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https://www.linkedin.com/posts/devcyclehq_why-feature-flags-are-a-must-in-every-engineering-activity-7406778853395832832-qWz4 | Why Feature Flags Are a Must in Every Engineering Manager’s Toolkit | DevCycle Agree & Join LinkedIn By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s User Agreement , Privacy Policy , and Cookie Policy . Skip to main content LinkedIn Top Content People Learning Jobs Games Sign in Join now DevCycle’s Post DevCycle 1,008 followers 3w Report this post 👾 Engineering teams don’t slow down because of code 🐌 They slow down because every deployment is treated like a launch 🏎️ Feature flags fix that 👯♂️ Decouple deploy from release → ship faster, fear less, validate sooner 🔥 If you’re still shipping big-bang style… you’re burning velocity https://lnkd.in/esqHPr-f #FeatureFlags #SoftwareEng #EngManager by Mark Allen Why Feature Flags Are a Must in Every Engineering Manager’s Toolkit blog.devcycle.com 1 Like Comment Share Copy LinkedIn Facebook X To view or add a comment, sign in 1,008 followers View Profile Connect Explore content categories Career Productivity Finance Soft Skills & Emotional Intelligence Project Management Education Technology Leadership Ecommerce User Experience Show more Show less LinkedIn © 2026 About Accessibility User Agreement Privacy Policy Cookie Policy Copyright Policy Brand Policy Guest Controls Community Guidelines العربية (Arabic) বাংলা (Bangla) Čeština (Czech) Dansk (Danish) Deutsch (German) Ελληνικά (Greek) English (English) Español (Spanish) فارسی (Persian) Suomi (Finnish) Français (French) हिंदी (Hindi) Magyar (Hungarian) Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian) Italiano (Italian) עברית (Hebrew) 日本語 (Japanese) 한국어 (Korean) मराठी (Marathi) Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) Nederlands (Dutch) Norsk (Norwegian) ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi) Polski (Polish) Português (Portuguese) Română (Romanian) Русский (Russian) Svenska (Swedish) తెలుగు (Telugu) ภาษาไทย (Thai) Tagalog (Tagalog) Türkçe (Turkish) Українська (Ukrainian) Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese) 简体中文 (Chinese (Simplified)) 正體中文 (Chinese (Traditional)) Language Sign in to view more content Create your free account or sign in to continue your search Sign in Welcome back Email or phone Password Show Forgot password? Sign in or By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s User Agreement , Privacy Policy , and Cookie Policy . New to LinkedIn? Join now or New to LinkedIn? Join now By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s User Agreement , Privacy Policy , and Cookie Policy . | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://dev.to/t/productivity/videos#main-content | Videos - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close All videos # productivity on Video Navigating Long AI Chats Is Broken — So I Built a Chrome Extension to Fix It Lingarao Yechuri How to Create Product GIFs for Your Landing Page (No Video Editing Required) Varun Krishnan Introducing FocusWhileAI Chrome Extension 🚀 Rudhra Bharathy G Tab Wise v2.1.0 is live Siddhesh Shirdhankar 🚀 TaskMaster – React + Firebase Task Manager with Subtasks & Progress Tracking sayyed rabeeh Agent Factory Recap: Keith Ballinger on AI, The Future of Development, and Vibe Coding Mollie Pettit Devoxx: Investing for geeks v1.1.0 by Foivos Zakkak Scale YouTube Devoxx: Investing for geeks v1.1.0 by Foivos Zakkak Scale YouTube Devoxx: Investing for geeks v1.1.0 by Foivos Zakkak Scale YouTube Devoxx: Investing for geeks v1.1.0 by Foivos Zakkak Scale YouTube Devoxx: Investing for geeks v1.1.0 by Foivos Zakkak Scale YouTube Devoxx: Investing for geeks v1.1.0 by Foivos Zakkak Scale YouTube 03:43 Can logic assembly replace low-level programming in automation? Beeptec Engineering 00:50 💥 Myth #1: Architecture is just making diagrams Thibault Morin 00:41 What is Git | Explained in under a minute Ravgeet Dhillon 04:00 🗓️ If Your Architecture Doesn’t Shape Execution, It’s Just Diagrams Thibault Morin 03:29 🏢 If You’re Guessing What Stakeholders Want, You’re Already Behind Thibault Morin 03:58 🤔 If Your Architecture Ignores the Business, It’s Already Broken Thibault Morin 02:55 🗑️ Ditch the Docs: Architect Smarter in One Page Thibault Morin 03:06 🎯 The 3 Questions That Make or Break Your Architecture Effort Thibault Morin 03:06 🧠 Why Architecture Diagrams Aren’t Enough – and What to Do Instead Thibault Morin 02:10 📄 Architecture That Delivers Real Value — Not Just Diagrams Thibault Morin 01:19 Ambient lighting - DIY B Mithilesh 10:28 Deploy on Jira Ankit Rattan loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
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https://dev.to/aws-builders/aurora-dsql-build-a-serverless-multi-region-e-commerce-platform-i62 | Aurora DSQL - Build A Serverless Multi-Region E-Commerce Platform - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Darryl Ruggles for AWS Community Builders Posted on Nov 18, 2025 Aurora DSQL - Build A Serverless Multi-Region E-Commerce Platform # serverless # aurora # terraform # aws Introduction I’ve always been a big fan of managed and truly serverless services offered by public cloud providers like AWS. I want to be able to prototype and build applications with as little infrastructure handling and management as possible. My time should be spent focusing on the business logic of the problem at hand. I really like using services on AWS like Lambda, API Gateway, the Simple Queue Service (SQS), Simple Notification Service (SNS), and many others. For a database platform I have almost always used DynamoDB. DynamoDB tables can be provisioned and ready to use in seconds. The service is highly performant at any scale and you just pay for what you use. I don’t have to pay $100’s per month for something I may only use once a week. In recent times we’ve had a resurgence of interest in SQL-based databases. Of course we all learned about databases with these but I’ve typically avoided them whenever possible due to all the setup and management required and how long it takes to start using these after you create them. I know the interface to and API for DynamoDB can be rather cryptic and difficult to get used to but it’s a very serverless offering - so right up my alley. When AWS announced Aurora DSQL at re:Invent 2024, it really struck a chord with me and seemed to give me another big option to take advantage of. I was honestly quite disappointed when I started reading details about much of the functionality I was used to with SQL databases not being supported in DSQL. As time has passed I have understood why the DSQL team made many of the choices they did to get the performance and consistency they want. I have read a lot of articles and watched videos from Marc Brooker ( Marc’s Blog ) and others ( AWS DSQL Blogs ) and appreciate the work that went into DSQL and it’s innovative design. Aurora DSQL is a multi-region distributed SQL database that provisions in under 60 seconds and bills only for actual usage. No instances to size, no standby replicas to pay for when you're not using them, and multi-region replication is built-in when you need it. Currently multi-region support only allow pairs of AWS regions in the same general parts of the world but the team is working on supporting more cases like pairs of regions much farther apart (think one in the US and one in Europe or something like that) and possible support for things like CDC (Change Data Capture) where changes are streamed via an interface. Aurora DSQL ensures that all reads and writes to any Regional endpoint are strongly consistent and durable. This is very tough to accomplish in a very fast and scalable fashion like they have accomplished. The Kabob Store I wanted to build a demo project ( Github repo here ) that I could expand on in later blogs and code repos. I have chosen to build “The Kabob Store” to start working with Aurora DSQL along with other AWS services. Who doesn’t like Kabobs and tasty Baclava anyway? This e-commerce platform is the start of my future Kabob empire but for now it’s a practical test: a fully functional e-commerce platform with menu browsing, cart management, order placement, and order history. It uses Aurora DSQL for data storage, Elastic Container Service (ECS) with Fargate for compute, and demonstrates whether DSQL can replace DynamoDB as the default choice for serverless applications that need relational data. In the past I typically focused on using serverless compute via AWS Lambda for most projects. I think most people have come to the realization that there are many ways to solves problems and sticking to the same one for everything is not the best approach. I have spent a lot of time working with containers over the years - be it in local Kubernetes installs setup via kubeadm, cloud provider Kubernetes cluster like the Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS) on AWS, and the Elastic Container Service (ECS) on AWS. I have seen that these work really well for many use cases. I see the job of a solution architect as taking the requirements given for any problem and the boundaries set to go and sort through the vast set of available tools and platforms and build a solution that best meets the goals and budget. This doesn’t always mean using your favourite approaches and tools. For me this was almost always to use AWS serverless tools and event-driven architectures in the past. In the last few years I have been spending a lot more time mixing in things like container-based solutions, simple VM setups, and almost any approach that gets the job done. I think one of the keys to allowing this flexibility is structuring business logic code so that it doesn’t know (or care) much about where it’s running and typically should not directly interact with most of the surrounding infrastructure. If you can setup your projects in this way it should be quite easy to move from running in AWS Lambda to running in Fargate on ECS to running straight is some VM. The Kabob Store I present here is a full stack solution that includes a ReactJS front end. It’s not using all the latest front end tech - more a plain React Single Page App (SPA). I am more of a backend developer but did teach myself ReactJS a number of years ago and have built a few front end apps when needed. Kabob Store Architecture The Kabob Store uses containers on ECS Fargate rather than Lambda functions. This deserves explanation since I typically default to Lambda for serverless compute. ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ │ React │────▶│ ALB │────▶│ FastAPI │ │ Frontend │ │ (Route) │ │ Backend │ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ │ │ └──────── ECS Fargate ──────────────────┤ │ ┌──────▼──────┐ │Aurora DSQL │ │(Multi-Region)│ └─────────────┘ Why Containers Instead of Lambda? For this project, containers provide flexibility. The FastAPI application runs in a container that could deploy to multiple runtimes: The business logic doesn't care about the runtime. With minimal adapter code, the same application can deploy across all these platforms. This matters because project requirements change: Development/staging: Fargate's simplicity wins (no servers to manage) Production at scale: ECS on EC2 becomes more cost-effective (Fargate pricing is roughly 20-30% higher than equivalent EC2) Lambda: Works well for this workload, but has 15-minute timeout limits and specific deployment constraints For the Kabob Store, I chose Fargate for operational simplicity during development. If traffic scales significantly, migrating to ECS on EC2 workers requires no code changes. Just Terraform adjustments to swap Fargate launch type for EC2 launch type and add an Auto Scaling Group. The principle: write business logic that's portable across runtimes. Choose the runtime based on current requirements, not because the code is locked into it. Backend: FastAPI Without the ORM The backend uses FastAPI with direct psycopg2 queries instead of an ORM. This keeps the business logic focused and portable. In the future I will move to using an ORM but for now I just wanted to keep it simple. # Direct psycopg2 with parameterized queries cursor . execute ( """ INSERT INTO orders (id, customer_name, customer_email, items, total_amount) VALUES (%s::UUID, %s, %s, %s::JSONB, %s) RETURNING * """ , ( order_id , name , email , items_json , total )) result = cursor . fetchone () conn . commit () Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This code is runtime-agnostic. It works in: A Fargate container (current deployment) A Lambda function using container images An EC2-based ECS service A Kubernetes pod in EKS The application doesn't use Fargate-specific features or Lambda-specific event handlers. The container listens on a port and handles HTTP requests. Where it runs is an infrastructure decision, not a code decision. The Security Layer Cake With great power comes great responsibility. An e-commerce platform needs good security, so I implemented some basic best practices but it’s just a start with much more to be done. As I evolve this project I will add more. For now we’re using Pydantic input validation. Layer 1: Pydantic Validation with Custom Validators class OrderCreate(BaseModel): customer_name: str = Field(..., min_length=2, max_length=100) customer_email: EmailStr # Pydantic's built-in email validation items: List[OrderItemCreate] @validator('customer_email') def validate_email_not_disposable(cls, v): disposable_domains = ['tempmail.com', 'throwaway.email', '10minutemail.com'] domain = v.split('@')[1].lower() if domain in disposable_domains: raise ValueError('Disposable email addresses are not allowed') return v @validator('customer_name') def validate_name(cls, v): if not re.match(r"^[a-zA-Z\s\-']+$", v): raise ValueError('Name contains invalid characters') return v Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Layer 2: Client-Side Validation The frontend validates inputs before submission, providing immediate user feedback: // Name validation - letters, spaces, hyphens, apostrophes only if (!/^[a-zA-Z\s\-']+$/.test(customerData.name)) { errors.name = 'Name can only contain letters, spaces, hyphens, and apostrophes'; } // Email validation with TLD requirement const emailRegex = /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/; if (!emailRegex.test(customerData.email)) { errors.email = 'Please enter a valid email address'; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Layer 3: Request Middleware @app.middleware("http") async def validate_request(request: Request, call_next): suspicious_patterns = [ '../', # Path traversal '<script', # XSS attempts 'DROP TABLE', # SQL injection '\x00', # Null byte injection ] path = str(request.url) for pattern in suspicious_patterns: if pattern.lower() in path.lower(): return JSONResponse(status_code=400, content={"detail": "Invalid request"}) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Layer 4: Parameterized Queries All SQL queries use parameterization to prevent SQL injection: # Never do this (even with validation) query = f"INSERT INTO orders VALUES ('{order_id}', '{name}'...)" # Always do this cursor.execute( "INSERT INTO orders VALUES (%s::UUID, %s, %s, %s, %s)", (order_id, name, email, items_json, total) ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Infrastructure as Code (With Terraform) I am a very big proponent of using Infrastructure as Code (IaC) and my go-to tool for this is Terraform. Setting up all your resources in Terraform stacks makes it super easy to setup (and tear down) everything wherever you need. AWS services have very good Terraform support and even things like setting up multi-region DSQL clusters can be done via Terraform. Here I’m using the official terraform-aws-modules/rds-aurora DSQL module. The entire infrastructure is defined in Terraform, making it reproducible and version able. module "dsql_primary" { source = "terraform-aws-modules/rds-aurora/aws//modules/dsql" version = "~> 9.0" deletion_protection_enabled = false witness_region = "us-west-2" create_cluster_peering = true clusters = [module.dsql_secondary.arn] tags = { Name = "${var.project_name}-dsql-primary" Environment = var.environment } } module "dsql_secondary" { source = "terraform-aws-modules/rds-aurora/aws//modules/dsql" version = "~> 9.0" providers = { aws = aws.secondary # us-east-2 } deletion_protection_enabled = false witness_region = "us-west-2" create_cluster_peering = true clusters = [module.dsql_primary.arn] tags = { Name = "${var.project_name}-dsql-secondary" Environment = var.environment } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The dsql module handles cluster peering automatically, creating a multi-region DSQL setup with strong consistency across regions. One terraform apply creates multi-region DSQL clusters (primary in us-east-1, secondary in us-east-2, witness in us-west-2). My current store implementation involves setting up a VPC, Subnets, and all the other infrastructure needed to run the Elastic Container Service. The app stack is not running in multiple AWS regions though so it doesn’t really take advantage of the DSQL database being multi-region. In future versions I will implement true multi-region support for everything with duplicate application stacks in each region and Route53 failover routing. Multi-Region DSQL Configuration (Not Really Utilized Yet) The infrastructure creates DSQL clusters in multiple US regions (us-east-1 primary, us-east-2 secondary) with us-west-2 configured as the witness region using the official Terraform module. This provides data replication and disaster recovery capabilities within the US. Note that the witness region is just a configuration setting for maintaining quorum - there's no actual DSQL cluster in us-west-2, only in us-east-1 and us-east-2. However, the current application always connects to the primary cluster in us-east-1, regardless of where the user is located. Aurora DSQL's multi-region setup is conceptually similar to DynamoDB Global Tables - both replicate data across multiple AWS regions with strong consistency and automatic failover. The key difference: DSQL gives you SQL with PostgreSQL compatibility, while Global Tables use DynamoDB's NoSQL model. Important limitation: DSQL multi-region clusters are currently restricted to geographic groupings. You can link clusters within the US (us-east-1, us-east-2, us-west-2), within Europe (eu-west-1, eu-west-2, eu-west-3), or within Asia Pacific (ap-northeast-1, ap-northeast-2, ap-northeast-3), but not across continents. For true global data synchronization across continents, DynamoDB Global Tables remains the better choice. Aurora DSQL's multi-region feature shines when you have a multi-region application within the same geographic area that can route users to their nearest cluster. In that scenario, East Coast US users could connect to us-east-1 while West Coast users connect to us-west-2, both accessing the same strongly consistent data with lower latency. The witness region maintains quorum for strong consistency. For this initial demo application with a single-region deployment (all ECS tasks in us-east-1), the multi-region clusters provide excellent data protection and fast disaster recovery within the US, but we're not leveraging the performance benefits of local reads. A future version could deploy the application stack in multiple US regions with Route53 routing users to their nearest endpoint, fully utilizing DSQL's regional multi-region capabilities. What's Next? The Kabob Store is just the beginning. Here's what's on the roadmap: Authentication: Adding AWS Cognito for user accounts and login Observability: I plan to implement full OpenTelemetry observability for the platform. Store Dashboard: Real-time order management interface for store staff with Server-Sent Events or Websockets for instant order notifications Payments: Integrating Stripe for actual transactions AI Ordering Agent: Conversational ordering interface using Amazon Bedrock AgentCore and Strands framework Analytics: Building a QuickSight dashboard for business metrics Prerequisites If you’re going to setup the Kabob store demo code for yourself you will need the following: AWS Account with admin permissions Terraform >= 1.5.0 Docker for container builds AWS CLI configured ~$2-3/day budget for testing Try It Yourself The entire project is open source. You can deploy your own Kabob Store: # Clone the repo git clone https://github.com/RDarrylR/kabob-store # Deploy infrastructure cd infrastructure terraform init terraform apply # Build and push container images to ECR # Then update ECS services to deploy # See README.md for detailed deployment steps # Visit your ALB URL and start ordering kabobs! Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Conclusion Aurora DSQL offers most of what I've been looking for: SQL with DynamoDB-like operational characteristics. It provisions in seconds, scales automatically, and bills only for usage. For the first time, I can choose SQL for a new project without accepting always-on infrastructure costs or extended provisioning times. The container-based approach provides similar flexibility. The same application code can run on Lambda, Fargate, ECS on EC2, or EKS. I can choose whichever runtime fits the current requirements and cost profile. During development, Fargate eliminates server management. At scale, ECS on EC2 reduces costs. If requirements change, the code doesn't need to. The Kabob Store demonstrates a straightforward architecture: runtime-portable business logic, parameterized SQL queries, explicit transaction boundaries, multi-layer validation, and scoped IAM permissions. The entire stack deploys with terraform apply and produces a multi-region e-commerce platform with data redundancy across US regions. When requirements change (more traffic, different cost targets, specific compliance needs), the code can move to different infrastructure without rewriting the business logic. For my projects, the decision tree has expanded. As a solution architect I always want to have as many tools to choose from. DynamoDB remains the right choice when its data model fits naturally. Lambda remains the default for event-driven workloads. But when I need SQL with serverless economics, or containers that can move between runtimes, these are now viable options. The Kabob Store proves they work in practice. CLEANUP (IMPORTANT!!) If you do end up deploying the Kabob Store yourself please understand some of the included resources will cost you real money. For a short period of time it won’t be much but running the VPC and NAT Gateway will incur you daily charges. Please don’t forget about it. Please MAKE SURE TO DELETE the stack if you are no longer using it. Running terraform destroy can take care of this or you can delete the server in the AWS console. Try the setup in your AWS account You can clone the Github Repo and try this out in your own AWS account. The README.md file mentions any changes you need to make for it to work in your AWS account. Please let me know if you have any suggestions or problems trying out this example project. For more articles from me please visit my blog at Darryl's World of Cloud or find me on Bluesky , X , LinkedIn , Medium , Dev.to , or the AWS Community . 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https://dev.to/t/architecture/page/72 | Architecture Page 72 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Architecture Follow Hide The fundamental structures of a software system. Create Post Older #architecture posts 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu 🛡️ JWT Industry Conventions: Best Practices and Standards for Secure Token Design Safal Bhandari Safal Bhandari Safal Bhandari Follow Oct 30 '25 🛡️ JWT Industry Conventions: Best Practices and Standards for Secure Token Design # security # backend # webdev # architecture Comments Add Comment 3 min read From Monolith to Microservices without changing one line of code, thanks to the power of Inversion of Control (IoC) Remo H. Jansen Remo H. Jansen Remo H. Jansen Follow Dec 1 '25 From Monolith to Microservices without changing one line of code, thanks to the power of Inversion of Control (IoC) # architecture # microservices # typescript # node 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read The Agent Factory podcast: 5 Episodes to Kickstart Your Journey to Production AI Shir Meir Lador Shir Meir Lador Shir Meir Lador Follow for Google AI Nov 25 '25 The Agent Factory podcast: 5 Episodes to Kickstart Your Journey to Production AI # agents # architecture # beginners # ai 49 reactions Comments 3 comments 3 min read Decoupling Firebase Push Notification Logic with BullMQ - From Synchronous Chaos to Asynchronous Elegance Sangwoo Lee Sangwoo Lee Sangwoo Lee Follow Nov 10 '25 Decoupling Firebase Push Notification Logic with BullMQ - From Synchronous Chaos to Asynchronous Elegance # nestjs # bullmq # firebase # architecture 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read Top Trends in Enterprise AI Development You Need to Know Nithya Iyer Nithya Iyer Nithya Iyer Follow Oct 31 '25 Top Trends in Enterprise AI Development You Need to Know # ai # architecture # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 8 min read A Practical Guide to Distributed Tracing for AI Agents Kuldeep Paul Kuldeep Paul Kuldeep Paul Follow Oct 29 '25 A Practical Guide to Distributed Tracing for AI Agents # agents # architecture # monitoring Comments Add Comment 8 min read Modular Monoliths on AWS: Simplicity, Structure, and Scalability Gabrielle Eduarda Gabrielle Eduarda Gabrielle Eduarda Follow Nov 2 '25 Modular Monoliths on AWS: Simplicity, Structure, and Scalability # microservices # devops # architecture # aws 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building a Secure DAL: Composable Multi-Tenancy Filtering with C# and Linq2Db GigAHerZ GigAHerZ GigAHerZ Follow Nov 13 '25 Building a Secure DAL: Composable Multi-Tenancy Filtering with C# and Linq2Db # csharp # dotnet # security # architecture 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Data Cataloguing in AWS Oteng Isaac Oteng Isaac Oteng Isaac Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 3 '25 Data Cataloguing in AWS # aws # dataengineering # tutorial # architecture Comments Add Comment 5 min read Quick Recap: Design Patterns in Java (Real Examples) shantanu mahakale shantanu mahakale shantanu mahakale Follow Nov 21 '25 Quick Recap: Design Patterns in Java (Real Examples) # architecture # programming # tutorial # java 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🏗️ Component-Driven Development: 2025 Edition Taha Majlesi Pour Taha Majlesi Pour Taha Majlesi Pour Follow Nov 21 '25 🏗️ Component-Driven Development: 2025 Edition # architecture # frontend # ui Comments 1 comment 2 min read How AI-First Architecture Made Me 3x Faster: The Design Decisions That Changed Everything Ben Dechrai Ben Dechrai Ben Dechrai Follow Nov 19 '25 How AI-First Architecture Made Me 3x Faster: The Design Decisions That Changed Everything # ai # architecture # programming # react Comments Add Comment 9 min read AI Agents vs Agentic AI : Difference Behind the Next Wave of Autonomous Intelligence Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Follow Dec 3 '25 AI Agents vs Agentic AI : Difference Behind the Next Wave of Autonomous Intelligence # agents # llm # ai # architecture 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 3 min read Abordagem Vertical Slice (VSA) em MediatR Yuri Peixinho Yuri Peixinho Yuri Peixinho Follow Oct 29 '25 Abordagem Vertical Slice (VSA) em MediatR # architecture # csharp # dotnet Comments Add Comment 2 min read NestJS Dependency Injection: Why Your Services Won't Inject (And How to Fix It Properly) Adam - The Developer Adam - The Developer Adam - The Developer Follow Dec 1 '25 NestJS Dependency Injection: Why Your Services Won't Inject (And How to Fix It Properly) # typescript # webdev # programming # architecture 15 reactions Comments Add Comment 16 min read Frontend System Design: How do you structure Redux for a 200+ screen enterprise application? ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Dec 2 '25 Frontend System Design: How do you structure Redux for a 200+ screen enterprise application? # architecture # javascript # react 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Descomplicando Simple Factory Method Yuri Peixinho Yuri Peixinho Yuri Peixinho Follow Oct 29 '25 Descomplicando Simple Factory Method # architecture # beginners # designpatterns Comments Add Comment 2 min read Architecture Decisions When You’re Asked to Build a Crypto Exchange Kajol Shah Kajol Shah Kajol Shah Follow Dec 2 '25 Architecture Decisions When You’re Asked to Build a Crypto Exchange # cryptocurrency # architecture # backend # fintech 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read A Hands-On Guide to Building the Speed Layer of the Lambda Architecture RisingWave Labs RisingWave Labs RisingWave Labs Follow Oct 29 '25 A Hands-On Guide to Building the Speed Layer of the Lambda Architecture # beginners # architecture # python # datascience 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Keycloak, WebSockets & Symfony: Solving Real-Time Auth Without Sacrificing Performance Matt Mochalkin Matt Mochalkin Matt Mochalkin Follow Nov 11 '25 Keycloak, WebSockets & Symfony: Solving Real-Time Auth Without Sacrificing Performance # symfony # php # security # architecture 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 16 min read Integrating HL7 and FHIR Standards in Pharmacy Software Development Lucas Wade Lucas Wade Lucas Wade Follow Oct 29 '25 Integrating HL7 and FHIR Standards in Pharmacy Software Development # data # api # architecture # softwaredevelopment 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Building LLM Tools That Don't Drown in Context: Lazy Traversal for Unknown Structures Johnny Johnny Johnny Follow Dec 3 '25 Building LLM Tools That Don't Drown in Context: Lazy Traversal for Unknown Structures # algorithms # llm # architecture # performance Comments Add Comment 16 min read Building Autonomous AI Agents in C#: Tips from Real-World Applications Matěj Štágl Matěj Štágl Matěj Štágl Follow Oct 28 '25 Building Autonomous AI Agents in C#: Tips from Real-World Applications # agents # architecture # ai # csharp Comments Add Comment 8 min read The Hidden Costs of Common AI SDKs in 2025: What Developers Need to Know Matěj Štágl Matěj Štágl Matěj Štágl Follow Oct 28 '25 The Hidden Costs of Common AI SDKs in 2025: What Developers Need to Know # ai # architecture # cloudcomputing Comments Add Comment 10 min read Why I Chose Turborepo Over Nx: Monorepo Performance Without the Complexity Saswata Pal Saswata Pal Saswata Pal Follow Dec 1 '25 Why I Chose Turborepo Over Nx: Monorepo Performance Without the Complexity # turborepo # nx # monorepo # architecture 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 9 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/sivarampg/cowork-claude-code-for-the-rest-of-your-work-3hjp#the-10-most-important-themes-from-lennys-podcast | Cowork: Claude Code for the Rest of Your Work - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Sivaram Posted on Jan 13 Cowork: Claude Code for the Rest of Your Work # ai # software # productivity # tooling Anthropic just dropped something interesting, and it's not just another AI chatbot. It's called Cowork , and it might represent where AI agents are heading next. What is Cowork? Cowork is essentially "Claude Code for the rest of your work" — a general-purpose AI agent that can work with files on your computer without requiring you to write a single line of code. Think of it this way: Claude Code was built for developers to automate coding tasks. But Anthropic noticed something interesting — developers were using it for everything else: vacation research, building slide decks, cleaning up email, cancelling subscriptions, recovering wedding photos from hard drives, monitoring plant growth, and even controlling ovens. So they stripped away the terminal interface and built Cowork — a visual, approachable version that anyone can use. How It Works The workflow is refreshingly simple: Grant folder access — You give Claude access to a specific folder on your computer Describe what you need — Tell Claude what you want in plain language Let it work — Claude makes a plan, executes steps in parallel, and keeps you updated on progress Get results — Claude reads, edits, or creates files as needed Example Use Cases Here's what you can do with Cowork: Reorganize your downloads folder — Sort and rename files intelligently Create expense reports — Turn a pile of receipt screenshots into a structured spreadsheet Draft reports — Synthesize scattered notes into a coherent first draft File organization — Clean up your desktop or organize documents by project Real-World Performance: 320 Podcast Transcripts in 15 Minutes Lenny Rachitsky put Cowork to the test with a substantial task — analyzing 320 podcast transcripts to extract key insights. Here's what happened: The Task: "Go through every Lenny's Podcast episode and pull out the 10 most important themes and lessons for product builders. Then give me the 10 most counterintuitive truths." The Setup: Lenny gave Claude access to a folder containing 320 podcast transcripts. The Result: 15 minutes later, Claude delivered: The 10 Most Important Themes from Lenny's Podcast Activation Is Everything — Slack's "2,000 messages" moment, Gamma's 30-second magic. Get users to value fast. Storytelling as a Superpower — Compelling narratives align organizations better than documents. Positioning Is Strategy, Not Marketing — April Dunford's 5-step framework that starts with competitive alternatives, not messaging. Product Discovery Before Delivery — Teresa Torres' Opportunity Solution Trees and Marty Cagan's Four Risks framework. Talk to customers weekly, not quarterly. Ruthless Prioritization — Shreyas Doshi's LNO Framework (Leverage/Neutral/Overhead) and focusing on opportunity cost over ROI. AI is Transforming Product Development — Model maximalism, evals as core PM skill, CEOs becoming ICs again. Empowered Teams vs. Feature Factories — Marty Cagan's distinction: give teams problems to solve, not features to build. Build Your Operating System — Claire Hughes Johnson's framework for founding documents, operating cadence, and decision frameworks. Pre-Mortems and Risk Anticipation — Shreyas Doshi's technique to surface failure modes before they happen. Small Teams, Outsized Impact — Jason Fried's 2-person/6-week constraints, Shopify's pair programming culture. The 10 Most Counterintuitive Truths Fear Gives Bad Advice — Do the Opposite — Whatever you're afraid to do (hard conversation, telling board bad news) is exactly what you should do. Adding Friction Can INCREASE Conversion — Adding personalization questions to signup improved Amplitude's conversion by 5%. Fewer Features = More Value — The Walkman succeeded because Sony REMOVED recording. QuickBooks wins with half the features at double the price. Adding People Makes You Slower (Absolutely) — Companies produce MORE total output after layoffs. Coordination overhead is silent killer. What Customers Say They Want Is Meaningless — 93% said they wanted energy-efficient homes. Nobody bought them. "Bitchin' ain't switchin'." Goals Are Not Strategy — They're Opposite — Richard Rumelt says confusing goals for strategy is most common strategic error. OKRs are often just wish lists. Don't A/B Test Your Big Bets — Instagram and Airbnb actively reject testing for transformational changes. You can't A/B test your way to greatness. Your Gut IS Data — Intuition is compressed experiential learning that isn't statistically significant yet. Don't discount it. By the Time You're Thinking About Quitting, It's Too Late — Stewart Butterfield killed Glitch while it was still growing 6-7% weekly. That's why he could start Slack. Most PMs Are Overpaid and Unnecessary — Marty Cagan himself says feature teams don't need PMs. Nikita Bier calls PM "not real." Lenny's verdict: "This is a substantial task - 320 podcast transcripts to analyze!" That's impressive — processing 320 transcripts and synthesizing them into actionable insights in just 15 minutes. The Mind-Blowing Part Here's the detail that's getting attention: Cowork was reportedly built in about a week and a half, and much of it was written by Claude Code itself. That's right — Anthropic's AI coding agent helped build its own non-technical sibling product. It's a recursive improvement loop happening in real-time, and it shows how AI tools can accelerate their own development. Integration with Your Existing Tools Cowork doesn't work in isolation. It integrates with: Connectors — Link Claude to tools like Asana, Notion, Canva, Linear, and more Skills — Specialized capabilities for working with Excel, presentations, or following brand guidelines Chrome extension — Complete tasks that require browser access This means Claude can pull real data from your project management tools, generate documents in your preferred formats, and maintain context across your entire workflow. Safety First Anthropic is being upfront about the risks: Controlled access — Claude can only access files you explicitly grant it access to Confirmation prompts — Claude asks before taking significant actions Clear instructions matter — Vague prompts could lead to unintended actions (like deleting files) Prompt injection risks — Like all AI agents, there are concerns about malicious content trying to hijack the agent They recommend starting with non-sensitive files while you learn how it works. Availability Right now, Cowork is available as a research preview for: Claude Max subscribers ($100-$200/month) on macOS Waitlist available for users on other plans Windows support and broader availability are coming later. What This Means for the Future Cowork represents an interesting shift in AI — moving from chatbots that just talk to you, toward agents that can actually do things for you. It's not about replacing developers or knowledge workers; it's about giving them an AI collaborator that can handle the repetitive, time-consuming tasks that get in the way of real work. The fact that Claude Code helped build Cowork shows how AI tools can compound each other's capabilities. We're seeing the beginning of AI systems that can build, improve, and extend themselves. If you're on Claude Max with a Mac, you can try Cowork today by clicking "Cowork" in the Claude Desktop sidebar. Everyone else can join the waitlist and see what the future of AI-assisted work looks like. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Sivaram Follow Full Stack Engineer. Consultant. Designing & Developing Blockchain & AI E2E Solutions. De-risking Ambiguity. OSS Location India Joined Oct 5, 2023 More from Sivaram Building Reliable RAG Systems # rag # architecture # tutorial # ai The Ralph Wiggum Approach: Running AI Coding Agents for Hours (Not Minutes) # webdev # productivity # ai # agents How the Creator of Claude Code Uses Claude Code: A Complete Breakdown # ai # webdev # programming # productivity 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://github.com/chefgs | chefgs (Saravanan G) · GitHub Skip to content Navigation Menu Toggle navigation Sign in Appearance settings Platform AI CODE CREATION GitHub Copilot Write better code with AI GitHub Spark Build and deploy intelligent apps GitHub Models Manage and compare prompts MCP Registry New Integrate external tools DEVELOPER WORKFLOWS Actions Automate any workflow Codespaces Instant dev environments Issues Plan and track work Code Review Manage code changes APPLICATION SECURITY GitHub Advanced Security Find and fix vulnerabilities Code security Secure your code as you build Secret protection Stop leaks before they start EXPLORE Why GitHub Documentation Blog Changelog Marketplace View all features Solutions BY COMPANY SIZE Enterprises Small and medium teams Startups Nonprofits BY USE CASE App Modernization DevSecOps DevOps CI/CD View all use cases BY INDUSTRY Healthcare Financial services Manufacturing Government View all industries View all solutions Resources EXPLORE BY TOPIC AI Software Development DevOps Security View all topics EXPLORE BY TYPE Customer stories Events & webinars Ebooks & reports Business insights GitHub Skills SUPPORT & SERVICES Documentation Customer support Community forum Trust center Partners Open Source COMMUNITY GitHub Sponsors Fund open source developers PROGRAMS Security Lab Maintainer Community Accelerator Archive Program REPOSITORIES Topics Trending Collections Enterprise ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS Enterprise platform AI-powered developer platform AVAILABLE ADD-ONS GitHub Advanced Security Enterprise-grade security features Copilot for Business Enterprise-grade AI features Premium Support Enterprise-grade 24/7 support Pricing Search or jump to... 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Dismiss alert {{ message }} chefgs Follow Overview Repositories 100 Projects 0 Packages 0 Stars 236 Sponsoring 0 More Overview Repositories Projects Packages Stars Sponsoring chefgs Follow 💻 Building Products Saravanan G chefgs 💻 Building Products Follow Founder @cloudengine-labs 85 followers · 40 following Self Employed India https://gsaravanan.dev X @saransid LinkedIn in/saravanan-gnanaguru https://cloudenginelabs.io Achievements x2 x2 Achievements x2 x2 Highlights Developer Program Member Organizations Block or Report Block or report chefgs --> Block user Prevent this user from interacting with your repositories and sending you notifications. Learn more about blocking users . You must be logged in to block users. Add an optional note Maximum 250 characters. Please don't include any personal information such as legal names or email addresses. Markdown supported. This note will be visible to only you. Block user Report abuse Contact GitHub support about this user’s behavior. Learn more about reporting abuse . Report abuse Overview Repositories 100 Projects 0 Packages 0 Stars 236 Sponsoring 0 More Overview Repositories Projects Packages Stars Sponsoring chefgs / README .md Hello Everyone, 👋 I'm Saravanan!! Founder of CloudEngine Labs - A Technology Startup Company based out of India 💻 Polyglot Programmer, Technology blogger, DevOps Evangelist, Cloud Automation Specialist and DevOps Architect 💬 Focusing on... Automation using Infra as Code (Docker, Chef, Ansible, Terraform, Kubernetes, AWS Cloudformation, Azure Resource Manager) E2E Pipeline setup using, Jenkins, GitHub Actions and Azure Pipeline Google Assistant Actions Development Alexa Skills Development DevOps and Automated self-healing systems 📫 Checkout the footprint on Public and Community Profiles to reach me... LinkedIn DEV Community Stack Overflow 📫 g.gsaravanan@gmail.com 🌏 Checkout the portfolio website gsaravanan.dev for my work & contribution details.. 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https://dev.to/tmorin/the-3-questions-that-make-or-break-your-architecture-effort-1apm | 🎯 The 3 Questions That Make or Break Your Architecture Effort - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Thibault Morin Posted on Jul 18, 2025 🎯 The 3 Questions That Make or Break Your Architecture Effort # architecture # learning # productivity # agile Quick Technical Architecture Method - QTAM (Videos) (3 Part Series) 1 📄 Architecture That Delivers Real Value — Not Just Diagrams 2 🎯 The 3 Questions That Make or Break Your Architecture Effort 3 🧠 Why Architecture Diagrams Aren’t Enough – and What to Do Instead Most architecture efforts fail before a single diagram is drawn — and I’ve made that mistake myself. In this video, I break down the three foundational questions you must ask before diving into any technical design. Whether you're working on system architecture, solution design, or just scoping a feature, skipping these will cost you time, clarity, and stakeholder buy-in. ✅ Learn: Why architecture efforts often start too technical, too early The 3 simple questions that drive real alignment A real-world mistake that taught me this the hard way How the Quick Technical Architecture Method (QTAM) and Architecture Work Canvas can keep your efforts grounded in value and clarity If your architecture work struggles to get traction with product owners, business stakeholders, or even fellow engineers — this is for you. 👉 Get the free starter kit at https://qtam.morin.io 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and drop a comment: What questions do YOU ask before designing architecture? Quick Technical Architecture Method - QTAM (Videos) (3 Part Series) 1 📄 Architecture That Delivers Real Value — Not Just Diagrams 2 🎯 The 3 Questions That Make or Break Your Architecture Effort 3 🧠 Why Architecture Diagrams Aren’t Enough – and What to Do Instead Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Thibault Morin Follow Location Switzerland Joined Dec 10, 2021 More from Thibault Morin 💥 Myth #16: Technical constraints are decided later # architecture # productivity # learning # agile 💥 Myth #15: Internal priorities are all that matter # architecture # productivity # learning # agile 💥 Myth #14: Architecture work must follow a fixed, waterfall-like sequence # architecture # productivity # learning # agile 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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http://pypi.org | PyPI · The Python Package Index Skip to main content Switch to mobile version Warning You are using an unsupported browser, upgrade to a newer version. Warning Some features may not work without JavaScript. Please try enabling it if you encounter problems. Help Docs Sponsors Log in Register Menu Help Docs Sponsors Log in Register Find, install and publish Python packages with the Python Package Index Search PyPI search-focus#focusSearchField" data-search-focus-target="searchField"> Search Or browse projects 724,176 projects 7,891,429 releases 16,784,376 files 996,737 users The Python Package Index (PyPI) is a repository of software for the Python programming language. PyPI helps you find and install software developed and shared by the Python community. Learn about installing packages . Package authors use PyPI to distribute their software. Learn how to package your Python code for PyPI . Help Installing packages Uploading packages User guide Project name retention FAQs About PyPI PyPI Blog Infrastructure dashboard Statistics Logos & trademarks Our sponsors Contributing to PyPI Bugs and feedback Contribute on GitHub Translate PyPI Sponsor PyPI Development credits Using PyPI Terms of Service Report security issue Code of conduct Privacy Notice Acceptable Use Policy Status: all systems operational Developed and maintained by the Python community, for the Python community. Donate today! "PyPI", "Python Package Index", and the blocks logos are registered trademarks of the Python Software Foundation . © 2026 Python Software Foundation Site map Switch to desktop version English español français 日本語 português (Brasil) українська Ελληνικά Deutsch 中文 (简体) 中文 (繁體) русский עברית Esperanto 한국어 Supported by AWS Cloud computing and Security Sponsor Datadog Monitoring Depot Continuous Integration Fastly CDN Google Download Analytics Pingdom Monitoring Sentry Error logging StatusPage Status page | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://github.com/vuejs/vue | GitHub - vuejs/vue: This is the repo for Vue 2. For Vue 3, go to https://github.com/vuejs/core Skip to content Navigation Menu Toggle navigation Sign in Appearance settings Platform AI CODE CREATION GitHub Copilot Write better code with AI GitHub Spark Build and deploy intelligent apps GitHub Models Manage and compare prompts MCP Registry New Integrate external tools DEVELOPER WORKFLOWS Actions Automate any workflow Codespaces Instant dev environments Issues Plan and track work Code Review Manage code changes APPLICATION SECURITY GitHub Advanced Security Find and fix vulnerabilities Code security Secure your code as you build Secret protection Stop leaks before they start EXPLORE Why GitHub Documentation Blog Changelog Marketplace View all features Solutions BY COMPANY SIZE Enterprises Small and medium teams Startups Nonprofits BY USE CASE App Modernization DevSecOps DevOps CI/CD View all use cases BY INDUSTRY Healthcare Financial services Manufacturing Government View all industries View all solutions Resources EXPLORE BY TOPIC AI Software Development DevOps Security View all topics EXPLORE BY TYPE Customer stories Events & webinars Ebooks & reports Business insights GitHub Skills SUPPORT & SERVICES Documentation Customer support Community forum Trust center Partners Open Source COMMUNITY GitHub Sponsors Fund open source developers PROGRAMS Security Lab Maintainer Community Accelerator Archive Program REPOSITORIES Topics Trending Collections Enterprise ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS Enterprise platform AI-powered developer platform AVAILABLE ADD-ONS GitHub Advanced Security Enterprise-grade security features Copilot for Business Enterprise-grade AI features Premium Support Enterprise-grade 24/7 support Pricing Search or jump to... Search code, repositories, users, issues, pull requests... --> Search Clear Search syntax tips Provide feedback --> We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously. Include my email address so I can be contacted Cancel Submit feedback Saved searches Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly --> Name Query To see all available qualifiers, see our documentation . Cancel Create saved search Sign in Sign up Appearance settings Resetting focus You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You switched accounts on another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. Dismiss alert {{ message }} vuejs / vue Public Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Notifications You must be signed in to change notification settings Fork 33.9k Star 210k This is the repo for Vue 2. For Vue 3, go to https://github.com/vuejs/core v2.vuejs.org License MIT license 210k stars 33.9k forks Branches Tags Activity Star Notifications You must be signed in to change notification settings Code Issues 356 Pull requests 260 Discussions Actions Projects 0 Wiki Security Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Insights Additional navigation options Code Issues Pull requests Discussions Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights vuejs/vue main Branches Tags Go to file Code Open more actions menu Folders and files Name Name Last commit message Last commit date Latest commit History 3,593 Commits .github .github benchmarks benchmarks compiler-sfc compiler-sfc dist dist examples examples packages packages scripts scripts src src test test types types .editorconfig .editorconfig .git-blame-ignore-revs .git-blame-ignore-revs .gitignore .gitignore .prettierrc .prettierrc BACKERS.md BACKERS.md CHANGELOG.md CHANGELOG.md LICENSE LICENSE README.md README.md api-extractor.json api-extractor.json api-extractor.tsconfig.json api-extractor.tsconfig.json package.json package.json pnpm-lock.yaml pnpm-lock.yaml pnpm-workspace.yaml pnpm-workspace.yaml tsconfig.json tsconfig.json vitest.config.ts vitest.config.ts View all files Repository files navigation README Code of conduct Contributing MIT license Vue 2 has reached End of Life You are looking at the now inactive repository for Vue 2. The actively maintained repository for the latest version of Vue is vuejs/core . Vue has reached End of Life on December 31st, 2023. It no longer receives new features, updates, or fixes. However, it is still available on all existing distribution channels (CDNs, package managers, Github, etc). If you are starting a new project, please start with the latest version of Vue (3.x). We also strongly recommend current Vue 2 users to upgrade ( guide ), but we also acknowledge that not all users have the bandwidth or incentive to do so. If you have to stay on Vue 2 but also have compliance or security requirements about unmaintained software, check out Vue 2 NES . Sponsors Vue.js is an MIT-licensed open source project with its ongoing development made possible entirely by the support of these awesome backers . If you'd like to join them, please consider sponsor Vue's development . Special Sponsor Introduction Vue (pronounced /vjuː/ , like view) is a progressive framework for building user interfaces. It is designed from the ground up to be incrementally adoptable, and can easily scale between a library and a framework depending on different use cases. It consists of an approachable core library that focuses on the view layer only, and an ecosystem of supporting libraries that helps you tackle complexity in large Single-Page Applications. Browser Compatibility Vue.js supports all browsers that are ES5-compliant (IE8 and below are not supported). Ecosystem Project Status Description vue-router Single-page application routing vuex Large-scale state management vue-cli Project scaffolding vue-loader Single File Component ( *.vue file) loader for webpack vue-server-renderer Server-side rendering support vue-class-component TypeScript decorator for a class-based API vue-rx RxJS integration vue-devtools Browser DevTools extension Documentation To check out live examples and docs, visit vuejs.org . Questions For questions and support please use the official forum or community chat . The issue list of this repo is exclusively for bug reports and feature requests. Issues Please make sure to read the Issue Reporting Checklist before opening an issue. Issues not conforming to the guidelines may be closed immediately. Changelog Detailed changes for each release are documented in the release notes . Stay In Touch Twitter Blog Job Board Contribution Please make sure to read the Contributing Guide before making a pull request. If you have a Vue-related project/component/tool, add it with a pull request to this curated list ! Thank you to all the people who already contributed to Vue! License MIT Copyright (c) 2013-present, Yuxi (Evan) You About This is the repo for Vue 2. For Vue 3, go to https://github.com/vuejs/core v2.vuejs.org Topics javascript framework vue frontend Resources Readme License MIT license Code of conduct Code of conduct Contributing Contributing Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Activity Custom properties Stars 210k stars Watchers 5.8k watching Forks 33.9k forks Report repository Releases 249 v2.7.16 "Swan Song" Latest Dec 24, 2023 + 248 releases Sponsor this project Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . patreon.com/ evanyou opencollective.com/ vuejs tidelift.com/funding/github/ npm/vue Learn more about GitHub Sponsors Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . 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https://docs.github.com/en/communities | Building communities documentation - GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Free, Pro, & Team Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar Building communities Home Building communities Healthy contributions Management & moderation Community profiles Access community profiles Add a code of conduct Contributor guidelines Add a license to a repo Add support resources Community health file Encourage contributions Issue & PR templates About templates Configure Syntax for issue forms Syntax for GitHub's form schema Create a PR template Common validation errors when creating issue forms Moderation Manage comments Locking conversations Limit interactions in repo Limit interactions in account Limit interactions in org Track comment changes Manage abuse in your org Manage reported content Maintaining safety Block from your account View blocked users in account Unblock from your account Block from your org View blocked users in org Unblock from your org Reporting abuse or spam Using wikis About wikis Manage wiki pages Create footer or sidebar Editing wiki content View a history of changes Change access permissions Disabling wikis Building communities documentation Learn best practices for moderating and setting up collaborative, safe, and effective communities using GitHub’s community-tested tools. Start here Setting guidelines for repository contributors You can create guidelines to communicate how people should contribute to your project. Adding a code of conduct to your project Adopt a code of conduct to define community standards, signal a welcoming and inclusive project, and outline procedures for handling abuse. Managing disruptive comments You can hide, edit, or delete comments on issues, pull requests, and commits. Popular Creating a pull request template for your repository When you add a pull request template to your repository, project contributors will automatically see the template's contents in the pull request body. Reporting abuse or spam You can report behavior and content that violates community guidelines and terms. Adding a license to a repository You can include an open source license in your repository to make it easier for other people to contribute. 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https://dev.to/rgbos/the-quiet-shift-why-my-browser-tab-now-stays-on-gemini-32pe#comments | The Quiet Shift: Why My Browser Tab Now Stays on Gemini - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Rashi Posted on Jan 12 The Quiet Shift: Why My Browser Tab Now Stays on Gemini # ai # productivity # chatgpt # gemini For the longest time, my digital life had a very specific rhythm. Whenever I hit a wall at work or needed a creative spark, my fingers would instinctively type "c-h-a-t" into the browser. ChatGPT was my first real introduction to the world of AI, and like many of us, I was hooked from day one. It felt like having a very smart, very fast friend who lived inside my laptop. But over the last few months, something has changed. I didn’t wake up one day and decide to switch; it was more like a slow, quiet migration. I started noticing that when I had a "real-world" problem to solve, I was reaching for Gemini instead. The transition really started with the frustration of the "copy-paste" dance. Like most people, my work lives in Google Docs and my communication lives in Gmail. I realized I was spending half my time acting as a middleman between my AI and my files. I would copy a long email thread, paste it into ChatGPT to summarize it, and then copy that summary back into a document. One day, I tried asking Gemini to do it directly. I typed a simple command asking it to find a specific project note in my Drive and draft a reply in my Gmail. When it actually did it—without me having to move a single piece of text myself—the friction I had grown used to suddenly vanished. Another reason for the shift is how Gemini handles the "messiness" of my life. I’m a visual learner, and I tend to take photos of things I don’t understand, like a weird error message on a dashboard or a confusing diagram in a textbook. While other models can see images, Gemini feels like it’s actually "looking" with me. It connects what it sees to the vast web of Google’s real-time information. If I show it a picture of a plant that’s dying in my office, it doesn’t just guess the species; it checks the local weather in my city and suggests a watering schedule based on the actual humidity outside my window. That level of real-world awareness makes it feel less like a chatbot and more like a personal assistant. Perhaps the biggest factor, though, is the feeling of trust. We’ve all had that moment where an AI tells us something that sounds perfectly true, only to find out later it was a total hallucination. Gemini has this "Double-Check" feature that has become my safety net. Being able to click a button and see exactly which parts of a response are backed up by Google Search results—and which parts might be a bit shaky—changed how I work. It turned the AI from a creative writer I had to second-guess into a research partner I could actually rely on for facts. I still have a lot of respect for ChatGPT, and I think it will always have a place for pure, imaginative writing. But as my day-to-day tasks become more complex and integrated with the web, I find myself needing a tool that lives where I live. Gemini doesn't feel like a separate destination I have to visit anymore; it feels like a natural extension of the way I already use the internet. It’s been a subtle change, but looking at my browser history today, the evidence is clear: the star icon is where I spend my time now. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Rashi Follow Software engineer specializing in scalable, user-focused applications. Skilled in full-stack development and cloud technologies, with a passion for elegant, efficient solutions. Joined Sep 13, 2025 More from Rashi The Danger of Letting AI Think for You # ai # discuss # productivity Beyond the Chatbot: The AI Tools Defining 2026 # agents # ai # llm The Next Shift in Development: From Coding to AI Orchestration # ai # career # softwaredevelopment 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://dev.to/scale_youtube/devoxx-hello-virtual-world-by-keren-kenzi-5hb9 | Devoxx: Hello (Virtual) World by Keren Kenzi - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Scale YouTube Posted on Oct 5, 2025 Devoxx: Hello (Virtual) World by Keren Kenzi # javascript Get ready to dive into VR with Keren Kenzi! In Hello (Virtual) World , you'll learn how to fuse HTML, JavaScript, and A-Frame to build a simple virtual reality game from scratch. Through a live demo, Keren guides you step by step—manipulating the DOM API, spawning 3D entities, and scripting interactions. By the end, you'll be primed to unleash your own creative VR adventures! Watch on YouTube Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Scale YouTube Follow Joined Aug 2, 2025 More from Scale YouTube NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland # javascript # architecture # cloud # azure NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland # javascript # architecture # azure # cloud NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland # javascript # architecture # azure # cloud 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
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https://github.com/setevoy2/rtfm | GitHub - setevoy2/rtfm: Code posted in my blog. See README for details. Skip to content Navigation Menu Toggle navigation Sign in Appearance settings Platform AI CODE CREATION GitHub Copilot Write better code with AI GitHub Spark Build and deploy intelligent apps GitHub Models Manage and compare prompts MCP Registry New Integrate external tools DEVELOPER WORKFLOWS Actions Automate any workflow Codespaces Instant dev environments Issues Plan and track work Code Review Manage code changes APPLICATION SECURITY GitHub Advanced Security Find and fix vulnerabilities Code security Secure your code as you build Secret protection Stop leaks before they start EXPLORE Why GitHub Documentation Blog Changelog Marketplace View all features Solutions BY COMPANY SIZE Enterprises Small and medium teams Startups Nonprofits BY USE CASE App Modernization DevSecOps DevOps CI/CD View all use cases BY INDUSTRY Healthcare Financial services Manufacturing Government View all industries View all solutions Resources EXPLORE BY TOPIC AI Software Development DevOps Security View all topics EXPLORE BY TYPE Customer stories Events & webinars Ebooks & reports Business insights GitHub Skills SUPPORT & SERVICES Documentation Customer support Community forum Trust center Partners Open Source COMMUNITY GitHub Sponsors Fund open source developers PROGRAMS Security Lab Maintainer Community Accelerator Archive Program REPOSITORIES Topics Trending Collections Enterprise ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS Enterprise platform AI-powered developer platform AVAILABLE ADD-ONS GitHub Advanced Security Enterprise-grade security features Copilot for Business Enterprise-grade AI features Premium Support Enterprise-grade 24/7 support Pricing Search or jump to... Search code, repositories, users, issues, pull requests... --> Search Clear Search syntax tips Provide feedback --> We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously. Include my email address so I can be contacted Cancel Submit feedback Saved searches Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly --> Name Query To see all available qualifiers, see our documentation . Cancel Create saved search Sign in Sign up Appearance settings Resetting focus You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You switched accounts on another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. Dismiss alert {{ message }} setevoy2 / rtfm Public Notifications You must be signed in to change notification settings Fork 9 Star 8 Code posted in my blog. See README for details. rtfm.co.ua/ 8 stars 9 forks Branches Tags Activity Star Notifications You must be signed in to change notification settings Code Issues 0 Pull requests 0 Actions Projects 0 Security Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Insights Additional navigation options Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Security Insights setevoy2/rtfm master Branches Tags Go to file Code Open more actions menu Folders and files Name Name Last commit message Last commit date Latest commit History 77 Commits 11959 11959 11990 11990 12121 12121 12276 12276 12615 12615 13491 13491 13800 13800 14044 14044 14371 14371 14657 14657 14827 14827 14851 14851 14994 14994 15203 15203 15304 15304 15740 15740 16449 16449 16484 16484 18254 18254 18763 18763 configs/ tint2 configs/ tint2 rtfm_stack_2017 rtfm_stack_2017 .gitignore .gitignore README.md README.md View all files Repository files navigation README 11959: Docker: Docker Swarm кластер в AWS step-by-step 11990: AWS: CloudFormation – создание шаблона для VPC, EC2, NAT и Internet Gateway 12121: Azure: ARM - ручное создание шаблона 12276: Azure: ARM-шаблон – добавить checkbox для Connection strings Slot Setting 12615: AWS: миграция RTFM, часть #3: CloudFormation - инфрастуктура 13800: Azure: ARM provisioning и Jenkins в Docker 13491: AWS: AWS CLI и bash - blue/green деплой AutoScale группы за ELB 14044: Azure: CDN, NodeJS, Docker Swarm и Blue-Green деплой 14371: C: libssh – пример SSH-клиента 14657: Viber history backup script 14827: Azure File Share/BlobStorage NGINX configs deploy 14851: NGINX socket check with AF_INET 14994: C: связанные списки 15203: AWS: CloudFormation для EC2 c Jenkins 15304: Bash script to backup all MySQL databases to AWS S3 15740: Prometheus monitored host Docker Compose example 16449: AWS: CloudFormation – пример создания S3 корзины, IAM пользователя, Glacier Lifecycle и SNS Notification 16484: What is: Linux namespaces, примеры на C – clone(), PID и NET namespaces About Code posted in my blog. See README for details. rtfm.co.ua/ Resources Readme Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Activity Stars 8 stars Watchers 4 watching Forks 9 forks Report repository Releases No releases published Packages 0 No packages published Contributors 2 Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Languages Shell 50.6% C 33.6% Python 15.8% Footer © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Footer navigation Terms Privacy Security Status Community Docs Contact Manage cookies Do not share my personal information You can’t perform that action at this time. | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
