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https://dev.to/sivarampg/cowork-claude-code-for-the-rest-of-your-work-3hjp#what-this-means-for-the-future | Cowork: Claude Code for the Rest of Your Work - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Sivaram Posted on Jan 13 Cowork: Claude Code for the Rest of Your Work # ai # software # productivity # tooling Anthropic just dropped something interesting, and it's not just another AI chatbot. It's called Cowork , and it might represent where AI agents are heading next. What is Cowork? Cowork is essentially "Claude Code for the rest of your work" — a general-purpose AI agent that can work with files on your computer without requiring you to write a single line of code. Think of it this way: Claude Code was built for developers to automate coding tasks. But Anthropic noticed something interesting — developers were using it for everything else: vacation research, building slide decks, cleaning up email, cancelling subscriptions, recovering wedding photos from hard drives, monitoring plant growth, and even controlling ovens. So they stripped away the terminal interface and built Cowork — a visual, approachable version that anyone can use. How It Works The workflow is refreshingly simple: Grant folder access — You give Claude access to a specific folder on your computer Describe what you need — Tell Claude what you want in plain language Let it work — Claude makes a plan, executes steps in parallel, and keeps you updated on progress Get results — Claude reads, edits, or creates files as needed Example Use Cases Here's what you can do with Cowork: Reorganize your downloads folder — Sort and rename files intelligently Create expense reports — Turn a pile of receipt screenshots into a structured spreadsheet Draft reports — Synthesize scattered notes into a coherent first draft File organization — Clean up your desktop or organize documents by project Real-World Performance: 320 Podcast Transcripts in 15 Minutes Lenny Rachitsky put Cowork to the test with a substantial task — analyzing 320 podcast transcripts to extract key insights. Here's what happened: The Task: "Go through every Lenny's Podcast episode and pull out the 10 most important themes and lessons for product builders. Then give me the 10 most counterintuitive truths." The Setup: Lenny gave Claude access to a folder containing 320 podcast transcripts. The Result: 15 minutes later, Claude delivered: The 10 Most Important Themes from Lenny's Podcast Activation Is Everything — Slack's "2,000 messages" moment, Gamma's 30-second magic. Get users to value fast. Storytelling as a Superpower — Compelling narratives align organizations better than documents. Positioning Is Strategy, Not Marketing — April Dunford's 5-step framework that starts with competitive alternatives, not messaging. Product Discovery Before Delivery — Teresa Torres' Opportunity Solution Trees and Marty Cagan's Four Risks framework. Talk to customers weekly, not quarterly. Ruthless Prioritization — Shreyas Doshi's LNO Framework (Leverage/Neutral/Overhead) and focusing on opportunity cost over ROI. AI is Transforming Product Development — Model maximalism, evals as core PM skill, CEOs becoming ICs again. Empowered Teams vs. Feature Factories — Marty Cagan's distinction: give teams problems to solve, not features to build. Build Your Operating System — Claire Hughes Johnson's framework for founding documents, operating cadence, and decision frameworks. Pre-Mortems and Risk Anticipation — Shreyas Doshi's technique to surface failure modes before they happen. Small Teams, Outsized Impact — Jason Fried's 2-person/6-week constraints, Shopify's pair programming culture. The 10 Most Counterintuitive Truths Fear Gives Bad Advice — Do the Opposite — Whatever you're afraid to do (hard conversation, telling board bad news) is exactly what you should do. Adding Friction Can INCREASE Conversion — Adding personalization questions to signup improved Amplitude's conversion by 5%. Fewer Features = More Value — The Walkman succeeded because Sony REMOVED recording. QuickBooks wins with half the features at double the price. Adding People Makes You Slower (Absolutely) — Companies produce MORE total output after layoffs. Coordination overhead is silent killer. What Customers Say They Want Is Meaningless — 93% said they wanted energy-efficient homes. Nobody bought them. "Bitchin' ain't switchin'." Goals Are Not Strategy — They're Opposite — Richard Rumelt says confusing goals for strategy is most common strategic error. OKRs are often just wish lists. Don't A/B Test Your Big Bets — Instagram and Airbnb actively reject testing for transformational changes. You can't A/B test your way to greatness. Your Gut IS Data — Intuition is compressed experiential learning that isn't statistically significant yet. Don't discount it. By the Time You're Thinking About Quitting, It's Too Late — Stewart Butterfield killed Glitch while it was still growing 6-7% weekly. That's why he could start Slack. Most PMs Are Overpaid and Unnecessary — Marty Cagan himself says feature teams don't need PMs. Nikita Bier calls PM "not real." Lenny's verdict: "This is a substantial task - 320 podcast transcripts to analyze!" That's impressive — processing 320 transcripts and synthesizing them into actionable insights in just 15 minutes. The Mind-Blowing Part Here's the detail that's getting attention: Cowork was reportedly built in about a week and a half, and much of it was written by Claude Code itself. That's right — Anthropic's AI coding agent helped build its own non-technical sibling product. It's a recursive improvement loop happening in real-time, and it shows how AI tools can accelerate their own development. Integration with Your Existing Tools Cowork doesn't work in isolation. It integrates with: Connectors — Link Claude to tools like Asana, Notion, Canva, Linear, and more Skills — Specialized capabilities for working with Excel, presentations, or following brand guidelines Chrome extension — Complete tasks that require browser access This means Claude can pull real data from your project management tools, generate documents in your preferred formats, and maintain context across your entire workflow. Safety First Anthropic is being upfront about the risks: Controlled access — Claude can only access files you explicitly grant it access to Confirmation prompts — Claude asks before taking significant actions Clear instructions matter — Vague prompts could lead to unintended actions (like deleting files) Prompt injection risks — Like all AI agents, there are concerns about malicious content trying to hijack the agent They recommend starting with non-sensitive files while you learn how it works. Availability Right now, Cowork is available as a research preview for: Claude Max subscribers ($100-$200/month) on macOS Waitlist available for users on other plans Windows support and broader availability are coming later. What This Means for the Future Cowork represents an interesting shift in AI — moving from chatbots that just talk to you, toward agents that can actually do things for you. It's not about replacing developers or knowledge workers; it's about giving them an AI collaborator that can handle the repetitive, time-consuming tasks that get in the way of real work. The fact that Claude Code helped build Cowork shows how AI tools can compound each other's capabilities. We're seeing the beginning of AI systems that can build, improve, and extend themselves. If you're on Claude Max with a Mac, you can try Cowork today by clicking "Cowork" in the Claude Desktop sidebar. Everyone else can join the waitlist and see what the future of AI-assisted work looks like. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Sivaram Follow Full Stack Engineer. Consultant. Designing & Developing Blockchain & AI E2E Solutions. De-risking Ambiguity. OSS Location India Joined Oct 5, 2023 More from Sivaram Building Reliable RAG Systems # rag # architecture # tutorial # ai The Ralph Wiggum Approach: Running AI Coding Agents for Hours (Not Minutes) # webdev # productivity # ai # agents How the Creator of Claude Code Uses Claude Code: A Complete Breakdown # ai # webdev # programming # productivity 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/interview/page/10 | Interview Page 10 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # interview Follow Hide Create Post Older #interview posts 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . 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https://docs.github.com/en/webhooks | Webhooks documentation - GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Free, Pro, & Team Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar Webhooks Home Webhooks About webhooks Types of webhooks Webhook events & payloads Using webhooks Create webhooks Handle deliveries Validate deliveries Deliver to private systems Edit webhooks Disable webhooks Best practices Handle failed deliveries Automatically redeliver for repository Automatically redeliver for organization Automatically redeliver for GitHub App Testing and troubleshooting webhooks View deliveries Redeliver webhooks Test webhooks Troubleshoot webhooks Test with the CLI Webhooks documentation Webhooks can let your integrations take an action in response to events that occur on GitHub. Overview Reference Start here Creating webhooks You can create webhooks to subscribe to specific events that occur on GitHub. Handling webhook deliveries Learn how to write code to listen for and respond to webhook deliveries. Validating webhook deliveries You can use a webhook secret to verify that a webhook delivery is from GitHub. Popular Webhook events and payloads Learn about when each webhook event occurs and what the payload contains. Best practices for using webhooks Follow these best practices to improve security and performance when using webhooks. Troubleshooting webhooks Learn how to diagnose and resolve common errors for webhooks. Guides Handling webhook deliveries Learn how to write code to listen for and respond to webhook deliveries. @GitHub Handling failed webhook deliveries GitHub does not automatically redeliver failed webhook deliveries, but you can handle failed deliveries manually or by writing code. @GitHub Testing webhooks Learn how to test your webhooks and your code that handles webhook deliveries. @GitHub All Webhooks docs Using webhooks Creating webhooks Handling webhook deliveries Validating webhook deliveries Delivering webhooks to private systems Editing webhooks Disabling webhooks Best practices for using webhooks Handling failed webhook deliveries Automatically redelivering failed deliveries for a repository webhook Automatically redelivering failed deliveries for an organization webhook Automatically redelivering failed deliveries for a GitHub App webhook Testing and troubleshooting webhooks Viewing webhook deliveries Redelivering webhooks Testing webhooks Troubleshooting webhooks Using the GitHub CLI to forward webhooks for testing Help and support Did you find what you needed? Yes No Privacy policy Help us make these docs great! All GitHub docs are open source. See something that's wrong or unclear? Submit a pull request. Make a contribution Learn how to contribute Still need help? Ask the GitHub community Contact support Legal © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Status Pricing Expert services Blog | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://dev.to/vasughanta09/-welcome-to-react-world-grasp-the-fundamentals-and-mental-model-react-day-1-2kj4 | # Welcome to React World: Grasp the Fundamentals and Mental Model! (React Day 1) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Vasu Ghanta Posted on Jan 9 # Welcome to React World: Grasp the Fundamentals and Mental Model! (React Day 1) # javascript # react # tutorial # beginners React in Action: From Basics to Advanced Mastery (10 Days) (5 Part Series) 1 # Welcome to React World: Grasp the Fundamentals and Mental Model! (React Day 1) 2 Building with React: Dive into JSX, Components, and Props! (React Day 2) 3 Mastering React's Dynamic Side: State, Events, and Conditional Rendering! (React Day 3) 4 Power Up React: Mastering Lists, Keys, and Component Patterns! (React Day 4) 5 Advancing with React: Hooks Deep Dive! (React Day 5) Hey there, code explorers! If you've journeyed through our pre-React articles on web basics, JavaScript depths, and tooling, congrats—you're primed for the main event: React! Today, we're kicking off with the essentials. We'll unpack what React is, its origins, the headaches it fixes, and how it stands apart from old-school JavaScript or rivals like Angular and Vue. Expect simple analogies, diagrams, a starter app example, JSX demystified, misconception busts, resources, and where React fits in the 2026 landscape. Think of React as your friendly UI builder—let's make it click and get you building! What is React? A Quick Intro React is an open-source JavaScript library for building user interfaces, created by Facebook (now Meta) in 2013. It's not a full framework like Angular—it's laser-focused on the "view" layer, making it flexible to pair with other tools. At its core, React lets you create interactive, dynamic UIs efficiently. As of 2026, with versions like React 18 (and hints of 19), it powers giants like Facebook, Netflix, and Airbnb, handling everything from simple sites to complex apps. Why Was React Created? The Problems It Solves Back in the early 2010s, web apps were getting complex. Traditional JavaScript (vanilla JS) meant manually manipulating the DOM—think document.getElementById() to update elements. This led to spaghetti code: hard-to-maintain logic tangled with UI updates, especially as apps scaled with user interactions, data fetches, and state changes. React was born to solve: Inefficient Updates: Vanilla JS updates the entire DOM on changes, slowing performance. State Management Chaos: Tracking app state (like user inputs or API data) across pages was error-prone. Reusability Issues: Copy-pasting code for similar UI parts wasted time and bred bugs. React introduces a smarter way: It uses a virtual DOM to compute minimal changes, making apps faster and code cleaner. How React Differs from Traditional JS and Other Frameworks Vs. Traditional JavaScript: Vanilla JS is imperative—you tell the browser how to update (e.g., "find this element, change its text"). React is declarative: You describe what the UI should look like based on state, and React handles the how . No more manual DOM tweaks! Vs. Angular: Angular is a full framework with built-in everything (routing, forms, HTTP). React is lighter, just UI-focused—pair it with Redux or React Router for extras. Angular uses two-way binding; React's one-way data flow is predictable but requires more setup. Vs. Vue: Vue is similar—component-based and reactive—but smaller and more flexible for progressive adoption. React's ecosystem is massive, with better enterprise support, while Vue shines in simplicity for smaller projects. Both use virtual DOMs, but React's JSX feels more like JS. In short, React strikes a balance: Powerful yet unopinionated, ideal for teams wanting control. Component-Based Architecture: Building with Lego Bricks React's magic is in components—reusable, self-contained pieces of UI. Think of your app as a Lego set: Each brick (component) is a button, header, or form. Snap them together to build complex structures. Analogy: A house (app) made of rooms (components). The kitchen (Navbar component) can be reused in multiple houses without rebuilding. This promotes reusability, modularity, and easier testing. Components receive data via "props" (like function args) and manage internal "state." Here's a visual of a React component tree, showing how components nest: And another example for clarity: In code, a simple component: function Greeting ( props ) { return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } ! </ h1 >; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Declarative UI: Tell React What, Not How Declarative means describing the end result, not the steps. In React, your code says: "If state is X, show Y." React figures out the DOM updates. Analogy: Ordering at a restaurant (declarative: "I want a burger"). Vs. imperative: "Get bun, add patty, grill for 5 mins..." React is the chef handling details. This makes code intuitive and less buggy—focus on logic, not mutations. The React Mental Model: Thinking in Components and Reconciliation React's mindset: UI = f(state). Change state? React re-renders efficiently via the virtual DOM—a lightweight copy of the real DOM. Steps: State changes. React builds a new virtual DOM. Compares (diffs) with old one. Applies minimal patches to real DOM. Analogy: Editing a document. Instead of rewriting the whole thing (vanilla JS), React spots changes (like a diff tool) and updates only those paragraphs. This "reconciliation" keeps apps snappy. Visualize the virtual DOM process: And a detailed flow: A Basic React App Example Let's build a counter app. Assuming Vite setup (from Day 3), your App.jsx : import { useState } from ' react ' ; function App () { const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ); return ( < div > < h1 > Count: { count } </ h1 > < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Increment </ button > </ div > ); } export default App ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Run with npm run dev . Click? State updates, UI refreshes magically! JSX: HTML-Meets-JS Superpower JSX is React's syntax extension—write HTML-like code in JS. It's not HTML; it transpiles to JS calls like React.createElement('h1', null, 'Hello') . Why? Blends structure and logic seamlessly. Example: <div>Hello {name}</div> embeds JS expressions. Common Misconception: JSX is HTML. Nope—it's syntactic sugar for function calls. Common Beginner Misconceptions React is a Framework: It's a library—add what you need. Everything Re-Renders Always: React optimizes with keys and memos; only changed parts update. State is Global: It's local to components unless shared (e.g., via Context). JSX Means No Separation of Concerns: Actually, it's separation by component, not file type. Fix: Practice small apps, use React DevTools to inspect. External Resources for Deeper Dives Official React Docs: https://react.dev/learn freeCodeCamp React Tutorial: https://www.freecodecamp.org/learn/front-end-libraries/react/ React Hooks Intro: https://react.dev/reference/react/useState (start here post-basics) Modern React Positioning in 2026 As of 2026, React dominates with 40%+ market share. React 18 brought concurrent rendering for smoother UIs, and server components (in experimental) blur client-server lines for faster loads. It's evolving with AI integrations and better mobile support via React Native. In a world of Svelte and SolidJS challengers, React's ecosystem and community keep it king—versatile for web, mobile, and beyond. Wrapping Up: Your React Journey Begins You've got the React blueprint! Components as bricks, declarative as orders, virtual DOM as smart diffs—now experiment with that counter app. What's your first React idea? Stay curious; Day 2 dives into components and state. Happy reacting! 🚀 React in Action: From Basics to Advanced Mastery (10 Days) (5 Part Series) 1 # Welcome to React World: Grasp the Fundamentals and Mental Model! (React Day 1) 2 Building with React: Dive into JSX, Components, and Props! (React Day 2) 3 Mastering React's Dynamic Side: State, Events, and Conditional Rendering! (React Day 3) 4 Power Up React: Mastering Lists, Keys, and Component Patterns! (React Day 4) 5 Advancing with React: Hooks Deep Dive! (React Day 5) Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Vasu Ghanta Follow Full-Stack & React Native Developer Building scalable apps with React Native, Node.js & AWS | DevOps & Cloud enthusiast | Writing about React, DevOps & system design Location Hyderbad,India Education B.E. in Computer Science Pronouns He/Him Work Associate Software Engineer building full-stack & cloud-native applications Joined Jan 6, 2026 More from Vasu Ghanta Advancing with React: Hooks Deep Dive! (React Day 5) # react # webdev # programming # javascript Power Up React: Mastering Lists, Keys, and Component Patterns! (React Day 4) # javascript # react # tutorial Mastering React's Dynamic Side: State, Events, and Conditional Rendering! (React Day 3) # react # babel # javascript # webdev 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/tahael/nvme-vs-sata-vps-real-world-performance-explained-50j9#comments | NVMe vs SATA VPS: Real-World Performance Explained - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Taha Posted on Dec 30, 2025 NVMe vs SATA VPS: Real-World Performance Explained # cloudcomputing # devops # performance When choosing a VPS, many providers advertise NVMe storage as a major performance advantage. But what does that really mean in practice? And does NVMe always deliver the performance people expect? In this article, I’ll explain the real-world difference between NVMe and SATA , how VPS providers implement storage, and what you should actually look for when evaluating performance. What Is NVMe and Why Is It Faster? NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) is a modern storage protocol designed specifically for SSDs. Unlike SATA, which was originally built for HDDs, NVMe communicates directly over PCIe lanes. Theoretical Comparison Feature SATA SSD NVMe SSD Interface SATA III PCIe Max Speed ~550 MB/s 3,000–7,000 MB/s Latency Higher Extremely low IOPS Limited Very high On paper, NVMe is many times faster than SATA. But here’s the important part 👇 Why NVMe VPS Performance Often Doesn’t Match Expectations In VPS environments, storage performance depends on more than just the disk type. Key Factors: Storage controller limits Hypervisor configuration I/O throttling Shared node resource allocation Queue depth limits Many providers use NVMe hardware but cap throughput at the virtualization layer to ensure node stability. That means: You may be on NVMe hardware but still experience SATA-like speeds. This is common in budget or shared VPS infrastructures. How to Verify Real Disk Performance If you’re running Linux, you can test real disk speed using: fio --name = test --size = 1G --rw = readwrite --bs = 1M --numjobs = 1 --iodepth = 1 --runtime = 30 --time_based --direct = 1 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Typical Results SATA-like performance: ~400–550 MB/s True NVMe performance: 1,500+ MB/s If your VPS claims NVMe but stays below ~600 MB/s, it’s likely limited at the hypervisor level. What Actually Matters More Than Raw Speed In real-world hosting usage, these factors often matter more than raw MB/s: CPU steal time I/O consistency Disk latency Network throughput Node load A well-optimized NVMe VPS with fair resource allocation will outperform an oversold “high-speed” plan every time. Choosing the Right VPS Provider When evaluating VPS providers, don’t just look at “NVMe” in marketing pages. Look for: Transparent performance limits Real benchmarks Clear CPU and I/O policies Consistent uptime Honest specifications Some providers, such as HostedFly publicly document their infrastructure and focus on real-world performance rather than marketing labels. Final Thoughts NVMe is a powerful technology — but only when implemented correctly. If you care about performance: Test before trusting claims Look for consistency, not peak numbers Avoid providers that hide technical limits Understanding what’s under the hood will save you both money and frustration. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Taha Follow Investigative journalist writer Location Türkiye Joined Jan 25, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot Tech Stack Lessons from scaling 20x in a year # webdev # docker # devops # startup How I Built an AI Terraform Review Agent on Serverless AWS # aws # terraform # serverless # devops I Replaced Redis with PostgreSQL (And It's Faster) # postgres # redis # database # performance 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://docs.github.com/en/discussions | GitHub Discussions documentation - GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Free, Pro, & Team Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar GitHub Discussions Home GitHub Discussions Quickstart Guides Best practices for community conversations Find discussions Grant higher permissions Collaborating using discussions About discussions Participate in discussion Collaborating with maintainers Managing discussions Manage discussions Manage categories Moderating discussions View discussions insights Create discussion category forms Syntax for discussion category forms GitHub Discussions documentation GitHub Discussions is a collaborative communication forum for the community around an open source or internal project. Community members can ask and answer questions, share updates, have open-ended conversations, and follow along on decisions affecting the community's way of working. Quickstart Start here View all About discussions Use discussions to ask and answer questions, share information, make announcements, and conduct or participate in a conversation about a project. Participating in a discussion You can converse with the community and maintainers in a forum within the repository for a project on GitHub. Moderating discussions You can promote healthy collaboration by marking comments as answers, locking or unlocking discussions, converting issues to discussions, and editing or deleting comments, discussions, and categories that don't align with your community's code of conduct. Popular Granting higher permissions to top contributors Repository administrators can promote any community member to a moderator and maintainer. Best practices for community conversations on GitHub You can use discussions to brainstorm with your team, and eventually move the conversation to an issue when you are ready to scope out the work. Finding your discussions You can easily access every discussion you've created or participated in. Collaborating with maintainers using discussions You can contribute to the goals, plans, health, and community for a project on GitHub by communicating with the maintainers of the project in a discussion. Communities on GitHub.com using discussions vercel/next.js The React Framework gatsbyjs/gatsby Build blazing fast, modern apps and websites with React nodejs/node Node.js JavaScript runtime ✨🐢🚀✨ tailwindlabs/tailwindcss A utility-first CSS framework for rapid UI development. laravel/framework Laravel is a web application framework with expressive, elegant syntax. prisma/prisma Modern database access (ORM alternative) for Node.js & TypeScript | PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB & SQLite dotnet/csharplang The official repo for the design of the C# programming language home-assistant/frontend 🍭 Frontend for Home Assistant jspsych/jsPsych A JavaScript library for creating and running behavioral experiments in a web browser adonisjs/core 🚀 The Node.js Framework highly focused on developer ergonomics, stability and confidence ImageMagick/ImageMagick 🧙♂️ ImageMagick 7 react-hook-form/react-hook-form 📋 React Hooks for forms validation (Web + React Native) Guides About discussions Use discussions to ask and answer questions, share information, make announcements, and conduct or participate in a conversation about a project. @GitHub Participating in a discussion You can converse with the community and maintainers in a forum within the repository for a project on GitHub. @GitHub Moderating discussions You can promote healthy collaboration by marking comments as answers, locking or unlocking discussions, converting issues to discussions, and editing or deleting comments, discussions, and categories that don't align with your community's code of conduct. @GitHub Explore guides All GitHub Discussions docs Discussions guides Best practices for community conversations on GitHub Finding your discussions Granting higher permissions to top contributors Collaborating with your community using discussions About discussions Participating in a discussion Collaborating with maintainers using discussions Managing discussions for your community Managing discussions Managing categories for discussions Moderating discussions Viewing insights for your discussions Creating discussion category forms Syntax for discussion category forms Help and support Did you find what you needed? Yes No Privacy policy Help us make these docs great! All GitHub docs are open source. See something that's wrong or unclear? Submit a pull request. Make a contribution Learn how to contribute Still need help? Provide GitHub Feedback Contact support Legal © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Status Pricing Expert services Blog | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://dev.to/ar_abid_641aa302d5c68b2ae/why-your-e-commerce-filters-feel-slow-even-when-your-site-is-fast-4a57#rendering-is-often-the-real-bottleneck | Why Your E Commerce Filters Feel Slow Even When Your Site Is Fast - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse ar abid Posted on Jan 13 Why Your E Commerce Filters Feel Slow Even When Your Site Is Fast # webdev # frontend # ecommerce # ux Many e commerce sites load quickly. Product pages appear almost instantly. Images are optimized. Performance scores look healthy. Yet the moment users start filtering products, everything feels slow. This is one of the most common performance complaints in modern e commerce, and it is also one of the most misunderstood. Filters Are an Interaction Problem Not a Loading Problem Filtering is not a page load. It is an interaction loop. Users expect filters to feel instant because they are exploratory actions. When filters lag, users lose momentum and patience. Even a short delay after clicking a filter checkbox can feel broken. What Users Expect From Filters From a user point of view filtering should behave like this. Click a filter See results change immediately Continue browsing Users do not expect a full reload. They do not expect spinners. They do not expect hesitation. When filters feel slow, users often stop using them entirely or leave the site. What Actually Happens When Filters Are Applied Behind the scenes filtering often triggers heavy work. Query parameters change API requests are sent Large result sets are processed State updates trigger re renders Analytics events fire Many systems treat filtering as a mini page load instead of a lightweight interaction. This creates unnecessary delays. Why Fast Pages Still Have Slow Filters A site can load fast and still have slow filters because filters stress different parts of the stack. They stress JavaScript execution They stress rendering performance They stress network latency They stress state management None of this is reflected clearly in traditional page speed metrics. The Hidden Cost of Over Fetching Many filtering systems request full product lists every time a filter changes. This means: Large payloads Repeated network requests Unnecessary parsing work The UI waits while data it does not fully need is processed. Rendering Is Often the Real Bottleneck Even when API responses are fast, rendering filtered results can be slow. Large product grids Complex card components Images reflowing layouts Every filter change can trigger dozens or hundreds of component updates. This makes the interface feel sluggish even on fast connections. Why Debouncing Alone Does Not Fix It Debouncing filter requests helps reduce network traffic but does not solve perceived slowness. Users still experience a pause between action and feedback. Debouncing improves efficiency but not responsiveness. What High Performance Filtering Feels Like High performing e commerce filters follow one key principle. The interface responds first. Data catches up second. Users should always see immediate visual feedback that their action was registered. Immediate Feedback Matters More Than Accuracy Good filtering systems show feedback instantly. Checkbox states update immediately Active filters appear instantly Skeleton loaders or placeholders appear Even if the data update takes time, the user feels in control. Progressive Results Improve Perception Instead of waiting for all results to load, progressive rendering helps. Show partial results quickly Update the grid incrementally Avoid blank states Progress builds trust and keeps users engaged. Caching Makes Filters Feel Instant Many filter combinations repeat across users. Caching filtered results at the edge or application layer allows: Instant responses Reduced backend load Smoother interactions Smart caching turns filters into a near instant experience. A Real World Example On a production e commerce platform, shopperdot , users frequently applied multiple filters while browsing categories. Page load speed was not an issue. The problem appeared during rapid filter changes where the UI hesitated between actions. By prioritizing immediate UI feedback, caching common filter responses, and reducing unnecessary re renders, the filtering experience felt dramatically faster without changing the backend infrastructure. Why Mobile Users Feel This More Filtering issues are amplified on mobile. Slower CPUs Less memory More layout recalculations A filter delay that feels acceptable on desktop can feel frustrating on mobile. This makes filter performance a critical mobile conversion factor. Measuring Filter Performance Correctly Instead of measuring request time alone, measure: Time from filter click to UI feedback Time until first visible result update Dropped interactions during filtering These metrics reveal friction that traditional tools miss. Common Mistakes to Avoid Treating filters like full page loads Blocking UI updates until data arrives Re rendering entire grids unnecessarily Ignoring mobile performance constraints Each of these increases perceived slowness. Filters Are a Discovery Tool Not a Transaction Filtering is exploratory. Users are browsing, comparing, and narrowing options. Any friction here disrupts discovery and reduces engagement. Fast filters encourage exploration. Slow filters discourage it. Final Thoughts If users say your site feels slow, watch them use filters. Chances are the problem is not loading speed but interaction design. Fixing filters often delivers bigger UX gains than optimizing the homepage again. Because in modern e commerce, discovery speed matters as much as page speed. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse ar abid Follow Joined Dec 4, 2025 More from ar abid The Buy Button Is the Slowest Part of Most E Commerce Sites # webdev # performance # frontend # ecommerce The Buy Button Is the Slowest Part of Most E Commerce Sites # webdev # performance # frontend # ecommerce Why Your E-commerce Site Is Slow (And How Developers Can Fix It) # webperf # frontend # developers # ecommerce 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://docs.github.com/en/issues | GitHub Issues documentation - GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Free, Pro, & Team Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar GitHub Issues Home GitHub Issues Issues Learning about issues About issues Quickstart for GitHub Issues Planning and tracking work for your team or project Using issues Create an issue Adding sub-issues Creating issue dependencies Assign issues & PRs Editing an issue View all issues & PRs Browsing sub-issues Filter and search Create branch for issue Link PR to issue About slash commands Managing issue types Administering issues Triage an issue Pin an issue Marking issues or pull requests as a duplicate Transfer an issue Close an issue Deleting an issue Duplicate an issue Projects Learning about Projects About Projects Quickstart for Projects Best practices for Projects Creating projects Creating a project Copying a project Managing items in your project Adding items Converting draft issues Editing items Archiving items Understanding fields About text and number fields About date fields About single select fields About iteration fields About sub-issue fields About pull request fields About the issue type field Renaming custom fields Deleting custom fields Customizing views Changing the layout Customizing tables Customizing boards Customizing roadmaps Filtering projects Managing your views Automating projects Using built-in automations Automating with the API Automating with Actions Adding items automatically Archiving items automatically Viewing insights About insights for Projects Creating charts Configuring charts Managing your project Managing project visibility Managing project access Managing templates Closing and deleting projects Adding a project to a repo Adding a project to a team Exporting your project data Finding your projects Sharing project updates Labels and milestones Managing labels About milestones Create & edit milestones Add to milestones Filter by milestone View progress to milestone Guides GitHub Issues documentation Learn how you can use GitHub Issues to plan and track your work. Overview Quickstart View video transcript Start here View all Creating an issue Issues can be created in a variety of ways, so you can choose the most convenient method for your workflow. Quickstart for Projects Experience the speed, flexibility, and customization of Projects by creating a project in this interactive guide. Best practices for Projects Learn tips for managing your projects. Configuring issue templates for your repository You can customize the templates that are available for contributors to use when they open new issues in your repository. Popular About issues Learn how you can use GitHub Issues to track ideas, feedback, tasks, or bugs. About Projects Projects is an adaptable, flexible tool for planning and tracking work on GitHub. Creating a project Learn how to create an organization or user project. About issue and pull request templates With issue and pull request templates, you can customize and standardize the information you'd like contributors to include when they open issues and pull requests in your repository. Guides Changing the layout of a view You can view your project as a high-density table, as a kanban board, or as a timeline-style roadmap. @GitHub Linking a pull request to an issue You can link a pull request or branch to an issue to show that a fix is in progress and to automatically close the issue when the pull request or branch is merged. @GitHub Automating Projects using Actions You can use GitHub Actions to automate your projects. @GitHub Explore guides All GitHub Issues docs Tracking your work with issues Learning about issues • 3 articles Using issues • 12 articles Administering issues • 7 articles Planning and tracking with Projects Learning about Projects • 3 articles Creating projects • 2 articles Managing items in your project • 4 articles Understanding fields • 9 articles Customizing views in your project • 6 articles Automating your project • 5 articles Viewing insights from your project • 3 articles Managing your project • 7 articles Finding your projects Sharing project updates Using labels and milestones to track work Managing labels About milestones Creating and editing milestones for issues and pull requests Associating milestones with issues and pull requests Filtering issues and pull requests by milestone Viewing your milestone's progress Help and support Did you find what you needed? Yes No Privacy policy Help us make these docs great! All GitHub docs are open source. See something that's wrong or unclear? Submit a pull request. Make a contribution Learn how to contribute Still need help? Ask the GitHub community Contact support Legal © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Status Pricing Expert services Blog | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://dev.to/techdogs_inc/tech-spotlight-daily-tech-news-2ghl | Tech Spotlight: Daily Tech News - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse TechDogs for TechDogs Posted on Aug 6, 2024 • Originally published at reuters.com Tech Spotlight: Daily Tech News # ai # chatgpt # openai # news Elon Musk revived a lawsuit against OpenAI and CEO Sam Altman, accusing them of prioritizing profits over public good. Musk co-founded OpenAI but left in 2018. Intel is receiving the second of ASML's €350 million "High NA" EUV tools, following the first delivered in December, crucial for next-gen chip production. Semiconductor startup Groq raised $640 million in a Series D round led by Cisco, Samsung Catalyst, and BlackRock, reaching a $2.8 billion valuation. Groq specializes in AI inference chips. Five U.S. state Secretaries of State urged Elon Musk on Monday to address misinformation spread by X's AI chatbot related to the upcoming November 5 election. Ola Electric's $734 million IPO, India's largest this year and backed by SoftBank, was fully subscribed on its second day, despite global market sell-offs. For More News click here ( https://www.techdogs.com/resource/tech-news ) Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . 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More from TechDogs What if your next teammate never forgets a task or asks for a coffee break? # chatgpt # chatgptagent # agentmode # nextgenai Which mobile chipset powers smarter experiences—Snapdragon or MediaTek? # mediatekvssnapdragon # aichipset # ai # techinnovation Is your AI smart enough to think beyond keywords? # aiinbusiness # techinnovation # ai 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://docs.github.com/en/copilot | GitHub Copilot documentation - GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Free, Pro, & Team Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar GitHub Copilot Home GitHub Copilot Get started Quickstart What is GitHub Copilot? Plans Features Best practices Choose enterprise plan Achieve company goals Concepts Completions Code suggestions Text completion Code referencing Chat Agents Coding agent About coding agent Agent management Custom agents Access management MCP and coding agent Code review Copilot CLI OpenAI Codex Agent Skills Enterprise management Spark Prompting Prompt engineering Response customization Context MCP Spaces Repository indexing Content exclusion Tools AI tools About Copilot integrations Auto model selection Rate limits Billing Copilot requests Individual plans Billing for individuals Organizations and enterprises Copilot-only enterprises Policies MCP management Network settings Copilot usage metrics How-tos Set up Set up for self Set up for organization Set up for enterprise Set up a dedicated enterprise Install Copilot extension Install Copilot CLI Get code suggestions Get IDE code suggestions Write PR descriptions Find matching code Chat with Copilot Get started with Chat Chat in IDE Chat in Windows Terminal Chat in GitHub Chat in Mobile Use Copilot agents Manage agents Coding agent Create a PR Update existing PR Track Copilot sessions Review Copilot PRs Create custom agents Test custom agents Extend coding agent with MCP Integrate coding agent with Slack Integrate coding agent with Teams Integrate coding agent with Linear Changing the AI model Customize the agent environment Customize the agent firewall Troubleshoot coding agent Request a code review Use code review Configure automatic review Manage tools Use Copilot CLI Use AI models Configure access to AI models Change the chat model Change the completion model Provide context Use Copilot Spaces Create Copilot Spaces Use Copilot Spaces Collaborate with others Use MCP Extend Copilot Chat with MCP Set up the GitHub MCP Server Enterprise configuration Configure toolsets Use the GitHub MCP Server Change MCP registry Configure custom instructions Add personal instructions Add repository instructions Add organization instructions Configure content exclusion Exclude content from Copilot Review changes Use Copilot for common tasks Use Copilot to create or update issues Create a PR summary Use Copilot in the CLI Configure personal settings Configure network settings Configure in IDE Authenticate to GHE.com Manage and track spending Monitor premium requests Manage request allowances Manage company spending Manage your account Get started with a Copilot plan Get free access to Copilot Pro View and change your Copilot plan Disable Copilot Free Manage policies Administer Copilot Manage for organization Manage plan Subscribe Cancel Manage access Grant access Manage requests for access Revoke access Manage network access Manage policies Add Copilot coding agent Prepare for custom agents Review activity Review user activity data Review audit logs Use your own API keys Manage for enterprise Manage plan Subscribe Cancel plan Upgrade plan Downgrade subscription Manage access Grant access Disable for 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https://openfeature.dev/specification | Introduction | OpenFeature Skip to main content Check out our KubeCon NA '25 recap, and our new training course! Docs Specification Ecosystem Community Support & Training Tutorials Blog Search Introduction Glossary Types and Data Structures Sections Flag Evaluation API Provider Evaluation Context Hooks Events Tracking Appendix A: Included Utilities Appendix B: Gherkin Suites Appendix C: OpenFeature Remote Evaluation Protocol Appendix D: Observability Introduction On this page OpenFeature Specification Contents Glossary Types Evaluation API Providers Evaluation Context Hooks Events Tracking Appendix A: Included Utilities Appendix B: Gherkin Suites Appendix C: OFREP Appendix D: Observability Conformance Normative Sections The following parts of this document are normative: Statements under markdown H5 headings, appearing in markdown block quotes, and containing an uppercase keyword from RFC 2119. This conformance clause. Conformance Requirements and Test Assertions Each normative section defines a single requirement. By enumerating these normative sections, a list of test assertions can be derived. Compliance An implementation is not compliant if it fails to satisfy one or more of the "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", or "SHALL NOT" requirements defined in the normative sections of the specification. Conversely, an implementation of the specification is compliant if it satisfies all the "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", and "SHALL NOT" requirements defined in the normative sections of the specification. Document Statuses Sections and subsections within the specification are marked with statuses indicating their stability level. Functionality described in the specification graduates through these statuses with increasing stability. Stability levels apply only to normative sections within the specification; editorial changes to examples and explanations are exempt from these constraints. It is the responsibility of the Technical Steering Committee to consider and approve the graduation of documents. Possible statuses are described below: Experimental Specification sections that are marked as Experimental contain functionality under active development. Breaking changes are allowed and may be made without deprecation notices or warnings with minor version updates. We recommend you use these features in experimental environments and not in production. Put simply: We're testing these features out. Things could change anytime. Hardening Sections marked as Hardening describe functionality with an emphasis on stabilizing existing requirements. Breaking changes require consensus by the Technical Steering Committee but may still be made with minor version updates. These features are suitable for use in production environments. Feedback is encouraged. Put simply: We believe these features are ready for production use, and hope for feedback. Stable Sections marked as Stable do not allow breaking changes without a major version update. They can be used in production with a high degree of confidence. Put simply: These features are stable and battle-hardened. Note No explicit status = Experimental Edit this page Next Glossary Contents Conformance Normative Sections Conformance Requirements and Test Assertions Compliance Document Statuses Experimental Hardening Stable Sections Docs Specification Community Tutorials Community BlueSky Twitter LinkedIn Join us on Slack YouTube More GitHub Trademarks © 2026 OpenFeature is a Cloud Native Computing Foundation incubating project | Documentation Distributed under CC BY 4.0 | All Rights Reserved | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # bunjs Follow Hide Create Post Older #bunjs posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Building a TypeScript Library in 2025 Arshad Yaseen Arshad Yaseen Arshad Yaseen Follow Jul 23 '25 Building a TypeScript Library in 2025 # typescript # bunjs # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read Introducing ilamy Calendar: A Modern React Calendar Built for Developers kcsujeet kcsujeet kcsujeet Follow Jul 21 '25 Introducing ilamy Calendar: A Modern React Calendar Built for Developers # react # opensource # calendar # bunjs 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Kesalahan saya saat membuat route di HONO Mashofa Mashofa Mashofa Follow Jul 19 '25 Kesalahan saya saat membuat route di HONO # hono # bunjs # javascript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Ergonomic Code with Elysia #1: A very quick start Au Quoc Hoa Au Quoc Hoa Au Quoc Hoa Follow Jul 14 '25 Ergonomic Code with Elysia #1: A very quick start # elysiajs # bunjs # webdev # typescript Comments Add Comment 6 min read Building Full-Stack Apps with Bun, React, and Hono: A Modern Approach Sai Madhan Sai Madhan Sai Madhan Follow Jul 11 '25 Building Full-Stack Apps with Bun, React, and Hono: A Modern Approach # fullstack # bunjs # react # hono 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 4 min read Verb :: Fast Everything Server Wess Cope Wess Cope Wess Cope Follow Jul 9 '25 Verb :: Fast Everything Server # webdev # bunjs # javascript # typescript 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read ⚔️ Node.js vs Bun vs Deno: Who Rules the Server in 2025? 🚀 Hamza Khan Hamza Khan Hamza Khan Follow Jul 7 '25 ⚔️ Node.js vs Bun vs Deno: Who Rules the Server in 2025? 🚀 # node # bunjs # deno # webdev 5 reactions Comments 5 comments 2 min read Fully customizable bun server for Astro Vlad Vlad Vlad Follow Jun 29 '25 Fully customizable bun server for Astro # astro # bunjs # ssr # webdev 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Introducing Zenoscript Wess Cope Wess Cope Wess Cope Follow Jun 27 '25 Introducing Zenoscript # typescript # functional # javascript # bunjs 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read Still using npm for everything? Time to level up your JavaScript game 🚀 Kiran Kiran Kiran Follow Jun 24 '25 Still using npm for everything? Time to level up your JavaScript game 🚀 # webdev # javascript # npm # bunjs 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Monorepo with Bun Vincenzo Vincenzo Vincenzo Follow Jun 22 '25 Monorepo with Bun # webdev # bunjs # monorepo # typescript 3 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read Rove : Straight up PostgreSQL migration. Wess Cope Wess Cope Wess Cope Follow May 16 '25 Rove : Straight up PostgreSQL migration. # postgres # sql # devtools # bunjs 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Deno vs Bun vs Node.js: The Ultimate Runtime Showdown bilel salem bilel salem bilel salem Follow Jun 8 '25 Deno vs Bun vs Node.js: The Ultimate Runtime Showdown # node # deno # bunjs # programming 6 reactions Comments 3 comments 4 min read Verb: A Fast, Zero-Dependency HTTP Framework for Bun Wess Cope Wess Cope Wess Cope Follow Jun 3 '25 Verb: A Fast, Zero-Dependency HTTP Framework for Bun # typescript # bunjs # javascript # webdev 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 4 min read Ultimate Logging Guide for Node.js, Bun, and Next.js SSR in 2025 Rishi Kumar Rishi Kumar Rishi Kumar Follow Apr 22 '25 Ultimate Logging Guide for Node.js, Bun, and Next.js SSR in 2025 # node # nextjs # bunjs # opensource 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Introducing bunmark ⚡ the fastest way to benchmark your API. Freilyn Bernabe Freilyn Bernabe Freilyn Bernabe Follow Apr 8 '25 Introducing bunmark ⚡ the fastest way to benchmark your API. # api # performance # benchmarking # bunjs 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Using Bun Compile/Build to embed an Express / Vite / Vue Application into a Binary Calum Knott Calum Knott Calum Knott Follow May 12 '25 Using Bun Compile/Build to embed an Express / Vite / Vue Application into a Binary # bunjs # webdev # vite # vue Comments Add Comment 2 min read Installing Bun on WSL2 with Homebrew 0xkoji 0xkoji 0xkoji Follow May 10 '25 Installing Bun on WSL2 with Homebrew # wsl # bunjs # ubuntu 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🚀 Switching from Node + Express to Hono + Bun and I’m not looking back. Arkajit Roy Arkajit Roy Arkajit Roy Follow May 2 '25 🚀 Switching from Node + Express to Hono + Bun and I’m not looking back. # webdev # javascript # bunjs # node 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read Setting up an application with Nue.js Javier Hernandez Javier Hernandez Javier Hernandez Follow for Diploi Apr 25 '25 Setting up an application with Nue.js # webdev # learning # nue # bunjs 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read JavaScript Lambda Functions Using a Bun Custom Runtime Jason Butz Jason Butz Jason Butz Follow for AWS Community Builders Apr 23 '25 JavaScript Lambda Functions Using a Bun Custom Runtime # aws # javascript # serverless # bunjs 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read What is Bun? The Node.js Alternative Explained Maksim Klimenko Maksim Klimenko Maksim Klimenko Follow May 28 '25 What is Bun? The Node.js Alternative Explained # bunjs # node # javascript # webdev 1 reaction Comments 3 comments 4 min read Compile standalone NextApp using bun Cristian Torres Cristian Torres Cristian Torres Follow Apr 14 '25 Compile standalone NextApp using bun # nextjs # bunjs 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Ultimate Guide to Setting Up Bun Workspaces with Docker Dmitry Bikishov Dmitry Bikishov Dmitry Bikishov Follow Apr 11 '25 Ultimate Guide to Setting Up Bun Workspaces with Docker # bunjs # typescript # worksapce # devops 10 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read How Bun can help to revive a Gridsome project Fyodor Fyodor Fyodor Follow Mar 11 '25 How Bun can help to revive a Gridsome project # gridsome # bunjs # netlify # webdev 2 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/thecoollearner/insertion-sort-in-javascript-15nm | Insertion Sort in JavaScript - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Alok Kumar Posted on Dec 9, 2025 Insertion Sort in JavaScript # algorithms # interview # javascript # tutorial DSA for JavaScript Developers (3 Part Series) 1 Selection Sort in JavaScript — A Clean, Simple Guide 2 Bubble Sort in JavaScript — Step-by-Step Guide 3 Insertion Sort in JavaScript Insertion Sort is an intuitive, stable, in-place sorting algorithm that builds the final sorted array one item at a time. It’s efficient on small or nearly-sorted arrays and is a common interview staple. This post shows the canonical shift implementation, the descending version, a detailed dry run, and complexity notes. What Insertion Sort does (plain English) Treat the left portion of the array as sorted (initially the first element). Take the next element (the key ) and insert it into the correct position within the sorted portion by shifting larger elements to the right. Repeat until the entire array is sorted. Think of sorting playing cards in your hand: take the next card and slide it into the right spot. Canonical (shift-based) Insertion Sort — JavaScript const insertion = ( arr ) => { for ( let i = 1 ; i < arr . length ; i ++ ) { let key = arr [ i ]; let j = i - 1 ; // shift elements of arr[0..i-1] that are greater than key while ( j >= 0 && arr [ j ] > key ) { arr [ j + 1 ] = arr [ j ]; j -- ; } // place key after the element just smaller than it arr [ j + 1 ] = key ; } return arr ; }; console . log ( insertion ([ 12 , 45 , 2 , 1 , 54 , 3 ])); // => [1, 2, 3, 12, 45, 54] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step-by-step Dry Run Array: [ 12 , 45 , 2 , 1 , 54 , 3 ] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode i = 1 (key = 45) j = 0 → arr[0] (12) > 45 ? No → insert 45 at index 1 Array: [12, 45, 2, 1, 54, 3] i = 2 (key = 2) j = 1 → 45 > 2 → shift 45 right → [12, 45, 45, 1, 54, 3] , j = 0 j = 0 → 12 > 2 → shift 12 right → [12, 12, 45, 1, 54, 3] , j = -1 place key at j+1 = 0 → [2, 12, 45, 1, 54, 3] i = 3 (key = 1) shift 45, 12, 2 right → place 1 at index 0 Array: [1, 2, 12, 45, 54, 3] i = 4 (key = 54) 45 > 54? No → place 54 at index 4 (no shifts) Array: [1, 2, 12, 45, 54, 3] i = 5 (key = 3) shift 54, 45, 12 right → place 3 at index 2 Final: [1, 2, 3, 12, 45, 54] Descending Order To sort descending, flip the comparison ( > → < ) in the while condition: const insertionDesc = ( arr ) => { for ( let i = 1 ; i < arr . length ; i ++ ) { let key = arr [ i ]; let j = i - 1 ; while ( j >= 0 && arr [ j ] < key ) { arr [ j + 1 ] = arr [ j ]; j -- ; } arr [ j + 1 ] = key ; } return arr ; }; console . log ( insertionDesc ([ 12 , 45 , 2 , 1 , 54 , 3 ])); // => [54, 45, 12, 3, 2, 1] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Complexity & Characteristics (Quick Summary) Time Complexity Best: O(n) — when array is already sorted (shift-based; only comparisons) Average: O(n²) Worst: O(n²) — reverse-sorted input Space Complexity: O(1) — in-place Stability: Stable (shift-based sorting preserves equal-element order) When to use: small arrays, nearly-sorted data, or when stability matters Why it’s useful in practice: often used as the base case sorter for hybrid algorithms (Timsort, introsort variants) on small subarrays DSA for JavaScript Developers (3 Part Series) 1 Selection Sort in JavaScript — A Clean, Simple Guide 2 Bubble Sort in JavaScript — Step-by-Step Guide 3 Insertion Sort in JavaScript Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Alok Kumar Follow Software Engineer 💻 I write about JavaScript and mental health ✍ Location Hyderabad, India Work Software Enginner Joined Mar 8, 2020 More from Alok Kumar Bubble Sort in JavaScript — Step-by-Step Guide # algorithms # tutorial # beginners # javascript Selection Sort in JavaScript — A Clean, Simple Guide # algorithms # tutorial # beginners # javascript TypeScript Fundamentals # webdev # typescript # javascript # beginners 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/scale_youtube/devoxx-hello-virtual-world-by-keren-kenzi-36eb | Devoxx: Hello (Virtual) World by Keren Kenzi - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Scale YouTube Posted on Oct 3, 2025 Devoxx: Hello (Virtual) World by Keren Kenzi # javascript Hello (Virtual) World by Keren Kenzi Get ready to dive into the virtual realm and see how your JavaScript and HTML chops can bring your own VR world to life. This session kicks off with a live demo that walks you through the essential building blocks of a simple virtual reality game using A-Frame, vanilla JS, and the DOM API. Whether you’re a seasoned coder or just VR-curious, this talk is all about sparking your creativity and having fun. Expect hands-on tips, plenty of inspiration, and an invite to start crafting games that transport players to new dimensions! Watch on YouTube Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Scale YouTube Follow Joined Aug 2, 2025 More from Scale YouTube NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland # javascript # architecture # cloud # azure NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland # javascript # architecture # azure # cloud NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland # javascript # architecture # azure # cloud 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://golf.forem.com/t/livgolf | Livgolf - Golf Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Golf Forem Close # livgolf Follow Hide Discussions about the LIV Golf league, its players, and format Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Rick Shiels Golf: Can Bad golfer CHEATING Beat Tour Pro? YouTube Golf YouTube Golf YouTube Golf Follow Jul 10 '25 Rick Shiels Golf: Can Bad golfer CHEATING Beat Tour Pro? # golfyoutube # roundrecap # dpworldtour # livgolf Comments Add Comment 1 min read Golf.com: Warming Up with Jon Rahm and Tyrrell Hatton YouTube Golf YouTube Golf YouTube Golf Follow Jul 10 '25 Golf.com: Warming Up with Jon Rahm and Tyrrell Hatton # golfyoutube # livgolf # rydercup # mentalgame Comments Add Comment 1 min read Rick Shiels Golf: Can Bad golfer CHEATING Beat Tour Pro? YouTube Golf YouTube Golf YouTube Golf Follow Jul 9 '25 Rick Shiels Golf: Can Bad golfer CHEATING Beat Tour Pro? # golfyoutube # roundrecap # formats # livgolf Comments Add Comment 1 min read Rick Shiels Golf: Can Bad golfer CHEATING Beat Tour Pro? YouTube Golf YouTube Golf YouTube Golf Follow Jul 8 '25 Rick Shiels Golf: Can Bad golfer CHEATING Beat Tour Pro? # golfyoutube # roundrecap # dpworldtour # livgolf Comments Add Comment 1 min read Rick Shiels Golf: Can Bad golfer CHEATING Beat Tour Pro? YouTube Golf YouTube Golf YouTube Golf Follow Jul 7 '25 Rick Shiels Golf: Can Bad golfer CHEATING Beat Tour Pro? # roundrecap # golfyoutube # livgolf # dpworldtour Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Golf Forem — A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Golf Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where hackers, sticks, weekend warriors, pros, architects and wannabes come together Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://golf.forem.com/privacy#1-what-does-this-privacy-policy-apply-to | Privacy Policy - Golf Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Golf Forem Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Golf Forem — A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Golf Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where hackers, sticks, weekend warriors, pros, architects and wannabes come together Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://golf.forem.com/privacy#7-retention-of-personal-information | Privacy Policy - Golf Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Golf Forem Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Golf Forem — A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Golf Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where hackers, sticks, weekend warriors, pros, architects and wannabes come together Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://dev.to/sivarampg/cowork-claude-code-for-the-rest-of-your-work-3hjp#integration-with-your-existing-tools | Cowork: Claude Code for the Rest of Your Work - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Sivaram Posted on Jan 13 Cowork: Claude Code for the Rest of Your Work # ai # software # productivity # tooling Anthropic just dropped something interesting, and it's not just another AI chatbot. It's called Cowork , and it might represent where AI agents are heading next. What is Cowork? Cowork is essentially "Claude Code for the rest of your work" — a general-purpose AI agent that can work with files on your computer without requiring you to write a single line of code. Think of it this way: Claude Code was built for developers to automate coding tasks. But Anthropic noticed something interesting — developers were using it for everything else: vacation research, building slide decks, cleaning up email, cancelling subscriptions, recovering wedding photos from hard drives, monitoring plant growth, and even controlling ovens. So they stripped away the terminal interface and built Cowork — a visual, approachable version that anyone can use. How It Works The workflow is refreshingly simple: Grant folder access — You give Claude access to a