the information. Corporate Transactions . If we enter or intend to enter a transaction that modifies the structure of our business, such as a reorganization, merger, sale, joint venture, assignment, transfer, change of control, or other disposition of all or part of our business, assets, or stock, we may share Personal Data with third parties in connection with such transaction. Any other entity that buys us or part of our business will have the right to continue to use your Personal Data, subject to the terms of this Policy. Compliance and Harm Prevention . We share Personal Data when we believe it is necessary to comply with applicable law; to abide by rules imposed by Financial Partners in connection with the use of their payment method; to enforce our contractual rights; to secure and protect the Services, rights, privacy, safety, and property of Stripe, you, and others, including against malicious or fraudulent activity; and to respond to valid legal requests from courts, law enforcement agencies, regulatory agencies, and other public and government authorities, which may include authorities outside your country of residence. 3. Legal bases for processing Personal Data For purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other applicable data protection laws, we rely on a number of legal bases to process your Personal Data. Learn More . For some jurisdictions, there may be additional legal bases, which are outlined in the Jurisdiction-Specific Provisions section below. a. Contractual and Pre-Contractual Business Relationships . We process Personal Data to enter into business relationships with prospective Business Users and End Users and fulfill our respective contractual obligations with them. These processing activities include: Creation and management of Stripe accounts and Stripe account credentials, including the assessment of applications to initiate or expand the use of our Services; Creation and management of Stripe Checkout accounts; Accounting, auditing, and billing activities; and Processing of payments and related activities, which include fraud detection, loss prevention, transaction optimization, communications about such payments, and related customer service activities. b. Legal Compliance . We process Personal Data to verify the identities of individuals and entities to comply with obligations related to fraud monitoring, prevention, and detection, laws associated with identifying and reporting illicit and illegal activities, such as those under the Anti-Money Laundering ("AML") and Know-Your-Customer (“KYC") regulations, and financial reporting obligations. For example, we may be required to record and verify a Business User’s identity to comply with regulations designed to prevent money laundering, fraud, and financial crimes. These legal obligations may require us to report our compliance to third parties and subject ourselves to third party verification audits. c. Legitimate Interests . Where permitted under applicable law, we rely on our legitimate business interests to process your Personal Data. The following list provides an example of the business purposes for which we have a legitimate interest in processing your data: Detection, monitoring, and prevention of fraud and unauthorized payment transactions; Mitigation of financial loss, claims, liabilities or other harm to End Customers, End Users, Business Users, Financial Partners, and Stripe; Determination of eligibility for and offering new Stripe Services ( Learn More ); Response to inquiries, delivery of Service notices, and provision of customer support; Promotion, analysis, modification, and improvement of our Services, systems, and tools, as well as the development of new products and services, including enhancing the reliability of the Services; Management, operation, and improvement of the performance of our Sites and Services, through understanding their effectiveness and optimizing our digital assets; Analysis and advertisement of our Services, and related improvements; Aggregate analysis and development of business intelligence that enable us to operate, protect, make informed decisions about, and report on the performance of our business; Sharing of Personal Data with third party service providers that offer services on our behalf and business partners that help us in operating and improving our business ( Learn More) ; Enabling network and information security throughout Stripe and our Services; and Sharing of Personal Data among our affiliates. d. Consent . We may rely on consent or explicit consent to collect and process Personal Data regarding our interactions with you and the provision of our Services such as Link, Financial Connections, Atlas, and Identity. When we process your Personal Data based on your consent, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time, and such a withdrawal will not impact the legality of processing performed based on the consent prior to its withdrawal. e. Substantial Public Interest . We may process special categories of Personal Data, as defined by the GDPR, when such processing is necessary for reasons of substantial public interest and consistent with applicable law, such as when we conduct politically-exposed person checks. We may also process Personal Data related to criminal convictions and offenses when such processing is authorized by applicable law, such as when we conduct sanctions screening to comply with AML and KYC obligations. f. Other valid legal bases . We may process Personal Data further to other valid legal bases as recognized under applicable law in specific jurisdictions. See the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section below for more information. 