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Insights Additional navigation options Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Security Insights chefgs/golang master Branches Tags Go to file Code Open more actions menu Folders and files Name Name Last commit message Last commit date Latest commit History 103 Commits .github .github src src .gitignore .gitignore .travis.yml .travis.yml CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md CONTRIBUTING.md CONTRIBUTING.md LICENSE LICENSE README.md README.md _config.yml _config.yml azure-pipelines.yml azure-pipelines.yml docker-guide.txt docker-guide.txt View all files Repository files navigation README Code of conduct Contributing Apache-2.0 license Golang Examples Repo Contibution Guide If you're planning to contribute - Please read further, Read Contribution Guidelines before contributing to this repository! Make sure to add any new go code into src directory. Read GitHub Code Of Conduct guidelines before contributing to this repository! 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Golang setup and getting started Following instructions are verfied setup of Golang on Ubuntu 16.04 version Table of Contents Install Golang Setup Go development environment Verify the installation Go to src path and start development Bibliography Install Golang Get the OS specific installer from here Run the command as root user or sudo Extract go executable in /usr/local directory For Ubuntu 16.04 version cd /usr/local/ wget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.14.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz tar -xvzf go1.14.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz rm go1.14.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz or cd /tmp wget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.14.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz sudo tar -xvzf go1.14.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local Setup Go development environment Create directories for development mkdir -p $HOME/go/{bin,src,pkg} Where, bin - directory to hold the go source executables src - source directory in which all the source modules will be coded pkg - directory to hold the dependency import packages Add path to environment permanently by adding in profile export "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin" export "GOPATH=$HOME/go" export "GOBIN=$GOPATH/bin" Execute .profile file to make effect of Env variable updates source ~/.profile Verify the installation go help go env Go to src path and start development cd $HOME/go/src mkdir <new_go_module_name> Bibliography Install Go in Linux Golang Install Doc Set Go Env Variable About Repo for golang sample workouts Topics go golang rest hello-world restful-api hacktoberfest hacktoberfest-accepted Resources Readme License Apache-2.0 license Code of conduct Code of conduct Contributing Contributing Uh oh! 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https://golf.forem.com/privacy#3-how-we-use-your-information | Privacy Policy - Golf Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Golf Forem Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Golf Forem — A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Golf Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where hackers, sticks, weekend warriors, pros, architects and wannabes come together Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://dev.to/bekahhw/how-do-you-balance-showing-your-understanding-of-tech-with-showing-you-can-apply-your-skills-4c5n | How do you balance showing your understanding of tech with showing you can apply your skills? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse BekahHW Posted on Jul 25, 2024 How do you balance showing your understanding of tech with showing you can apply your skills? # opensource # career # discuss Where is the balance between engaging in conversations about tech and showing that you know how to do the job? How do you showcase both? Do you need to showcase both? If you want to hear more of my thoughts on how working in public in open source helps to build better developers, check out my latest post . Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse BekahHW Follow Hey! I'm Bekah. I'm a career-changer. Bootcamp grad. Dev. Writer. Keynote Speaker. Mom to 4 kids. Creator, Maintainer, Podcast co-host: VirtualCoffee.io | Sr. Developer Advocate. Location Ohio Work Community Builder. Developer. Writer. Joined Mar 4, 2020 More from BekahHW The Invisible Load: How AI Workflows Can Replace Your Team's 'Glue Person' # ai # career From Breathing Space to Building: Why I'm Joining Continue as Senior Developer Advocate # career # productivity # ai Taking Time to Breathe: A New Chapter Begins # community # career 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://golf.forem.com/privacy#2-personal-information-we-collect | Privacy Policy - Golf Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Golf Forem Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Golf Forem — A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Golf Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where hackers, sticks, weekend warriors, pros, architects and wannabes come together Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://dev.to/challenges/midnight-2025-08-20#main-content | Midnight Network "Privacy First" Challenge - DEV Challenge - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Challenges > Midnight Network "Privacy First" Challenge CHALLENGE RESULTS 🏆 Winners Announced! 🎊 Congrats to the Midnight Network "Privacy First" Challenge Winners! Read Announcement Challenge ends soon! Submit your entry now DAYS : HOURS : MINUTES : SECONDS See prompts Midnight Network "Privacy First" Challenge View Entries Please sign in to follow this challenge Build privacy-enhancing applications using zero-knowledge proofs! Challenge Status: Ended Ended Join our next Challenge We're excited to announce our newest challenge with Midnight Network ! Running through September 7 , the Midnight Network "Privacy First" Challenge invites you to build privacy-enhancing applications and developer tools using zero-knowledge proofs and Midnight's data-protection blockchain. There are two prompts for this challenge and one additional prize category, which means three chances to win! ✨ New to blockchain? Join us today (August 20) at 1pm ET for a livestream right on the DEV homepage with the Midnight Team to learn more about their technology and what you can build for the challenge! Don’t worry, we’ll also share the video down below if you miss the event. ✨ Whether you're a blockchain developer, privacy advocate, or curious about ZK technology, this challenge is the perfect opportunity to explore privacy-first development. As always, all participants with a valid submission will receive a completion badge! And did we mention there's a $5,000 prize pool for our three winners? We hope you give this challenge a try! Key Dates Contest start: August 20, 2025 Submissions due: September 07, 2025 Winners announced: September 18, 2025 Badge Rewards Midnight Challenge Completion Badge Midnight Challenge Winner Badge Find Out More Ask questions and share your ideas on the Midnight Network "Privacy First" Challenge Launch Post. View Launch Post Sponsored by Midnight Foundation The Midnight Foundation is an organization dedicated to growing the Midnight network — a fourth-generation blockchain built for secure, compliant, and private decentralised applications — and supporting the global community around it. We help developers, creators, and privacy advocates build tools that protect personal data, support digital freedom, and power the breakthrough generation of blockchain innovation. Our goal is to make Midnight's technology open and accessible to everyone. By breaking down barriers and encouraging collaboration, we're helping to build a more fair, decentralised internet — one that's trustless and respects individual privacy. Learn More → Challenge Prompts Protect That Data Build a decentralized application (DApp) that leverages ZK circuits to generate proofs for any entity or virtual transaction. Your DApp must integrate both smart contracts and a user interface, meaningfully incorporating Midnight's privacy capabilities as a core feature. Requirements: Use Midnight's Compact language and MidnightJS for zero-knowledge proofs Include a UI that showcases the privacy-preserving mechanism Focus on one specific functionality (ZK-powered game mechanics, confidential job boards, identity attestation tools, privacy-preserving chat/voting apps, etc.) Use only mocked transactions/tokens (no real-world value) Open-source under Apache 2.0 license How To Participate: Submit your project using the template link below. All submissions must include: Public GitHub repository with Apache 2.0 license Overview/explainer/tutorial of your project Documentation for running and easily testing your project The "Protect That Data" winner will receive $3,500 USD, a DEV++ membership , and an exclusive winner badge! Submission Template Judging Criteria: Use of underlying technology Usability and User Experience Accessibility Creativity Prizes: $3,500 USD + DEV++ Membership + Exclusive winner badge Enhance the Ecosystem Develop a project that improves the experience of building on Midnight for other developers. This could include DX libraries, CLI tools, dashboards, block explorers, ZK playgrounds, wallet connectors, or development framework integrations. Requirements: Must improve developer productivity or experience Open-source under Apache 2.0 license Include comprehensive documentation How To Participate: Submit your project using the template link below. All submissions must include: Public GitHub repository with Apache 2.0 license Overview/explainer/tutorial of your project Documentation for running and easily testing your project The "Enhance the Ecosystem" winner will receive $1,000 USD, a DEV++ membership , and an exclusive winner badge! Submission Template Judging Criteria: Use of underlying technology Usability and User Experience Accessibility Creativity Prizes: $1,000 USD + DEV++ Membership + Exclusive winner badge Prize Categories Best Tutorial Awarded to the most effective and engaging tutorial as part of their submission to either prompt Prizes: $500 USD + DEV++ Membership + Exclusive winner badge Helpful Links & Resources Getting Started with Midnight Midnight Network is currently in Testnet, so no credit card is required to get started. You can access test tokens (tDUST) through their faucet. Key Resources: Midnight Network Documentation Quick Start Guide Build with an example (tutorial) Build from scratch (tutorial) Midnight Network Developer Hub GitHub Repo Fireside Dev Hang [Livestream Recording] Connect: Discord Community DEV Challenge Channel Technical Forum Follow @devsofmidnight Frequently Asked Questions Participation Can I submit to multiple prompts? Yes, you are welcome to submit to multiple prompts. Can one submission qualify for multiple prompts? Yes, if your submission offers a solution to multiple prompts, it can qualify for multiple prompts. Can I submit to a prompt more than once? Yes, you can submit multiple submissions per prompt but you'll need to publish a separate post for each submission. In the event that you may win two or more prompts, and your submission is very close with another participant, we will favor the other participant. In the event that you do win two or more prompts, you will only receive one winner badge. Can I work on a team? Yes, you can work on teams of up to four people. If you collaborate with anyone, you'll need to list their DEV handles in your submission post so we can award a badge to your entire team! Please only publish one submission per team. DEV does not handle prize-splitting, so you will need to split all prizes amongst yourselves. Thank you for understanding! How old do I have to be to participate? Participants need to be 18+ in order to participate. If I live in X, am I eligible to participate? For eligibility rules, see our official challenge rules . Submission Can my submission include open source code? Riffing on open source code and borrowing and improving on previous work/ideas is encouraged but it's important your changes are significant enough to ensure your submission is valid. When does riffing become plagiarism? It will depend, but transparency is important, license compatibility is important. You can use someone else's code to give you a jumpstart to demonstrate your ideas on top of someone else's base, but not just re-package the base. It should be clear to the judges what you added to the project in terms of the code and conceptual inspiration. This means, you should clearly state what you were building on and what elements are original to this new submission. When building on existing code, we expect a significant change that adds something tangible to the output. i.e. a new animation, and new sprite, a new function, a new presentation. Not just changes to the source - i.e. changing colours, changing one sprite, changing one function. What happens if my submission is considered plagiarized or invalid? Anything deemed to be plagiarism will not be eligible for prizes. Incidental plagiarism may simply result in your disqualification from the challenge (regardless of the number of other valid submissions you have published). Egregious plagiarism will result in your suspension from DEV entirely. Any non-generic, non-trivial usage of prior work, including open source code must be credited in your submission. Do submissions have to be in English? Non-english submissions are eligible for a completion badge but not eligible for prizes due to the current limitations of our judges. We will not be judging on mastery of the English language, so please don't let this deter you from submitting if you are not a native English speaker! We hope to evolve this in the future to be more accommodating. Do I need a license for my code? Yes, this challenge requires your submission to be open-source under the Apache 2.0 license. This is mandatory for all submissions to either prompt. Can I use AI? Use of AI is allowed as long as all other rules are followed. We want to give you a chance to show off your skills in realistic scenarios. If you use AI tools to help you achieve your submission, all the power to you. How do I embed my project directly into my DEV post? Our editor supports many types of embeds, including: Stackbliz, Glitch, Github, etc. You can typically use the {% embed https://... %} syntax directly in the post. Click here for more information on our markdown support. For CodePen, you will need to use this syntax: {% codepen http://... %} For CodeSandbox, you will need to use this syntax: {% codesandbox http://... %} Judging and Prizing How does the "Best Tutorial" prize category work? In addition to the two main prompts, we're awarding a "Best Tutorial" prize ($500 USD) to the most effective and engaging tutorial as part of any submission to either prompt. This means your submission could win both a main prompt prize and the tutorial prize if your submission includes exceptional educational content. Can there be ties? In the event of a tie in scoring between judges, the judges will select the entry that received the highest number of positive reactions on their DEV post to determine the winner. How will I know if I won? Winners will be announced in a DEV post on the winner announcement date noted in our key dates section. When will I receive my DEV badge? Both participation and winner badges will be awarded, in most cases, the same day as the winner announcement. When will I receive my prizes? The DEV Team will contact you via the email associated with your DEV profile within, at most, 10 business days of the announcement date to share the details of claiming your prizes. What steps do I need to take to receive my cash prize? The winner (including each member of a team) may be required to sign and return an affidavit of eligibility and publicity/liability release, and provide any additional tax filing information (such as a W-9, social security number or Federal tax ID number) within seven (7) business days following the date of your first email notification. Midnight Network "Privacy First" Challenge Rules NO PURCHASE NECESSARY. Open only to 18+. Contest entry period ends September 7, 2025 at 11:59 PM PDT. Contest is void where prohibited or restricted by law or regulation. All entries must be submitted during the contest period. For Official Rules, see Midnight Network "Privacy First" Challenge Contest Rules and General Contest Official Rules . 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https://dev.to/t/svelte | Svelte - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # svelte Follow Hide Tag to discuss Svelte, a JavaScript component framework, which aims at being simple and efficient. Create Post submission guidelines Guidelines as of 14th Oct 2019 1- All posts must be clearly related to Svelte. If you only make a passing comment, avoid using the tag. 2- You needn't be a master of the framework in order to post. Any level of knowledge and skill is acceptable. 3- Feel free to post all sorts of stuff (tutorials, questions, thoughts, critiques, etc.) as long as you stay on topic. about #svelte Svelte is a component framework for JavaScript that runs at build time. It turns components into imperative code and forgoes virtual DOM. Older #svelte posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Bringing the Jetpack Compose Mental Model to the Web: Introducing Compose-Svelted Daniel Imbert Daniel Imbert Daniel Imbert Follow Jan 11 Bringing the Jetpack Compose Mental Model to the Web: Introducing Compose-Svelted # svelte Comments Add Comment 4 min read New Incremark DevTools Release: Built with Svelte, Now with Multi-Parser Support king king king Follow Jan 11 New Incremark DevTools Release: Built with Svelte, Now with Multi-Parser Support # devtools # svelte # opensource # markdown Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building Advanced Interactive Data Tables with Custom Sorting, Filtering, and Inline Editing using PowerTable in Svelte Lucas Bennett Lucas Bennett Lucas Bennett Follow Jan 10 Building Advanced Interactive Data Tables with Custom Sorting, Filtering, and Inline Editing using PowerTable in Svelte # svelte # webdev # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 6 min read Building Forms with RetroUI Svelte Lucas Bennett Lucas Bennett Lucas Bennett Follow Jan 10 Building Forms with RetroUI Svelte # svelte # webdev # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 9 min read Building Forms with Quaff in Svelte Lucas Bennett Lucas Bennett Lucas Bennett Follow Jan 10 Building Forms with Quaff in Svelte # svelte # webdev # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 6 min read The Evolution of Meta-Frameworks: Beyond the JavaScript Ecosystem Denis Donici Denis Donici Denis Donici Follow Jan 10 The Evolution of Meta-Frameworks: Beyond the JavaScript Ecosystem # svelte # inertia # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 4 min read Advanced Animation Techniques with svelte-animations in Svelte Lucas Bennett Lucas Bennett Lucas Bennett Follow Jan 10 Advanced Animation Techniques with svelte-animations in Svelte # svelte # webdev # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 9 min read Building Accessible Dialog Components with Melt UI in Svelte Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Follow Jan 9 Building Accessible Dialog Components with Melt UI in Svelte # svelte # webdev # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 8 min read Building Advanced Data Tables with Server-Side Processing in flowbite-svelte and Svelte Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Follow Jan 9 Building Advanced Data Tables with Server-Side Processing in flowbite-svelte and Svelte # svelte # webdev # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 10 min read Building Forms with Validation in carbon-components-svelte and Svelte Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Follow Jan 9 Building Forms with Validation in carbon-components-svelte and Svelte # webdev # svelte # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 6 min read Building Native Mobile Features with Capacitor and ionic-svelte in Svelte Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Follow Jan 9 Building Native Mobile Features with Capacitor and ionic-svelte in Svelte # svelte # webdev # programming # javascript Comments Add Comment 6 min read Building Advanced Modal Systems with State Management in daisyUI and Svelte Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Follow Jan 9 Building Advanced Modal Systems with State Management in daisyUI and Svelte # webdev # svelte # tutorial # productivity Comments Add Comment 7 min read Advanced Theme Customization and Dynamic Color Schemes with m3-svelte in Svelte Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Follow Jan 9 Advanced Theme Customization and Dynamic Color Schemes with m3-svelte in Svelte # themes # svelte # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 10 min read Building Advanced Component Scaffolding with lomer-ui CLI in Svelte Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Follow Jan 9 Building Advanced Component Scaffolding with lomer-ui CLI in Svelte # svelte # programming # webdev # javascript Comments Add Comment 9 min read Building Accessible Forms with Validation in AgnosticUI and Svelte Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Follow Jan 9 Building Accessible Forms with Validation in AgnosticUI and Svelte # webdev # programming # svelte # buildinpublic Comments Add Comment 6 min read Building Interactive Data Tables with AgnosUI in Svelte Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Follow Jan 9 Building Interactive Data Tables with AgnosUI in Svelte # svelte # webdev # programming # javascript Comments Add Comment 9 min read Building Forms with Validation in Attractions and Svelte Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Follow Jan 9 Building Forms with Validation in Attractions and Svelte # svelte # webdev # programming # javascript Comments Add Comment 6 min read Building Collapsible Components with Melt UI in Svelte Fabricio Viskor Fabricio Viskor Fabricio Viskor Follow Jan 6 Building Collapsible Components with Melt UI in Svelte # webdev # svelte # webcomponents # programming Comments Add Comment 4 min read I Built a Zero-Latency Chrome Extension with Svelte 5 (Runes) & Tailwind v4 Zayan Mohamed Zayan Mohamed Zayan Mohamed Follow Jan 5 I Built a Zero-Latency Chrome Extension with Svelte 5 (Runes) & Tailwind v4 # svelte # opensource # chromeextension # webdev Comments Add Comment 3 min read How I built a Serverless Stack Overflow alternative with AI (SvelteKit + Cloudflare) Mobin Poursalami Mobin Poursalami Mobin Poursalami Follow Jan 5 How I built a Serverless Stack Overflow alternative with AI (SvelteKit + Cloudflare) # showdev # ai # serverless # svelte Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 11: New Year, New Security (Password Generator) Michael Amachree Michael Amachree Michael Amachree Follow Dec 31 '25 Day 11: New Year, New Security (Password Generator) # security # svelte # privacy # webdev Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day 12: The Grand Finale & New App Launch! (Countdown Timer) Michael Amachree Michael Amachree Michael Amachree Follow Dec 31 '25 Day 12: The Grand Finale & New App Launch! (Countdown Timer) # svelte # sveltekit # newyear # launch Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day 10: Visualize Your 2024 Code Journey (GitHub Tracker) Michael Amachree Michael Amachree Michael Amachree Follow Dec 31 '25 Day 10: Visualize Your 2024 Code Journey (GitHub Tracker) # github # svelte # yearincode # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day 7: Holiday Word of the Day (English Dictionary App) Michael Amachree Michael Amachree Michael Amachree Follow Dec 31 '25 Day 7: Holiday Word of the Day (English Dictionary App) # svelte # sveltekit # learning # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day 9: Smart Holiday Shopping & Travel (Currency Converter) Michael Amachree Michael Amachree Michael Amachree Follow Dec 31 '25 Day 9: Smart Holiday Shopping & Travel (Currency Converter) # svelte # sveltekit # travel # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... trending guides/resources How to Create Never-Ending Fun (🎢RollerCoaster.js + React Three Fiber + AI) SvelteKit Remote Functions Workaround Helpers Supercharge Your Svelte Development with shadcn-svelte-mcp Raffi: a modern Stremio‑compatible streaming client I built at 16 Extend shadcn-svelte with more-shadcn-svelte Components Self-hosting SvelteKit app - the easy way Real-world Svelte 5: Handling high-frequency real-time data with Runes The Last SVG Tool You’ll Ever Need: A Zero-Dependency Alternative to SVGR 🚀 Boost Your Svelte DX: A Guide to the Vite Svelte Inspector Svelte SEO: Meta Tag Manager for Search and Social SVAR Gantt 2.4: A Free, Modern Gantt Chart for React & Svelte Day 29 - Add a Loader and Error State Svelte-MiniApps: A Collection of Single-Purpose Svelte 5 Applications Why We Left Vercel and Switched to Self-Hosting Svelte Bash: A Lightweight Terminal Component for Svelte 5 (Autoplay, VFS, Themes, Custom Commands) Building a "Text-to-GIS" Engine with SvelteKit, PostGIS and Open-Source LLMs React vs Vue vs Svelte — Which One Should You Learn in 2025? Day 1: Building a Holiday Budget Tracker with Svelte 5 💸 Testing svelte5 with vitest and playwright for non svelte-kit projects Announcing SvelteKit OG v4: An alternative to @vercel/og for sveltekit 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/t/discuss/videos#main-content | Videos - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close All videos # discuss on Video 12:57 No Code Admin Panel Platform Manish Pillai 03:43 Can logic assembly replace low-level programming in automation? Beeptec Engineering 03:43 BEEPTOOLKIT - IDE Soft Logic Controller Beeptec Engineering 02:03 Project of the Week: Appwrite Riyana Patel 02:02 Project of the Week: Clerk Riyana Patel 02:21 Project of the Week: Supabase Riyana Patel 02:41 Project of the Week: freeCodeCamp Riyana Patel 02:41 Project of the Week: Excalidraw Riyana Patel 02:22 Project of the Week: Windmill Riyana Patel 02:00 Project of the Week: MapLibre Riyana Patel 03:15 Project of the Week: Deno Riyana Patel 03:04 Project of the Week: Ghost 👻 Riyana Patel 02:34 Project of the Week: Grafana Riyana Patel 02:21 Project of the Week: TensorFlow Riyana Patel 01:35 Project of the Week: HedgeDoc 🦔 Riyana Patel 00:22 ✏️ What’s your go-to UI font right now? #UIUXDesign #FontInspiration #UIDesignTips #UXForEveryone #DesignTrends2025 #nurodesign Nuro Design 01:49 Project of the Week: TanStack Query Riyana Patel 00:41 Shazam for movies - Clip2Title Sebastian Van Rooyen 00:17 Manticore vs Elastic with Kibana Sergey Nikolaev 01:49 🤯 Me in Gemini DeepSearch ANIRUDDHA ADAK 00:45 DevHunt Weekly: Unfair Rankings or Just a Glitch? Wlad Radchenko 00:31 Exploring dev.to's Hidden Features: Upload a Video. What? Wlad Radchenko 00:25 What are your thoughts on the Rails community? Nick Taylor 02:17 How do you balance showing your understanding of tech with showing you can apply your skills? BekahHW loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://golf.forem.com/ben/hindsight-at-bethpage-the-principles-keegan-usa-looked-past-j8k | Hindsight at Bethpage: The Principles Keegan Looked Past - Golf Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Golf Forem Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Ben Halpern Posted on Oct 3, 2025 Hindsight at Bethpage: The Principles Keegan Looked Past # pgatour # rydercup # coursearchitecture # coursestrategy The dust has settled on a tough Ryder Cup loss at Bethpage Black, and the finger-pointing has commenced. U.S. Captain Keegan Bradley fell on the sword, taking the blame for a course setup that backfired spectacularly. He wanted to give his long-hitting American team an edge by cutting down the notoriously thick rough, but soggy conditions turned the course into a soft, scoreable track that played right into Europe's hands. It's always easy to be a captain from the couch. Hindsight is 20/20, and guessing how weather and course conditions will play out is a tricky business. But the problem with the Bethpage setup wasn't just a tactical miscalculation; it was a failure to adhere to a few core principles that should have been non-negotiable. 1. Build the Course for Your Best Player When you have the undisputed best player in the world, you don't get cute. You build the entire strategy around him. Scottie Scheffler's superpower is his relentless, metronomic tee-to-green accuracy. He consistently puts himself in the best position to score, wearing opponents down with his precision. The setup at Bethpage actively worked against this. By cutting down the rough, the captainate removed the penalty for inaccuracy. Suddenly, wayward drives from European bombers like Rory McIlroy and Jon Rahm weren't punished. The course became a simple contest of distance and putting, neutralizing the single greatest advantage on the American squad. Instead of creating a test that would reward Scheffler's elite ball-striking, we created a free-for-all. The first principle should have been simple: create a setup where Scottie's strengths shine, and let the rest of the team fall in line. 2. Let the Course Be Itself Bethpage Black has a reputation. It's a monster. There's a literal warning sign on the first tee telling average golfers not to even try it. That mythos, that fearsome identity, is a massive home-field advantage. The European team should have arrived on Long Island knowing they were in for a brutal, soul-crushing test of golf. By "neutering" the course, Team USA sacrificed its most powerful psychological weapon. The intimidation factor vanished. Instead of a beast that demanded respect and rewarded survival, it became just another long golf course. The goal shouldn't have been to create a specific advantage; it should have been to unleash the Black Course in all its glory and force the Europeans to contend with the legend. A difficult course, true to its design, would have been the ultimate home-field advantage. 3. Give the Crowd What It Wants: Carnage The New York crowd is the 13th man. They are loud, intense, and ready to be a factor. What does a crowd like that feed on? Not a quiet birdie-fest. They thrive on drama, tension, and grit. They want to see a fight. A brutally difficult Bethpage, where making par is a monumental achievement, would have electrified the galleries. Every saved par would have been met with a roar. Every European bogey would have fueled the chaos. The intensity of watching the world's best players struggle against the course would have created a much more intimidating atmosphere than watching them trade birdies on softened greens. The early U.S. deficit combined with the less-dramatic-than-expected course conditions seemed to take the air out of the crowd. The principle is to know your environment; the Bethpage crowd came for a battle, and a setup that produced pars-as-victories would have given them the fuel they needed. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Ben Halpern Follow A Canadian software developer who thinks he’s funny. Location NY Education Mount Allison University Pronouns He/him Work Co-founder at Forem Joined Dec 27, 2015 More from Ben Halpern I am so not looking forward to the discourse leading up to next Ryder Cup. The tournament itself is great, but the discussion is grating. # golfmedia # rydercup 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Golf Forem — A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Golf Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where hackers, sticks, weekend warriors, pros, architects and wannabes come together Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Architecture Follow Hide The fundamental structures of a software system. Create Post Older #architecture posts 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu I built ARIA - Adaptive Resonant Intelligent Architecture John Doe John Doe John Doe Follow Nov 3 '25 I built ARIA - Adaptive Resonant Intelligent Architecture # showdev # ai # architecture # rag 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Building Live Code Knowledge Graph: AST Layer Is Coming Alive Jenil Savani Jenil Savani Jenil Savani Follow Nov 24 '25 Building Live Code Knowledge Graph: AST Layer Is Coming Alive # secrin # ai # architecture # opensource 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Power Patterns: Where Capability Composition Shines bwi bwi bwi Follow Oct 21 '25 Power Patterns: Where Capability Composition Shines # dotnet # csharp # opensource # architecture Comments Add Comment 12 min read Building with Capabilities: The Core API bwi bwi bwi Follow Oct 21 '25 Building with Capabilities: The Core API # dotnet # csharp # architecture # opensource Comments Add Comment 12 min read Unraveling the Power of API Design: Best Practices for Developers Mike Mike Mike Follow Oct 22 '25 Unraveling the Power of API Design: Best Practices for Developers # 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systemdesign # distributedsystems # dataengineering # architecture 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read Declarative Reality Sui Gn Sui Gn Sui Gn Follow Nov 24 '25 Declarative Reality # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign Comments Add Comment 3 min read AWS Outage Chaos: Lessons in Resilience and How ConfigBee Stayed Unfazed Sri Venkata Reddy Sri Venkata Reddy Sri Venkata Reddy Follow Oct 20 '25 AWS Outage Chaos: Lessons in Resilience and How ConfigBee Stayed Unfazed # news # devops # aws # architecture Comments Add Comment 3 min read How Shorebird Works: Breaking Down Flutter’s Over-the-Air Update Engine Smith Smith Smith Follow Oct 20 '25 How Shorebird Works: Breaking Down Flutter’s Over-the-Air Update Engine # mobile # tooling # flutter # architecture Comments Add Comment 4 min read The Inheritance Gallery HASAN EKMEKCI HASAN EKMEKCI HASAN EKMEKCI Follow Oct 21 '25 The Inheritance Gallery # architecture # beginners # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read My AI Stopped "Guessing" and Started "Thinking": Implementing a Planning & Reasoning Architecture Ilya Ploskovitov Ilya Ploskovitov Ilya Ploskovitov Follow Nov 22 '25 My AI Stopped "Guessing" and Started "Thinking": Implementing a Planning & Reasoning Architecture # buildinpublic # testing # automation # architecture Comments 2 comments 4 min read Building a Real-Time Data Lake on AWS: S3, Glue, and Athena in Production WanjohiChristopher WanjohiChristopher WanjohiChristopher Follow for AWS Community Builders Nov 24 '25 Building a Real-Time Data Lake on AWS: S3, Glue, and Athena in Production # architecture # aws # dataengineering 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Cloud FinOps in Action: How I Saved Thousands by Optimizing AWS Architectures alok shankar alok shankar alok shankar Follow Nov 23 '25 Cloud FinOps in Action: How I Saved Thousands by Optimizing AWS Architectures # aws # cloud # architecture # devops Comments Add Comment 4 min read 6 Common Anti-Patterns You should avoid TJ Coding TJ Coding TJ Coding Follow Nov 23 '25 6 Common Anti-Patterns You should avoid # javascript # typescript # architecture # node Comments Add Comment 5 min read Designing a High-Load Event Processing Pipeline — What Really Matters When Systems Start to Breathe Pavel Sanikovich Pavel Sanikovich Pavel Sanikovich Follow Nov 24 '25 Designing a High-Load Event Processing Pipeline — What Really Matters When Systems Start to Breathe # 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https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/code-scanning | Finding security vulnerabilities and errors in your code with code scanning - GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Free, Pro, & Team Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar Security and code quality / Code scanning Home Security and code quality Getting started GitHub security features Dependabot quickstart Secure repository quickstart Add a security policy GitHub secret types GitHub Code Quality Get started Quickstart Reference Metrics and ratings CodeQL analysis CodeQL queries C# queries Go queries Java queries JavaScript queries Python queries Ruby queries Tutorials Fix findings in PRs Improve your codebase Improve recent merges Responsible use Code quality Secure your organization Introduction Choose security configuration Manage organization security Interpret security data Exposure to leaked 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program Code scanning Enable code scanning Configure code scanning Create advanced setup Configure advanced setup Customize advanced setup CodeQL for compiled languages Hardware resources for CodeQL Code scanning in a container Manage alerts Copilot Autofix for code scanning Disable Copilot Autofix Assess alerts Resolve alerts Fix alerts in campaign Triage alerts in pull requests Manage code scanning Code scanning tool status Edit default setup Set merge protection Enable delegated alert dismissal Configure larger runners View code scanning logs Integrate with code scanning Using code scanning with your existing CI system Upload a SARIF file SARIF support Troubleshooting code scanning Code Security must be enabled Alerts in generated code Analysis takes too long Automatic build failed C# compiler failing Cannot enable CodeQL in a private repository Enabling default setup takes too long Extraction errors in the database Fewer lines scanned than expected Logs not detailed enough No source code seen during build Not recognized Out of disk or memory Resource not accessible Results different than expected Server error Some languages not analyzed Two CodeQL workflows Unclear what triggered a workflow Unnecessary step found Kotlin detected in no build Troubleshooting SARIF uploads GitHub Code Security disabled Default setup is enabled GitHub token missing SARIF file invalid Results file too large Results exceed limits Reference CodeQL queries About built-in queries Actions queries C and C++ queries C# queries Go queries Java and Kotlin queries JavaScript and TypeScript queries Python queries Ruby queries Rust queries Swift queries CodeQL CLI Getting started Setting up the CodeQL CLI Preparing code for analysis Analyzing code Uploading results to GitHub Customizing analysis Advanced functionality Advanced setup of the CodeQL CLI Using custom queries with the CodeQL CLI Creating CodeQL query suites Testing custom queries Testing query help files Creating and working 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pack bundle pack ci pack create pack download pack init pack install pack ls pack packlist pack publish pack resolve-dependencies pack upgrade query compile query decompile query format query run resolve database resolve extensions resolve extensions-by-pack resolve extractor resolve files resolve languages resolve library-path resolve metadata resolve ml-models resolve packs resolve qlpacks resolve qlref resolve queries resolve ram resolve tests resolve upgrades test accept test extract test run version CodeQL for VS Code Getting started Extension installation Manage CodeQL databases Run CodeQL queries Explore data flow Queries at scale Advanced functionality CodeQL model editor Custom query creation Manage CodeQL packs Explore code structure Test CodeQL queries Customize settings CodeQL workspace setup CodeQL CLI access Telemetry Troubleshooting CodeQL for VS Code Access logs Problem with controller repository Security advisories Global security advisories Browse Advisory Database 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Manage usage and access Give access to private registries Manage paid GHAS use Troubleshoot security configurations Active advanced setup Unexpected default setup Find attachment failures Not enough GHAS licenses Secure your supply chain Secure your dependencies Configure Dependabot alerts Configure security updates Configure version updates Auto-update actions Configure dependency graph Explore dependencies Submit dependencies automatically Use dependency submission API Verify release integrity Manage your dependency security Auto-triage Dependabot alerts Prioritize with preset rules Customize Dependabot PRs Control dependency update Configure dependency review action Optimize Java packages Configure Dependabot notifications Configure access to private registries Remove access to public registries Manage Dependabot PRs Manage Dependabot on self-hosted runners List configured dependencies Configure private registries Troubleshoot dependency security Troubleshoot Dependabot errors Troubleshoot vulnerability detection Establish provenance and integrity Prevent release changes Export dependencies as SBOM Maintain quality code Enable Code Quality Interpret results Set PR thresholds Unblock your PR Reference Tutorials Secure your organization Prevent data leaks Fix alerts at scale Prioritize alerts in production code Interpret secret risk assessment Remediate leaked secrets Evaluate alerts Remediate a leaked secret Trial GitHub Advanced Security Plan GHAS trial Trial Advanced Security Enable security features in trial Trial Secret Protection Trial Code Security Manage security alerts Prioritize Dependabot alerts using metrics Best practices for campaigns Responsible use Security and code quality / Code scanning Finding security vulnerabilities and errors in your code with code scanning Keep your code secure by using code scanning to identify and fix potential security vulnerabilities and other errors in your code. Who can use this feature? Code scanning is available for the following repository types: Public repositories on GitHub.com Organization-owned repositories on GitHub Team, GitHub Enterprise Cloud, or GitHub Enterprise Server, with GitHub Code Security enabled. Enabling code scanning Configuring default setup for code scanning Creating an advanced setup for code scanning Configuring advanced setup for code scanning Customizing your advanced setup for code scanning CodeQL code scanning for compiled languages Recommended hardware resources for running CodeQL Running CodeQL code scanning in a container Managing code scanning alerts Responsible use of Copilot Autofix for code scanning Disabling Copilot Autofix for code scanning security alerts Assessing code scanning alerts for your repository Resolving code scanning alerts Fixing alerts in a security campaign Triaging code scanning alerts in pull requests Managing your code scanning configuration About the tool status page for code scanning Editing your configuration of default setup Set code scanning merge protection Enabling delegated alert dismissal for code scanning Configuring larger runners for default setup Viewing code scanning logs Integrating with code scanning Using code scanning with your existing CI system Uploading a SARIF file to GitHub SARIF support for code scanning Troubleshooting code scanning Error: "GitHub Code Security or GitHub Advanced Security must be enabled for this repository to use code scanning" Alerts found in generated code Code scanning analysis takes too long Automatic build failed for a compiled language C# compiler unexpectedly failing Cannot enable CodeQL in a private repository Enabling default setup takes too long Extraction errors in the database CodeQL scanned fewer lines than expected Logs are not detailed enough Error: "No source code was seen during the build" Error: "is not a .ql file, .qls file, a directory, or a query pack specification" Error: "Out of disk" or Error: "Out of memory" Error: 403 "Resource not accessible by integration" Results are different than expected Error: "Server error" Some languages were not analyzed with CodeQL advanced setup Two CodeQL workflows Unclear what triggered a workflow run Warning: "1 issue was detected with this workflow: git checkout HEAD^2 is no longer necessary" Warning: Detected X Kotlin files in your project that could not be processed without a build Troubleshooting SARIF uploads Upload fails because GitHub Code Security is disabled Upload was rejected because CodeQL default setup is enabled for code scanning GitHub token is required to upload SARIF results SARIF file is invalid SARIF results file is too large SARIF results exceed one or more limits Reference for code scanning Queries for CodeQL analysis Help and support Did you find what you needed? 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https://realpython.com/python-deque/ | Python's deque: Implement Efficient Queues and Stacks – Real Python Start Here Learn Python Python Tutorials → In-depth articles and video courses Learning Paths → Guided study plans for accelerated learning Quizzes & Exercises → Check your learning progress Browse Topics → Focus on a specific area or skill level Community Chat → Learn with other Pythonistas Office Hours → Live Q&A calls with Python experts Podcast → Hear what’s new in the world of Python Books → Round out your knowledge and learn offline Reference → Concise definitions for common Python terms Code Mentor → Beta Personalized code assistance & learning tools Unlock All Content → More Learner Stories Python Newsletter Python Job Board Meet the Team Become a Tutorial Writer Become a Video Instructor Search / Join Sign‑In — FREE Email Series — 🐍 Python Tricks 💌 Get Python Tricks » 🔒 No spam. Unsubscribe any time. Browse Topics Guided Learning Paths Basics Intermediate Advanced ai algorithms api best-practices career community databases data-science data-structures data-viz devops django docker editors flask front-end gamedev gui machine-learning news numpy projects python stdlib testing tools web-dev web-scraping Table of Contents Get Started With Python’s deque Pop and Append Items With Efficient deque Methods Access Random Items in a deque Build Efficient Queues With deque Explore Other Features and Methods of deque Limiting the Number of Items: maxlen Rotating the Items: .rotate() Adding Several Items at Once: .extendleft() Use Sequence-Like Features of deque Put Python’s deque Into Action Keeping a Page History Sharing Data Between Threads Emulating the tail Command Conclusion Frequently Asked Questions Mark as Completed Share Python's deque: Implement Efficient Queues and Stacks by Leodanis Pozo Ramos Publication date Jan 12, 2026 Reading time estimate 34m intermediate data-structures python stdlib Mark as Completed Share Table of Contents Get Started With Python’s deque Pop and Append Items With Efficient deque Methods Access Random Items in a deque Build Efficient Queues With deque Explore Other Features and Methods of deque Limiting the Number of Items: maxlen Rotating the Items: .rotate() Adding Several Items at Once: .extendleft() Use Sequence-Like Features of deque Put Python’s deque Into Action Keeping a Page History Sharing Data Between Threads Emulating the tail Command Conclusion Frequently Asked Questions Remove ads You can use Python’s deque for efficient appends and pops at both ends of a sequence-like data type. These capabilities are critical when you need to implement queue and stack data structures that operate efficiently even under heavy workloads. In this tutorial, you’ll learn how deque works, when to use it over a list , and how to apply it in real code. By the end of this tutorial, you’ll understand that: deque internally uses a doubly linked list , so end operations are O(1) while random indexing is O(n) . You can build a FIFO queue with .append() and .popleft() , and a LIFO stack with .append() and .pop() . deque supports indexing but doesn’t support slicing . Passing a value to maxlen creates a bounded deque that drops items from the opposite end when full. In CPython, .append() , .appendleft() , .pop() , .popleft() , and len() are thread-safe for multithreaded use. Up next, you’ll get started with deque , benchmark it against list , and explore how it shines in real-world use cases, such as queues, stacks, history buffers, and thread-safe producer-consumer setups. Get Your Code: Click here to download the free sample code that shows you how to implement efficient queues and stacks with Python’s deque. Take the Quiz: Test your knowledge with our interactive “Python's deque: Implement Efficient Queues and Stacks” quiz. You’ll receive a score upon completion to help you track your learning progress: Interactive Quiz Python's deque: Implement Efficient Queues and Stacks Use Python's deque for fast queues and stacks. Refresh end operations, maxlen rollover, indexing limits, and thread-safe methods. Get Started With Python’s deque Appending to and popping from the right end of a Python list are efficient operations most of the time. Using the Big O notation for time complexity , these operations are O(1) . However, when Python needs to reallocate memory to grow the underlying list to accept new items, these operations slow down and can become O ( n ). In contrast, appending and popping items from the left end of a Python list are always inefficient and have O ( n ) time complexity. Because Python lists provide both operations with the .append() and .pop() methods , you can use them as stacks and queues . However, the performance issues you saw before can significantly impact the overall performance of your applications. Python’s deque was the first data type added to the collections module back in Python 2.4 . This data type was specially designed to overcome the efficiency problems of .append() and .pop() in Python lists. A deque is a sequence -like data structure designed as a generalization of stacks and queues . It supports memory-efficient and fast append and pop operations on both ends. Note: The word deque is pronounced as “deck.” The name stands for d ouble- e nded que ue . Append and pop operations on both ends of a deque object are stable and equally efficient because deques are implemented as a doubly linked list . Additionally, append and pop operations on deques are thread-safe and memory-efficient. These features make deques particularly useful for creating custom stacks and queues in Python. Deques are also a good choice when you need to keep a list of recently seen items, as you can restrict the maximum length of your deque. By setting a maximum length, once a deque is full, it automatically discards items from one end when you append new items to the opposite end. Here’s a summary of the main features of deque : Stores items of any data type Is a mutable data type Supports membership operations with the in operator Supports indexing , like in a_deque[i] Doesn’t support slicing , like in a_deque[0:2] Supports built-in functions that operate on sequences and iterables , such as len() , sorted() , reversed() , and more Doesn’t support in-place sorting Supports normal and reverse iteration Supports pickling with pickle Supports fast, memory-efficient, and thread-safe pop and append operations on both ends To create deques, you just need to import deque from collections and call it with an optional iterable as an argument : Python >>> from collections import deque >>> # Create an empty deque >>> deque () deque([]) >>> # Use different iterables to create deques >>> deque (( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 )) deque([1, 2, 3, 4]) >>> deque ([ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]) deque([1, 2, 3, 4]) >>> deque ( range ( 1 , 5 )) deque([1, 2, 3, 4]) >>> deque ( "abcd" ) deque(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']) >>> numbers = { "one" : 1 , "two" : 2 , "three" : 3 , "four" : 4 } >>> deque ( numbers . keys ()) deque(['one', 'two', 'three', 'four']) >>> deque ( numbers . values ()) deque([1, 2, 3, 4]) >>> deque ( numbers . items ()) deque([('one', 1), ('two', 2), ('three', 3), ('four', 4)]) If you instantiate deque without providing an iterable as an argument, then you get an empty deque. If you provide an iterable , then deque initializes the new instance with data from it. The initialization goes from left to right using deque.append() . The deque initializer takes the following two optional arguments : iterable holds an iterable that provides the initialization data. maxlen holds an integer number that specifies the maximum length of the deque. As mentioned previously, if you don’t supply an iterable , then you get an empty deque. If you provide a value to maxlen , then your deque will only store up to maxlen items. Finally, you can also use unordered iterables, such as sets , to initialize your deques. In those cases, you won’t have a predefined order for the items in the final deque. Remove ads Pop and Append Items With Efficient deque Methods The most significant difference between deque and list is that deque enables efficient append and pop operations on both ends of the sequence. To support this, the deque class implements dedicated .popleft() and .appendleft() methods that operate directly on the left end of the sequence: Python >>> from collections import deque >>> numbers = deque ([ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]) >>> numbers . popleft () 1 >>> numbers . popleft () 2 >>> numbers deque([3, 4]) >>> numbers . appendleft ( 2 ) >>> numbers . appendleft ( 1 ) >>> numbers deque([1, 2, 3, 4]) Here, you use .popleft() and .appendleft() to remove and add values, respectively, to the left end of numbers . These methods are specific to the design of deque , and you won’t find them in list . Just like list , deque also provides .append() and .pop() methods to operate on the right end of the sequence. However, .pop() behaves differently: Python >>> from collections import deque >>> numbers = deque ([ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]) >>> numbers . pop () 4 >>> numbers . pop ( 0 ) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>" , line 1 , in <module> numbers . pop ( 0 ) ~~~~~~~~~~~^^^ TypeError : pop() takes no arguments (1 given) The .pop() method of a deque always removes and returns the last value in the deque. The method doesn’t take an index as an argument. That means you can’t use .pop() to remove arbitrary items from your deques like you can with the corresponding method of a list . You can only use it to remove and return the rightmost item. As you learned earlier, deque is implemented as a doubly linked list . So, every item in a given deque holds a reference ( pointer ) to the next and previous item in the sequence . Doubly linked lists enable appending and popping items from either end to be lightweight and efficient operations. That’s possible because only the pointers need to be updated. As a result, both operations have similar performance, O(1) . They’re also predictable in terms of performance because there’s no need to reallocate memory and move existing items to accommodate new ones. Appending and popping items from the left end of a regular Python list requires shifting all the items, resulting in an O(n) operation. Additionally, adding items to the right end of a list often requires Python to reallocate memory and copy the current items to the new memory location. After that, it can add the new items. This process takes longer to complete, and the append operation passes from being O(1) to O(n) . Consider the following performance tests for appending items to the left end of a sequence, deque vs list : Python time_append.py from collections import deque from time import perf_counter TIMES = 10_000 NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND = 1e9 a_list = [] a_deque = deque () def average_time ( func , times ): total = 0.0 for i in range ( times ): start = perf_counter () func ( i ) # Convert to ns to improve readability total += ( perf_counter () - start ) * NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND return total / times list_time = average_time ( lambda i : a_list . insert ( 0 , i ), TIMES ) deque_time = average_time ( lambda i : a_deque . appendleft ( i ), TIMES ) gain = list_time / deque_time print ( f "list.insert() { list_time : .6 } ns" ) print ( f "deque.appendleft() { deque_time : .6 } ns ( { gain : .6 } x faster)" ) In this script, average_time() computes the average time that executing a function ( func ) a given number of times takes. If you run the script from your command line, then you get the following output: Shell $ python time_append.py list.insert() 1225.31 ns deque.appendleft() 90.4832 ns (13.5418x faster) In this specific example, .appendleft() on a deque is several times faster than .insert() on a list . Note that deque.appendleft() is O(1) , which means that the execution time is constant. However, list.insert() at the left end of the list is O(n) , which means that the execution time depends on the number of items to process. In this example, if you increment the value of TIMES , then you’ll get higher time measurements for list.insert() but stable (constant) results for deque.appendleft() . If you’d like to try a similar performance test on pop operations for both deques and lists, then you can expand the exercise block below and compare your results after you’re done. Exercise: Test deque.popleft() vs list.pop(0) performance Show/Hide As an exercise, you can modify the script above to time deque.popleft() vs list.pop(0) operations and estimate their performance. Solution: Test deque.popleft() vs list.pop(0) performance Show/Hide Here’s a script that tests the performance of deque.popleft() and list.pop(0) operations: Python time_pop.py from collections import deque from time import perf_counter TIMES = 10_000 NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND = 1e9 a_list = [ 1 ] * TIMES a_deque = deque ( a_list ) def average_time ( func , times ): total = 0.0 for _ in range ( times ): start = perf_counter () func () # Convert to ns to improve readability total += ( perf_counter () - start ) * NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND return total / times list_time = average_time ( lambda : a_list . pop ( 0 ), TIMES ) deque_time = average_time ( lambda : a_deque . popleft (), TIMES ) gain = list_time / deque_time print ( f "list.pop(0) { list_time : .6 } ns" ) print ( f "deque.popleft() { deque_time : .6 } ns ( { gain : .6 } x faster)" ) If you run this script on your computer, then you’ll get an output similar to the following: Shell $ python time_pop.py list.pop(0) 1012.21 ns deque.popleft() 81.5115 ns (12.418x faster) Again, deque is faster than list when it comes to removing items from the left end of the underlying sequence. Try changing the value of TIMES and see what happens! The deque data type was designed to guarantee efficient append and pop operations on either end of the sequence. It’s ideal for approaching problems that require the implementation of queue and stack data structures in Python. Access Random Items in a deque Python’s deque returns mutable sequences that work quite similarly to lists. Besides allowing you to append and pop items from their ends efficiently, deques provide a group of list-like methods and other sequence-like operations to work with items at arbitrary locations. Here are some of them: Operation Description .insert(i, value) Insert an item value into a deque at index i . .remove(value) Remove the first occurrence of value , raising ValueError if the value doesn’t exist. a_deque[i] Access the item at index i from a deque. del a_deque[i] Remove the item at index i from a deque. You can use these methods and operators to work with items at any position inside a deque object. Here’s how to do that: Python >>> from collections import deque >>> letters = deque ( "abde" ) >>> letters . insert ( 2 , "c" ) >>> letters deque(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']) >>> letters . remove ( "d" ) >>> letters deque(['a', 'b', 'c', 'e']) >>> letters [ 1 ] 'b' >>> del letters [ 2 ] >>> letters deque(['a', 'b', 'e']) In this example, you first insert "c" into letters at position 2 . Then, you remove "d" from the deque using .remove() . Deques also allow indexing to access items, which you use here to access "b" at index 1 . Finally, you can use the del keyword to delete any existing items from a deque. Note that .remove() deletes items by value , while del removes items by index . Even though deque supports indexing, it doesn’t support slicing . In other words, you can’t extract a slice from an existing deque using the slicing syntax, [start:stop:step] , as you would with a regular list: Python >>> from collections import deque >>> numbers = deque ([ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]) >>> numbers [ 1 : 3 ] Traceback (most recent call last): ... TypeError : sequence index must be integer, not 'slice' Deques support indexing, but don’t support slicing. Performing a slice operation on a linked list would be inefficient, so this operation isn’t available in deques. When you try to get a slice from a deque, you get a TypeError . So far, you’ve seen that deque is quite similar to list . However, while list is based on arrays , deque is based on a doubly linked list. There is a hidden cost behind deque being implemented as a doubly linked list: accessing, inserting, and removing arbitrary items aren’t efficient operations. To perform them, the Python interpreter has to iterate through the deque until it gets to the desired item. So, they’re O(n) instead of O(1) operations. Here’s a script that shows how efficiently deques and lists behave when it comes to working with arbitrary items: Python time_random_access.py from collections import deque from time import perf_counter TIMES = 10_000 MICROSECONDS_PER_SECOND = 1e6 a_list = [ 1 ] * TIMES a_deque = deque ( a_list ) def average_time ( func , times ): total = 0.0 for _ in range ( times ): start = perf_counter () func () # Convert to μs to improve readability total += ( perf_counter () - start ) * MICROSECONDS_PER_SECOND return total / times def time_it ( sequence ): middle = len ( sequence ) // 2 sequence . insert ( middle , "middle" ) sequence [ middle ] sequence . remove ( "middle" ) del sequence [ middle ] list_time = average_time ( lambda : time_it ( a_list ), TIMES ) deque_time = average_time ( lambda : time_it ( a_deque ), TIMES ) gain = deque_time / list_time print ( f "list { list_time : .6 } μs ( { gain : .6 } x faster)" ) print ( f "deque { deque_time : .6 } μs" ) This script times inserting, deleting, and accessing items in the middle of a deque and a list. If you run the script, then you get an output that looks like the following: Shell $ python time_random_access.py list 36.4306 μs (1.10711x faster) deque 40.3326 μs Accessing elements from the middle of a deque is less efficient than accessing the same elements from a list. The main takeaway here is that deques aren’t always more efficient than lists. Python’s deque is optimized for operations on either end of the sequence, so it consistently outperforms lists in this regard. On the other hand, lists are better for random-access and fixed-length operations. Here are some of the differences between deques and lists in terms of performance: Operation deque list Accessing arbitrary items through indexing O(n) O(1) Popping and appending items on the left end O(1) O(n) Popping and appending items to the right end O(1) O(1) + reallocation Inserting and deleting items in the middle O(n) O(n) In the case of lists, the .append() method has amortized performance that is affected by memory reallocation when the interpreter needs to grow the list to accommodate new items. This operation requires copying all current items to the new memory location, which significantly impacts performance. This summary can help you choose the appropriate data type for the problem at hand. However, make sure to profile your code before switching from lists to deques. Both of them have their performance strengths. Remove ads Build Efficient Queues With deque As you already learned, deque is implemented as a double-ended queue that provides a generalization of stacks and queues . In this section, you’ll learn how to use deque for implementing your own queue abstract data types (ADT) at a low level in an elegant, efficient, and Pythonic way. Note: In the Python standard library , you’ll find the queue module . It implements multi-producer, multi-consumer queues that allow you to exchange information between multiple threads safely and securely. If you’re working with queues, then favor using those high-level abstractions over deque unless you’re implementing your own data structure. Queues are collections of items. You can modify queues by adding items at one end and removing items from the opposite end. Queues manage their items in a First-In/First-Out ( FIFO ) fashion. They work as a pipe where you push in new items at one end of the pipe and pop old items out from the other end. Adding an item to one end of a queue is known as an enqueue operation. Removing an item from the other end is called dequeue . To better understand queues, take your favorite restaurant as an example. The restaurant has a queue of people waiting for a table to order their food. Typically, the last person to arrive will stand at the end of the queue. The person at the beginning of the queue will leave it as soon as a table is available. Here’s how you can emulate the process using a bare-bones deque object: Python >>> from collections import deque >>> customers = deque () >>> # People arriving >>> customers . append ( "Jane" ) >>> customers . append ( "John" ) >>> customers . append ( "Linda" ) >>> customers deque(['Jane', 'John', 'Linda']) >>> # People getting tables >>> customers . popleft () 'Jane' >>> customers . popleft () 'John' >>> customers . popleft () 'Linda' >>> # No people in the queue >>> customers . popleft () Traceback (most recent call last): ... IndexError : pop from an empty deque Here, you first create an empty deque object to represent the queue of people arriving at the restaurant. To enqueue a person, you use .append() , which adds individual items to the right end. To dequeue a person, you use .popleft() , which removes and returns the item at the left end of a deque. Cool! Your queue simulation works! However, since deque is a generalization, its API doesn’t match the typical queue API. For example, instead of .enqueue() , you have .append() . You also have .popleft() instead of .dequeue() . Additionally, deque provides several other operations that might not fit your specific needs. The good news is that you can create custom queue classes with the exact functionality you need, without any unnecessary features. To do this, you can internally use a deque to store the data and provide the desired functionality in your custom queues. You can think of it as an implementation of the adapter design pattern , in which you convert the deque’s interface into something that resembles a queue interface. For example, say you need a custom queue that provides only the following features: Enqueuing items Dequeuing items Returning the length of the queue Supporting membership tests Supporting normal and reverse iteration Providing a user-friendly string representation In this case, you can write a Queue class that can look like the following: Python custom_queue.py from collections import deque class Queue : def __init__ ( self ): self . _items = deque () def enqueue ( self , item ): self . _items . append ( item ) def dequeue ( self ): try : return self . _items . popleft () except IndexError : # Break exception chain to hide implementation details raise IndexError ( "dequeue from an empty queue" ) from None def __len__ ( self ): return len ( self . _items ) def __contains__ ( self , item ): return item in self . _items def __iter__ ( self ): yield from self . _items def __reversed__ ( self ): yield from reversed ( self . _items ) def __repr__ ( self ): return f "Queue( { list ( self . _items ) } )" In this example, ._items holds a deque object that allows you to store and manipulate the items in the queue. Your custom Queue class implements .enqueue() using deque.append() to add items to the end of the queue. It also implements .dequeue() with deque.popleft() to efficiently remove items from the beginning of the queue. The special methods support the following features: Method Support .__len__() Length with len() .__contains__() Membership tests with in .__iter__() Normal iteration .__reversed__() Reverse iteration .__repr__() String representation With these final additions, your Queue class is complete and provides all the required functionality. Now, you can start using this class in your code. Note: Ideally, .