specific folder on your computer Describe what you need — Tell Claude what you want in plain language Let it work — Claude makes a plan, executes steps in parallel, and keeps you updated on progress Get results — Claude reads, edits, or creates files as needed Example Use Cases Here's what you can do with Cowork: Reorganize your downloads folder — Sort and rename files intelligently Create expense reports — Turn a pile of receipt screenshots into a structured spreadsheet Draft reports — Synthesize scattered notes into a coherent first draft File organization — Clean up your desktop or organize documents by project Real-World Performance: 320 Podcast Transcripts in 15 Minutes Lenny Rachitsky put Cowork to the test with a substantial task — analyzing 320 podcast transcripts to extract key insights. Here's what happened: The Task: "Go through every Lenny's Podcast episode and pull out the 10 most important themes and lessons for product builders. Then give me the 10 most counterintuitive truths." The Setup: Lenny gave Claude access to a folder containing 320 podcast transcripts. The Result: 15 minutes later, Claude delivered: The 10 Most Important Themes from Lenny's Podcast Activation Is Everything — Slack's "2,000 messages" moment, Gamma's 30-second magic. Get users to value fast. Storytelling as a Superpower — Compelling narratives align organizations better than documents. Positioning Is Strategy, Not Marketing — April Dunford's 5-step framework that starts with competitive alternatives, not messaging. Product Discovery Before Delivery — Teresa Torres' Opportunity Solution Trees and Marty Cagan's Four Risks framework. Talk to customers weekly, not quarterly. Ruthless Prioritization — Shreyas Doshi's LNO Framework (Leverage/Neutral/Overhead) and focusing on opportunity cost over ROI. AI is Transforming Product Development — Model maximalism, evals as core PM skill, CEOs becoming ICs again. Empowered Teams vs. Feature Factories — Marty Cagan's distinction: give teams problems to solve, not features to build. Build Your Operating System — Claire Hughes Johnson's framework for founding documents, operating cadence, and decision frameworks. Pre-Mortems and Risk Anticipation — Shreyas Doshi's technique to surface failure modes before they happen. Small Teams, Outsized Impact — Jason Fried's 2-person/6-week constraints, Shopify's pair programming culture. The 10 Most Counterintuitive Truths Fear Gives Bad Advice — Do the Opposite — Whatever you're afraid to do (hard conversation, telling board bad news) is exactly what you should do. Adding Friction Can INCREASE Conversion — Adding personalization questions to signup improved Amplitude's conversion by 5%. Fewer Features = More Value — The Walkman succeeded because Sony REMOVED recording. QuickBooks wins with half the features at double the price. Adding People Makes You Slower (Absolutely) — Companies produce MORE total output after layoffs. Coordination overhead is silent killer. What Customers Say They Want Is Meaningless — 93% said they wanted energy-efficient homes. Nobody bought them. "Bitchin' ain't switchin'." Goals Are Not Strategy — They're Opposite — Richard Rumelt says confusing goals for strategy is most common strategic error. OKRs are often just wish lists. Don't A/B Test Your Big Bets — Instagram and Airbnb actively reject testing for transformational changes. You can't A/B test your way to greatness. Your Gut IS Data — Intuition is compressed experiential learning that isn't statistically significant yet. Don't discount it. By the Time You're Thinking About Quitting, It's Too Late — Stewart Butterfield killed Glitch while it was still growing 6-7% weekly. That's why he could start Slack. Most PMs Are Overpaid and Unnecessary — Marty Cagan himself says feature teams don't need PMs. Nikita Bier calls PM "not real." Lenny's verdict: "This is a substantial task - 320 podcast transcripts to analyze!" That's impressive — processing 320 transcripts and synthesizing them into actionable insights in just 15 minutes. The Mind-Blowing Part Here's the detail that's getting attention: Cowork was reportedly built in about a week and a half, and much of it was written by Claude Code itself. That's right — Anthropic's AI coding agent helped build its own non-technical sibling product. It's a recursive improvement loop happening in real-time, and it shows how AI tools can accelerate their own development. Integration with Your Existing Tools Cowork doesn't work in isolation. It integrates with: Connectors — Link Claude to tools like Asana, Notion, Canva, Linear, and more Skills — Specialized capabilities for working with Excel, presentations, or following brand guidelines Chrome extension — Complete tasks that require browser access This means Claude can pull real data from your project management tools, generate documents in your preferred formats, and maintain context across your entire workflow. Safety First Anthropic is being upfront about the risks: Controlled access — Claude can only access files you explicitly grant it access to Confirmation prompts — Claude asks before taking significant actions Clear instructions matter — Vague prompts could lead to unintended actions (like deleting files) Prompt injection risks — Like all AI agents, there are concerns about malicious content trying to hijack the agent They recommend starting with non-sensitive files while you learn how it works. Availability Right now, Cowork is available as a research preview for: Claude Max subscribers ($100-$200/month) on macOS Waitlist available for users on other plans Windows support and broader availability are coming later. What This Means for the Future Cowork represents an interesting shift in AI — moving from chatbots that just talk to you, toward agents that can actually do things for you. It's not about replacing developers or knowledge workers; it's about giving them an AI collaborator that can handle the repetitive, time-consuming tasks that get in the way of real work. The fact that Claude Code helped build Cowork shows how AI tools can compound each other's capabilities. We're seeing the beginning of AI systems that can build, improve, and extend themselves. If you're on Claude Max with a Mac, you can try Cowork today by clicking "Cowork" in the Claude Desktop sidebar. Everyone else can join the waitlist and see what the future of AI-assisted work looks like. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Golf Forem Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Golf Forem — A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Golf Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where hackers, sticks, weekend warriors, pros, architects and wannabes come together Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
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https://dev.to/t/bunjs/page/9#main-content | Bunjs Page 9 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # bunjs Follow Hide Create Post Older #bunjs posts 6 7 8 9 10 11 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu ¿Qué es Bun? Diego Enríquez Puig Diego Enríquez Puig Diego Enríquez Puig Follow for DegCode💻 Sep 19 '23 ¿Qué es Bun? # javascript # programming # bunjs # español 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Bun: A new JavaScript runtime for the modern era EZZAHIR Taha EZZAHIR Taha EZZAHIR Taha Follow Sep 15 '23 Bun: A new JavaScript runtime for the modern era # bunjs # javascript # node # programming 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read NestJS: Bun vs NodeJS Gabriel Morishita Gabriel Morishita Gabriel Morishita Follow Sep 12 '23 NestJS: Bun vs NodeJS # bunjs # nestjs # backend # webdev 56 reactions Comments 10 comments 4 min read Bun 1.0: A No-Nonsense Look at the New Kid on the JavaScript Block? Yashodhan Singh Yashodhan Singh Yashodhan Singh Follow Sep 14 '23 Bun 1.0: A No-Nonsense Look at the New Kid on the JavaScript Block? # bunjs # javascript # typescript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read You're not missing out Dušan Perković Dušan Perković Dušan Perković Follow Sep 13 '23 You're not missing out # webdev # javascript # bunjs # node 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 2 min read Brewing a Full-Stack Breakfast with ExpressoTS, Bun, and Elysia Daniel Boll Daniel Boll Daniel Boll Follow for ExpressoTS Sep 11 '23 Brewing a Full-Stack Breakfast with ExpressoTS, Bun, and Elysia # expressots # typescript # bunjs # elysiajs 34 reactions Comments 4 comments 5 min read From zero to production with Fastify Christopher Ribeiro Christopher Ribeiro Christopher Ribeiro Follow for Dymme Sep 12 '23 From zero to production with Fastify # javascript # node # typescript # bunjs 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Bun: Redefining JavaScript Runtimes for Modern Web Development" Anil K Tiwari Anil K Tiwari Anil K Tiwari Follow Sep 12 '23 Bun: Redefining JavaScript Runtimes for Modern Web Development" # bunjs # javascript # node 7 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read The best feature of Bun is not performance-related Michał Kuncio Michał Kuncio Michał Kuncio Follow Sep 12 '23 The best feature of Bun is not performance-related # webdev # javascript # node # bunjs 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read My Opinion on Adopting New Technologies: Using Bun as a Case Study. Richard Zampieri Richard Zampieri Richard Zampieri Follow Sep 11 '23 My Opinion on Adopting New Technologies: Using Bun as a Case Study. # discuss # bunjs # devjournal # developers 16 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read Bun 101: Bun for JavaScript Developers Abdullah Adeel Abdullah Adeel Abdullah Adeel Follow Sep 11 '23 Bun 101: Bun for JavaScript Developers # bunjs # javascript # typescript # node 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Bun overview Željko Šević Željko Šević Željko Šević Follow Sep 11 '23 Bun overview # bunjs # typescript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Era of New Web Development Tools: An Introduction to Bun 1.0 notHanii notHanii notHanii Follow Sep 11 '23 The Era of New Web Development Tools: An Introduction to Bun 1.0 # javascript # beginners # programming # bunjs Comments Add Comment 4 min read Yet Another Newsletter LOL: Fortune Cheese Nick Taylor Nick Taylor Nick Taylor Follow Sep 10 '23 Yet Another Newsletter LOL: Fortune Cheese # javascript # react # bunjs 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Bun: Is it fast for test automation? Vitali Haradkou Vitali Haradkou Vitali Haradkou Follow Sep 11 '23 Bun: Is it fast for test automation? # typescript # bunjs # programming # performance 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Bun.js cheatsheet Manthan Ankolekar Manthan Ankolekar Manthan Ankolekar Follow Sep 11 '23 Bun.js cheatsheet # bunjs # webdev 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Bun, Hono, Vite, TailwindCSS: An amazing combination has just been revealed! Muhammad Ridho Muhammad Ridho Muhammad Ridho Follow Sep 10 '23 Bun, Hono, Vite, TailwindCSS: An amazing combination has just been revealed! # webdev # bunjs # javascript # typescript 18 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read Hello from Bun! Reuben Tier Reuben Tier Reuben Tier Follow Sep 8 '23 Hello from Bun! # bunjs # astro # typescript # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read What Is Bun 1.0? A Game-Changer in JavaScript Development Harsh Vadadoriya Harsh Vadadoriya Harsh Vadadoriya Follow Sep 16 '23 What Is Bun 1.0? A Game-Changer in JavaScript Development # bunjs # javascript # typescript # node 6 reactions Comments 3 comments 3 min read Bootstrapping Angular Server-Side Rendering in Bun Artur Artur Artur Follow Aug 29 '23 Bootstrapping Angular Server-Side Rendering in Bun # angular # bunjs # node 14 reactions Comments 2 comments 10 min read Bun 1.0 is out the oven and support is here! 🥯 Celeste van der Watt Celeste van der Watt Celeste van der Watt Follow for Platform.sh Sep 8 '23 Bun 1.0 is out the oven and support is here! 🥯 # news # webdev # bunjs # javascript 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read SliDesk : Une introduction par Bun Sylvain Gougouzian Sylvain Gougouzian Sylvain Gougouzian Follow Aug 23 '23 SliDesk : Une introduction par Bun # bunjs # javascript # presentation # cli 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 4 min read Build native NodeJS / Bun addons with Nim language, in seconds 👑 George Lemon George Lemon George Lemon Follow Jun 27 '23 Build native NodeJS / Bun addons with Nim language, in seconds 👑 # napi # node # bunjs # nim 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read [Go] Accessing PostgreSQL with Bun 1 Masui Masanori Masui Masanori Masui Masanori Follow Jun 14 '23 [Go] Accessing PostgreSQL with Bun 1 # go # postgressql # bunjs 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Add JWT Authentication in Bun API Harsh Mangalam Harsh Mangalam Harsh Mangalam Follow Jun 11 '23 Add JWT Authentication in Bun API # bunjs # elysia # typescript # prisma 24 reactions Comments 8 comments 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/etiquette | Etiquette - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # etiquette Follow Hide Discussions on proper golf etiquette and pace of play Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Favorite Slack Features Neal Gamradt Neal Gamradt Neal Gamradt Follow May 22 '23 Favorite Slack Features # slack # tips # features # etiquette Comments Add Comment 7 min read Manipulating the browser's history in react Esther Itolima Esther Itolima Esther Itolima Follow Mar 5 '23 Manipulating the browser's history in react # discuss # gratitude # etiquette 11 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read The power of Remark Wojciech Rithaler Wojciech Rithaler Wojciech Rithaler Follow Feb 27 '23 The power of Remark # help # etiquette 6 reactions Comments 1 comment 9 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://dev.to/scale_youtube/devoxx-hello-virtual-world-by-keren-kenzi-2cif | Devoxx: Hello (Virtual) World by Keren Kenzi - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Scale YouTube Posted on Oct 6, 2025 Devoxx: Hello (Virtual) World by Keren Kenzi # javascript Hello (Virtual) World by Keren Kenzi is a hands-on session that shows you how to use JavaScript, HTML and A-Frame (plus the DOM API) to build a simple virtual reality game through a live demo. Whether you’re a VR rookie or a seasoned coder, this talk is all about igniting your creativity—get ready to dive into your own digital worlds and have some fun along the way! Watch on YouTube Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Scale YouTube Follow Joined Aug 2, 2025 More from Scale YouTube NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland # javascript # architecture # cloud # azure NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland # javascript # architecture # azure # cloud NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland # javascript # architecture # azure # cloud 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://dev.to/domenico_giordano_e441224/i-built-privacy-first-developer-tools-that-run-100-in-your-browser-544i | I Built Privacy-First Developer Tools That Run 100% in Your Browser - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Domenico Giordano Posted on Dec 11, 2025 I Built Privacy-First Developer Tools That Run 100% in Your Browser # webdev # javascript # privacy # opensource The Problem Every time I needed to format JSON or encode Base64, I had to use online tools that uploaded my data to unknown servers. For sensitive data, this felt wrong. The Solution I built THEJORD - a collection of developer tools where everything runs client-side. Your data never leaves your browser. 🔗 Try it: thejord.it What's Included JSON Formatter & Validator - Format, validate, beautify with syntax highlighting PDF Tools - Merge, split, compress PDFs using WebAssembly (no server!) Base64 Encoder/Decoder Hash Generator - MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512 Regex Tester - Live highlighting and match groups Cron Expression Builder Diff Checker UUID Generator And more... Tech Stack Next.js 16 with Turbopack React 19 TypeScript Tailwind CSS WebAssembly for PDF processing Why Privacy Matters When you paste code or data into online tools, you're trusting that: The server doesn't log your data The connection is secure The company won't be breached With client-side processing, none of this matters - your data stays on your machine. Try It Out 👉 thejord.it Would love to hear your feedback! What tools would you like to see added? Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Domenico Giordano Follow Joined Jan 8, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot 5 Tools That Make Daily Standups Actually Async # agile # scrum # productivity # webdev How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview Prompt Engineering Won’t Fix Your Architecture # discuss # career # ai # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/tahael | Taha - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions Taha Investigative journalist writer Location Türkiye Joined Joined on Jan 25, 2025 Personal website https://www.olayyorum.com/ More info about @tahael Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 3 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 1 tag followed NVMe vs SATA VPS: Real-World Performance Explained Taha Taha Taha Follow Dec 30 '25 NVMe vs SATA VPS: Real-World Performance Explained # cloudcomputing # devops # performance Comments Add Comment 2 min read Improving Plesk File Manager UX: Real-World Experience Taha Taha Taha Follow Dec 28 '25 Improving Plesk File Manager UX: Real-World Experience # plesk # webhosting # hosting # sysadmin Comments Add Comment 2 min read AI and News: A Revolution in Journalism? Taha Taha Taha Follow Jan 25 '25 AI and News: A Revolution in Journalism? # news # webdev # ai Comments 1 comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/using-github/github-mobile | GitHub Mobile - GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Free, Pro, & Team Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar Get started / Using GitHub / GitHub Mobile Home Get started Start your journey About GitHub and Git Create an account Hello World Set up your profile Find inspiration Download files Upload a project Learning resources Onboarding Getting started with your GitHub account Getting started with GitHub Team Getting started with the GitHub Enterprise Cloud trial Getting started with GitHub Enterprise Cloud Using GitHub GitHub flow Connecting to GitHub Communicating on GitHub Feature preview Supported browsers GitHub Mobile Allow network access Connectivity problems Learning about GitHub GitHub’s plans GitHub language support Types of GitHub accounts Access permissions GitHub Advanced Security Changes to GitHub plans GitHub glossary Learn to code Get started with Git Finding example code Reuse people's code Set up Copilot for learning Local development Debug with Copilot Storing secrets safely Getting feedback on your code Secure your code Secure your dependencies Accessibility Manage theme settings Keyboard shortcuts GitHub Command Palette Writing on GitHub Start writing on GitHub Quickstart About writing & formatting Basic formatting syntax Work with advanced formatting Organized data with tables Collapsed sections Create code blocks Create diagrams Mathematical expressions Auto linked references Attaching files About tasklists Permanent links to code Using keywords in issues and pull requests Work with saved replies About saved replies Creating a saved reply Editing a saved reply Deleting a saved reply Using saved replies Share content with gists Creating gists Forking and cloning gists Saving gists with stars Moderating gist comments Explore projects Finding open source projects Contribute to open source Use Copilot to explore projects Contribute to a project Save repositories with stars Following people Following organizations Git basics Set up Git Set your username Caching credentials Repeated credential prompts macOS Keychain credentials Git workflows About remote repositories Manage remote repositories Associate text editors Handle line endings Ignoring files Git cheatsheet Using Git About Git Push commits to a remote Get changes from a remote Non-fast-forward error Splitting a subfolder About Git subtree merges About Git rebase Git rebase Resolve conflicts after rebase Special characters in names Maximum push limit Archive account and public repos Request account archive GitHub Archive program Using GitHub Docs Docs versions Hover cards GitHub Certifications About GitHub Certifications Registering for an exam Get started / Using GitHub / GitHub Mobile GitHub Mobile Triage, collaborate, and manage your work on GitHub from your mobile device. View page as Markdown In this article About GitHub Mobile Installing GitHub Mobile Managing accounts Supported languages for GitHub Mobile Managing Universal Links for GitHub Mobile on iOS Sharing feedback Opting out of public preview releases for iOS About GitHub Mobile GitHub Mobile is available as an Android and iOS app. GitHub Mobile gives you a way to do high-impact work on GitHub quickly and from anywhere. GitHub Mobile is a safe and secure way to access your data through a trusted, first-party client application. 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https://dev.to/aws-heroes/terraform-creating-an-aws-opensearch-service-cluster-and-users-4786 | Terraform: creating an AWS OpenSearch Service cluster and users - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Arseny Zinchenko for AWS Heroes Posted on Dec 29, 2025 • Originally published at rtfm.co.ua on Dec 30, 2025 Terraform: creating an AWS OpenSearch Service cluster and users # terraform # aws # devops # tutorial In the first part, we covered the basics of AWS OpenSearch Service in general and the types of instances for Data Nodes — AWS: Getting Started with OpenSearch Service as a Vector Store . In the second part, we covered access, AWS: Creating an OpenSearch Service Cluster and Configuring Authentication and Authorization . Now let’s write Terraform code to create a cluster, users, and indexes. We will create the cluster in VPC and use the internal user database for authentication. But in VPC, you can’t… Because — surprise! — AWS Bedrock requires OpenSearch Managed Cluster to be public, not in VPC. The OpenSearch Managed Cluster you provided is not supported because it is VPC protected. Your cluster must be behind a public network. I wrote to the AWS tech. support, and they said: However, there is an ongoing product feature request (PFR) to have Bedrock KnowledgeBases support provisioned Open Search clusters in VPC. And they suggest using Amazon OpenSearch Serverless, which we are actually running away from because the prices are ridiculous. The second problem that arose when I started writing resources bedrockagent_knowledge_base is that it does not support storage_configuration with type OPENSEARCH_MANAGED`, only Serverless. But Pull Request for this already exists , maybe someday they will approve it. ( UPD : this was already merged) So, we will create an OpenSearch Managed Service cluster with three indexes — Dev/Staging/Prod. The cluster will have three small data nodes, and each index will have 1 primary shard and 1 replica, because the project is small, and the data in our Production index on AWS OpenSearch Serverless, from which we want to migrate to AWS OpenSearch Service, is currently only 2 GiB, and is unlikely to grow significantly in the future. It would be good to create the cluster in our own Terraform module to make it easier to create some test environments, as I did for AWS EKS, but there isn’t much time for that right now, so we’ll just use tf files with a separate prod.tfvars for variables. Maybe later I’ll write separately about transferring it to our own module, because it’s really convenient. In the next part, we’ll talk about monitoring, because our Production has already crashed once :-) Contents Terraform files structure Project planning Creating a cluster Custom endpoint configuration Terraform Outputs Creating OpenSearch Users Error: elastic: Error 403 (Forbidden) Creating Internal Users Internal database users Adding IAM Users Creating AWS Bedrock IAM Roles and OpenSearch Role mappings Creating OpenSearch indexes Terraform files structure The initial file and directory structure of the project is as follows: $ tree . . ├── README.md └── terraform ├── Makefile ├── backend.tf ├── data.tf ├── envs │ └── prod │ └── prod.tfvars ├── locals.tf ├── outputs.tf ├── providers.tf ├── variables.tf └── versions.tf In the providers.tf - provider settings, currently only AWS, and through it we set the default tags: provider "aws" { region = var.aws_region default_tags { tags = { component = var.component created-by = "terraform" environment = var.environment } } } In the data.tf , we collect AWS Account ID, Availability Zones, VPC, and private subnets in which we will create a cluster in which we will eventually create a cluster: ` data "aws_caller_identity" "current" {} data "aws_availability_zones" "available" { state = "available" } data "aws_vpc" "eks_vpc" { id = var.vpc_id } data "aws_subnets" "private" { filter { name = "vpc-id" values = [var.vpc_id] } tags = { subnet-type = "private" } } ` File variables.tf with our default variables, then we will add new ones: ` variable "aws_region" { type = string } variable "project_name" { description = "A project name to be used in resources" type = string } variable "component" { description = "A team using this project (backend, web, ios, data, devops)" type = string } variable "environment" { description = "Dev/Prod, will be used in AWS resources Name tag, and resources names" type = string } variable "vpc_id" { type = string description = "A VPC ID to be used to create OpenSearch cluster and its Nodes" } ` Pass the values of variables through a separate prod.tfvars file, then, if necessary, we can create a new environment through a file of the type envs/test/test.tfvars : aws_region = "us-east-1" project_name = "atlas-kb" component = "backend" environment = "prod" vpc_id = "vpc-0fbaffe234c0d81ea" dns_zone = "prod.example.co" In the Makefile , we simplify our local life: ` PROD init-prod: terraform init -reconfigure -backend-config="key=prod/atlas-knowledge-base-prod.tfstate" plan-prod: terraform plan -var-file=envs/prod/prod.tfvars apply-prod: terraform apply -var-file=envs/prod/prod.tfvars destroy-prod: terraform destroy -var-file=envs/prod/prod.tfvars ` What files will be next? We will also have AWS Bedrock, which will need to be configured for access — we will do this through its IAM Role, and I will not write about Bedrock here — because it is a separate topic, and Terraform does not yet support OPENSEARCH_MANAGED , so we did it manually, and then we will execute terraform import . We will create indexes, users for our Backend API, and Bedrock IAM Role mappings in OpenSearch’s internal database through Terraform OpenSearch Provider to simplify OpenSearch Dashboards access. Project planning We can create a cluster from the Terraform resource aws_opensearch_domain , or we can use ready-made modules, such as the opensearch from @Anton Babenko . Let’s take Anton’s module, because I use his modules a lot, and everything works great. Creating a cluster Examples — terraform-aws-opensearch/tree/master/examples . Add a variable with cluster parameters to the variables.tf : ` ... variable "cluser_options" { description = "A map of options to configure the OpenSearch cluster" type = object({ instance_type = string instance_count = number volume_size = number volume_type = string engine_version = string auto_software_update_enabled = bool }) } ` And a value in prod.tfvars : ` ... cluser_options = { instance_type = "t3.small.search" instance_count = 3 volume_size = 50 volume_type = "gp3" engine_version = "OpenSearch_2.19" auto_software_update_enabled = true } ` t3.small.search instances are the most minimal and sufficient for us at this time, although there are limitations for t3 , such as the AWS OpenSearch Auto-tune feature not being supported. In general, t3 is not intended for production use cases. See also Operational best practices for Amazon OpenSearch Service , Current generation instance types , and Amazon OpenSearch Service quotas . I set the version here to 2.9, but 3.1 was added just a few days ago — see Supported versions of Elasticsearch and OpenSearch . We take three nodes so that the cluster can select a cluster manager node if one node fails, see Dedicated master node distribution , Learning OpenSearch from scratch, part 2: Digging deeper , and Enhance stability with dedicated cluster manager nodes using Amazon OpenSearch Service . Contents of the locals.tf : locals { # 'atlas-kb-prod' env_name = "${var.project_name}-${var.environment}" } Most of the locals will be right here, but some that are very "local" to a particular code will be in the resource code files. Add the file opensearcth_users.tf - for now, there is only a root user here, and the password is stored in AWS Parameter Store (instead of AWS Secrets Manager - "that's just how it happened historically“): ` ROOT generate root password waiting for write-only: https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform-provider-aws/pull/43621 then will update it with the ephemeral type resource "random_password" "os_master_password" { length = 16 special = true } store the root password in AWS Parameter Store resource "aws_ssm_parameter" "os_master_password" { name = "/${var.environment}/${local.env_name}-root-password" description = "OpenSearch cluster master password" type = "SecureString" value = random_password.os_master_password.result overwrite = true tier = "Standard" lifecycle { ignore_changes = [value] # to prevent diff every time password is regenerated } } data "aws_ssm_parameter" "os_master_password" { name = "/${var.environment}/${local.env_name}-root-password" with_decryption = true depends_on = [aws_ssm_parameter.os_master_password] } ` Let’s write the opensearch_cluster.tf file. I left the config for VPC here for future reference and just as an example, although it will not be possible to transfer an already created cluster to VPC — you will have to create a new one, see Limitations in the documentation Launching your Amazon OpenSearch Service domains within a VPC : ` module "opensearch" { source = "terraform-aws-modules/opensearch/aws" version = "~> 2.0.0" # enable Fine-grained access control # by using the internal user database, we'll simply access to the Dashboards # for backend API Kubernetes Pods, will use Kubernetes Secrets with username:password from AWS Parameter Store advanced_security_options = { enabled = true anonymous_auth_enabled = false internal_user_database_enabled = true master_user_options = { master_user_name = "os_root" master_user_password = data.aws_ssm_parameter.os_master_password.value } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode } # can't be used with t3 instances auto_tune_options = { desired_state = "DISABLED" } # have three data nodes - t3.small.search nodes in two AZs # will use 3 indexes - dev/stage/prod with 1 shard and 1 replica each cluster_config = { instance_count = var.cluser_options.instance_count dedicated_master_enabled = false instance_type = var.cluser_options.instance_type # put both data-nodes in different AZs zone_awareness_config = { availability_zone_count = 2 } zone_awareness_enabled = true Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode } # the cluster's name # 'atlas-kb-prod' domain_name = "${local.env_name}-cluster" # 50 GiB for each Data Node ebs_options = { ebs_enabled = true volume_type = var.cluser_options.volume_type volume_size = var.cluser_options.volume_size } encrypt_at_rest = { enabled = true } # latest for today: # https://docs.aws.amazon.com/opensearch-service/latest/developerguide/what-is.html#choosing-version engine_version = var.cluser_options.engine_version # enable CloudWatch logs for Index and Search slow logs # TODO: collect to VictoriaLogs or Loki, and create metrics and alerts log_publishing_options = [ { log_type = "INDEX_SLOW_LOGS" }, { log_type = "SEARCH_SLOW_LOGS" }, ] ip_address_type = "ipv4" node_to_node_encryption = { enabled = true } # allow minor version updates automatically # will be performed during off-peak windows software_update_options = { auto_software_update_enabled = var.cluser_options.auto_software_update_enabled } # DO NOT use 'atlas-vpc-ops' VPC and its private subnets # > "The OpenSearch Managed Cluster you provided is not supported because it is VPC protected. Your cluster must be behind a public network." # vpc_options = { # subnet_ids = data.aws_subnets.private.ids # } # # VPC endpoint to access from Kubernetes Pods # vpc_endpoints = { # one = { # subnet_ids = data.aws_subnets.private.ids # } # } # Security Group rules to allow access from the VPC only # security_group_rules = { # ingress_443 = { # type = "ingress" # description = "HTTPS access from VPC" # from_port = 443 # to_port = 443 # ip_protocol = "tcp" # cidr_ipv4 = data.aws_vpc.ops_vpc.cidr_block # } # } # Access policy # necessary to allow access for AWS user to the Dashboards access_policy_statements = [ { effect = "Allow" principals = [{ type = "*" identifiers = ["*"] }] actions = ["es:*"] } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ] # 'atlas-kb-ops-os-cluster' tags = { Name = "${var.project_name}-${var.environment}-os-cluster" } } ` Basically, everything is described in the comments, but in short: enable fine-grained access control and a local user database three data nodes, each with 50 gigabytes of disk space, in different Availability Zones enable logs in CloudWatch create a cluster in private subnets allow access for everyone in the Domain Access Policy well, that’s it for now… we can’t use Security Groups because we’re not in VPC, but how do we create an IP-based policy? We don’t know CIDR Bedrock or in the principals.identifiers we could add a limit on our IAM Users + Bedrock AIM Role Run creating the cluster and go to have some tea, as this process will take around 20 minutes. Custom endpoint configuration After creating the cluster, check access to the Dashboards. If everything is OK, add a custom endpoint. Note : Custom endpoints have their own quirks: in Terraform OpenSearch Provider, you need to use the custom endpoint URL, but in AWS Bedrock Knowledge Base, you need to use the default cluster URL. To do this, we need to create a certificate in AWS Certificate Manager, and add a new record in Route53. I expected a possible chicken-and-egg problem here, because Custom Endpoint settings depend on AWS ACM and a record in AWS Route53, and the record in AWS Route53 will depend on the cluster because it uses its endpoint. But no, if you create a new cluster with the settings described below, everything is created correctly: first, the certificate in AWS ACM, then the cluster with Custom Endpoint, then the record in Route53 with CNAME to the cluster default URL. Add a new local - os_custom_domain_name : locals { # 'atlas-kb-prod' env_name = "${var.project_name}-${var.environment}" # 'opensearch.prod.example.co' os_custom_domain_name = "opensearch.