4. Your rights and choices Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have choices regarding our collection, use, and disclosure of your Personal Data: a. Opting out of receiving electronic communications from us If you wish to stop receiving marketing-related emails from us, you can opt-out by clicking the unsubscribe link included in such emails or as described here . We'll try to process your request(s) as quickly as reasonably practicable. However, it's important to note that even if you opt out of receiving marketing-related emails from us, we retain the right to communicate with you about the Services you receive (like support and important legal notices) and our Business Users might still send you messages or instruct us to send you messages on their behalf. b. Your data protection rights Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have the following rights regarding the Personal Data we process about you as a data controller: The right to request confirmation of whether Stripe is processing Personal Data associated with you, the categories of personal data it has processed, and the third parties or categories of third parties with which your Personal Data is shared; The right to request access to the Personal Data Stripe processes about you ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe rectify or update your Personal Data if it's inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated; The right to request that Stripe erase your Personal Data in certain circumstances as provided by law ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe restrict the use of your Personal Data in certain circumstances, such as while Stripe is considering another request you've submitted (for instance, a request that Stripe update your Personal Data); The right to request that we export the Personal Data we hold about you to another company, provided it's technically feasible; The right to withdraw your consent if your Personal Data is being processed based on your previous consent; The right to object to the processing of your Personal Data if we are processing your data based on our legitimate interests; unless there are compelling legitimate grounds or the processing is necessary for legal reasons, we will cease processing your Personal Data upon receiving your objection ( Learn More ); The right not to be discriminated against for exercising these rights; and The right to appeal any decision by Stripe relating to your rights by contacting Stripe’s Data Protection Officer (“DPO”) at dpo@stripe.com , and/or relevant regulatory agencies. You may have additional rights, depending on applicable law, over your Personal Data. For example, see the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section under United States below. c. Process for exercising your data protection rights To exercise your data protection rights related to Personal Data we process as a data controller, visit our Privacy Center or contact us as outlined below. For Personal Data we process as a data processor, please reach out to the relevant data controller (Business User) to exercise your rights. If you contact us regarding your Personal Data we process as a data processor, we will refer you to the relevant data controller to the extent we are able to identify them. 5. Security and Retention We make reasonable efforts to provide a level of security appropriate to the risk associated with the processing of your Personal Data. We maintain organizational, technical, and administrative measures designed to protect the Personal Data covered by this Policy from unauthorized access, destruction, loss, alteration, or misuse. Learn More . Unfortunately, no data transmission or storage system can be guaranteed to be 100% secure. We encourage you to assist us in protecting your Personal Data. If you hold a Stripe account, you can do so by using a strong password, safeguarding your password against unauthorized use, and avoiding using identical login credentials you use for other services or accounts for your Stripe account. If you suspect that your interaction with us is no longer secure (for instance, you believe that your Stripe account's security has been compromised), please contact us immediately. We retain your Personal Data for as long as we continue to provide the Services to you or our Business Users, or for a period in which we reasonably foresee continuing to provide the Services. Even after we stop providing Services directly to you or to a Business User that you're doing business with, and even after you close your Stripe account or complete a transaction with a Business User, we may continue to retain your Personal Data to: Comply with our legal and regulatory obligations; Enable fraud monitoring, detection, and prevention activities; and Comply with our tax, accounting, and financial reporting obligations, including when such retention is required by our contractual agreements with our Financial Partners (and where data retention is mandated by the payment methods you've used). In cases where we keep your Personal Data, we do so in accordance with any limitation periods and record retention obligations imposed by applicable law. Learn More . 