__repr__() should return a string representation that allows you to recreate the object unambiguously with the same internal state. However, in the example above, the intent is to use the method’s return value to gracefully display the object on the interactive shell . Here’s an example of using Queue : Python >>> from custom_queue import Queue >>> numbers = Queue () >>> numbers Queue([]) >>> # Enqueue items >>> for number in range ( 1 , 5 ): ... numbers . enqueue ( number ) ... >>> numbers Queue([1, 2, 3, 4]) >>> # Support len() >>> len ( numbers ) 4 >>> # Support membership tests >>> 2 in numbers True >>> 10 in numbers False >>> # Normal iteration >>> for number in numbers : ... print ( f "Number: { number } " ) ... Number: 1 Number: 2 Number: 3 Number: 4 As an exercise, you can test the remaining features and implement other features, such as supporting equality tests, removing and accessing random items, and more. Go ahead and give it a try! Remove ads Explore Other Features and Methods of deque In addition to the features you’ve seen so far, deque offers features specifically tailored to its intended purpose. In the following sections, you’ll learn about other arguments and methods that deque provides, how they work, and how to use them in your code. Limiting the Number of Items: maxlen One of the most useful features of deque is the possibility to specify its maximum length or number of items using the maxlen argument when you’re instantiating the class. Note: If you don’t specify a value for maxlen , it defaults to None , allowing the deque to grow to an arbitrary number of items. If you provide a value to maxlen , then your deque will only store up to maxlen items. You’d have a bounded deque . Once a bounded deque is full with the specified number of items, adding a new item at either end automatically removes and discards the item at the opposite end: Python >>> from collections import deque >>> four_numbers = deque ([ 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], maxlen = 4 ) # Discard 0 >>> four_numbers deque([1, 2, 3, 4], maxlen=4) >>> four_numbers . append ( 5 ) # Automatically remove 1 >>> four_numbers deque([2, 3, 4, 5], maxlen=4) >>> four_numbers . append ( 6 ) # Automatically remove 2 >>> four_numbers deque([3, 4, 5, 6], maxlen=4) >>> four_numbers . appendleft ( 2 ) # Automatically remove 6 >>> four_numbers deque([2, 3, 4, 5], maxlen=4) >>> four_numbers . appendleft ( 1 ) # Automatically remove 5 >>> four_numbers deque([1, 2, 3, 4], maxlen=4) >>> four_numbers . maxlen 4 If the number of items in the input iterable exceeds maxlen , then deque discards the leftmost items ( 0 in the example). Once the deque is full, appending an item to either end automatically removes the item from the other end. Having the option to restrict the maximum number of items allows you to use deques for tracking the latest elements in a given sequence of objects or events. For example, you can track the last five transactions in a bank account, the last ten open text files in an editor, the last five pages in a browser, and more. The maxlen argument is available as a read-only attribute in your deques, allowing you to check if the deque is full with a condition like this: len(a_deque) == a_deque.maxlen . Finally, you can set maxlen to any non-negative integer representing the maximum number of items you want to store in a specific deque. If you supply a negative value to maxlen , then you get a ValueError . Rotating the Items: .rotate() Another interesting feature of deques is the possibility to rotate their elements by calling .rotate() on a non-empty deque. This method takes an integer n as an argument and rotates the items n steps to the right. In other words, it moves n items from the right end to the left end in a circular fashion. The default value of n is 1 . If you provide a negative value to n , then the rotation is to the left: Python >>> from collections import deque >>> ordinals = deque ([ "first" , "second" , "third" ]) >>> # Rotate items to the right >>> ordinals . rotate () >>> ordinals deque(['third', 'first', 'second']) >>> ordinals . rotate ( 2 ) >>> ordinals deque(['first', 'second', 'third']) >>> # Rotate items to the left >>> ordinals . rotate ( - 2 ) >>> ordinals deque(['third', 'first', 'second']) >>> ordinals . rotate ( - 1 ) >>> ordinals deque(['first', 'second', 'third']) In these examples, you rotate ordinals several times using .rotate() with different values of n . If you call .rotate() without an argument, then it relies on the default value of n and rotates the deque 1 position to the right. Calling the method with a negative n allows you to rotate the items to the left. Adding Several Items at Once: .extendleft() Like regular lists, deques provide an .extend() method, which allows you to add several items to the right end of a deque using an iterable as an argument. Additionally, deques have a method called extendleft() , which takes an iterable as an argument and adds its items to the left end of the target deque in one go: Python >>> from collections import deque >>> numbers = deque ([ 1 , 2 ]) >>> # Extend to the right >>> numbers . extend ([ 3 , 4 , 5 ]) >>> numbers deque([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) >>> # Extend to the left >>> numbers . extendleft ([ - 1 , - 2 , - 3 , - 4 , - 5 ]) >>> numbers deque([-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) Calling .extendleft() with an iterable extends the target deque to the left. Internally, .extendleft() performs a series of individual .appendleft() operations that process the input iterable from left to right. This ends up adding the items in reverse order to the left end of the target deque. Remove ads Use Sequence-Like Features of deque Since deques are mutable sequences, they implement almost all the methods and operations that are common to sequences and mutable sequences . So far, you’ve learned about some of these methods and operations, such as .insert() , indexing, membership tests, and others. Here are a few examples of other actions that you can perform on deque objects: Python >>> from collections import deque >>> numbers = deque ([ 1 , 2 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 4 , 5 ]) >>> # Concatenation >>> numbers + deque ([ 6 , 7 , 8 ]) deque([1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]) >>> # Repetition >>> numbers * 2 deque([1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]) >>> # Common sequence methods >>> numbers deque([1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]) >>> numbers . index ( 2 ) 1 >>> numbers . count ( 4 ) 2 >>> # Common mutable sequence methods >>> numbers . reverse () >>> numbers deque([5, 4, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1]) >>> numbers . clear () >>> numbers deque([]) You can use the plus operator ( + ) to return a new deque that’s a concatenation of two existing deques. Similarly, the multiplication operator ( * ) returns a new deque equivalent to repeating the original deque as many times as you specify. Regarding other sequence methods, the following table provides a summary: Method Description .clear() Remove all the elements from a deque. .copy() Create a shallow copy of a deque. .count(value) Count the number of times value appears in the target deque. .index(value) Return the position of value in the deque. .reverse() Reverse the elements of the deque in place, returning None . Here, .index() can also take two optional arguments: start and stop . They allow you to restrict the search to those items at or after start and before stop . The method raises a ValueError if value doesn’t appear in the deque at hand. Unlike lists, deques don’t have a .sort() method to sort the sequence in place. This is because sorting a linked list would be an inefficient operation. If you ever need to sort a deque, then you can still use sorted() . Put Python’s deque Into Action You can use deques in a fair number of use cases, such as to implement queues, stacks, and circular buffers . You can also use them to maintain an undo-redo history, enqueue incoming requests to a web service , keep a list of recently open files and websites, safely exchange data between multiple threads, and more. In the following sections, you’ll code a few quick examples that will help you better understand how to use deques in your code. Keeping a Page History Having a maxlen to restrict the maximum number of items makes deque suitable for solving several problems. For example, say you’re building an application that scrapes data from search engines and social media sites. At some point, you need to keep track of the three last sites your application requested data from. To solve this problem, you can use a deque with a maxlen of 3 items: Python >>> from collections import deque >>> sites = ( ... "google.com" , ... "yahoo.com" , ... "bing.com" ... ) >>> pages = deque ( maxlen = 3 ) >>> pages . maxlen 3 >>> for site in sites : ... pages . appendleft ( site ) ... >>> pages deque(['bing.com', 'yahoo.com', 'google.com'], maxlen=3) >>> pages . appendleft ( "facebook.com" ) >>> pages deque(['facebook.com', 'bing.com', 'yahoo.com'], maxlen=3) >>> pages . appendleft ( "x.com" ) >>> pages deque(['x.com', 'facebook.com', 'bing.com'], maxlen=3) In this example, pages keeps a list of the last three sites your application visited. Once pages is full, adding a new site to the end of the deque automatically discards the site at the opposite end. This behavior keeps your list up to date with the last three sites you used. Note that you can set maxlen to any number of items. For example, if you want to keep a list of ten sites, then you can set maxlen to 10 . Sharing Data Between Threads Python’s deque is also useful when you’re coding multithreaded applications, as described by Raymond Hettinger , core Python developer and creator of deque and the collections module: The deque’s .append() , .appendleft() , .pop() , .popleft() , and len(d) operations are thread-safe in CPython. ( Source ) Because of this, you can safely add and remove data from both ends of a deque simultaneously from separate threads without the risk of data corruption or other associated issues. Note: Although the example below is valid for demonstration purposes, in real-world code, you should keep the following in mind: deque is good for single-threaded or simple multithreaded append and pop usage without blocking. queue.Queue is best when you need blocking .get() and .put() , maxsize , .join() , or multiple producers and consumers with waiting semantics. To try out how deque works in a multithreaded application, open your favorite code editor , create a new script called producer_consumer.py , and add the following code to it: Python producer_consumer.py import logging import random import threading import time from collections import deque logging . basicConfig ( level = logging . INFO , format = " %(message)s " ) def _wait_seconds ( mins , maxs ): time . sleep ( mins + random . random () * ( maxs - mins )) def produce ( queue , size ): while True : if len ( queue ) < size : value = random . randint ( 0 , 9 ) queue . append ( value ) logging . info ( "Produced: %d -> %s " , value , str ( queue )) else : logging . info ( "Queue is saturated" ) _wait_seconds ( 0.1 , 0.5 ) def consume ( queue ): while True : try : value = queue . popleft () except IndexError : logging . info ( "Queue is empty" ) else : logging . info ( "Consumed: %d -> %s " , value , str ( queue )) _wait_seconds ( 0.2 , 0.7 ) logging . info ( "Starting Threads... \n " ) logging . info ( "Press Ctrl+C to interrupt the execution \n " ) shared_queue = deque () threading . Thread ( target = produce , args = ( shared_queue , 10 )) . start () threading . Thread ( target = consume , args = ( shared_queue ,)) . start () In this script, produce() takes a queue and a size as arguments. Then, it uses random.randint() in a while loop to continuously produce random numbers and store them in a global deque called shared_queue . Since appending items to a deque is a thread-safe operation, you don’t need to use a lock to protect the shared data from other threads while one thread is using it. The helper function _wait_seconds() simulates that both produce() and consume() represent long-running operations. It returns a random wait-time value between a given range of seconds, mins and maxs . In consume() , you call .popleft() inside a loop to systematically retrieve and remove data from shared_queue . You wrap the call to .popleft() in a try … except statement to handle those cases in which the shared queue is empty. Note that while you defined shared_queue in the global namespace , you access it through local variables inside produce() and consume() . Accessing the global variable directly would be more problematic and definitely not a best practice . The final two lines in the script create and start separate threads to execute produce() and consume() concurrently . If you run the script from your command line, then you’ll get an output similar to the following: Shell $ python producer_consumer.py Starting Threads... Press Ctrl+C to interrupt the execution Produced: 1 -> deque([1]) Consumed: 1 -> deque([]) Queue is empty Produced: 3 -> deque([3]) Produced: 0 -> deque([3, 0]) Consumed: 3 -> deque([0]) Consumed: 0 -> deque([]) Produced: 1 -> deque([1]) Produced: 0 -> deque([1, 0]) ... The producer thread adds numbers to the right end of the shared deque, while the consumer thread consumes numbers from the left end. To interrupt the script execution, you can press Ctrl + C on your keyboard. Finally, you can play a little bit with the time interval inside produce() and consume() . Change the values you pass to _wait_seconds() , and watch how the program behaves when the producer is slower than the consumer and the other way around. Remove ads Emulating the tail Command Your final example emulates the tail command , which is available on Unix-like operating systems. The command accepts a file path and prints the last ten lines of that file to the system’s standard output. You can tweak the number of lines you need tail to print with the -n , --lines option. Here’s a small Python function that emulates the core functionality of tail : Python >>> from collections import deque >>> def tail ( filename , lines = 10 ): ... try : ... with open ( filename ) as file : ... return deque ( file , maxlen = lines ) ... except OSError as error : ... print ( f 'Opening file " { filename } " failed with error: { error } ' ) ... In this example, you define tail() . The filename argument holds the path to the target file as a string . The lines argument represents the number of lines you want to retrieve from the end of the target file. Note that lines defaults to 10 to simulate the default behavior of tail . Note: The original idea for this example is based on the Python documentation for deque . Refer to the section on deque recipes for additional examples. The deque in the highlighted line can only store up to the number of items you pass to lines . This guarantees that you get the desired number of lines from the end of the input file. As you saw before, when you create a bounded deque and initialize it with an iterable that contains more items than allowed ( maxlen ), the deque constructor discards all the leftmost items in the input. As a result, you end up with the last maxlen lines of the target file. Conclusion You’ve learned that Python’s collections module provides a data type called deque , which is specially designed for fast and memory-efficient append and pop operations on both ends. You’ve explored the deque data structure and its core features, as well as how they differ from regular Python lists. With deque , you can code your own queues and stacks at a low level in an efficient and Pythonic way. In this tutorial, you’ve learned how to: Create and use Python’s deque in your code Efficiently append and pop items from both ends of a deque Use deque to build efficient queues and stacks in Python Decide when to use deque instead of list You also coded a few practical examples that helped you approach some common use cases of deque in Python. Get Your Code: Click here to download the free sample code that shows you how to implement efficient queues and stacks with Python’s deque. Frequently Asked Questions Now that you have some experience with deque in Python, you can use the questions and answers below to check your understanding and recap what you’ve learned. These FAQs are related to the most important concepts you’ve covered in this tutorial. Click the Show/Hide toggle beside each question to reveal the answer. Why should you use deque instead of list for queues or stacks? Show/Hide Use deque when you need O(1) appends and pops on both ends. It’s designed to avoid the costly shifting and memory reallocation you can run into with a list . You can build a FIFO queue with .append() and .popleft() , or a LIFO stack with .append() and .pop() . When should you stick with list instead of deque ? Show/Hide Stick with list when you need fast random indexing and slicing, or when you want in-place sorting with list.sort() . With deque , indexing is O(n) and slicing isn’t available. How do you create a fixed-size deque and what happens when it fills up? Show/Hide You pass maxlen when you construct it, for example: deque(iterable, maxlen=n) . When you append to a full deque, it automatically discards items from the opposite end, and you can check the limit with .maxlen . Are deque operations thread-safe? Show/Hide In CPython, .append() , .appendleft() , .pop() , .popleft() , and len() are thread-safe, so you can push and pop from multiple threads safely. For real-world multithreaded programs—especially when you need blocking behavior—use queue.Queue . Take the Quiz: Test your knowledge with our interactive “Python's deque: Implement Efficient Queues and Stacks” quiz. You’ll receive a score upon completion to help you track your learning progress: Interactive Quiz Python's deque: Implement Efficient Queues and Stacks Use Python's deque for fast queues and stacks. Refresh end operations, maxlen rollover, indexing limits, and thread-safe methods. Mark as Completed Share 🐍 Python Tricks 💌 Get a short & sweet Python Trick delivered to your inbox every couple of days. No spam ever. Unsubscribe any time. Curated by the Real Python team. Send Me Python Tricks » About Leodanis Pozo Ramos Leodanis is a self-taught Python developer, educator, and technical writer with over 10 years of experience. » More about Leodanis Each tutorial at Real Python is created by a team of developers so that it meets our high quality standards. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Alex for Momen Posted on Oct 10, 2024 Live Building a Mobile Auto Repair AI Scheduler with No Code # ai # webdev # tutorial # nocode This is a recap of Momen's livestream. Check how to build an AI scheduler for mobile auto repair! Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Marcelinoson Kamryn Marcelinoson Kamryn Marcelinoson Kamryn Follow Joined Oct 6, 2023 • May 24 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide In this livestream recap, Momen demonstrates how to build a mobile auto repair AI scheduler using no-code tools, perfect for web developers and AI enthusiasts looking to streamline appointment booking without writing complex code. The tutorial walks through integrating AI to intelligently schedule customer requests based on technician availability, location, and service type. For instance, if a customer near the ZTE Service Center Karachi needs urgent mobile repair, the AI scheduler can automatically assign the nearest available technician, optimizing response time and customer satisfaction. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . 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https://docs.midnight.network/develop/tutorial/building/ | Build a DApp | Midnight Docs Skip to main content Docs Compact Academy Blog Release Notes AI search Search Environment Testnet-02 Get started Installation Create an MN App Deploy an MN app Interact with an MN app What is Midnight Concepts Build Tutorials Build using an example Midnight examples repository Build the counter DApp Run the counter DApp The counter contract The counter DApp Build from scratch How to Operate Validate API documentation Troubleshooting Contribute Release notes Glossary Dev diaries Build Tutorials Build using an example On this page Explore with… ▾ Build a DApp Build and deploy decentralized applications (DApps) on the Midnight network. This guide covers toolchain installation, contract compilation, DApp deployment, and node operation. The following example implementation demonstrates a counter contract. Prerequisites Operating System: Linux, macOS, or Windows (via WSL) Node.js: v18 LTS or higher (NVM recommended) Yarn Git Terminal: Bash, Zsh, or compatible shell Disk Space: ≥ 2 GB Network: Internet connection Objectives This guide enables developers to: Install the tools necessary to compile a Midnight contract and DApp from source code Download the example code needed for development Build a simple example from source Run the example and deploy a smart contract Install and run a Midnight network node and its associated Indexer important Use compatible versions of example code and the Compact compiler, as shown in the release compatibility matrix . The final sections examine the Compact code for the example contract and the TypeScript code for the example DApp in detail. Upon completion, developers have built a DApp from source, deployed a contract, and run a non-voting Midnight node connected to the Midnight network. The example contract creates a counter on the ledger and provides a circuit to increment it. The contract enforces only constraints implied by the Counter type. While this example doesn't demonstrate Midnight's full privacy capabilities, it provides the foundation for building and deploying contracts on the Midnight network. Node Many Midnight Testnet features are provided as TypeScript packages, including example applications and APIs. These packages require Node.js as their runtime environment and use npm (Node Package Manager) for dependency management. Node Version Manager (NVM) provides the best way to install and manage Node.js versions because it enables switching between different Node versions for different projects and ensures compatibility with Midnight's requirements. Find installation and troubleshooting instructions on the NVM GitHub site . For macOS users installing via Homebrew, the installation process differs slightly from the standard script installation. Homebrew places NVM in a different directory and requires specific additions to shell profile files for proper initialization. After following NVM installation instructions, verify installation: nvm --version The command displays a version number such as 0.39.5 . If the command isn't found, the shell profile modifications weren't applied correctly. Ensure the NVM initialization script is added to the appropriate shell configuration file ( ~/.bashrc for Bash, ~/.zshrc for Zsh). Install LTS version of Node 18x or greater: nvm install 18 --lts This command downloads and installs the latest Long Term Support version of Node 18. LTS versions receive critical bug fixes and security updates for an extended period, ensuring stability for production applications. The installation includes both Node.js and npm. Set Node 18 as the default version for new terminal sessions: nvm alias default 18 Verify the Node installation: node --version npm --version Caution : After modifying ~/.zshrc , ~/.bashrc , or installing a new Node version using nvm , open a new terminal window. Running source ~/.zshrc might not fully reload the environment and could lead to issues such as ERR_UNSUPPORTED_DIR_IMPORT . This error occurs when Node.js attempts to import ES modules but the environment variables aren't properly configured. Install the Compact developer tools The Compact developer tools manage the installation and updates of the Compact toolchain, including the compiler. These tools solve the complexity of managing multiple compiler versions, platform-specific binaries, and toolchain dependencies. Before these tools existed, developers manually downloaded platform-specific ZIP files, extracted binaries, managed PATH configurations, and repeated this process for each update. Install the developer tools with a single command: curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -LsSf https://github.com/midnightntwrk/compact/releases/latest/download/compact-installer.sh | sh This command performs several operations: Downloads the installation script using secure HTTPS with TLS 1.2 minimum Detects the system architecture (x86_64, ARM64) and operating system Downloads the appropriate binary for the platform Creates the ~/.compact directory structure for toolchain management Installs the compact command-line tool to ~/.cargo/bin or another appropriate location The installation script outputs instructions for adding the binary directory to your PATH environment variable. This step is crucial—without it, the shell cannot find the compact command. The exact instructions depend on your shell and existing PATH configuration. Typically, add a line like this to your shell configuration file: export PATH = " $HOME /.cargo/bin: $PATH " After adding the directory to your PATH , open a new terminal window or reload your shell configuration. Then update to the latest toolchain: compact update This command downloads the latest stable version of the Compact compiler and associated tools. The download includes: The Compact compiler binary Zero-knowledge proving key generator ( zkir ) Platform-specific runtime dependencies Standard library definitions The output shows the installed version: compact: aarch64-darwin -- 0.24.0 -- installed compact: aarch64-darwin -- 0.24.0 -- default. The first line confirms successful installation. The second line indicates this version is now the default for all compilation operations. The tools maintain multiple versions simultaneously, enabling testing with different compiler versions without conflicts. Verify the installation Test the compiler installation to ensure all components are properly configured: compact compile --version This command displays the compiler version number, such as 0.24.0 . The version check confirms: The compact binary is accessible via PATH The default toolchain is properly linked The compiler binary has appropriate execution permissions All required dependencies are present If the command fails, common issues include: PATH not updated : The shell cannot find the compact command. Verify the installation directory is in your PATH and reload your shell configuration No default toolchain : Run compact update to install and set a default compiler version Permission issues : On Unix systems, the binaries might lack execution permissions. The installer should handle this automatically, but manual installation might require chmod +x on the binaries The version number corresponds to the Compact compiler release, not the developer tools version. These versions are independent—developer tools version 0.1.0 might manage compiler version 0.24.0. Refer to the release compatibility matrix for version compatibility between compiler versions and example code. Check for updates Regular update checks ensure access to the latest features, performance improvements, and bug fixes: compact check This command performs a network request to determine available updates. The output varies based on your current state: When updates are available: compact: aarch64-darwin -- Update Available -- 0.24.0 compact: Latest version available: 0.25.0. This indicates version 0.25.0 is available for download. The update might include: New language features for Compact contracts Performance optimizations for proof generation Bug fixes for edge cases in compilation Enhanced error messages for better debugging When current: compact: aarch64-darwin -- Up to date -- 0.24.0 This confirms you're using the latest stable release. Check the Midnight developer announcements for information about upcoming releases and their expected features. The check command only queries for updates without downloading them. This design enables checking for updates in bandwidth-constrained environments or when you need to coordinate updates across a development team. Use the Compact compiler The Compact developer tools provide the standard method to invoke the compiler. Understanding the compilation process helps debug issues and optimize build workflows. Basic compilation The standard compilation command: compact compile < contract file > < output directory > For example: compact compile src/counter.compact src/managed/counter This command triggers several processes: Parsing : The compiler reads and validates the Compact contract syntax Type checking : Ensures type safety across circuits, witnesses, and ledger operations Circuit generation : Converts high-level Compact code into zero-knowledge circuits Proving key generation : Creates cryptographic keys for generating and verifying proofs TypeScript API generation : Produces type-safe interfaces for DApp integration The compilation creates multiple output files in the specified directory: contract/index.d.cts - TypeScript type definitions for the contract API contract/index.cjs - JavaScript implementation of the contract zkir/ - Directory containing the zero-knowledge circuit representations proving-keys/ - Cryptographic keys for proof generation verifying-keys/ - Public keys for proof verification The compiler reports circuit complexity metrics: Circuit 'increment' has complexity: 1234 constraints These metrics indicate the computational cost of generating proofs. Higher constraint counts mean longer proof generation times and higher resource requirements. Optimize circuits to minimize constraints while maintaining security properties. Version-specific compilation Override the default compiler version for testing or compatibility: compact compile +0.23.0 < contract file > < output directory > This feature enables: Testing contracts against different compiler versions Maintaining compatibility with deployed contracts compiled with older versions Gradual migration when new compiler versions introduce breaking changes The version specifier ( +0.23.0 ) must reference an already-installed version. Use compact list --installed to see available versions. Environment variables The Midnight example DApps historically used environment variables for configuration and toolchain location. Understanding these variables helps when working with existing code or debugging build issues. Legacy COMPACT_HOME variable : Previous versions of Midnight examples required setting COMPACT_HOME to point to the compiler directory. The new developer tools eliminate this requirement by managing compiler locations internally. The compact command automatically resolves the correct compiler path based on the selected version. If working with older example code that references COMPACT_HOME , you have two options: Update the build scripts : Replace $COMPACT_HOME/compactc references with compact compile commands Set COMPACT_HOME for compatibility : Export the variable pointing to ~/.compact/bin for temporary backward compatibility Direct compiler access : While not recommended, the installed toolchain binaries reside in ~/.compact/bin/ . This directory contains symbolic links to the current default version's binaries: compactc - The main compiler executable zkir - Zero-knowledge intermediate representation tool Supporting libraries and runtime files Direct invocation bypasses version management benefits. Always prefer using compact compile for: Automatic version selection Consistent behavior across platforms Compatibility with future toolchain updates Integrated error handling and diagnostics Project-specific configuration : Modern Midnight projects should document their compiler version requirements in configuration files rather than relying on environment variables. Consider using: package.json scripts that invoke compact compile with specific versions Build configuration files that specify the required compiler version CI/CD pipelines that install and use specific toolchain versions via compact update This approach ensures reproducible builds across different development environments and team members. Optional: Visual Studio Code extension for Compact Use any editor to create Midnight DApps. Midnight provides a VSCode extension specifically for creating and editing Midnight contracts written in the Compact DSL. The extension transforms VSCode into a specialized Compact development environment with language-aware features that significantly improve productivity and reduce errors. Extension features Syntax highlighting : Color-codes different language elements (keywords, types, functions, comments) for improved readability. The highlighting rules understand Compact-specific constructs like circuit , witness , and ledger declarations. Live, dynamic contract checking : Performs real-time semantic analysis as you type, identifying errors before compilation. This includes: Type checking across circuit boundaries Privacy flow analysis to prevent unintended data disclosure Witness function signature validation Ledger state access verification Debugging assistance : Provides enhanced error messages with suggested fixes. When compilation fails, the extension highlights problematic code sections and offers context-aware solutions. Code completion and IntelliSense : Offers intelligent suggestions for: Standard library functions and types Ledger field access Circuit and witness declarations Import statements for standard modules Templates and snippets : Accelerates development with pre-built patterns for: New contract scaffolding with standard structure Common circuit patterns (authentication, state transitions) Witness function declarations Standard library imports Installation process Download the VSCode extension for Compact from the Midnight Testnet releases repository . The file name follows the pattern compact-x.y.z.vsix for version x.y.z . The VSIX file is a packaged extension format that includes all necessary dependencies. Install the plugin in VSCode: Open the Extensions pane : Click the Extensions icon in the Activity Bar or press Ctrl+Shift+X (Windows/Linux) or Cmd+Shift+X (macOS) Access installation options : Click the ... symbol at the top of the Extensions pane to reveal additional actions Select manual installation : Choose "Install from VSIX..." from the dropdown menu Locate the downloaded file : Navigate to your Downloads folder or wherever you saved the VSIX file Confirm installation : VSCode installs the extension and may prompt for additional permissions VSCode typically activates newly installed extensions immediately. The extension activates automatically when opening files with the .compact extension. Sometimes VSCode prompts for a restart to ensure all language server components initialize properly. Configuration The extension works with default settings but supports customization through VSCode's settings: Compiler path : If not using the standard compact command, specify a custom compiler location Validation level : Adjust the strictness of real-time checking (errors only, include warnings, include suggestions) Format on save : Enable automatic code formatting when saving files Access extension settings through File > Preferences > Settings and search for "Compact" to find all available options. Even if VSCode isn't your primary editor, consider using the VSCode Compact extension for editing Midnight contracts while learning the language. The immediate feedback and intelligent assistance accelerate the learning process and help avoid common mistakes. Manage toolchain versions The Compact developer tools support multiple toolchain versions simultaneously. This capability is essential for maintaining existing contracts while developing new ones, testing compatibility across versions, and gradually migrating to newer compiler releases. List available versions View all versions available for download: compact list Output shows versions and supported platforms: compact: available versions → 0.24.0 - x86_macos, aarch64_macos, x86_linux 0.23.0 - aarch64_macos, x86_linux 0.22.0 - x86_macos, x86_linux The arrow ( → ) indicates the current default version used when running compact compile without a version override. Platform indicators show which architectures support each version: x86_macos - Intel-based Mac computers aarch64_macos - Apple Silicon Macs (M1, M2, M3) x86_linux - Standard Linux on Intel/AMD processors Not all versions support all platforms. Early releases might lack Apple Silicon support, while some versions might skip certain platforms due to build issues. Check installed versions List versions downloaded to your system: compact list --installed Output shows only locally available versions: compact: installed versions → 0.24.0 0.23.0 Installed versions consume disk space (approximately 100-200MB each) but enable offline compilation and instant version switching. Remove unused versions by deleting their directories from ~/.compact/versions/ . Switch between versions Change the default toolchain version: compact update 0.23 .0 This command: Downloads the specified version if not already installed Verifies the download integrity using checksums Updates the symbolic link at ~/.compact/bin to point to the new version Confirms the switch with output showing the new default The switch affects all subsequent compact compile commands unless overridden with the +version syntax. Projects can document their required compiler version in README files or build scripts to ensure consistency across team members. Developer tools maintenance The developer tools update themselves independently from the toolchain. This separation ensures that improvements to the version management system don't require compiler updates, and compiler releases don't force tool updates. The architecture enables the tools to manage multiple compiler versions while maintaining a consistent interface. Check for tool updates Verify if newer developer tools are available: compact self check This command queries the GitHub releases API to identify the latest stable version. The check compares your installed version against the latest release and reports: Current installed version of the developer tools Latest available version Whether an update is recommended The tools check for updates automatically once per day when running any compact command. This passive check doesn't interrupt workflow but notifies about available updates through a brief message after command completion. Update the developer tools Install the latest developer tools version: compact self update The self-update process: Downloads the latest version to a temporary location Verifies the download using cryptographic signatures Replaces the current binary with the new version Preserves all installed toolchains and configuration Self-updates are backward compatible—new tool versions continue to work with existing installed toolchains. This design principle ensures that updating tools never breaks existing projects. When to update Update the developer tools when: New features become available : Future releases include features like compact format for code formatting, compact doc for documentation generation, and compact test for contract testing Bug fixes are released : Tool updates may resolve issues with version management, platform compatibility, or command execution Security updates : Although rare, security updates to the tools themselves should be applied promptly The release notes for each tool version (distinct from compiler release notes) describe new features and important changes. Monitor the Midnight developer announcements for significant tool updates that enhance the development experience. Get help The compact tool provides comprehensive built-in documentation accessible directly from the command line. This integrated help system eliminates the need to search online documentation for basic command syntax and options. General help Access the main help overview: compact help compact --help Both commands display identical output—a complete list of available subcommands with brief descriptions. The help text includes: Subcommand list : All available operations like compile , update , list , check Global options : Flags that apply to all subcommands, such as --directory for specifying the toolchain location Usage examples : Basic command patterns showing typical invocations The help system uses a hierarchical structure. The top-level help provides an overview, while subcommand-specific help offers detailed information about individual operations. Subcommand help Get detailed help for specific operations: compact help update compact update --help Subcommand help includes: Detailed description : Explains what the command does and when to use it Argument specifications : Required and optional parameters with their types Flag descriptions : All available options with their effects Examples : Real-world usage scenarios Related commands : References to similar or complementary operations For compiler-specific help: compact compile --help This displays compiler options including: Input specifications : Supported file formats and contract structures Output options : Directory structure and generated file descriptions Optimization flags : Options for controlling compilation behavior Debug options : Flags for generating additional diagnostic information Version information The tools provide multiple version queries for different components: Developer tools version : compact --version Returns the version of the compact command itself (e.g., 0.1.0 ). This version indicates the capabilities of the version management system. Compiler/toolchain version : compact compile --version Returns the version of the currently selected Compact compiler (e.g., 0.24.0 ). This version determines available language features and compilation behavior. Compact language version : compact compile --language-version Returns the version of the Compact language specification supported by the current compiler. Language versions change less frequently than compiler versions, as they represent the stable language syntax and semantics. Understanding version relationships helps diagnose compatibility issues: Language version : Defines contract syntax and available features Compiler version : Implements a specific language version with particular optimizations Developer tools version : Manages compiler installations and provides development utilities When reporting issues or seeking support, provide all three version numbers for complete context. Edit this page Last updated on Jan 5, 2026 Previous The Impact VM Next Midnight examples repository Prerequisites Objectives Node Install the Compact developer tools Verify the installation Check for updates Use the Compact compiler Basic compilation Version-specific compilation Environment variables Optional: Visual Studio Code extension for Compact Extension features Installation process Configuration Manage toolchain versions List available versions Check installed versions Switch between versions Developer tools maintenance Check for tool updates Update the developer tools When to update Get help General help Subcommand help Version information © 2026 Input Output Global, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Resources Midnight Foundation Glacier Drop Careers Legal Cookie Policy Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Social | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions wellallyTech an AI-powered lifelong health data platform helping individuals and families track, analyze, and optimize their wellness. Joined Joined on Jan 23, 2025 Personal website https://www.wellally.tech/ More info about @wellallytech Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 44 posts published Comment 2 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Digital Gardens: Building a Private Space to Cultivate Your Mental Well-being wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 12 Digital Gardens: Building a Private Space to Cultivate Your Mental Well-being # nextjs # webdev # react # mentalhealth Comments Add Comment 2 min read Want to connect with wellallyTech? Create an account to connect with wellallyTech. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in 3D Anatomy Modeling: Build Interactive Features to Visualize Muscle Engagement wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 12 3D Anatomy Modeling: Build Interactive Features to Visualize Muscle Engagement # frontend # react # threejs # datavisualization Comments Add Comment 2 min read Next.js Performance: How to Optimize Your Blog’s Core Web Vitals for a Faster User Experience wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 11 Next.js Performance: How to Optimize Your Blog’s Core Web Vitals for a Faster User Experience # nextjs # performance # frontend # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read Real-Time Dashboards: Building a Heart Rate Monitor Enhances Remote Health Tracking wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 11 Real-Time Dashboards: Building a Heart Rate Monitor Enhances Remote Health Tracking # node # tutorial # fullstack # react Comments Add Comment 2 min read Component Libraries for Scaling Health Tech: Build a Consistent Dashboard with React, Storybook, and Tailwind wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 10 Component Libraries for Scaling Health Tech: Build a Consistent Dashboard with React, Storybook, and Tailwind # react # frontend # tailwindcss # storybook Comments Add Comment 2 min read Local AI Therapy: Fine-Tuning Mistral-7B on Apple Silicon with MLX & LoRA (M3 Max Performance!) 🚀 wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 10 Local AI Therapy: Fine-Tuning Mistral-7B on Apple Silicon with MLX & LoRA (M3 Max Performance!) 🚀 # ai # python # machinelearning # applesilicon Comments Add Comment 4 min read Offline-First PWAs: Build Resilient Apps That Never Lose Data wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 10 Offline-First PWAs: Build Resilient Apps That Never Lose Data # javascript # pwa # frontend # nextjs 3 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read Accessible Visuals: How Inclusive Charts Empower Patient Health wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 9 Accessible Visuals: How Inclusive Charts Empower Patient Health # frontend # react # a11y # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read Wearable Tech Data + Better Health Insights + Building a Scalable IoT Pipeline on AWS wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 9 Wearable Tech Data + Better Health Insights + Building a Scalable IoT Pipeline on AWS # aws # architecture # serverless # iot Comments Add Comment 3 min read Health Data Visualization: Building High-Performance Charts for Millions of Points wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 8 Health Data Visualization: Building High-Performance Charts for Millions of Points # react # performance # dataviz # frontend Comments Add Comment 2 min read Real-Time Leaderboards: How to Boost Fitness Engagement Through Smart Data Architectures wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 8 Real-Time Leaderboards: How to Boost Fitness Engagement Through Smart Data Architectures # postgres # websockets # performance # node Comments Add Comment 2 min read Workout Plateaus: Predicting Strength Stalls for Smarter Training wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 7 Workout Plateaus: Predicting Strength Stalls for Smarter Training # python # datascience # fitness # forecasting Comments Add Comment 2 min read B2B Wellness Infrastructure: Securing Sensitive Data with Scalable Database Design wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 7 B2B Wellness Infrastructure: Securing Sensitive Data with Scalable Database Design # architecture # database # saas # postgres Comments Add Comment 2 min read HealthTech API Security: Protecting Patient Data with mTLS and OAuth 2.0 wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 6 HealthTech API Security: Protecting Patient Data with mTLS and OAuth 2.0 # architecture # security # api # backend Comments Add Comment 3 min read Voice Journaling for Mental Clarity: How to Build Your Own AI-Powered Reflection Tool wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 6 Voice Journaling for Mental Clarity: How to Build Your Own AI-Powered Reflection Tool # ai # openai # node # mentalhealth Comments Add Comment 2 min read Nutrition Chatbots + Evidence-Based AI: How to Build a Reliable Health Assistant wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 5 Nutrition Chatbots + Evidence-Based AI: How to Build a Reliable Health Assistant # ai # python # api # nutrition Comments Add Comment 2 min read Node.js Scaling: Ensure App Stability with a Resilient Microservices Transformation wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 5 Node.js Scaling: Ensure App Stability with a Resilient Microservices Transformation # architecture # node # kubernetes # scaling Comments Add Comment 2 min read Running Form Tech: Improve Your Gait With This DIY AI Analysis wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 5 Running Form Tech: Improve Your Gait With This DIY AI Analysis # opencv # python # computerscience # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read Nutrition Data APIs: How to Build a High-Performance Search Engine for Wellness Apps wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 4 Nutrition Data APIs: How to Build a High-Performance Search Engine for Wellness Apps # redis # go # performance # backend Comments Add Comment 2 min read Chronotype Discovery: Using Python to Unlock Your Natural Sleep Patterns wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 4 Chronotype Discovery: Using Python to Unlock Your Natural Sleep Patterns # python # datascience # machinelearning # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read AI Calorie Counting: How Computer Vision Is Revolutionizing Personal Nutrition wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 4 AI Calorie Counting: How Computer Vision Is Revolutionizing Personal Nutrition # ai # python # pytorch # computervision Comments Add Comment 2 min read Zero-Knowledge Security: Protecting Patient Privacy Through Client-Side Encryption wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 3 Zero-Knowledge Security: Protecting Patient Privacy Through Client-Side Encryption # privacy # security # react # encryption Comments Add Comment 3 min read Fitness App Architecture: How Asynchronous Processing Creates a Smoother User Experience wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 3 Fitness App Architecture: How Asynchronous Processing Creates a Smoother User Experience # node # architecture # rabbitmq # backend Comments 2 comments 2 min read FHIR Integration: Build Modern Healthcare Apps Using Python and FastAPI wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 3 FHIR Integration: Build Modern Healthcare Apps Using Python and FastAPI # python # api # fastapi # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read AI Meal Planning: How to build structured wellness tools with Next.js and LangChain wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 2 AI Meal Planning: How to build structured wellness tools with Next.js and LangChain # ai # nextjs # langchain # healthtech Comments Add Comment 3 min read React State Management: Choosing the Right Tools for Your Health Dashboard wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 31 '25 React State Management: Choosing the Right Tools for Your Health Dashboard # javascript # tutorial # react # statemanagement Comments Add Comment 2 min read Wearable Data Security: Protect User Privacy by Building a Secure Health Data Pipeline wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 30 '25 Wearable Data Security: Protect User Privacy by Building a Secure Health Data Pipeline # security # reactnative # fullstack # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read Wellness Tech Architecture: How Microservices Help Your App Grow Seamlessly wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 29 '25 Wellness Tech Architecture: How Microservices Help Your App Grow Seamlessly # architecture # microservices # refactorit # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read React Native HealthKit: How to Build a Seamless Health Dashboard wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 29 '25 React Native HealthKit: How to Build a Seamless Health Dashboard # reactnative # healthtech # ios # mobiledev Comments Add Comment 2 min read Habit Consistency + Digital Wellness: Building a Custom React Goal Streak wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 29 '25 Habit Consistency + Digital Wellness: Building a Custom React Goal Streak # react # javascript # tutorial # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read Personal Productivity: How to Forecast Your Peak Focus Hours with Data wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 28 '25 Personal Productivity: How to Forecast Your Peak Focus Hours with Data # tutorial # python # machinelearning # datascience Comments Add Comment 2 min read Cognitive Distortions: Use AI to Identify and Challenge Negative Thinking wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 27 '25 Cognitive Distortions: Use AI to Identify and Challenge Negative Thinking # ai # nlp # python # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 2 min read Oura Integration: Build High-Performance Health Apps with Next.js and React Query wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 27 '25 Oura Integration: Build High-Performance Health Apps with Next.js and React Query # react # nextjs # api # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read Wearable Data Performance: How to Build Fluid Health Dashboards wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 26 '25 Wearable Data Performance: How to Build Fluid Health Dashboards # react # performance # javascript # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read Scalable Wellness Data: Use the CQRS Pattern to Build Faster Health Dashboards wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 26 '25 Scalable Wellness Data: Use the CQRS Pattern to Build Faster Health Dashboards # architecture # systemdesign # cqrs # database Comments Add Comment 3 min read Wearable Data Pipelines: Scaling Real-Time Health Insights for Connected Devices wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 26 '25 Wearable Data Pipelines: Scaling Real-Time Health Insights for Connected Devices # systemdesign # architecture # kafka # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read Web Bluetooth Guide: How to Build a Real-Time Heart Rate Dashboard wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 25 '25 Web Bluetooth Guide: How to Build a Real-Time Heart Rate Dashboard # 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ai # python # project # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read Developer Burnout: How Your Git History Can Improve Your Well-Beinga wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 24 '25 Developer Burnout: How Your Git History Can Improve Your Well-Beinga # python # datascience # mentalhealth # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 2 min read Activity Rings: Build Your Own Health Dashboard with React and SVG wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 23 '25 Activity Rings: Build Your Own Health Dashboard with React and SVG # ai # frontend # animation # datavisualization Comments Add Comment 2 min read Gamified Fitness UI: How to Turn Health Data Into Motivation wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 10 '25 Gamified Fitness UI: How to Turn Health Data Into Motivation # ai # react # reactnative Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/sivarampg/cowork-claude-code-for-the-rest-of-your-work-3hjp#example-use-cases | Cowork: Claude Code for the Rest of Your Work - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Sivaram Posted on Jan 13 Cowork: Claude Code for the Rest of Your Work # ai # software # productivity # tooling Anthropic just dropped something interesting, and it's not just another AI chatbot. It's called Cowork , and it might represent where AI agents are heading next. What is Cowork? Cowork is essentially "Claude Code for the rest of your work" — a general-purpose AI agent that can work with files on your computer without requiring you to write a single line of code. Think of it this way: Claude Code was built for developers to automate coding tasks. But Anthropic noticed something interesting — developers were using it for everything else: vacation research, building slide decks, cleaning up email, cancelling subscriptions, recovering wedding photos from hard drives, monitoring plant growth, and even controlling ovens. So they stripped away the terminal interface and built Cowork — a visual, approachable version that anyone can use. How It Works The workflow is refreshingly simple: Grant folder access — You give Claude access to a specific folder on your computer Describe what you need — Tell Claude what you want in plain language Let it work — Claude makes a plan, executes steps in parallel, and keeps you updated on progress Get results — Claude reads, edits, or creates files as needed Example Use Cases Here's what you can do with Cowork: Reorganize your downloads folder — Sort and rename files intelligently Create expense reports — Turn a pile of receipt screenshots into a structured spreadsheet Draft reports — Synthesize scattered notes into a coherent first draft File organization — Clean up your desktop or organize documents by project Real-World Performance: 320 Podcast Transcripts in 15 Minutes Lenny Rachitsky put Cowork to the test with a substantial task — analyzing 320 podcast transcripts to extract key insights. Here's what happened: The Task: "Go through every Lenny's Podcast episode and pull out the 10 most important themes and lessons for product builders. Then give me the 10 most counterintuitive truths." The Setup: Lenny gave Claude access to a folder containing 320 podcast transcripts. The Result: 15 minutes later, Claude delivered: The 10 Most Important Themes from Lenny's Podcast Activation Is Everything — Slack's "2,000 messages" moment, Gamma's 30-second magic. Get users to value fast. Storytelling as a Superpower — Compelling narratives align organizations better than documents. Positioning Is Strategy, Not Marketing — April Dunford's 5-step framework that starts with competitive alternatives, not messaging. Product Discovery Before Delivery — Teresa Torres' Opportunity Solution Trees and Marty Cagan's Four Risks framework. Talk to customers weekly, not quarterly. Ruthless Prioritization — Shreyas Doshi's LNO Framework (Leverage/Neutral/Overhead) and focusing on opportunity cost over ROI. AI is Transforming Product Development — Model maximalism, evals as core PM skill, CEOs becoming ICs again. Empowered Teams vs. Feature Factories — Marty Cagan's distinction: give teams problems to solve, not features to build. Build Your Operating System — Claire Hughes Johnson's framework for founding documents, operating cadence, and decision frameworks. Pre-Mortems and Risk Anticipation — Shreyas Doshi's technique to surface failure modes before they happen. Small Teams, Outsized Impact — Jason Fried's 2-person/6-week constraints, Shopify's pair programming culture. The 10 Most Counterintuitive Truths Fear Gives Bad Advice — Do the Opposite — Whatever you're afraid to do (hard conversation, telling board bad news) is exactly what you should do. Adding Friction Can INCREASE Conversion — Adding personalization questions to signup improved Amplitude's conversion by 5%. Fewer Features = More Value — The Walkman succeeded because Sony REMOVED recording. QuickBooks wins with half the features at double the price. Adding People Makes You Slower (Absolutely) — Companies produce MORE total output after layoffs. Coordination overhead is silent killer. What Customers Say They Want Is Meaningless — 93% said they wanted energy-efficient homes. Nobody bought them. "Bitchin' ain't switchin'." Goals Are Not Strategy — They're Opposite — Richard Rumelt says confusing goals for strategy is most common strategic error. OKRs are often just wish lists. Don't A/B Test Your Big Bets — Instagram and Airbnb actively reject testing for transformational changes. You can't A/B test your way to greatness. Your Gut IS Data — Intuition is compressed experiential learning that isn't statistically significant yet. Don't discount it. By the Time You're Thinking About Quitting, It's Too Late — Stewart Butterfield killed Glitch while it was still growing 6-7% weekly. That's why he could start Slack. Most PMs Are Overpaid and Unnecessary — Marty Cagan himself says feature teams don't need PMs. Nikita Bier calls PM "not real." Lenny's verdict: "This is a substantial task - 320 podcast transcripts to analyze!" That's impressive — processing 320 transcripts and synthesizing them into actionable insights in just 15 minutes. The Mind-Blowing Part Here's the detail that's getting attention: Cowork was reportedly built in about a week and a half, and much of it was written by Claude Code itself. That's right — Anthropic's AI coding agent helped build its own non-technical sibling product. It's a recursive improvement loop happening in real-time, and it shows how AI tools can accelerate their own development. Integration with Your Existing Tools Cowork doesn't work in isolation. It integrates with: Connectors — Link Claude to tools like Asana, Notion, Canva, Linear, and more Skills — Specialized capabilities for working with Excel, presentations, or following brand guidelines Chrome extension — Complete tasks that require browser access This means Claude can pull real data from your project management tools, generate documents in your preferred formats, and maintain context across your entire workflow. Safety First Anthropic is being upfront about the risks: Controlled access — Claude can only access files you explicitly grant it access to Confirmation prompts — Claude asks before taking significant actions Clear instructions matter — Vague prompts could lead to unintended actions (like deleting files) Prompt injection risks — Like all AI agents, there are concerns about malicious content trying to hijack the agent They recommend starting with non-sensitive files while you learn how it works. Availability Right now, Cowork is available as a research preview for: Claude Max subscribers ($100-$200/month) on macOS Waitlist available for users on other plans Windows support and broader availability are coming later. What This Means for the Future Cowork represents an interesting shift in AI — moving from chatbots that just talk to you, toward agents that can actually do things for you. It's not about replacing developers or knowledge workers; it's about giving them an AI collaborator that can handle the repetitive, time-consuming tasks that get in the way of real work. The fact that Claude Code helped build Cowork shows how AI tools can compound each other's capabilities. We're seeing the beginning of AI systems that can build, improve, and extend themselves. If you're on Claude Max with a Mac, you can try Cowork today by clicking "Cowork" in the Claude Desktop sidebar. Everyone else can join the waitlist and see what the future of AI-assisted work looks like. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Sivaram Follow Full Stack Engineer. Consultant. Designing & Developing Blockchain & AI E2E Solutions. De-risking Ambiguity. OSS Location India Joined Oct 5, 2023 More from Sivaram Building Reliable RAG Systems # rag # architecture # tutorial # ai The Ralph Wiggum Approach: Running AI Coding Agents for Hours (Not Minutes) # webdev # productivity # ai # agents How the Creator of Claude Code Uses Claude Code: A Complete Breakdown # ai # webdev # programming # productivity 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/aws-builders/sql-vs-nosql-understand-the-difference-and-know-when-to-use-each-1ak8 | SQL vs NoSQL: Understand the difference and know when to use each! - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Carlos Filho for AWS Community Builders Posted on Aug 27, 2024 SQL vs NoSQL: Understand the difference and know when to use each! # sql # nosql # aws # awsbuilder The video is in Portuguese (BR), but I'll leave the content below in English, which is the same thing I covered in the video! I hope you enjoy it. Today I will discuss two important points: SQL and NoSQL. I'll explain when you should choose one or the other, with tips to help you make the best decision for your cloud projects. Let's go! This article was requested by @whimsicalbison Relational Databases (SQL) Relational databases store data in tables with rows and columns, where the data is structured and follows a rigid schema. They use SQL (Structured Query Language) to manage and query data, and each table has a well-defined relationship with other tables. Main features Data Structuring is highly structured, with a predefined schema that imposes rigor on data types. Integrity and Normalization are focused on ensuring that data is consistent and with minimal redundancy. ACID Transactions guarantees Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability, which means that transactions are safe and reliable. Examples: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server. When to use Scenarios where data consistency is critical, such as financial applications, ERP systems, e-commerce, etc., where data must be accurate and consistent. Systems with complex relationships that relational is an excellent choice if your data model involves many relationships between entities, such as products and orders in e-commerce. Complex Queries when you need to perform advanced queries involving complex joins and aggregations, SQL is highly optimized for this. Non-relational databases (NoSQL) Non-relational databases do not follow the rigid table model of relational databases. They are more flexible, designed to handle large volumes of distributed data, and are widely used for unstructured or semi-structured data. Types of NoSQL Models: Documents: When it stores data in documents (such as JSON or BSON), such as MongoDB, CouchDB. Columnar: When it stores data in columns rather than rows, optimizing for large volumes of data and fast queries. E.g. Cassandra, HBase. Key-Value: When data is stored as key and value pairs. E.g. Redis, DynamoDB. Graphs: Especially useful for data involving many interconnections and complex relationships, such as social networks. Such as Neo4j. Main features: Schema Flexibility does not require a predefined schema, allowing easy adjustment as data changes. Horizontal Scalability has better scalability for large volumes of distributed data. High Availability has many NoSQL databases prioritize high availability, which is great for applications that require continuous operations. Examples: MongoDB, Cassandra, Redis, Neo4j. When to use what? Relational Database (SQL) is the best choice if: You have a well-defined and structured data model and need to guarantee integrity and consistency. You are working in a complex transaction scenario (e-commerce, banking, business management systems). Your queries are intensive and require complex aggregations and joins. Non-Relational Database (NoSQL) is ideal when: You need to scale quickly, especially with large volumes of unstructured data. Your application requires high data flexibility and you need to adapt your schema dynamically. Availability and read/write speed are more important than strict real-time consistency (e.g. social networks, big data analysis, IoT). Which is the best? The choice between a relational and non-relational database depends on the specific needs of your project. There is no “best” solution in absolute terms, as both models have their advantages. Thanks for reading and watching! Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Jack Jack Jack Follow Former software engineer, now in DevOps/Cloud Engineering since 2017. Passionate about the environment, running long distances, backpacking, and veganism. Always seeking sustainable solutions Location Florida Pronouns he/him Work Senior Manager: Cloud Engineering @ Spoonflower / Shutterfly Joined May 17, 2024 • Aug 28 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for posting this, I really appreciate it! I especially liked that you gave scenarios of when to use each and illustrating that both have their various use cases Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse AWS Community Builders Follow Build On! Would you like to become an AWS Community Builder? Learn more about the program and apply to join when applications are open next. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Antonov Mike Posted on Feb 5, 2024 • Edited on Jul 4, 2024 Odoo security concept # python # beginners # odoo # security What is Odoo? (2 Part Series) 1 Odoo security concept 2 Odoo General settings: Technical /*Disclaimer I haven't written tutorials for a few years, and recently a fellow friend advised me to learn Odoo and look for a job in this field, so I decided to practice and rewrite Odoo security concept in a different style. I'm sure I've lost the skill to do this kind of work and might have missed some details. In any case, reasoned criticism in an acceptable form is welcome.*/ Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Sources: Chapter 5 Security intro Security in Odoo General Info The security concept in Odoo is based on the mechanism of user groups and access rights. Access rights define which users can view, create, modify or delete records in the database. User groups unite users with common access rights. A user can belong to multiple groups, and each group can have its own access rights. Access Rights These are access rights that define what operations (create, read, update, delete) a user can perform on data models. Access Rights are applied at the model level, i.e. to all records in the model. Access Rights are defined in the file ir.model.access.access.csv , which must be located in the security folder of the module. The file ir.model.access.csv contains the following fields: id – unique identifier of access right name – access right description model_id – model to which the right of access applies group_id – user group to which the right of access is granted perm_read – read permission (1 or 0) perm_write – update permission (1 or 0) perm_create – create permission (1 or 0) perm_unlink – delete permission (1 or 0) For example, to give the "Library / User" user group the right to read and create books, but not to update and delete them, you can add the following line to the file ir.model.access.csv : id name model_id:id group_id:id perm_read perm_write perm_create perm_unlink access_library_book_user library.book.user model_library_book library.group_library_user 1 0 1 0 When No Access Rights Are Specified If we run the program without defined access rights for a module, we will see a warning in the terminal, for example, the following: 2024-02-02 11:48:53,572 2533261 WARNING rd-mydb odoo.modules.loading: The models [ 'estate_property' ] have no access rules in module estate, consider adding some, like: id ,name,model_id:id,group_id:id,perm_read,perm_write,perm_create,perm_unlink estate.access_estate_property,access_estate_property,estate.model_estate_property,base.group_user,1,0,0,0 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode To add access rights for a module, you must create a file named ir.model.access.csv in the security folder of the current module, for example estate/security/ir.model.access.csv . In this file, you can define different access rights for different user groups. For example, you can define that the user group "managers" has the right to read, write and delete records, while the user group "users" has only the right to read. Access rights without groups Creating access rights You can define access rights in the file security/ir.model.access.csv using the following format: id name model_id:id group_id:id perm_read perm_write perm_create perm_unlink access_estate_property_user access_estate_property_user model_estate_property 1 0 0 0 access_estate_property_manager access_estate_property_manager model_estate_property 1 1 1 1 If there is an entry in the group_id field, for example group_estate_manager or estate.group_estate_manager , then the rules for it are defined in the security/security.xml file. But for now we'll leave the group_id field empty, so that the rule will apply to all users. In this example we define two types of access: one for regular users ( access_estate_property_user ), which is read-only ( perm_read=1 ), and one for managers ( access_estate_property_manager ), which has all permissions. Once this file is created, you need to make sure it is included in the manifest of the current module. Add the file path to the 'data' section of the manifest. File estate/__manifest__.py : { ... ' data ' : [ ' security/ir.model.access.csv ' ], ... } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Installing or updating a module Odoo will automatically apply these access rights to the appropriate data models. For example, you can use the command to update -u estate : ./odoo-bin --addons-path = "addons, custom" -d rd-mydb -u estate Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If you have correctly created access rights for your module, the warning will no longer appear in the terminal. Csv fields, identifiers and references Fields of the csv file The "id" and "name" fields in the ir.model.access.csv file are required and they must be unique. They are used to identify the access rule. "id" This is a unique identifier for the access rule. You can choose any value, but it must be unique in the context of the entire ir.model.access.csv file. In our case, access_estate_property_user and access_estate_property_manager are unique identifiers for two different access rules. "name" This is the name for the access rule. It is usually the same as "id", but can be different if you want to use a name that describes the rule in more detail. In our case, access_estate_property_user and access_estate_property_manager are also names for two different access rules. "model_id:id" Refers to the data model to which the access rule applies. In our case, model_estate_property is a reference to the data model that was defined in the "TestModel" class using the _name attribute. File estate/models/estate_test.py : class TestModel ( models . Model ): _name = " estate_property " Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode "group_id:id" Refers to the user group to which the access rule applies. If this field is left empty, the rule applies to all users. This may be convenient for testing, but in real situations it is necessary to restrict access to the model for certain groups of users. For this purpose you can use existing groups from the base module, for example, base.group_user or base.group_system , or you can create your own groups in the file security.xml . Identifiers In Odoo, model_id:id and group_id:id are used to refer to external model and group identifiers. The : is used to separate the name of the external identifier ( model_id or group_id ) from the identifier itself. The usual way of naming a model in Odoo is model_<model_name> , where <model_name> is the _name of the model, where . is replaced by _ . For example, sale.order becomes model_sale_order . Similarly, group_id:id refers to the group that will apply the access right. The value of id here is the group's external identifier, which was created automatically when the group was created. This approach allows you to reference a model or group without knowing their internal identifiers in the database. Reference to a group The reference can be either to a group within the "estate" module ( group_estate_manager ), or to the same group but from another module ( estate.group_estate_manager ). The format group_estate_manager without the module prefix is usually used within a module where it refers to a group defined in the current module. In the latter case, estate is the name of the module and group_estate_manager is the group identifier within that module. Access rights for groups Creating a "group_id" Instead of using existing groups from the base module, such as base.group_user or base.group_system , you can create your own groups: In estate/security/security.xml create two user groups using the <record> tag and specify their IDs, names, categories, and parent groups (if any): <odoo> <record id= "group_estate_manager" model= "res.groups" > <field name= "name" > Estate Manager </field> <field name= "category_id" ref= "base.module_category_hidden" /> <field name= "implied_ids" eval= "[(4, ref('base.group_user'))]" /> </record> <record id= "group_estate_user" model= "res.groups" > <field name= "name" > Estate User </field> <field name= "category_id" ref= "base.module_category_hidden" /> <field name= "implied_ids" eval= "[(4, ref('base.group_user'))]" /> </record> </odoo> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The parent groups for each of the created groups group_estate_manager and group_estate_user are specified here. This is done using the implied_ids field. For each group, it is specified that they include the base.group_user group, which is the default user group in Odoo. So any user who is in the group_estate_manager or group_estate_user group will automatically also be in the base.group_user group. In the file estate/security/ir.model.access.csv set external identifiers for user groups estate.group_estate_manager и estate.group_estate_user : id name model_id:id group_id:id perm_read perm_write perm_create perm_unlink access_estate_property_user access_estate_property_user model_estate_property group_estate_user 1 0 0 0 access_estate_property_manager access_estate_property_manager model_estate_property group_estate_manager 1 1 1 1 In the estate/manifest.py file, add the paths to the files estate/security/security.xml and estate/security/ir.model.access.csv to the 'data' list so that they will be loaded when the module is installed: ' data ' : [ ' security/security.xml ' , ' security/ir.model.access.csv ' , ], Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Then restart Odoo with a command like ./odoo-bin --addons-path="addons, custom" -d rd-mydb -u estate The module is now running with updated access rights. Example of demo module File custom/estate/models/estate_test.py from odoo import fields , models class TestModel ( models . Model ): _name = " estate_property " _description = " Estate test module " name = fields . Char ( required = True ) description = fields . Text () postcode = fields . Char () date_availability = fields . Date () expected_price = fields . Float ( required = True , help = " Some helpful information " ) selling_price = fields . Float () bedrooms = fields . Integer () living_area = fields . Integer () facades = fields . Integer () garage = fields . Boolean () garden = fields . Boolean () garden_area = fields . Integer () garden_orientation = fields . Selection ( string = " Type " , required = False , selection = [( ' south ' , ' South ' ), ( ' north ' , ' North ' ), ( ' east ' , ' East ' ), ( ' west ' , ' West ' )], ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode File custom/estate/__manifest__.py { ' name ' : " estate " , ' version ' : ' 1.0 ' , ' license ' : ' LGPL-3 ' , ' depends ' : [ ' base ' ], ' author ' : " Author Name " , ' category ' : ' Estate ' , ' description ' : """ Description Text """ , # data files always loaded at installation ' data ' : [ ' security/security.xml ' , ' security/ir.model.access.csv ' , ' views/estate_view.xml ' , ' views/estate_menu.xml ' , ], # data files containing optionally loaded demonstration data ' demo ' : [], } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode File custom/estate/__init__.py from . import models Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode File custom/estate/models/__init__.py from . import estate_test Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode File security/security.xml <odoo> <record id= "group_estate_manager" model= "res.groups" > <field name= "name" > Estate Manager </field> <field name= "category_id" ref= "base.module_category_hidden" /> <field name= "implied_ids" eval= "[(4, ref('base.group_user'))]" /> </record> <record id= "group_estate_user" model= "res.groups" > <field name= "name" > Estate User </field> <field name= "category_id" ref= "base.module_category_hidden" /> <field name= "implied_ids" eval= "[(4, ref('base.group_user'))]" /> </record> </odoo> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode File security/ir.model.access.csv id name model_id:id group_id:id perm_read perm_write perm_create perm_unlink access_estate_property_user access_estate_property_user model_estate_property group_estate_user 1 0 0 0 access_estate_property_manager access_estate_property_manager model_estate_property group_estate_manager 1 1 1 1 What is Odoo? (2 Part Series) 1 Odoo security concept 2 Odoo General settings: Technical Top comments (4) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow Software Engineer / Frontend Developer / Full Stack Developer - writes about JavaScript, Php, Python and more Location United Kingdom Pronouns He/Him Joined Oct 8, 2023 • Apr 4 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide thanks for the explanation Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Antonov Mike Antonov Mike Antonov Mike Follow Rust / Python enthusiast. Seeking my way in development. Love back-end and command line. Guitar and bass player, songwriter, artist Location Tbilisi, Georgia Education Self educated Work Part-time backend developer Joined Jul 16, 2022 • Apr 4 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I'm glad you liked it. I can see that you have a lot more experience than I do, so that's even surprising Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Jeevachaithanyan Sivanandan Follow Software Engineer / Frontend Developer / Full Stack Developer - writes about JavaScript, Php, Python and more Location United Kingdom Pronouns He/Him Joined Oct 8, 2023 • Sep 29 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide no one is perfect, one can always learn from others Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Antonov Mike Antonov Mike Antonov Mike Follow Rust / Python enthusiast. Seeking my way in development. Love back-end and command line. Guitar and bass player, songwriter, artist Location Tbilisi, Georgia Education Self educated Work Part-time backend developer Joined Jul 16, 2022 • Sep 29 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Learn or degrade 😅 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Antonov Mike Follow Rust / Python enthusiast. Seeking my way in development. Love back-end and command line. Guitar and bass player, songwriter, artist Location Tbilisi, Georgia Education Self educated Work Part-time backend developer Joined Jul 16, 2022 More from Antonov Mike Event Loop: Call Stack, Web API, Task Queue, Microtask Queue # javascript # beginners Odoo General settings: Technical # odoo # webdev # beginners Composition in Rust and Python # rust # python # programming # beginners 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/sivarampg/cowork-claude-code-for-the-rest-of-your-work-3hjp#what-is-cowork | Cowork: Claude Code for the Rest of Your Work - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Sivaram Posted on Jan 13 Cowork: Claude Code for the Rest of Your Work # ai # software # productivity # tooling Anthropic just dropped something interesting, and it's not just another AI chatbot. It's called Cowork , and it might represent where AI agents are heading next. What is Cowork? Cowork is essentially "Claude Code for the rest of your work" — a general-purpose AI agent that can work with files on your computer without requiring you to write a single line of code. Think of it this way: Claude Code was built for developers to automate coding tasks. But Anthropic noticed something interesting — developers were using it for everything else: vacation research, building slide decks, cleaning up email, cancelling subscriptions, recovering wedding photos from hard drives, monitoring plant growth, and even controlling ovens. So they stripped away the terminal interface and built Cowork — a visual, approachable version that anyone can use. How It Works The workflow is refreshingly simple: Grant folder access — You give Claude access to a specific folder on your computer Describe what you need — Tell Claude what you want in plain language Let it work — Claude makes a plan, executes steps in parallel, and keeps you updated on progress Get results — Claude reads, edits, or creates files as needed Example Use Cases Here's what you can do with Cowork: Reorganize your downloads folder — Sort and rename files intelligently Create expense reports — Turn a pile of receipt screenshots into a structured spreadsheet Draft reports — Synthesize scattered notes into a coherent first draft File organization — Clean up your desktop or organize documents by project Real-World Performance: 320 Podcast Transcripts in 15 Minutes Lenny Rachitsky put Cowork to the test with a substantial task — analyzing 320 podcast transcripts to extract key insights. Here's what happened: The Task: "Go through every Lenny's Podcast episode and pull out the 10 most important themes and lessons for product builders. Then give me the 10 most counterintuitive truths." The Setup: Lenny gave Claude access to a folder containing 320 podcast transcripts. The Result: 15 minutes later, Claude delivered: The 10 Most Important Themes from Lenny's Podcast Activation Is Everything — Slack's "2,000 messages" moment, Gamma's 30-second magic. Get users to value fast. Storytelling as a Superpower — Compelling narratives align organizations better than documents. Positioning Is Strategy, Not Marketing — April Dunford's 5-step framework that starts with competitive alternatives, not messaging. Product Discovery Before Delivery — Teresa Torres' Opportunity Solution Trees and Marty Cagan's Four Risks framework. Talk to customers weekly, not quarterly. Ruthless Prioritization — Shreyas Doshi's LNO Framework (Leverage/Neutral/Overhead) and focusing on opportunity cost over ROI. AI is Transforming Product Development — Model maximalism, evals as core PM skill, CEOs becoming ICs again. Empowered Teams vs. Feature Factories — Marty Cagan's distinction: give teams problems to solve, not features to build. Build Your Operating System — Claire Hughes Johnson's framework for founding documents, operating cadence, and decision frameworks. Pre-Mortems and Risk Anticipation — Shreyas Doshi's technique to surface failure modes before they happen. Small Teams, Outsized Impact — Jason Fried's 2-person/6-week constraints, Shopify's pair programming culture. The 10 Most Counterintuitive Truths Fear Gives Bad Advice — Do the Opposite — Whatever you're afraid to do (hard conversation, telling board bad news) is exactly what you should do. Adding Friction Can INCREASE Conversion — Adding personalization questions to signup improved Amplitude's conversion by 5%. Fewer Features = More Value — The Walkman succeeded because Sony REMOVED recording. QuickBooks wins with half the features at double the price. Adding People Makes You Slower (Absolutely) — Companies produce MORE total output after layoffs. Coordination overhead is silent killer. What Customers Say They Want Is Meaningless — 93% said they wanted energy-efficient homes. Nobody bought them. "Bitchin' ain't switchin'." Goals Are Not Strategy — They're Opposite — Richard Rumelt says confusing goals for strategy is most common strategic error. OKRs are often just wish lists. Don't A/B Test Your Big Bets — Instagram and Airbnb actively reject testing for transformational changes. You can't A/B test your way to greatness. Your Gut IS Data — Intuition is compressed experiential learning that isn't statistically significant yet. Don't discount it. By the Time You're Thinking About Quitting, It's Too Late — Stewart Butterfield killed Glitch while it was still growing 6-7% weekly. That's why he could start Slack. Most PMs Are Overpaid and Unnecessary — Marty Cagan himself says feature teams don't need PMs. Nikita Bier calls PM "not real." Lenny's verdict: "This is a substantial task - 320 podcast transcripts to analyze!" That's impressive — processing 320 transcripts and synthesizing them into actionable insights in just 15 minutes. The Mind-Blowing Part Here's the detail that's getting attention: Cowork was reportedly built in about a week and a half, and much of it was written by Claude Code itself. That's right — Anthropic's AI coding agent helped build its own non-technical sibling product. It's a recursive improvement loop happening in real-time, and it shows how AI tools can accelerate their own development. Integration with Your Existing Tools Cowork doesn't work in isolation. It integrates with: Connectors — Link Claude to tools like Asana, Notion, Canva, Linear, and more Skills — Specialized capabilities for working with Excel, presentations, or following brand guidelines Chrome extension — Complete tasks that require browser access This means Claude can pull real data from your project management tools, generate documents in your preferred formats, and maintain context across your entire workflow. Safety First Anthropic is being upfront about the risks: Controlled access — Claude can only access files you explicitly grant it access to Confirmation prompts — Claude asks before taking significant actions Clear instructions matter — Vague prompts could lead to unintended actions (like deleting files) Prompt injection risks — Like all AI agents, there are concerns about malicious content trying to hijack the agent They recommend starting with non-sensitive files while you learn how it works. Availability Right now, Cowork is available as a research preview for: Claude Max subscribers ($100-$200/month) on macOS Waitlist available for users on other plans Windows support and broader availability are coming later. What This Means for the Future Cowork represents an interesting shift in AI — moving from chatbots that just talk to you, toward agents that can actually do things for you. It's not about replacing developers or knowledge workers; it's about giving them an AI collaborator that can handle the repetitive, time-consuming tasks that get in the way of real work. The fact that Claude Code helped build Cowork shows how AI tools can compound each other's capabilities. We're seeing the beginning of AI systems that can build, improve, and extend themselves. If you're on Claude Max with a Mac, you can try Cowork today by clicking "Cowork" in the Claude Desktop sidebar. Everyone else can join the waitlist and see what the future of AI-assisted work looks like. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Sivaram Follow Full Stack Engineer. Consultant. Designing & Developing Blockchain & AI E2E Solutions. De-risking Ambiguity. OSS Location India Joined Oct 5, 2023 More from Sivaram Building Reliable RAG Systems # rag # architecture # tutorial # ai The Ralph Wiggum Approach: Running AI Coding Agents for Hours (Not Minutes) # webdev # productivity # ai # agents How the Creator of Claude Code Uses Claude Code: A Complete Breakdown # ai # webdev # programming # productivity 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://docs.github.com/en/contributing | Contributing to GitHub Docs documentation - GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Free, Pro, & Team Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar Contribute to GitHub Docs Home Contribute to GitHub Docs Writing for GitHub Docs Best practices for GitHub Docs Documentation philosophy Documentation fundamentals Content design principles Write content to be translated Make content findable Versioning documentation Markdown and Liquid YAML frontmatter Use videos Create reusable content Create screenshots Create diagrams Create tool switchers Configure redirects Change an article's title Annotate code examples Templates Style guide and content model Style guide About the content model Contents of an article About topics Conceptual content type Referential content type Procedural content type Troubleshooting content type Release note content type Quickstart content type Tutorial content type Combining multiple types Collaborate on GitHub Docs About contributing Using Git Using the TODOCS placeholder Using the content linter Label reference Your working environment Working in a codespace Create a local environment Troubleshooting your environment Contributing to GitHub Docs documentation Learn about how the GitHub Docs team creates documentation and how you can contribute. Start here Best practices for GitHub Docs Follow these best practices to create documentation that's user-friendly and easy to understand. Style guide Follow this guide to make sure GitHub's documentation stays consistent and follows clear patterns that our readers can understand. About the content model The content model describes the structure and types of content that we publish. About contributing to GitHub Docs You can contribute to GitHub Docs content in several ways. All Contribute to GitHub Docs docs Writing for GitHub Docs Best practices for GitHub Docs About GitHub's documentation philosophy About GitHub's documentation fundamentals Content design principles Writing content to be translated Making content findable in search Versioning documentation Using Markdown and Liquid in GitHub Docs Using YAML frontmatter Using videos in GitHub Docs Creating reusable content Creating screenshots Creating diagrams for GitHub Docs Creating tool switchers in articles Configuring redirects Changing an article's title Annotating code examples Templates Style guide and content model Style guide About the content model Contents of a GitHub Docs article About topics Conceptual content type Referential content type Procedural content type Troubleshooting content type Release note content type Quickstart content type Tutorial content type About combining multiple content types Collaborating on GitHub Docs About contributing to GitHub Docs Using Git on GitHub Docs Using the TODOCS placeholder to leave notes Using the content linter Label reference Setting up your environment to work on GitHub Docs Working on GitHub Docs in a codespace Creating a local environment Troubleshooting your environment Help and support Did you find what you needed? Yes No Privacy policy Help us make these docs great! All GitHub docs are open source. See something that's wrong or unclear? Submit a pull request. Make a contribution Learn how to contribute Still need help? Ask the GitHub community Contact support Legal © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Status Pricing Expert services Blog | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://dev.to/aws-heroes/what-do-cloud-services-and-jam-have-in-common-1d7e | What Do Cloud Services and Jam Have in Common? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Renato Losio 💭💥 for AWS Heroes Posted on Apr 25, 2023 What Do Cloud Services and Jam Have in Common? # jokes # beginners # cloud # aws In this short video I talk about the similarities between cloud services and jam. Yes, jam. I explain how cloud services offer a variety of options for users to choose from, but too many options can lead to decision paralysis. Yes, the famous jam experiment. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse AWS Heroes Follow A vibrant, worldwide group of AWS experts. More from AWS Heroes Amazon Nova 2 Multimodal Embeddings with Amazon S3 Vectors and AWS Java SDK - Part 1 Introduction # aws # amazonnova # s3vectorstore # java Serverless applications with Java and Aurora DSQL - Part 3 Integrated query editor # aws # postgres # serverless # database Starting Your Journey into Generative AI: A Beginner's Guide # aws # genai # cloud # ai 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://dev.to/techdogs_inc/can-the-siemens-microsoft-partnership-bring-the-ai-revolution-to-man-machine-collaboration-21k7 | Can The Siemens-Microsoft Partnership Bring The AI Revolution To Man-Machine Collaboration? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse TechDogs for TechDogs Posted on Nov 2, 2023 Can The Siemens-Microsoft Partnership Bring The AI Revolution To Man-Machine Collaboration? # news # ai # microsoft # discuss Did you know: Siemens and Microsoft have joined forces to accelerate the spread of AI across several sectors? Let's dive in to find the latest about this partnership! Read the full article onlt at TechDogs . Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse TechDogs Follow Stay on Top of Tech with TechDogs! TechDogs curates for you the most relevant news, case studies, articles, and event updates. Click on the link in our bio for in-depth coverage. Stay informed, stay ahead. Join the tech-savvy community at TechDogs today! More from TechDogs Which mobile chipset powers smarter experiences—Snapdragon or MediaTek? # mediatekvssnapdragon # aichipset # ai # techinnovation Is your AI smart enough to think beyond keywords? # aiinbusiness # techinnovation # ai Tech Spotlight: Daily Tech News # tech # ai # openai # news 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://forem.com/t/lambda | Lambda - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # lambda Follow Hide Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Lambda Durable Functions: Building Workflows That Run for a Year Dinesh Kumar Elumalai Dinesh Kumar Elumalai Dinesh Kumar Elumalai Follow Jan 13 Lambda Durable Functions: Building Workflows That Run for a Year # aws # serverless # lambda # programming Comments Add Comment 6 min read A Real-World Serverless Appointment Booking Backend on AWS Bernard Chika Uwaezuoke Bernard Chika Uwaezuoke Bernard Chika Uwaezuoke Follow Jan 12 A Real-World Serverless Appointment Booking Backend on AWS # aws # lambda # programming # serverless Comments Add Comment 10 min read Asegurar un rol de servicio para AWS Lambda - Secure the service role used by AWS Lambda Juan Diego David Melo Alarcon Juan Diego David Melo Alarcon Juan Diego David Melo Alarcon Follow Jan 12 Asegurar un rol de servicio para AWS Lambda - Secure the service role used by AWS Lambda # aws # lambda # iam # security 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 8 min read ⚡ AWS 133: Going Serverless - Deploying Your First AWS Lambda Function Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Follow Jan 13 ⚡ AWS 133: Going Serverless - Deploying Your First AWS Lambda Function # aws # lambda # serverless # 100daysofcloud Comments Add Comment 3 min read BootStrapping Aurora RDS Databases using Lambda and Terraform (Part 2) Santanu Das Santanu Das Santanu Das Follow Jan 11 BootStrapping Aurora RDS Databases using Lambda and Terraform (Part 2) # lambda # aws # rds # devops Comments Add Comment 10 min read When Should You Use AWS Lambda? A Beginner's Perspective Sahinur Sahinur Sahinur Follow Jan 11 When Should You Use AWS Lambda? A Beginner's Perspective # aws # serverless # beginners # lambda Comments Add Comment 5 min read 🔥 This AWS Lambda Update Changes Everything (Durable Functions) Ali Zgheib Ali Zgheib Ali Zgheib Follow Jan 10 🔥 This AWS Lambda Update Changes Everything (Durable Functions) # aws # lambda # serverless # cloud 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read SQS to Lambda vs API kerry convery kerry convery kerry convery Follow Jan 9 SQS to Lambda vs API # aws # lambda # sqs # node Comments Add Comment 1 min read Forzar nuevas versiones de AWS Lambda cuando solo cambias dependencias Kevin Catucuamba Kevin Catucuamba Kevin Catucuamba Follow Jan 9 Forzar nuevas versiones de AWS Lambda cuando solo cambias dependencias # aws # awslambda # cloud # lambda 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Would Lambda Managed instance reduce your cost? Ayman Aly Mahmoud Ayman Aly Mahmoud Ayman Aly Mahmoud Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 8 Would Lambda Managed instance reduce your cost? # lambda # serverless Comments Add Comment 3 min read Automação de Backups para SFTP Externo Railander Marques Railander Marques Railander Marques Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 7 Automação de Backups para SFTP Externo # sftp # lambda # automation # aws Comments Add Comment 13 min read How Serverless & Community Can Transform Your Career N Chandra Prakash Reddy N Chandra Prakash Reddy N Chandra Prakash Reddy Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 6 How Serverless & Community Can Transform Your Career # aws # serverless # productivity # lambda 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read How AWS Lambda and Fargate Change the Way We Build Apps N Chandra Prakash Reddy N Chandra Prakash Reddy N Chandra Prakash Reddy Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 8 How AWS Lambda and Fargate Change the Way We Build Apps # aws # serverless # fargate # lambda 11 reactions Comments 2 comments 8 min read Lambda Tenant Isolation: A Major Upgrade for Multi-Tenant SaaS Ujjwal Sinha Ujjwal Sinha Ujjwal Sinha Follow Jan 3 Lambda Tenant Isolation: A Major Upgrade for Multi-Tenant SaaS # aws # lambda # lambdatenantisolation Comments Add Comment 3 min read Solving NestJS Dependency Injection Issues on AWS Lambda with CDK Gibsons Gibson Gibsons Gibson Gibsons Gibson Follow Jan 5 Solving NestJS Dependency Injection Issues on AWS Lambda with CDK # nestjs # aws # lambda # cdk Comments Add Comment 4 min read Kotlin 함수와 람다: 함수 선언부터 고차 함수까지 dss99911 dss99911 dss99911 Follow Dec 31 '25 Kotlin 함수와 람다: 함수 선언부터 고차 함수까지 # programming # kotlin # function # lambda Comments Add Comment 3 min read Java Stream과 Lambda 완벽 가이드 dss99911 dss99911 dss99911 Follow Dec 31 '25 Java Stream과 Lambda 완벽 가이드 # programming # java # stream # lambda Comments Add Comment 2 min read I fired my server manager: Running Python on AWS Lambda (Serverless) Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Follow Dec 30 '25 I fired my server manager: Running Python on AWS Lambda (Serverless) # aws # python # serverless # lambda Comments Add Comment 1 min read Ruby 블록과 Lambda dss99911 dss99911 dss99911 Follow Dec 31 '25 Ruby 블록과 Lambda # programming # ruby # blocks # lambda Comments Add Comment 1 min read Do we need AWS Durable Functions when we have Step Functions? JoLo JoLo JoLo Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 5 Do we need AWS Durable Functions when we have Step Functions? # aws # lambda # durablefunctions # typescript Comments Add Comment 8 min read The InvalidCiphertextException Mystery: Decrypting Cognito's Encrypted OTP Codes Scott Burgholzer Scott Burgholzer Scott Burgholzer Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 1 The InvalidCiphertextException Mystery: Decrypting Cognito's Encrypted OTP Codes # aws # encryption # lambda # kms 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read AWS Durable Functions vs Step Functions: Is Code-First Orchestration the New Standard? Benjamin Ajewole Benjamin Ajewole Benjamin Ajewole Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 21 '25 AWS Durable Functions vs Step Functions: Is Code-First Orchestration the New Standard? # aws # serverless # lambda # typescript Comments Add Comment 5 min read AWS Secrets Manager: How to Set Up Secrets and Fetch Them in a Python Lambda Aman Kumar Aman Kumar Aman Kumar Follow Dec 19 '25 AWS Secrets Manager: How to Set Up Secrets and Fetch Them in a Python Lambda # aws # python # lambda # secret Comments Add Comment 3 min read Consistently deploying Lambda functions and layers using Terraform Sebastiaan Brozius Sebastiaan Brozius Sebastiaan Brozius Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 29 '25 Consistently deploying Lambda functions and layers using Terraform # aws # lambda # terraform 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Day 18: Image Processing Serverless Project using AWS Lambda Anil KUMAR Anil KUMAR Anil KUMAR Follow Dec 14 '25 Day 18: Image Processing Serverless Project using AWS Lambda # terraform # aws # lambda Comments Add Comment 9 min read loading... trending guides/resources AWS Lambda Durable Functions: Build Workflows That Last Developing AWS Lambda Durable Functions with AWS SAM AWS Durable Functions vs Step Functions: Is Code-First Orchestration the New Standard? Adding Queue and Cron Handlers to Your Cloudflare Worker (Part 2) The Replay Model: How AWS Lambda Durable Functions Actually Work How AWS Lambda and Fargate Change the Way We Build Apps Consistently deploying Lambda functions and layers using Terraform Building a Serverless Sales Analytics Platform with AI Insights for Under $10/Month Stop Malware at the Door: Automated S3 File Scanning with AWS GuardDuty Building a Secure, Serverless Multi-Tenant RAG Chatbot with Amazon Bedrock and Lambda AWS Lambda Stubs for unit testing Batch publishing Twitch chatroom messages - with AWS Lambda Durable Multi-Step Executions How I Autoban Hackers Who Touch My Secret URLs Designing a Cost-Efficient Parallel Data Pipeline on AWS Using Lambda and SQS Do we need AWS Durable Functions when we have Step Functions? Monitoring Third-Party Webhook Delays with AWS Durable Functions Boost Developer productivity and DBOps efficiency with AWS Aurora Cloning DynamoDB Race Conditions: Why Your Cache Is Burning Money Java Stream과 Lambda 완벽 가이드 🔥 This AWS Lambda Update Changes Everything (Durable Functions) 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a blogging-forward open source social network where we learn from one another Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
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Report Abuse Riyana Patel for PullFlow Posted on Jul 11, 2025 • Edited on Jul 17, 2025 • Originally published at youtube.com Project of the Week: Excalidraw # webdev # programming # github # discuss 🍩 Project of the Week (26 Part Series) 1 Introducing: Project of the Week! 2 Project of the Week: Prisma ... 22 more parts... 3 Project of the Week: TanStack Query 4 Project of the Week: HedgeDoc 🦔 5 Project of the Week: Grafana 6 Project of the Week: Ghost 👻 7 Project of the Week: TensorFlow 8 Project of the Week: MapLibre 9 Project of the Week: Windmill 10 Project of the Week: Deno 11 Project of the Week - 10 Weeks Later! 12 Project of the Week: Excalidraw 13 Project of the Week: Supabase 14 Project of the Week: Clerk 15 Project of the Week: freeCodeCamp 16 Project of the Week: Appwrite 17 Project of the Week: Chart.js 18 Project of the Week: n8n 19 Project of the Week: PyTorch 20 Project of the Week: Emotion-js 21 Project of the Week: Chainguard 22 Project of the Week: Dify 23 Project of the Week: Alpine.js 24 Project of the Week: Svelte 25 Project of the Week: .NET Runtime 26 LobeChat: Where Bots Write 23% of the Code and Reviews Take 42 Seconds Efficient workflows and solid core team leadership power this popular virtual whiteboard tool Introduction Excalidraw is an open-source virtual whiteboard tool that lets you easily sketch diagrams with a hand-drawn feel. Since its launch, this collaborative drawing platform has captured the attention of developers, designers, and teams worldwide with its intuitive interface and powerful features. With over 103,000 GitHub stars, 10.2k forks, and contributions from 335 developers, Excalidraw has established itself as the go-to solution for collaborative diagramming and brainstorming. The platform offers real-time collaboration, end-to-end encryption, and a unique hand-drawn aesthetic that makes technical diagrams feel more approachable. From wireframes to system architecture diagrams, Excalidraw has become an essential tool for visual communication in software development. We researched Excalidraw on collab.dev and discovered collaboration patterns that reflect the project's focus on quality and efficient development workflows. Key Highlights Efficient Review Process : With 71% of PRs receiving reviews before merging, Excalidraw maintains solid quality standards while allowing for streamlined workflows. Their contributing guidelines front-load quality control through issue discussion and automated testing, reducing the need for extensive manual reviews. Minimal Wait Times : Contributors experience just 4 minutes and 30 seconds overall wait time, enabling rapid development cycles without unnecessary delays. This efficiency stems from clear semantic commit prefixes and a well-defined roadmap that helps contributors focus on valuable work. Strong Core Team Leadership : 78% of PRs come from core team members, demonstrating active maintainer involvement and focused development direction. This high percentage reflects their structured approach where contributors must comment on roadmap issues to get assigned by maintainers, creating a natural funnel for community contributions. Balanced Automation : 15.1% bot activity provides helpful automation while keeping the development process primarily human-driven. Their automated testing pipeline and translation system through Crowdin handle routine tasks while preserving human judgment for design decisions. Excalidraw's Collaboration Model Excalidraw demonstrates a focused approach to open source development that balances efficiency with quality control. The project's metrics reveal several interesting patterns: Quality-Focused Approach : While not every PR receives formal review (71% coverage), the project maintains high standards through other quality gates and strong contributor guidelines. Responsive Development : The remarkably low wait times (4m 30s overall) suggest efficient processes and responsive maintainers who can quickly evaluate and merge contributions. Core Team Driven : With 78% of contributions coming from core team members, Excalidraw follows a maintainer-led model that ensures consistent vision and technical direction. Efficient Workflows : The 8 hour 44 minute median merge time shows that once changes are ready, they move through the system efficiently without getting stuck in lengthy approval cycles. This approach appears well-suited for a project that needs to maintain a cohesive user experience and technical architecture while still welcoming community contributions. Looking at the Numbers Excalidraw's collaboration metrics paint a picture of a well-run project with clear processes and engaged maintainers. The combination of reasonable review coverage (71%), minimal wait times, and efficient merge processes creates an environment where both core team members and external contributors can be productive. The project's success with over 103,000 stars and active community engagement suggests that this focused, maintainer-led approach can be highly effective for certain types of open source projects. Excalidraw Metrics Excalidraw GitHub Repository collab.dev pullflow.com 🍩 Project of the Week (26 Part Series) 1 Introducing: Project of the Week! 2 Project of the Week: Prisma ... 22 more parts... 3 Project of the Week: TanStack Query 4 Project of the Week: HedgeDoc 🦔 5 Project of the Week: Grafana 6 Project of the Week: Ghost 👻 7 Project of the Week: TensorFlow 8 Project of the Week: MapLibre 9 Project of the Week: Windmill 10 Project of the Week: Deno 11 Project of the Week - 10 Weeks Later! 12 Project of the Week: Excalidraw 13 Project of the Week: Supabase 14 Project of the Week: Clerk 15 Project of the Week: freeCodeCamp 16 Project of the Week: Appwrite 17 Project of the Week: Chart.js 18 Project of the Week: n8n 19 Project of the Week: PyTorch 20 Project of the Week: Emotion-js 21 Project of the Week: Chainguard 22 Project of the Week: Dify 23 Project of the Week: Alpine.js 24 Project of the Week: Svelte 25 Project of the Week: .NET Runtime 26 LobeChat: Where Bots Write 23% of the Code and Reviews Take 42 Seconds Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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https://dev.to/chefgs/deploy-kubernetes-resources-in-minikube-cluster-using-terraform-1p8o | Deploy Kubernetes Resources in Minikube cluster using Terraform - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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Report Abuse Saravanan Gnanaguru Posted on Jun 25, 2022 • Edited on Nov 13, 2022 Deploy Kubernetes Resources in Minikube cluster using Terraform # kubernetes # tutorial # minikube # terraform Terraform Tutorials (8 Part Series) 1 Developing Terraform Custom Provider for Terraform v0.12 2 Create Apache Web Server in AWS Using Terraform ... 4 more parts... 3 Create and Configure Google Cloud Instance using Terraform and Chef 4 How to Develop a Custom Provider in Terraform v0.13+ 5 Create AWS Infrastructure using CDK for Terraform 6 Deploy Kubernetes Resources in Minikube cluster using Terraform 7 Create Amazon EKS Cluster using Terraform Module 8 Automate Kubernetes Deployment using Terraform and GitHub Actions How to create Kubernetes Resources in Minikube cluster using Terraform Table of Contents Context Setting Introduction First things first K8s Concepts used in this demo Steps to automate k8s deployment in minikube Step 1 Start minikube Step 2 Create Terraform code Step 3 Run Terraform Code to Create Resources Step 4 Verify the Kubernetes Resources Clear down demo resources Conclusion References Context Setting In this blog, We will see how to automate a namespace and nginx application deployment creation in minikube using Terraform automation. Introduction Container based application workloads can be managed using Kubernetes(or k8s in short) and there are multiple methods available to create kubernetes clusters. Cloud based k8s solutions like EKS, GKE and AKS can be used to deploy production grade clusters. We can use minikube for Creating local k8s clusters for Simple POCs and learning purposes. For more details on minikube, refer docs minikube quickly sets up a local Kubernetes cluster on macOS, Linux, and Windows. We proudly focus on helping application developers and new Kubernetes users. There are multiple ways to automate the cluster creation in minikube and Terraform automation can also be used for k8s automation in minikube First things first Install minikube using the steps mentioned in docs Install Terraform CLI from the documentation You can also refer my other blog to know more about setting up minikube in your workstation. K8s Concepts used in this demo namespace is a logical grouping of different k8s workloads, secrets, etc. For example: we can group dev environment and prod environment configuration in different namespaces . deployment is a kubernetes config declaration, in which we can declare different workloads and related configuration for the workload. Also we can create deployment under a namespace to logically differentiate the set of resources needed. kube config file is created when we install the minikube and it has the information needed for creating local k8s clusters. Kube config contains the different clusters and contexts . minikube will be one of the context, which refers to the minikube cluster in kube config file context refers to a set of parameters that contains information of Kubernetes cluster, a user, and a namespace Sample kube config for the minikube context and cluster info apiVersion : v1 contexts : - context : cluster : minikube extensions : - extension : last-update : Mon, 20 Jun 2022 08:51:10 IST provider : minikube.sigs.k8s.io version : v1.24.0 name : context_info namespace : default user : minikube name : minikube clusters : - cluster : certificate-authority : $USERHOME_DIR/.minikube/ca.crt extensions : - extension : last-update : Mon, 20 Jun 2022 08:51:10 IST provider : minikube.sigs.k8s.io version : v1.24.0 name : cluster_info server : https://192.168.49.2:8443 name : minikube Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Steps to automate k8s deployment in minikube Step 1 Start minikube Use the command minikube start to start the local k8s minikube cluster $ minikube start 😄 minikube v1.24.0 on Ubuntu 21.04 ▪ KUBECONFIG=$USERHOME/.kube/config 🎉 minikube 1.26.0 is available! Download it: https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/releases/tag/v1.26.0 💡 To disable this notice, run: 'minikube config set WantUpdateNotification false' ✨ Using the docker driver based on existing profile 👍 Starting control plane node minikube in cluster minikube 🚜 Pulling base image ... 🔄 Restarting existing docker container for "minikube" ... 🐳 Preparing Kubernetes v1.22.3 on Docker 20.10.8 ... 🔎 Verifying Kubernetes components... ▪ Using image gcr.io/k8s-minikube/storage-provisioner:v5 🌟 Enabled addons: default-storageclass, storage-provisioner ❗ /snap/bin/kubectl is version 1.24.2, which may have incompatibilites with Kubernetes 1.22.3. ▪ Want kubectl v1.22.3? Try 'minikube kubectl -- get pods -A' 🏄 Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube" cluster and "default" namespace by default Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 2 Create Terraform code The terraform code used in this demo can be found here In terraform, we can split the different terraform building blocks in various files, as part of best practice. We have two files, as part of k8s minikube automation providers.tf This file contains the details regarding the terraform hashicorp provider modules we will be using to automate in required_providers section Also in the provider section, we need to declare the kube config file path and ( minikube ) context we will be using for our automation. terraform { required_providers { kubernetes = { source = "hashicorp/kubernetes" version = "2.11.0" } } } provider "kubernetes" { config_path = "~/.kube/config" config_context = "minikube" } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode k8s.tf k8s.tf is the main file, in which we will be declaring our new namespace and deployment Kubernetes provider module in Terraform supports the same kubernetes configuration declaration arguments and parameters like metadata , spec etc. So if you're aware of creating kube config yaml, it will be easy for you to create terraform code using the config yaml experience. Otherwise, there will be a little bit learning curve is there, to create the kubernetes configuration namespace will be defined as below, resource "kubernetes_namespace" "example" { metadata { name = "k8s-ns-by-tf" } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode deployment will be defined as below, and it is getting created under the new namespace we are creating resource "kubernetes_deployment" "example" { metadata { name = "terraform-example" labels = { test = "MyExampleApp" } namespace = "k8s-ns-by-tf" } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In the deployment we are declaring a spec and it contains the replica definition and deployment template definition. In this automation example, we are creating deployment for nginx application Here's the sample config snippet showing the spec definition, spec { replicas = 2 selector { match_labels = { test = "MyExampleApp" } } template { metadata { labels = { test = "MyExampleApp" } } spec { container { image = "nginx:1.21.6" name = "example" ..... ..... ..... } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Refer the k8s.tf file in the repo to see the complete config Step 3 Run Terraform Code to Create Resources We will be running the terraform commands to spin up the k8s deployment in minikube terraform init $ terraform init Initializing the backend ... Initializing provider plugins ... - Reusing previous version of hashicorp / kubernetes from the dependency lock file - Using previously - installed hashicorp / kubernetes v2 . 11.0 Terraform has been successfully initialized ! You may now begin working with Terraform . Try running "terraform plan" to see any changes that are required for your infrastructure . All Terraform commands should now work . If you ever set or change modules or backend configuration for Terraform , rerun this command to reinitialize your working directory . If you forget , other commands will detect it and remind you to do so if necessary . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode terraform plan $ terraform plan Terraform used the selected providers to generate the following execution plan . Resource actions are indicated with the following symbols : + create Terraform will perform the following actions : # kubernetes_deployment.example will be created + resource "kubernetes_deployment" "example" { + id = ( known after apply ) + wait_for_rollout = true + metadata { + generation = ( known after apply ) + labels = { + "test" = "MyExampleApp" } + name = "terraform-example" + namespace = "k8s-ns-by-tf" + resource_version = ( known after apply ) + uid = ( known after apply ) } + spec { ..... ..... ..... } } # kubernetes_namespace.example will be created + resource "kubernetes_namespace" "example" { + id = ( known after apply ) + metadata { + generation = ( known after apply ) + name = "k8s-ns-by-tf" + resource_version = ( known after apply ) + uid = ( known after apply ) } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode terraform apply $ terraform apply Terraform used the selected providers to generate the following execution plan . Resource actions are indicated with the following symbols : + create Terraform will perform the following actions : # kubernetes_deployment.example will be created + resource "kubernetes_deployment" "example" { } # kubernetes_namespace.example will be created + resource "kubernetes_namespace" "example" { } Plan : 2 to add , 0 to change , 0 to destroy . Do you want to perform these actions ? Terraform will perform the actions described above . Only 'yes' will be accepted to approve . Enter a value : yes kubernetes_namespace . example : Creating ... kubernetes_namespace . example : Creation complete after 0 s [ id = k8s - ns - by - tf ] kubernetes_deployment . example : Creating ... kubernetes_deployment . example : Creation complete after 3 s [ id = k8s - ns - by - tf / terraform - example ] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 4 Verify the Kubernetes Resources We need the kubectl command to verify the kubernetes resources. It can installed from here We can verify the kubernetes resources using the commands below, List namespace using - kubectl get ns $ kubectl get ns k8s-ns-by-tf NAME STATUS AGE k8s-ns-by-tf Active 3m52s Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode View deployments using - kubectl get deployment -n k8s-ns-by-tf $ kubectl get deployment -n k8s-ns-by-tf NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE terraform-example 2/2 2 2 4m14s Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Get the deployed pods using - kubectl get pods -n k8s-ns-by-tf Since we mentioned 2 replicas, we can see two pods deployed in the namespace $ kubectl get pods -n k8s-ns-by-tf NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE terraform-example-67ddfbc845-9dx4r 1/1 Running 0 9m4s terraform-example-67ddfbc845-d68bw 1/1 Running 0 9m4s Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Clear down demo resources Once we are done with the demo, we can clear down the deployed resources using terraform destroy command, $ terraform destroy kubernetes_namespace . example : Refreshing state ... [ id = k8s - ns - by - tf ] kubernetes_deployment . example : Refreshing state ... [ id = k8s - ns - by - tf / terraform - example ] Terraform used the selected providers to generate the following execution plan . Resource actions are indicated with the following symbols : - destroy Terraform will perform the following actions : # kubernetes_deployment.example will be destroyed - resource "kubernetes_deployment" "example" { } # kubernetes_namespace.example will be destroyed - resource "kubernetes_namespace" "example" { } Plan : 0 to add , 0 to change , 2 to destroy . Do you really want to destroy all resources ? Terraform will destroy all your managed infrastructure , as shown above . There is no undo . Only 'yes' will be accepted to confirm . Enter a value : yes kubernetes_namespace . example : Destroying ... [ id = k8s - ns - by - tf ] kubernetes_deployment . example : Destroying ... [ id = k8s - ns - by - tf / terraform - example ] kubernetes_deployment . example : Destruction complete after 0 s kubernetes_namespace . example : Destruction complete after 6 s Destroy complete ! Resources : 2 destroyed . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Conclusion In this blog, we gone through some basics k8s concepts and creating k8s resource automation in minikube Refer my Tutorial blog series to learn more about kubernetes References Terraform Kubernetes Provider docs Terraform Kubernetes Deployment docs Kubernetes Deployment Docs Follow me and share your thoughts, GitHub LinkedIn Twitter gsaravanan.dev Terraform Tutorials (8 Part Series) 1 Developing Terraform Custom Provider for Terraform v0.12 2 Create Apache Web Server in AWS Using Terraform ... 4 more parts... 3 Create and Configure Google Cloud Instance using Terraform and Chef 4 How to Develop a Custom Provider in Terraform v0.13+ 5 Create AWS Infrastructure using CDK for Terraform 6 Deploy Kubernetes Resources in Minikube cluster using Terraform 7 Create Amazon EKS Cluster using Terraform Module 8 Automate Kubernetes Deployment using Terraform and GitHub Actions Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Saravanan Gnanaguru Follow Cloud DevOps and Infra as Code Location India Pronouns he/him Work Architect Joined Dec 29, 2019 More from Saravanan Gnanaguru My new blog on Docker and Kubernetes deployment in UpCloud # docker # kubernetes # cloud # devops Practicing Kubernetes Control Plane environment in Killercoda Interactive Terminal # kubernetes # beginners # kcdchennai # blogathon Automate Kubernetes Deployment using Terraform and GitHub Actions # githubhack23 # terraform # kubernetes # githubactions 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Report Abuse net programhelp Posted on Jan 5 Meta AI Interview Deep Dive: Invisible Thresholds from OA to Onsite # ai # career # interview Recently, I’ve accompanied many students through the entire interview process for Meta AI roles , and noticed a striking pattern: even those who successfully landed offers all mentioned in their retrospectives that “the process isn’t technically hard, but it’s packed with counterintuitive twists.” Minor missteps get amplified here, and many seemingly basic stages turn out to be the invisible thresholds with the highest elimination rates. In this article, we unpack the core assessment criteria and high-risk pitfalls across OA and Onsite rounds , based on real screening mechanics, to help you avoid unnecessary mistakes. I. OA (CodeSignal): Don’t Be Fooled by 4 Questions The Screening Focus Isn’t on the Hard One Meta’s OA is conducted on the CodeSignal platform, featuring 4 questions in 90 minutes , each mapped to a different difficulty level. While this looks standard, the screening logic is anything but . Level 1–2: Quick Filter for “Weak Fundamentals” These questions usually involve: Basic string manipulation Simple array operations Their purpose is not ranking , but elimination. They quickly filter out candidates with insufficient coding fundamentals. As long as you’ve practiced basic algorithms, these should not be a bottleneck—and they barely affect final evaluation weight. Level 3: The Real “Starting Line of Differentiation” This is where Meta begins to separate candidates . Typical characteristics: Interval-related problems (merge intervals, overlaps, boundaries) Strict requirements on sorting logic and edge cases Heavy emphasis on correctness over speed Key pitfalls include: Mishandling empty intervals Confusing left-closed vs right-open ranges Memorizing templates without understanding boundary logic This round distinguishes candidates who truly understand interval problems from those who rely on pattern matching. Level 4: Hard Question, but Full AC Isn’t Mandatory This is the most misunderstood part of the OA. Many candidates panic here, but the reality is: Perfect performance on the first three questions (full AC or only minor boundary issues) Partial credit on Question 4 …is often enough to pass OA . This is why many people overestimate OA difficulty. The correct strategy is prioritization , not obsession with the hardest problem. Post-OA Timeline Once you pass OA: A technical screening is usually scheduled within 1–2 days Exemptions are rare Meta aims to rapidly filter out mass applicants Action item: Start interview prep immediately after OA—don’t wait. II. Onsite Round-by-Round Analysis These Two Rounds Decide Your Offer Meta Onsite typically includes 4 rounds : Behavioral Coding System Design (Entry Level) AI Coding ( core elimination round ) Data from real cases shows: Behavioral + Coding: Baseline stability rounds System Design + AI Coding: Offer-determining rounds 1. Behavioral & Coding: Steady Execution Is Enough Behavioral Round Focus areas: Project ownership Decision-making logic Conflict resolution Meta values logical consistency . Common mistakes include: Contradictory details Over-polished or fabricated stories Recommendation: Use real experiences structured with STAR , and keep narratives grounded. Coding Round Difficulty is moderate: No trick algorithms Emphasis on clarity and edge cases Common evaluation points: Empty inputs Case sensitivity Boundary handling Key advice: Do not code in silence. Verbalize your thinking and confirm assumptions with the interviewer. 2. System Design (Entry Level): Focus on Decomposition, Not Complexity Despite the name, this round does not test large-scale distributed systems. Core evaluation dimensions: Requirement decomposition Basic trade-off awareness Clarity of explanation A frequent failure pattern: Jumping straight into microservices, caching layers, or complex architectures Ignoring requirement boundaries and cost constraints For example, when asked to design a simple recommendation list storage , Meta expects: Clear data structure choices Storage trade-offs Reasoned simplicity Entry-level SD rewards thinking simple problems through completely , not overengineering. 3. AI Coding Round: Meta’s Real “Threshold” and Most Underestimated Round This is the highest elimination rate round , even for strong candidates. Key Characteristics Language Restrictions + Engineering-Oriented Questions Limited language options (Python most common) Problems resemble Meta practice questions Framed as real-world engineering scenarios , not pure algorithms Read Code & Fix Bugs Before Writing Features You’ll be given: A simulated feed-ranking data processing system ~5 source code files Pre-existing failing test cases Your first task is not writing new logic. Instead: Read the codebase Identify bugs (off-by-one, boundary issues) Understand data flow This directly tests complex code comprehension , where many candidates struggle. Align Goals Before Building the Solver (Critical) Before coding: Confirm requirements with the interviewer Restate objectives Clarify expected outputs Meta strongly penalizes: “Fast coding that solves the wrong problem.” Even runnable code will fail if the approach is misaligned. Algorithm Selection: Avoid Brute Force Defaults A common mistake: Jumping directly to brute force Ignoring data scale Triggering TLE on large tests Correct strategy: Propose a baseline State time complexity Optimize with controlled methods (e.g., backtracking + pruning) Large Dataset Testing: The True Differentiator Passing small tests is just the beginning. Meta evaluates: Bottleneck identification Optimization under pressure Common optimization directions: Memoization Dynamic Programming Aggressive pruning Important note: AI tools can help verify logic , but effective pruning strategies rely on your own engineering judgment. III. What Kind of Candidates Is Meta AI Looking For? Meta AI does not prioritize: Pure LeetCode grinders Algorithm-only specialists Instead, they favor candidates who: Quickly understand unfamiliar codebases Stay calm under ambiguous requirements Demonstrate engineering-first thinking Clarification on AI usage: AI tools are allowed as assistive aids Final evaluation depends on ownership and reasoning , not AI dependence IV. Job Search Support: Full-Process Guidance to Avoid All Pitfalls Many strong candidates fail—not due to lack of skill, but due to misunderstanding Meta’s counterintuitive screening logic . Our support services are designed to address exactly these gaps: OA Completion + Big Tech Written Exam Guarantee CodeSignal, HackerRank, and more 100% test case pass rate Secure, trace-free operations Real-Time Support from North American CS Experts Live guidance during interviews Behavioral logic validation Boundary handling & AI Coding codebase interpretation FAANG / SDE Specialized Interview Assistance Help navigating follow-up questions naturally Maintain smooth interviewer interaction End-to-End Offer Guarantee Support from OA to offer signing Deposit upfront, balance paid only after offer Additional customized services: Mock interviews (Meta-style simulations) Resume optimization (engineering impact-focused) Targeted algorithm coaching (intervals, pruning, optimization) Final Thoughts Meta AI interviews are not difficult because of technical depth — they’re difficult because of hidden strategies and invisible thresholds . With: Clear insight into screening logic Correct prioritization Professional guidance Landing a Meta AI offer is absolutely achievable. If you want deeper insights into: Meta high-frequency questions AI Coding codebase reading strategies A personalized preparation plan Feel free to reach out—we’ll help you sprint toward your dream offer efficiently. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse net programhelp Follow Joined Apr 25, 2025 More from net programhelp Ultimate Guide to Snapchat OA: Data/SDE Passing Strategies (with Real Questions & Tips) # algorithms # interview # career # tutorial Ace Roche's Data Scientist Interview: From Clinical Data to Model Deployment # machinelearning # interview # career # datascience Amazon Spring 2026 SDE Internship Interview Guide: OA Patterns & The Ultimate BQ Strategy # algorithms # interview # career # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://training.talkpython.fm/courses/llm-building-blocks-for-python | LLM Building Blocks for Python Course --> --> --> --> TalkPython [ ' Training ' ] Courses Why us? Business Apps Authors Blog Podcast Register Log in --> --> LLM Building Blocks for Python Course 1.2 hours , ₩21,234 + tax - own it forever Buy for ₩21,234 + tax Bundle and save 80% Team Gift --> --> This course is carbon neutral . --> --> Dive into LLM Building Blocks for Python , a concise 1.2-hour video course that equips you with everything you need to integrate large language models into your Python applications. You’ll learn to move beyond “text in → text out” by turning your prompts into structured data, orchestrating chat-style workflows, and building interactive prototypes. From rapid-fire notebook experiments to production-ready async pipelines and caching, this course gives you practical, code-first techniques for real-world LLM development. What students are saying Michael makes it very easy to follow along in the beginning of the courses. Everyone learns differently, but one of the ways I learn best is to follow along by typing the code as he does in the video, helping me commit it to memory. -- Paul Cutler Source code and course GitHub repository github.com/talkpython/llm-building-blocks-for-python-course What’s this course about and how is it different? Most LLM tutorials focus on theory or standalone demos. This course shows you how to treat LLMs as reusable Python building blocks: Vendor-Agnostic : Use Simon Willison’s llm library to swap between OpenAI, Anthropic, local models via Ollama, and more, without rewriting your code. Structured Outputs : Learn schema-driven prompts with Pydantic to reliably parse JSON from the LLM. Reactive Prototyping : Master marimo’s dependency-graph notebook for rapid UI-driven exploration. Production-Ready Workflows : Cover async requests, disk-based caching, performance measurement, and A/B testing so you can scale your LLM tasks. Tool Spotlight : Compare smartfunc , Mirascope , and Instructor to find the right abstraction layer for your projects. This isn’t just another “prompt engineering” overview. It’s a hands-on guide to embedding LLM capabilities directly into Python code, end to end. What topics are covered By the end of this course, you’ll be able to: Set up and use marimo for live, reactive notebook experiments Install and configure the llm library and its plugins for multiple vendors Craft prompts with Pydantic schemas to enforce structured JSON outputs Build and manage chat conversations programmatically in Python Orchestrate async LLM calls and understand concurrency limits Implement disk caching to save tokens, speed up development, and cut costs Measure classification accuracy and benchmark LLM vs. scikit-learn pipelines Conduct A/B tests on prompts to iteratively refine model outputs Explore higher-level tools like smartfunc , Mirascope , Ollama , and Instructor Design small “apps” inside marimo to automate tasks such as YouTube transcript summarization Who Should Take This Course? Python developers curious about adding LLM features to scripts, tools, or web apps Data scientists wanting to prototype NLP workflows without deep ML expertise DevOps/automation engineers looking to integrate AI-driven tasks into pipelines Tech leads and architects evaluating LLM toolchains for production use Educators and researchers who need structured LLM interactions in their code You should already be comfortable writing Python scripts, using pip , and handling basic virtual environments. Key Chapter Highlights Chapter Why It Matters Course Introduction Meet your instructor, understand course goals, and get your local environment, marimo, uv, Git, ready. Building Blocks Learn foundational tools, marimo reactive notebooks, the llm library, Pydantic schemas, for robust prompt-to-data pipelines. Performance and Measurements Discover async requests, disk caching, and accuracy benchmarking to scale LLM tasks cost-effectively. Tools to Consider Compare higher-level abstractions, smartfunc , Mirascope , Ollama , Instructor , to streamline your workflow. Conclusion Emphasize methodology, production pitfalls, and fallback strategies with hosted vs. open-source models. Follow along with subtitles and transcripts Each course comes with subtitles and full transcripts. The transcripts are available as a separate searchable page for each lecture. They also are available in course-wide search results to help you find just the right lecture. Who am I? Why should you take my course? My name is Vincent , nice to meet you. ;) I'm a senior data professional who worked as an engineer, researcher, team lead, and educator in the past. I'm well known for my PyData talks as well as many side projects for machine learning practitioners. Check out calmcode.io , his blog koaning.io or his Github here: github.com/koaning . This course is delivered in very high resolution This course is delivered in 1440p (4x the pixels as 720p). When you're watching the videos for this course, it will feel like you're sitting next to the instructor looking at their screen. Every little detail, menu item, and icon is clear and crisp. Watch the introductory video at the top of this page to see an example. Money-Back Guarantee Details We want every student to feel 100 % confident enrolling. If "LLM Building Blocks for Python" doesn’t meet your expectations, let us know within 15 days of purchase and we’ll refund you in full, no forms, no hassle, no hard feelings. Simply email our support team ( contact@talkpython.fm ) with your registered email address, and your refund will be processed within several business days. We’re certain the speed gains and clean-code patterns you’ll learn are worth far more than the tuition, but you get to decide. Corporate / Team Licenses Empower your whole engineering team to build LLM-based apps in one cohesive curriculum. Volume discounts start at 5 seats and scale up for larger groups. Centralized billing and a single invoice for easy reimbursement. Private progress dashboard so team leads can track completion. Interested? Email sales@talkpython.fm with the number of learners and your preferred billing currency, and we’ll craft a package that fits your organization. Tech Requirements & Setup Python 3.9+ installed on macOS, Linux, or Windows A terminal with Git , pip , and a virtual-env tool ( venv , uv , etc.) marimo notebook ( pip install marimo ) for reactive prototyping llm library ( pip install llm python-env ) plus any vendor plugin (e.g. pip install llm-anthropic ) Valid LLM API keys (OpenAI, Anthropic, Ollama, or local models) stored in a .env file Disk-cache backend ( pip install diskcache ) for offline caching Optional: Ollama CLI for local LLM hosting; Mirascope or Instructor for higher-level abstractions Ready to level-up your Python projects with LLM power? Enroll now for instant access to all video lessons, code samples, and notebooks, no fluff, just building blocks. Buy for ₩21,234 + tax Bundle and save 80% Team Gift Questions? Send us an email: contact@talkpython.fm Course Outline: Chapters and Lectures Course Introduction 4:33 Welcome to the Course transcript 1:19 Transcript for Welcome to the Course (click to collapse) Hi there, my name is Vincent, and this is going to be a course on using LLMs as building blocks for your Python programs. To help explain what this course is going to be about, it might help to just use a tangible example. So in front of me here is an LLM, and I can talk to it. This is Claude from Anthropic, by the way. Now what's kind of the miracle with these LLMs is that you effectively don't need any knowledge about artificial intelligence or machine learning. You really just have to give it a prompt, and the LLM, quite typically, is able to generate text that contains the answer that you're interested in. So, in this particular case, if I were to give it a sentence, like, these days it might be preferable to use polars instead of pandas, and if I were to then ask the LLM, hey, could you fetch me all the Python libraries, then it is able to accomplish this task. This is pretty impressive on its own, but from the perspective of a Python program, this really isn't what you want. After all, this seems to be a system where text goes in, but also text comes out. And if I were a Python program, maybe it'd be a whole lot more convenient if we didn't have text coming out, but maybe just a list should come out. In this case, a nice structured list that names the packages in question, that's probably a lot nicer than just having text going out. There are tools at our disposal that are going to help us accomplish this, so this course is going to talk about that. Meet Vincent: Your Python and LLM Guide transcript 2:47 Transcript for Meet Vincent: Your Python and LLM Guide (click to collapse) Feel free to skip to the next video if you just want to get started right away, but I figured it couldn't hurt to maybe also spend one video explaining to you who I am. My name is Vincent, and I'm a person that's been in the Python and data ecosystem for well over a decade now. If you go to YouTube and if you go to the PyData channel, you'll see a fair amount of talks that I gave, and a bunch of them got quite popular. I'm also well known for my work in open source. I have well over a dozen packages under my name at this point, some of which have gotten quite popular. scikit-lego is a popular plugin for the scikit-learn ecosystem that has well over a million downloads now, but I've also written some tools that might help you do very rapid prototyping with LLMs. In particular, I'm going to talk about SmartFunk at the end of the course. Another place where people tend to know me for is my work over at CalmCode. This is a pretty popular learning resource for Python tools. A lot of people also tend to know me from my work at startups. Before, I have worked at Raza, which is a company that makes tools that allow you to write your own chatbot. I've also worked over at Explosion, where I worked on annotation software, as well as a little bit of prompt engineering, such that the Explosion stack could properly integrate with LLMs for NLP. That's also stuff I've worked on. And I've also worked for a company called Probable, which is all about the scikit-learn ecosystem. One of the things I did there, by the way, is I fine-tuned a version of Mistral, such that it could actually generate proper scikit-learn pipelines. A lot of the LLMs tend to get that wrong, by the way, because they write pipelines like you would have written them maybe five years ago. and a lot of them tend to ignore the modern tools. So some of my knowledge in LLMs actually comes from working at these companies, but I also tend to use LLMs a lot for my own private scripts and workflows. In particular, the thing I did recently, I have a YouTube channel where I review these split ergonomic keyboards. The channel has gotten quite popular, but I wanted my reviews to not just be on YouTube, I also wanted to have them on my own blog. So how do you do that? Well, you write an LLM pipeline, something that can take YouTube videos and turn that into a proper blog post with a nice summary such that people can also find me via Google on my own site. Hopefully this helps paint a picture of who I am, but hopefully it also helps paint a picture of how I like to teach. As you've probably noticed by now, I really like to do this doodling. I have a drawing tablet that allows me to draw over anything that is on my screen, and this really is my preferred way of teaching because I honestly like to think that my face can be a bit of a distraction, and it's much better for me to focus on the code that is on display and that I make sure that I get some of the ideas across. So in this course, I will do exactly that. You're not going to see my face anymore after this. But what you will see are a couple of these segments where I do a whiteboarding exercise where I try to explain a concept. And you can also see me emphasize bits of code that are important as I explain how they work. So again, this is the last time you're going to see my face like this. But next up, we're going to talk about some of the tools and software that you have to install in order to follow along in this course. Git the Code transcript 0:27 Transcript for Git the Code (click to collapse) Now, before we dive into the course, it is good to know that we have a Git repository that contains all the code. We have all of these Python files, and these are pretty much self-contained, which also means that you don't have to program along. You can just Git clone and have everything locally. So if you want to follow along live, now will be a good time to get this code on your machine. You don't have to code along, though. You can also definitely watch all of these videos and maybe review the code later at your own convenience. Building blocks 21:21 Marimo - A Modern Notebook Environment transcript 4:35 Transcript for Marimo - A Modern Notebook Environment (click to collapse) Now, in order to get started, we have to go and install some software that we're going to go ahead and use. And in particular, the two tools that I do assume that you've got around are uv, and I'm also going to use Marimo, which is a modern Python notebook that will help us do a bunch of rapid prototyping. If you don't have uv installed, one thing you can do is install it with pip, but I am going to assume at this point that you've installed it, and the next thing that you've got to do is make a virtual environment that you can do with uv. I'm also going to source this virtual environment now. And from here, I can go ahead and pip install Marimo. Given that Marimo is installed, I can go ahead and use it. And let's start a new Marimo notebook called demo.py. By running this command, I'm going to make an isolated virtual environment for just this one notebook. That's what the sandbox flag is for. And this demo.py file is going to contain all the code that we need to run our notebook. So I've got a notebook over here that can run Python, but at this point you might be wondering why I'm so keen on using Marimo in this course. So to explain that, I'm going to just highlight a few features that I think are very useful, especially if you're interested in doing things with LLMs. Before I can get to that though, I have to explain this one thing that makes Marimo really different. So I'm just gonna have a couple of cells here, A is equal to one, B is equal to two, and let's also have a cell over here where I add A and B together. So far, there shouldn't be too many surprises. Sure, the output over here is on top. And if you're used to Jupyter, the output is typically below. But we're still talking about Python cells that run Python code. But notice what happens if I were to change a value in this one cell over here. I can hit play on this one cell. And the moment that I do, you will notice that the cell below over here automatically updates on its own. And this is something that is very different from Jupyter. In Jupyter, you would have to run that manually. What is actually happening under the hood here is that Marimo is detecting in what order these cells have to run. It does that by looking at these variables that are declared. So it knows that cell A has to run, just like cell B has to run, before it can run cell C. There is this dependency graph that Marimo is figuring out under the hood. And by doing this, Marimo is also able to update things. If you make a change to this cell over here, all of its children also have to update. this is a reactive notebook, so to say. This is great because it allows for a very fun party trick, and that is that I can mix and match user interface elements. So I can say, hey, let's add a slider. And next up, I can say that the value of A, that that's actually the value that's attached to that one slider. And kind of the magic thing now is that I have a slider at my disposal, and by changing a value of a slider, cells can actually update automatically as a response. It's this behavior over here, the ability to add UI elements and have that interact with Python code, that is going to make it amazing if we want to do rapid prototyping. And this is actually something that you're going to do a lot when you're working with LLMs. You want to try out lots of ideas very quickly. And part of that is writing Python code. But another good chunk of that is also toying around with some user interface elements at the same time. And I've just found that Marimo is a really great tool for that. Now, I do want to add a disclaimer at this point, and that is to mention that at the time of making this recording, I'm actually employed by Marimo, the company that makes this notebook. So definitely feel free to consider my bias a bit here. Now, one final lesson about this reactive nature is that you do have to rethink the way that a notebook works a little bit. Right now, if I make a change in a cell, everything automatically updates. And that's not what you want all the time. You don't want to accidentally trigger heavy compute workloads, for example. That is something that we can change over here because we can set cell changes to be lazy if we want to. This is much more similar to Jupyter if that's what you're used to. Another thing that's also just good to be aware of is that because Marimo really tries to figure out in what order all of these cells have to run, you are not allowed to redeclare a value. This tends to be one of the main things that Jupyter users can be confused with because in normal Python code as well as in Jupyter, you can overwrite variables all the time. Marimo takes a principled stance here though, because if we have this dependency graph, well, if there are two nodes that both declare the variable a, well then which one is leading? Marimo needs to make an assumption in that scenario. And that's why Marimo says you can't do this. Anyway, enough about Marimo, let's dive into some LLM code. llm: A Vendor Agnostic Python Library transcript 2:24 Transcript for llm: A Vendor Agnostic Python Library (click to collapse) The main topic of this course is to get Python to communicate with LLMs to make useful software. However, one place to get started is to maybe just mention that LLMs is kind of broad these days. There's a lot of vendors. In the beginning, ChatGPT from OpenAI was the main vendor you would talk to. But these days, there are lots of competitors. You've also got Claude from Anthropic. There's also Mistral. There's lots of open source models that you can run locally on your machine. So Olama is actually something you might be interested in running. And there's also a vendor on the internet called Grok that allows you to run these open source models on very expensive servers that are really, really fast. So in designing this course, I was kind of wondering, well, what I could do is I could pick one vendor and just use that through the entire course. But odds are that whatever vendor might be optimal for your use case, that's something that's definitely going to change as time moves forward. That's also something to keep in the back of your mind when you're working on building LLM-based software. You probably don't want to overinvest in any one of these vendors just yet, and that means that you want to invest in a tool that allows you to mix and match and switch around any of these vendors. All of these vendors typically come with their own APIs, and you can use these Python software SDKs directly. But for this course, I figured maybe the best place to get started is to use this one library called LLM, which is a library that's made by Simon Willison. Now, the interesting thing about this library, if you go to GitHub, is that your first impression might be that it's meant to be run from the command line. If I were to scroll down here and have a look at the quick start, then you can definitely see that there's lots of these command line prompts. And this was certainly the original goal. If you go to the documentation page, though, you'll notice that there's actually a very nice Python API that's attached. Not only that, this library also comes with a very big plugin ecosystem. This plugin ecosystem includes lots of local models that you can run. But there are also plenty of these remote APIs that you can call. And that means that you can use this tool with Mistral, with Gemini, with Anthropic, and a whole zoo of other providers. And that's going to be great for rapid prototyping as well. In this course, we're also gonna talk about some other tools, but I felt that it might be good to motivate why I've chosen for this LLM tool. And one of the main reasons really is that it just supports lots of these APIs natively by just installing a plugin. And it's also a library that really does come with some good building blocks right from the get-go. So let's start using this in a notebook. llm Quickstart transcript 2:56 Transcript for llm Quickstart (click to collapse) So let's give this LLM tool a quick spin. In order to use this library, you are going to have to install it first. And you can do that from the command line, but you can also go to this manage packages tab. You can type LLM in here and also add it natively. Besides loading this LLM library, I'm also loading this.env library over here. If you want to install that, by the way, you have to run pip install python-env in order to install it. The name of the import is different than the name of the pip install command. But this library, and especially this command, is going to make sure that I've got an environment variable loaded that contains my secret that allows me to communicate with OpenAI, because the model that I'm using over here is the 4.0 mini model from ChatGPT. And just for good measure, this is what a.env file would look like. Locally, you would have a name of a key, and that will be followed by equals and then a string that contains your secret key. Definitely keep this a secret. Make sure you don't accidentally add this to GitHub or anything like that. But by configuring this and by then loading this.env file, I am able to communicate with this particular model. Now from here, the API is actually relatively simple. You have to come up with some sort of a model, and then you can use that model by giving it a prompt. And the system here is pretty much put text in, and then you can expect text to come out. However, what you get out of this model prompt function is a response object. And that response object does come with a couple of extra verbs that you can play with. In this particular case, I am asking it to give me all the data in JSON, and that gives me some extra information. The main content that I've been asking for is under this content key. So you can see that indeed it has been writing a haiku of sorts about Python, which is neat. But there's also some extra information that could be useful. The full name of the model is being logged in here. There's also this timestamp. And there's also some interesting information like the usage over here. This information can be relevant because the number of tokens that are being used tends to have an effect on the price that you have to pay. And roughly speaking, when we're talking about tokens in LLM land, we are roughly saying the amount of text that goes into a system or out of a system. Tokens are not exactly words. They're also not exactly letters. Kind of the best way to think about it is that if you have words like geography and words like geology, then one thing you could do is you could maybe chunk these words up. Maybe there's a chunk, geo, there's another chunk, logi, maybe another one, graphi, right? These tokens are determined by a compression trick to make sure that the vocabulary that the LLM needs to know about is kept at bay a bit. It's a bit of an implementation detail, and I'm not going to go too much in depth in it, but it is good to know that tokens, whenever we talk about them in the context of LLMs, they're not exactly words, they're more like subwords. And the more tokens that you use, the more that you pay for. Installing llm Model Plugins transcript 1:56 Transcript for Installing llm Model Plugins (click to collapse) So, so far, so good. We have an LLM library that we can install. We have to do something with the key, but eventually we get an API that allows us to pick a model and that model can be prompted. So in a lot of ways, you could argue, hey, maybe this is enough for my Python program. You wouldn't necessarily be wrong, but one thing it is good to observe is that you can, of course, pick a different model. Different models have different prices and there can be lots of good reasons not to only use one. And this is where the LLM library also has a nice helper. You can go LLM. and then get models. And this is going to give you a long list of names of all the models that are available to you. These models tend to come and go, but you can already see by just looking at what OpenAI gives us, there is a big list to pick from. And as the name implies, some of these models have extra features, like the ability to also handle audio, for example. But these are still just all the OpenAI models, and you might be keen to give a different model a spin. If you want to use extra models over here, we're going to have to install a plugin. So I'm going to go to the packages tab over here. And I'm going to go ahead and install lm-anthropic. I got this name from the docs, by the way. But once I install this, we should also be able to see new models appear when I rerun this cell. So I'm going to add it. It's now been installed. And after restarting the notebook and also restarting this one cell over here, we can scroll more to the bottom. And then you do see that we have a bunch more models at our disposal. I'm going to keep on using the OpenAI models in this course, because at the time of making this recording, it still feels like this is one of the most ubiquitous models out there. But definitely feel free to pick your own model and your own favorite. Just keep in the back of your mind, if you want to have the name of the model, this is the string that you want to copy. And sometimes that means that you shouldn't just copy the name, but you should copy this full string that includes this date. There are distinctions and different milestones for these models, and you want to be explicit. llm Schema transcript 2:55 Transcript for llm Schema (click to collapse) All right, so we're able to change this model. We're also able to change this prompt and we get a lot of useful information back, but there's still something extra that you typically want to do. As mentioned earlier, this is a system where text can go in and text can come out. But most of the time when text goes in, we actually want to have structured information to go out. And if you're using a somewhat modern LLM, then there's actually a technique that you can use to ensure that you do indeed get structured information out. And that is to go ahead and not just provide a prompt, but to also provide a schema. The thinking is that we can declare what kind of JSON format we would like to see come back. And by doing that, we should be able to get JSON out in the format that we specify. We're gonna see in a moment that these schemas tend not to always give you perfect results. So it's always good to at least verify manually once in a while, but using schemas in general tends to be a great practice. And as luck would have it, the LLM library actually supports Pydantic. So what you can do is you can declare a Pydantic class that tells the model something about the structure that we expect to come back. So in this example, I can give it a prompt that says, hey, I want to get a high queue about Python. And I can give it this class over here. And as you can see here, I expect a topic to be of string and I expect to see high queues that are a list of string. I can actually see that indeed these high queues that I get back, well, that is actually a list of strings. In this particular case, though, I was actually hoping to generate more than one Haikyuu. So instead of having a list of strings, it actually tends to make a little bit more sense to pass in a list of these Haikyuu classes. Now, to be clear, this class is really just a wrapper around a string. But notice the difference in what I get out over here by making this one change. So I'm not going to do a list of strings. I'm going to do a list of these objects. When I do that, then I can indeed see that haikus now becomes a list of dictionaries. Each dictionary has a poem key and that has a haikyu in it. And I can also confirm that this topic also got filled in nicely. So I can say, hey, if I want to have a haikyu about pythons, then the topic is also something that was extracted as well. There are still lots of details to get right here, by the way. Note how I've not specified the number of haikus that I'm generating over here. And if that's something that's really important, then I should probably fiddle around with the string a bit more. But at this point, I mainly hope to show that having schemas around can be super duper useful. The only downside of using these schemas is that they are not always supported. It's mostly the more modern models that tend to have support here. And even if a schema is supported, I have found that not every single model out there is able to give the best guarantees that what you receive over here is actually matching the schema. But still, in the end, we usually want to have structured information. So having these schemas around definitely makes a lot of sense. Chat Conversations in Python transcript 2:25 Transcript for Chat Conversations in Python (click to collapse) So far, what we've been doing is we've been taking this model object and we've been prompting it directly. And what I mean by that is that we've usually just taken our model. We have then called a prompt on it and that one response that we got back, that was the final result. But if you use ChatGPT or any other LLM, then odds are that you experience it as a conversation. And that is something that the LLM library can also mimic if you want. To do that, though, you are going to have to make a declaration that we are dealing with a conversation instead of just a mere prompt. This will give you a conversation object, and it's this object that allows you to take conversational turns. So just to give a example, I can start by saying, hey, give me a haiku about Python as the first prompt. We can see from the responses, by the way, that indeed we get a haiku back. And then after that, I can say, hey, give me another one, but have this one be about snakes. Note that another one, the only way to really know what we're meaning here is to know about the history of the conversation. And we can see that indeed it is generating high queue over here. So it's able to use something from the past of the conversation in order to give a better response down below here. And you can actually use this conversation in a couple of interesting ways. One thing that I might do, for example, is I might ask the LLM to check on itself. In the first turn of the conversation, I can ask it to accomplish some sort of a task, maybe detect a topic in a sentence or something like that. And then in the second turn of the conversation, I can ask it to maybe check if this task was done correctly. There is a cost to this. After all, you are spending more tokens in order to do this checking over here. But this is one of those techniques that you can apply in your LLM program to maybe get a little bit more certainty about the outputs that the LLMs provide. Another thing you can do with this, though, is you can actually have a widget inside of Marimo that allows you to interact with a conversation. We are not going to use this much in this course, but definitely feel free to check out the documentation if you're interested. But one thing I could do, for example, is say, give me a haiku about Python and another one about snakes. Definitely feel free to play around with this widget because you can customize it with some Python code if you like, but we're not going to use this much in our course. We're definitely more assuming that the LLMs that you're going to be interacting with, that they are are going to serve a purpose in a Python program. And it might not directly be via a chat interface directly to a user. Hookup transcript 2:03 Transcript for Hookup (click to collapse) At this point in time, we've discussed how this model.prompt works, as well as some tools around it. And technically, this is already quite sufficient to build something that's quite useful. So let's explain the setup. What I've done over here is I've created a text widget that you can see above over here. That's defined by this part of the code. This is just a Marimo widget. And what I can do is I can go ahead and paste some text in here and then hit submit. And when I do, some code could trigger. And in particular, the code it is going to trigger is this summary function over here. As we'll see in a bit, the text from this widget is going to go into this function, and then it's going to be used inside of this prompt. And in this prompt, I'm asking to get me a summary of a bit of text. And then the text that I pass into this function over here goes into this f string. I've also got a summary class defined over here that I'm going to be using as a schema. I'm going to get a bit of JSON back, and I'm going to load that into a Python dictionary. But what I hope is clear is that we're asking our LLM to make a summary of any text that we put in here, but also with a little bit of structure. So I'm going to have a title, a summary, as well as a pros and cons list. And what I'm about to do is I'm about to put in a transcript of a YouTube video that I made that concerns itself with a specific keyboard. So a whole lot of text. I'm going to hit submit. And that is going to trigger this one function down below over here. And it took about six seconds to do the round trip. But here we are. The transcripts were indeed about a keyboard called the GloVe80. And I can see a summary. I can see a title as well as a pros and cons list. And this is an interesting point in time in this course, because as far as building blocks go, we have really just been discussing a few of these methods. But because we can do all sorts of things with text, hopefully you can imagine that this does cover a lot of ground. we can come up with lots of useful functions that can do all sorts of elaborate tasks for us, as long as we can come up with a good prompt, hook it up with a good LLM, and maybe also provide it with a good schema. Give It a Try transcript 2:07 Transcript for Give It a Try (click to collapse) Before moving on to some advanced topics, I figured I might share this one notebook, which is something that I actually tend to use regularly, that uses some LLM code and is very similar to what we saw before. It's just that this notebook is a fair bit more elaborate to what we saw in the previous video. There is a lot of code over here, but eventually you are going to hit this one UI element that allows me to pass a YouTube URL, or in this case, a ID of a video. And then after I hit submit, it's going to go ahead and download the associated YouTube video. Then once I have that video on disk, I'm using an open source model called Whisper to turn the spoken text in that video into text in a file. And then that text is being passed on to an LLM. I wrote a prompt for it. And the whole point is that afterwards, I get a little bit of a summary out that I can quite easily turn into something that I can copy and paste on my blog. This in my is a perfect example of something that will save me a lot of time. And I can imagine there's a fair amount of these use cases for you as well. And one thing I do want to mention that's nice about doing this in the Marimo notebook is that what you're looking at here is a notebook in edit mode. But what I can also do is hit this button over here. It's going to toggle the app view. And this allows me to just look at the UI elements and the output elements of all of my cells. And lo and behold, once everything is done, here is the summary that I can go ahead and copy and paste to my blog. And there's a copy to clipboard button. And I like to think that if you spend a little bit of time making a notebook like this, maybe make a few of these notebooks that contain these little apps that just automate a little thing for you, this is great stuff to help get the ball rolling in terms of exposing yourself to some LLM tools. So at this point in the course, it might be good to take a break and to see if you can come up with a notebook that you can kind of turn into your own app that can go ahead and automate something for you. You're also free to check out the next videos, of course, but this will be a good point in time to see if you can maybe challenge yourself a little bit. Performance and Measurements 29:22 Scaling LLM Tasks with Python transcript 1:37 Transcript for Scaling LLM Tasks with Python (click to collapse) So far, the main ingredients of this course were that we would take a LLM model, combine it with a prompt that would contain some sort of a task, and then we had nice ways to maybe wrap that up inside of a Python function where text could go in and maybe some structured information could go out. And for a lot of use cases, this is actually a great starting point. But let's talk about a few things that actually have been easy so far. So far, we've been talking about a relatively small scale. That is to say, just one example at a time. So far, we've also been talking about situations where there was always a human in the loop. There's lots of great use cases for this, and keeping a human in the loop in general is a good idea. But there are also use cases where you want to really automate something, and then you cannot watch every single example manually. So in the next couple of videos, we're going to address some extra features that are good to know about if you're going to be writing LLM tools, so to say, that will try to dive into these topics specifically. And one part of it will be that we're going to talk about some general Python techniques that are going to be useful, like caching, as well as asynchronous programming. But when we're going to talk about this human-in-the-loop aspect, we are also going to have to talk a little bit about methodology. It's not always about what tools to use, it's also about knowing how to use them. And especially when it comes to LLMs that have to automate a task, we really need to think about measuring the performance of an LLM. So to discuss all of this, what we're going to do is we're going to take a relatively classic text classification example, and we're going to see if we can maybe tackle it with an LLM. In a lot of ways, it's definitely doable, but even for relatively simple tasks like this one, there are a few things to keep in the back of your mind. Async LLM Requests in Python transcript 2:21 Transcript for Async LLM Requests in Python (click to collapse) So I'm back inside of a Marimo notebook and this is the second notebook that you can find in the GitHub repository. Note that the same GitHub repository also has this spam.csv file and we're not going to take this entire file. We're going to keep it nice and cheap. We're just going to have a look at the top 200 examples or so. 200 examples isn't a whole lot but it's enough to maybe get some sort of measurement going so to say. And the whole point with this data set is that we have these text messages that were sent to people and some of these messages were definitely spam and other messages were not spam. This is the ham versus spam label. And it's a little bit unbalanced. Luckily, there are not that many spam messages. There's definitely more non-spam messages. But maybe it will be nice to see if we can get an LLM to actually handle this labeling for us. And to be very clear, you could definitely use classic machine learning algorithms over here. That would be a pretty good idea. But for sake of a tangible example, let's just see if we can get LLMs to handle this task. Now before moving on, let's just do a quick back of the envelope calculation. If I recall correctly, it could take anywhere between four and five seconds if we were a little bit unlucky to make a request to OpenAI and get something back. This depends a little bit on the task rate, but let's say it's around this ballpark. If we have 200 examples and worst case scenario, they'll take five seconds. Let's divide that by 60 seconds in a minute, but this would roughly take 15 minutes to run if I were to do one request after another. And you know, if you're patient, that can be fine. But in this particular case, we might as well go with some async code instead. In a nutshell, the whole point of running something asynchronously can be thought of as a metaphor. Let's say that you're baking a pizza, and let's say that you've got an oven. Well, once the pizza is ready to go into the oven, you don't have to sit next to the oven and stare at the oven while it is in there. While the pizza's in the oven, you can actually go and maybe prepare another pizza. Writing your code using the async functionality in Python effectively means that if you are this person over here, that you're gonna spend less time looking at the oven and more time preparing more pizzas. And for this course, we're gonna ignore most of the details of async that will be a course of its own, but it is good to keep in the back of your mind that we are going to be running our code somewhat concurrently and that I'm about to show you some code that does this. Demo: Async LLM Requests in Python transcript 2:59 Transcript for Demo: Async LLM Requests in Python (click to collapse) So let's demonstrate some benefits of running code asynchronously. Over here, I have a function that is asynchronous. It doesn't really do much. It just multiplies a number by two, but it also sleeps right there in the middle. This is to effectively simulate communicating with a server. It's going to take a little while before we get our response back. What I'm able to do, thanks to this helper over here that I've got from a plugin, I'm able to run this function concurrently over many inputs. And if I run this function, I also get this nice little progress bar on top. But again, the way to think about this is that we are going to have lots of these inputs. So I have a range full of inputs over here. I have input zero that's going to go off and run on a function. I've got input one. I've got many of these inputs. And I've also got this max concurrency setting over here. So that means that when I hit number nine, that's going to be sent off. But then we are not going to be running anything concurrently anymore until one of these items comes back. And when we do, then we move on to the next item in the list, etc, etc. But it does effectively mean that I've got this pool of 10 concurrent connections, I guess you could say, of things that are going to be running. And to maybe perhaps put that in a metaphor, this is kind of like having those 10 ovens, such that we can always have 10 pizzas in a oven, so to say. But just to confirm that this works, I can hit this play button to run this one cell. And we're able to see that indeed it jumps a little bit and it seems to go in batches of 10. And if I have a look at the right over here, we can see that this cell took about 10 seconds to run. Given that we had 100 inputs and a concurrency of 10, that also makes sense. So we're going to reuse this pattern a whole lot. But instead of having a function that just sleeps, we are going to call a LLM asynchronously, which is something that the LLM library totally supports. However, just like with the schema, it should be said that there are some models that support async, but not every model is supported here. Some implementations of some of the plugins don't support this asynchronous method, which is good to keep in the back of your mind. But if you're curious to know which models do support it, you can scroll down to see the full output list from the getAsyncModels function over here. And these are all the asynchronous functions that you can go ahead and use. Another thing to remember is that the fact that the function is async is great, but it could also be the case that you want to have a function that's both async and supports the schema. And if memory serves, for example, GPT 3.5 turbo does not support schemas, even though it does support async. So it can take a while to find the model that is just right. For this course, though, what I'm going to go ahead and do is use GPT 4 and GPT 4.0. And we're going to be comparing these two models. Before I do, though, there's this one aspect of performance that I should discuss first. Because if I run my code asynchronously, then that should definitely save me a whole lot of time. But there's still something that can go wrong even when I run code asynchronously. Caching LLM Calls transcript 2:19 Transcript for Caching LLM Calls (click to collapse) So let's consider that we are going to have a Python function, and let's also consider that it's going to be a synchronous Python function. Then a really big benefit is that this function can run concurrently, which means that we will be waiting way less. But why even wait? And what I mean by that is, let's consider the inputs. I'm going to have a text message, as well as a prompt that maybe goes into a function like this. And then the LLM needs to provide some sort of a label, so to say. But you can also imagine that I might try more than one LLM. So sure, there's a bunch of inputs and an output. But what you can also imagine is that I'm going to be trying out a whole bunch of different LLMs and maybe a whole bunch of different prompts to figure out which one works best. But it would really be a shame that if I have a set of inputs that's exactly the same as something that I ran earlier, that I would still run this function. It would be a whole lot nicer if I could maybe relay that off to some sort of a cache. The setup here would be that we have our text message. We have our prompt and maybe our LLM. And then what we're going to do is we're first going to check, hey, was that combination something that we've used before? We're going to check a little database for that. And if that's the case, well, then we are just going to use the cache to give us the answer. If the answer is no, then we are going to use our Python function to call the LLM and maybe do the big heavy compute. But the benefit of having all your answers in a cache is kind of twofold. For one, having this on disk is just kind of nice, because every time that you want to maybe run a new prompt, you will still have your old results on disk and available for comparison. But the second really big benefit is that you don't suddenly incur big costs, because you never really want to be in a position where you accidentally forgot to save your results, and therefore you're going to have to run 500 of these requests again. That's just going to cost you a lot of money if you're not careful. So in the code that we're about to discuss, we're going to use a lightweight cache that you can use with Python called disk cache. And the way that all of that works is we're going to be running a local SQLite database, but you're not going to interact with it directly. You're going to be interacting with the disk cache library instead. But it is good to know that all of your data is stored locally on disk in SQLite. And you have manual control over it as well. Asynchronous LLM Cache transcript 2:40 Transcript for Asynchronous LLM Cache (click to collapse) So with that bit of context, hopefully you understand why I have declared a cache variable over here. I'm using disk cache, this points to a folder on disk, and this is just a reference to a SQLites table that is going to take care of all the caching on my behalf. I'm also making a dictionary of models here, by the way, such that I can use a string to refer to a model from the LLM library. Note, both of these two models are async. I've also got a base prompt over here, as well as a base model that's defined. And I've got my asynchronous function. Note how it wor | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
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https://dev.to/scale_youtube/devoxx-investing-for-geeks-v110-by-foivos-zakkak-4cm2 | Devoxx: Investing for geeks v1.1.0 by Foivos Zakkak - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Scale YouTube Posted on Oct 3, 2025 Devoxx: Investing for geeks v1.1.0 by Foivos Zakkak # career # productivity Investing for geeks v1.1.0 by Foivos Zakkak tackles that all-too-familiar developer problem: extra cash languishing in low-interest savings accounts that can’t keep up with inflation. Instead of watching your hard-earned money lose value, this talk covers the basics of budgeting and introduces index investing via ETFs—one of the simplest, most accessible ways to start growing your nest egg. This updated, compressed version of the popular Devoxx Greece 2025 session by Georgios Andrianakis and Dimitris Kateros walks you through setting up a budget, choosing the right ETFs, and finally making your money work for you instead of your bank. Watch on YouTube Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Scale YouTube Follow Joined Aug 2, 2025 More from Scale YouTube NDC Conferences: Optimize Your Internal OS and Minimize Compatibility Issues at Work - Alice Meredith # career NDC Conferences: Optimize Your Internal OS and Minimize Compatibility Issues at Work - Alice Meredith # career NDC Conferences: Optimize Your Internal OS and Minimize Compatibility Issues at Work - Alice Meredith # career 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://dev.to/claudio_santos/hello-aws-builders-im-claudio-4d50#main-content | Hello AWS Builders, I’m Cláudio - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Cláudio Menezes de Oliveira Santos Posted on Jan 5 Hello AWS Builders, I’m Cláudio # career # aws # cloud # ai Hello everyone. My name is Cláudio and I have around 10 years of experience in IT, focused on technical support and systems monitoring. My foundation comes from NOC environments, working proactively to keep infrastructure stable, and from supporting corporate services, especially within the Microsoft ecosystem, including Microsoft 365, Exchange Online, Microsoft Defender, and Entra ID. Recently, I have been dedicating my time to Cloud and Artificial Intelligence. I already hold the Microsoft AZ 900 certification, I am pursuing a degree in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, improving my Python skills, and preparing for the next steps in my certification journey. I also have my AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner exam scheduled, because I want to strengthen my AWS fundamentals and grow consistently on the platform. I joined this community to learn from you, exchange real world experiences, and contribute with what I have learned in support and operations, especially around monitoring, observability basics, security fundamentals, and incident troubleshooting. If you are also transitioning into cloud or AI, I would love to connect and learn together. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Cláudio Menezes de Oliveira Santos Follow I have 10 years in IT support and NOC, work with Microsoft 365, Entra ID and Defender, already hold AZ 900, study for AWS Practitioner, and I am earning a degree in AI and Machine Learning. Joined Jan 5, 2026 Trending on DEV Community Hot The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning AI should not be in Code Editors # programming # ai # productivity # discuss What was your win this week??? # weeklyretro # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. 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https://forem.com/t/design/page/5 | Design Page 5 - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Design Follow Hide More than just making things look nice... Create Post Older #design posts 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Why I Built My Personal Developer Portfolio (and What You Can Learn From It) Badhon Biswas Badhon Biswas Badhon Biswas Follow Dec 12 '25 Why I Built My Personal Developer Portfolio (and What You Can Learn From It) # showdev # frontend # design # career Comments 1 comment 1 min read Complete Onboarding Breakdown: 9 Steps from First Screen to Paywall paywallpro paywallpro paywallpro Follow Dec 12 '25 Complete Onboarding Breakdown: 9 Steps from First Screen to Paywall # ios # mobile # design # ui Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why Design Patterns? Abiel Tiezazu berhe Abiel Tiezazu berhe Abiel Tiezazu berhe Follow Dec 12 '25 Why Design Patterns? # discuss # architecture # design Comments Add Comment 2 min read Mengapa Desain Visual Menentukan Tingkat Ketertarikan Pembaca Digital Ega Stinka Ega Stinka Ega Stinka Follow Dec 12 '25 Mengapa Desain Visual Menentukan Tingkat Ketertarikan Pembaca Digital # design # web # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read How AI Can Help Maintain Design Consistency in Low-Code Platforms Arbisoft Arbisoft Arbisoft Follow Dec 11 '25 How AI Can Help Maintain Design Consistency in Low-Code Platforms # ai # design # ux Comments Add Comment 3 min read Best Alternatives to Remove.bg for Background Removal Bianca Rus Bianca Rus Bianca Rus Follow Dec 11 '25 Best Alternatives to Remove.bg for Background Removal # tooling # productivity # design # webdev Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to Build Trust With Support Page Visuals and Microcopy FreePixel FreePixel FreePixel Follow Dec 11 '25 How to Build Trust With Support Page Visuals and Microcopy # support # uxwriting # design # microcopy Comments Add Comment 3 min read Common UX mistakes beginners make (and how to fix them) — tips for branding and web development projects Pixel Mosaic Pixel Mosaic Pixel Mosaic Follow Jan 3 Common UX mistakes beginners make (and how to fix them) — tips for branding and web development projects # ux # webdev # design # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read StyleX: A Styling Library for CSS at Scale Sami Tadros Sami Tadros Sami Tadros Follow Dec 11 '25 StyleX: A Styling Library for CSS at Scale # css # frontend # design Comments Add Comment 1 min read Why U.S. Users Convert Better paywallpro paywallpro paywallpro Follow Dec 10 '25 Why U.S. Users Convert Better # paywall # design # ios # mobile Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why I Redesign Product Pages Before Touching the Homepage: A Winning Ecommerce Strategy prateekshaweb prateekshaweb prateekshaweb Follow Dec 10 '25 Why I Redesign Product Pages Before Touching the Homepage: A Winning Ecommerce Strategy # design # product # ux Comments Add Comment 3 min read Difference Between UI and UX — Simple Explanation Pixel Mosaic Pixel Mosaic Pixel Mosaic Follow Jan 2 Difference Between UI and UX — Simple Explanation # ui # ux # design # frontend Comments Add Comment 1 min read UX Features Clients Expect in a Modern Wealth Management App — Design & Implementation Tips for 2024 prateekshaweb prateekshaweb prateekshaweb Follow Dec 9 '25 UX Features Clients Expect in a Modern Wealth Management App — Design & Implementation Tips for 2024 # ux # mobile # design # security Comments Add Comment 3 min read Introducing Oxlevon: An Open Source Stack for ML & Embedded Systems for improving business productivity. ovwigho kevwe ovwigho kevwe ovwigho kevwe Follow for Oxlevon Technologies Jan 2 Introducing Oxlevon: An Open Source Stack for ML & Embedded Systems for improving business productivity. # ai # design # programming # dataviz Comments Add Comment 1 min read Designing Theme Sections for Story-Led Brands: Lookbooks, Bundles, and Editorial Blocks prateekshaweb prateekshaweb prateekshaweb Follow Dec 9 '25 Designing Theme Sections for Story-Led Brands: Lookbooks, Bundles, and Editorial Blocks # design # a11y # performance # webdev Comments Add Comment 3 min read The US Tech Force just launched. It's title font is Canadian. And it gets worse. Peter W Peter W Peter W Follow Dec 22 '25 The US Tech Force just launched. It's title font is Canadian. And it gets worse. # news # civictech # design # ai 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read A solid explanation to SOLID Principle Aman Kr Pandey Aman Kr Pandey Aman Kr Pandey Follow Dec 31 '25 A solid explanation to SOLID Principle # solidprinciples # designpatterns # lld # design 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Full Site Editing al Máximo Nivel: Cómo Usar Bloques Avanzados para Crear Sitios Premium Joaquin Sáez Joaquin Sáez Joaquin Sáez Follow Dec 8 '25 Full Site Editing al Máximo Nivel: Cómo Usar Bloques Avanzados para Crear Sitios Premium # webdev # tutorial # design 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 11 min read Anatomy of an Effective SaaS Navigation Menu Design Lollypop Design Lollypop Design Lollypop Design Follow Dec 9 '25 Anatomy of an Effective SaaS Navigation Menu Design # saas # ux # design # ui 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read You Don't Hate Abstractions Jerrett Davis Jerrett Davis Jerrett Davis Follow Dec 8 '25 You Don't Hate Abstractions # architecture # programming # design # development Comments Add Comment 19 min read 2025 Industry Report: The State of Design Software and AI Integration FutureForm Lab FutureForm Lab FutureForm Lab Follow Dec 12 '25 2025 Industry Report: The State of Design Software and AI Integration # ai # design # architecture Comments Add Comment 9 min read The Evolution of Landscape Design Workflow: A 2026 Perspective on AI FutureForm Lab FutureForm Lab FutureForm Lab Follow Dec 8 '25 The Evolution of Landscape Design Workflow: A 2026 Perspective on AI # discuss # ai # architecture # design Comments Add Comment 6 min read How Online Sellers Use AI Background Tools to Boost Product Appeal FreePixel FreePixel FreePixel Follow Dec 8 '25 How Online Sellers Use AI Background Tools to Boost Product Appeal # ai # ecommerce # design # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read Usage Based Billing: A Practical Guide for Engineers Nikhil Kassetty Nikhil Kassetty Nikhil Kassetty Follow Dec 8 '25 Usage Based Billing: A Practical Guide for Engineers # design # tutorial # architecture # billing Comments Add Comment 5 min read Exploring Dark Mode Web Design: Why It Matters and How to Do It Right prateekshaweb prateekshaweb prateekshaweb Follow Dec 19 '25 Exploring Dark Mode Web Design: Why It Matters and How to Do It Right # ux # ui # design # a11y Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/szabgab/why-use-a-version-control-system-3o93#main-content | Why use a version control system? - 💒 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Gabor Szabo Posted on Nov 28, 2022 • Originally published at code-maven.com Why use a version control system? - 💒 # git # beginners # programming # tutorial git-on-windows (2 Part Series) 1 Why use a version control system? - 💒 2 Download and install git on Linux, Windows, and macOS Most people will save versions of whatever they are working on. For example if they work on a file called wedding_vows.doc at one point they might save it as wedding_vows_1.doc 💒 and then when they get divorced and marry again they might update the original file and now create a copy called wedding_vows_2.doc 💒💒. Then they go on and might have wedding_vows_3.doc etc. If they have multiple files then maybe the create a copy of all the files and put them in directories called " wedding_1 " and " wedding_2 ". Some other people, instead of numbering the versions they attach the current date to it. So they would have a file called wedding_vows_2013_01_07.doc or a folder called wedding_2013_01_07 that also has all the pictures from the wedding. They basically create a home-made, manual version control system. If you are writing an application then usually you'll have a lot more files and you'll have a lot more versions. Then this home-made version control can easily get out of control. Why reinvent the wheel if there are already excellent open source version control systems? Such as git? Advantages of having a Version Control System (VCS) There are a number of advantages using a well-known VCS. One of them is that if you'd like someone else to start working on your project you don't need to teach them about your own VCS. Most likely they already know how to use it. Fearless experimentation If you are a chemist and you combine two materials, in most cases you cannot go back and separate them again. If you are doctor and cut of a part of a patient in the hope that it will solve the problem the patient has, you cannot go back. You cannot undo it. In programming if you overwrite a file with some changes your editor might have an undo functionality, but it is usually very limited in its history. Using a version control system a programmer could do any experiment and safely know that s/he can go back to an earlier state, an earlier version of the code. Fearless deletion In many cases I see people keep around old code saying: ok maybe we'll need it at some point. Currently we are not using this code but maybe some day need to copy-paste from it or maybe literally we'll need to use it, so we don't delete it. Then you accumulate a lot of, well, basically garbage. Code that's not used that not only takes up space and compilation time, but take up a lot of brain cycles (mental energy) when someone actually read you code an encounters this function and tries to understand it. The person might spend a lot of time trying to figure out what does this function do till they realize that the function is not in use. Or maybe it is in use by something else which is not in use. So it can get complicated. If you have a version control system like git or some other version control system then you can just delete this code, commit your changes to your version control system and at any point of time when you need it you can go back this version, look at it copy from it pieces, or just bring back the whole piece of code in case you now need it. Easier (smoother) collaboration Another thing is the easier and quite smooth collaboration with other people. As long as you work alone you don't need collaboration, of course, but once you do collaborate, having a version control system is extremely important. Let's go back to the example without version control system. You have a file. You make some changes. Another person has the same file. That person also makes some changes. How can you now combine (merge together) the two changes? How can you make sure that the changes of both of you are kept? In many organization there is a shared disk and people take files from there and save it back. What if two people try to edit the file at the same file? Either the system limits that only one person can open the file at one time, but that means people have to wait one for the other. Or if there is no locking then if both edit and save the file then the second one wins. All the changes made by the person who saved first will be lost. Having a version control system can make this really smooth Of course it is not perfect and there still might be some issue. The people still have to talk to each other, but in many cases it makes it a lot smoother to collaborate with other people. Even if they are in different time-zones, different locations History One of the basic thing is that you can easily look at the history of your code base. What changed were made, if there multiple people contributing to the source code then who made the changes. If you are keeping a good track of why you made the change, so every time when you make a change you have some explanation why did you do that then it's a gold mine. Actually I rarely need to look at the history, but when you do, it's extremely important, it is extremely valuable that you can look at the history. It is a little-bit like backups. You really rarely need to have backups when you do, if you don't have it then it is a really big issue. So this is more or less similar to history although we'll look a lot more at the history just because we all kinds of small mistakes. So for example, one of the mistakes that we can easily make: You have some working code and then you make some changes, other people make some changes and check the parts that you changes. Two weeks later someone reports that some feature stopped working. They know it used to work. You remember it used to work, but you see that it does not work now. You may remember that it worked two weeks ago. How can you find out what happened? Which change broke it? Version control systems in general and git specifically have tools for it, but without having this history we really can't do anything. Having the history you'll be able to track down which change caused this error? Why was that change made? Usually these changes are made for some good purpose, but maybe they have some side-effects. You will have to understand that and not just revert the change, because that will break something else. Which Version Control System (VCS)? Finally, just to get to end of the slide, there are bunch of version control systems. Some of them are proprietary so you have to buy them, many of them are open source. There is a list of them on the slide: git, mercurial (hg), subversion (svn), cvs, rcs, ... that's just going back in history. The most popular these days is git. Most popular by far. It is a distributed version control system, it was created by Linus Torvalds the same person who created the Linux Operating System (actually the Linux kernel), It is used by almost everyone. Both Open Source and corporate. So that's what you are going to learn later on in this course. This is part of a series I am going to publish in the coming days. Stay tuned. git-on-windows (2 Part Series) 1 Why use a version control system? - 💒 2 Download and install git on Linux, Windows, and macOS Top comments (3) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Mark Gardner Mark Gardner Mark Gardner Follow I show software developers how to level up by building production-ready things that work. Clear code, real projects, lessons learned. Location Houston, Texas Education Independence University Pronouns he, him, his Work Software Engineer III at LexisNexis Risk Solutions Joined Nov 9, 2020 • Nov 29 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide For what it’s worth, in the single-file single-user case a well-developed document-based macOS app can use built-in APIs to enable saving and reverting to previous versions of a document . This is independent of whether the document is being backed up by the included Time Machine or third-party backup software. Unfortunately not all apps use this facility, and it doesn’t account for reverting related and interdependent files together, to say nothing of fancier features like branching, tagging, or collaboration with others on the same document. But it’s nice and can help keep you from cluttering your storage with Wedding Vows , Wedding Vows 1 , Wedding Vows 2 , Wedding Vows final , Wedding Vows final FINAL , etc. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Nov 29 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide ... and if you have ever worked on a VMS, on every save operation it would create a new copy of the file numbered 1,2, ... so basically everything you did on the filesystem was versioned. You could also easily remove old versions of a file when you decided you are not interested in that any more. And that was 30+ years ago. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mark Gardner Mark Gardner Mark Gardner Follow I show software developers how to level up by building production-ready things that work. Clear code, real projects, lessons learned. Location Houston, Texas Education Independence University Pronouns he, him, his Work Software Engineer III at LexisNexis Risk Solutions Joined Nov 9, 2020 • Nov 29 '22 • Edited on Nov 29 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I do remember that from the brief time I was on a VMS system. I was disappointed that I had to use the separate rcs command on Unix to achieve similar results. The nice thing about macOS persistent versioned documents is they use Core Data , so they’re structured as an object graph rather than a text stream and individual entities’ attributes can be diffed, merged, and synced. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 More from Gabor Szabo Perl 🐪 Weekly #755 - Does TIOBE help Perl? # perl # news # programming Perl 🐪 Weekly #754 - New Year Resolution # perl # news # programming Perl 🐪 Weekly #753 - Happy New Year! # perl # news # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/scale_youtube/devoxx-investing-for-geeks-v110-by-foivos-zakkak-fag | Devoxx: Investing for geeks v1.1.0 by Foivos Zakkak - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Scale YouTube Posted on Oct 3, 2025 Devoxx: Investing for geeks v1.1.0 by Foivos Zakkak # career # productivity This talk is a crash course for developers tired of watching inflation eat away at their idle savings. You’ll get a no-fluff intro to budgeting and index investing through ETFs—one of the simplest, most recommended ways for beginners to get their money working harder than a server in overdrive. By the end, you’ll have a clear starting point for making your cash hustle for you instead of lining your bank’s pockets. Foivos Zakkak’s version is a lean, updated spin on the hit “Investing for geeks” from Devoxx Greece 2025. Watch on YouTube Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Scale YouTube Follow Joined Aug 2, 2025 More from Scale YouTube NDC Conferences: Optimize Your Internal OS and Minimize Compatibility Issues at Work - Alice Meredith # career NDC Conferences: Optimize Your Internal OS and Minimize Compatibility Issues at Work - Alice Meredith # career NDC Conferences: Optimize Your Internal OS and Minimize Compatibility Issues at Work - Alice Meredith # career 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://docs.github.com/en/copilot/get-started/plans | Plans for GitHub Copilot - GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Free, Pro, & Team Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar GitHub Copilot / Get started / Plans Home GitHub Copilot Get started Quickstart What is GitHub Copilot? Plans Features Best practices Choose enterprise plan Achieve company goals Concepts Completions Code suggestions Text completion Code referencing Chat Agents Coding agent About coding agent Agent management Custom agents Access management MCP and coding agent Code review Copilot CLI OpenAI Codex Agent Skills Enterprise management Spark Prompting Prompt engineering Response customization Context MCP Spaces Repository indexing Content exclusion Tools AI tools About Copilot integrations Auto model selection Rate limits Billing Copilot requests Individual plans Billing for individuals Organizations and enterprises Copilot-only enterprises Policies MCP management Network settings Copilot usage metrics How-tos Set up Set up for self Set up for organization Set up for enterprise Set up a dedicated enterprise Install Copilot extension Install Copilot CLI Get code suggestions Get IDE code suggestions Write PR descriptions Find matching code Chat with Copilot Get started with Chat Chat in IDE Chat in Windows Terminal Chat in GitHub Chat in Mobile Use Copilot agents Manage agents Coding agent Create a PR Update existing PR Track Copilot sessions Review Copilot PRs Create custom agents Test custom agents Extend coding agent with MCP Integrate coding agent with Slack Integrate coding agent with Teams Integrate coding agent with Linear Changing the AI model Customize the agent environment Customize the agent firewall Troubleshoot coding agent Request a code review Use code review Configure automatic review Manage tools Use Copilot CLI Use AI models Configure access to AI models Change the chat model Change the completion model Provide context Use Copilot Spaces Create Copilot Spaces Use Copilot Spaces Collaborate with others Use MCP Extend Copilot Chat with MCP Set up the GitHub MCP Server Enterprise configuration Configure toolsets Use the GitHub MCP Server Change MCP registry Configure custom instructions Add personal instructions Add repository instructions Add organization instructions Configure content exclusion Exclude content from Copilot Review changes Use Copilot for common tasks Use Copilot to create or update issues Create a PR summary Use Copilot in the CLI Configure personal settings Configure network settings Configure in IDE Authenticate to GHE.com Manage and track spending Monitor premium requests Manage request allowances Manage company spending Manage your account Get started with a Copilot plan Get free access to Copilot Pro View and change your Copilot plan Disable Copilot Free Manage policies Administer Copilot Manage for organization Manage plan Subscribe Cancel Manage access Grant access Manage requests for access Revoke access Manage network access Manage policies Add Copilot coding agent Prepare for custom agents Review activity Review user activity data Review audit logs Use your own API keys Manage for enterprise Manage plan Subscribe Cancel plan Upgrade plan Downgrade subscription Manage access Grant access Disable for organizations View license usage Manage network access Manage enterprise policies Manage agents Prepare for custom agents Monitor agentic activity Manage Copilot coding agent Manage Copilot code review Manage Spark View usage and adoption View code generation Use your own API keys Manage MCP usage Configure MCP registry Configure MCP server access Download activity report Troubleshoot Copilot Troubleshoot common issues View logs Troubleshoot firewall settings Troubleshoot network errors Troubleshoot Spark Reference Cheat sheet AI models Supported models Model comparison Model hosting Keyboard shortcuts Custom agents configuration Custom instructions support Policy conflicts Copilot allowlist reference MCP allowlist enforcement Metrics data Copilot billing Billing cycle Seat assignment License changes Azure billing Agentic audit log events Review excluded files Copilot usage metrics Copilot usage metrics data Interpret usage metrics Reconciling Copilot usage metrics Copilot LoC metrics 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explainer Debugging tutor Code reviewer GitHub Actions helper Pull request assistant Issue manager Accessibility auditor Testing automation Prompt files Your first prompt file Create README Onboarding plan Document API Review code Generate unit tests Custom agents Your first custom agent Implementation planner Bug fix teammate Cleanup specialist Coding agent Get the best results Pilot coding agent Spark Your first spark Prompt tips Build and deploy apps Deploy from CLI Use custom instructions Enhance agent mode with MCP Compare AI models Speed up development work Roll out at scale Assign licenses Set up self-serve licenses Track usage and adoption Remind inactive users Establish AI managers Enable developers Drive adoption Integrate AI agents Drive downstream impact Increase test coverage Accelerate pull requests Reduce security debt Measure trial success Explore a codebase Explore issues and discussions Explore pull requests Write tests Refactor code Optimize code reviews Reduce technical debt Review AI code Learn a new language Modernize legacy code Modernize Java applications Migrate a project Plan a project Vibe coding Upgrade projects Responsible use Copilot inline suggestions Chat in your IDE Chat in GitHub Chat in GitHub Mobile Copilot CLI Copilot in Windows Terminal Copilot in GitHub Desktop Pull request summaries Copilot text completion Commit message generation Code review Copilot coding agent Spark Copilot Spaces GitHub Copilot / Get started / Plans Plans for GitHub Copilot Learn about the available plans for Copilot. View page as Markdown In this article Comparing Copilot plans Ready to choose a plan? Footnotes GitHub offers several plans for GitHub Copilot, depending on your needs and whether you're using Copilot as an individual or as part of an organization or enterprise. GitHub Copilot Free is available to individual developers who don't have access to Copilot through an organization or enterprise. This free plan includes limited access to select Copilot features, allowing you to try AI-powered coding assistance at no cost. GitHub Copilot Pro is designed for individuals who want more flexibility. This paid plan includes unlimited completions, access to premium models in Copilot Chat, access to Copilot coding agent, and a monthly allowance of premium requests. Verified students, teachers, and maintainers of popular open source projects may be eligible for free access. GitHub Copilot Pro+ offers the highest level of access for individual developers. In addition to everything in Copilot Pro, this plan includes a larger allowance of premium requests, and full access to all available models in Copilot Chat. Ideal for AI power users who want access to the most advanced capabilities. GitHub Copilot Business is for organizations on GitHub Free or GitHub Team plan, or enterprises on GitHub Enterprise Cloud. This plan includes Copilot coding agent and enables centralized management and Copilot policy control for organization members. GitHub Copilot Enterprise is for enterprises using GitHub Enterprise Cloud. It includes all the features of Copilot Business, plus additional enterprise-grade capabilities. Enterprise owners can assign Copilot Enterprise or Copilot Business to individual organizations, or assign Copilot Business directly to users and teams. Copilot is not currently available for GitHub Enterprise Server. Comparing Copilot plans The tables below show the features available in each Copilot plan. Copilot Free Copilot Pro Copilot Pro+ Copilot Business Copilot Enterprise Pricing Not applicable $10 USD per month, or $100 USD per year (free for some users) $39 USD per month, or $390 USD per year $19 USD per granted seat per month $39 USD per granted seat per month Premium requests 50 per month 300 per month 1500 per month 300 per user per month 1000 per user per month Purchase additional premium requests at $0.04/request Agents Agents Copilot Free Copilot Pro Copilot Pro+ Copilot Business Copilot Enterprise Copilot coding agent Agent mode Copilot code review Only "Review selection" in VS Code Model Context Protocol (MCP) Chat Chat Copilot Free Copilot Pro Copilot Pro+ Copilot Business Copilot Enterprise Copilot Chat in IDEs 1 2 50 messages per month Unlimited with included models Unlimited with included models Unlimited with included models Unlimited with included models Inline chat Slash commands Copilot Chat in GitHub Mobile Copilot Chat in GitHub Copilot Chat in Windows Terminal Increased GitHub Models rate limits 3 Copilot Chat skills in IDEs 4 Models Available models in chat Copilot Free Copilot Pro Copilot Pro+ Copilot Business Copilot Enterprise Claude Haiku 4.5 Claude Opus 4.1 Claude Opus 4.5 Claude Sonnet 4 Claude Sonnet 4.5 Gemini 2.5 Pro Gemini 3 Flash Gemini 3 Pro GPT-4.1 GPT-5 GPT-5 mini GPT-5-Codex GPT-5.1 GPT-5.1-Codex GPT-5.1-Codex-Mini GPT-5.1-Codex-Max GPT-5.2 Grok Code Fast 1 Raptor mini Inline suggestions Inline suggestions Copilot Free Copilot Pro Copilot Pro+ Copilot Business Copilot Enterprise Real-time code suggestions with included models 5 2000 completions per month Next edit suggestions Customization Customization Copilot Free Copilot Pro Copilot Pro+ Copilot Business Copilot Enterprise Repository and personal custom instructions Organization custom instructions (public preview) Prompt files Model Context Protocol (MCP) Block suggestions matching public code Exclude specified files from Copilot Organization-wide policy management Other features Copilot Free Copilot Pro Copilot Pro+ Copilot Business Copilot Enterprise Copilot pull request summaries Audit logs Content exclusion Copilot CLI GitHub Spark (public preview) For more information, see GitHub Copilot features . Ready to choose a plan? Start using Copilot by signing up for the plan that best fits your needs. Copilot Free — Try Copilot with limited features and requests. Start using Copilot Free . Copilot Pro — Get unlimited completions and access to premium models. Includes a free 30-day trial for eligible users. Try Copilot Pro for free . Copilot Pro+ — Unlock advanced AI models, extended request limits, and extra capabilities. Subscribe to Copilot Pro+ . Copilot Business — For teams and organizations. Subscribe to Copilot Business . Copilot Enterprise — For enterprises that need advanced features and centralized management. Subscribe to Copilot Enterprise . Footnotes Copilot Chat in IDEs is available in Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, JetBrains IDEs, Eclipse, and Xcode. ↩ Response times may vary during periods of high usage. ↩ For details about the increased rate limits, see Prototyping with AI models . ↩ Copilot Chat skills in IDEs is available in Visual Studio Code and Visual Studio. ↩ Inline suggestions in IDEs is available in Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, JetBrains IDEs, Azure Data Studio, Xcode, Vim/Neovim, and Eclipse. ↩ Help and support Did you find what you needed? Yes No Privacy policy Help us make these docs great! All GitHub docs are open source. See something that's wrong or unclear? Submit a pull request. Make a contribution Learn how to contribute Still need help? Ask the GitHub community Contact support Legal © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Status Pricing Expert services Blog | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://dev.to/challenges/wlh#main-content | World's Largest Hackathon Writing Challenge - DEV Challenge - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Challenges > World's Largest Hackathon Writing Challenge Challenge ends soon! Submit your entry now DAYS : HOURS : MINUTES : SECONDS See prompts World's Largest Hackathon Writing Challenge View Entries Please sign in to follow this challenge Reflect and Share Your World's Largest Hackathon Journey! Challenge Status: Ended Ended Join our next Challenge The building period for the World's Largest Hackathon has officially wrapped up, and what an incredible month it was! With over 130,000 builders registered, this event truly lived up to its name as a launchpad for the next generation of creators. Now it's time to reflect, share, and celebrate the journey. Running through July 31 , the World's Largest Hackathon Writing Challenge offers everyone a chance to document their building experience and share it with the community. Maybe you joined your first hackathon team, discovered the power of AI-assisted development, or found that your project took on a life of its own beyond any competition. Each of our three prompts captures a different aspect of the WLH experience, giving you the freedom to share what mattered most to you. Read on for the prompts! Key Dates Contest start: July 01, 2025 Submissions due: July 31, 2025 Winners announced: August 21, 2025 Badge Rewards WLH Writing Challenge Winner Badge WLH Writing Challenge Completion Badge Find Out More Ask questions and share your ideas on the World's Largest Hackathon Writing Challenge Launch Post. View Launch Post Sponsored by Bolt.new Build stunning apps & websites by chatting with ai. Learn More → Challenge Prompts Building with Bolt Share your project development experience and technical journey. You might cover what you built, how Bolt.new transformed your development process, any sponsor challenges you tackled, favorite code snippets or prompts, or how AI-powered development changed your approach to building. Submission Template Judging Criteria: Style and presentation Clarity Originality Beyond the Code Tell us about the human side of your hackathon experience. You might cover your team collaboration dynamics, IRL events you attended, connections you made, mentors who helped you, community moments that stood out, networking experiences, or shout-outs to people who made your hackathon memorable. Submission Template Judging Criteria: Style and presentation Clarity Originality After the Hack Share what's next for you and your project, and reflect on what you learned. Whether you're continuing development, launching a startup, or found that building became more important than competing, tell us about your future plans, personal transformation, skills gained, or how this month of creation changed your trajectory. Submission Template Judging Criteria: Style and presentation Clarity Originality Frequently Asked Questions Participation Can I submit to multiple prompts? Yes, you are welcome to submit to multiple prompts. Can one submission qualify for multiple prompts? Yes, if your submission offers a solution to multiple prompts, it can qualify for multiple prompts. Can I submit to a prompt more than once? Yes, you can submit multiple submissions per prompt but you’ll need to publish a separate post for each submission. In the event that you may win two or more prompts, and your submission is very close with another participant, we will favor the other participant. In the event that you do win two or more prompts, you will only receive one winner badge. Can I work on a team? Yes, you can work on a team up to the amount of people you worked on the World's Largest Hackathon with. How old do I have to be to participate? Participants need to be 18+ in order to participate. If I live in X, am I eligible to participate? For eligibility rules, see our official challenge rules . Submission Do submissions have to be in English? Non-english submissions are eligible for a completion badge but not eligible for prizes due to the current limitations of our judges. We will not be judging on mastery of the English language, so please don’t let this deter you from submitting if you are not a native English speaker! We hope to evolve this in the future to be more accommodating. What happens if my submission is considered plagiarized or invalid? Anything deemed to be plagiarism will not be eligible for prizes. Incidental plagiarism may simply result in your disqualification from the challenge (regardless of the number of other valid submissions you have published). Egregious plagiarism will result in your suspension from DEV entirely. Any non-generic, non-trivial usage of prior work, including open source code must be credited in your submission. Can I use AI? Use of AI is allowed as long as all other rules are followed. We want to give you a chance to show off your skills in realistic scenarios. If you use AI tools to help you achieve your submission, all the power to you. Judging and Prizing Can there be ties? In the event of a tie in scoring between judges, the judges will select the entry that received the highest number of positive reactions on their post to determine the winner. How will I know if I won? Winners will be announced in a DEV post on the winner announcement date noted in our key dates section. When will I receive my badge? Both participation and winner badges will be awarded, in most cases, the same day as the winner announcement. World's Largest Hackathon Writing Challenge Rules NO PURCHASE NECESSARY. Open only to 18+. Contest entry period ends 2025-07-31, 2025 at 11:59 PM PDT. Contest is void where prohibited or restricted by law or regulation. All entires must be submitted during the content period. For Official Rules, see World’s Largest Hackathon Writing Challenge Contest Rules and General Contest Official Rules . 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Report Abuse Riyana Patel for PullFlow Posted on Jul 25, 2025 • Edited on Jul 29, 2025 • Originally published at youtu.be Project of the Week: Clerk # javascript # opensource # discuss # clerk 🍩 Project of the Week (26 Part Series) 1 Introducing: Project of the Week! 2 Project of the Week: Prisma ... 22 more parts... 3 Project of the Week: TanStack Query 4 Project of the Week: HedgeDoc 🦔 5 Project of the Week: Grafana 6 Project of the Week: Ghost 👻 7 Project of the Week: TensorFlow 8 Project of the Week: MapLibre 9 Project of the Week: Windmill 10 Project of the Week: Deno 11 Project of the Week - 10 Weeks Later! 12 Project of the Week: Excalidraw 13 Project of the Week: Supabase 14 Project of the Week: Clerk 15 Project of the Week: freeCodeCamp 16 Project of the Week: Appwrite 17 Project of the Week: Chart.js 18 Project of the Week: n8n 19 Project of the Week: PyTorch 20 Project of the Week: Emotion-js 21 Project of the Week: Chainguard 22 Project of the Week: Dify 23 Project of the Week: Alpine.js 24 Project of the Week: Svelte 25 Project of the Week: .NET Runtime 26 LobeChat: Where Bots Write 23% of the Code and Reviews Take 42 Seconds Authentication made simple: the JavaScript SDK with lightning-fast review cycles Introduction Building secure authentication shouldn't feel like solving a cryptographic puzzle. Clerk has transformed how developers approach user management by providing a complete authentication and user management platform that just works. Their JavaScript SDK, powering thousands of applications, offers everything from social logins to multi-factor authentication with a developer experience that's nothing short of delightful. With robust TypeScript support and a thriving developer ecosystem, Clerk has become the go-to choice for teams who want enterprise-grade security without the complexity. We analyzed their development collaboration on collab.dev and discovered a team that moves at incredible speed while maintaining exceptional quality standards. Key Highlights from the Data Blazing Fast Review Response 11-minute median review turnaround - Clerk's team responds to pull requests faster than most teams respond to Slack messages. With 58% of PRs reviewed within the first hour and 76.5% reviewed within 24 hours, contributors rarely have to wait long for feedback. This speed keeps momentum high and makes contributing feel rewarding. Exceptional Quality Standards 96% review coverage means almost every change gets proper scrutiny before hitting production. Combined with their rapid response times, this shows a team that values both speed and quality - a rare combination in software development. Core Team Efficiency 68% of contributions come from the core team , with 24% from community contributors and 8% from automated processes. This concentrated expertise likely contributes to their ability to maintain such fast review cycles while keeping architectural consistency. Streamlined Automation 13.2% bot activity with 6 unique bots handling routine tasks keeps the human contributors focused on what matters most. The relatively low bot percentage suggests thoughtful automation that enhances rather than overwhelms the development process. The Clerk Advantage: Speed Meets Precision Clerk's collaboration metrics paint a picture of a highly efficient team that's mastered the art of rapid, quality-focused development. Their 11-minute review turnaround combined with 96% coverage shows it's possible to move fast without breaking things. The team's core-focused approach (68% internal contributions) enables them to maintain technical coherence while still welcoming community input. This balance seems particularly well-suited for a security-critical product where consistency and reliability are paramount. Explore Clerk's collaboration metrics in detail on their collab.dev project page . Check the Clerk JavaScript SDK on GitHub Try PullFlow - Unified Code-Review Collaboration 🍩 Project of the Week (26 Part Series) 1 Introducing: Project of the Week! 2 Project of the Week: Prisma ... 22 more parts... 3 Project of the Week: TanStack Query 4 Project of the Week: HedgeDoc 🦔 5 Project of the Week: Grafana 6 Project of the Week: Ghost 👻 7 Project of the Week: TensorFlow 8 Project of the Week: MapLibre 9 Project of the Week: Windmill 10 Project of the Week: Deno 11 Project of the Week - 10 Weeks Later! 12 Project of the Week: Excalidraw 13 Project of the Week: Supabase 14 Project of the Week: Clerk 15 Project of the Week: freeCodeCamp 16 Project of the Week: Appwrite 17 Project of the Week: Chart.js 18 Project of the Week: n8n 19 Project of the Week: PyTorch 20 Project of the Week: Emotion-js 21 Project of the Week: Chainguard 22 Project of the Week: Dify 23 Project of the Week: Alpine.js 24 Project of the Week: Svelte 25 Project of the Week: .NET Runtime 26 LobeChat: Where Bots Write 23% of the Code and Reviews Take 42 Seconds Top comments (2) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Somadina Somadina Somadina Follow I’m a technical writer focused on simplifying programming, web design, and developer tools. My day revolves around crafting content strategies and documentation that eliminate mental roadblocks. Location Nigeria Education After graduating from Anara Secondary, my learning in computer science continues endlessly. Pronouns I am a man down to my DNA 🤸😂, and I will embrace having you refer me as He/him or simply Soma. 🙏 Work I am a freelance Technical-Writer. Joined Jun 15, 2025 • Sep 14 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Certainly😍 the inspiration behind those words sliced me. Since the open-source is for the public, then collaboration should come from them. 😂 Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Riyana Patel PullFlow Riyana Patel PullFlow Riyana Patel Follow Marketing @ PullFlow | 🪴Plant mom by day, 👩🏽💻 dev whisperer by night Turning tech talk into stories people actually read. Location San Francisco Bay Area Education University of Washington Work PMM at PullFlow Joined Mar 5, 2025 • Sep 18 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Exactly! without collaboration, the open-source community fails to do exactly what it wants to do - create a community of everyone working together on the newest projects. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . 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https://github.com/loujaybee | loujaybee (Lou Bichard) · GitHub Skip to content Navigation Menu Toggle navigation Sign in Appearance settings Platform AI CODE CREATION GitHub Copilot Write better code with AI GitHub Spark Build and deploy intelligent apps GitHub Models Manage and compare prompts MCP Registry New Integrate external tools DEVELOPER WORKFLOWS Actions Automate any workflow Codespaces Instant dev environments Issues Plan and track work Code Review Manage code changes APPLICATION SECURITY GitHub Advanced Security Find and fix vulnerabilities Code security Secure your code as you build Secret protection Stop leaks before they start EXPLORE Why GitHub Documentation Blog Changelog Marketplace View all features Solutions BY COMPANY SIZE Enterprises Small and medium teams Startups Nonprofits BY USE CASE App Modernization DevSecOps DevOps CI/CD View all use cases BY INDUSTRY Healthcare Financial services Manufacturing Government View all industries View all solutions Resources EXPLORE BY TOPIC AI Software Development DevOps Security View all topics EXPLORE BY TYPE Customer stories Events & webinars Ebooks & reports Business insights GitHub Skills SUPPORT & SERVICES Documentation Customer support Community forum Trust center Partners Open Source COMMUNITY GitHub Sponsors Fund open source developers PROGRAMS Security Lab Maintainer Community Accelerator Archive Program REPOSITORIES Topics Trending Collections Enterprise ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS Enterprise platform AI-powered developer platform AVAILABLE ADD-ONS GitHub Advanced Security Enterprise-grade security features Copilot for Business Enterprise-grade AI features Premium Support Enterprise-grade 24/7 support Pricing Search or jump to... Search code, repositories, users, issues, pull requests... --> Search Clear Search syntax tips Provide feedback --> We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously. Include my email address so I can be contacted Cancel Submit feedback Saved searches Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly --> Name Query To see all available qualifiers, see our documentation . Cancel Create saved search Sign in Sign up Appearance settings Resetting focus You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You switched accounts on another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. Dismiss alert {{ message }} loujaybee Follow Overview Repositories 116 Projects 0 Packages 0 Stars 155 More Overview Repositories Projects Packages Stars loujaybee Follow 🖥️ Codin' Lou Bichard loujaybee 🖥️ Codin' Follow Product Manager @gitpod-io 151 followers · 36 following ona.com London loujaybee.com X @loujaybee LinkedIn in/loujaybee Achievements x4 x2 x4 Achievements x4 x2 x4 Organizations Block or Report Block or report loujaybee --> Block user Prevent this user from interacting with your repositories and sending you notifications. Learn more about blocking users . You must be logged in to block users. Add an optional note Maximum 250 characters. Please don't include any personal information such as legal names or email addresses. Markdown supported. This note will be visible to only you. Block user Report abuse Contact GitHub support about this user’s behavior. Learn more about reporting abuse . Report abuse Overview Repositories 116 Projects 0 Packages 0 Stars 155 More Overview Repositories Projects Packages Stars loujaybee / readme .md Hello I'm Lou | loujaybee.com Experienced developer tooling product manager—10+ years as a software + platform engineer. I also run a YouTube channel Open Up The Cloud Here are some written peices that encapsulate a lot my thinking and approach: Building a DX team: lessons learned A Tale of Moving 4000 GitHub repositories to GitHub Actions The Kubernetes chasm of doom: How 'configuration drift' accidentally erodes our developer experience Internal developer portals aren't a silver bullet for platform engineering Champion Building - How to successfully adopt a developer tool Looking for a speaker? Here are just a few topics that I've spoken on in the past. Find me on LinkedIn and Twitter Always up for chatting with folks in the community, so don't hesitate to reach out! Speak soon, Lou ✌️ Pinned Loading awesome-platform-as-a-product awesome-platform-as-a-product Public Something went wrong, please refresh the page to try again. If the problem persists, check the GitHub status page or contact support . Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Footer © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Footer navigation Terms Privacy Security Status Community Docs Contact Manage cookies Do not share my personal information You can’t perform that action at this time. | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://github.com/chefgs/tfcdk | GitHub - chefgs/tfcdk: Terraform CDK Sample Workouts Skip to content Navigation Menu Toggle navigation Sign in Appearance settings Platform AI CODE CREATION GitHub Copilot Write better code with AI GitHub Spark Build and deploy intelligent apps GitHub Models Manage and compare prompts MCP Registry New Integrate external tools DEVELOPER WORKFLOWS Actions Automate any workflow Codespaces Instant dev environments Issues Plan and track work Code Review Manage code changes APPLICATION SECURITY GitHub Advanced Security Find and fix vulnerabilities Code security Secure your code as you build Secret protection Stop leaks before they start EXPLORE Why GitHub Documentation Blog Changelog Marketplace View all features Solutions BY COMPANY SIZE Enterprises Small and medium teams Startups Nonprofits BY USE CASE App Modernization DevSecOps DevOps CI/CD View all use cases BY INDUSTRY Healthcare Financial services Manufacturing Government View all industries View all solutions Resources EXPLORE BY TOPIC AI Software Development DevOps Security View all topics EXPLORE BY TYPE Customer stories Events & webinars Ebooks & reports Business insights GitHub Skills SUPPORT & SERVICES Documentation Customer support Community forum Trust center Partners Open Source COMMUNITY GitHub Sponsors Fund open source developers PROGRAMS Security Lab Maintainer Community Accelerator Archive Program REPOSITORIES Topics Trending Collections Enterprise ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS Enterprise platform AI-powered developer platform AVAILABLE ADD-ONS GitHub Advanced Security Enterprise-grade security features Copilot for Business Enterprise-grade AI features Premium Support Enterprise-grade 24/7 support Pricing Search or jump to... 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Insights Additional navigation options Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Security Insights chefgs/tfcdk main Branches Tags Go to file Code Open more actions menu Folders and files Name Name Last commit message Last commit date Latest commit History 7 Commits aws-tier aws-tier hello-tfcdk hello-tfcdk .gitignore .gitignore LICENSE LICENSE README.md README.md View all files Repository files navigation README Apache-2.0 license Repo for CDKTF Sample Workouts Table of Contents Introduction What is CDKTF How CDKTF works Use cases for Choosing CDKTF Steps to install CDK for Terraform Step 1 Setting up Pre Requisites Install Terraform Install node package manager Install pipenv Configure AWS Cloud Credentials Step 2 Install CDKTF Step 3 Create CDKTF project Step 4 Defining AWS Infrastructure using Python Step 5 Spinning up Infra pipenv install cdktf get cdktf synth cdktf deploy Cleanup of Demo cdktf destroy Components and Architecture CDK for Terraform some key concepts Constructs Provider Resources Modules Conclusion Bibliography and Reference Introduction Terraform is one of the most widely used tools for provisioning infrastructure as code. It is written using Hashicorp Language or HCL in short. During the year 2021 Hashicorp introduced support for creating infrastructure using most widely used programming languages and named it as Cloud Development Kit for Terraform (CDK for Terraform) or CDKTF in short. In this article we will see how to get started with creating infrastructure in CDKTF for AWS Cloud provider. I'll be using Python language to create infrastructure in AWS using CDKTF Hashicorp introduced Terraform CDK, due to growing popularity for supporting Programming language based Infrastructure as code tools. Other tools are AWS CDK and Pulumi . What is CDKTF As per the Terraform CDKTF documentation Cloud Development Kit for Terraform (CDKTF) allows you to use familiar programming languages to define and provision infrastructure. This gives you access to the entire Terraform ecosystem without learning HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL) and lets you leverage the power of your existing toolchain for testing, dependency management, etc. CDKTF currently support TypeScript, Python, Java, C#and Go (experimental) and CDK for Terraform are currently in beta(as on Mar-2022). How CDKTF works CDK for Terraform leverages concepts and libraries from the AWS Cloud Development Kit to translate your code into infrastructure configuration files for Terraform. At a high level, you will: Create an Application: Use either a built-in or a custom template to scaffold a project in your chosen language. Define Infrastructure: Use your chosen language to define the infrastructure you want to provision on one or more providers. CDKTF automatically extracts the schema from Terraform providers and modules to generate the necessary classes for your application. Deploy: Use cdktf CLI commands to provision infrastructure with Terraform or synthesize your code into a JSON configuration file that others can use with Terraform directly. Use cases for Choosing CDKTF CDKTF offers many benefits, but it is not the right choice for every project. Below are possible scenarios to consider using CDKTF: If you have a strong preference or need to use a procedural language to define infrastructure. If you need to create abstractions to help manage complexity. For example, you want to create constructs to model a reusable infrastructure pattern composed of multiple resources and convenience methods. You are comfortable doing your own troubleshooting and do not require commercial support. You can make this choice for each team and project because CDK for Terraform interoperates with existing Terraform providers and modules. Steps to install CDK for Terraform Now, let us get into some hands-on with CDKTF Step 1 Setting up Pre Requisites We need to install Terraform and NodeJS for CDKTF Python PIP for developing Python language based infrastructure definition using CDKTF Also we need to configure AWS credentials for setting up infra in AWS Install Terraform Go to Terraform Downloads and install Terraform v1.0+ Install node package manager Go to nodesource repo in GitHub and follow the instructions to install NodeJS Install pipenv Install pipenv Python package manager using the command sudo apt install pipenv Configure AWS Cloud Credentials Terraform by default uses AWS credentials, which are available in either of Environment Variables , or Shared Credentials files Refer Terraform AWS authentication docs for setting up AWS auth for Terraform Step 2 Install CDKTF Install CDK latest version using the command, npm install --global cdktf-cli@latest Verify the installation, by running the command, cdktf help Now, we have everything required to proceed with creating an Infrastructure in AWS using Python Step 3 Create CDKTF project New users can run the command cdktf init to create a cdktf project for specific programming language cdktf init command creates the required files needed to get started with developing infra using the programming language Below is the sample of cdktf init output, which shows the options of choosing project details and programming language I've created a sample directory called aws-tier for demo purpose $ mkdir aws-tier $ cd aws-tier $ cdktf init The 'npm view' command generated an error stream with content [npm notice npm notice New patch version of npm available! 8.5.2 -> 8.5.5 npm notice Changelog: <https://github.com/npm/cli/releases/tag/v8.5.5> npm notice Run `npm install -g npm@8.5.5` to update! npm notice] Newer version of Terraform CDK is available [0.9.4] - Upgrade recommended Welcome to CDK for Terraform! By default, cdktf allows you to manage the state of your stacks using Terraform Cloud for free. cdktf will request an API token for app.terraform.io using your browser. If login is successful, cdktf will store the token in plain text in the following file for use by subsequent Terraform commands: USER_HOME_DIR/.terraform.d/credentials.tfrc.json Note: The local storage mode isn't recommended for storing the state of your stacks. ? Do you want to continue with Terraform Cloud remote state management? No ? What template do you want to use? python-pip Initializing a project using the python-pip template. ? projectName: aws-tier ? projectDescription: A simple getting started project for cdktf. Requirement already satisfied: cdktf~=0.8.3 in USER_HOME_DIR/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 1)) (0.8.3) Requirement already satisfied: jsii<2.0.0,>=1.47.0 in USER_HOME_DIR/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from cdktf~=0.8.3->-r requirements.txt (line 1)) (1.50.0) Requirement already satisfied: publication>=0.0.3 in USER_HOME_DIR/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from cdktf~=0.8.3->-r requirements.txt (line 1)) (0.0.3) Requirement already satisfied: constructs<11.0.0,>=10.0.12 in USER_HOME_DIR/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from cdktf~=0.8.3->-r requirements.txt (line 1)) (10.0.14) Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from jsii<2.0.0,>=1.47.0->cdktf~=0.8.3->-r requirements.txt (line 1)) (2.8.1) Requirement already satisfied: attrs~=21.2 in USER_HOME_DIR/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from jsii<2.0.0,>=1.47.0->cdktf~=0.8.3->-r requirements.txt (line 1)) (21.2.0) Requirement already satisfied: typing-extensions<5.0,>=3.7 in USER_HOME_DIR/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from jsii<2.0.0,>=1.47.0->cdktf~=0.8.3->-r requirements.txt (line 1)) (4.0.1) Requirement already satisfied: cattrs<1.10,>=1.8 in USER_HOME_DIR/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from jsii<2.0.0,>=1.47.0->cdktf~=0.8.3->-r requirements.txt (line 1)) (1.9.0) ======================================================================================================== Your cdktf Python project is ready! cat help Prints this message Compile: python3 ./main.py Compile and run the python code. Synthesize: cdktf synth [stack] Synthesize Terraform resources to cdktf.out/ Diff: cdktf diff [stack] Perform a diff (terraform plan) for the given stack Deploy: cdktf deploy [stack] Deploy the given stack Destroy: cdktf destroy [stack] Destroy the given stack Learn more about using modules and providers https://cdk.tf/modules-and-providers ======================================================================================================== Also one can run the below command to choose python-pip based template and local backend option cdktf init --template="python-pip" --local We can see the below files has been created by cdktf init command $ ls cdktf.json help main.py requirements.txt Step 4 Defining AWS Infrastructure using Python Clone the sample repo from GitHub We need can see multiple files, but there are two is our interest File1: main.py - This is main file and it contains the infra definition in python programming language #!/usr/bin/env python from constructs import Construct from cdktf import App , TerraformStack , TerraformOutput from imports . aws import AwsProvider , ec2 class CDKDemoStack ( TerraformStack ): def __init__ ( self , scope : Construct , ns : str ): super (). __init__ ( scope , ns ) AwsProvider ( self , "Aws" , region = "us-west-2" ) cdkdemoInstance = ec2 . Instance ( self , "cdkdemo" , ami = "ami-005e54dee72cc1d00" , instance_type = "t2.micro" , ) TerraformOutput ( self , "cdkdemo_public_ip" , value = cdkdemoInstance . public_ip ) app = App () CDKDemoStack ( app , "cdkdemo-terraform" ) app . synth () File2: cdktf.json - This files contains the Cloud provider version definition, also contains the reference to Terraform modules I've modified the terraformProviders and added "hashicorp/aws@~> 3.67.0" { "language" : " python " , "app" : " pipenv run python main.py " , "projectId" : " project_id_generated_by_init " , "terraformProviders" : [ " hashicorp/aws@~> 3.67.0 " ], "terraformModules" : [], "codeMakerOutput" : " imports " , "context" : { "excludeStackIdFromLogicalIds" : " true " , "allowSepCharsInLogicalIds" : " true " } } Copy the content of the above files into respective files in our demo project aws-tier sample Step 5 Spinning up Infra pipenv install Since we choose the python.pip template, we need to run the pipenv install command. It converts the requirements.txt file into Pipfile , and also creates Pipfile.lock $ pipenv install requirements.txt found, instead of Pipfile! Converting… Warning: Your Pipfile now contains pinned versions, if your requirements.txt did. We recommend updating your Pipfile to specify the "*" version, instead. Pipfile.lock not found, creating… Locking [dev-packages] dependencies… Locking [packages] dependencies… Updated Pipfile.lock (d69941)! Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (d69941)… 🐍 ▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉ 9/9 — 00:00:02 To activate this project's virtualenv, run the following: $ pipenv shell cdktf get This command generates CDK Constructs for Terraform providers and modules in the project Run the command cdktf get to fetch the required AWS resources and it is stored into imports directory Please note, import directory is similar to .terraform temporary directory and to be ignored while pushing in the code to source control like git (check .gitignore file) $ cdktf get Generated python constructs in the output directory: imports cdktf synth Synthesizes Terraform code for the given app in a directory. This command creates tfstate file $ cdktf synth Generated Terraform code for the stacks: cdkdemo-terraform The above command will create a folder called cdktf.out that contains all Terraform JSON configuration that was generated. cdktf deploy Deploy and create infra in the specified provider $ cdktf deploy Deploying Stack: cdkdemo-terraform Resources ✔ AWS_INSTANCE cdkdemo aws_instance.cdkdemo Summary: 1 created, 0 updated, 0 destroyed. Output: cdkdemo_public_ip = 34.209.44.175 While running the above command, tfstate.lock file will be created in the current directory, because we chose to have a local backend while setting up the project. Cleanup of Demo cdktf destroy Destroy the created infra using this command $ cdktf destroy Destroying Stack: cdkdemo-terraform Resources ✔ AWS_INSTANCE cdkdemo aws_instance.cdkdemo Summary: 1 destroyed. Components and Architecture As per the architecture explained in documentation CDKTF synthesizes infrastructure that you define in a supported programming language into JSON configuration files that Terraform can use to manage infrastructure. The diagram below shows how synthesizing a CDKTF application produces a series of artifacts in a designated output folder. CDK for Terraform some key concepts We need to note some key concepts in CDK for Terraform: 1. Constructs, 2. Provider, 3. Modules and 4. Resources As per the CDKTF Documentation: Constructs Construct is a general term that you can use to describe parts of your CDK for Terraform (CDKTF) project because every element in a CDKTF application is a descendent of the Construct base class. The entire application, each stack, and each resource are all constructs. Provider A provider is a Terraform plugin that allows users to manage an external API. Provider plugins like the AWS provider or the cloud-init provider act as a translation layer that allows Terraform to communicate with many different cloud providers, databases, and services. Resources They are the most important element when defining infrastructure in CDKTF applications. Each resource describes one or more infrastructure objects, such as virtual networks, compute instances, or higher-level components such as DNS records. Modules A Terraform module is a single directory that contains one or more configuration files. Modules let you reuse configurations across projects and teams, saving time, enforcing consistency, and reducing errors. For example, you could create a module to describe the configuration for all of your organization's public website buckets. When you package and share this module, other users can incorporate it into their configurations. As requirements evolve, you can make changes to your module once, release a new version, and apply those changes everywhere that module is used. Conclusion In this article, I've covered how to get started with CDKTF, Concepts of cdktf, Installation and Project setup. Also I've explained about some important commands to setup and spin up the infrastructure in AWS. Hope this is helpful. Bibliography and Reference AWS Infra Creation using Python-pip CDKTF Examples CDKTF Hashicorp Learn Follow me and share your thoughts, LinkedIn Twitter GitHub gsaravanan.dev About Terraform CDK Sample Workouts Resources Readme License Apache-2.0 license Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Activity Stars 0 stars Watchers 1 watching Forks 0 forks Report repository Releases No releases published Packages 0 No packages published Languages Python 100.0% Footer © 2026 GitHub, Inc. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # research Follow Hide Create Post Older #research posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu How I Built a Zero-Dependency Technical Research Blog with Just HTML, CSS, and Markdown Huy Pham Huy Pham Huy Pham Follow Jan 13 How I Built a Zero-Dependency Technical Research Blog with Just HTML, CSS, and Markdown # news # research # technical # claudecode Comments Add Comment 2 min read Can AI See Inside Its Own Mind? Anthropic's Breakthrough in Machine Introspection Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Follow Jan 8 Can AI See Inside Its Own Mind? Anthropic's Breakthrough in Machine Introspection # ai # machinelearning # research # anthropic Comments Add Comment 2 min read TTT-E2E: The AI Model That Learns While It Reads (Goodbye Traditional Attention?) Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Follow Jan 5 TTT-E2E: The AI Model That Learns While It Reads (Goodbye Traditional Attention?) # ai # machinelearning # python # research Comments Add Comment 2 min read TTT-E2E: The AI Model That Learns While It Reads (Goodbye KV Cache?) Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Follow Jan 5 TTT-E2E: The AI Model That Learns While It Reads (Goodbye KV Cache?) # ai # machinelearning # research # python Comments Add Comment 2 min read TTT-E2E: The AI Model That Learns While It Reads (Goodbye KV Cache?) Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Follow Jan 5 TTT-E2E: The AI Model That Learns While It Reads (Goodbye KV Cache?) # ai # machinelearning # python # research Comments Add Comment 2 min read Accidental Research Before 20s: How It Started AMAN ALI AMAN ALI AMAN ALI Follow Dec 29 '25 Accidental Research Before 20s: How It Started # research # programming # devjournal # career Comments Add Comment 4 min read Let’s talk about: Goose! Rodolfo Olivieri Rodolfo Olivieri Rodolfo Olivieri Follow Dec 19 '25 Let’s talk about: Goose! # research # goose # llm # opensource Comments Add Comment 15 min read Publishing Work, Not Metrics (Zenodo DOI Inside) deltax deltax deltax Follow Jan 6 Publishing Work, Not Metrics (Zenodo DOI Inside) # programming # productivity # research # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read A non-decision protocol for human–AI systems with explicit stop conditions deltax deltax deltax Follow Jan 5 A non-decision protocol for human–AI systems with explicit stop conditions # ai # ethics # systems # research Comments Add Comment 1 min read AI Takes the Helm: Autonomous Experimentation in Fluid Dynamics Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Dec 6 '25 AI Takes the Helm: Autonomous Experimentation in Fluid Dynamics # ai # datascience # science # research Comments Add Comment 2 min read Cracking the Complexity Barrier: A Smarter Way to Solve Boolean Puzzles Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Nov 29 '25 Cracking the Complexity Barrier: A Smarter Way to Solve Boolean Puzzles # ai # optimization # algorithms # research Comments Add Comment 2 min read Turbocharging Boolean Logic: Smarter Heuristics for Faster Problem Solving Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Nov 28 '25 Turbocharging Boolean Logic: Smarter Heuristics for Faster Problem Solving # optimization # algorithms # programming # research Comments Add Comment 2 min read Unlocking Algorithmic Elegance: AI's Blind Spot and the Power of Evolutionary Mappings by Arvind Sundararajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Nov 27 '25 Unlocking Algorithmic Elegance: AI's Blind Spot and the Power of Evolutionary Mappings by Arvind Sundararajan # ai # algorithms # opensource # research Comments Add Comment 2 min read Write a Research Proposal in 2 Hours, Not a Day! ⏱️ Vu Hung Nguyen (Hưng) Vu Hung Nguyen (Hưng) Vu Hung Nguyen (Hưng) Follow Nov 6 '25 Write a Research Proposal in 2 Hours, Not a Day! ⏱️ # ai # research # automation # proposal 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Using Coding Agents for Smarter Research Citation Management Vu Hung Nguyen (Hưng) Vu Hung Nguyen (Hưng) Vu Hung Nguyen (Hưng) Follow Nov 6 '25 Using Coding Agents for Smarter Research Citation Management # ai # citation # research Comments Add Comment 2 min read Measuring How LLMs Recommend Brands & Sites: Entity-Conditioned Probing & Resampling Jim Liu Jim Liu Jim Liu Follow Oct 31 '25 Measuring How LLMs Recommend Brands & Sites: Entity-Conditioned Probing & Resampling # machinelearning # llm # datascience # research 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read A Developer's Guide to Test Case Generation with Genetic Algorithms Shivang Vora Shivang Vora Shivang Vora Follow Nov 22 '25 A Developer's Guide to Test Case Generation with Genetic Algorithms # python # geneticalgorithm # testing # research 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read How Progress Ends: A Software Engineering Perspective Chris Brown Chris Brown Chris Brown Follow Nov 15 '25 How Progress Ends: A Software Engineering Perspective # research # ai # development Comments Add Comment 6 min read Google File System (GFS) paper notes tomato tomato tomato Follow Dec 21 '25 Google File System (GFS) paper notes # distributedsystems # research Comments Add Comment 7 min read AI's Achilles Heel: Can We *Prove* Plans Before They Execute? Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Nov 12 '25 AI's Achilles Heel: Can We *Prove* Plans Before They Execute? # ai # programming # research # logic Comments Add Comment 2 min read Unlocking Simplicity: Skeletonizing Boolean Networks for Enhanced Performance by Arvind Sundararajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Nov 6 '25 Unlocking Simplicity: Skeletonizing Boolean Networks for Enhanced Performance by Arvind Sundararajan # ai # algorithms # optimization # research Comments 1 comment 2 min read Bridging the Gap Between Research and OSS Communities Chris Brown Chris Brown Chris Brown Follow Oct 20 '25 Bridging the Gap Between Research and OSS Communities # research # outreach # opensource # allthingsopen Comments Add Comment 5 min read RIP Fine-Tuning — The Rise of Self-Tuned AI anesmeftah anesmeftah anesmeftah Follow Oct 10 '25 RIP Fine-Tuning — The Rise of Self-Tuned AI # ai # llms # research 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read I Built a Framework That Shows Systems Can't Detect Their Own Delusions Casey Evans Casey Evans Casey Evans Follow Sep 23 '25 I Built a Framework That Shows Systems Can't Detect Their Own Delusions # machinelearning # ai # python # research Comments Add Comment 3 min read Networks of Thought: Finding Your Research Niche in the Age of LLMs Alex Towell Alex Towell Alex Towell Follow Oct 25 '25 Networks of Thought: Finding Your Research Niche in the Age of LLMs # ai # research # machinelearning # career Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... trending guides/resources Write a Research Proposal in 2 Hours, Not a Day! ⏱️ Measuring How LLMs Recommend Brands & Sites: Entity-Conditioned Probing & Resampling AI's Achilles Heel: Can We *Prove* Plans Before They Execute? Accidental Research Before 20s: How It Started Using Coding Agents for Smarter Research Citation Management Unlocking Algorithmic Elegance: AI's Blind Spot and the Power of Evolutionary Mappings by Arvind ... Unlocking Simplicity: Skeletonizing Boolean Networks for Enhanced Performance by Arvind Sundararajan TTT-E2E: The AI Model That Learns While It Reads (Goodbye KV Cache?) Turbocharging Boolean Logic: Smarter Heuristics for Faster Problem Solving Can AI See Inside Its Own Mind? Anthropic's Breakthrough in Machine Introspection Let’s talk about: Goose! Publishing Work, Not Metrics (Zenodo DOI Inside) AI Takes the Helm: Autonomous Experimentation in Fluid Dynamics A non-decision protocol for human–AI systems with explicit stop conditions A Developer's Guide to Test Case Generation with Genetic Algorithms TTT-E2E: The AI Model That Learns While It Reads (Goodbye KV Cache?) TTT-E2E: The AI Model That Learns While It Reads (Goodbye Traditional Attention?) 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https://golf.forem.com/youtube_golf/golfcom-warming-up-with-jon-rahm-and-tyrrell-hatton-1m4l#comments | Golf.com: Warming Up with Jon Rahm and Tyrrell Hatton - Golf Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Golf Forem Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse YouTube Golf Posted on Jul 10, 2025 Golf.com: Warming Up with Jon Rahm and Tyrrell Hatton # golfyoutube # livgolf # rydercup # mentalgame Jon Rahm and Tyrrell Hatton team up on GOLF.com’s Warming Up series, showing why they’re golf soulmates both on and off the course. They share plenty of laughs—Hatton calls Rahm a “big teddy bear” despite his fierce on-course look, while Rahm insists Hatton is “one of the funniest people you’ll ever meet.” Beyond the jokes, they dive into their game-day mindsets: Rahm says he’s “irrationally positive,” whereas Hatton warns that too much positivity can drain you. Their chemistry and contrasting approaches make this rare two-player interview a must-watch for golf fans. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse YouTube Golf Follow Joined Jun 22, 2025 More from YouTube Golf No Laying Up Podcast: Everyone Only: The Gimme Golf Club Origin Story | NLU Pod, Ep 1033 # golf # golfpodcasts # golfyoutube # localgolf Golf.com: Bringing the Anthem to the PGA Tour: One Family's Story of Service # pgatour # historyofgolf # golfyoutube # golfmedia Golf.com: Secrets of Long Island Private Golf: A 1-Member Club, Hamptons Hideaways and Caddie Confessionals # coursereviews # golfdestinations # localgolf # golfyoutube 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Golf Forem — A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Golf Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where hackers, sticks, weekend warriors, pros, architects and wannabes come together Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
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Report Abuse Riyana Patel for PullFlow Posted on Jun 13, 2025 • Originally published at youtu.be Project of the Week: MapLibre # opensource # discuss # programming # softwareengineering 🍩 Project of the Week (26 Part Series) 1 Introducing: Project of the Week! 2 Project of the Week: Prisma ... 22 more parts... 3 Project of the Week: TanStack Query 4 Project of the Week: HedgeDoc 🦔 5 Project of the Week: Grafana 6 Project of the Week: Ghost 👻 7 Project of the Week: TensorFlow 8 Project of the Week: MapLibre 9 Project of the Week: Windmill 10 Project of the Week: Deno 11 Project of the Week - 10 Weeks Later! 12 Project of the Week: Excalidraw 13 Project of the Week: Supabase 14 Project of the Week: Clerk 15 Project of the Week: freeCodeCamp 16 Project of the Week: Appwrite 17 Project of the Week: Chart.js 18 Project of the Week: n8n 19 Project of the Week: PyTorch 20 Project of the Week: Emotion-js 21 Project of the Week: Chainguard 22 Project of the Week: Dify 23 Project of the Week: Alpine.js 24 Project of the Week: Svelte 25 Project of the Week: .NET Runtime 26 LobeChat: Where Bots Write 23% of the Code and Reviews Take 42 Seconds Ultra-fast merge times and bot-powered automation in this leading open-source mapping library Introduction MapLibre is an open-source JavaScript library for publishing interactive vector maps on websites and applications. Originally forked from Mapbox GL JS in December 2020 (when Mapbox switched to a non-OSS license), MapLibre has evolved significantly beyond being just a replacement. With over 7,700 GitHub stars, 843 forks, and contributions from 551 developers, MapLibre has established itself as the leading open-source solution for web-based vector mapping. We researched MapLibre on collab.dev and discovered some fascinating collaboration patterns that highlight the project's efficient development practices. Key Highlights Lightning-Fast Merge Times : MapLibre processes pull requests with remarkable efficiency, with a median merge time of just 12 minutes and 21 seconds, allowing contributors to see their work integrated quickly. Minimal Wait Times : Contributors experience extremely short wait times, with an overall average wait time of just 10 minutes and 14 seconds, enabling rapid development cycles. Strong Bot Integration : 82% of PRs are bot-generated, with bots responsible for 47.7% of all repository events, demonstrating a high level of workflow automation. Exceptional Review Speed : 85% of reviews are completed within 1 hour, with a median review turnaround time of just 16 seconds, providing almost immediate feedback to developers. MapLibre demonstrates how bot-driven development and hyper-efficient review processes create an exceptional developer experience while maintaining quality standards. This approach likely emerged from both the project's origin as a community fork needing rapid stability and the mapping domain's technical complexity. By automating routine tasks, human contributors can focus on the creative aspects of vector map rendering. github.com/maplibre/maplibre-gl-js MapLibre Metrics collab.dev pullflow.com 🍩 Project of the Week (26 Part Series) 1 Introducing: Project of the Week! 2 Project of the Week: Prisma ... 22 more parts... 3 Project of the Week: TanStack Query 4 Project of the Week: HedgeDoc 🦔 5 Project of the Week: Grafana 6 Project of the Week: Ghost 👻 7 Project of the Week: TensorFlow 8 Project of the Week: MapLibre 9 Project of the Week: Windmill 10 Project of the Week: Deno 11 Project of the Week - 10 Weeks Later! 12 Project of the Week: Excalidraw 13 Project of the Week: Supabase 14 Project of the Week: Clerk 15 Project of the Week: freeCodeCamp 16 Project of the Week: Appwrite 17 Project of the Week: Chart.js 18 Project of the Week: n8n 19 Project of the Week: PyTorch 20 Project of the Week: Emotion-js 21 Project of the Week: Chainguard 22 Project of the Week: Dify 23 Project of the Week: Alpine.js 24 Project of the Week: Svelte 25 Project of the Week: .NET Runtime 26 LobeChat: Where Bots Write 23% of the Code and Reviews Take 42 Seconds Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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https://docs.suprsend.com/docs/audit-logs | Audit Logs - SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams Skip to main content SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Community Trust Center Platform Status Postman Collection GETTING STARTED What is SuprSend? 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Navigation MONITORING & DEBUGGING Audit Logs Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog MONITORING & DEBUGGING Audit Logs OpenAI Open in ChatGPT Track all actions performed inside your SuprSend account. OpenAI Open in ChatGPT Audit logs provide a complete record of all actions performed by team members on your SuprSend account. Each entry includes who performed the action, when it happened, and details about what changed. This is particularly useful for maintaining team accountability, tracking security-sensitive operations, and quickly identifying who made specific changes—especially helpful when someone accidentally deletes a service token or makes an unintended configuration change. Audit logs are available on the Enterprise plan. Accessing audit logs To view all account activity: Go to Account Settings by clicking on the user icon in the top right corner of the dashboard. Select [Audit Logs] ( https://app.suprsend.com/en/account-settings/audit-logs ) tab. The audit logs page displays a list of actions performed in your account, showing the actor, action, workspace, location, and date for each entry. Filter audit logs to find specific entries by: Filter option Description Date range Choose relative date ranges (e.g., last 7 days, last 30 days) or set an absolute date range Actor Filter by team member email or name Action Select one or more action types (e.g., account.member_invited , api_key.generated ) Tracked actions Authentication & Key / Token Management Monitors all security-related changes including authentication methods, API keys, tokens, and signing keys. These are the highest priority events to track. Authentication (Account Settings → Authentication) Action Description account.mfa_enabled Multi-factor authentication (MFA) was enabled for your account. This adds an extra layer of security by requiring a second verification step when logging in. account.mfa_disabled Multi-factor authentication (MFA) was disabled for your account. This removes the additional security layer. Service Tokens (Account Settings → Service Tokens) Action Description service_token.generated A new service token was created. Service tokens are used for authentication of management API requests or for CLI operations. service_token.deleted Service token was deleted. This token can no longer be used for authentication. API Keys (Developers → API Keys) Action Description api_key.generated A new API key was created. API keys are used to authenticate API requests to SuprSend. api_key.disabled API key was deleted. This key can no longer be used to make API requests. Public Keys (Developers → API Keys) Action Description public_api_key.generated A new public API key was generated. Public API keys are used for authentication of client SDK requests. public_api_key.rotated Public API key was rotated (replaced with a new key). This is done for security purposes to invalidate the old key. public_api_key.deleted Public API key was deleted. This key can no longer be used for authentication. public_api_key.secure_mode_enabled Enhanced security mode was enabled for public API key. This requires a signed user token to be sent along with client requests. public_api_key.secure_mode_disabled Enhanced security mode was disabled for public API key. This no longer requires a signed user token to be sent along with client requests. Signing Keys (Developers → API Keys) Action Description signing_api_key.generated A new signing API key was generated. Signing keys are used to sign JWT tokens for client SDK requests. signing_api_key.deleted Signing API key was deleted. This key can no longer be used to sign JWT tokens. signing_api_key.rolled Signing API key was rolled (replaced with a new key). The old key is invalidated and a new one is generated. Team Management Tracks changes to your team - member invitations, deactivations, and role changes. Team Management (Account Settings → Team) Action Description account.member_invited New team member was invited to the team. They will receive an email to join your team. account.member_deactivated Team member was deactivated. This user can no longer access the account. account.member_invite_cancelled Pending member invitation was cancelled. They will not be able to join using that invitation. account.member_invite_resent Member invitation was resent. This is useful if the original invitation expired or was lost. account.member_role_changed Team member role was changed. This affects their permissions and access level. We’re continuously expanding audit log coverage to include other account level actions. If you have any suggestions or need to track other actions on priority basis, please contact the SuprSend support team . FAQs Can I export my audit logs? This feature to download audit logs or export it in your data warehouse is not available yet. You can raise feature request on slack community or email us at [email protected] . How long are audit logs stored? We start tracking audit logs in your account as soon as you upgrade to the Enterprise plan. The log retention timeframe depends on your billing plan. Why do I see system actions in my audit logs? When events occur that don’t originate from a user action (like automated system updates or side effects from merges), these events may be attributed to system processes. This helps maintain a complete audit trail of all changes to your account. Was this page helpful? 