${var.dns_zone}" } Add the Route53 zone data retrieval to the data.tf : ` ... data "aws_route53_zone" "zone" { name = var.dns_zone } ` Add certificate creation and Route53 entry to the opensearch_cluster.tf : ` TLS for the Custom Domain module "prod_opensearch_acm" { source = "terraform-aws-modules/acm/aws" version = "~> 6.0" # 'opensearch.example.co' domain_name = local.os_custom_domain_name zone_id = data.aws_route53_zone.zone.zone_id validation_method = "DNS" wait_for_validation = true tags = { Name = local.os_custom_domain_name } } resource "aws_route53_record" "opensearch_domain_endpoint" { zone_id = data.aws_route53_zone.zone.zone_id name = local.os_custom_domain_name type = "CNAME" ttl = 300 records = [module.opensearch.domain_endpoint] } ... ` And in the module "opensearch" , add the custom endpoint settings: ... domain_endpoint_options = { custom_endpoint_certificate_arn = module.prod_opensearch_acm.acm_certificate_arn custom_endpoint_enabled = true custom_endpoint = local.os_custom_domain_name tls_security_policy = "Policy-Min-TLS-1-2-2019-07" } ... Run terraform init and terraform apply , check the settings: And check access to the Dashboards. Terraform Outputs Let’s add some outputs. For now, just for ourselves, but later we may use them in imports from other projects, see Terraform: terraform_remote_state — getting outputs from other state files : ` output "vpc_id" { value = var.vpc_id } output "cluster_arn" { value = module.opensearch.domain_arn } output "opensearch_domain_endpoint_cluster" { value = "https://${module.opensearch.domain_endpoint}" } output "opensearch_domain_endpoint_custom" { value = "https://${local.os_custom_domain_name}" } output "opensearch_root_username" { value = "os_root" } output "opensearch_root_user_password_secret_name" { value = "/${var.environment}/${local.env_name}-root-password" } ` Creating OpenSearch Users All that’s left now are users and indexes. We will have two types of users: regular users from the OpenSearch internal database — for our Backend API in Kubernetes (actually, we later switched to IAM Roles, which are mapped to the Backend via EKS Pod Identities ) and users (IAM Role) for Bedrock — there will be three Knowledge Bases, each with its own IAM Role, for which we will need to add an OpenSearch Role and map it to IAM roles Let’s start with regular users. Add a provider, in my case it is in the versions.tf file: ` terraform { required_version = "~> 1.6" required_providers { aws = { source = "hashicorp/aws" version = "~> 6.0" } opensearch = { source = "opensearch-project/opensearch" version = "~> 2.3" } } } ` In the providers.tf file, describe access to the cluster: ` ... provider "opensearch" { url = "https://${local.os_custom_domain_name}" username = "os_root" password = data.aws_ssm_parameter.os_master_password.value healthcheck = false } ` Error: elastic: Error 403 (Forbidden) Here is an important point about the url value in the provider configuration. I wrote about it above, and now I will show you how it looks. First, in the provider.url , I set it as outputs of the module, i.e. module.opensearch.domain_endpoint . Because of this, I got a 403 error when I tried to create users: ... opensearch_user.os_kraken_dev_user: Creating... opensearch_role.os_kraken_dev_role: Creating... ╷ │ Error: elastic: Error 403 (Forbidden) │ │ with opensearch_user.os_kraken_dev_user, │ on opensearch_users.tf line 23, in resource "opensearch_user" "os_kraken_dev_user": │ 23: resource "opensearch_user" "os_kraken_dev_user" { │ ╵ ╷ │ Error: elastic: Error 403 (Forbidden) │ │ with opensearch_role.os_kraken_dev_role, │ on opensearch_users.tf line 30, in resource "opensearch_role" "os_kraken_dev_role": │ 30: resource "opensearch_role" "os_kraken_dev_role" { Thus, set the URL in the form of FQDN, which we did for Custom Endpoint, something like "url = https://opensearch.exmaple.com" - and everything works well. Creating Internal Users Now for the users themselves. There will be three of them — dev , staging , prod , each with access to the corresponding index. Here we will use opensearch_user . If the cluster is created in VPC, a VPN connection is required so that the provider can connect to the cluster. Add list() to the variables.tf with a list of environments: ` ... variable "app_environments" { type = list(string) description = "The Application's environments, to be used to created Dev/Staging/Prod DynamoDB tables, etc" } ` And the value in prod.tfvars : ` ... app_environments = [ "dev", "staging", "prod" ] ` Internal database users At first, I planned to just use local users, and wrote this option in this post — let it be. Next, I will show how we did it in the end — with IAM Users and IAM Roles. In the file opensearch_users.tf , add three passwords, three users, and three roles to which we map users in loops - each role with access to its own index: ` ... KRAKEN resource "random_password" "os_kraken_password" { for_each = toset(var.app_environments) length = 16 special = true } store the root password in AWS Parameter Store resource "aws_ssm_parameter" "os_kraken_password" { for_each = toset(var.app_environments) name = "/${var.environment}/${local.env_name}-kraken-${each.key}-password" description = "OpenSearch cluster Backend Dev password" type = "SecureString" value = random_password.os_kraken_password[each.key].result overwrite = true tier = "Standard" lifecycle { ignore_changes = [value] # to prevent diff every time password is regenerated } } Create a user resource "opensearch_user" "os_kraken_user" { for_each = toset(var.app_environments) username = "os_kraken_${each.key}" password = random_password.os_kraken_password[each.key].result description = "Backend EKS ${each.key} user" depends_on = [module.opensearch] } And a full user, role and role mapping example: resource "opensearch_role" "os_kraken_role" { for_each = toset(var.app_environments) role_name = "os_kraken_${each.key}_role" description = "Backend EKS ${each.key} role" cluster_permissions = [ "indices:data/read/msearch", "indices:data/write/bulk*", "indices:data/read/mget*" ] index_permissions { index_patterns = ["kraken-kb-index-${each.key}"] allowed_actions = ["*"] } depends_on = [module.opensearch] } ` In cluster_permissions , we add permissions that are required for both the index level and the cluster level, because Bedrock did not work without them, see Cluster wide index permissions . Deploy and check in Dashboards: Adding IAM Users The idea here is the same, except that instead of regular users with a login:password for authentication, IAM and its Users && Roles are used. More on the role for Bedrock later, but for now, let’s add user mapping. What we need to do is take a list of our Backend team users, give them an IAM Policy with access to OpenSearch, and then add mapping to a local role in the OpenSearch internal users database. For now, we can use the local role all_access , although it would be better to write our own later. See Predefined roles and About the master user . Add a new variable to the variables.tf : ` ... variable "backend_team_users_arns" { type = list(string) } ` Its value in the prod.tfvars : ` ... backend_team_users_arns = [ "arn:aws:iam::492* 148:user/arseny", "arn:aws:iam::492 148:user/misha", "arn:aws:iam::492 148:user/oleksii", "arn:aws:iam::492 *148:user/vladimir", "os_root" ] ` Here, we had to mess around with the user os_root , because otherwise it would be removed from the role. So, it’s better to make normal roles — but for MVP, it’s okay. And we add the mapping of these IAM Users to the role all_access : ` ... BACKEND TEAM resource "opensearch_roles_mapping" "all_access_mapping" { role_name = "all_access" users = var.backend_team_users_arns } ` Deploy, check the all_access role: Note : ChatGPT stubbornly insisted on adding IAM Users to Backend Roles, but no, and this is clearly stated in the documentation — you need to add them to Users, see Additional master users . And for all the IAM Users we need to add an IAM policy with access. Again, for MVP, we can simply take the AWS managed policy AmazonOpenSearchServiceFullAccess , which is connected to the IAM Group: Creating AWS Bedrock IAM Roles and OpenSearch Role mappings We already have Bedrock, now just need to create new IAM Roles and map them to OpenSearch Roles. Add the iam.tf file - describe the IAM Role and IAM Policy (Identity-based Policy for access to OpenSearch), also in a loop for each of the var.app_environments : ` MAIN ROLE FOR KNOWLEDGE BASE grants permissions for AWS Bedrock to interact with other AWS services resource "aws_iam_role" "knowledge_base_role" { for_each = toset(var.app_environments) name = "${var.project_name}-role-${each.key}-managed" assume_role_policy = jsonencode({ Version = "2012-10-17" Statement = [ { Action = "sts:AssumeRole" Effect = "Allow" Principal = { Service = "bedrock.amazonaws.com" } Condition = { StringEquals = { "aws:SourceAccount" = data.aws_caller_identity.current.account_id } ArnLike = { # restricts the role to be assumed only by Bedrock knowledge base in the specified region "aws:SourceArn" = "arn:aws:bedrock:${var.aws_region}:${data.aws_caller_identity.current.account_id}:knowledge-base/*" } } } ] }) } IAM policy for Knowledge Base to access OpenSearch Managed resource "aws_iam_policy" "knowledge_base_opensearch_policy" { for_each = toset(var.app_environments) name = "${var.project_name}-kb-opensearch-policy-${each.key}-managed" policy = jsonencode({ Version = "2012-10-17" Statement = [ { Effect = "Allow" Action = [ "es: ", ] Resource = [ module.opensearch.domain_arn, "${module.opensearch.domain_arn}/ " ] } ] }) } resource "aws_iam_role_policy_attachment" "knowledge_base_opensearch" { for_each = toset(var.app_environments) role = aws_iam_role.knowledge_base_role[each.key].name policy_arn = aws_iam_policy.knowledge_base_opensearch_policy[each.key].arn } ` Next, in the opensearch_users.tf , let's create: opensearch_role : with cluster_permissions and index_permissions for each index locals with all the IAM Roles we created above and opensearch_roles_mapping for each opensearch_role.os_bedrock_roles , which we add to each opensearch_rolevia backend_roles . It looks something like this: ` ... BEDROCK resource "opensearch_role" "os_bedrock_roles" { for_each = toset(var.app_environments) role_name = "os_bedrock_${each.key}_role" description = "Backend Bedrock KB ${each.key} role" cluster_permissions = [ "indices:data/read/msearch", "indices:data/write/bulk*", "indices:data/read/mget*" ] index_permissions { index_patterns = ["kraken-kb-index-${each.key}"] allowed_actions = ["*"] } depends_on = [module.opensearch] } 'aws_iam_role' is defined in iam.tf locals { knowledge_base_role_arns = { for env, role in aws_iam_role.knowledge_base_role : env => role.arn } } resource "opensearch_roles_mapping" "os_bedrock_role_mappings" { for_each = toset(var.app_environments) role_name = opensearch_role.os_bedrock_roles[each.key].role_name backend_roles = [ local.knowledge_base_role_arns[each.key] ] depends_on = [module.opensearch] } ` Actually, this is where I encountered Bedrock access errors, which forced me to add cluster_permissions : The knowledge base storage configuration provided is invalid… Request failed: [security_exception] no permissions for [indices:data/read/msearch] and User [name=arn:aws:iam::492* 148:role/kraken-kb-role-dev, backend_roles=[arn:aws:iam::492 *148:role/kraken-kb-role-dev], requestedTenant=null] Deploy, check: Creating OpenSearch indexes The provider already exists, so we’ll take the opensearch_index resource. In locals , we write the index template - I just took it from the developers from the old configuration: ` locals { # 'atlas-kb-prod' env_name = "${var.project_name}-${var.environment}" # 'opensearch.prod.example.co' os_custom_domain_name = "opensearch.${var.dns_zone}" # index mappings os_index_mappings = <<-EOF { "dynamic_templates": [ { "strings": { "match_mapping_type": "string", "mapping": { "fields": { "keyword": { "ignore_above": 8192, "type": "keyword" } }, "type": "text" } } } ], "properties": { "bedrock-knowledge-base-default-vector": { "type": "knn_vector", "dimension": 1024, "method": { "name": "hnsw", "engine": "faiss", "parameters": { "m": 16, "ef_construction": 512 }, "space_type": "l2" } }, "AMAZON_BEDROCK_METADATA": { "type": "text", "index": false }, "AMAZON_BEDROCK_TEXT_CHUNK": { "type": "text", "index": true } } } EOF } ` Create a file named opensearch_indexes.tf . Add the indexes themselves - here, I decided not to use a loop, but to create separate Dev/Staging/Prod files directly: ` Dev Index resource "opensearch_index" "kb_vector_index_dev" { name = "kraken-kb-index-dev" # enable approximate nearest neighbor search by setting index_knn to true index_knn = true index_knn_algo_param_ef_search = "512" number_of_shards = "1" number_of_replicas = "1" mappings = local.os_index_mappings # When new documents are ingested into the Knowledge Base, # OpenSearch automatically creates field mappings for new metadata fields under # AMAZON_BEDROCK_METADATA. Since these fields are created outside of TF resource definitions, # TF detects them as configuration drift and attempts to recreate the index to match its # known state. # # This lifecycle rule prevents unnecessary index recreation by ignoring mapping changes # that occur after initial deployment. lifecycle { ignore_changes = [mappings] } } ... ` Deploy, check: That’s basically it. Bedrock is already connected, everything is working. But it took a little bit of effort. And I’m sure it won’t be the last time :-) Originally published at RTFM: Linux, DevOps, and system administration . Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse AWS Heroes Follow A vibrant, worldwide group of AWS experts. 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https://www.highlight.io/blog/supporting-opentelemetry-metrics | Building an Efficient OpenTelemetry Metrics Schema in Clickhouse Pricing Customers Blog Careers Docs Ingest and Visualization for OpenTelemetry Metrics Sign up Back Aug 16, 2022 • 6 min. read New Feature: Session Backfilling Engineering Jan 30, 2025 • 18 min. read Building Highlight’s new 'Connect' flow Company Product Updates Apr 4, 2023 • 8 min. read Our Commitment to OpenTelemetry Engineering Observability OpenTelemetry Jan 23, 2025 • 14 min read Ingest and Visualization for OpenTelemetry Metrics Engineering Observability OpenTelemetry Vadim Korolik CTO @ Highlight Highlight.io is an open source monitoring platform. If you're interested in learning more, get started at highlight.io . OpenTelemetry Metrics OpenTelemetry (OTeL) is becoming the de facto standard for observability, providing a unified way to collect, process, and export telemetry data, including traces, logs, and metrics. While traces and logs are crucial for debugging, metrics offer a high-level view of system performance and health. Efficiently storing and querying these metrics is essential for real-time insights, and ClickHouse—a high-performance, columnar database—provides an ideal backend for scalable and cost-effective metric ingestion. At Highlight, we recently introduced support for OTeL metrics ingest. Below, we'll describe how we structured the implementation to deliver an efficient OpenTelemetry metrics pipeline using ClickHouse, covering ingestion, aggregation, querying, and visualization. OTeL Metrics Formats OpenTelemetry metrics are designed to be flexible, supporting various aggregation and encoding formats. The key formats include: • Gauge: Represents a single numerical value that changes over time, such as CPU usage or memory consumption. • Counter: A monotonically increasing value, commonly used for request counts or error rates. • Histogram: Captures the distribution of values over a given time period, useful for tracking request latencies. • Summary: Similar to histograms but includes percentile calculations for more detailed insights. The OTel protocol transmits these metric types in a structured format, typically in protobuf or JSON when using OTLP ( OpenTelemetry Protocol). Understanding these formats is crucial for designing an efficient ingestion pipeline that minimizes storage overhead while maximizing query performance. Building an Ingest Path Highlight uses Apache Kafka to buffer data for bulk inserts into ClickHouse. While we use the OpenTelemetry collector to receive, deserialize, and batch data, we export to our Golang API that mutates the data before writing to Apache Kafka. A set of workers (the Apache Kafka Connect ClickHouse exporter) read the data and write it to ClickHouse in large batches. +------------------+ | OTel Collector | +------------------+ | v +------------------+ | Highlight API | +------------------+ | v +------------------+ | Apache Kafka | +------------------+ | +----------------------+ | Kafka Connect | +----------------------+ | v +------------------+ | ClickHouse | +------------------+ OpenTelemetry Collector Setup The OpenTelemetry Collector is a key component in an OTel pipeline, responsible for receiving, processing, and exporting telemetry data. For metric ingestion into ClickHouse, we configure the collector to receive OTel metrics via the OTLP receiver, process them using built-in processors (e.g., batch and transform), and export them to our API. Here's an example OpenTelemetry Collector configuration for exporting metrics to our Highlight API which then batch exports data to ClickHouse: receivers: awsfirehose/cwmetrics: record_type: cwmetrics awsfirehose/otlp_v1: record_type: otlp_v1 otlp: protocols: grpc: http: processors: batch: timeout: 5s send_batch_size: 1000 exporters: otlphttp: endpoint: 'http://pub.prod.vpc.highlight.io:8082/otel' service: pipelines: metrics: receivers: [ otlp, awsfirehose/cwmetrics, awsfirehose/otlp_v1 ] processors: [ batch ] exporters: [ otlphttp ] See our full production OpenTelemetry collector config here . If you are building an OpenTelemetry pipeline from scratch, you can use the clickhouse collector export for direct writes to the database. For our production use-case, we route the data through our API for pre-processing and write buffering via Apache Kafka, but you may find success with the exporter even for large volumes. exporters: clickhouse: endpoint: "tcp://clickhouse-server:9000" database: "otel_metrics" username: "default" password: "" By using the OpenTelemetry collector as the initial entrypoint for the data, we get the benefit of the collector supporting myriad receivers which can be compatible with different data formats. For instance, as shown in the example above, we also set up a receiver for the AWS Firehose CloudWatch metrics format in the same collector. We'll be covering cloud integrations in a future blog post, stay tuned! Aggregating and Reducing Data Granularity High-cardinality metrics can quickly balloon in storage size, making efficient aggregation crucial. ClickHouse provides materialized views and TTL-based rollups to downsample data while retaining aggregate insights. Our production data pipeline initially writes the metrics in their OTeL native format to one of three tables . Metrics are written to one of the metrics_sum , metrics_histogram , and metrics_summary tables. The frequency of metric data can be a challenge with querying over wide time-ranges. While the OpenTelemetry SDK emitting the metrics may aggregate data, the collector does not perform any additional aggregation. A real-world example: imagine having a 100-node Kubernetes cluster running your application. Each application instance is receiving many requests per second and emitting a number of latency metrics for each API endpoint. Even if the OTeL SDK is configured to aggregate metrics down to each second, each node will still produce one row per second for each of the unique metrics and their attributes. Any unique tags emitted on the metrics will result in unique metric rows written to ClickHouse. On top of that, the 100 nodes will all be sending their respective data which will not be aggregated by the Collector. The result: writing thousands of rows per second to ClickHouse with fine timestamp granularity. Another reason to transform the data is to aggregate the different OTeL metrics formats into a cohesive one that's easier to query. We went with a an approach that solves both problems, aggregating metric values to 1-second resolution and merging data between the metrics formats. Below you'll find the schema we adopted for each OTeL metric type along with the materialized views that perform aggregations: CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS metrics_sum ( ProjectId UInt32, ServiceName LowCardinality(String), MetricName String, MetricDescription String, MetricUnit String, Attributes Map(LowCardinality(String), String), Timestamp DateTime64(9) CODEC (Delta, ZSTD), RetentionDays UInt8 DEFAULT 30, -- sum Value Float64 -- other columns omitted for brevity ) ENGINE = MergeTree() TTL toDateTime(Timestamp) + toIntervalDay(RetentionDays) PARTITION BY toStartOfDay(Timestamp) ORDER BY (ProjectId, ServiceName, MetricName, toUnixTimestamp64Nano(Timestamp)); CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS metrics_histogram ( ProjectId UInt32, ServiceName LowCardinality(String), MetricName String, MetricDescription String, MetricUnit String, Attributes Map(LowCardinality(String), String), Timestamp DateTime64(9) CODEC (Delta, ZSTD), RetentionDays UInt8 DEFAULT 30, -- common -- histogram Count UInt64 CODEC (Delta, ZSTD), Sum Float64, BucketCounts Array (UInt64), ExplicitBounds Array (Float64), Min Float64, Max Float64 -- other columns omitted for brevity ) ENGINE = MergeTree() TTL toDateTime(Timestamp) + toIntervalDay(RetentionDays) PARTITION BY toStartOfDay(Timestamp) ORDER BY (ProjectId, ServiceName, MetricName, toUnixTimestamp64Nano(Timestamp)); CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS metrics_summary ( ProjectId UInt32, ServiceName LowCardinality(String), MetricName String, MetricDescription String, MetricUnit String, Attributes Map(LowCardinality(String), String), Timestamp DateTime64(9) CODEC (Delta, ZSTD), RetentionDays UInt8 DEFAULT 30, -- common Flags UInt32, -- summary Count Float64, Sum Float64 -- other columns omitted for brevity ) ENGINE = MergeTree() TTL toDateTime(Timestamp) + toIntervalDay(RetentionDays) PARTITION BY toStartOfDay(Timestamp) ORDER BY (ProjectId, ServiceName, MetricName, toUnixTimestamp64Nano(Timestamp)); -- the destination table which contains the aggregate across metrics formats CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS default.metrics ( ProjectId UInt32, ServiceName String, MetricName String, MetricType Enum8('Empty' = 0, 'Gauge' = 1, 'Sum' = 2, 'Histogram' = 3, 'ExponentialHistogram' = 4, 'Summary' = 5), Attributes Map(LowCardinality(String), String), Timestamp DateTime CODEC (Delta(4), ZSTD(1)), -- meta MetricDescription SimpleAggregateFunction(anyLast, String), MetricUnit SimpleAggregateFunction(anyLast, String), RetentionDays SimpleAggregateFunction(max, UInt8) DEFAULT 30, -- histogram Min SimpleAggregateFunction(min, Float64), Max SimpleAggregateFunction(max, Float64), BucketCounts SimpleAggregateFunction(groupArrayArray, Array(UInt64)), ExplicitBounds SimpleAggregateFunction(groupArrayArray, Array(Float64)), -- common Count SimpleAggregateFunction(sum, UInt64), Sum SimpleAggregateFunction(sum, Float64) -- other columns omitted for brevity ) ENGINE = AggregatingMergeTree() PARTITION BY toStartOfDay(Timestamp) ORDER BY (ProjectId, ServiceName, MetricName, MetricType, toUnixTimestamp(Timestamp)) TTL toDateTime(Timestamp) + toIntervalDay(RetentionDays); CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW IF NOT EXISTS metrics_sum_mv TO metrics AS SELECT ProjectId, ServiceName, MetricName, MetricType, Attributes, toDateTime(toStartOfSecond(Timestamp)) as Timestamp, -- meta anyLastSimpleState(MetricDescription) as MetricDescription, anyLastSimpleState(MetricUnit) as MetricUnit, minSimpleState(StartTimestamp) as StartTimestamp, maxSimpleState(RetentionDays) as RetentionDays, -- sum sumSimpleState(1) as Count, sumSimpleState(Value) as Sum -- other columns omitted for brevity FROM metrics_sum GROUP BY all; CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW IF NOT EXISTS metrics_histogram_mv TO metrics AS SELECT ProjectId, ServiceName, MetricName, 'Histogram' as MetricType, Attributes, toDateTime(toStartOfSecond(Timestamp)) as Timestamp, -- meta anyLastSimpleState(MetricDescription) as MetricDescription, anyLastSimpleState(MetricUnit) as MetricUnit, minSimpleState(StartTimestamp) as StartTimestamp, maxSimpleState(RetentionDays) as RetentionDays, -- histogram minSimpleState(Min) as Min, minSimpleState(Max) as Max, groupArrayArraySimpleState(BucketCounts) as BucketCounts, groupArrayArraySimpleState(ExplicitBounds) as ExplicitBounds, sumSimpleState(Count) as Count, sumSimpleState(Sum) as Sum -- other columns omitted for brevity FROM metrics_histogram GROUP BY all; CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW IF NOT EXISTS metrics_summary_mv TO metrics AS SELECT ProjectId, ServiceName, MetricName, 'Summary' as MetricType, Attributes, toDateTime(toStartOfSecond(Timestamp)) as Timestamp, -- meta anyLastSimpleState(MetricDescription) as MetricDescription, anyLastSimpleState(MetricUnit) as MetricUnit, minSimpleState(StartTimestamp) as StartTimestamp, maxSimpleState(RetentionDays) as RetentionDays, -- summary sumSimpleState(Count) as Count, sumSimpleState(Sum) as Sum -- other columns omitted for brevity FROM metrics_summary GROUP BY all; Find the full-example from our production configuration in our GitHub Repo: the metrics schema and the materialized views . This reduces the volume of stored data by grouping metrics into one-second intervals, balancing granularity and storage efficiency. In the future, we may also aggregate across metric Attributes for keys that are similar across metrics. Query Layer With metrics efficiently ingested and aggregated, querying performance becomes inherent. We share the ClickHouse query layer across the products and can extract metrics just like we query other data ingested in Highlight: SELECT Timestamp, toFloat64(Sum / Count) as value FROM metrics WHERE ProjectId = ? AND Timestamp <= ? AND Timestamp >= ? AND toString(MetricName) = ? AND Attributes[?] = ? Additional bucketing logic allows us to aggregate the results in a format that's easily displayed in our dashboards . Conclusion Building an OpenTelemetry metrics pipeline with ClickHouse offers a scalable and efficient solution for observability. By leveraging OTLP ingestion, data aggregation, SQL-based querying, and visualization tools, organizations can gain deep insights into their applications with minimal storage and performance overhead. Ready to get started? Try out Highlight.io and explore how open-source observability can transform your monitoring stack. 🚀 Comments ( 0 ) Name Email Your Message New Comment Other articles you may like Aug 16, 2022 • 6 min. read New Feature: Session Backfilling Engineering Jan 30, 2025 • 18 min. read Building Highlight’s new 'Connect' flow Company Product Updates Apr 4, 2023 • 8 min. read Our Commitment to OpenTelemetry Engineering Observability OpenTelemetry Try Highlight Today Get the visibility you need Get started for free Product Pricing Sign up Features Privacy & Security Customers Session Replay Error Monitoring Logging Competitors LogRocket Hotjar Fullstory Smartlook Inspectlet Datadog Sentry Site24x7 Sprig Mouseflow Pendo Heap LogicMonitor Last9 Axiom Better Stack HyperDX Dash0 Developers Changelog Documentation Ambassadors Frameworks React Next.js Angular Gatsby.js Svelte.js Vue.js Express Golang Next.js Node.js Rails Hono Contact & Legal Terms of Service Privacy Policy Careers sales@highlight.io security@highlight.io [object Object] | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://docs.midnight.network/ | Midnight Documentation | Midnight Docs Skip to main content Docs Compact Academy Blog Release Notes AI search Search Environment Testnet-02 Get started Installation Create an MN App Deploy an MN app Interact with an MN app What is Midnight Concepts Build How to Operate Validate API documentation Troubleshooting Contribute Release notes Glossary Dev diaries Explore with… ▾ Midnight developer documentation ▍ Midnight helps you keep sensitive data private with zero-knowledge proofs and selective disclosure, without losing on-chain utility. Start building Examples Compact language What is Midnight? Midnight is a privacy-first blockchain that blends public verifiability with confidential data handling. You can use Midnight's selective disclosure and ZK proofs to build apps that: Verify correctness without revealing sensitive data Share only the information users choose to disclose Prove compliance while keeping private records confidential Midnight’s consensus mechanism ensures agreement on state while preserving privacy and performance. ✦ New to blockchain Learn core ideas related to selective disclosure, ZK proofs, commitments, and how Midnight is different. Start learning → ✦ Developer Install tools, scaffold an app, write a contract, and send a private transaction. Start building → ✦ Node operators and SPOs Run nodes, monitor health, validate blocks, and follow ops best practices. Operate nodes → ✦ Research and compliance Explore the runtime, proving system, transaction semantics, and audit paths. View architecture → Participate GitHub Explore repositories, track issues, and contribute to development. Contribute → Discord Chat with the team, get support, and join community calls. Join → YouTube Watch walkthroughs, deep dives, and recorded talks from the team. Watch → Hackathons Build on Midnight, learn from others, and showcase your projects. Build → Nightpaper Read about the architecture, proof system, and design principles. Read → Forum Discuss development, governance, and announcements with the community. Discuss → Dev Diaries Follow development updates, DevRel communication, and community stories. Read → Midnight Blog Read ecosystem news and major announcements. Read → Edit this page Last updated on Jan 5, 2026 © 2026 Input Output Global, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Resources Midnight Foundation Glacier Drop Careers Legal Cookie Policy Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Social | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