6. International Data Transfers As a global business, it's sometimes necessary for us to transfer your Personal Data to countries other than your own, including the United States. These countries might have data protection regulations that are different from those in your country. When transferring data across borders, we take measures to comply with applicable data protection laws related to such transfer. In certain situations, we may be required to disclose Personal Data in response to lawful requests from officials, such as law enforcement or security authorities. Learn More . If you are located in the European Economic Area (“EEA”), the United Kingdom ("UK"), or Switzerland, please refer to our Privacy Center for additional details. When a data transfer mechanism is mandated by applicable law, we employ one or more of the following: Transfers to certain countries or recipients that are recognized as having an adequate level of protection for Personal Data under applicable law. EU Standard Contractual Clauses approved by the European Commission and the UK International Data Transfer Addendum issued by the Information Commissioner’s Office. You can obtain a copy of the relevant Standard Contractual Clauses. Learn More . Other lawful methods available to us under applicable law. Stripe, Inc. complies with the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (“EU-U.S. DPF”), the UK Extension to the EU-U.S. DPF, and the Swiss-U.S. Data Privacy Framework as set forth by t | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
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https://dev.to/dinesh_04/how-speed-finally-made-my-character-feel-alive-3aai | How Speed Finally Made My Character Feel Alive - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Dinesh Posted on Jan 12 How Speed Finally Made My Character Feel Alive # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # animation Game Designing and Development (9 Part Series) 1 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 4 2 Understanding Starter Content and Selection Mode in Unreal Engine (Day 10) ... 5 more parts... 3 Actor Panel and Landscape Tool Basics in Unreal Engine (Day 11) 4 Learning Landscape Heightmaps and Sculpting Tools in Unreal Engine (Day 12) 5 Learning the Foliage Tool in Unreal Engine (Day 13) 6 Creating Materials in Unreal Engine 5 and Understanding ORM Textures (Day 14) 7 How I Turned a Static Character into a Moving One in Unreal Engine 8 Why My First Animation Blueprint Didn’t Work in Unreal Engine 9 How Speed Finally Made My Character Feel Alive My character was moving… but it felt wrong. Walking and running looked the same. Speed was the missing piece. This post is part of my daily learning journey in game development. I’m sharing what I learn each day — the basics, the confusion, and the real progress — from the perspective of a beginner. On Day 17 of my game development journey, I learned about Blend Spaces and basic movement logic in Unreal Engine. What I tried / learned today I created a Blend Space 1D for my character using a Speed parameter. I set a reasonable speed range so it matches natural movement: Idle at 0 Walk at a mid value Run at the max value Then I connected the Blend Space inside the Idle/Walk/Run state in the Animation Blueprint. To drive the Blend Space, I calculated speed using: Character movement velocity Vector length That value controlled how the animations blended smoothly. What confused me At first, the animation changes didn’t feel natural. I didn’t understand why walking and running looked almost the same. What worked or finally clicked Once I matched the movement speed values with the animation speeds, everything felt right. Matching animation speed with movement speed was the key . In the Character Blueprint, I added simple logic: Normal speed for walking Increased speed while holding Shift This made walking and running feel intentional and different. One lesson for beginners Blend Spaces depend on correct speed values Movement logic and animation must match Small tweaks create big improvements Slow progress — but I’m building a strong foundation. If you’re also learning game development, what was the first thing that confused you when you started? See you in the next post 🎮🚀 Game Designing and Development (9 Part Series) 1 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 4 2 Understanding Starter Content and Selection Mode in Unreal Engine (Day 10) ... 5 more parts... 3 Actor Panel and Landscape Tool Basics in Unreal Engine (Day 11) 4 Learning Landscape Heightmaps and Sculpting Tools in Unreal Engine (Day 12) 5 Learning the Foliage Tool in Unreal Engine (Day 13) 6 Creating Materials in Unreal Engine 5 and Understanding ORM Textures (Day 14) 7 How I Turned a Static Character into a Moving One in Unreal Engine 8 Why My First Animation Blueprint Didn’t Work in Unreal Engine 9 How Speed Finally Made My Character Feel Alive Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Dinesh Follow I am currently learning Game Designing and Development. I also share my learning journey on Medium site (profile link in website url). Location Chennai, India Education Monolith Research and Training labs Joined Dec 27, 2025 More from Dinesh Why My First Animation Blueprint Didn’t Work in Unreal Engine # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # animation How I Turned a Static Character into a Moving One in Unreal Engine # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # animation Creating Materials in Unreal Engine 5 and Understanding ORM Textures (Day 14) # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # learning 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://dev.to/aws-builders/my-cloud-practitioner-certification-journey-and-the-resources-to-certify-with-confidence-81n#comments | My Cloud Practitioner Certification Journey and the Resources to Certify with Confidence - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Ntombizakhona Mabaso for AWS Community Builders Posted on Jan 9 My Cloud Practitioner Certification Journey and the Resources to Certify with Confidence # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Exam Guide: Cloud Practitioner (22 Part Series) 1 Cloud Practitioner Exam Guide 2 Define the Benefits of the AWS Cloud ... 