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https://openfeature.dev/docs/reference/sdks/server/ruby | OpenFeature Ruby SDK | OpenFeature Skip to main content Check out our KubeCon NA '25 recap, and our new training course! Docs Specification Ecosystem Community Support & Training Tutorials Blog Search Introduction Concepts Evaluation API Providers Evaluation Context Hooks Events SDK Paradigms Tracking SDKs SDK Compatibility Overview Server Dart .NET Go Java Node.js NestJS PHP Python Ruby Rust Client Kotlin iOS Web Angular React Other Technologies CLI OFREP OpenAPI Spec MCP Contributing SDKs Server Ruby On this page OpenFeature Ruby SDK Quick start MCP Install 📋 Copy Prompt Follow the MCP Getting Started guide to quickly set up the OpenFeature MCP server and connect your AI tool. Run this prompt: "Install OpenFeature into this app" Quick Install: 📦 Install in Cursor 📦 Install in VS Code claude mcp add --transport stdio openfeature npx -y @openfeature/mcp Requirements Supported Ruby Version OS Ruby 3.1.4 Windows, MacOS, Linux Ruby 3.2.3 Windows, MacOS, Linux Ruby 3.3.0 Windows, MacOS, Linux Install Install the gem and add to the application's Gemfile by executing: bundle add openfeature-sdk If bundler is not being used to manage dependencies, install the gem by executing: gem install openfeature-sdk Usage require 'open_feature/sdk' require 'json' # For JSON.dump # API Initialization and configuration OpenFeature :: SDK . configure do | config | # your provider of choice, which will be used as the default provider config . set_provider ( OpenFeature :: SDK :: Provider :: InMemoryProvider . new ( { "flag1" => true , "flag2" => 1 } ) ) end # Create a client client = OpenFeature :: SDK . build_client # fetching boolean value feature flag bool_value = client . fetch_boolean_value ( flag_key : 'boolean_flag' , default_value : false ) # a details method is also available for more information about the flag evaluation # see `ResolutionDetails` for more info bool_details = client . fetch_boolean_details ( flag_key : 'boolean_flag' , default_value : false ) # fetching string value feature flag string_value = client . fetch_string_value ( flag_key : 'string_flag' , default_value : 'default' ) # fetching number value feature flag float_value = client . fetch_number_value ( flag_key : 'number_value' , default_value : 1.0 ) integer_value = client . fetch_number_value ( flag_key : 'number_value' , default_value : 1 ) # get an object value object = client . fetch_object_value ( flag_key : 'object_value' , default_value : { name : 'object' } ) Features Status Features Description ✅ Providers Integrate with a commercial, open source, or in-house feature management tool. ✅ Targeting Contextually-aware flag evaluation using evaluation context . ⚠️ Hooks Add functionality to various stages of the flag evaluation life-cycle. ❌ Logging Integrate with popular logging packages. ✅ Domains Logically bind clients with providers. ❌ Eventing React to state changes in the provider or flag management system. ⚠️ Shutdown Gracefully clean up a provider during application shutdown. ❌ Transaction Context Propagation Set a specific evaluation context for a transaction (e.g. an HTTP request or a thread) ⚠️ Extending Extend OpenFeature with custom providers and hooks. Implemented: ✅ | In-progress: ⚠️ | Not implemented yet: ❌ Providers Providers are an abstraction between a flag management system and the OpenFeature SDK. Look here for a complete list of available providers. If the provider you're looking for hasn't been created yet, see the develop a provider section to learn how to build it yourself. Once you've added a provider as a dependency, it can be registered with OpenFeature like this: OpenFeature :: SDK . configure do | config | # your provider of choice, which will be used as the default provider config . set_provider ( OpenFeature :: SDK :: Provider :: InMemoryProvider . new ( { "v2_enabled" => true , } ) ) end Blocking Provider Registration If you need to ensure that a provider is fully initialized before continuing, you can use set_provider_and_wait : # Using the SDK directly begin OpenFeature :: SDK . set_provider_and_wait ( my_provider ) puts "Provider is ready!" rescue OpenFeature :: SDK :: ProviderInitializationError => e puts "Provider failed to initialize: #{ e . message } " puts "Error code: #{ e . error_code } " puts "Original error: #{ e . original_error } " end # With custom timeout (default is 30 seconds) OpenFeature :: SDK . set_provider_and_wait ( my_provider , timeout : 60 ) # Domain-specific provider OpenFeature :: SDK . set_provider_and_wait ( my_provider , domain : "feature-flags" ) # Via configuration block OpenFeature :: SDK . configure do | config | begin config . set_provider_and_wait ( my_provider ) rescue OpenFeature :: SDK :: ProviderInitializationError => e # Handle initialization failure end end The set_provider_and_wait method: Waits for the provider's init method to complete successfully Raises ProviderInitializationError with PROVIDER_FATAL error code if initialization fails or times out Provides access to the original error, provider instance, and error code for debugging Uses the same thread-safe provider switching as set_provider In some situations, it may be beneficial to register multiple providers in the same application. This is possible using domains , which is covered in more detail below. Targeting Sometimes, the value of a flag must consider some dynamic criteria about the application or user, such as the user's location, IP, email address, or the server's location. In OpenFeature, we refer to this as targeting . If the flag management system you're using supports targeting, you can provide the input data using the evaluation context . OpenFeature :: SDK . configure do | config | # you can set a global evaluation context here config . evaluation_context = OpenFeature :: SDK :: EvaluationContext . new ( "host" => "myhost.com" ) end # Evaluation context can be set on a client as well client_with_context = OpenFeature :: SDK . build_client ( evaluation_context : OpenFeature :: SDK :: EvaluationContext . new ( "controller_name" => "admin" ) ) # Invocation evaluation context can also be passed in during flag evaluation. # During flag evaluation, invocation context takes precedence over client context # which takes precedence over API (aka global) context. bool_value = client . fetch_boolean_value ( flag_key : 'boolean_flag' , default_value : false , evaluation_context : OpenFeature :: SDK :: EvaluationContext . new ( "is_friday" => true ) ) Hooks Coming Soon! Issue available to be worked on. Logging Coming Soon! Issue available to work on. Domains Clients can be assigned to a domain. A domain is a logical identifier which can be used to associate clients with a particular provider. If a domain has no associated provider, the default provider is used. OpenFeature :: SDK . configure do | config | config . set_provider ( OpenFeature :: SDK :: Provider :: NoOpProvider . new , domain : "legacy_flags" ) end # Create a client for a different domain, this will use the provider assigned to that domain legacy_flag_client = OpenFeature :: SDK . build_client ( domain : "legacy_flags" ) Eventing Coming Soon! Issue available to be worked on. Shutdown Coming Soon! Issue available to be worked on. Transaction Context Propagation Coming Soon! Issue available to be worked on. Extending Develop a provider To develop a provider, you need to create a new project and include the OpenFeature SDK as a dependency. This can be a new repository or included in the existing contrib repository available under the OpenFeature organization. You’ll then need to write the provider by implementing the Provider duck. class MyProvider def init # Perform any initialization steps with flag management system here # Return value is ignored # **Note** The OpenFeature spec defines a lifecycle method called `initialize` to be called when a new provider is set. # To avoid conflicting with the Ruby `initialize` method, this method should be named `init` when creating a provider. end def shutdown # Perform any shutdown/reclamation steps with flag management system here # Return value is ignored end def fetch_boolean_value ( flag_key : , default_value : , evaluation_context : nil ) # Retrieve a boolean value from provider source end def fetch_string_value ( flag_key : , default_value : , evaluation_context : nil ) # Retrieve a string value from provider source end def fetch_number_value ( flag_key : , default_value : , evaluation_context : nil ) # Retrieve a numeric value from provider source end def fetch_integer_value ( flag_key : , default_value : , evaluation_context : nil ) # Retrieve a integer value from provider source end def fetch_float_value ( flag_key : , default_value : , evaluation_context : nil ) # Retrieve a float value from provider source end def fetch_object_value ( flag_key : , default_value : , evaluation_context : nil ) # Retrieve a hash value from provider source end end Built a new provider? Let us know so we can add it to the docs! Develop a hook Coming Soon! Issue available to be worked on. Edit this page Previous Python Next Rust Quick start Requirements Install Usage Features Providers Targeting Hooks Logging Domains Eventing Shutdown Transaction Context Propagation Extending Develop a provider Develop a hook Sections Docs Specification Community Tutorials Community BlueSky Twitter LinkedIn Join us on Slack YouTube More GitHub Trademarks © 2026 OpenFeature is a Cloud Native Computing Foundation incubating project | Documentation Distributed under CC BY 4.0 | All Rights Reserved | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://dev.to/shubhamtiwari909/nextjs-data-fetching-mistake-that-blocks-your-entire-page-and-how-to-fix-it-k9a | Next.js Data Fetching Mistake That Blocks Your Entire Page (And How to Fix It) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Shubham Tiwari Posted on Dec 22, 2025 • Edited on Jan 6 Next.js Data Fetching Mistake That Blocks Your Entire Page (And How to Fix It) # nextjs # webdev # javascript # programming In this video, we’ll break down a common Next.js App Router mistake that can block your entire page from rendering 🚫 If you’re fetching data at the page or layout root level , Next.js will wait for the request to finish before rendering anything — causing slow loads and poor user experience. ❌ The Problem Data fetching at the page root Entire route gets blocked No partial rendering Users see nothing until the request completes ✅ The Solution Move data fetching logic into the component that actually needs it Wrap only that component with a Suspense boundary Let the rest of the page render instantly Show a loading state only where needed 🔥 What You’ll Learn Why root-level data fetching blocks rendering in Next.js How Suspense works in the App Router Component-level data fetching best practices How to make pages feel faster without changing APIs Real-world performance optimization patterns 🧠 Topics Covered Next.js App Router React Suspense Server Components Streaming & Partial Rendering Performance optimization Better UX in Next.js This pattern is crucial for building fast, scalable Next.js apps , especially when working with slow APIs or large datasets . 👍 Like, share, and subscribe if you want more real-world Next.js performance tips . You can contact me on - Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/supremacism__shubh/ LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubham-tiwari-b7544b193/ Email - shubhmtiwri00@gmail.com You can help me with some donation at the link below Thank you👇👇 https://www.buymeacoffee.com/waaduheck Also check these posts as well 5 Essential JavaScript Patterns Every Developer Should Know Shubham Tiwari ・ Aug 20 '25 #webdev #javascript #tutorial #beginners Next JS + Express + Mongo + AI stack Shubham Tiwari ・ Aug 19 '25 #webdev #basic #beginners #learning From Server to Client: Handling Initial Data Fetching and Infinite Scroll Shubham Tiwari ・ Aug 18 '25 #react #nextjs #webdev #javascript Mastering Tailwind CSS: Hidden Gems & Productivity Hacks Shubham Tiwari ・ Jul 15 '25 #html #css #webdev #beginners Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Shubham Tiwari Follow Front-end Engineer Location India Education Quantum University Work Jr. Frontend Engineer at FULL Creative Joined Jul 19, 2021 More from Shubham Tiwari 5 Essential JavaScript Patterns Every Developer Should Know # webdev # javascript # tutorial # beginners Next JS + Express + Mongo + AI stack # webdev # basic # beginners # learning From Server to Client: Handling Initial Data Fetching and Infinite Scroll # react # nextjs # webdev # javascript 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://realpython.com/python-optional-arguments/ | Using Python Optional Arguments When Defining Functions – Real Python Start Here Learn Python Python Tutorials → In-depth articles and video courses Learning Paths → Guided study plans for accelerated learning Quizzes & Exercises → Check your learning progress Browse Topics → Focus on a specific area or skill level Community Chat → Learn with other Pythonistas Office Hours → Live Q&A calls with Python experts Podcast → Hear what’s new in the world of Python Books → Round out your knowledge and learn offline Reference → Concise definitions for common Python terms Code Mentor → Beta Personalized code assistance & learning tools Unlock All Content → More Learner Stories Python Newsletter Python Job Board Meet the Team Become a Tutorial Writer Become a Video Instructor Search / Join Sign‑In — FREE Email Series — 🐍 Python Tricks 💌 Get Python Tricks » 🔒 No spam. Unsubscribe any time. Browse Topics Guided Learning Paths Basics Intermediate Advanced ai algorithms api best-practices career community databases data-science data-structures data-viz devops django docker editors flask front-end gamedev gui machine-learning news numpy projects python stdlib testing tools web-dev web-scraping Table of Contents Creating Functions in Python for Reusing Code Defining Functions With No Input Parameters Defining Functions With Required Input Arguments Using Python Optional Arguments With Default Values Default Values Assigned to Input Parameters Common Default Argument Values Data Types That Shouldn’t Be Used as Default Arguments Error Messages Related to Input Arguments Using args and kwargs Functions Accepting Any Number of Arguments Functions Accepting Any Number of Keyword Arguments Conclusion Frequently Asked Questions Mark as Completed Share Recommended Video Course Defining Python Functions With Optional Arguments Using Python Optional Arguments When Defining Functions by Stephen Gruppetta Publication date Oct 27, 2025 Reading time estimate 30m basics python Mark as Completed Share Table of Contents Creating Functions in Python for Reusing Code Defining Functions With No Input Parameters Defining Functions With Required Input Arguments Using Python Optional Arguments With Default Values Default Values Assigned to Input Parameters Common Default Argument Values Data Types That Shouldn’t Be Used as Default Arguments Error Messages Related to Input Arguments Using args and kwargs Functions Accepting Any Number of Arguments Functions Accepting Any Number of Keyword Arguments Conclusion Frequently Asked Questions Remove ads Watch Now This tutorial has a related video course created by the Real Python team. Watch it together with the written tutorial to deepen your understanding: Defining Python Functions With Optional Arguments You define Python functions with optional arguments to make them flexible and reusable. By assigning default values, using *args for variable arguments, or **kwargs for keyword arguments, you let your functions handle different inputs without rewriting code. This tutorial shows you how and why to use Python optional arguments, and how to avoid common pitfalls when setting defaults. By the end of this tutorial, you’ll understand that: Parameters are names in a function definition, while arguments are the values you pass when calling the function You can assign default values to parameters so that arguments become optional You should avoid mutable data types like lists or dictionaries as default values to prevent unexpected behavior You can use *args to collect any number of positional arguments and **kwargs to collect keyword arguments Python raises TypeError when you omit required arguments and SyntaxError when you misorder parameters with defaults Defining your own functions is an essential skill for writing clean and effective code. Once you master Python’s optional arguments, you’ll be able to define functions that are more powerful and more flexible. To get the most out of this tutorial, you’ll need some familiarity with defining functions with required arguments . Get Your Code: Click here to download the free sample code that you’ll use to learn about the optional arguments in functions. Take the Quiz: Test your knowledge with our interactive “Using Python Optional Arguments When Defining Functions” quiz. You’ll receive a score upon completion to help you track your learning progress: Interactive Quiz Using Python Optional Arguments When Defining Functions Practice Python function parameters, default values, *args, **kwargs, and safe optional arguments with quick questions and short code tasks. Creating Functions in Python for Reusing Code You can think of a function as a mini-program that runs within another program or within another function. The main program calls the mini-program and sends information that the mini-program will need as it runs. When the function completes all of its actions, it may send some data back to the main program that has called it. The primary purpose of a function is to allow you to reuse the code within it whenever you need it, using different inputs if required. When you use functions, you’re extending your Python vocabulary. This lets you express the solution to your problem in a clearer and more succinct way. In Python, by convention, you should name a function using lowercase letters with words separated by an underscore, such as do_something() . These conventions are described in PEP 8 , which is Python’s style guide. You’ll need to add parentheses after the function name when you call it. Since functions represent actions, it’s a best practice to start your function names with a verb to make your code more readable. Remove ads Defining Functions With No Input Parameters In this tutorial, you’ll use the example of a basic program that creates and maintains a shopping list and prints it out when you’re ready to go to the supermarket. Start by creating a new Python script you’ll call optional_params.py and add a shopping list: Python optional_params.py shopping_list = { "Bread" : 1 , "Milk" : 2 , "Chocolate" : 1 , "Butter" : 1 , "Coffee" : 1 , } You’re using a dictionary to store the item name as the key and the quantity you need to buy of each item as the value. You can define a function to display the shopping list: Python optional_params.py shopping_list = { "Bread" : 1 , "Milk" : 2 , "Chocolate" : 1 , "Butter" : 1 , "Coffee" : 1 , } def show_list (): for item_name , quantity in shopping_list . items (): print ( f " { quantity } x { item_name } " ) show_list () When you run this script , you’ll get a printout of the shopping list: Shell $ python optional_params.py 1x Bread 2x Milk 1x Chocolate 1x Butter 1x Coffee The function you’ve defined has no input parameters , as the parentheses in the function signature are empty. The signature is the first line in the function definition: Python def show_list (): You don’t need any input parameters in this example since the dictionary shopping_list is a global variable . This means that it can be accessed from everywhere in the program, including from within the function definition. This is called the global scope . Note: You can read more about scope in Python Scope & the LEGB Rule: Resolving Names in Your Code . Using global variables in this way is not a good practice. It can lead to several functions making changes to the same data structure, which can lead to bugs that are hard to find. You’ll see how to improve on this later on in this tutorial when you pass the dictionary to the function as an argument. Note: For more information on using global variables in functions, head over to Using and Creating Global Variables in Your Python Functions . In the next section, you’ll define a function that has input parameters. Defining Functions With Required Input Arguments Instead of writing the shopping list directly in the code, you can now initialize an empty dictionary and write a function that allows you to add items to the shopping list: Python optional_params.py shopping_list = {} def show_list (): for item_name , quantity in shopping_list . items (): print ( f " { quantity } x { item_name } " ) def add_item ( item_name , quantity ): if item_name in shopping_list . keys (): shopping_list [ item_name ] += quantity else : shopping_list [ item_name ] = quantity add_item ( "Bread" , 1 ) show_list () The function iterates through the dictionary’s keys , and if the key exists, the quantity is increased. If the item is not one of the keys, then the key is created, and a value of 1 is assigned to it. You can run this script to display the shopping list items, which now include the bread you’ve added: Shell $ python optional_params.py 1x Bread You’ve included two parameters in the function signature: item_name quantity Parameters don’t have any values yet. The parameter names are used in the code within the function definition. When you call the function, you pass arguments within the parentheses, one for each parameter. An argument is a value you pass to the function. The distinction between parameters and arguments can often be overlooked. It’s a subtle but important difference. You may sometimes find parameters referred to as formal parameters and arguments as actual parameters . The arguments you input when calling add_item() are required arguments. If you try to call the function without the arguments, you’ll get an error: Python optional_params.py shopping_list = {} def show_list (): for item_name , quantity in shopping_list . items (): print ( f " { quantity } x { item_name } " ) def add_item ( item_name , quantity ): if item_name in shopping_list . keys (): shopping_list [ item_name ] += quantity else : shopping_list [ item_name ] = quantity add_item () show_list () Run the script with python optional_params.py . The traceback will give a TypeError stating that the arguments are required: Python Traceback Traceback (most recent call last): File "optional_params.py" , line 13 , in <module> add_item () ~~~~~~~~^^ TypeError : add_item() missing 2 required positional arguments: ⮑ 'item_name' and 'quantity' You’ll look at more error messages related to using the wrong number of arguments, or using them in the wrong order, in a later section of this tutorial. Remove ads Using Python Optional Arguments With Default Values In this section, you’ll learn how to define a function that takes an optional argument . Functions with optional arguments offer more flexibility in how you can use them. You can call the function with or without the argument, and if there is no argument in the function call, then a default value is used. Default Values Assigned to Input Parameters You can modify the function add_item() so that the parameter quantity has a default value: Python optional_params.py shopping_list = {} def show_list (): for item_name , quantity in shopping_list . items (): print ( f " { quantity } x { item_name } " ) def add_item ( item_name , quantity = 1 ): if item_name in shopping_list . keys (): shopping_list [ item_name ] += quantity else : shopping_list [ item_name ] = quantity add_item ( "Bread" ) add_item ( "Milk" , 2 ) show_list () In the function signature, you’ve added the default value 1 to the parameter quantity . This doesn’t mean that the value of quantity will always be 1 . If you pass an argument corresponding to quantity when you call the function, then that argument will be used as the value for the parameter. However, if you don’t pass any argument, then the default value will be used. Parameters with default values can’t be followed by regular parameters. You’ll read more about the order in which you can define parameters later in this tutorial. The function add_item() now has one required parameter and one optional parameter . In the code example above, you call add_item() twice. Your first function call has a single argument, which corresponds to the required parameter item_name . In this case, quantity defaults to 1 . Your second function call has two arguments, so the default value isn’t used in this case. You can see the output of this below: Shell $ python optional_params.py 1x Bread 2x Milk You can also pass required and optional arguments into a function as keyword arguments . Keyword arguments can also be referred to as named arguments: Python add_item ( item_name = "Milk" , quantity = 2 ) You can now revisit the first function you defined in this tutorial and refactor it so that it also accepts a default argument: Python optional_params.py shopping_list = {} def show_list ( include_quantities = True ): for item_name , quantity in shopping_list . items (): if include_quantities : print ( f " { quantity } x { item_name } " ) else : print ( item_name ) # ... Now, when you use show_list() , you can call it with no input arguments or pass a Boolean value as a flag argument . If you don’t pass any arguments when calling the function, then the shopping list is displayed by showing each item’s name and quantity. The function will display the same output if you pass True as an argument when calling the function. However, if you use show_list(False) , only the item names are displayed. You should avoid using flags in cases where the value of the flag alters the function’s behavior significantly. A function should only be responsible for one thing. If you want a flag to push the function into an alternative path, then you may consider writing a separate function instead. Common Default Argument Values In the examples you worked on above, you used the integer 1 as a default value in one case and the Boolean value True in the other. These are common default values you’ll find in function definitions. However, the data type you should use for default values depends on the function you’re defining and how you want the function to be used. The integers 0 and 1 are common default values to use when a parameter’s value needs to be an integer. This is because 0 and 1 are often useful fallback values to have. In the add_item() function you wrote earlier, setting the quantity for a new item to 1 is the most logical option. However, if you had a habit of buying two of everything you purchase when you go to the supermarket, then setting the default value to 2 may be more appropriate for you. When the input parameter needs to be a string , a common default value to use is the empty string ( "" ). This assigns a value whose data type is string but doesn’t put in any additional characters. You can modify add_item() so that both arguments are optional: Python optional_params.py shopping_list = {} def show_list ( include_quantities = True ): for item_name , quantity in shopping_list . items (): if include_quantities : print ( f " { quantity } x { item_name } " ) else : print ( item_name ) def add_item ( item_name = "" , quantity = 1 ): if item_name in shopping_list . keys (): shopping_list [ item_name ] += quantity else : shopping_list [ item_name ] = quantity # ... You have modified the function so that both parameters have a default value, and therefore the function can be called with no input arguments: Python add_item () This line of code will add an item to the shopping_list dictionary with an empty string as a key and a value of 1 . It’s fairly common to check whether an argument has been passed when the function is called and run some code accordingly. You can change the above function to do this: Python optional_params.py # ... def add_item ( item_name = "" , quantity = 1 ): if not item_name : quantity = 0 if item_name in shopping_list . keys (): shopping_list [ item_name ] += quantity else : shopping_list [ item_name ] = quantity # ... In this version, if no item is passed to the function, the function sets the quantity to 0 . The empty string has a falsy value, which means that bool("") returns False , whereas any other string will have a truthy value. When an if keyword is followed by a truthy or falsy value, the if statement will interpret these as True or False . Note: You can read more about truthy and falsy values in Python Booleans: Use Truth Values in Your Code . Therefore, you can use the variable directly within an if statement to check whether an optional argument was used. Another common value that’s often used as a default value is None . This is Python’s way of representing nothing, although it is actually an object that represents the null value. You’ll see an example of when None is a useful default value to use in the next section. Remove ads Data Types That Shouldn’t Be Used as Default Arguments You’ve used integers and strings as default values in the examples above, and None is another common default value. These are not the only data types you can use as default values. However, not all data types should be used. In this section, you’ll see why mutable data types should not be used as default values in function definitions. A mutable object is one whose values can be changed, such as a list or a dictionary. Note: You can find out more about mutable and immutable data types in Python’s Mutable vs Immutable Types: What’s the Difference? , Immutability in Python , and Python’s official documentation . You can add the dictionary containing the item names and quantities as an input parameter to the function you defined earlier. You can start by making all arguments required ones: Python optional_params.py # ... def add_item ( item_name , quantity , shopping_list ): if item_name in shopping_list . keys (): shopping_list [ item_name ] += quantity else : shopping_list [ item_name ] = quantity return shopping_list # ... You can now pass shopping_list to the function when you call it. This makes the function more self-contained as it doesn’t rely on a variable called shopping_list to exist in the scope that’s calling the function. This change also makes the function more flexible because you can use it with different dictionaries. You’ve also added the return statement to return the modified dictionary. This line is technically not required at this stage, as dictionaries are a mutable data type and therefore the function will change the state of the dictionary that exists in the main module. However, you’ll need the return statement later when you make this argument optional, so it’s best to include it now. To call the function, you’ll need to assign the data returned by the function to a variable: Python shopping_list = add_item ( "Coffee" , 2 , shopping_list ) You can also add a shopping_list parameter to show_list() , the first function you defined in this tutorial. You can now have several shopping lists in your program and use the same functions to add items and display the shopping lists: Python optional_params.py hardware_store_list = {} supermarket_list = {} def show_list ( shopping_list , include_quantities = True ): for item_name , quantity in shopping_list . items (): if include_quantities : print ( f " { quantity } x { item_name } " ) else : print ( item_name ) print () def add_item ( item_name , quantity , shopping_list ): if item_name in shopping_list . keys (): shopping_list [ item_name ] += quantity else : shopping_list [ item_name ] = quantity return shopping_list hardware_store_list = add_item ( "Nails" , 1 , hardware_store_list ) hardware_store_list = add_item ( "Screwdriver" , 1 , hardware_store_list ) hardware_store_list = add_item ( "Glue" , 3 , hardware_store_list ) supermarket_list = add_item ( "Bread" , 1 , supermarket_list ) supermarket_list = add_item ( "Milk" , 2 , supermarket_list ) show_list ( hardware_store_list ) show_list ( supermarket_list ) You can see the output of this code below. The list of items to buy from the hardware store is shown first. The second part of the output shows the items needed from the supermarket: Shell $ python optional_params.py 1x Nails 1x Screwdriver 3x Glue 1x Bread 2x Milk You’ll now add a default value for the parameter shopping_list in add_item() so that if no dictionary is passed to the function, then an empty dictionary is used. The most tempting option is to make the default value an empty dictionary. You’ll see why this is not a good idea soon, but you can try this option for now: Python optional_params.py def show_list ( shopping_list , include_quantities = True ): for item_name , quantity in shopping_list . items (): if include_quantities : print ( f " { quantity } x { item_name } " ) else : print ( item_name ) print () def add_item ( item_name , quantity , shopping_list = {}): if item_name in shopping_list . keys (): shopping_list [ item_name ] += quantity else : shopping_list [ item_name ] = quantity return shopping_list clothes_shop_list = add_item ( "Shirt" , 3 ) show_list ( clothes_shop_list ) When you run this script, you’ll get the output below showing the items needed from the clothes shop, which may give the impression that this code works as intended: Shell $ python optional_params.py 3x Shirt However, this code has a serious flaw that can lead to unexpected and wrong results. You can add a new shopping list for items needed from the electronics store by using add_item() with no argument corresponding to shopping_list . This leads to the default value being used, which you’d hope would create a new empty dictionary: Python optional_params.py def show_list ( shopping_list , include_quantities = True ): for item_name , quantity in shopping_list . items (): if include_quantities : print ( f " { quantity } x { item_name } " ) else : print ( item_name ) print () def add_item ( item_name , quantity , shopping_list = {}): if item_name in shopping_list . keys (): shopping_list [ item_name ] += quantity else : shopping_list [ item_name ] = quantity return shopping_list clothes_shop_list = add_item ( "Shirt" , 3 ) electronics_store_list = add_item ( "USB cable" , 1 ) show_list ( clothes_shop_list ) show_list ( electronics_store_list ) You’ll see the problem when you look at the output from this code: Shell $ python optional_params.py 3x Shirt 1x USB cable 3x Shirt 1x USB cable Both shopping lists are identical, even though you assigned the output from add_item() to different variables each time you called the function. The problem happens because dictionaries are a mutable data type. You assigned an empty dictionary as the default value for the parameter shopping_list when you defined the function. The first time you call the function, this dictionary is empty. However, as dictionaries are a mutable type, when you assign values to the dictionary, the default dictionary is no longer empty. When you call the function the second time and the default value for shopping_list is required again, the default dictionary is no longer empty as it was populated the first time you called the function. Since you’re calling the same function, you’re using the same default dictionary stored in memory. This behavior doesn’t happen with immutable data types. The solution to this problem is to use another default value, such as None , and then create an empty dictionary within the function when no optional argument is passed: Python optional_params.py def show_list ( shopping_list , include_quantities = True ): for item_name , quantity in shopping_list . items (): if include_quantities : print ( f " { quantity } x { item_name } " ) else : print ( item_name ) print () def add_item ( item_name , quantity , shopping_list = None ): if shopping_list is None : shopping_list = {} if item_name in shopping_list . keys (): shopping_list [ item_name ] += quantity else : shopping_list [ item_name ] = quantity return shopping_list clothes_shop_list = add_item ( "Shirt" , 3 ) electronics_store_list = add_item ( "USB cable" , 1 ) show_list ( clothes_shop_list ) show_list ( electronics_store_list ) You can check whether a dictionary has been passed as an argument using the if statement. You should not rely on the falsy nature of None but instead explicitly check that the argument is None . Relying on the fact that None will be treated as a false value can cause problems if another argument that is falsy is passed. Now, when you run your script again, you’ll get the correct output since a new dictionary is created each time you use the function with the default value for shopping_list : Shell $ python optional_params.py 3x Shirt 1x USB cable You should always avoid using a mutable data type as a default value when defining a function with optional parameters. Remove ads Error Messages Related to Input Arguments One of the most common error messages you’ll encounter is when you call a function that has required arguments, but you don’t pass the arguments in the function call: Python optional_params.py def show_list ( shopping_list , include_quantities = True ): for item_name , quantity in shopping_list . items (): if include_quantities : print ( f " { quantity } x { item_name } " ) else : print ( item_name ) print () def add_item ( item_name , quantity , shopping_list = None ): if shopping_list is None : shopping_list = {} if item_name in shopping_list . keys (): shopping_list [ item_name ] += quantity else : shopping_list [ item_name ] = quantity return shopping_list add_item () Here, you call add_item() without passing the required arguments item_name and quantity . If you run the script, you’ll get a TypeError whenever a required argument is missing: Python Traceback Traceback (most recent call last): File "optional_params.py" , line 19 , in <module> add_item () ~~~~~~~~^^ TypeError : add_item() missing 2 required positional arguments: ⮑ 'item_name' and 'quantity' The error message is a helpful one in this case. Error messages aren’t always as helpful as this one. However, missing required parameters aren’t the only error message you’ll encounter as you learn to define functions with required and optional parameters. When none of the parameters in a function definition has default values, you can order the parameters in any way you wish. The same applies when all the parameters have default values. However, when you have some parameters with default values and others without, the order in which you define the parameters is important. You can try to swap the order of the parameters with and without default values in the definition of add_item() : Python optional_params.py # ... def add_item ( shopping_list = None , item_name , quantity ): if shopping_list is None : shopping_list = {} if item_name in shopping_list . keys (): shopping_list [ item_name ] += quantity else : shopping_list [ item_name ] = quantity return shopping_list The error message you’ll get when you run this code explains the rule fairly clearly: Python Traceback File "optional_params.py" , line 9 def add_item ( shopping_list = None , item_name , quantity ): ^^^^^^^^^ SyntaxError : parameter without a default follows parameter with a default The parameters with no default value must always come before those that have a default value. Note: Since Python 3.8, you can also mark positional-only parameters with a forward slash ( / ) and keyword-only parameters with an asterisk ( * ). Read more in What Are Python Asterisk and Slash Special Parameters For? . In the above example, item_name and quantity must always be assigned a value as an argument. Placing parameters with default values first would make the function call ambiguous. The first two required arguments can then be followed by an optional third argument. Using args and kwargs There are two other types of Python optional arguments you’ll need to know about. In the earlier sections of this tutorial, you’ve learned how to create a function with an optional argument. If you need more optional arguments, then you can create more parameters with default values when defining the function. However, it’s possible to define a function that accepts any number of optional arguments. You can even define functions that accept any number of keyword arguments. Keyword arguments are arguments that have a keyword and a value associated with them, as you’ll learn in the coming sections. To define functions with a variable number of input arguments and keywords, you’ll need to learn about args and kwargs . In this tutorial, you’ll look at the most important points you need to know about these Python optional arguments. You can explore args and kwargs further if you want to learn more. Functions Accepting Any Number of Arguments Before defining a function that accepts any number of arguments, you’ll need to be familiar with the unpacking operator . You can start a new Python REPL session and enter a list such as the following one: Python >>> some_items = [ "Coffee" , "Tea" , "Cake" , "Bread" ] The variable some_items points to a list, and the list, in turn, has four items within it. If you use some_items as an argument to print() , then you’re passing one variable to print() : Python >>> print ( some_items ) ['Coffee', 'Tea', 'Cake', 'Bread'] print() displays the list, as you would expect. However, if you had to use *some_items within the parentheses of print() , then you’ll get a different outcome: Python >>> print ( * some_items ) Coffee Tea Cake Bread This time, print() displays the four separate strings rather than the list. This is equivalent to writing the following: Python >>> print ( "Coffee" , "Tea" , "Cake" , "Bread" ) Coffee Tea Cake Bread When the asterisk or star symbol ( * ) is used immediately before a sequence , such as some_items , it unpacks the sequence into its individual components. When a sequence, such as a list, is unpacked, its items are extracted and treated as individual objects. You may have noticed that print() can take any number of arguments. You’ve used it with one input argument and with four input arguments in the examples above. You can also use print() with empty parentheses, and it will print a blank line. You’re now ready to define your own functions that accept a variable number of input arguments. For the time being, you can simplify add_items() to accept only the names of the items you want in the shopping list. You’ll set the quantity to 1 for each item. You’ll then get back to including the quantities as part of the input arguments in the next section. The function signature that includes a variable number of input arguments using args looks like this: Python def add_items ( shopping_list , * args ): You’ll often see function signatures that use the name args to represent this type of optional argument. However, this is just a parameter name. There is nothing special about the name args . It’s the preceding asterisk ( * ) that gives this parameter its particular properties, which you’ll read about below. Often, it’s better to use a parameter name that suits your needs best to make the code more readable, as in the example below: Python optional_params.py def show_list ( shopping_list , include_quantities = True ): for item_name , quantity in shopping_list . items (): if include_quantities : print ( f " { quantity } x { item_name } " ) else : print ( item_name ) print () def add_items ( shopping_list , * item_names ): for item_name in item_names : shopping_list [ item_name ] = 1 return shopping_list shopping_list = {} shopping_list = add_items ( shopping_list , "Coffee" , "Tea" , "Cake" , "Bread" ) show_list ( shopping_list ) The first argument when calling add_items() is a required argument. Following the first argument, the function can accept any number of additional arguments. In this case, you’ve added four additional arguments when calling the function. Here’s the output of the above code: Shell $ python optional_params.py 1x Coffee 1x Tea 1x Cake 1x Bread You can understand what’s happening with the item_names parameter by looking at a simplified example that you can run in your REPL : Python >>> def add_items_demo ( * item_names ): ... print ( type ( item_names )) ... print ( item_names ) ... >>> add_items_demo ( "Coffee" , "Tea" , "Cake" , "Bread" ) <class 'tuple'> ('Coffee', 'Tea', 'Cake', 'Bread') When you display the data type, you can see that item_names is a tuple . Therefore, all the additional arguments are assigned as items in the tuple item_names . You can then use this tuple within the function definition as you did in the main definition of add_items() above, in which you’re iterating through the tuple item_names using a for loop . This is not the same as passing a tuple as an argument in the function call. Using *args allows you to use the function more flexibly, as you can add as many arguments as you wish without the need to place them in a tuple in the function call. If you don’t add any additional arguments when you call the function, then the tuple will be empty: Python >>> add_items_demo () <class 'tuple'> () When you add args to a function definition, you’ll usually add them after all the required and optional parameters. You can have keyword-only arguments that follow the args , but for this tutorial, you can assume that args will usually be added after all other arguments, except for kwargs , which you’ll learn about in the following section. Remove ads Functions Accepting Any Number of Keyword Arguments When you define a function with parameters, you have a choice of calling the function using either non-keyword arguments or keyword arguments: Python >>> def test_arguments ( a , b ): ... print ( a ) ... print ( b ) ... >>> test_arguments ( "first argument" , "second argument" ) first argument second argument >>> test_arguments ( a = "first argument" , b = "second argument" ) first argument second argument In the first function call, the arguments are passed by position, whereas in the second one, they’re passed by keyword. If you use keyword arguments, then you no longer need to input arguments in the order they’re defined: Python >>> test_arguments ( b = "second argument" , a = "first argument" ) first argument second argument You can change this default behavior by declaring positional-only arguments or keyword-only arguments . When defining a function, you can include any number of optional keyword arguments to be included using kwargs , which stands for keyword arguments. The function signature looks like this: Python def add_items ( shopping_list , ** kwargs ): The parameter name kwargs is preceded by two asterisks ( ** ). The double star or asterisk operates similarly to the single asterisk you used earlier to unpack items from a sequence. The double star is used to unpack items from a mapping . A mapping is a data type that has paired values as items, such as a dictionary. The parameter name kwargs is often used in function definitions, but the parameter can have any other name as long as it’s preceded by the ** operator. You can now rewrite add_items() so that it accepts any number of keyword arguments: Python optional_params.py def show_list ( shopping_list , include_quantities = True ): for item_name , quantity in shopping_list . items (): if include_quantities : print ( f " { quantity } x { item_name } " ) else : print ( item_name ) print () def add_items ( shopping_list , ** things_to_buy ): for item_name , quantity in things_to_buy . items (): shopping_list [ item_name ] = quantity return shopping_list shopping_list = {} shopping_list = add_items ( shopping_list , coffee = 1 , tea = 2 , cake = 1 , bread = 3 ) show_list ( shopping_list ) The output from this code displays the items in the dictionary shopping_list , showing all four things you wish to buy and their respective quantities. You included this information as keyword arguments when you called the function: Shell $ python optional_params.py 1x coffee 2x tea 1x cake 3x bread Earlier, you learned that args is a tuple, and the optional non-keyword arguments used in the function call are stored as items in the tuple. The optional keyword arguments are stored in a dictionary, and the keyword arguments are stored as key-value pairs in this dictionary. Fire up another REPL session to take a closer look at another simplified example: Python >>> def add_items_demo ( ** things_to_buy ): ... print ( type ( things_to_buy )) ... print ( things_to_buy ) ... >>> add_items_demo ( coffee = 1 , tea = 2 , cake = 1 , bread = 3 ) <class 'dict'> {'coffee': 1, 'tea': 2, 'cake': 1, 'bread': 3} To learn more about args and kwargs , you can read Python args and kwargs: Demystified , and you’ll find more details about keyword and non-keyword arguments in functions and the order in which arguments can be used in Defining Your Own Python Function . Conclusion Defining your own function to create a self-contained mini-program is one of the key building blocks when writing code. The most useful and powerful functions are those that perform one clear task and that you can use in a flexible manner. Using optional arguments is a key technique to achieve this. In this tutorial, you’ve learned: What the difference is between parameters and arguments How to define functions with optional arguments and default parameter values How to define functions using args and kwargs How to deal with error messages about optional arguments A good understanding of optional arguments will also help you use functions in the standard library and in other third-party modules. Displaying the documentation for these functions will show you the function signature from which you’ll be able to identify which arguments are required, which ones are optional, and which ones are args or kwargs . However, the main skill you’ve learned in this tutorial is to define your own functions. You can now start writing functions with required and optional parameters and with a variable number of non-keyword and keyword arguments. Mastering these skills will help you take your Python coding to the next level. Get Your Code: Click here to download the free sample code that you’ll use to learn about the optional arguments in functions. Remove ads Frequently Asked Questions Now that you have some experience with optional arguments in Python, you can use the questions and answers below to check your understanding and recap what you’ve learned. These FAQs are related to the most important concepts you’ve covered in this tutorial. Click the Show/Hide toggle beside each question to reveal the answer. What is the difference between parameters and arguments in Python functions? Show/Hide You define parameters when you write a function, and you provide arguments when you call it. Parameters are names inside the function definition, while arguments are the actual values you pass in. Why should you avoid using mutable default arguments like lists or dictionaries? Show/Hide You should avoid mutable defaults because Python reuses the same object across calls. This can lead to unexpected behavior when changes persist between function calls. How do args and kwargs make functions more flexible? Show/Hide You use *args to accept any number of positional arguments and **kwargs to accept any number of keyword arguments. This makes your functions flexible because they can handle inputs of varying size without rewriting code. What happens if you misorder required and optional parameters in a function definition? Show/Hide If you place a parameter with a default value before one without, then Python raises a SyntaxError . Required parameters must always come before optional ones. When should you use None as a default value instead of a mutable object? Show/Hide You use None when you want to create a new object inside the function each time it runs. This prevents functions from sharing the same mutable default object between calls. Take the Quiz: Test your knowledge with our interactive “Using Python Optional Arguments When Defining Functions” quiz. You’ll receive a score upon completion to help you track your learning progress: Interactive Quiz Using Python Optional Arguments When Defining Functions Practice Python function parameters, default values, *args, **kwargs, and safe optional arguments with quick questions and short code tasks. Mark as Completed Share Watch Now This tutorial has a related video course created by the Real Python team. Watch it together with the written tutorial to deepen your understanding: Defining Python Functions With Optional Arguments 🐍 Python Tricks 💌 Get a short & sweet Python Trick delivered to your inbox every couple of days. No spam ever. Unsubscribe any time. Curated by the Real Python team. Send Me Python Tricks » About Stephen Gruppetta Stephen obtained a PhD in physics and worked as a physicist in academia for over a decade before becoming a Python educator. 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Report Abuse Riyana Patel for PullFlow Posted on Jul 18, 2025 • Edited on Jul 29, 2025 • Originally published at youtu.be Project of the Week: Supabase # programming # opensource # discuss # github 🍩 Project of the Week (26 Part Series) 1 Introducing: Project of the Week! 2 Project of the Week: Prisma ... 22 more parts... 3 Project of the Week: TanStack Query 4 Project of the Week: HedgeDoc 🦔 5 Project of the Week: Grafana 6 Project of the Week: Ghost 👻 7 Project of the Week: TensorFlow 8 Project of the Week: MapLibre 9 Project of the Week: Windmill 10 Project of the Week: Deno 11 Project of the Week - 10 Weeks Later! 12 Project of the Week: Excalidraw 13 Project of the Week: Supabase 14 Project of the Week: Clerk 15 Project of the Week: freeCodeCamp 16 Project of the Week: Appwrite 17 Project of the Week: Chart.js 18 Project of the Week: n8n 19 Project of the Week: PyTorch 20 Project of the Week: Emotion-js 21 Project of the Week: Chainguard 22 Project of the Week: Dify 23 Project of the Week: Alpine.js 24 Project of the Week: Svelte 25 Project of the Week: .NET Runtime 26 LobeChat: Where Bots Write 23% of the Code and Reviews Take 42 Seconds The open source Firebase alternative that's mastering community-driven development at scale Introduction When developers dream of the perfect backend-as-a-service platform, Supabase consistently comes to mind. This open source Firebase alternative has exploded in popularity, amassing over 71,000 GitHub stars and becoming the poster child for how to build developer tools in the open. What started as a bold vision to create an open source alternative to proprietary BaaS platforms has evolved into a comprehensive ecosystem featuring real-time databases, authentication, edge functions, and storage solutions. But here's what's fascinating: behind Supabase's polished developer experience lies a collaboration model that's worth studying. We analyzed their development patterns on collab.dev and uncovered some compelling insights about how they balance rapid innovation with community engagement. What the Data Reveals Community-First Development Philosophy The numbers tell a remarkable story: 71% of Supabase's pull requests come from community contributors , with only 28% from the core team. This isn't just impressive, it's almost unprecedented for a project of this complexity and commercial success. Most venture-backed open source companies struggle to maintain this level of external contribution as they scale. Thorough Review Culture Supabase maintains 100% review coverage , ensuring every single contribution gets proper attention before hitting main. While their median review turnaround sits at around 3 hours , the team clearly prioritizes thoughtful evaluation over speed. This approach likely contributes to the project's reputation for stability and quality. Measured Development Pace With an overall wait time of about 9.5 hours and a median merge time of 22 hours , Supabase operates at a deliberate pace. This isn't the breakneck speed of some startups, but rather the measured approach of a team that values sustainable development and community input. Minimal Automation Overhead Only 1% of PRs are bot-generated , suggesting Supabase keeps automation focused and intentional. When combined with just 8% bot activity overall , this indicates a development process that stays fundamentally human-centered. Supabase vs. Appwrite Since developers often evaluate Supabase against Appwrite when choosing an open source backend solution, their collaboration approaches offer a fascinating study in contrasts: Metric Supabase Appwrite Key Difference Community Contributions 71% 35% Supabase has 2× more community involvement Review Coverage 100% 97% Both maintain high standards Review Turnaround 2h 57m 5m 52s Appwrite reviews 30× faster Overall Wait Time 9h 35m 28m Appwrite moves 20× quicker Core Team Focus 28% 65% Appwrite more core-team driven These metrics reveal fundamentally different philosophies. Appwrite operates like a well-oiled machine with rapid turnarounds and concentrated core team control. Supabase, meanwhile, has embraced a more distributed model that prioritizes community engagement over speed. The Trade-offs in Action: Supabase's approach fosters broader community ownership but requires patience Appwrite's model enables faster iteration but concentrates knowledge within the core team Both achieve excellent review coverage, just through different mechanisms The Supabase Strategy: Slow and Steady Wins the Community What emerges from Supabase's metrics is a portrait of intentional community building. Their willingness to accept longer development cycles in exchange for deeper community involvement represents a long-term bet on sustainability over velocity. This approach aligns with their open source positioning – they're not just building a product, they're cultivating an ecosystem. The 71% community contribution rate suggests they've succeeded in making external developers feel genuinely invested in the platform's future. For a company that's raised significant venture capital, this community-first approach is both admirable and strategically sound. It creates switching costs that go beyond technical integration – contributors become stakeholders. Supabase Metrics on collab.dev Supabase vs Appwrite Comparison Supabase GitHub Repository collab.dev pullflow.com 🍩 Project of the Week (26 Part Series) 1 Introducing: Project of the Week! 2 Project of the Week: Prisma ... 22 more parts... 3 Project of the Week: TanStack Query 4 Project of the Week: HedgeDoc 🦔 5 Project of the Week: Grafana 6 Project of the Week: Ghost 👻 7 Project of the Week: TensorFlow 8 Project of the Week: MapLibre 9 Project of the Week: Windmill 10 Project of the Week: Deno 11 Project of the Week - 10 Weeks Later! 12 Project of the Week: Excalidraw 13 Project of the Week: Supabase 14 Project of the Week: Clerk 15 Project of the Week: freeCodeCamp 16 Project of the Week: Appwrite 17 Project of the Week: Chart.js 18 Project of the Week: n8n 19 Project of the Week: PyTorch 20 Project of the Week: Emotion-js 21 Project of the Week: Chainguard 22 Project of the Week: Dify 23 Project of the Week: Alpine.js 24 Project of the Week: Svelte 25 Project of the Week: .NET Runtime 26 LobeChat: Where Bots Write 23% of the Code and Reviews Take 42 Seconds Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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https://docs.suprsend.com/docs/go-live-checklist | Go-live checklist - SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams Skip to main content SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Community Trust Center Platform Status Postman Collection GETTING STARTED What is SuprSend? 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Navigation GETTING STARTED Go-live checklist Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog GETTING STARTED Go-live checklist OpenAI Open in ChatGPT Checklist to ensure a smooth transition of your notifications from staging to production, covering pre-launch preparations, testing, and post-launch monitoring OpenAI Open in ChatGPT In SuprSend, workspaces are logically isolated and share no data by default. This means, all your assets (workflows, templates, users, preferences) and config files (vendor, API Keys) are independently set in workspaces and won’t be shared across workspaces. Also check our best practices to design an effective notification system for your use case. Pre-Go-Live preparation 1 Configure Production Workspace (Vendor and API Keys) Add vendor settings in your production workspace for the channels you plan to use for notifications. Set the API Keys, workspace key, and secret for your production workspace in both client-side and server-side applications. For Inbox integration, update the Inbox secret in your server-side code to generate user HMAC for the production environment. You can obtain this secret from the Inbox vendor configuration page on the SuprSend dashboard. 2 Setup Notification tracking Add SuprSend webhook url in respective vendor portals for SMS, Email and Whatsapp to track delivery metrics (delivered, click, seen) in logs and analytics. 3 Sync users in your production workspace Only required if you are using event based workflow triggers You can setup user sync from your frontend application or via backend systems. The best way to keep user data updated at all times is to setup a sync when user profile is created or updated in your database. Be cautious of large user syncs just before triggering notifications, as users are updated in async manner and it may result in some users not being synced in time and eventually getting missed from final notifications. 4 Thoroughly test your workflows in staging workspace Test your workflow changes using test runner with actual trigger data to make sure that template content and workflow logic is working as expected. Some common issues to check: URLs and text with special characters should be enclosed in triple curly braces {{{...}}} to avoid random text added in final template due to HTML character escaping. Adding batch node in workflow also changes the output variables structure and the template should also be modified to include batched variables output. See how to add batched variables in templates . Remember to commit all template and workflow changes, as uncommitted edits will not be used when triggered from backend. Use Test Mode to safely test notification flows without delivering to real users. 