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https://dev.to/vishdevwork/react-interviews-the-skills-that-really-matter-44pk | React Interviews: The Skills That REALLY Matter - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Vishwajeet Kondi Posted on Nov 29, 2025 React Interviews: The Skills That REALLY Matter # react # interview # frontend # typescript After interviewing many React developers, I’ve realized that interviews aren’t about catching people off-guard or seeing what they don’t know. What I really want is to understand how someone thinks, how they approach problems, and how they’ve grown through their experiences. These are the areas I naturally pay attention to, not because I expect perfection, but because they give me a clearer picture of someone’s comfort level with real-world frontend development. 1. JavaScript Fundamentals: The First Filter Before I ask anything about React, I look for solid JavaScript fundamentals. Not trivia. Not trick questions. But questions that reveal understanding of: closures async/await & the event loop immutability objects vs references array/object manipulation Weak JavaScript always shows up later as weak React. Strong JS tells me the candidate can reason about UI behavior without stumbling into guesswork. 2. HTML & CSS Mastery: The Underestimated Skill A surprising number of candidates can’t structure accessible HTML or reason about CSS specificity. So I pay attention to: semantic markup flex/Grid awareness responsive thinking accessibility basics Because at the end of the day, React renders HTML and CSS—not magic. Their approach here reveals whether they can build interfaces that are clean, accessible, and production-ready. 3. React Fundamentals: Depth Over Definitions When I ask about reconciliation, controlled inputs, keys, or component composition, I’m not testing memory. I’m testing understanding . I want to see if candidates genuinely know why React behaves the way it does—not just that “it re-renders sometimes.” Clear reasoning here shows me they can prevent issues before they appear. 4. Hooks: The Real Difference-Maker Hooks expose a developer’s thought process instantly. So I probe their understanding of: dependency arrays stale closures memoization logic custom hooks for reusability The best candidates don’t just know how to use hooks—they know why hooks behave the way they do. Good hook explanations show they understand state, side effects, and component lifecycles on a deeper level. 5. State Management: Architectural Thinking This is where seniority becomes obvious. Strong candidates can explain: when to use Context vs Redux vs Zustand the difference between server state and client state caching strategies selectors and memoization Average candidates choose tools. Senior candidates justify them. Their choices here reveal their architectural maturity and thoughtfulness. 6. Deep Understanding of Their Own Project This is the biggest differentiator. I don’t want a tour of their GitHub. I want to see: how data flows in their app what patterns they use how they handle performance challenges how they break down large features why they made architectural decisions If someone can’t explain their own application clearly, I can immediately tell they weren’t involved deeply. The depth of their explanation tells me how involved they really were and how well they understand complex systems. 7. Performance Optimization: The Senior Signal I often ask questions like: “Why does this component re-render?” “How would you optimize this list?” “Where would memoization help—or hurt?” Great engineers don’t jump to useMemo blindly. They talk about causes , not just fixes . Their approach here shows whether they can keep an app fast, even at scale. 8. Architecture & Design Thinking I always look at how candidates: structure folders break down components avoid props drilling design for reusability handle side effects React is just a UI layer—architecture is the real skill. This part reveals how they operate inside large, evolving codebases. 9. TypeScript: The Modern Essential Most interviews now include TypeScript. I check whether candidates can: type props type hooks use utility types handle API responses safely I’m not looking for TS gurus. I’m looking for engineers who understand how TS reduces runtime bugs. Good TS habits tell me they write safer, more predictable UI code. 10. Async Logic & Real-World Scenarios This is where many candidates stumble. I want to hear how they handle: loading & error states retries and fallback UI parallel requests data caching (TanStack Query is a big plus) Suspense in modern React How they think about async workflows tells me whether they can build resilient user experiences. 11. Testing: The Sign of a Mature Engineer I listen for: understanding of React Testing Library mocking strategies testing asynchronous behavior testing components using context/hooks Tests say a lot about the engineer writing them. Their testing mindset shows how much they value long-term stability. 12. Awareness of React 19+ Even if they haven’t used it, awareness of: server components actions Suspense improvements transitions …shows they’re staying relevant. Staying updated tells me they’re committed to evolving with the ecosystem—not stuck in old patterns. Final Thoughts: What Truly Stands Out When you interview someone, you do not expect them to know everything. I certainly don’t know everything myself. What I appreciate most is: clarity reasoning technical humility strong fundamentals an ability to explain their decisions and real ownership of the projects they’ve built Those are the candidates who instantly stand out. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Vishwajeet Kondi Follow An engineer who learns something new every day, always eager to explore and share knowledge. Location 127.0.0.1 Joined Jul 29, 2024 More from Vishwajeet Kondi JSON Schema in the Wild: Real World Applications & HAL 🌍 # jsonschema # datavalidation # ajv # typescript JSON Schema with AJV: Implementation Deep Dive ⚡ # jsonschema # ajv # datavalidation # typescript Update JSON Schema: Your Data's New Best Friend 🛡️ # jsonschema # ajv # datavalidation # typescript 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/bingkahu/from-moths-to-microservices-a-comprehensive-history-of-coding-part-1-3a51#comments | From Moths to Microservices: A Comprehensive History of Coding: Part 1 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse bingkahu Posted on Jan 12 From Moths to Microservices: A Comprehensive History of Coding: Part 1 # programming # coding # discuss # software Seeds of Computation: From Binary Dreams to Ada’s Algorithm Introduction Before keyboards clicked and terminals blinked, before compilers argued and linters nagged, there were ideas—raw, audacious ideas about how thought itself could be mechanized. The history of coding doesn’t start with code; it starts with the intellectual scaffolding that made code possible. Binary wasn’t born in a lab—it was a philosophical stance. Logic wasn’t invented for circuits—it was invented to formalize reasoning. And the first “program” wasn’t written on a computer—it was imagined for a machine that didn’t yet exist. This section is a deep dive into the first era of coding history (1600s–1800s), where computation was more concept than artifact. We’ll wander through Leibniz’s binary dream, Boole’s algebra of thought, Babbage’s mechanical imagination, and Ada Lovelace’s visionary leap—the moment programming became more than arithmetic. Along the way, we’ll connect these ideas to the DNA of modern software, because the past isn’t just prologue—it’s the architecture beneath everything we build. Leibniz and the Binary Dream A philosopher sees the machine in the math In 1679, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz wrote about representing numbers using only two symbols: 0 and 1. It wasn’t just a clever encoding trick; for Leibniz, binary was metaphysical. He saw it as a reflection of creation—something from nothing, being from non-being. That philosophical framing matters, because it’s the reason binary stuck. Binary isn’t merely efficient; it’s elemental. Why binary won Simplicity: Two states—on/off, true/false—map cleanly to physical systems. Noise tolerance: Binary signals are resilient; small variations don’t change meaning. Universality: Any data—numbers, text, images, sound—can be represented as sequences of bits. Composability: Complex structures emerge from simple primitives (bits → bytes → words → files → systems). Binary is the ultimate compression of meaning. It’s the smallest alphabet that can still write everything. George Boole and the Algebra of Thought Logic becomes programmable In 1854, George Boole published An Investigation of the Laws of Thought . His goal was audacious: to formalize reasoning as algebra. He introduced operations like AND , OR , NOT , and XOR , and showed how they could model truth. He wasn’t building circuits—but he invented their language. Boolean operations in plain terms AND: True if both inputs are true. OR: True if at least one input is true. NOT: Inverts truth. XOR: True if inputs differ. These aren’t just abstract symbols—they’re the basis of every CPU. Every instruction, every branch, every comparison is Boolean logic in motion. A tiny truth table A B A AND B A OR B A XOR B NOT A 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 This table is the heartbeat of computing. Every conditional, every branch predictor, every pipeline hazard—somewhere underneath, it’s this. Charles Babbage and the Analytical Engine The first programmable machine—on paper In the 1830s, Charles Babbage designed the Analytical Engine , a mechanical computer powered by gears, levers, and punched cards. It was never fully built, but the design was revolutionary. It wasn’t a calculator—it was a general-purpose machine. The engine’s architecture The mill: A processing unit—like a CPU. The store: Memory—like RAM. Punched cards: Input—like programs and data. Printer: Output—like I/O devices. Babbage didn’t just imagine computation; he imagined programmable computation. He separated data from instructions. He introduced control flow. He designed a machine that could loop. Ada Lovelace: The First Programmer A visionary beyond arithmetic Working with Babbage, Ada Lovelace wrote notes describing how the Analytical Engine could calculate Bernoulli numbers. But she went further. She imagined machines manipulating symbols beyond numbers. She saw computers as creative tools. “The Analytical Engine weaves algebraic patterns just as the Jacquard loom weaves flowers and leaves.” Ada didn’t just write an algorithm—she wrote a philosophy of programming. She understood that computation was symbolic , not just numeric. She foresaw software. Programming as art Ada’s loom analogy wasn’t poetic fluff—it was a design principle. She saw patterns, composition, and structure. She understood that instructions could be woven into meaning. That’s software architecture. That’s design patterns. That’s abstraction. The Jacquard Loom and Punched Cards The first “programs” were textiles The Jacquard loom used punched cards to control weaving patterns. Each card encoded a row of instructions. Swap the cards, change the pattern. That’s modularity. That’s reusability. That’s versioning. Cards as code Data encoding: Holes represent binary states. Sequencing: Cards define order—like instruction streams. Modularity: Patterns are reusable—like libraries. The loom wasn’t a computer, but it was programmable. It taught the world that machines could follow symbolic instructions. Why This Era Matters The 1600s–1800s weren’t about writing code in the modern sense. They were about inventing the mental models that make code possible. Binary: The substrate of digital representation. Boolean logic: The grammar of computation. Programmable machines: The architecture of software. Symbolic manipulation: The leap from arithmetic to abstraction. Without these ideas, modern programming wouldn’t exist. They’re not trivia—they’re the foundation. Tangents, Anecdotes, and the Human Texture Leibniz built a mechanical calculator, the Stepped Reckoner , which could add, subtract, multiply, and divide. It foreshadowed programmable machines. Boole’s work was initially dismissed as abstract philosophy. It took decades before engineers realized its practical value. Babbage was notorious for abandoning projects. He designed multiple engines but never finished them. Ada Lovelace struggled against societal norms that discouraged women from mathematics. Her legacy is a testament to vision against odds. Closing the Chapter The first era of coding history is a story of seeds—ideas planted in philosophy, mathematics, and mechanical design. Binary gave us the alphabet. Boolean logic gave us grammar. The Analytical Engine gave us architecture. Ada Lovelace gave us narrative. These aren’t museum pieces. They’re living tools. They’re the reason your code compiles, your CPU branches, your data serializes, your systems scale. They’re the reason programming is more than arithmetic—it’s expression. Want Section 2? If you want me to continue into Section 2: The Dawn of Electronic Computing (1930s–1940s) —Alan Turing’s universal machine, ENIAC’s plugboard programming, the first “bug,” and the birth of assembly—say the word. If this resonates, show support, drop a comment, or share it. I’ll turn this into a full series that traces the arc from Ada’s algorithm to AI-assisted coding, with deep dives, code snippets, and the human stories that make it all feel alive. *Warning! Parts of this are AI-generated, check important info for mistakes. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse bingkahu Follow Full-stack developer focused on decentralized communication and privacy-centric web applications. Lead maintainer of CodeChat, an open-source peer-to-peer messaging platform built on WebRTC and PeerJS Education School Work Student Joined Jan 11, 2026 More from bingkahu Seeking Peer Connections for CodeChat P2P Testing # coding # github # watercooler # gamedev I let an AI with "20 years experience" architect my project and it was a disaster # github # opensource # ai # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/patil_sai/mastering-terraform-file-structure-from-chaos-to-clean-architecture-3oof#comments | Mastering Terraform File Structure – From Chaos to Clean Architecture - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Sainath Patil Posted on Nov 29, 2025 • Edited on Dec 5, 2025 Mastering Terraform File Structure – From Chaos to Clean Architecture # terraform # cleancode # devops # architecture When working with Infrastructure as Code (IaC), writing the resource definitions is only half the job. The other half, and often the more important part, is organizing your Terraform configuration so it's scalable, readable, and easy to maintain over time. Today, I focused on understanding and implementing Terraform file structure best practices, and here's a breakdown of everything I learned and applied. Why File Structure Matters in Terraform Terraform loads all .tf files in the current directory and merges them into a single configuration. The filenames don’t affect execution, but they have a massive impact on: Readability Collaboration within teams Debugging and maintenance Scaling configurations as infrastructure grows Recommended Terraform Project Structure project-root/ ├── backend.tf ├── provider.tf ├── variables.tf ├── locals.tf ├── main.tf ├── vpc.tf ├── security.tf ├── compute.tf ├── storage.tf ├── database.tf ├── outputs.tf ├── terraform.tfvars └── README.md Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Environment-Based Structure environments/ dev/ staging/ production/ modules/ shared/ Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Service-Based Structure infrastructure/ networking/ compute/ security/ storage/ data/ Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Conclusion Terraform isn’t just about creating infrastructure. It’s about creating maintainable infrastructure. A clean file structure is a superpower that helps teams collaborate efficiently and scale infrastructure reliably. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Sainath Patil Follow CSE student | Cloud & DevOps explorer ☁️ | Loves building stuff, fixing bugs (sometimes caused by me) 🐛 | Terminal vibes 🖥️ | Always curious, sometimes caffeinated ☕😄 Location Belagavi, Karnataka Education Computer Science Joined Jun 6, 2025 More from Sainath Patil Terraform Data Source # terraform # aws # devops # ai Terraform Functions # automation # devops # terraform Terraform: Conditional Expressions, Dynamic Blocks, and Splat Expressions # terraform # devops # aws # ai 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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This means that the last element added to the stack will be the first one to be removed. Imagine a stack of plates where you can only add or remove the top plate. In Python, you can implement a stack using a list , where you append elements to the list to push them onto the stack and use the .pop() method to remove them from the top. Stacks can be particularly useful in scenarios where you need to reverse items, backtrack operations, or manage a function call’s state, such as in recursive algorithms. Example Here’s a simple example of how you can use a list as a stack in Python: Python >>> stack = [] >>> # Pushing elements onto the stack >>> stack . append ( "a" ) >>> stack . append ( "b" ) >>> stack . append ( "c" ) >>> stack ['a', 'b', 'c'] >>> # Popping elements from the stack >>> stack . pop () 'c' >>> stack ['a', 'b'] In this example, elements are added to the stack using the .append() method and removed using .pop() . The stack initially has three elements, and after popping, the last added element ( "c" ) is removed first, illustrating the LIFO behavior. Related Resources Tutorial Python Stacks, Queues, and Priority Queues in Practice In this tutorial, you'll take a deep dive into the theory and practice of queues in programming. Along the way, you'll get to know the different types of queues, implement them, and then learn about the higher-level queues in Python's standard library. Be prepared to do a lot of coding. intermediate algorithms data-structures For additional information on related topics, take a look at the following resources: Python's deque: Implement Efficient Queues and Stacks (Tutorial) How to Implement a Python Stack (Tutorial) Implementing a Stack in Python (Course) By Leodanis Pozo Ramos • Updated Oct. 15, 2025 Python Glossary Share Feedback Learn Python Start Here Learning Resources Code Mentor Python Reference Python Cheat Sheet Support Center Courses & Paths Learning Paths Quizzes & Exercises Browse Topics Live Courses Books Community Podcast Newsletter Community Chat Office Hours Learner Stories Membership Plans & Pricing Team Plans For Business For Schools Reviews Company About Us Team Mission & Values Editorial Guidelines Sponsorships Careers Press Kit Merch Privacy Policy ⋅ Terms of Use ⋅ Security ⋅ Contact Happy Pythoning! © 2012–2026 DevCademy Media Inc. DBA Real Python. All rights reserved. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Golf Forem Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. 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https://dev.to/ble_voice/from-code-to-voice-the-kt148a-journey-5ch1 | From Code to Voice - The KT148A Journey! 🔄🔊 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Junluan Tsui Posted on Jun 30, 2025 From Code to Voice - The KT148A Journey! 🔄🔊 # opensource # beginners # tutorial # programming From Code to Voice - The KT148A Journey! 🔄🔊 Watch the full process: 1️⃣ Firmware download 2️⃣ Chip programming 3️⃣ Test board setup 4️⃣ Custom voice playback One chip = endless sound possibilities! VoiceTech #EmbeddedSystems #HardwareDIY What would YOU make it say? Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Junluan Tsui Follow Engineer, Developer, Researcher,who have been devoted to the research and development of products or projects related to Bluetooth chips, Bluetooth modules, voice chips, and voice modules for decades. Joined Jun 13, 2025 More from Junluan Tsui Culture&Tech meets ancient mysticism! # programming # chiptech # embeddedsystems # chipinnovation How to Make the Speaker Louder with the KT148A Voice Chip? Key Points Affecting Sound Volume # speakervolume # productimprovement # voicechip # programming Comprehensive Analysis of Jieli Chip Models and Functions: Selection Guide and Key Points # jlchip # bluetooth # voicechip # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://docs.github.com/en/desktop | GitHub Desktop documentation - GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Free, Pro, & Team Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar GitHub Desktop Home GitHub Desktop Overview About Get started Creating your first repository Supported OS Keyboard shortcuts Launching from the command line Install & authenticate Setup Installation Authentication About connections Updating Uninstalling Configure & customize Configuring Git Configure basic settings Configure default editor Set a theme About Git LFS Add & clone repositories Add a repository Add an existing project Clone & fork from Desktop Clone a GitHub repo Make changes in a branch Managing branches Commit & review changes Stashing changes View branch history Pushing changes Managing commits Options for managing commits Undoing a commit Resetting to a commit Amending a commit Reverting a commit Cherry-picking a commit Reordering commits Squashing commits Managing tags Checking out a commit Work with your remote repo Create an issue or PR Syncing your branch Viewing a pull request Viewing and re-running checks Configuring notifications Change the remote URL for a repository GitHub Desktop documentation With GitHub Desktop, you can interact with GitHub using a GUI instead of the command line or a web browser. You can use GitHub Desktop to complete most Git commands from your desktop, such as pushing to, pulling from, and cloning remote repositories, attributing commits, and creating pull requests, with visual confirmation of changes. Overview Quickstart Start here Creating your first repository using GitHub Desktop You can use GitHub Desktop to create and manage a Git repository without using the command line. Installing GitHub Desktop You can install GitHub Desktop on supported Windows or macOS operating systems. Authenticating to GitHub in GitHub Desktop You can securely access your account's resources on GitHub Desktop by authenticating to GitHub. Popular Cloning and forking repositories from GitHub Desktop You can use GitHub Desktop to clone and fork repositories that exist on GitHub. Managing branches in GitHub Desktop You can use GitHub Desktop to create a new branch off of an existing branch in your repository so you can safely experiment with changes. 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https://dev.to/extropy/an-analysis-of-arbitrage-markets-across-ethereum-solana-optimism-and-starknet-2024-2025-269i | An Analysis of Arbitrage Markets Across Ethereum, Solana, Optimism, and Starknet (2024-2025) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Erick Fernandez for Extropy.IO Posted on Dec 12, 2025 • Originally published at academy.extropy.io An Analysis of Arbitrage Markets Across Ethereum, Solana, Optimism, and Starknet (2024-2025) # analytics # ethereum # blockchain # web3 The maturation of public blockchains into global financial layers has fundamentally altered the nature of arbitrage. In the nascent years of DeFi arbitrage was a game of simple scripts and public mempools a competitive but largely amateur pursuit. By 2025, this activity has evolved into a hyper-specialised, institutional-grade industry that dictates the economic limits of blockchain scaling. MEV the total value that can be extracted from block production in excess of the standard block reward and gas fees, has become the dominant economic variable in the design and operation of these networks. In this article I want to analyse from technical and economic perspectives, the arbitrage landscapes on four distinct blockchain architectures: Ethereum Layer 1 Solana Optimism Starknet Each network represents a distinct "MEV Regime" a unique combination of consensus mechanisms, transaction ordering rules, and latency constraints that forces arbitrageurs to adopt radically different strategies. The analysis that follows is shaped by the following idea: The structure of the underlying chain largely determines the behaviour of the bot On Ethereum , the separation of proposers and builders has turned arbitrage into a sealed-bid auction for inclusion. On Solana , the lack of a mempool and the speed of block production have created a latency-sensitive streaming auction. On Optimism , the combination of low fees and centralised sequencing has incentivised a "spam-as-strategy" equilibrium. On Starknet , Zero-Knowledge proof generation times and a developing decentralisation roadmap create a temporary environment of slower, atomic a I have pulled together data and research from late 2024 and 2025, to quantify the number of active bots, their operational costs, and their expected profitability. I also explore the structural shift from "code is law" to "ordering is economy," where the ability to order transactions is the primary product being sold by validators and sequencers. The MEV Trilemma in 2025 Arbitrage strategies in the current market cycle are constrained by an "MEV Trilemma" that forces operators to optimise for two of three variables, often at the expense of the third. Execution Certainty : The probability that a transaction, once submitted, will be included in a block in the exact state required to capture profit. (High in Ethereum PBS; Low in Optimism FCFS). Capital Efficiency (Cost) : The ratio of profit to the cost of execution, including failed attempts and infrastructure overhead. (High in Solana; Low in Ethereum due to high gas/bribes). Latency Sensitivity : The speed required to identify and capture an opportunity before a competitor. (Critical in Solana and L2s; Less critical in Ethereum PBS due to bundle auctions). Lets dig into the structure of the chains to shed light on this behaviour Ethereum Layer 1: The Oligopoly of the Auction House Ethereum L1 remains the undisputed "heavyweight" arena of global arbitrage. While transaction volumes may be lower than high-throughput L1s or L2s, the value per transaction and the depth of liquidity create the largest absolute profit pool. However, the ecosystem has developed into a rigid hierarchy defined by Proposer-Builder Separation , where the "wild west" of priority gas auctions has been replaced by sophisticated supply chains. The Supply Chain Architecture: Builders, Relays, and Searchers To understand arbitrage on Ethereum in 2025, we must move away from the notion of the public mempool as the primary battleground. The vast majority of arbitrage transactions over 90% are now routed through private channels known as MEV-Boost. This system separates the role of the Proposer from the Builder. Searchers run the algorithms that detect price discrepancies. In 2025, searchers do not broadcast transactions to the public network. Instead, they submit "bundles"—atomic packages of transactions to builders. A bundle might contain a user's transaction followed immediately by the searcher's back run transaction. The searcher attaches a direct payment to the builder to this bundle. If the profit is say $100, the searcher might bid $90, keeping $10 as profit. This high "bid-to-profit" ratio is the defining characteristic of Ethereum arbitrage. Builders are the power brokers of the Ethereum network. They aggregate bundles from thousands of searchers and optimise them to create the most profitable block possible. The market for block building has become heavily centralised. Research indicates that by early 2025, the top two builders capture over 90% of block auctions. Relays are the trusted intermediaries that pass the block headers from builders to validators, ensuring that the validator cannot steal the MEV inside the block. This architecture means that for an arbitrage bot to be competitive on Ethereum, its primary "skill" is not just identifying the arbitrage opportunity, but correctly pricing the bribe. A bot that consistently underbids will never have its transactions included. A bot that overbids operates at a loss. Bot Population and Market Concentration Contrary to the popular image of thousands of bots competing for every trade, the viable professional arbitrage market on Ethereum is surprisingly small and concentrated. Empirical analysis of MEV searchers reveals that in any given week, the number of unique "core" entities, those consistently winning bids and generating significant profit, often does not exceed 20. This concentration is driven by the intense capital and technical barriers to entry. Capital Requirements : To win a bundle auction, a searcher must often hold significant inventory of assets to execute the trade atomically. Infrastructure Costs : While RPC costs might run $200-$500 monthly , the real cost is in the research and development of proprietary pricing models and simulation engines that allow a bot to bid 99% of the profit margin without going underwater. The Long Tail : While there are hundreds of active addresses attempting arbitrage, the vast majority are "peripheral" participants who capture sporadic, lower-value opportunities or operate strategies that do not require fighting for the top-of-block position. Profitability Analysis: The "Black Monday" Case Study The scale of profits on Ethereum can be staggering during periods of volatility, but these windfalls are captured by a select few. A look at the market turmoil on August 5, 2024 ("Black Monday"), provides a granular view of potential earnings. On this single day, a specific builder labelled MEV Builder 0x3b secured 1,448 ETH in rewards, valued at approximately $3.5 million at the time. This revenue was not generated by a single trade but by constructing blocks containing massive liquidations and arbitrage opportunities. Liquidation Efficiency : In Block 20459000, a liquidation event sent 358.7 ETH ($802,000) to the