18 more parts... 3 Identify Design Principles of the AWS Cloud 4 Understand the Benefits of and Strategies for Migration to the AWS Cloud 5 Understand Concepts of Cloud Economics 6 Understand the AWS Shared Responsibility Model 7 Understand AWS Cloud Security, Governance, and Compliance Concepts 8 Identify AWS Access Management Capabilities 9 Identify Components and Resources for Security 10 Define Methods of Deploying and Operating in the AWS Cloud 11 Define the AWS Global Infrastructure 12 Identify AWS Compute Services 13 Identify AWS Database Services 14 Identify AWS Network Services 15 Identify AWS Storage Services 16 Identify AWS Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) Services And Analytics Services 17 Identify Services From Other In-Scope AWS Service Categories 18 Compare AWS Pricing Models 19 Understand Resources For Billing, Budget, and Cost Management 20 Identify AWS Technical Resources And AWS Support Options 21 Technologies and Concepts: Cloud Practitioner (CLF-C02) 22 My Cloud Practitioner Certification Journey and the Resources to Certify with Confidence ☁️ Exam Guide : Cloud Practitioner Resources to Certify With Confidence 📘 My Cloud Practitioner Certification Journey 🧠 Don't Be Scared to Fail In Fact, Fail as Soon as Possible Most people are scared to take exams, particularly AWS Exams, because they're scared of failure. Well, failure isn't the opposite of progress, it's often the fastest path toward it. When you shift your mindset and embrace the possibility of stumbling early, you create space for rapid learning, quick corrections, and accelerated growth. Many people delay booking the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner Exam because they're paralyzed by the fear of not passing on the first try. I completely understand that hesitation, it's a natural response to stepping outside your comfort zone. But...the longer you wait, trapped in the cycle of almost ready, the longer you stay stuck between ambition and action. A mindset shift that fundamentally changed my approach was this: if something's going to fail, let it fail early. Why? Because early failure means early learning, early adjustment, and faster forward momentum. The worst outcome isn't a failed exam, it's delaying your progress indefinitely because you're waiting for some mythical moment of perfect readiness that never actually arrives. 🚀 How It All Started About five years ago, I earned my first AWS certification. Looking back now, it feels surreal how quickly time has passed and how much that single decision shaped the trajectory of my career and my relationship with technology. At the time, I was deep in the trenches of university life, balancing lectures, assignments, exams, and deadlines while simultaneously building websites on the side to earn some extra income and gain real-world experience. While working on these projects, I started noticing that tools, platforms, and services I relied on, things I thought were independent and permanent, kept getting acquired by AWS, left, right, and center. That curiosity pulled me in like gravity. At first, my engagement with AWS was casual, quick glances at service descriptions during study breaks, skimming blog posts while waiting for code to compile, watching a YouTube video here and there. But AWS kept creeping back into my thoughts like that song you can't stop humming, the one that plays on repeat in the back of your mind no matter what else you're doing. Eventually, I made a decision: after my final university exam, I would go all in and take AWS seriously. 🗓️ Two Weeks, One Goal It was 1 December 2020 . My final university exams were behind me, and while I was waiting for my results to be finalized (which, by the way, took a full six months—imagine the suspense!), I decided it was time to act on that promise I'd made to myself. I gave myself a tight, focused timeline: two weeks to prepare for the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner exam. I booked the exam immediately. Why? Because booking created accountability. Once the exam date was locked in, procrastination was no longer an option. I had a deadline, and deadlines work wonders for focus. During those two weeks, I concentrated heavily on one core resource: AWS Whitepaper: "Overview of Amazon Web Services" (This became my foundation because it was clear, concise, and aligned with the exam's conceptual focus.) I read it thoroughly, took notes, cross-referenced unfamiliar terms, and made sure I understood the why behind AWS services, not just the what. On 14 December 2020 , I walked into that exam with a mix of nerves and determination: and I passed! Ntombizakhona Mabaso — AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner That first certification felt like unlocking a door I didn't even know was closed. AWS went from being interesting to I want to understand absolutely everything about this. That moment of passing was proof that I could learn, adapt, and succeed in a domain that had seemed intimidating just weeks earlier. And from that day forward, AWS became more than a curiosity—it became an obsession in the best possible way. 