5 Push your workflow changes to production You’ll need to push template, workflow, preference changes from staging to production workspace. You can do this by cloning your assets between workspaces. You’ll get clone option next to each asset that you created. You can also push your changes in an automated manner as feature release using CLI (coming soon…) Post-Go-Live checks 6 Track and monitor notification performance Check Analytics to track engagement metrics (open, seen, click) and use it to optimize workflow and templates over time. You can see analytics for each workflow inside workflow details page and overall analytics on the home page . You can refer to all the statuses tracked per channel here. 7 Check logs for any critical errors Regularly check the Logs page for the first 3-4 days after going live. Look for any anomalies or critical errors and address them promptly. Logs are divided in 3 sections: Requests : All the requests sent to SuprSend from your backend or Frontend systems are logged here. You can see the input payload and request response here. Executions : Workflow executions are logged in this tab. You can click on each log in this tab to see step-by-step debugger of the workflows. Messages : This is where all delivery nodes and their sent message status (delivery, seen, clicked) can be tracked. You’ll also be able to see message preview of your delivered messages here (coming soon). For any assistance in fixing errors, our Slack Support Channel is available 24/7. Was this page helpful? Yes No Suggest edits Raise issue Previous Design Template How to create, manage, and test templates in SuprSend. Next ⌘ I x github linkedin youtube Powered by On this page Pre-Go-Live preparation Post-Go-Live checks | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://forum.midnight.network | Midnight Network Midnight Network Midnight is a cutting-edge, privacy-focused blockchain network designed to empower developers with zero-knowledge (ZK) technology. Topic Replies Views Activity Welcome to Midnight Network! :wave: General 30 580 January 6, 2026 🇪🇸 Estado de la red - diciembre 2025 Translations translated-content 0 5 January 12, 2026 🇻🇪 Midnight Foundation colabora con Fireblocks para ampliar el acceso institucional a Web3 Translations translated-content 0 6 January 12, 2026 🇻🇪 El lanzamiento del token NIGHT cuenta con el apoyo de los principales exchanges, custodios y agregadores de datos del mundo Translations translated-content 0 8 January 11, 2026 🇮🇩 [Komunitas Midnight Indonesia] Midnight Developer Workshop - Jan 2026 Events learning , community 0 20 January 9, 2026 🇮🇩 Peluncuran token NIGHT didukung oleh bursa global terkemuka, penyedia kustodian, dan agregator data Translations translated-content 0 12 January 9, 2026 Testing smart contract with time manipulation Technical Questions best-practices , compact 1 26 January 8, 2026 Midnight Preview Network General 1 28 January 7, 2026 Update: midnight preview network is liive on midnight explorer General community , ecosytem 0 22 January 7, 2026 Twitter community Ecosystem community , ecosytem 7 43 January 7, 2026 Midnight explorer is launching the midnight preview network General community , ecosytem 0 25 January 6, 2026 Midnight Ecosystem is booming with a series of quality projects and partners! General ecosytem 4 53 January 6, 2026 Midnight Escrow prototype General learning , compact , ecosytem , best-practices , community 3 42 January 6, 2026 Developer Questions about NIGHT and DUST Technical Questions 10 132 January 7, 2026 La Segunda Encuesta Anual de Midnight: Enfoque en el Crecimiento Global Translations translated-content 0 10 January 6, 2026 Glacier Drop issue Technical Questions learning 1 17 January 6, 2026 NIGHT is live — backed by top global exchanges and institutions General 0 19 January 5, 2026 Faucet request failing – InvalidAddressError Technical Questions 5 96 January 4, 2026 Unable to get wallet address from Lace wallet Technical Questions ecosytem 0 46 January 3, 2026 Night Token Redemption Unsuccesfull General 2 72 January 2, 2026 Kūkolu – midnight’s “safe port” phase is here! General community , ecosytem 0 40 January 1, 2026 Midnight Network recap before closing out 2025 – truly a breakout year! General ecosytem 0 35 December 31, 2025 Addressing the issue of $Night receiving addresses having exposed seed phrases. Glacier Drop/Scavenger Mine learning , best-practices 0 20 December 31, 2025 I used Coinbase Cardano address for my glacier drop. 83,000 worth of night - can't access Glacier Drop/Scavenger Mine 0 20 December 31, 2025 I built a free Scrapper for Privacy Research & Education General learning 0 25 December 30, 2025 Midnightexplorer.com MAJOR UPGRADE incoming! General ecosytem 1 88 December 30, 2025 🇮🇩 Survei Tahunan Kedua Midnight: Sorotan Pertumbuhan Global Translations translated-content 0 14 December 29, 2025 🇻🇪 Conozca a los socios del ecosistema que operan Hydra Heads Translations translated-content 0 12 December 29, 2025 Self Introduction General community 2 33 December 29, 2025 🇧🇷 Apresentamos o Cohort 0 do Midnight Aliit Fellowship Translations translated-content 0 15 December 28, 2025 next page → Home Categories Guidelines Powered by Discourse , best viewed with JavaScript enabled | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://openfeature.dev/docs/reference/sdks/client/web/react | OpenFeature React SDK | OpenFeature Skip to main content Check out our KubeCon NA '25 recap, and our new training course! Docs Specification Ecosystem Community Support & Training Tutorials Blog Search Introduction Concepts Evaluation API Providers Evaluation Context Hooks Events SDK Paradigms Tracking SDKs SDK Compatibility Overview Server Dart .NET Go Java Node.js NestJS PHP Python Ruby Rust Client Kotlin iOS Web Angular React Other Technologies CLI OFREP OpenAPI Spec MCP Contributing SDKs Client Web React On this page OpenFeature React SDK Overview The OpenFeature React SDK adds React-specific functionality to the OpenFeature Web SDK . In addition to the feature provided by the web sdk , capabilities include: Overview Quick start Requirements Install npm yarn Required peer dependencies Usage OpenFeatureProvider context provider Evaluation hooks Declarative components FeatureFlag Component Multiple Providers and Domains Re-rendering with Context Changes Re-rendering with Flag Configuration Changes Suspense Support Tracking Observability Considerations Testing FAQ and troubleshooting Resources Quick start MCP Install 📋 Copy Prompt Follow the MCP Getting Started guide to quickly set up the OpenFeature MCP server and connect your AI tool. Run this prompt: "Install OpenFeature into this app" Quick Install: 📦 Install in Cursor 📦 Install in VS Code claude mcp add --transport stdio openfeature npx -y @openfeature/mcp Requirements ES2015-compatible web browser (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, etc) React version 16.8+ Install npm npm install --save @openfeature/react-sdk yarn # yarn requires manual installation of the peer dependencies (see below) yarn add @openfeature/react-sdk @openfeature/web-sdk @openfeature/core Required peer dependencies The following list contains the peer dependencies of @openfeature/react-sdk . See the package.json for the required versions. @openfeature/web-sdk react Usage OpenFeatureProvider context provider The OpenFeatureProvider is a React context provider which represents a scope for feature flag evaluations within a React application. It binds an OpenFeature client to all evaluations within child components, and allows the use of evaluation hooks. The example below shows how to use the OpenFeatureProvider with OpenFeature's InMemoryProvider . import { EvaluationContext , OpenFeatureProvider , useFlag , OpenFeature , InMemoryProvider } from '@openfeature/react-sdk' ; const flagConfig = { 'new-message' : { disabled : false , variants : { on : true , off : false , } , defaultVariant : 'on' , contextEvaluator : ( context : EvaluationContext ) => { if ( context . silly ) { return 'on' ; } return 'off' ; } , } , } ; // Instantiate and set our provider (be sure this only happens once)! // Note: there's no need to await its initialization, the React SDK handles re-rendering and suspense for you! OpenFeature . setProvider ( new InMemoryProvider ( flagConfig ) ) ; // Enclose your content in the configured provider function App ( ) { return ( < OpenFeatureProvider > < Page > </ Page > </ OpenFeatureProvider > ) ; } Evaluation hooks Within the provider, you can use the various evaluation hooks to evaluate flags. function Page ( ) { // Use the "query-style" flag evaluation hook, specifying a flag-key and a default value. const { value : showNewMessage } = useFlag ( 'new-message' , true ) ; return ( < div className = " App " > < header className = " App-header " > { showNewMessage ? < p > Welcome to this OpenFeature-enabled React app! </ p > : < p > Welcome to this React app. </ p > } </ header > </ div > ) ; } You can use the strongly typed flag value and flag evaluation detail hooks as well if you prefer. import { useBooleanFlagValue } from '@openfeature/react-sdk' ; // boolean flag evaluation const value = useBooleanFlagValue ( 'new-message' , false ) ; import { useBooleanFlagDetails } from '@openfeature/react-sdk' ; // "detailed" boolean flag evaluation const { value , variant , reason , flagMetadata } = useBooleanFlagDetails ( 'new-message' , false ) ; Declarative components The React SDK includes declarative components for feature flagging that provide a more JSX-native approach to conditional rendering. FeatureFlag Component The FeatureFlag component conditionally renders its children based on feature flag evaluation: import { FeatureFlag } from '@openfeature/react-sdk' ; function App ( ) { return ( < OpenFeatureProvider > { /* Basic usage - renders children when flag is truthy */ } < FeatureFlag flagKey = " new-feature " defaultValue = { false } > < NewFeatureComponent /> </ FeatureFlag > { /* Match specific values */ } < FeatureFlag flagKey = " theme " matchValue = " dark " defaultValue = " light " > < DarkThemeStyles /> </ FeatureFlag > { /* Boolean flag with fallback */ } < FeatureFlag flagKey = " premium-feature " matchValue = { true } defaultValue = { false } fallback = { < UpgradePrompt /> } > < PremiumContent /> </ FeatureFlag > { /* Custom predicate function for complex matching */ } < FeatureFlag flagKey = " user-segment " defaultValue = " " matchValue = " beta " // check if the actual flag value includes the match ('beta') predicate = { ( expected , actual ) => ! ! expected && actual . value . includes ( expected ) } > < BetaFeatures /> </ FeatureFlag > { /* Function as children for accessing flag details */ } < FeatureFlag flagKey = " experiment " defaultValue = " control " matchValue = " beta " > { ( { value , reason } ) => ( < span > value is { value } , reason is { reason ?. toString ( ) } </ span > ) } </ FeatureFlag > </ OpenFeatureProvider > ) ; } The FeatureFlag component supports the following props: flagKey (required): The feature flag key to evaluate defaultValue (required): Default value when the flag is not available matchValue (required, except for boolean flags): Value to match against the flag value. By default, an optimized deep-comparison function is used. predicate (optional): Custom function for matching logic that receives the expected value and evaluation details children : Content to render when condition is met (can be JSX or a function receiving flag details) fallback (optional): Content to render when condition is not met Multiple Providers and Domains Multiple providers can be used by passing a domain to the OpenFeatureProvider : // Flags within this domain will use the client/provider associated with `my-domain`, function App ( ) { return ( < OpenFeatureProvider domain = { 'my-domain' } > < Page > </ Page > </ OpenFeatureProvider > ) ; } This is analogous to: OpenFeature . getClient ( 'my-domain' ) ; For more information about domains , refer to the web SDK . Re-rendering with Context Changes By default, if the OpenFeature evaluation context is modified, components will be re-rendered. This is useful in cases where flag values are dependant on user-attributes or other application state (user logged in, items in card, etc). You can disable this feature in the hook options (or in the OpenFeatureProvider ): function Page ( ) { const { value : showNewMessage } = useFlag ( 'new-message' , false , { updateOnContextChanged : false } ) ; return ( < div className = " App " > < header className = " App-header " > { showNewMessage ? < p > Welcome to this OpenFeature-enabled React app! </ p > : < p > Welcome to this React app. </ p > } </ header > </ div > ) ; } For more information about how evaluation context works in the React SDK, see the documentation on OpenFeature's static context SDK paradigm . Re-rendering with Flag Configuration Changes By default, if the underlying provider emits a ConfigurationChanged event, components will be re-rendered. This is useful if you want your UI to immediately reflect changes in the backend flag configuration. You can disable this feature in the hook options (or in the OpenFeatureProvider ): function Page ( ) { const { value : showNewMessage } = useFlag ( 'new-message' , false , { updateOnConfigurationChanged : false } ) ; return ( < div className = " App " > < header className = " App-header " > { showNewMessage ? < p > Welcome to this OpenFeature-enabled React app! </ p > : < p > Welcome to this React app. </ p > } </ header > </ div > ) ; } If your provider doesn't support updates, this configuration has no impact. Note If your provider includes a list of flags changed in its PROVIDER_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED event, that list of flags is used to decide which flag evaluation hooks should re-run by diffing the latest value of these flags with the previous render. If your provider event does not the include the flags changed list, then the SDK diffs all flags with the previous render to determine which hooks should re-run. Suspense Support Note React suspense is an experimental feature and is subject to change in future versions. Frequently, providers need to perform some initial startup tasks. It may be desirable not to display components with feature flags until this is complete or when the context changes. Built-in suspense support makes this easy. Use useSuspenseFlag or pass { suspend: true } in the hook options to leverage this functionality. function Content ( ) { // cause the "fallback" to be displayed if the component uses feature flags and the provider is not ready return ( < Suspense fallback = { < Fallback /> } > < Message /> </ Suspense > ) ; } function Message ( ) { // component to render after READY, equivalent to useFlag('new-message', false, { suspend: true }); const { value : showNewMessage } = useSuspenseFlag ( 'new-message' , false ) ; return ( < > { showNewMessage ? ( < p > Welcome to this OpenFeature-enabled React app! </ p > ) : ( < p > Welcome to this plain old React app! </ p > ) } </ > ) ; } function Fallback ( ) { // component to render before READY. return < p > Waiting for provider to be ready... </ p > ; } This can be disabled in the hook options (or in the OpenFeatureProvider ). Tracking The tracking API allows you to use OpenFeature abstractions and objects to associate user actions with feature flag evaluations. This is essential for robust experimentation powered by feature flags. For example, a flag enhancing the appearance of a UI component might drive user engagement to a new feature; to test this hypothesis, telemetry collected by a hook or provider can be associated with telemetry reported in the client's track function. The React SDK includes a hook for firing tracking events in the <OpenFeatureProvider> context in use: function MyComponent ( ) { // get a tracking function for this <OpenFeatureProvider>. const { track } = useTrack ( ) ; // call the tracking event // can be done in render, useEffect, or in handlers, depending on your use case track ( eventName , trackingDetails ) ; return < > ... </ > ; } Observability Considerations React's lifecycle can result in flags being evaluated multiple times as a user interacts with a page. If you are using an OpenFeature hook for telemetry, this can result in inflated evaluation metrics. The OpenFeature debounce hook can help to reduce the amount of redundant evaluations reported to your observability platform by limiting the frequency at which evaluation metrics are reported. Testing The React SDK includes a built-in context provider for testing. This allows you to easily test components that use evaluation hooks (such as useFlag ) or declarative components (such as FeatureFlag ). If you try to test a component (in this case, MyComponent ) which uses feature flags, you might see an error message like: No OpenFeature client available - components using OpenFeature must be wrapped with an <OpenFeatureProvider> . You can resolve this by simply wrapping your component under test in the OpenFeatureTestProvider: // use default values for all evaluations < OpenFeatureTestProvider > < MyComponent /> </ OpenFeatureTestProvider > The basic configuration above will simply use the default value provided in code. If you'd like to control the values returned by the evaluation hooks, you can pass a map of flag keys and values: // return `true` for all evaluations of `'my-boolean-flag'` < OpenFeatureTestProvider flagValueMap = { { 'my-boolean-flag' : true } } > < MyComponent /> </ OpenFeatureTestProvider > // testing declarative FeatureFlag components < OpenFeatureTestProvider flagValueMap = { { 'new-feature' : true , 'theme' : 'dark' } } > < FeatureFlag flagKey = " new-feature " defaultValue = { false } > < NewFeature /> </ FeatureFlag > < FeatureFlag flagKey = " theme " matchValue = " dark " defaultValue = " light " > < DarkMode /> </ FeatureFlag > </ OpenFeatureTestProvider > Additionally, you can pass an artificial delay for the provider startup to test your suspense boundaries or loaders/spinners impacted by feature flags: // delay the provider start by 1000ms and then return `true` for all evaluations of `'my-boolean-flag'` < OpenFeatureTestProvider delayMs = { 1000 } flagValueMap = { { 'my-boolean-flag' : true } } > < MyComponent /> </ OpenFeatureTestProvider > For maximum control, you can also pass your own mock provider implementation. The type of this option is Partial<Provider> , so you can pass an incomplete implementation: class MyTestProvider implements Partial < Provider > { // implement the relevant resolver resolveBooleanEvaluation ( ) : ResolutionDetails < boolean > { return { value : true , variant : 'my-variant' , reason : 'MY_REASON' , } ; } } // use your custom testing provider < OpenFeatureTestProvider provider = { new MyTestProvider ( ) } > < MyComponent /> </ OpenFeatureTestProvider > , FAQ and troubleshooting I get an error that says something like: A React component suspended while rendering, but no fallback UI was specified. The OpenFeature React SDK features built-in suspense support . This means that it will render your loading fallback automatically while your provider starts up and during context reconciliation for any of your components using feature flags! If you use suspense and neglect to create a suspense boundary around any components using feature flags, you will see this error. Add a suspense boundary to resolve this issue. Alternatively, you can disable this suspense (the default) by removing suspendWhileReconciling=true , suspendUntilReady=true or suspend=true in the evaluation hooks or the OpenFeatureProvider (which applies to all evaluation hooks in child components). I get odd rendering issues or errors when components mount if I use the suspense features. In React 16/17's "Legacy Suspense", when a component suspends, its sibling components initially mount and then are hidden. This can cause surprising effects and inconsistencies if sibling components are rendered while the provider is still getting ready. To fix this, you can upgrade to React 18, which uses "Concurrent Suspense", in which siblings are not mounted until their suspended sibling resolves. Alternatively, if you cannot upgrade to React 18, you can use the useWhenProviderReady utility hook in any sibling components to prevent them from mounting until the provider is ready. I am using multiple OpenFeatureProvider contexts, but they share the same provider or evaluation context. Why? The OpenFeatureProvider binds a client to all child components, but the provider and context associated with that client is controlled by the domain parameter. This is consistent with all OpenFeature SDKs. To scope an OpenFeatureProvider to a particular provider/context, set the domain parameter on your OpenFeatureProvider : < OpenFeatureProvider domain = { 'my-domain' } > < Page > </ Page > </ OpenFeatureProvider > I can import things form the @openfeature/react-sdk , @openfeature/web-sdk , and @openfeature/core ; which should I use? The @openfeature/react-sdk re-exports everything from its peers ( @openfeature/web-sdk and @openfeature/core ) and adds the React-specific features. You can import everything from the @openfeature/react-sdk directly. Avoid importing anything from @openfeature/web-sdk or @openfeature/core . 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Design Follow Hide More than just making things look nice... Create Post Older #design posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 235 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . 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Sui Gn Sui Gn Sui Gn Follow Jan 9 Inherent Logic III. # programming # opensource # coding # design Comments Add Comment 1 min read Governance Is Not “Aligned” — It Is Designed Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Follow Jan 9 Governance Is Not “Aligned” — It Is Designed # discuss # ai # architecture # design 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Why Figma SVGs Break Your React App (and How to Fix It Locally) Roberto | Hyper-Tools Roberto | Hyper-Tools Roberto | Hyper-Tools Follow Jan 8 Why Figma SVGs Break Your React App (and How to Fix It Locally) # webdev # react # design # svg Comments 1 comment 1 min read La gobernanza no se “alinea”: se diseña Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Follow Jan 9 La gobernanza no se “alinea”: se diseña # ai # architecture # design # spanish Comments Add Comment 1 min read Legacy-First Design (LFD): Designing Software That Still Makes Sense Over Time Matheus Pereira Matheus Pereira Matheus Pereira Follow Jan 11 Legacy-First Design (LFD): Designing Software That Still Makes Sense Over Time # architecture # design # softwareengineering 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read The "Visual Debt" of Open Source: Why Your Readme is Leaking Users Juddiy Juddiy Juddiy Follow Jan 7 The "Visual Debt" of Open Source: Why Your Readme is Leaking Users # productivity # design # opensource # dx 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Turning AI-generated images into usable color palettes Thanatos Eric Thanatos Eric Thanatos Eric Follow Jan 7 Turning AI-generated images into usable color palettes # design # frontend # webdev # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read The Digital Mismatch: Why University Search Fails the "Education 4.0" Student Annie Ng Annie Ng Annie Ng Follow Jan 11 The Digital Mismatch: Why University Search Fails the "Education 4.0" Student # discuss # design # ux 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why BIM Failures Happen On-Site BIM365 BIM365 BIM365 Follow Jan 6 Why BIM Failures Happen On-Site # bim # design # iso19650 Comments Add Comment 4 min read Designing APIs That Are Hard to Misuse Nilesh Raut Nilesh Raut Nilesh Raut Follow Jan 10 Designing APIs That Are Hard to Misuse # backend # architecture # api # design 15 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read Top Fitness App Paywalls (UX Patterns + Pricing Insights) paywallpro paywallpro paywallpro Follow Jan 7 Top Fitness App Paywalls (UX Patterns + Pricing Insights) # ios # design # mobile # ui Comments Add Comment 4 min read LED Strip Projects: The “Software Bugs” Are Usually Power and Signal emmma emmma emmma Follow Jan 6 LED Strip Projects: The “Software Bugs” Are Usually Power and Signal # beginners # design # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read Subscription Pricing in Photo & Video Apps: What 1,200 Paywalls Reveal paywallpro paywallpro paywallpro Follow Jan 5 Subscription Pricing in Photo & Video Apps: What 1,200 Paywalls Reveal # ios # design # mobile # ui Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building Circadian UI: time-aware theming for React + Next.js (Open Source) Zimtzimt Zimtzimt Zimtzimt Follow Jan 4 Building Circadian UI: time-aware theming for React + Next.js (Open Source) # webdev # css # react # design Comments Add Comment 2 min read Responsive Design Full Guide: Crafting Seamless Experiences Across Every Device Nina Rao Nina Rao Nina Rao Follow Jan 4 Responsive Design Full Guide: Crafting Seamless Experiences Across Every Device # design # ui Comments Add Comment 7 min read Best Atomic UI Component Frameworks for Lightning-Fast Web Development in 2026 Nina Rao Nina Rao Nina Rao Follow Jan 4 Best Atomic UI Component Frameworks for Lightning-Fast Web Development in 2026 # design # ui Comments Add Comment 10 min read Unlocking Atomic Design: Building Modern UIs with Confidence Nina Rao Nina Rao Nina Rao Follow Jan 4 Unlocking Atomic Design: Building Modern UIs with Confidence # design Comments Add Comment 7 min read loading... trending guides/resources Modern Web Design Styles Every Frontend Developer Must Know (2025 Guide) Part 2 Dark vs Bright Website Design: The Real Difference (and How to Choose the Right One) Modern Web Design Styles Every Frontend Developer Must Know (2025 Guide) Gemini 3 Sneaks Into Mobile Apps Via Canvas Anatomy of an Effective SaaS Navigation Menu Design Tips and Tricks for Creating a Good Login Page Design Thoughts on AI and Software Design Patterns 21+ Best Free Tailwind v4 UI Kits and Component Libraries Event-Driven Architecture Part 2: Event Streaming and Pub/Sub Patterns UI/UX Design Trends for 2026: What Every Designer Should Know My SaaS homepage design journey as a backend developer ✨ UI.Glass — Free Glassmorphism CSS Generator Progress Indicators Explained: Types, Variations & Best Practices for SaaS Design The Best UI/UX of 2026? 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https://dev.to/scale_youtube/devoxx-hello-virtual-world-by-keren-kenzi-46i8 | Devoxx: Hello (Virtual) World by Keren Kenzi - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Scale YouTube Posted on Oct 5, 2025 Devoxx: Hello (Virtual) World by Keren Kenzi # javascript Hello (Virtual) World by Keren Kenzi Get ready to dive into a live demo that shows you how to turn your JavaScript and HTML skills into a simple VR game using A-Frame and the DOM API. You’ll pick up the core techniques for building your own virtual world right in the browser. Whether you’re just starting out or already writing slick JS code, this session is all about sparking creativity, inspiring game ideas, and—most importantly—having a blast as you bring your first virtual adventure to life! Watch on YouTube Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Scale YouTube Follow Joined Aug 2, 2025 More from Scale YouTube NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland # javascript # architecture # cloud # azure NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland # javascript # architecture # azure # cloud NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland # javascript # architecture # azure # cloud 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://golf.forem.com/youtube_golf/golfcom-warming-up-with-jon-rahm-and-tyrrell-hatton-1m4l | Golf.com: Warming Up with Jon Rahm and Tyrrell Hatton - Golf Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Golf Forem Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse YouTube Golf Posted on Jul 10, 2025 Golf.com: Warming Up with Jon Rahm and Tyrrell Hatton # golfyoutube # livgolf # rydercup # mentalgame Jon Rahm and Tyrrell Hatton team up on GOLF.com’s Warming Up series, showing why they’re golf soulmates both on and off the course. They share plenty of laughs—Hatton calls Rahm a “big teddy bear” despite his fierce on-course look, while Rahm insists Hatton is “one of the funniest people you’ll ever meet.” Beyond the jokes, they dive into their game-day mindsets: Rahm says he’s “irrationally positive,” whereas Hatton warns that too much positivity can drain you. Their chemistry and contrasting approaches make this rare two-player interview a must-watch for golf fans. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse YouTube Golf Follow Joined Jun 22, 2025 More from YouTube Golf No Laying Up Podcast: Everyone Only: The Gimme Golf Club Origin Story | NLU Pod, Ep 1033 # golf # golfpodcasts # golfyoutube # localgolf Golf.com: Bringing the Anthem to the PGA Tour: One Family's Story of Service # pgatour # historyofgolf # golfyoutube # golfmedia Golf.com: Secrets of Long Island Private Golf: A 1-Member Club, Hamptons Hideaways and Caddie Confessionals # coursereviews # golfdestinations # localgolf # golfyoutube 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Golf Forem — A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Golf Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where hackers, sticks, weekend warriors, pros, architects and wannabes come together Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://docs.github.com/en/site-policy/github-terms/github-terms-of-service | GitHub Terms of Service - GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Free, Pro, & Team Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar Site policy / GitHub Terms / GitHub Terms of Service Home Site policy GitHub Terms GitHub Terms of Service GitHub Corporate Terms of Service GitHub Terms for Additional Products and Features GitHub Community Guidelines GitHub Community Code of Conduct GitHub Pre-release License Terms GitHub DPA-Covered Previews GitHub Sponsors Additional Terms GitHub Registered Developer Agreement GitHub Marketplace Terms of Service GitHub Marketplace Developer Agreement GitHub Research Program Terms GitHub Open Source Applications Terms and Conditions GitHub Event Terms GitHub Event Code of Conduct GitHub Educational Use Agreement GitHub Copilot Extension Developer Policy Acceptable Use Policies GitHub Acceptable Use Policies Active Malware or Exploits Bullying and Harassment Disrupting the Experience of Other Users Doxxing and Invasion of Privacy Hate Speech and Discrimination Impersonation Disinformation Policy Sexually Obscene Content Threats of Violence and Gratuitously Violent Content Terrorism and Violent Extremism Content CSAM Policy NCII Synthetic Media and AI Tools GitHub Appeal and Reinstatement Privacy Policies GitHub General Privacy Statement GitHub Subprocessors GitHub Cookies GitHub Global Data Privacy Notice for Candidates Other Site Policies GitHub and Trade Controls GitHub Deceased User Policy GitHub Logo Policy GitHub Government Takedown Policy GitHub Username Policy Guidelines for Legal Requests of User Data GitHub Account Recovery Policy Content Removal Policies Submitting content removal requests DMCA Takedown Policy GitHub Private Information Removal Policy GitHub Trademark Policy Guide to Submitting a DMCA Counter Notice Guide to Submitting a DMCA Takedown Notice Security Policies Coordinated Disclosure of Security Vulnerabilities GitHub Bug Bounty Program Legal Safe Harbor GitHub SIRT description RFC 2350 GitHub Company Policies GitHub Statement Against Modern Slavery and Child Labor GitHub Anti-Bribery Statement GitHub GPL Cooperation Commitment GitHub Gifts and Entertainment Policy Site policy / GitHub Terms / GitHub Terms of Service GitHub Terms of Service View page as Markdown In this article Summary The GitHub Terms of Service A. Definitions B. Account Terms C. Acceptable Use D. User-Generated Content E. Private Repositories F. Copyright Infringement and DMCA Policy G. Intellectual Property Notice H. API Terms I. GitHub Additional Product Terms J. Beta Previews K. Payment L. Cancellation and Termination M. Communications with GitHub N. Disclaimer of Warranties O. Limitation of Liability P. Release and Indemnification Q. Changes to These Terms R. Miscellaneous Thank you for using GitHub! We're happy you're here. Please read this Terms of Service agreement carefully before accessing or using GitHub. Because it is such an important contract between us and our users, we have tried to make it as clear as possible. For your convenience, we have presented these terms in a short non-binding summary followed by the full legal terms. Summary Section What can you find there? A. Definitions Some basic terms, defined in a way that will help you understand this agreement. Refer back up to this section for clarification. B. Account Terms These are the basic requirements of having an Account on GitHub. C. Acceptable Use These are the basic rules you must follow when using your GitHub Account. D. User-Generated Content You own the content you post on GitHub. However, you have some responsibilities regarding it, and we ask you to grant us some rights so we can provide services to you. E. Private Repositories This section talks about how GitHub will treat content you post in private repositories. F. Copyright & DMCA Policy This section talks about how GitHub will respond if you believe someone is infringing your copyrights on GitHub. G. Intellectual Property Notice This describes GitHub's rights in the website and service. H. API Terms These are the rules for using GitHub's APIs, whether you are using the API for development or data collection. I. Additional Product Terms We have a few specific rules for GitHub's features and products. J. Beta Previews These are some of the additional terms that apply to GitHub's features that are still in development. K. Payment You are responsible for payment. We are responsible for billing you accurately. L. Cancellation and Termination You may cancel this agreement and close your Account at any time. M. Communications with GitHub We only use email and other electronic means to stay in touch with our users. We do not provide phone support. N. Disclaimer of Warranties We provide our service as is, and we make no promises or guarantees about this service. Please read this section carefully; you should understand what to expect. O. Limitation of Liability We will not be liable for damages or losses arising from your use or inability to use the service or otherwise arising under this agreement. Please read this section carefully; it limits our obligations to you. P. Release and Indemnification You are fully responsible for your use of the service. Q. Changes to these Terms of Service We may modify this agreement, but we will give you 30 days' notice of material changes. R. Miscellaneous Please see this section for legal details including our choice of law. The GitHub Terms of Service Effective date: November 16, 2020 A. Definitions Short version: We use these basic terms throughout the agreement, and they have specific meanings. You should know what we mean when we use each of the terms. There's not going to be a test on it, but it's still useful information. An "Account" represents your legal relationship with GitHub. A “Personal Account” represents an individual User’s authorization to log in to and use the Service and serves as a User’s identity on GitHub. “Organizations” are shared workspaces that may be associated with a single entity or with one or more Users where multiple Users can collaborate across many projects at once. A Personal Account can be a member of any number of Organizations. The “Agreement” refers, collectively, to all the terms, conditions, notices contained or referenced in this document (the “Terms of Service” or the "Terms") and all other operating rules, policies (including the GitHub Privacy Statement, available at github.com/site/privacy ) and procedures that we may publish from time to time on the Website. Most of our site policies are available at docs.github.com/categories/site-policy . "Beta Previews" mean software, services, or features identified as alpha, beta, preview, early access, or evaluation, or words or phrases with similar meanings. “Content” refers to content featured or displayed through the Website, including without limitation code, text, data, articles, images, photographs, graphics, software, applications, packages, designs, features, and other materials that are available on the Website or otherwise available through the Service. "Content" also includes Services. “User-Generated Content” is Content, written or otherwise, created or uploaded by our Users. "Your Content" is Content that you create or own. “GitHub,” “We,” and “Us” refer to GitHub, Inc., as well as our affiliates, directors, subsidiaries, contractors, licensors, officers, agents, and employees. The “Service” refers to the applications, software, products, and services provided by GitHub, including any Beta Previews. “The User,” “You,” and “Your” refer to the individual person, company, or organization that has visited or is using the Website or Service; that accesses or uses any part of the Account; or that directs the use of the Account in the performance of its functions. A User must be at least 13 years of age. Special terms may apply for business or government Accounts (See Section B(5): Additional Terms ). The “Website” refers to GitHub’s website located at github.com , and all content, services, and products provided by GitHub at or through the Website. It also refers to GitHub-owned subdomains of github.com, such as education.github.com and pages.github.com . These Terms also govern GitHub’s conference websites, such as githubuniverse.com , and product websites, such as electronjs.org . Occasionally, websites owned by GitHub may provide different or additional terms of service. If those additional terms conflict with this Agreement, the more specific terms apply to the relevant page or service. B. Account Terms Short version: Personal Accounts and Organizations have different administrative controls; a human must create your Account; you must be 13 or over; you must provide a valid email address; and you may not have more than one free Account. You alone are responsible for your Account and anything that happens while you are signed in to or using your Account. You are responsible for keeping your Account secure. 1. Account Controls Users. Subject to these Terms, you retain ultimate administrative control over your Personal Account and the Content within it. Organizations. The "owner" of an Organization that was created under these Terms has ultimate administrative control over that Organization and the Content within it. Within the Service, an owner can manage User access to the Organization’s data and projects. An Organization may have multiple owners, but there must be at least one Personal Account designated as an owner of an Organization. If you are the owner of an Organization under these Terms, we consider you responsible for the actions that are performed on or through that Organization. 2. Required Information You must provide a valid email address in order to complete the signup process. Any other information requested, such as your real name, is optional, unless you are accepting these terms on behalf of a legal entity (in which case we need more information about the legal entity) or if you opt for a paid Account , in which case additional information will be necessary for billing purposes. 3. Account Requirements We have a few simple rules for Personal Accounts on GitHub's Service. You must be a human to create an Account. Accounts registered by "bots" or other automated methods are not permitted. We do permit machine accounts: A machine account is an Account set up by an individual human who accepts the Terms on behalf of the Account, provides a valid email address, and is responsible for its actions. A machine account is used exclusively for performing automated tasks. Multiple users may direct the actions of a machine account, but the owner of the Account is ultimately responsible for the machine's actions. You may maintain no more than one free machine account in addition to your free Personal Account. One person or legal entity may maintain no more than one free Account (if you choose to control a machine account as well, that's fine, but it can only be used for running a machine). You must be age 13 or older. While we are thrilled to see brilliant young coders get excited by learning to program, we must comply with United States law. GitHub does not target our Service to children under 13, and we do not permit any Users under 13 on our Service. If we learn of any User under the age of 13, we will terminate that User’s Account immediately . If you are a resident of a country outside the United States, your country’s minimum age may be older; in such a case, you are responsible for complying with your country’s laws. Your login may only be used by one person — i.e., a single login may not be shared by multiple people. A paid Organization may only provide access to as many Personal Accounts as your subscription allows. You may not use GitHub in violation of export control or sanctions laws of the United States or any other applicable jurisdiction. You may not use GitHub if you are or are working on behalf of a Specially Designated National (SDN) or a person subject to similar blocking or denied party prohibitions administered by a U.S. government agency. GitHub may allow persons in certain sanctioned countries or territories to access certain GitHub services pursuant to U.S. government authorizations. For more information, please see our Export Controls policy . 4. Account Security You are responsible for keeping your Account secure while you use our Service. We offer tools such as two-factor authentication to help you maintain your Account's security, but the content of your Account and its security are up to you. You are responsible for all content posted and activity that occurs under your Account (even when content is posted by others who have Accounts under your Account). You are responsible for maintaining the security of your Account and password. GitHub cannot and will not be liable for any loss or damage from your failure to comply with this security obligation. You will promptly notify GitHub by contacting us through the GitHub Support portal if you become aware of any unauthorized use of, or access to, our Service through your Account, including any unauthorized use of your password or Account. 5. Additional Terms In some situations, third parties' terms may apply to your use of GitHub. For example, you may be a member of an organization on GitHub with its own terms or license agreements; you may download an application that integrates with GitHub; or you may use GitHub to authenticate to another service. Please be aware that while these Terms are our full agreement with you, other parties' terms govern their relationships with you. If you are a government User or otherwise accessing or using any GitHub Service in a government capacity, this Government Amendment to GitHub Terms of Service applies to you, and you agree to its provisions. If you have signed up for GitHub Enterprise Cloud, the Enterprise Cloud Addendum applies to you, and you agree to its provisions. C. Acceptable Use Short version: GitHub hosts a wide variety of collaborative projects from all over the world, and that collaboration only works when our users are able to work together in good faith. While using the service, you must follow the terms of this section, which include some restrictions on content you can post, conduct on the service, and other limitations. In short, be excellent to each other. Your use of the Website and Service must not violate any applicable laws, including copyright or trademark laws, export control or sanctions laws, or other laws in your jurisdiction. You are responsible for making sure that your use of the Service is in compliance with laws and any applicable regulations. You agree that you will not under any circumstances violate our Acceptable Use Policies or Community Guidelines . D. User-Generated Content Short version: You own content you create, but you allow us certain rights to it, so that we can display and share the content you post. You still have control over your content, and responsibility for it, and the rights you grant us are limited to those we need to provide the service. We have the right to remove content or close Accounts if we need to. 1. Responsibility for User-Generated Content You may create or upload User-Generated Content while using the Service. You are solely responsible for the content of, and for any harm resulting from, any User-Generated Content that you post, upload, link to or otherwise make available via the Service, regardless of the form of that Content. We are not responsible for any public display or misuse of your User-Generated Content. 2. GitHub May Remove Content We have the right to refuse or remove any User-Generated Content that, in our sole discretion, violates any laws or GitHub terms or policies . User-Generated Content displayed on GitHub Mobile may be subject to mobile app stores' additional terms. 3. Ownership of Content, Right to Post, and License Grants You retain ownership of and responsibility for Your Content. If you're posting anything you did not create yourself or do not own the rights to, you agree that you are responsible for any Content you post; that you will only submit Content that you have the right to post; and that you will fully comply with any third party licenses relating to Content you post. Because you retain ownership of and responsibility for Your Content, we need you to grant us — and other GitHub Users — certain legal permissions, listed in Sections D.4 — D.7. These license grants apply to Your Content. If you upload Content that already comes with a license granting GitHub the permissions we need to run our Service, no additional license is required. You understand that you will not receive any payment for any of the rights granted in Sections D.4 — D.7. The licenses you grant to us will end when you remove Your Content from our servers, unless other Users have forked it. 4. License Grant to Us We need the legal right to do things like host Your Content, publish it, and share it. You grant us and our legal successors the right to store, archive, parse, and display Your Content, and make incidental copies, as necessary to provide the Service, including improving the Service over time. This license includes the right to do things like copy it to our database and make backups; show it to you and other users; parse it into a search index or otherwise analyze it on our servers; share it with other users; and perform it, in case Your Content is something like music or video. This license does not grant GitHub the right to sell Your Content. It also does not grant GitHub the right to otherwise distribute or use Your Content outside of our provision of the Service, except that as part of the right to archive Your Content, GitHub may permit our partners to store and archive Your Content in public repositories in connection with the GitHub Arctic Code Vault and GitHub Archive Program . 5. License Grant to Other Users Any User-Generated Content you post publicly, including issues, comments, and contributions to other Users' repositories, may be viewed by others. By setting your repositories to be viewed publicly, you agree to allow others to view and "fork" your repositories (this means that others may make their own copies of Content from your repositories in repositories they control). If you set your pages and repositories to be viewed publicly, you grant each User of GitHub a nonexclusive, worldwide license to use, display, and perform Your Content through the GitHub Service and to reproduce Your Content solely on GitHub as permitted through GitHub's functionality (for example, through forking). You may grant further rights if you adopt a license . If you are uploading Content you did not create or own, you are responsible for ensuring that the Content you upload is licensed under terms that grant these permissions to other GitHub Users. 6. Contributions Under Repository License Whenever you add Content to a repository containing notice of a license, you license that Content under the same terms, and you agree that you have the right to license that Content under those terms. If you have a separate agreement to license that Content under different terms, such as a contributor license agreement, that agreement will supersede. Isn't this just how it works already? Yep. This is widely accepted as the norm in the open-source community; it's commonly referred to by the shorthand "inbound=outbound". We're just making it explicit. 7. Moral Rights You retain all moral rights to Your Content that you upload, publish, or submit to any part of the Service, including the rights of integrity and attribution. However, you waive these rights and agree not to assert them against us, to enable us to reasonably exercise the rights granted in Section D.4, but not otherwise. To the extent this agreement is not enforceable by applicable law, you grant GitHub the rights we need to use Your Content without attribution and to make reasonable adaptations of Your Content as necessary to render the Website and provide the Service. 8. Access Reciprocity By using automated means to access, collect, or otherwise use (“Access”) any publicly accessible Content from the Service for the purpose of developing or training any commercially available artificial intelligence model, machine learning system, or similar technology (a "Commercial AI System"), you hereby waive any and all policies, terms, conditions, or contractual provisions governing products, services, websites or datasets you own or operate that would otherwise prohibit, restrict, or place conditions upon GitHub's Access to any publicly accessible data, information or content associated with your products or services, including for the purpose of developing or training any Commercial AI System. You further agree not to impose technical or other targeted measures to restrict or retaliate against such Access. This Section D.8 does not apply to Access solely for the purpose of academic research or if, on the date you Access the Content, the number of monthly active users of the products or services made available by you is less than 700 million in the preceding calendar month. For the purposes of this Section, "you" shall refer to you and any entity that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you (affiliates). E. Private Repositories Short version: We treat the content of private repositories as confidential, and we only access it as described in our Privacy Statement—for security purposes, to assist the repository owner with a support matter, to maintain the integrity of the Service, to comply with our legal obligations, if we have reason to believe the contents are in violation of the law, or with your consent. 1. Control of Private Repositories Some Accounts may have private repositories, which allow the User to control access to Content. 2. Confidentiality of Private Repositories GitHub considers the contents of private repositories to be confidential to you. GitHub will protect the contents of private repositories from unauthorized use, access, or disclosure in the same manner that we would use to protect our own confidential information of a similar nature and in no event with less than a reasonable degree of care. 3. Access GitHub personnel may only access the content of your private repositories in the situations described in our Privacy Statement . You may choose to enable additional access to your private repositories. For example: You may enable various GitHub services or features that require additional rights to Your Content in private repositories. These rights may vary depending on the service or feature, but GitHub will continue to treat your private repository Content as confidential. If those services or features require rights in addition to those we need to provide the GitHub Service, we will provide an explanation of those rights. Additionally, we may be compelled by law to disclose the contents of your private repositories. GitHub will provide notice regarding our access to private repository content, unless for legal disclosure , to comply with our legal obligations, or where otherwise bound by requirements under law, for automated scanning, or if in response to a security threat or other risk to security. F. Copyright Infringement and DMCA Policy If you believe that content on our website violates your copyright, please contact us in accordance with our Digital Millennium Copyright Act Policy . If you are a copyright owner and you believe that content on GitHub violates your rights, please contact us via our convenient DMCA form or by emailing copyright@github.com . There may be legal consequences for sending a false or frivolous takedown notice. Before sending a takedown request, you must consider legal uses such as fair use and licensed uses. We will terminate the Accounts of repeat infringers of this policy. G. Intellectual Property Notice Short version: We own the service and all of our content. In order for you to use our content, we give you certain rights to it, but you may only use our content in the way we have allowed. 1. GitHub's Rights to Content GitHub and our licensors, vendors, agents, and/or our content providers retain ownership of all intellectual property rights of any kind related to the Website and Service. We reserve all rights that are not expressly granted to you under this Agreement or by law. The look and feel of the Website and Service is copyright © GitHub, Inc. All rights reserved. You may not duplicate, copy, or reuse any portion of the HTML/CSS, JavaScript, or visual design elements or concepts without express written permission from GitHub. 2. GitHub Trademarks and Logos If you’d like to use GitHub’s trademarks, you must follow all of our trademark guidelines, including those on our logos page: https://github.com/logos . 3. License to GitHub Policies This Agreement is licensed under this Creative Commons Zero license . For details, see our site-policy repository . H. API Terms Short version: You agree to these Terms of Service, plus this Section H, when using any of GitHub's APIs (Application Provider Interface), including use of the API through a third party product that accesses GitHub. Abuse or excessively frequent requests to GitHub via the API may result in the temporary or permanent suspension of your Account's access to the API. GitHub, in our sole discretion, will determine abuse or excessive usage of the API. We will make a reasonable attempt to warn you via email prior to suspension. You may not share API tokens to exceed GitHub's rate limitations. You may not use the API to download data or Content from GitHub for spamming purposes, including for the purposes of selling GitHub users' personal information, such as to recruiters, headhunters, and job boards. All use of the GitHub API is subject to these Terms of Service and the GitHub Privacy Statement . GitHub may offer subscription-based access to our API for those Users who require high-throughput access or access that would result in resale of GitHub's Service. I. GitHub Additional Product Terms Short version: You need to follow certain specific terms and conditions for GitHub's various features and products, and you agree to the Supplemental Terms and Conditions when you agree to this Agreement. Some Service features may be subject to additional terms specific to that feature or product as set forth in the GitHub Additional Product Terms. By accessing or using the Services, you also agree to the GitHub Additional Product Terms . J. Beta Previews Short version: Beta Previews may not be supported or may change at any time. You may receive confidential information through those programs that must remain confidential while the program is private. We'd love your feedback to make our Beta Previews better. 1. Subject to Change Beta Previews may not be supported and may be changed at any time without notice. In addition, Beta Previews are not subject to the same security measures and auditing to which the Service has been and is subject. By using a Beta Preview, you use it at your own risk. 2. Confidentiality As a user of Beta Previews, you may get access to special information that isn’t available to the rest of the world. Due to the sensitive nature of this information, it’s important for us to make sure that you keep that information secret. Confidentiality Obligations. You agree that any non-public Beta Preview information we give you, such as information about a private Beta Preview, will be considered GitHub’s confidential information (collectively, “Confidential Information”), regardless of whether it is marked or identified as such. You agree to only use such Confidential Information for the express purpose of testing and evaluating the Beta Preview (the “Purpose”), and not for any other purpose. You should use the same degree of care as you would with your own confidential information, but no less than reasonable precautions to prevent any unauthorized use, disclosure, publication, or dissemination of our Confidential Information. You promise not to disclose, publish, or disseminate any Confidential Information to any third party, unless we don’t otherwise prohibit or restrict such disclosure (for example, you might be part of a GitHub-organized group discussion about a private Beta Preview feature). Exceptions. Confidential Information will not include information that is: (a) or becomes publicly available without breach of this Agreement through no act or inaction on your part (such as when a private Beta Preview becomes a public Beta Preview); (b) known to you before we disclose it to you; (c) independently developed by you without breach of any confidentiality obligation to us or any third party; or (d) disclosed with permission from GitHub. You will not violate the terms of this Agreement if you are required to disclose Confidential Information pursuant to operation of law, provided GitHub has been given reasonable advance written notice to object, unless prohibited by law. 3. Feedback We’re always trying to improve of products and services, and your feedback as a Beta Preview user will help us do that. If you choose to give us any ideas, know-how, algorithms, code contributions, suggestions, enhancement requests, recommendations or any other feedback for our products or services (collectively, “Feedback”), you acknowledge and agree that GitHub will have a royalty-free, fully paid-up, worldwide, transferable, sub-licensable, irrevocable and perpetual license to implement, use, modify, commercially exploit and/or incorporate the Feedback into our products, services, and documentation. K. Payment Short version: You are responsible for any fees associated with your use of GitHub. We are responsible for communicating those fees to you clearly and accurately, and letting you know well in advance if those prices change. 1. Pricing Our pricing and payment terms are available at github.com/pricing . If you agree to a subscription price, that will remain your price for the duration of the payment term; however, prices are subject to change at the end of a payment term. 2. Upgrades, Downgrades, and Changes We will immediately bill you when you upgrade from the free plan to any paying plan. If you change from a monthly billing plan to a yearly billing plan, GitHub will bill you for a full year at the next monthly billing date. If you upgrade to a higher level of service, we will bill you for the upgraded plan immediately. You may change your level of service at any time by choosing a plan option or going into your Billing settings . If you choose to downgrade your Account, you may lose access to Content, features, or capacity of your Account. Please see our section on Cancellation for information on getting a copy of that Content. 3. Billing Schedule; No Refunds Payment Based on Plan For monthly or yearly payment plans, the Service is billed in advance on a monthly or yearly basis respectively and is non-refundable. There will be no refunds or credits for partial months of service, downgrade refunds, or refunds for months unused with an open Account; however, the service will remain active for the length of the paid billing period. In order to treat everyone equally, no exceptions will be made. Payment Based on Usage Some Service features are billed based on your usage. A limited quantity of these Service features may be included in your plan for a limited term without additional charge. If you choose to use paid Service features beyond the quantity included in your plan, you pay for those Service features based on your actual usage in the preceding month. Monthly payment for these purchases will be charged on a periodic basis in arrears. See GitHub Additional Product Terms for Details . Invoicing For invoiced Users, User agrees to pay the fees in full, up front without deduction or setoff of any kind, in U.S. Dollars. User must pay the fees within thirty (30) days of the GitHub invoice date. Amounts payable under this Agreement are non-refundable, except as otherwise provided in this Agreement. If User fails to pay any fees on time, GitHub reserves the right, in addition to taking any other action at law or equity, to (i) charge interest on past due amounts at 1.0% per month or the highest interest rate allowed by law, whichever is less, and to charge all expenses of recovery, and (ii) terminate the applicable order form. User is solely responsible for all taxes, fees, duties and governmental assessments (except for taxes based on GitHub's net income) that are imposed or become due in connection with this Agreement. 4. Authorization By agreeing to these Terms, you are giving us permission to charge your on-file credit card, PayPal account, or other approved methods of payment for fees that you authorize for GitHub. 5. Responsibility for Payment You are responsible for all fees, including taxes, associated with your use of the Service. By using the Service, you agree to pay GitHub any charge incurred in connection with your use of the Service. If you dispute the matter, contact us through the GitHub Support portal . You are responsible for providing us with a valid means of payment for paid Accounts. Free Accounts are not required to provide payment information. L. Cancellation and Termination Short version: You may close your Account at any time. If you do, we'll treat your information responsibly. 1. Account Cancellation It is your responsibility to properly cancel your Account with GitHub. You can cancel your Account at any time by going into your Settings in the global navigation bar at the top of the screen. The Account screen provides a simple, no questions asked cancellation link. We are not able to cancel Accounts in response to an email or phone request. 2. Upon Cancellation We will retain and use your information as necessary to comply with our legal obligations, resolve disputes, and enforce our agreements, but barring legal requirements, we will delete your full profile and the Content of your repositories within 90 days of cancellation or termination (though some information may remain in encrypted backups). This information cannot be recovered once your Account is canceled. We will not delete Content that you have contributed to other Users' repositories or that other Users have forked. Upon request, we will make a reasonable effort to provide an Account owner with a copy of your lawful, non-infringing Account contents after Account cancellation, termination, or downgrade. You must make this request within 90 days of cancellation, termination, or downgrade. 3. GitHub May Terminate GitHub has the right to suspend or terminate your access to all or any part of the Website at any time, with or without cause, with or without notice, effective immediately. GitHub reserves the right to refuse service to anyone for any reason at any time. 4. Survival All provisions of this Agreement which, by their nature, should survive termination will survive termination — including, without limitation: ownership provisions, warranty disclaimers, indemnity, and limitations of liability. M. Communications with GitHub Short version: We use email and other electronic means to stay in touch with our users. 1. Electronic Communication Required For contractual purposes, you (1) consent to receive communications from us in an electronic form via the email address you have submitted or via the Service; and (2) agree that all Terms of Service, agreements, notices, disclosures, and other communications that we provide to you electronically satisfy any legal requirement that those communications would satisfy if they were on paper. This section does not affect your non-waivable rights. 2. Legal Notice to GitHub Must Be in Writing Communications made through email or GitHub Support's messaging system will not constitute legal notice to GitHub or any of its officers, employees, agents or representatives in any situation where notice to GitHub is required by contract or any law or regulation. Legal notice to GitHub must be in writing and served on GitHub's legal agent . 3. No Phone Support GitHub only offers support via email, in-Service communications, and electronic messages. We do not offer telephone support. N. Disclaimer of Warranties Short version: We provide our service as is, and we make no promises or guarantees about this service. Please read this section carefully; you should understand what to expect. GitHub provides the Website and the Service “as is” and “as available,” without warranty of any kind. Without limiting this, we expressly disclaim all warranties, whether express, implied or statutory, regarding the Website and the Service including without limitation any warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, title, security, accuracy and non-infringement. GitHub does not warrant that the Service will meet your requirements; that the Service will be uninterrupted, timely, secure, or error-free; that the information provided through the Service is accurate, reliable or correct; that any defects or errors will be corrected; that the Service will be available at any particular time or location; or that the Service is free of viruses or other harmful components. You assume full responsibility and risk of loss resulting from your downloading and/or use of files, information, content or other material obtained from the Service. O. Limitation of Liability Short version: We will not be liable for damages or losses arising from your use or inability to use the service or otherwise arising under this agreement. Please read this section carefully; it limits our obligations to you. You understand and agree that we will not be liable to you or any third party for any loss of profits, use, goodwill, or data, or for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential or exemplary damages, however arising, that result from the use, disclosure, or display of your User-Generated Content; your use or inability to use the Service; any modification, price change, suspension or discontinuance of the Service; the Service generally or the software or systems that make the Service available; unauthorized access to or alterations of your transmissions or data; statements or conduct of any third party on the Service; any other user interactions that you input or receive through your use of the Service; or any other matter relating to the Service. Our liability is limited whether or not we have been informed of the possibility of such damages, and even if a remedy set forth in this Agreement is found to have failed of its essential purpose. We will have no liability for any failure or delay due to matters beyond our reasonable control. P. Release and Indemnification Short version: You are responsible for your use of the service. If you harm someone else or get into a dispute with someone else, we will not be involved. If you have a dispute with one or more Users, you agree to release GitHub from any and all claims, demands and damages (actual and consequential) of every kind and nature, known and unknown, arising out of or in any way connected with such disputes. You agree to indemnify us, defend us, and hold us harmless from and against any and all claims, liabilities, and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, arising out of your use of the Website and the Service, including but not limited to your violation of this Agreement, provided that GitHub (1) promptly gives you written notice of the claim, demand, suit or proceeding; (2) gives you sole control of the defense and settlement of the claim, demand, suit or proceeding (provided that you may not settle any claim, demand, suit or proceeding unless the settlement unconditionally releases GitHub of all liability); and (3) provides to you all reasonable assistance, at your expense. Q. Changes to These Terms Short version: We want our users to be informed of important changes to our terms, but some changes aren't that important — we don't want to bother you every time we fix a typo. So while we may modify this agreement at any time, we will notify users of any material changes and give you time to adjust to them. We reserve the right, at our sole discretion, to amend these Terms of Service at any time and will update these Terms of Service in the event of any such amendments. We will notify our Users of material changes to this Agreement, such as price increases, at least 30 days prior to the change taking effect by posting a notice on our Website or sending email to the primary email address specified in your GitHub account. Customer's continued use of the Service after those 30 days constitutes agreement to those revisions of this Agreement. For any other modifications, your continued use of the Website constitutes agreement to our revisions of these Terms of Service. You can view all changes to these Terms in our Site Policy repository. We reserve the right at any time and from time to time to modify or discontinue, temporarily or permanently, the Website (or any part of it) with or without notice. R. Miscellaneous 1. Governing Law Except to the extent applicable law provides otherwise, this Agreement between you and GitHub and any access to or use of the Website or the Service are governed by the federal laws of the United States of America and the laws of the State of California, without regard to conflict of law provisions. You and GitHub agree to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of the courts located in the City and County of San Francisco, California. However, any claim for injunctive relief with respect to a violation of section D.8 may be brought in any jurisdiction. 2. Non-Assignability GitHub may assign or delegate these Terms of Service and/or the GitHub Privacy Statement , in whole or in part, to any person or entity at any time with or without your consent, including the license grant in Section D.4. You may not assign or delegate any rights or obligations under the Terms of Service or Privacy Statement without our prior written consent, and any unauthorized assignment and delegation by you is void. 3. Section Headings and Summaries Throughout this Agreement, each section includes titles and brief summaries of the following terms and conditions. These section titles and brief summaries are not legally binding. 4. Severability, No Waiver, and Survival If any part of this Agreement is held invalid or unenforceable, that portion of the Agreement will be construed to reflect the parties’ original intent. The remaining portions will remain in full force and effect. Any failure on the part of GitHub to enforce any provision of this Agreement will not be considered a waiver of our right to enforce such provision. Our rights under this Agreement will survive any termination of this Agreement. 5. Amendments; Complete Agreement This Agreement may only be modified by a written amendment signed by an authorized representative of GitHub, or by the posting by GitHub of a revised version in accordance with Section Q. Changes to These Terms . These Terms of Service, together with the GitHub Privacy Statement, represent the complete and exclusive statement of the agreement between you and us. This Agreement supersedes any proposal or prior agreement oral or written, and any other communications between you and GitHub relating to the subject matter of these terms including any confidentiality or nondisclosure agreements. 6. Questions Questions about the Terms of Service? Contact us through the GitHub Support portal . Help and support Help us make these docs great! All GitHub docs are open source. See something that's wrong or unclear? Submit a pull request. Make a contribution Learn how to contribute Still need help? Ask the GitHub community Contact support Legal © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Status Pricing Expert services Blog | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
https://dev.to/ankit_rattan/deploy-on-jira-14an | Deploy on Jira - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Ankit Rattan Posted on May 31, 2025 Deploy on Jira # devops # tutorial # javascript # productivity Jira, developed by Atlassian, is a popular project management and issue-tracking tool widely used by developers and teams to manage tasks, bugs, and agile workflows. For beginners, the easiest way to get started is by using Jira Cloud. Simply sign up on the Jira website, create a new project by choosing a suitable template like Scrum, Kanban, or bug tracking, and invite your team members. Jira’s interface is user-friendly, allowing you to set up boards with columns such as "To Do", "In Progress", and "Done" to track work visually. It’s beneficial for task management, where you can break down work into smaller issues, assign them to team members, and set due dates. Additionally, Jira excels in bug tracking, helping you log and prioritize software issues efficiently. If you're working with agile methodologies, Jira supports sprint planning, backlogs, epics, and real-time progress tracking. Its integration with tools like GitHub, Slack, and Confluence makes it even more powerful for team collaboration. Overall, Jira is a beginner-friendly yet robust tool that streamlines workflow, enhances productivity, and adapts well as your project or team grows. Here in the video attached, I have shown how to deploy your first app to Jira via Forge. Here is my code : Folder Structure static/hello-world/src/App.js import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react'; import { events, invoke } from '@forge/bridge'; function App() { const [data, setData] = useState(null); const handleFetchSuccess = (data) => { setData(data); if (data.length === 0) { throw new Error('No labels returned'); } }; const handleFetchError = () => { console.error('Failed to get label'); }; useEffect(() => { const fetchLabels = async () => invoke('fetchLabels'); fetchLabels().then(handleFetchSuccess).catch(handleFetchError); const subscribeForIssueChangedEvent = () => events.on('JIRA_ISSUE_CHANGED', () => { fetchLabels().then(handleFetchSuccess).catch(handleFetchError); }); const subscription = subscribeForIssueChangedEvent(); return () => { subscription.then((subscription) => subscription.unsubscribe()); }; }, []); if (!data) { return <div>Loading...</div>; } const labels = data.map((label) => <div>{label}</div>); return ( <div> <span>Hello World from ANKIT</span> <div>{labels}</div> </div> ); } export default App; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode -manifest.yml modules: jira:issuePanel: - key: hello-world-panel resource: main resolver: function: resolver viewportSize: medium title: Ankit Panel (HackQuest) icon: https://developer.atlassian.com/platform/forge/images/issue-panel-icon.svg function: - key: resolver handler: index.handler resources: - key: main path: static/hello-world/build permissions: scopes: - read:jira-work app: runtime: name: nodejs22.x memoryMB: 256 architecture: arm64 id: ari:cloud:ecosystem::app/--YOUR_APPID Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Ankit Rattan Follow Coder By Profession, Creator By Mind! Location Remote Education NIT Delhi Work JFL | Ex-Microsoft | Ex-CabEasy Joined Aug 21, 2024 More from Ankit Rattan Unlocking the "Dark Data" # ai # discuss # datascience # productivity Software Developer to AI Engineer: The Change is Real! # ai # python # discuss # productivity From Consumer to Builder: My 2025 # programming # ai # productivity # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
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