builder. Arbitrage Integration : Following this liquidation, an arbitrage bot executed a trade that paid 36 ETH to the builder. This illustrates the "food chain" nature of Ethereum MEV. The arbitrage bot (the Searcher) likely made a gross profit significantly higher than 36 ETH, but it was forced to pay that 36 ETH to the builder to ensure its transaction was included. The builder, in turn, paid a portion of that to the validator. The searcher's net profit is the remainder. Data from ESMA and EigenPhi supports this, suggesting that searchers often pay more than 90% of their revenue to proposers. Strategic Nuances: Sandwiching vs. Atomic Arb Two primary strategies dominate the Ethereum landscape in 2025: Atomic Arbitrage : The simultaneous buying and selling of an asset across different venues (e.g., Uniswap vs. SushiSwap) within a single transaction. This is risk-free in terms of market movement but carries execution risk (gas costs if the bundle fails, though Flashbots protects against this). Sandwich Attacks : This controversial strategy involves placing a transaction before and after a victim's pending trade. Despite improved user protections (like RPCs that hide transactions from the public mempool), sandwiching remains highly profitable. Sophisticated bots continue to exploit users who set high slippage tolerances on DEXs. However, the "low-hanging fruit" has diminished, forcing bots to target more complex, multi-hop trades. Infrastructure Costs and Operational Overhead Running a competitive arbitrage operation on Ethereum is capital intensive compared to other chains. Gas Fees : The primary operating cost. Even with Layer 2 scaling, L1 gas fees can range from $5 to $50 per transaction during congestion, and significantly higher during "gas wars". Node Infrastructure : Competitive searchers run their own nodes or pay for premium, low-latency RPC services. The cost for a dedicated Ethereum node setup can range from hundreds to thousands of dollars monthly depending on the provider and the level of geographic distribution required. Simulation : Successful bots run complex off-chain simulations of the Ethereum state to calculate the exact outcome of a trade before submitting the bundle. This requires substantial compute power, adding to the monthly burn rate. Solana: The High-Frequency Trading Floor If Ethereum is an auction house, Solana is a high-frequency trading floor. The network's architecture characterised by 400ms block times, the absence of a public mempool, and a unique "Leader Schedule" creates a fundamentally different environment for arbitrageurs. Between 2024 and 2025, Solana underwent a radical transformation from a network plagued by spam to one disciplined by the Jito auction mechanism. The Gulf Stream and The Leader Schedule Unlike Ethereum, where transactions wait in a mempool to be picked up, Solana forwards transactions directly to the "Leader" the specific validator scheduled to produce the next block. This protocol, known as Gulf Stream, eliminates the global mempool and theoretically reduces latency. However, in the absence of a fee market, this design historically encouraged "spam as a service." Arbitrage bots would flood the Leader with thousands of duplicate transaction requests, hoping that one would be processed first. This often caused network congestion and outages. The Jito Revolution: Ordering as a Product The introduction and widespread adoption of the Jito-Solana client has been the single most significant development in Solana's MEV ecosystem. By early 2025, validators running Jito software control over 92% of the network stake. Jito creates an out-of-protocol auction mechanism similar to Flashbots but optimised for Solana's speed. Bundles : Searchers submit bundles of transactions with a guaranteed tip. The Auction : Jito's Block Engine simulates these bundles and forwards the most profitable ones to the validator. Spam Reduction : Because the auction happens off-chain and only the winning bundle is submitted, the incentive to spam the network is drastically reduced for Jito-connected validators. The economic impact has been profound. In April 2023, Jito tips accounted for only ~10% of priority fees. By early 2025, they exceed 60%, indicating that professional arbitrageurs have almost entirely migrated to this auction model. Bot Ecology: The "Whales" of Solana The Solana arbitrage market is dominated by a few hyper-active entities. On-chain forensic analysis has identified specific bot addresses that capture massive market share. The "E6Y" Bot Case Study: One specific bot, identified by the address prefix E6YoRP..., has been observed capturing 42% of the entire sandwich attack volume on Solana. Volume : In a single 30-day period, this bot executed trades worth over $1.6 billion. Revenue : The bot generated a gross revenue of 57,400 SOL. Costs : It paid 2.8 SOL in transaction fees and a staggering 7,980 SOL in Jito tips. Net Profit : The operation netted approximately 49,400 SOL, which translates to roughly $300,000 per day at the relevant market prices. Other Major Players: The second-largest bot (89Ny...) processed $433 million in volume (11.2% market share). The third-largest (B91...) processed $277 million (7.2% market share). Another case study of the B91 sandwich bot showed it extracting 7,800 SOL in gross profit over 30 days, victimising nearly 78,800 retail traders. These figures illustrate a "power law" distribution where the top 3 bots control over 60% of the market. This concentration is likely due to the extreme technical difficulty of building low-latency infrastructure that can compete in 400ms block times. Aggregate Market Statistics Broader market data confirms the scale of arbitrage on Solana. Transaction Count : Jito's detection algorithms identified over 90 million successful arbitrage transactions over a one-year period ending in 2025. Total Profit : These transactions generated $142.8 million in profits. Average Profit : The average profit per arbitrage transaction is significantly lower than Ethereum, sitting at just $1.58. This confirms the "high frequency, low margin" nature of Solana MEV compared to Ethereum's "low frequency, high margin" model. Infrastructure and Costs Running a competitive Solana bot is less about gas costs and more about hardware and connectivity. RPC Costs : High-performance, dedicated RPC nodes are a prerequisite. Providers like RPC Fast, Triton One, and Helius offer dedicated nodes ranging from $1,800 to $3,800 per month. Co-location : The most sophisticated searchers co-locate their servers in the same data centres as major validators to shave milliseconds off transmission time. Geyser Plugins : Advanced bots use "Geyser Plugins" to subscribe directly to account updates from the validator, bypassing the standard RPC overhead entirely. Optimism and The Superchain: The Paradox of "Spam-Based Arbitrage" The arbitrage landscape on Optimism, and the broader "Superchain" ecosystem (including Base), presents a fascinating economic paradox in 2025. While these networks are designed to be efficient and low-cost, the very cheapness of their block space—combined with a centralised sequencing model—has birthed a "spam-as-strategy" equilibrium. The "Priority Fails" Phenomenon A groundbreaking research paper titled "When Priority Fails" provides the definitive analysis of arbitrage behaviour on Optimistic Rollups in 2025. The research uncovers a counterintuitive reality: The Mechanism : Optimism uses a single centralised sequencer that orders transactions on a First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) basis (with some priority fee nuances). The Incentive : The Dencun upgrade (EIP-4844) drastically reduced the cost of posting data to L1, making L2 transactions incredibly cheap (fractions of a cent). The Strategy : Instead of building complex bidding systems to win a specific slot (like on Ethereum), arbitrage bots find it cheaper to simply flood the sequencer with duplicate transactions. If a bot wants to capture an arb, it might send the same transaction 50 times. It doesn't matter if 49 fail; the cost of failure is negligible compared to the potential profit. Quantifying the Spam The data on this phenomenon is stark. Revert Rates : Following the Dencun upgrade, the rate of reverted transactions on L2s spiked from under 5% to over 10%. Composition : 80% of these reverted transactions are swaps, and 50% target USDC-WETH pools on Uniswap v3/v4. This confirms that the reverts are not user errors but failed arbitrage attempts. Concentration : The spam is not evenly distributed. On Base, a key member of the Optimism Superchain, just two searcher entities were responsible for more than 80% of all spam. Sequencer Revenue and the "Invisible Tax" While this spam congests the network for users, it is highly profitable for the network operators. Revenue Capture : The centralised sequencer collects fees for every transaction, successful or failed. Reverted transactions contribute disproportionately to sequencer revenue. On Base, reverts generate roughly 20-25% of total priority fee revenue. Welfare Transfer : This dynamic represents a transfer of welfare from users (who experience slower networks) and unsuccessful searchers (who burn fees) to the Optimism Collective and Base. Bot Profitability and Market Structure Volume vs. Users : On-chain analysis of Optimism reveals a "tale of two metrics." Transaction counts have surged to all-time highs (1.88 million daily), while active address counts have remained stagnant at ~63,000. This divergence is a clear signal that the network's growth is being driven by bot activity rather than organic user adoption. Profit Margins : The barriers to entry for this strategy are incredibly low. Any developer with a script can spam the sequencer. This leads to a "race to the bottom" where margins are compressed to the point where the profit of the arb barely exceeds the cost of the spam. Unlike the oligopoly of Ethereum or the "whale" dominance of Solana, Optimism is a chaotic arena of high-volume, low-margin grinders. Base Revenue Contribution The revenue generated by this activity flows back to the Optimism Collective. In October 2025, Base contributed 44.8% of the total revenue obtained by the Optimism Collective (244.9 ETH), while other chains contributed 13.8%. This highlights how critical the high-volume arbitrage economy on Base is to the sustainability of the broader Superchain. Starknet: The ZK Frontier Starknet represents the frontier of arbitrage, operating under the constraints of a Zero-Knowledge Rollup architecture. The MEV landscape here is nascent, constrained by centralised sequencing and longer confirmation times, but is poised for radical change as the network decentralises. Unique Constraints: The Validity Proof Bottleneck Arbitrage on Starknet differs fundamentally from Optimism or Solana due to the mechanics of validity proofs. Prover Latency : Transactions must be proven valid before they are finalised on L1. While "soft finality" on L2 is faster, the overall cadence of the network is different. FCFS Ordering : Like Optimism, Starknet currently uses a centralised sequencer with First-Come-First-Served ordering. No Mempool : Starknet does not have a public mempool. Transactions are sent blindly to the sequencer. This makes "sandwiching" difficult because a bot cannot see a victim's transaction in a pool and insert its own around it. Dominant Strategy: Atomic Arbitrage and "MAV" With sandwich attacks largely neutered by the architecture, the dominant strategy is pure Atomic Arbitrage (DEX-DEX or CEX-DEX). Cross-Domain Opportunities : Bots monitor price discrepancies between Starknet AMMs (like Ekubo and Nostra) and centralised exchanges (CEXs). Because Starknet blocks are slower than a CEX order book, there is significant "stale" pricing on-chain that bots can exploit. Maximal Arbitrage Value (MAV) : Researchers are using a new metric called MAV to quantify these opportunities, specifically looking at the lag between CEX price movements and AMM updates. Ecosystem Growth and Barriers Technical Barrier : The requirement to interact with Cairo smart contracts creates a moat. Standard Solidity bots cannot be simply copy-pasted onto Starknet; they must be rewritten, often requiring a deep understanding of the Cairo VM. Growth : Despite these barriers, the ecosystem is expanding. Starknet grew from 72 to 193 user-centric projects in 2024, a 168% increase. Bot Population : The active bot population is significantly smaller than the other chains, numbering in the dozens rather than the hundreds. However, as liquidity deepens, this is expected to change. The Decentralisation Roadmap (2025-2026) The most critical factor for Starknet's MEV future is its roadmap. Staking v2/v3 : Planned for late 2025, these upgrades will decentralise the sequencer and introduce a consensus mechanism. MEV Market Emergence : As the single sequencer is replaced by a network of validators, an MEV market will inevitably emerge to manage ordering. Whether this takes the form of an auction (like Jito) or a different mechanism will determine the future profitability of bots on the network. Comparative Synthesis: Metrics and Outlook To visualise the stark differences between these ecosystems, the following data synthesise the key metrics derived from the research. Comparative Metrics Table (2024-2025) Metric Ethereum L1 Solana Optimism (Superchain) Starknet Est. Monthly MEV Revenue ~$180 Million ~$45 Million Undisclosed (High Sequencer Revenue) Developing / Niche Dominant Strategy Bundle Auctions (99% Success) Stream Auctions & Latency Probabilistic Spam (High Fail Rate) Atomic Arbitrage (Latency) Active "Core" Bots <20 Entities (Oligopoly) Top 3 Bots = ~60% Market High Concentration (2 entities = 80% spam) Specialised / Low Count Top Bot Earnings (Est.) Millions/Day (Outliers) ~$300k/Day (Top Sandwicher) Volume-driven, thin margins Moderate / Lower Liquidity Avg. Profit Per Arb High (\$100s - \$1000s) Low (~$1.58) Cents (offset by spam cost) Moderate Primary Cost Driver Bribes to Builders (90%+ of Rev) Jito Tips + Hardware Gas for Failed Txs Proving/Gas Fees Infrastructure Cost High (\$200-\$500 RPC + R&D) Very High (\$1.8k-\$3.8k RPC) Low Moderate The Strategic Landscape Ethereum is a "Whale's Game": The market is mature, calcified, and expensive. Success requires deep relationships with builders and massive capital. The "alpha" here is in complex, multi-block strategies and off-chain hedging. Solana is a "High-Frequency Trader's Game": It is the closest analogue to traditional finance (TradFi) markets. Success is determined by hardware, co-location, and the efficiency of the bidding algorithm in the Jito auction. The volume is massive (90M+ arbs/year), but the per-trade margin is razor-thin. Optimism is a "Spammer's Game": It is a chaotic, unregulated market where the lack of an efficient auction mechanism forces participants to engage in wasteful behaviour. It is the most accessible market for new entrants but arguably the least efficient. Starknet is the "Frontier": It offers the highest potential for "informational alpha" due to the technical barriers of Cairo and the ZK architecture, but lacks the deep liquidity of the other chains. Future Outlook: The Convergence? As we look toward late 2025 and 2026, the distinctions may blur. Cross-Chain MEV : The rise of cross-chain bridges and unified liquidity layers (like LayerZero) is creating a new class of arbitrage that spans these networks. Bots are already beginning to arb the price difference between Solana (fast) and Ethereum (liquid). Solution to Spam : The unsustainable nature of the spam on Optimism and Base will likely force the adoption of "Shared Sequencing" or decentralised auction mechanisms similar to Flashbots, bringing order to the chaos. Institutionalisation : Across all chains, the trend is clear. The solo developer is being squeezed out by capitalised firms that can afford the $3,000/month RPC nodes, the co-location fees, and the specialised engineering talent required to compete in a market where margins are measured in basis points and milliseconds. In conclusion Arbitrage in 2025 is not a story of code, but of market structure. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Design Community Close Design Follow Hide More than just making things look nice... Create Post Older #design posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 235 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu What my dining table and my cat showed me about human attention Metehan Altuntekin Metehan Altuntekin Metehan Altuntekin Follow Jan 5 What my dining table and my cat showed me about human attention # design # uxdesign # behavior 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Top 5 Miro Plugins for Designers in 2025 Ethan Ethan Ethan Follow Dec 29 '25 Top 5 Miro Plugins for Designers in 2025 # design # productivity # miro # resources 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Stop Screenshotting! 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad ALi Abd Alwahed Posted on Jan 3 AI Orchestration: The Microservices Approach to Large Language Models # ai # microservices # architecture # machinelearning Stop Asking “Which AI is Best?” Start Asking “How Do I Orchestrate Them?” As engineers building AI systems in 2025, we’re witnessing a fundamental shift in how we approach artificial intelligence integration. The question is no longer “Should I use GPT, Claude, or Gemini?” but rather “How do I orchestrate multiple specialized models to build robust AI systems?” This article explores why AI orchestration is the future of intelligent systems and how to implement it effectively. The Monolithic AI Fallacy Remember when we built monolithic applications? Everything in one massive codebase, tightly coupled, hard to scale, and impossible to maintain. Then microservices revolutionized software architecture by breaking systems into specialized, independent services. We’re at that exact inflection point with AI systems. The industry has been caught in a trap: comparing models head-to-head as if one must reign supreme. “GPT-5 beats Claude!” or “Claude is better at coding!” These comparisons miss the point entirely. The Reality Check No single model excels at everything. Each Large Language Model (LLM) has been optimized for different tasks, trained on different data, and architected with different trade-offs. Trying to find one “best” model is like trying to find the one “best” database — it doesn’t exist because the answer depends on your use case. The 2025 AI Landscape: Specialized Models for Specialized Tasks Let’s break down the current state of leading AI models and their sweet spots: Claude (Sonnet 4.5 / Opus 4) Strengths: Complex code generation: Claude excels at understanding intricate codebases and generating sophisticated solutions Long-context processing: With context windows up to 200K tokens, it handles extensive documents and conversations Technical depth: Superior performance on tasks requiring deep technical understanding Best for: Software development and code review Technical documentation analysis Long-form content creation Complex reasoning chains GPT-5 (OpenAI) Strengths: Advanced reasoning: Exceptional at multi-step logical reasoning and problem decomposition Mathematical prowess: Superior performance on mathematical and scientific tasks Analytical depth: Strong at breaking down complex problems into structured solutions Best for: Scientific research and analysis Mathematical problem-solving Strategic planning and decision-making Educational tutoring Gemini 3 Flash (Google) Strengths: Speed: Fastest inference times among major models Cost-effectiveness: Significantly lower costs per token Real-time capabilities: Optimized for streaming and interactive applications Best for: Customer service chatbots Real-time translation High-volume, low-complexity tasks Mobile and edge applications Open Source (LLaMA 3, DeepSeek, Mixtral) Strengths: Privacy: Complete data control with local deployment Customization: Fine-tune for specific domains and use cases Cost control: No per-token fees for self-hosted deployments Compliance: Meet strict regulatory requirements Best for: Healthcare and financial services Government and defense applications Proprietary research Specialized domain adaptation Introducing AI Orchestration AI Orchestration is the practice of intelligently routing tasks to the most appropriate model based on the requirements of each specific task. Think of it as a conductor leading an orchestra — each instrument (model) plays its part when needed to create a harmonious result. The Architecture User Request ↓ [Request Analyzer] ↓ [Routing Logic] ↓ ┌────────┬────────┬────────┬────────┐ │ Claude │ GPT │ Gemini │ Local │ │ │ │ │ Model │ └────────┴────────┴────────┴────────┘ ↓ [Response Aggregator] ↓ Final Response Key Components Request Classification: Analyze incoming requests to determine: Complexity level Domain (code, math, general, etc.) Latency requirements Privacy sensitivity Cost constraints Intelligent Routing: Direct each request to the optimal model based on: Model capabilities and benchmarks Current load and availability Cost optimization rules Privacy and compliance requirements Response Handling: Process model outputs through: Validation and quality checks Format standardization Error handling and fallbacks Caching for efficiency Feedback Loop: Continuously improve routing decisions based on: Response quality metrics User satisfaction scores Performance analytics Cost tracking Implementation Patterns Pattern 1: Task-Based Routing Route based on the nature of the task: def route_request(task): if task.type == "code_generation": return claude_api elif task.type == "math_problem": return gpt_api elif task.type == "quick_query": return gemini_api elif task.is_sensitive_data: return local_model Pattern 2: Cascading Intelligence Start with faster/cheaper models, escalate to more powerful ones: def cascading_request(query): response = gemini_api.query(query) if response.confidence < 0.7: response = gpt_api.query(query) if response.confidence < 0.9: response = claude_api.query(query) return response Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Pattern 3: Parallel Processing with Consensus Query multiple models and aggregate results: async def consensus_query(question): responses = await asyncio.gather( claude_api.query(question), gpt_api.query(question), gemini_api.query(question) ) return aggregate_responses(responses) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Pattern 4: Specialized Pipelines Chain models for complex workflows: def content_pipeline(raw_data): # Fast extraction structured_data = gemini_api.extract(raw_data) # Deep analysis insights = gpt_api.analyze(structured_data) # Technical implementation code = claude_api.generate_code(insights) return code Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Real-World Use Cases Case Study 1: Customer Support Platform Challenge: Handle 10,000+ daily support tickets with varying complexity Solution: Gemini Flash: Handle 80% of simple queries (password resets, status checks) GPT-5: Process 15% of medium complexity issues (troubleshooting, explanations) Claude Opus: Resolve 5% of complex technical problems (bug analysis, system integration) Results: 70% cost reduction compared to single-model approach 40% faster average response time 25% improvement in customer satisfaction Case Study 2: Healthcare AI Assistant Challenge: Provide medical information while maintaining HIPAA compliance Solution: Local LLaMA model: Process all patient data on-premises Claude: Generate detailed medical documentation GPT-5: Analyze research papers and clinical guidelines Gemini: Handle appointment scheduling and basic queries Results: Full HIPAA compliance with local data processing Comprehensive medical knowledge through specialized routing Scalable system handling 100K+ monthly interactions Case Study 3: Development Environment Challenge: Create an AI coding assistant that handles diverse tasks Solution: Claude: Primary code generation and review GPT-5: Explain complex algorithms and architectural decisions DeepSeek: Fast code completion and suggestions Gemini: Quick documentation lookups Results: 60% increase in developer productivity Better code quality through specialized review Reduced API costs by 50% Benchmarking and Evaluation To build effective AI orchestration, you need reliable benchmarks. Here are the essential resources: LMSYS Chatbot Arena URL: https://lmarena.ai The most comprehensive community-driven benchmark, featuring: Head-to-head model comparisons Real user evaluations Category-specific rankings (coding, math, creative writing) Regular updates with new models Artificial Analysis URL: https://artificialanalysis.ai Focuses on practical metrics: Response speed comparisons Cost per token analysis Context window capabilities Quality-price ratio evaluations Open LLM Leaderboard URL: https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard Become a member Essential for open-source models: Standardized evaluation metrics Academic benchmarks (MMLU, HellaSwag, TruthfulQA) Model size and efficiency data Fine-tuning information Key Metrics to Track When orchestrating models, monitor these metrics: Task Success Rate: Percentage of successfully completed tasks per model Latency: Response time from request to completion Cost Per Task: Total API costs divided by number of requests Quality Score: User satisfaction or automated quality metrics Error Rate: Failed requests or low-confidence responses Token Efficiency: Average tokens used per successful task Building Your Orchestration Layer Step 1: Define Your Use Cases Map out all AI tasks in your application: What types of requests do you handle? What are the complexity levels? What are your latency requirements? What are your cost constraints? What are your privacy requirements? Step 2: Establish Baseline Benchmarks Test each potential model on your actual workload: Create a representative test set (100+ examples) Measure quality, speed, and cost for each model Identify each model’s strengths and weaknesses Document decision rules Step 3: Implement Smart Routing Start simple, iterate complex: class AIOrchestrator: def init (self): self.models = { 'claude': ClaudeAPI(), 'gpt': OpenAIAPI(), 'gemini': GeminiAPI(), 'local': LocalModel() } self.router = RequestRouter() def process(self, request): # Classify request classification = self.router.classify(request) # Select optimal model model_name = self.router.select_model(classification) model = self.models[model_name] # Execute with fallback try: response = model.generate(request) self.log_metrics(model_name, request, response) return response except Exception as e: return self.fallback_chain(request, [model_name]) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 4: Monitor and Optimize Implement comprehensive observability: Log every request and response Track costs in real-time Monitor quality metrics A/B test routing rules Continuously refine your decision logic Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them Pitfall 1: Over-Engineering Problem: Building overly complex routing logic from day one Solution: Start with simple rules based on task type, add complexity only when data shows it’s needed Pitfall 2: Ignoring Costs Problem: Not tracking per-request costs until the bill arrives Solution: Implement cost tracking from day one, set budgets per model, use caching aggressively Pitfall 3: No Fallback Strategy Problem: Single point of failure when primary model is down or rate-limited Solution: Always have 2–3 fallback models configured with automatic failover Pitfall 4: Static Routing Rules Problem: Set routing rules once and never update them Solution: Regularly review performance data, update rules based on new benchmarks, adapt to model improvements Pitfall 5: Neglecting Privacy Problem: Sending sensitive data to external APIs without proper safeguards Solution: Classify data sensitivity, use local models for sensitive data, implement proper data anonymization The Economics of AI Orchestration Cost Optimization Strategies Tiered Routing: Use cheaper models for simpler tasks Gemini Flash: $0.10 per 1M tokens Claude Sonnet: $3.00 per 1M tokens Claude Opus: $15.00 per 1M tokens Caching: Store and reuse responses for common queries Reduce API calls by 40–60% Sub-millisecond response times Minimal infrastructure costs Batch Processing: Group similar requests for efficiency 10–30% cost reduction through batching Better resource utilization Improved throughput Hybrid Deployment: Mix cloud and local models Zero marginal cost for local inference Control over data and privacy Backup during API outages ROI Analysis For a typical application processing 1M requests/month: Single Model Approach (Claude Opus only): Cost: ~$15,000/month Average latency: 3 seconds Quality: 95% Orchestrated Approach: Cost: ~$6,000/month (60% reduction) Average latency: 1.5 seconds (50% faster) Quality: 96% (through specialized routing) Break-even: Immediate positive ROI Future Trends in AI Orchestration Automated Model Selection ML models that learn optimal routing decisions: Reinforcement learning for routing optimization Automatic A/B testing of model combinations Adaptive cost-quality trade-offs Specialized Model Ecosystems More domain-specific models emerging: Legal-specific models Medical-specific models Financial analysis models Code-only models Edge AI Orchestration Extending orchestration to edge devices: On-device models for privacy Cloud models for complex tasks Intelligent data sync Multimodal Orchestration Routing across different modalities: Text models for language tasks Vision models for image analysis Audio models for speech processing Code models for development Getting Started Today Immediate Actions Audit Your Current AI Usage What models are you using? What are your costs? What are your pain points? Benchmark Alternatives Test 2–3 models on your actual workload Compare quality, speed, and cost Identify clear winners for specific tasks Implement Simple Routing Start with if-else rules Add logging and metrics Iterate based on data Set Up Monitoring Track costs per model Measure response quality Monitor latency Resources for Learning More Technical Documentation: Claude API: https://docs.claude.com OpenAI API: https://platform.openai.com/docs Google AI: https://ai.google.dev/docs Community Resources: r/LocalLLaMA for open-source models HuggingFace forums for model discussions AI engineering blogs and newsletters Tools and Frameworks: LangChain for orchestration LiteLLM for unified APIs Helicone for observability Conclusion: The Orchestrated Future The question “Which AI is best?” is becoming as outdated as “Which database is best?” The answer is always: it depends on your use case. The future of AI systems is orchestration. Just as modern software architecture embraces microservices, API gateways, and polyglot persistence, modern AI systems must embrace model diversity, intelligent routing, and specialized capabilities. The engineers who will build the most successful AI products aren’t the ones who pick the “best” model — they’re the ones who know how to orchestrate multiple models into cohesive, efficient, and powerful systems. Start thinking like an orchestra conductor, not a solo performer. The baton is in your hands. What will you create? About Benchmarking Resources Throughout this article, I’ve referenced three critical benchmarking platforms that should be part of every AI engineer’s toolkit: LMSYS Chatbot Arena (lmarena.ai): Community-driven, real-world evaluations Artificial Analysis (artificialanalysis.ai): Cost and performance metrics Open LLM Leaderboard (huggingface.co): Academic benchmarks and open-source focus These platforms are continuously updated as new models are released. Make checking them a regular part of your development workflow. BTLM Have you implemented AI orchestration in your systems? Share your experiences in the comments below! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad ALi Abd Alwahed Follow Experienced Software Engineer specializing in the recruitment field, with a robust background in software engineering and SAAS products. Proficient in utilizing Laravel for backend development Location Amman , Jordan Education UOP Work Software Engineer Joined Apr 30, 2023 More from Mohammad ALi Abd Alwahed I Built a PDF Chat App in Under an Hour Using RAG- Here's How You Can Too # rag # langchain # python # ai 🚀 PlainAid: Real-Time AI Text Simplifier Built with Elixir & Phoenix LiveView # elixir # phoenix # ai # opensource 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/veritaschain/ed25519-merkle-tree-uuidv7-building-tamper-proof-decision-logs-o1e#comments | Ed25519 + Merkle Tree + UUIDv7 = Building Tamper-Proof Decision Logs - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse VeritasChain Standards Organization (VSO) Posted on Dec 13, 2025 Ed25519 + Merkle Tree + UUIDv7 = Building Tamper-Proof Decision Logs # blockchain # security # architecture # python TL;DR : This article shows how to combine three cryptographic primitives—Ed25519 signatures, Merkle trees, and UUIDv7 identifiers—to create an immutable audit trail for AI and algorithmic systems. Full Python implementation included. The Problem: AI Decisions at the Speed of Light Your trading algorithm just made 10,000 decisions in the last second. Your ML model approved 500 loan applications. Your autonomous system executed a critical maneuver. Now someone asks: "What exactly happened at 14:32:07.847?" Can you prove: What decision was made? When it was made (with cryptographic certainty)? That nothing was altered after the fact? Traditional logging fails here. Database records can be modified. Timestamps can be forged. Log files can be edited. When AI systems operate faster than human comprehension, we need something stronger than "trust us." We need cryptographic proof . The Three Pillars Let's build a tamper-proof audit trail using three battle-tested primitives: Primitive Purpose Standard UUIDv7 Time-ordered unique identifiers RFC 9562 Hash Chain Tamper-evident linking SHA-256 Ed25519 Digital signatures RFC 8032 Merkle Tree Efficient batch verification RFC 6962 Each solves a specific problem. Together, they create an unbreakable chain of evidence. Pillar 1: UUIDv7 — Time-Ordered Identity UUIDv7 (defined in RFC 9562) embeds a 48-bit Unix timestamp in milliseconds directly into the identifier. This gives us: Lexicographic sorting = chronological sorting Embedded temporal proof independent of any timestamp field Uniqueness without central coordination import uuid import time def generate_uuidv7 () -> str : """ Generate a UUIDv7 identifier with embedded timestamp. """ # Current time in milliseconds timestamp_ms = int ( time . time () * 1000 ) # UUIDv7 structure: # - 48 bits: timestamp (ms) # - 4 bits: version (7) # - 12 bits: random # - 2 bits: variant # - 62 bits: random # Using Python 3.12+ built-in (or uuid7 package for earlier versions) return str ( uuid . uuid7 ()) # Example output: "019234ab-cdef-7000-8123-456789abcdef" # ^^^^^^^^ timestamp embedded here Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Why this matters : If someone claims an event happened at time T, but the UUIDv7 embedded timestamp says T+5 minutes, we have cryptographic evidence of timestamp manipulation. def extract_timestamp_from_uuidv7 ( uuid_str : str ) -> int : """ Extract the embedded millisecond timestamp from a UUIDv7. """ uuid_hex = uuid_str . replace ( " - " , "" ) # First 48 bits (12 hex chars) contain the timestamp timestamp_ms = int ( uuid_hex [: 12 ], 16 ) return timestamp_ms def detect_timestamp_anomaly ( event_id : str , claimed_timestamp_ms : int , threshold_ms : int = 5000 ) -> bool : """ Detect if claimed timestamp diverges from UUIDv7 embedded timestamp. """ embedded_ts = extract_timestamp_from_uuidv7 ( event_id ) drift = abs ( embedded_ts - claimed_timestamp_ms ) return drift > threshold_ms Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Pillar 2: Hash Chains — Tamper-Evident Linking Every event includes the hash of the previous event, creating an unbreakable chain: Event₁ → H(Event₁) → Event₂ → H(Event₂) → Event₃ → ... ↓ ↓ prev_hash prev_hash Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If anyone modifies Event₁ after the fact, the hash changes, which breaks the link to Event₂, which breaks the link to Event₃... The tampering is instantly detectable. import hashlib import json # Genesis hash: 64 zeros (256 bits) GENESIS_HASH = " 0 " * 64 def canonicalize_json ( obj : dict ) -> str : """ RFC 8785 JSON Canonicalization. - Lexicographic key ordering - No whitespace - Specific number formatting """ return json . dumps ( obj , sort_keys = True , separators = ( " , " , " : " ), ensure_ascii = False ) def compute_event_hash ( header : dict , payload : dict , prev_hash : str , algo : str = " sha256 " ) -> str : """ Compute event hash following VCP specification. hash = H(canonical(header) || canonical(payload) || prev_hash) """ canonical_header = canonicalize_json ( header ) canonical_payload = canonicalize_json ( payload ) # Concatenate components data = f " { canonical_header }{ canonical_payload }{ prev_hash } " . encode ( " utf-8 " ) if algo == " sha256 " : return hashlib . sha256 ( data ). hexdigest () elif algo == " sha3_256 " : return hashlib . sha3_256 ( data ). hexdigest () else : raise ValueError ( f " Unsupported algorithm: { algo } " ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Chain validation is straightforward: def validate_chain ( events : list [ dict ]) -> tuple [ bool , str ]: """ Validate the integrity of an event chain. Returns (is_valid, error_message). """ if not events : return True , " Empty chain " # First event must reference genesis hash first_event = events [ 0 ] if first_event [ " security " ][ " prev_hash " ] != GENESIS_HASH : return False , " Genesis event has incorrect prev_hash " # Verify each subsequent event for i in range ( 1 , len ( events )): current = events [ i ] previous = events [ i - 1 ] # Recompute previous event's hash expected_prev_hash = compute_event_hash ( previous [ " header " ], previous [ " payload " ], previous [ " security " ][ " prev_hash " ] ) # Verify linkage if current [ " security " ][ " prev_hash " ] != expected_prev_hash : return False , f " Chain broken at event { i } : prev_hash mismatch " # Verify current event's own hash computed_hash = compute_event_hash ( current [ " header " ], current [ " payload " ], current [ " security " ][ " prev_hash " ] ) if current [ " security " ][ " event_hash " ] != computed_hash : return False , f " Event { i } hash mismatch: content was modified " return True , " Chain valid " Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Pillar 3: Ed25519 Signatures — Authenticity and Non-Repudiation Hash chains prove integrity (nothing was modified), but they don't prove who created the record. That's where digital signatures come in. Ed25519 (RFC 8032) provides: 256-bit security with 64-byte signatures Fast signing and verification (~25,000 ops/sec on commodity hardware) Deterministic signatures (same input always produces same output) from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ed25519 import ( Ed25519PrivateKey , Ed25519PublicKey ) from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization class EventSigner : """ Ed25519 signer for VCP events. """ def __init__ ( self , private_key : Ed25519PrivateKey = None ): self . private_key = private_key or Ed25519PrivateKey . generate () self . public_key = self . private_key . public_key () def get_public_key_hex ( self ) -> str : """ Export public key as hex string. """ public_bytes = self . public_key . public_bytes ( encoding = serialization . Encoding . Raw , format = serialization . PublicFormat . Raw ) return public_bytes . hex () def sign_event ( self , event_hash : str ) -> str : """ Sign an event hash and return hex-encoded signature. """ signature = self . private_key . sign ( bytes . fromhex ( event_hash )) return signature . hex () @staticmethod def verify_signature ( public_key_hex : str , event_hash : str , signature_hex : str ) -> bool : """ Verify an event signature. """ try : public_key = Ed25519PublicKey . from_public_bytes ( bytes . fromhex ( public_key_hex ) ) public_key . verify ( bytes . fromhex ( signature_hex ), bytes . fromhex ( event_hash ) ) return True except Exception : return False Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Pillar 4: Merkle Trees — Efficient Batch Verification For high-throughput systems generating millions of events, we need efficient proofs. Merkle trees (RFC 6962, from Certificate Transparency) let us: Batch many events under a single root hash Prove inclusion of any single event without revealing others Anchor to external systems (blockchain, timestamp authority) Root Hash / \ Hash01 Hash23 / \ / \ Hash0 Hash1 Hash2 Hash3 | | | | Event0 Event1 Event2 Event3 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode import hashlib from typing import Optional # RFC 6962 leaf/node prefixes LEAF_PREFIX = b ' \x00 ' NODE_PREFIX = b ' \x01 ' def merkle_leaf_hash ( data : bytes ) -> bytes : """ Compute RFC 6962 leaf hash. """ return hashlib . sha256 ( LEAF_PREFIX + data ). digest () def merkle_node_hash ( left : bytes , right : bytes ) -> bytes : """ Compute RFC 6962 internal node hash. """ return hashlib . sha256 ( NODE_PREFIX + left + right ). digest () class MerkleTree : """ RFC 6962 compliant Merkle tree for event batching. """ def __init__ ( self , event_hashes : list [ str ]): self . leaves = [ merkle_leaf_hash ( bytes . fromhex ( h )) for h in event_hashes ] self . tree = self . _build_tree ( self . leaves ) self . root = self . tree [ - 1 ][ 0 ] if self . tree else None def _build_tree ( self , leaves : list [ bytes ]) -> list [ list [ bytes ]]: """ Build complete Merkle tree from leaves. """ if not leaves : return [] tree = [ leaves ] current_level = leaves while len ( current_level ) > 1 : next_level = [] for i in range ( 0 , len ( current_level ), 2 ): left = current_level [ i ] # Handle odd number of nodes right = current_level [ i + 1 ] if i + 1 < len ( current_level ) else left next_level . append ( merkle_node_hash ( left , right )) tree . append ( next_level ) current_level = next_level return tree def get_root_hex ( self ) -> str : """ Get Merkle root as hex string. """ return self . root . hex () if self . root else "" def get_proof ( self , index : int ) -> list [ dict ]: """ Get inclusion proof for event at index. Returns list of {hash, position} for verification. """ if index >= len ( self . leaves ): raise IndexError ( " Event index out of range " ) proof = [] idx = index for level in self . tree [: - 1 ]: # Exclude root level if len ( level ) == 1 : break # Determine sibling if idx % 2 == 0 : # Left node sibling_idx = idx + 1 if idx + 1 < len ( level ) else idx position = " right " else : # Right node sibling_idx = idx - 1 position = " left " proof . append ({ " hash " : level [ sibling_idx ]. hex (), " position " : position }) idx //= 2 return proof @staticmethod def verify_proof ( event_hash : str , proof : list [ dict ], root_hash : str ) -> bool : """ Verify a Merkle inclusion proof. """ current = merkle_leaf_hash ( bytes . fromhex ( event_hash )) for step in proof : sibling = bytes . fromhex ( step [ " hash " ]) if step [ " position " ] == " left " : current = merkle_node_hash ( sibling , current ) else : current = merkle_node_hash ( current , sibling ) return current . hex () == root_hash Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Putting It All Together: The VCP Event Structure Here's the complete event model combining all four primitives: from dataclasses import dataclass , field from datetime import datetime , timezone from typing import Optional import uuid import time @dataclass class VCPEvent : """ Complete VCP event with cryptographic security. """ # Header event_id : str = field ( default_factory = lambda : str ( uuid . uuid7 ())) trace_id : str = "" # Links related events (e.g., order lifecycle) timestamp_int : str = "" # Nanoseconds as string (precision preservation) timestamp_iso : str = "" # RFC 3339 format event_type : str = "" # SIG, ORD, EXE, etc. event_type_code : int = 0 timestamp_precision : str = " MILLISECOND " clock_sync_status : str = " NTP_SYNCED " hash_algo : str = " SHA256 " # Domain fields venue_id : str = "" symbol : str = "" account_id : str = "" # Payload (domain-specific) payload : dict = field ( default_factory = dict ) # Security prev_hash : str = GENESIS_HASH event_hash : str = "" signature : str = "" signer_id : str = "" def __post_init__ ( self ): if not self . timestamp_int : now_ns = int ( time . time () * 1_000_000_000 ) self . timestamp_int = str ( now_ns ) if not self . timestamp_iso : self . timestamp_iso = datetime . now ( timezone . utc ). isoformat () if not self . trace_id : self . trace_id = self . event_id def to_header_dict ( self ) -> dict : return { " event_id " : self . event_id , " trace_id " : self . trace_id , " timestamp_int " : self . timestamp_int , " timestamp_iso " : self . timestamp_iso , " event_type " : self . event_type , " event_type_code " : self . event_type_code , " timestamp_precision " : self . timestamp_precision , " clock_sync_status " : self . clock_sync_status , " hash_algo " : self . hash_algo , " venue_id " : self . venue_id , " symbol " : self . symbol , " account_id " : self . account_id , } def compute_hash ( self ) -> str : """ Compute and store event hash. """ self . event_hash = compute_event_hash ( self . to_header_dict (), self . payload , self . prev_hash , algo = self . hash_algo . lower () ) return self . event_hash def sign ( self , signer : EventSigner ) -> str : """ Sign the event hash. """ if not self . event_hash : self . compute_hash () self . signature = signer . sign_event ( self . event_hash ) self . signer_id = signer . get_public_key_hex () return self . signature def to_dict ( self ) -> dict : """ Export complete event as dictionary. """ return { " header " : self . to_header_dict (), " payload " : self . payload , " security " : { " prev_hash " : self . prev_hash , " event_hash " : self . event_hash , " signature " : self . signature , " signer_id " : self . signer_id , } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Complete Example: Logging a Trade Decision def demo_trade_logging (): """ Demonstrate complete tamper-proof logging workflow. """ # Initialize signer signer = EventSigner () print ( f " Signer Public Key: { signer . get_public_key_hex ()[ : 32 ] } ... " ) events = [] prev_hash = GENESIS_HASH # Event 1: Signal Generated (AI decision) signal_event = VCPEvent ( event_type = " SIG " , event_type_code = 1 , venue_id = " BINANCE " , symbol = " BTC/USDT " , account_id = " ALGO_001 " , prev_hash = prev_hash , payload = { " signal_type " : " LONG " , " confidence " : " 0.847 " , # String for precision " model_version " : " v2.3.1 " , " decision_factors " : { " rsi_14 " : { " value " : " 28.5 " , " weight " : " 0.3 " }, " macd_signal " : { " value " : " -0.0023 " , " weight " : " 0.25 " }, " sentiment_score " : { " value " : " 0.72 " , " weight " : " 0.2 " }, } } ) signal_event . compute_hash () signal_event . sign ( signer ) events . append ( signal_event ) prev_hash = signal_event . event_hash print ( f " \n ✅ Signal Event " ) print ( f " ID: { signal_event . event_id } " ) print ( f " Hash: { signal_event . event_hash [ : 32 ] } ... " ) # Event 2: Order Submitted order_event = VCPEvent ( event_type = " ORD " , event_type_code = 2 , trace_id = signal_event . trace_id , # Link to signal venue_id = " BINANCE " , symbol = " BTC/USDT " , account_id = " ALGO_001 " , prev_hash = prev_hash , payload = { " trade_data " : { " order_id " : " ORD-20241201-001 " , " side " : " BUY " , " order_type " : " LIMIT " , " price " : " 43250.50 " , " quantity " : " 0.1 " , } } ) order_event . compute_hash () order_event . sign ( signer ) events . append ( order_event ) prev_hash = order_event . event_hash print ( f " \n ✅ Order Event " ) print ( f " ID: { order_event . event_id } " ) print ( f " Links to: { order_event . trace_id } " ) # Event 3: Execution exec_event = VCPEvent ( event_type = " EXE " , event_type_code = 5 , trace_id = signal_event . trace_id , venue_id = " BINANCE " , symbol = " BTC/USDT " , account_id = " ALGO_001 " , prev_hash = prev_hash , payload = { " trade_data " : { " order_id " : " ORD-20241201-001 " , " execution_id " : " EXE-20241201-001 " , " execution_price " : " 43251.25 " , " executed_qty " : " 0.1 " , " commission " : " 0.00043251 " , " slippage " : " 0.75 " , } } ) exec_event . compute_hash () exec_event . sign ( signer ) events . append ( exec_event ) print ( f " \n ✅ Execution Event " ) print ( f " Slippage: { exec_event . payload [ ' trade_data ' ][ ' slippage ' ] } USDT " ) # Validate chain event_dicts = [ e . to_dict () for e in events ] is_valid , message = validate_chain ( event_dicts ) print ( f " \n 🔗 Chain Validation: { message } " ) # Create Merkle tree for batch anchoring event_hashes = [ e . event_hash for e in events ] merkle = MerkleTree ( event_hashes ) print ( f " \n 🌳 Merkle Root: { merkle . get_root_hex ()[ : 32 ] } ... " ) # Generate proof for the order event proof = merkle . get_proof ( 1 ) # Index 1 = order event is_included = MerkleTree . verify_proof ( order_event . event_hash , proof , merkle . get_root_hex () ) print ( f " Order event inclusion verified: { is_included } " ) return events , merkle # Run the demo if __name__ == " __main__ " : demo_trade_logging () Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Output: Signer Public Key: 7a8b9c0d1e2f3a4b5c6d7e8f9a0b1c2d... ✅ Signal Event ID: 019234ab-cdef-7000-8123-456789abcdef Hash: a1b2c3d4e5f6a7b8c9d0e1f2a3b4c5d6... ✅ Order Event ID: 019234ab-cdf0-7000-8124-567890abcdef Links to: 019234ab-cdef-7000-8123-456789abcdef ✅ Execution Event Slippage: 0.75 USDT 🔗 Chain Validation: Chain valid 🌳 Merkle Root: f1e2d3c4b5a6f7e8d9c0b1a2f3e4d5c6... Order event inclusion verified: True Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Detecting Tampering Let's see what happens when someone tries to modify history: def demo_tamper_detection (): """ Show how tampering is detected. """ events , _ = demo_trade_logging () event_dicts = [ e . to_dict () for e in events ] # Attacker tries to change the execution price print ( " \n 🚨 Simulating tampering... " ) original_price = event_dicts [ 2 ][ " payload " ][ " trade_data " ][ " execution_price " ] event_dicts [ 2 ][ " payload " ][ " trade_data " ][ " execution_price " ] = " 43200.00 " # Fake better price # Validate chain is_valid , message = validate_chain ( event_dicts ) print ( f " Chain valid: { is_valid } " ) print ( f " Detection: { message } " ) # Restore and try more subtle tampering event_dicts [ 2 ][ " payload " ][ " trade_data " ][ " execution_price " ] = original_price # Attacker tries to change the timestamp print ( " \n 🚨 Attempting timestamp manipulation... " ) event_dicts [ 1 ][ " header " ][ " timestamp_int " ] = " 1700000000000000000 " # Earlier timestamp # UUIDv7 reveals the lie event_id = event_dicts [ 1 ][ " header " ][ " event_id " ] claimed_ts = int ( event_dicts [ 1 ][ " header " ][ " timestamp_int " ]) // 1_000_000 # ns to ms anomaly = detect_timestamp_anomaly ( event_id , claimed_ts ) print ( f " Timestamp anomaly detected: { anomaly } " ) demo_tamper_detection () Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Output: 🚨 Simulating tampering... Chain valid: False Detection: Event 2 hash mismatch: content was modified 🚨 Attempting timestamp manipulation... Timestamp anomaly detected: True Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Why This Matters: Real-World Applications 1. AI Audit Compliance The EU AI Act (Article 12) mandates automatic logging for high-risk AI systems. This architecture provides cryptographic proof of compliance. 2. Algorithmic Trading MiFID II requires firms to maintain accurate, tamper-proof records of algorithmic decisions. Hash chains satisfy this requirement. 3. Autonomous Systems When an AI makes a critical decision, stakeholders need verifiable evidence of exactly what happened—not just what someone claims happened. 4. Dispute Resolution In any dispute, cryptographic proofs are far more compelling than database records that could have been modified. Going Further This implementation covers the core concepts. Production systems should also consider: External anchoring : Periodically anchor Merkle roots to public blockchains or RFC 3161 timestamp authorities Key management : HSMs for private key protection Post-quantum migration : Ed25519 will eventually need replacement with CRYSTALS-Dilithium Crypto-shredding : GDPR compliance via encrypted payloads with destroyable keys Resources RFC 9562: UUIDv7 RFC 8032: Ed25519 RFC 6962: Certificate Transparency RFC 8785: JSON Canonicalization VeritasChain Protocol Specification What tamper-proof systems are you building? Drop a comment below 👇 Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse VeritasChain Standards Organization (VSO) Follow Developing global cryptographic standards for algorithmic & AI-driven trading. Maintainer of VeritasChain Protocol (VCP) — a tamper-evident audit layer designed for MiFID II, EU AI Act, and next-gener Location Tokyo, Japan Joined Dec 7, 2025 More from VeritasChain Standards Organization (VSO) The Grok Scandal Proves AI Needs Cryptographic Audit Trails—Not Just Content Moderation # ai # security # opensource Why Your Trading Algorithm Needs a Flight Recorder: Lessons from the 2025 Market Chaos # fintech # cryptography # security # algorithms Building the World's First Edge-Deployed Cryptographic Audit Trail for Algorithmic Trading # cloudflarechallenge # security # fintech # opensource 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/tahael/nvme-vs-sata-vps-real-world-performance-explained-50j9 | NVMe vs SATA VPS: Real-World Performance Explained - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Taha Posted on Dec 30, 2025 NVMe vs SATA VPS: Real-World Performance Explained # cloudcomputing # devops # performance When choosing a VPS, many providers advertise NVMe storage as a major performance advantage. But what does that really mean in practice? And does NVMe always deliver the performance people expect? In this article, I’ll explain the real-world difference between NVMe and SATA , how VPS providers implement storage, and what you should actually look for when evaluating performance. What Is NVMe and Why Is It Faster? NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) is a modern storage protocol designed specifically for SSDs. Unlike SATA, which was originally built for HDDs, NVMe communicates directly over PCIe lanes. Theoretical Comparison Feature SATA SSD NVMe SSD Interface SATA III PCIe Max Speed ~550 MB/s 3,000–7,000 MB/s Latency Higher Extremely low IOPS Limited Very high On paper, NVMe is many times faster than SATA. But here’s the important part 👇 Why NVMe VPS Performance Often Doesn’t Match Expectations In VPS environments, storage performance depends on more than just the disk type. Key Factors: Storage controller limits Hypervisor configuration I/O throttling Shared node resource allocation Queue depth limits Many providers use NVMe hardware but cap throughput at the virtualization layer to ensure node stability. That means: You may be on NVMe hardware but still experience SATA-like speeds. This is common in budget or shared VPS infrastructures. How to Verify Real Disk Performance If you’re running Linux, you can test real disk speed using: fio --name = test --size = 1G --rw = readwrite --bs = 1M --numjobs = 1 --iodepth = 1 --runtime = 30 --time_based --direct = 1 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Typical Results SATA-like performance: ~400–550 MB/s True NVMe performance: 1,500+ MB/s If your VPS claims NVMe but stays below ~600 MB/s, it’s likely limited at the hypervisor level. What Actually Matters More Than Raw Speed In real-world hosting usage, these factors often matter more than raw MB/s: CPU steal time I/O consistency Disk latency Network throughput Node load A well-optimized NVMe VPS with fair resource allocation will outperform an oversold “high-speed” plan every time. Choosing the Right VPS Provider When evaluating VPS providers, don’t just look at “NVMe” in marketing pages. Look for: Transparent performance limits Real benchmarks Clear CPU and I/O policies Consistent uptime Honest specifications Some providers, such as HostedFly publicly document their infrastructure and focus on real-world performance rather than marketing labels. Final Thoughts NVMe is a powerful technology — but only when implemented correctly. If you care about performance: Test before trusting claims Look for consistency, not peak numbers Avoid providers that hide technical limits Understanding what’s under the hood will save you both money and frustration. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Taha Follow Investigative journalist writer Location Türkiye Joined Jan 25, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot Tech Stack Lessons from scaling 20x in a year # webdev # docker # devops # startup How I Built an AI Terraform Review Agent on Serverless AWS # aws # terraform # serverless # devops I Replaced Redis with PostgreSQL (And It's Faster) # postgres # redis # database # performance 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Golf Forem Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. 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In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Golf Forem — A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Golf Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where hackers, sticks, weekend warriors, pros, architects and wannabes come together Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://openfeature.dev/ecosystem?instant_search%5BrefinementList%5D%5Bvendor%5D%5B0%5D=Tggl | Ecosystem | OpenFeature Skip to main content Check out our KubeCon NA '25 recap, and our new training course! Docs Specification Ecosystem Community Support & Training Tutorials Blog Search Sections Docs Specification Community Tutorials Community BlueSky Twitter LinkedIn Join us on Slack YouTube More GitHub Trademarks © 2026 OpenFeature is a Cloud Native Computing Foundation incubating project | Documentation Distributed under CC BY 4.0 | All Rights Reserved | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://dev.to/guidelines-for-ai-assisted-articles-on-dev#the-dev-community-guidelines-for-aiassisted-and-generated-articles | Guidelines for AI-assisted Articles on DEV - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Guidelines for AI-assisted Articles on DEV This guide was last updated by the DEV Team on April 8th 2024 and is based on the post, Guidelines for AI-assisted Articles on DEV . While there is nuance as far as what it means for a post to be assisted by AI, we care most that the author of the post is able to stand by the information they are sharing. We encourage the use of AI experimentation with the appropriate disclosure, while wholly discouraging the use of these tools to prolifically generate content which has not been scrutinized prior to publication. The DEV Community Guidelines for AI-Assisted and -Generated Articles AI-assisted and -generated articles are allowed on DEV Community, so long as they follow these guidelines: AI-assisted and -generated articles should… Be created and published in good faith , meaning with honest, sincere, and harmless intentions. Disclose the fact that they were generated or assisted by AI in the post, either upfront using the tag #ABotWroteThis or at any point in the article’s copy (including right at the end). - For example, a conclusion that states “Surprise, this article was generated by ChatGPT!” or the disclaimer “This article was created with the help of AI” would be appropriate. Ideally add something to the conversation regarding AI and its capabilities. Tell us your story of using the tool to create content, and why! Be checked for factual accuracy before publishing. (This guideline was suggested by @chihuahuaux via Twitter . Thanks!) AI-assisted and -generated articles should not… Promote any business, program, or course (including your own). Be published with the intent to confuse , deceive , or bamboozle its readers. Be published with the main purpose of building a personal brand, building a social media presence, or gaining clout. Contain educational content or information generated by AI because you, the human author, did not already know it to some degree. AI is great for assistance with English syntax for a variety of reasons, but if you don’t already know or understand the concept you’re writing about, please do not rely on the machine to “know” it for you. Commenting Guidelines In order to support a strong sense of human community on the site, we ask that you not use bots or AI to generate comments on posts, whether the post was published by you or another community member. The exceptions to this rule are basic translation and grammar/syntax improvement tools, such as Google Translate, Grammarly, or any tool used for Assistive Technology (AT) purposes. If you notice a mistake or bad practice in a post that is disclosed to be AI-generated or -assisted, we encourage you to call it out (kindly, of course!). The following actions may result in suspension or a ban: Publishing any article with the intent to harm or scam its readers. Publishing any article with the main purpose of soliciting money. Publishing any article with the main purpose of building backlinks to increase the search engine optimization (SEO) of another site. The two exceptions to this are: (1) a backlink to a personal blog, or (2) a backlink to a company blog IF the article has been shared under that company’s organization on DEV. Publishing any article that is directly plagiarized, knowingly or unknowingly . Our guidelines may continue to evolve and are open for scrutiny. At the end of the day, we expect good faith community activity, and that all authors are able to stand behind the purpose and accuracy of their content. How to Report Offending Content We ask that you DO NOT publicly confront or question members for creating content that you believe to be written with AI assistance but not following our guidelines. Doing so, may result in us warning or suspending your DEV account. Instead, when you come across offending posts, we ask that you please report them via our abuse report from here . When you report offenders, provide details about why you believe they are violating our guidelines. For instance, you can tell us how you came to the conclusion you did (i.e. you ran their work through https://www.zerogpt.com/ and it said the likelihood of the post being generated by ChatGPT is 95%) — we will take all information provided into account. As for offenders, we will decide the severity of the offense, what disciplinary action is necessary (if any), and how to remediate the issue. We have ways of lowering visibility on posts if needed and can add #abotwrotethis to someone's post as well if they refuse to add the necessary disclosure. We also have the ability to lower the visibility of all of someone's posts if they make a habit of regularly posting works that disobey our guidelines. We also offer the ability for community members to block other community members. So, if you have reported someone who you believe to be regularly violating our AI Guidelines, you can go ahead and take action to block them so that you won't see their writing in your fee anymore. To do so, just navigate to the user's profile page and click on the ... menu in the corner, then select block. Thank you! If you have questions or feedback about our approach, we encourage you to contact us via support@dev.to . If you believe that someone isn't following these guidelines, please don't hesitate to report them to us via our Report Abuse page . Also, if you want to help enforce the Code of Conduct, you might consider becoming a DEV moderator. Visit the DEV Community Moderation page for more information on roles and how to get involved. Thanks! 