💥 Overcoming the Fear of Failure Fear is a natural, human response to the unknown. But fear, if left unchecked, has a sneaky way of transforming into procrastination, self-doubt, and inaction. I've seen it happen to countless people, talented, capable individuals who never take the exam because they're waiting to feel "100% ready," a state that, frankly, rarely exists. What helped me most was shifting my focus from fear to curiosity : Curiosity pushes you to explore, ask questions, and seek understanding. Fear pushes you to delay, overthink, and stay in your comfort zone. Consistent curiosity, even imperfect action, beats "perfect readiness" every single time. 🔁 Failing Forward Building a Culture of Learning You've probably heard phrases like: "fail fast" "fail forward" "celebrate failure" These aren't just corporate buzzwords or motivational slogans, they represent a genuine philosophy about how learning works in the real world. What they really mean is this: Something went wrong. We identified the mistake. We learned something meaningful from it. We adjusted our approach. And we improved—without causing lasting damage or wasted effort. Speed matters. "Fail fast" is about reducing wasted time, money, and energy by discovering what doesn't work as quickly as possible. In the context of AWS certifications, "failure" (if it happens) is simply feedback, a signal that tells you which topics need more attention, which concepts need deeper exploration, and which areas of the exam blueprint you haven't fully absorbed yet. The faster you receive that feedback, the faster you can course-correct. That's why booking the exam early, even if you feel "not quite ready," can be such a powerful strategy. It turns abstract preparation into concrete, time-bound action. 🧰 So Many Resources, So Little Excuse to Delay When I started my certification journey five years ago, my resources were limited. I relied heavily on that single AWS whitepaper, free AWS Training resources, some YouTube tutorials, and whatever blog posts I could find through Google searches. It was enough to pass, but it required a lot of self-direction, patience, and guesswork. Now? The landscape has transformed completely. The sheer volume and quality of resources available today is staggering: Interactive Learning Paths with guided progression Gamified Labs that let you learn by doing High-Quality Practice Exams that mirror the real test experience Structured Third-Party Courses led by experienced instructors Community Forums where you can ask questions and get answers from people who've been exactly where you are With a decent study plan and consistent daily effort, you can prepare for the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner exam in 50 days or less —and often much faster if you dedicate focused time each day. And here's something critical to remember: certifications aren't just badges you add to your LinkedIn profile to impress recruiters (though that's certainly a nice bonus). They build: Confidence in your ability to understand and articulate cloud concepts Vocabulary and Clarity that let you speak the language of cloud professionals Real Career Leverage , especially if you're aiming for cloud-focused roles, solutions architecture, DevOps, or technical sales AWS certifications, in particular, are recognized globally as a benchmark for Cloud Expertise. They signal to employers, clients, and peers that you've invested time and effort into understanding one of the most important technology platforms in the world. ✅ What the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner Proves The AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner is a foundational certification that validates your high-level understanding of: AWS Cloud Concepts and the value proposition of cloud computing Common AWS Services and their real-world use cases Basic Security Principles and the AWS shared responsibility model Billing, Pricing, and Cost Management fundamentals Core Terminology used across AWS documentation, whitepapers, and technical discussions It's an excellent starting point whether you're: New to IT or Cloud and looking for a structured way to enter the field Switching Careers from a non-technical background into cloud roles Building Cloud Literacy for a business, sales, or project management role where understanding cloud fundamentals is increasingly essential 🧭 Top Resources Below is a practical, step-by-step progression designed to take you from foundational knowledge all the way through to exam readiness. This isn't a rigid formula—adjust based on your learning style, available time, and prior experience, but it's a proven path that works. 1. AWS Skill Builder: Cloud Essentials + Technical Essentials Start here for the structured, official foundation. These courses are created by AWS and aligned directly with the exam blueprint. Cloud Essentials covers the high-level cloud value proposition, the shared responsibility model, basic security concepts, and cost fundamentals. Technical Essentials goes deeper into compute, storage, networking, databases, and how these services fit together in real-world architectures. 2. AWS Cloud Quest: Cloud Practitioner Cloud Quest is a game-based learning experience where you complete hands-on assignments in a live AWS environment. It's designed to make concepts "stick" through practical application, repetition, and scenario-based challenges. This is where theory meets practice. 3. Third-Party Courses Neal Davis on Udemy & The QA Platform ( formerly known as Cloudacademy ) These courses complement AWS's official content with: Clearer explanations of complex topics Exam strategy and common traps Hundreds of practice questions with detailed explanations Structured modules mapped directly to the CLF-C02 exam domains (Cloud Concepts, Security & Compliance, Cloud Technology & Services, Billing & Pricing) If you're reading this in real time: **09 Janaury 2025 (12:00PM SAST _(UTC/GMT +2) )**. Then, the 2026 AWS Community Builders Application is open, and QA Platform, is actually one of the benefits of being in the program, then you can study and do as many labs as you want!_ 4. Gamified Revision Tools SimuLearn / Escape Room / Card Clash Use these after completing each major topic (e.g., networking, security, cost management) to reinforce weak areas. These tools are designed for active recall—short, intense sessions where you answer scenario-based questions under light pressure. They help your brain link abstract concepts like VPC, IAM, or Cost Explorer to concrete exam-style situations. I love Simulearn because of the Hands on Learning! I love Escape Room because of Cloudia. I love Card Clash because Miss Gorilla teaches me about securing my environment! You should totally consider AWS Gamified Learning resources. 5. AWS Whitepaper: "Overview of Amazon Web Services" My favourite Whitepaper! Honestly, if you study this Whitepaper and absolutely consume it like I did, you should be ready to pass the exam. You should read it on your phone, iPad, laptop, go buy some pens and notebooks, and write it out in your own words! I love this Whitepaper. The Overview of Amazon Web Services Whitepaper explains core services, global infrastructure, security, and pricing models in clear language that aligns closely with how exam questions are phrased. Read it thoroughly, skim it for review, or use it as a reference when you encounter unfamiliar terms. 6. Official Practice Question Set + Pretest Treat the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner Official Practice Pretest and any pretest you take as your final checkpoint. Aim for consistent scores of 95% or higher before booking your exam (or before sitting for it if you've already booked). Review every wrong answer carefully. Read the explanations. Identify which domain (Cloud Concepts, Security, Technology, Billing) is causing you trouble, and go back to targeted resources to fill those gaps. 7. If Recertifying: Cloud Quest: Recertify Cloud Practitioner If your AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner credential is expiring within six months, you may be eligible to renew it via AWS Cloud Quest: Recertify Cloud Practitioner , a free, game-based path that extends your certification for three more years without requiring you to retake the exam. Availability and eligibility can vary, so confirm the details on the official AWS certification site! 📚 Quick Breakdown of the Key Tools 1) Cloud Quest (Including Recertify) Cloud Quest is an open-world, role-playing game where you complete approximately 12 real-life scenario assignments using a live AWS account (accessed through Skill Builder labs). It's hands-on, immersive, and helps you understand how AWS services work together in practical contexts. 2) Skill Builder Learning Paths Cloud Essentials: Introduces cloud value, the shared responsibility model, security basics, and pricing concepts in plain, accessible language. Technical Essentials: Deepens your understanding of compute (EC2), storage (S3, EBS), networking (VPC), databases (RDS, DynamoDB), and how they integrate into cohesive architectures. 3) Third-Party Courses These courses are especially helpful for: Mapping content directly to the CLF-C02 exam blueprint Learning exam-taking strategies (how to eliminate wrong answers, recognize traps, manage time) Practicing with hundreds of additional questions beyond what AWS provides officially 4) Gamified Practice Use these tools as active recall exercises. They're designed for short, high-intensity sessions where you answer scenario-based questions under light time pressure. They help solidify memory and build speed which is critical for exam day. 5) Whitepaper + Official Practice The "Overview of Amazon Web Services" whitepaper is written in language that mirrors exam questions. The official practice question set is your litmus test: review every wrong answer, understand why you missed it, and track which domain (Concepts, Security, Technology, Billing) needs more focused study. 🏁 Concluding Remarks If you're thinking about pursuing the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner certification, I have one piece of advice for you: stop waiting for the "perfect time." There's no perfect moment. There's no magical state of absolute readiness. There's only action, and the learning that comes from taking that action. Book the exam. Build momentum. Learn as you go. Even if you stumble, you're still moving forward. Every attempt, whether it results in a pass or a learning experience disguised as a "fail," builds: Experience navigating AWS concepts and terminology Confidence in your ability to understand complex systems Real cloud understanding that translates directly into workplace value Certifications open doors. They validate your knowledge to employers, clients, and colleagues. They give you the vocabulary to participate in technical discussions with credibility. And most importantly, they prove to yourself that you're capable of growth, learning, and achievement. So take that first step. Invest in yourself. And go get certified. Reminder: Always refer to the official AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner exam guide for the most up-to-date list of in-scope and out-of-scope services, exam objectives, and domain weightings. 👇 AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner (CLF-C02) Exam Guide Exam Guide: Cloud Practitioner (22 Part Series) 1 Cloud Practitioner Exam Guide 2 Define the Benefits of the AWS Cloud ... 18 more parts... 3 Identify Design Principles of the AWS Cloud 4 Understand the Benefits of and Strategies for Migration to the AWS Cloud 5 Understand Concepts of Cloud Economics 6 Understand the AWS Shared Responsibility Model 7 Understand AWS Cloud Security, Governance, and Compliance Concepts 8 Identify AWS Access Management Capabilities 9 Identify Components and Resources for Security 10 Define Methods of Deploying and Operating in the AWS Cloud 11 Define the AWS Global Infrastructure 12 Identify AWS Compute Services 13 Identify AWS Database Services 14 Identify AWS Network Services 15 Identify AWS Storage Services 16 Identify AWS Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) Services And Analytics Services 17 Identify Services From Other In-Scope AWS Service Categories 18 Compare AWS Pricing Models 19 Understand Resources For Billing, Budget, and Cost Management 20 Identify AWS Technical Resources And AWS Support Options 21 Technologies and Concepts: Cloud Practitioner (CLF-C02) 22 My Cloud Practitioner Certification Journey and the Resources to Certify with Confidence Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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Learn more More from AWS Community Builders Tag log buckets created by AWS CDK for third party tools # aws # cdk # cdknag It’s 2026: Stop Using AWS IAM and Start Using IAM Identity Center # aws # tutorial # devops # cloud AWS Community Builder 2026 - Applications Open !! # aws # community # kiro # ai 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . 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https://dev.to/jonghwayoo03_dev/simple-sns-project-step-1-user-registration-handling-forbidden-words-with-spring-boot-5g4b | [Simple SNS Project] Step 1. User Registration & Handling Forbidden Words with Spring Boot - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse JongHwa Posted on Dec 29, 2025 [Simple SNS Project] Step 1. User Registration & Handling Forbidden Words with Spring Boot # java # springboot # tutorial # react Building a Simple SNS from Scratch (4 Part Series) 1 [Simple SNS Project] Step 1. User Registration & Handling Forbidden Words with Spring Boot 2 [Simple SNS Project] Step 2. Optimizing Feed Performance: DB Indexing & Rate Limiting 3 [Simple SNS Project] Step 3. Building the Follow System & Timeline (N:M Relationship) 4 [Simple SNS Project] Step 4. Search Implementation & Logging Strategy I have started a new side project called "Very Simple SNS" to strengthen my full-stack development skills using Spring Boot and React . The goal is not just to write code, but to understand the "Why" behind every architectural decision, such as database indexing, traffic handling, and system design. In this first step, I focused on setting up the environment and implementing the User Registration feature. Tech Stack Backend: Spring Boot 3.x, Spring Data JPA, MySQL Frontend: React (Vite) Collaboration: Git (Monorepo structure) 1. The Core Logic: Forbidden Word Filter One of the key requirements for Step 1 was to prevent users from using specific keywords (e.g., "admin", "operator") in their nicknames to avoid confusion. I faced a design decision: Where should I put this validation logic? Inside the Entity? (User.java) Inside the Service Layer? (UserService.java) My Decision: The Service Layer. Entities should focus on their own internal integrity (e.g., length check, null check). Checking against a list of "forbidden words" is a business policy that might change over time or require external data sources (like a DB table or Redis). Therefore, it belongs in the Service layer to keep the Entity pure. @Service @RequiredArgsConstructor public class UserService { // In a real-world scenario, this would be fetched from a DB or Cache private static final List < String > FORBIDDEN_WORDS = List . of ( "admin" , "operator" ); @Transactional public Long signup ( SignupRequest request ) { // Validation Logic if ( containsForbiddenWord ( request . getNickname ())) { throw new IllegalArgumentException ( "This nickname is not allowed." ); } // ... saving user logic } private boolean containsForbiddenWord ( String nickname ) { return FORBIDDEN_WORDS . stream (). anyMatch ( nickname: : contains ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. What I Learned Monorepo Setup: Managing both Backend and Frontend in a single Git repository makes it easier to track changes for a specific feature. Separation of Concerns: Distinguishing between Domain logic (Entity) and Business logic (Service) is crucial for maintainability. Building a Simple SNS from Scratch (4 Part Series) 1 [Simple SNS Project] Step 1. User Registration & Handling Forbidden Words with Spring Boot 2 [Simple SNS Project] Step 2. Optimizing Feed Performance: DB Indexing & Rate Limiting 3 [Simple SNS Project] Step 3. Building the Follow System & Timeline (N:M Relationship) 4 [Simple SNS Project] Step 4. Search Implementation & Logging Strategy Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse JongHwa Follow Junior Full-Stack Developer | Passionate about Spring Boot & learning React for modern web development. A collection of my 'Aha!' moments. 💡 Location Paraná, Entre Ríos Province, Argentina Pronouns he/him Joined Dec 4, 2025 More from JongHwa [Simple SNS Project] Step 4. Search Implementation & Logging Strategy # sql # database # springboot # java [Simple SNS Project] Step 3. Building the Follow System & Timeline (N:M Relationship) # backend # java # mysql # tutorial [Simple SNS Project] Step 2. Optimizing Feed Performance: DB Indexing & Rate Limiting # database # backend # springboot # performance 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
https://dumb.dev.to/privacy#9-supplemental-notice-for-nevada-residents | Privacy Policy - DUMB DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DUMB DEV Community Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. 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https://dev.to/help/reacting-commenting-engaging#Reactions | Reacting, Commenting and Engaging - DEV Help - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close DEV Help The latest help documentation, tips and tricks from the DEV Community. Help > Reacting, Commenting and Engaging Reacting, Commenting and Engaging In this article Reactions Comments Active Engagement The DEV Community Newsletter & DEV Digest Writing Challenges & Content Campaigns (see also: Badges) Discussionsdiscuss Common Questions Q: How does comment threading work? Connect with the community, and discover advanced strategies for boosting engagement. Reactions Reactions allow you to express how you feel about articles on DEV and show your appreciation for the authors. You will find the reaction buttons at the top left corner of an article. Here's what (we think) they mean: ❤️ Love it. Default reaction showing appreciation for the article or author. 🦄 Exceptional. Indicates that the article is exceptionally good or unique, deserving of admiration beyond standard appreciation. 🤯 Wow! Expresses astonishment or amazement at the content of the article. 🙌 Well Done. Indicates support or encouragement, or showing solidarity with the author's or their perspective. 🔥Hot Take. Represents enthusiasm or agreement about the content, suggesting that it's trending or generating a lot of interest; acknowledges a strong point made in the article. Comments Subscribe to Comments: Keep up-to-date with new comments on posts by activating post subscriptions. Simply locate the subscribe button above the comment box on any post you want to keep track of and click to subscribe. Hide Comments on Your Posts: If you want to hide a comment that was added to one of your posts, simply click the dropdown connected to the comment and select the "Hide" option. For more information, refer to our original changelog post on the feature. Active Engagement Participate in discussions, events, and initiatives to connect with the DEV community. The DEV Community Newsletter & DEV Digest The DEV Community Newsletter is a weekly email that presents our carefully selected Top 7 posts of the week, trending discussions on DEV, noteworthy updates, announcements for community campaigns and writing challenges, and platform enhancements, among other updates. DEV Digest is a periodic compilation of top posts---a curated selection based on the tags you follow. You can customize your email notification preferences in your account settings. Writing Challenges & Content Campaigns (see also: Badges) Writing Challenges DEV offers a range of challenges tailored to enhance your writing prowess. By joining these challenges, you unlock the chance to earn coveted badges to adorn your profile, including: Writing Debut: Celebrates your inaugural DEV post contribution. Writing Streak Badges: Recognize your commitment to consistent posting, awarded for maintaining a weekly posting streak for 4, 8, and 16 consecutive weeks. Top 7: One of our most esteemed badges, granted to authors featured in the weekly "must-reads" Top 7 Posts of the Week. Additionally, there are numerous language badges, bestowed weekly upon the Top Author in each respective language category. Community Campaigns & Hackathons DEV also organizes several Community Campaigns & Hackathons annually, representing a diverse array of events, celebrations, and activations throughout the year. These include: WeCoded: Formerly known as SheCoded, a celebration of gender equity in software development. Coding in Costume: An October costume contest adding a fun twist to coding. DEVImpact: An inclusive celebration highlighting top authors, emerging voices, prominent tags, moderator contributions, new features, and community expansion. DEVResolutions: A platform for community members to share their goals, achievements, and provide mutual support and encouragement. These campaigns -- and more! -- inspire members to write on specific themes or use designated tags, offering opportunities for featuring, promotion, and rewards. Discussions #discuss Create articles tagged with #discuss when you want to ask open-ended questions, technical questions, start polls, or create discussions.You could earn the "Top Discussion of the Week" badge. Common Questions Q: How does comment threading work? A: Comments are threaded with a maximum depth, and then they become flat. You can respond to flattened-out threads by replying to the last comment in the overall thread. 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:18 |
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