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://openfeature.dev/ecosystem?instant_search%5BrefinementList%5D%5Bvendor%5D%5B0%5D=Prefab | Ecosystem | OpenFeature Skip to main content Check out our KubeCon NA '25 recap, and our new training course! Docs Specification Ecosystem Community Support & Training Tutorials Blog Search Sections Docs Specification Community Tutorials Community BlueSky Twitter LinkedIn Join us on Slack YouTube More GitHub Trademarks © 2026 OpenFeature is a Cloud Native Computing Foundation incubating project | Documentation Distributed under CC BY 4.0 | All Rights Reserved | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://openfeature.dev/ecosystem?instant_search%5BrefinementList%5D%5Bvendor%5D%5B0%5D=Flagsmith | Ecosystem | OpenFeature Skip to main content Check out our KubeCon NA '25 recap, and our new training course! Docs Specification Ecosystem Community Support & Training Tutorials Blog Search Sections Docs Specification Community Tutorials Community BlueSky Twitter LinkedIn Join us on Slack YouTube More GitHub Trademarks © 2026 OpenFeature is a Cloud Native Computing Foundation incubating project | Documentation Distributed under CC BY 4.0 | All Rights Reserved | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://dev.to/labontese/building-a-regulatory-compliant-accessibility-scanner-from-wcag-to-legal-compliance-38an#building-a-regulatorycompliant-accessibility-scanner-from-wcag-to-legal-compliance | Building a Regulatory-Compliant Accessibility Scanner: From WCAG to Legal Compliance - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Labontese Posted on Jan 11 Building a Regulatory-Compliant Accessibility Scanner: From WCAG to Legal Compliance # webdev # react # a11y # typescript Building a Regulatory-Compliant Accessibility Scanner: From WCAG to Legal Compliance Most accessibility tools tell you what's wrong . But when regulators come knocking, they don't ask "Did you fix the color contrast?" — they ask "Are you compliant with EN 301 549 clause 9.1.4.3?" This guide walks you through three open-source packages I built to bridge that gap: from technical WCAG validation to legal compliance reporting, with ready-to-use React components that are accessible by default. The Problem We're Solving Here's a typical accessibility tool output: ❌ color-contrast: Elements must have sufficient color contrast ratio Expected: 4.5:1, Actual: 3.2:1 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode But here's what a compliance auditor needs: ❌ WCAG 2.1 Success Criterion 1.4.3 (Level AA) EN 301 549 Reference: 9.1.4.3 Swedish DOS-lagen: 12 § Lag (2018:1937) Risk Level: HIGH Remediation: Increase foreground/background contrast to minimum 4.5:1 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Let's build this. The Three Packages Package Purpose npm @holmdigital/engine Accessibility scanner + CLI @holmdigital/standards Regulatory mapping database @holmdigital/components Accessible React components Part 1: The Quick Win — CLI Scanning Install and scan any website in seconds: npx hd-a11y-scan https://your-website.com --lang en --ci Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Output: 🔍 Scanning https://your-website.com... ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ HolmDigital Regulatory Accessibility Report ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Score: 72/100 Violations: 4 critical, 8 serious, 12 moderate ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ CRITICAL: Missing form labels ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 📋 WCAG 2.1: 1.3.1 (Level A) 📋 EN 301 549: 9.1.3.1 📋 Section 508: 1194.22(n) ⚠️ Risk: CRITICAL 💡 Fix: Associate each input with a <label> element using the 'for' attribute matching the input's 'id'. 📍 Elements affected: - <input type="email" class="newsletter-input"> - <input type="text" class="search-box"> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode CLI Options # Generate PDF report npx hd-a11y-scan https://example.com --pdf report.pdf # Mobile viewport npx hd-a11y-scan https://example.com --viewport mobile # Swedish language output npx hd-a11y-scan https://example.com --lang sv # JSON for CI/CD pipelines npx hd-a11y-scan https://example.com --json > results.json Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Part 2: Programmatic Integration For deeper integration, use the scanner programmatically: import { RegulatoryScanner , setLanguage } from ' @holmdigital/engine ' ; // Set language context (affects rule descriptions) setLanguage ( ' en ' ); async function auditWebsite ( url : string ) { const scanner = new RegulatoryScanner ({ url , failOnCritical : true , // Throws if critical issues found viewport : { width : 1920 , height : 1080 } }); try { const result = await scanner . scan (); console . log ( ` ✅ Accessibility Score: ${ result . score } /100 📊 Total Issues: ${ result . violations . length } ⚠️ Critical: ${ result . violations . filter ( v => v . risk === ' critical ' ). length } ` ); // Group by WCAG criterion const byWcag = result . violations . reduce (( acc , v ) => { const key = v . wcagCriterion ; acc [ key ] = ( acc [ key ] || []). concat ( v ); return acc ; }, {}); return { score : result . score , byWcag }; } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Critical accessibility violations found! ' ); process . exit ( 1 ); } } // Usage auditWebsite ( ' https://your-site.com ' ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Real-World Example: GitHub Actions Integration name : Accessibility Audit on : pull_request : branches : [ main ] jobs : a11y-scan : runs-on : ubuntu-latest steps : - uses : actions/checkout@v4 - name : Setup Node uses : actions/setup-node@v4 with : node-version : ' 20' - name : Install & Build run : | npm ci npm run build npm run start & sleep 5 - name : Run Accessibility Scan run : npx hd-a11y-scan http://localhost:3000 --ci --lang en Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This fails the PR if any critical accessibility violations are found. Part 3: The Standards Database The real magic is in the regulatory mapping. Here's how it works under the hood: import { getEN301549Mapping , getRulesByLanguage } from ' @holmdigital/standards ' ; // Get the EN 301 549 mapping for a WCAG criterion const mapping = getEN301549Mapping ( ' 1.4.3 ' ); console . log ( mapping ); // { // wcagCriterion: '1.4.3', // wcagLevel: 'AA', // en301549Clause: '9.1.4.3', // description: 'Contrast (Minimum)', // risk: 'high', // remediation: { // description: 'Ensure text has a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1', // technicalGuidance: 'Use CSS to adjust foreground or background colors...' // } // } // Get all rules for a specific language/region const swedenRules = getRulesByLanguage ( ' sv ' ); const usRules = getRulesByLanguage ( ' en-us ' ); // Each rule includes national law references console . log ( swedenRules [ 0 ]. nationalLaw ); // { // name: 'DOS-lagen', // reference: 'Lag (2018:1937) 12 §', // description: 'Lagen om tillgänglighet till digital offentlig service' // } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Supported Regulations Language Regulation Coverage en EN 301 549, WCAG 2.1 EU Generic en-us Section 508, ADA United States en-ca AODA Canada en-gb PSBAR United Kingdom sv DOS-lagen Sweden de BITV 2.0 Germany fr RGAA France nl Digitoegankelijk Netherlands es UNE 139803 Spain Part 4: Accessible React Components Stop reinventing the wheel. These components handle ARIA, focus management, and keyboard navigation for you: import { Button , FormField , Dialog , Heading , SkipLink } from ' @holmdigital/components ' ; function ContactForm () { const [ isOpen , setIsOpen ] = useState ( false ); return ( <> { /* Skip link for keyboard users */ } < SkipLink href = "#main-content" > Skip to main content </ SkipLink > < main id = "main-content" > { /* Semantic headings with enforced hierarchy */ } < Heading level = { 1 } > Contact Us </ Heading > < form > { /* Auto-generated labels, error states, ARIA */ } < FormField label = "Email Address" type = "email" required autoComplete = "email" helpText = "We'll never share your email." error = { emailError } /> < FormField label = "Message" type = "textarea" required minLength = { 10 } /> { /* Accessible button with loading state */ } < Button variant = "primary" type = "submit" loading = { isSubmitting } > Send Message </ Button > </ form > { /* Focus-trapped modal dialog */ } < Dialog open = { isOpen } onClose = { () => setIsOpen ( false ) } title = "Message Sent" > < p > Thank you! We'll respond within 24 hours. </ p > < Button onClick = { () => setIsOpen ( false ) } > Close </ Button > </ Dialog > </ main > </> ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode What's Handled Automatically Feature Component WCAG Criterion Focus trapping Dialog , Modal 2.4.3 Escape to close Dialog , Modal 2.1.2 Label association FormField 1.3.1 Error announcement FormField 3.3.1 Heading hierarchy Heading 1.3.1 Skip navigation SkipLink 2.4.1 Visible focus All components 2.4.7 Color contrast All components 1.4.3 The Development Story Why I Built This I was working with a Swedish agency that needed to prove compliance with DOS-lagen (Sweden's digital accessibility law). Standard tools gave them WCAG violations, but auditors wanted EN 301 549 clause references with Swedish legal context. Existing solutions were either: Too technical (WCAG-only, no legal mapping) Too expensive (enterprise SaaS pricing) Too manual (consultants doing spreadsheet mappings) Architecture Decisions 1. Monorepo Structure packages/ ├── engine/ # Scanner + CLI (depends on standards) ├── standards/ # Regulatory database (no deps) └── components/ # React UI library (no deps) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Each package is independently publishable but designed to work together. 2. Build Tooling We use tsup for building because: Single config for CJS, ESM, and DTS Fast builds (Rollup under the hood) Tree-shakeable output // tsup.config.ts export default { entry : [ ' src/index.ts ' ], format : [ ' cjs ' , ' esm ' ], dts : true , clean : true } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Exports Configuration A lesson learned the hard way — always put types first: { "exports" : { "." : { "types" : "./dist/index.d.ts" , "import" : "./dist/index.mjs" , "require" : "./dist/index.js" } } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If types comes after import , some bundlers won't find your TypeScript definitions. 4. i18n Architecture All user-facing strings are externalized: // src/i18n/index.ts import en from ' ../locales/en.json ' ; import sv from ' ../locales/sv.json ' ; // ... other locales let currentLang = ' en ' ; export function setLanguage ( lang : string ) { if ( locales [ lang ]) { currentLang = lang ; } } export function t ( key : string ): string { return locales [ currentLang ][ key ] ?? key ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Getting Started Install # CLI scanning (no install needed) npx hd-a11y-scan https://your-site.com # For programmatic use npm install @holmdigital/engine # For React components npm install @holmdigital/components # For regulatory database only npm install @holmdigital/standards Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Quick Integration Checklist Add CI scanning to catch regressions Replace form components with accessible versions Add skip links for keyboard navigation Generate PDF reports for compliance documentation What's Next [ ] Browser extension for on-page scanning [ ] VS Code extension for inline warnings [ ] More national regulations (Australia, India, Japan) [ ] Automated fix suggestions with code generation Resources GitHub : github.com/holmdigital/a11y-hd NPM : @holmdigital/engine @holmdigital/standards @holmdigital/components Built with ❤️ by Holm Digital — Making accessibility compliance actually achievable. Did you find this useful? Drop a comment below or connect with me on LinkedIn . I'd love to hear about your accessibility challenges! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Labontese Follow Joined Jan 11, 2026 Trending on DEV Community Hot I Am 38, I Am a Nurse, and I Have Always Wanted to Learn Coding # career # learning # beginners # coding I Didn’t “Become” a Senior Developer. I Accumulated Damage. # programming # ai # career # discuss Stop Overengineering: How to Write Clean Code That Actually Ships 🚀 # discuss # javascript # programming # webdev 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/pillaimanish/no-code-admin-panel-platform-5ac1 | No Code Admin Panel Platform - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Manish Pillai Posted on Sep 22, 2025 No Code Admin Panel Platform # webdev # programming # automation # discuss 𝐍𝐨-𝐂𝐨𝐝𝐞 𝐀𝐝𝐦𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐥 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐭 𝐝𝐨𝐞𝐬: Automates the creation of admin panels using a simple drag-and-drop interface, eliminating the need to build them from scratch for each client. 𝐁𝐚𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐧𝐝: Built entirely by me in GoLang. 𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐝: The UI was generated with the help of AI. 𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬: ⇨ Creates tables with primary and foreign key relations. ⇨ Manages users and their access requests. ⇨ Supports CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) permissions on data. 𝐅𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐬: I'm working on adding customizable role-based permissions and improving the UI. I would be happy, if anyone wants to collab on frontend. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Manish Pillai Follow Love to explore about how stuffs work internally | Trying to put my learnings into words Location India Pronouns he/him/his Work SE at Red Hat Joined Apr 11, 2025 More from Manish Pillai Understanding HOTP and TOTP in Two-Factor Authentication # algorithms # programming # security # learning SSE - Server Sent Event # webdev # programming # go # learning Key Management Service in Kubernetes — Part 2 # kubernetes # programming # cloud # opensource 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://openfeature.dev/docs/reference/intro | Introduction | OpenFeature Skip to main content Check out our KubeCon NA '25 recap, and our new training course! Docs Specification Ecosystem Community Support & Training Tutorials Blog Search Introduction Concepts Evaluation API Providers Evaluation Context Hooks Events SDK Paradigms Tracking SDKs SDK Compatibility Overview Server Dart .NET Go Java Node.js NestJS PHP Python Ruby Rust Client Kotlin iOS Web Angular React Other Technologies CLI OFREP OpenAPI Spec MCP Contributing Introduction On this page Welcome to OpenFeature OpenFeature is an open specification that provides a vendor-agnostic, community-driven API for feature flagging that works with your favorite feature flag management tool. What are feature flags? In the most basic case, you can think of a feature flag as an if/else statement that can be controlled at runtime. Feature flags allow application behavior to be altered without the deployment of new code. This capability serves a variety of purposes. You can reduce the need for long-running feature branches. You can hide work-in-progress functionality from end users, while still exposing it for internal testing. You can perform canary releases - rolling out a new feature to an initially small subset of users. You can perform A/B testing. You can safely degrade parts of a production system that are experiencing an outage. You can restrict access to specific product functionality based on user-characteristics such as geography or IP address, for usability, compliance or licensing reasons. Feature flags are dynamic ; they are evaluated at runtime. Many of the use cases just described also require feature flags to be context-aware - a flagging decision must take into account things like which user is making a web request. What's more, the configuration behind flagging decisions also needs to be dynamic to support use cases like canary releases where you gradually roll a feature out to more users without having to redeploy or restart anything. Given all these requirements (along with others such as an admin UI, audit trails, environment management, and more) it's clear that full use of feature flags requires a feature flagging system - typically a stand-alone feature-flagging service along with a client library which interacts with that service. A typical feature-flagging system What is OpenFeature? OpenFeature provides a shared, standardized feature flagging client - an SDK - which can be plugged into various 3rd-party feature flagging providers . Whether you're using an open-source system or a commercial product, whether it's self-hosted or cloud-hosted, OpenFeature provides a consistent, unified API for developers to use feature flagging in their applications. OpenFeature integrated with a hypothetical "Flags-R-us" flag management system To accomplish this, the OpenFeature SDK defines a number of flexible abstractions. Evaluation API The evaluation API is the part of the OpenFeature SDK that an application author interacts with. It allows developers to evaluate feature flags, and use the resulting values to impact control flow or application characteristics. The evaluation API provides a framework that allows for customization of behavior and integration with various tools. Evaluation Context The evaluation context is a container for arbitrary contextual data that can be used as a basis for dynamic evaluation. Static data such as the host or an identifier for the application can be configured globally. Dynamic evaluation context, such as the IP address of the client in a web application, can be implicitly propagated or explicitly passed to during flag evaluation, and can be merged with static values. Providers Providers are the "translation layer" between the evaluation API and the flag management system in use. Providers are responsible for mapping the arguments supplied to the evaluation API to their equivalent representation in the associated flag management system. Providers might wrap a vendor SDK, call a bespoke flag evaluation REST API, or even parse some locally stored file to resolve flag values. Hooks Hooks are a mechanism that allow for the addition of arbitrary behavior at various points in the flag evaluation life-cycle . Hooks let you extend the OpenFeature SDK, adding functionality such as validating a resolved flag value, modifying or adding data to the evaluation context, logging, telemetry, and tracking. Events Events enable the ability to react to state changes in the provider or underlying flag management system. These include changes in provider readiness, error status, or perhaps most interestingly, flag configuration changes. Edit this page Next Concepts What are feature flags? What is OpenFeature? Evaluation API Evaluation Context Providers Hooks Events Sections Docs Specification Community Tutorials Community BlueSky Twitter LinkedIn Join us on Slack YouTube More GitHub Trademarks © 2026 OpenFeature is a Cloud Native Computing Foundation incubating project | Documentation Distributed under CC BY 4.0 | All Rights Reserved | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://dev.to/vaibhavg/build-a-react-dashboard-3803 | Building a React Dashboard in 2026: What Actually Matters (From a Dev Perspective) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Vaibhav Gupta Posted on Jan 12 Building a React Dashboard in 2026: What Actually Matters (From a Dev Perspective) # webdev # react # opensource # frontend React dashboards are everywhere - analytics tools, internal admin panels, SaaS backends, and side projects. But most guides focus on UI screenshots or component libraries, not on what actually makes a React dashboard usable, scalable, and maintainable. This post breaks down what actually matters when building a React dashboard today - based on real-world patterns, not theory. 1. What a “React Dashboard” Really Is A React dashboard isn’t just cards and charts. At its core, it’s: A layout system (navigation, sidebars, responsiveness) A data display layer (tables, charts, KPIs) A state & data flow strategy A component architecture that survives long-term changes Most dashboards fail because one of these is ignored. 2. Layout First, UI Second Before picking a UI library or chart package, lock down your layout. Decide early: Sidebar vs top navigation (or hybrid) Fixed vs collapsible navigation Mobile behavior (dashboards break here first) Route-based layouts (not page-based) Rule of thumb: If your layout isn’t reusable across pages, you’ll fight CSS forever. 3. Component Structure That Scales A common mistake is dumping everything into /components . A more scalable structure: layouts/ → dashboard shell features/ → domain-specific logic (users, billing, analytics) ui/ → reusable UI primitives routes/ or pages/ → thin wrappers only This keeps the codebase readable even after months of iteration. 4. Styling: Utility-First Works Better for Dashboards Dashboards evolve constantly. Utility-first styling works well because: Faster iteration Predictable spacing Easy dark mode Less CSS overhead Dashboards benefit more from consistency than uniqueness. 5. Data Handling: Keep It Boring Dashboards don’t need experimental state management. What usually works best: Server-driven data Simple query caching Clear loading & empty states Section-level error handling If one widget fails, the entire dashboard shouldn’t. 6. Charts Are Secondary, Clarity Is Primary Charts are useful, but often overused. Ask instead: Is the data readable at a glance? Can users compare values easily? Do empty states explain why there’s no data? A clean table often beats a fancy chart. 7. When Using a Starter Dashboard Makes Sense Building from scratch is great for learning - not always for shipping. Starter dashboards help when: Layout patterns are already solved Responsiveness is handled Accessibility basics are covered Code is readable and extensible Open-source dashboards are especially useful for learning real-world patterns. 8. Open Source Dashboards as Learning Material Even if you don’t use them directly, reading open-source dashboard code teaches: Layout composition Routing structure Theme handling Reusable component design GitHub is often a better teacher than tutorials. Final Thoughts A good React dashboard isn’t about flashy UI. It’s about: Clear structure Predictable behavior Easy extensibility If your dashboard doesn’t fight you when adding new features, you’re on the right track. Useful references Free React admin dashboard templates (Tailwind-based): 👉 https://tailwind-admin.com/ Open-source dashboard codebase on GitHub: 👉 https://github.com/Tailwind-Admin/free-tailwind-admin-dashboard-template Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Vaibhav Gupta Follow Joined Jun 6, 2025 More from Vaibhav Gupta 11+ Best Open Source Shadcn Dashboard Templates for 2026 # webdev # opensource # react # nextjs Introducing Tailwindadmin - Open Source Shadcn Admin Dashboard for Developers # webdev # shadcn # react # nextjs MaterialM Open Source Vuetify NuxtJs Admin Dashboard Template - by WrapPixel # webdev # nuxt # vue # opensource 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://realpython.com/ref/glossary/data-structure/ | data structure | Python Glossary – Real Python Start Here Learn Python Python Tutorials → In-depth articles and video courses Learning Paths → Guided study plans for accelerated learning Quizzes & Exercises → Check your learning progress Browse Topics → Focus on a specific area or skill level Community Chat → Learn with other Pythonistas Office Hours → Live Q&A calls with Python experts Podcast → Hear what’s new in the world of Python Books → Round out your knowledge and learn offline Reference → Concise definitions for common Python terms Code Mentor → Beta Personalized code assistance & learning tools Unlock All Content → More Learner Stories Python Newsletter Python Job Board Meet the Team Become a Tutorial Writer Become a Video Instructor Search / Join Sign‑In Table of Contents Examples Related Resources ( clear filter ) Clear filter Python Glossary / absolute import abstract base class (ABC) abstract method annotation application programming interface (API) args (arguments) argument array ASCII assignment assignment expression asynchronous context manager asynchronous generator asynchronous generator iterator asynchronous iterable asynchronous iteration asynchronous iterator asynchronous programming attribute awaitable base class BDFL binary file Boolean buffer protocol bytecode bytes-like object callable callback class class method closure cls (argument) code style collection comment composition comprehension concurrency console context manager control flow coroutine coroutine function CPU-bound task CPython data class data structure debugging decorator deep copy dependency descriptor dictionary dictionary view docstring dot notation duck typing EAFP encapsulation escape sequence exception expression f-string function functional programming function annotation garbage collection generator generator expression generator iterator generic function generic type Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) hashable higher-order function identifier IDLE immutable import path indentation indexing inheritance input/output (I/O) instance integrated development environment (IDE) interpreter interpreter shutdown I/O-bound task iterable iteration iterator JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) JIT compiler kwargs (keyword arguments) LBYL linter literal loader loop magic method mapping metaprogramming method method overriding method resolution order (MRO) module mutable named tuple name mangling namespace namespace package nested scope non-blocking operation non-public name object object-oriented programming (OOP) package parameter PEP 8 pip polymorphism protocol protocol (special methods) protocol (subtyping) public name PyCon Python Python Enhancement Proposal (PEP) Pythonic python.org Python Package Index (PyPI) Python Software Foundation (PSF) Python Steering Council queue raw string recursion reference count REPL scope self (argument) sequence shallow copy slice slicing snake case soft keyword source code stack standard library statement static method static type checker string representation subclass text encoding text file traceback triple-quoted string type type alias type hint Unicode universal newlines variable variable annotation virtual environment virtual machine (VM) wheel Zen of Python Python Keywords / and as assert async await break case class continue def del elif else except False finally for from global if import in is lambda match None nonlocal not or pass raise return True try type underscore ( _ ) while with yield Python’s Built-in Data Types / bytearray bytes complex dict float frozenset int list object range set str tuple Python’s Built-in Exceptions / ArithmeticError AssertionError AttributeError BaseException BaseExceptionGroup BlockingIOError BrokenPipeError BufferError ChildProcessError ConnectionAbortedError ConnectionError ConnectionRefusedError ConnectionResetError EOFError Exception FileExistsError FileNotFoundError FloatingPointError GeneratorExit ImportError IndentationError IndexError InterruptedError IOError IsADirectoryError KeyboardInterrupt KeyError LookupError MemoryError ModuleNotFoundError NameError NotADirectoryError NotImplementedError OSError OverflowError PermissionError RecursionError RuntimeError StopAsyncIteration StopIteration SyntaxError SystemExit TabError TimeoutError TypeError ValueError ZeroDivisionError Python’s Built-in Functions / abs() aiter() all() anext() any() ascii() bin() bool() breakpoint() callable() chr() classmethod() compile() delattr() dir() divmod() enumerate() eval() exec() filter() format() getattr() globals() hasattr() hash() help() hex() id() __import__() input() isinstance() issubclass() iter() len() locals() map() max() memoryview() min() next() oct() open() ord() pow() print() property() repr() reversed() round() setattr() slice() sorted() staticmethod() sum() super() type() vars() zip() Python Standard Library / abc argparse array asyncio calendar collections configparser contextlib contextvars copy csv dataclasses datetime decimal doctest email enum fractions functools gc gettext glob hashlib heapq html http imaplib importlib inspect io ipaddress itertools json keyword locale logging math mimetypes mmap multiprocessing numbers operator os pathlib pickle platform pprint queue random re secrets shutil socket sqlite3 string subprocess sys sysconfig tarfile tempfile threading time timeit tkinter tomllib traceback turtle typing unittest urllib uuid venv wave weakref webbrowser xml zipapp zipfile Python Tools / Anaconda Bandit Black bpython build Conda Cookiecutter Coverage.py doit flake8 flit Git Hatch Invoke IPython isort line_profiler MkDocs mypy Nox pdm Pipenv pip-tools pipx Poetry poetry-core pre-commit ptpython pyenv PyInstaller Pylint py-spy pytest Ruff setuptools Sphinx tox twine ty uv wheel Code Editors & IDEs / Emacs JupyterLab Jupyter Notebook Neovim Notepad++ Positron PyCharm Spyder Sublime Text Thonny Vim Visual Studio Code Wing IDE AI Coding Glossary / activation function agent agentic coding artificial intelligence (AI) attention mechanism autoregressive generation bias chain of thought (CoT) context engineering context window convolutional network embedding evaluation few-shot learning fine-tuning function calling generative model generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) gradient descent guardrails hallucination in-context learning inference jailbreak large language model (LLM) large reasoning model (LRM) latency LLM observability loss function machine learning Model Context Protocol (MCP) natural language processing (NLP) nearest neighbor neural network parameter prompt prompt engineering prompt injection reasoning model recurrent neural network (RNN) reinforcement learning retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) self-attention structured output system prompt tagging telemetry temperature tensor parameter text corpora throughput token tokenization tool use training transformer transformer architecture vector vector database vector space vibe coding weight zero-shot learning AI Coding Tools / Aider Amazon Q Developer Amp Code AskCodi Blackbox AI ChatGPT Claude Claude Code CodeGeeX Code Llama Codex Codex CLI Copilot CLI Cursor Cursor CLI DeepCode Devin Gemini Gemini CLI Gemini Code Assist GitHub Copilot Chat Google Antigravity Grok JetBrains AI Assistant Jupyter AI Kiro LlamaIndex LM Studio Microsoft Copilot Ollama Open Interpreter OverflowAI Phind Pydantic AI Replit AI Repo Prompt Sourcegraph Cody Tabnine Visual Studio IntelliCode Warp Windsurf Zed Python Best Practices / Classes Code Formatting Code Testing Coding Style Comments Comprehensions Concurrency Conditionals Constants Dependency Management Distribution Docstrings Documentation Exception Handling Functions Generator Expressions Imports Logging Loops Object Mutability Optimization Project Layout Public API Surface Reference Python Glossary / data structure In programming, a data structure is a way of organizing and storing data so that you can access and modify it efficiently. Data structures are a fundamental aspect of programming, allowing you to manage data in a way that optimizes performance and resource usage. Python provides several built-in data structures, such as lists , tuples , sets , and dictionaries , each serving different purposes and offering various methods for data manipulation. Choosing the right data structure is crucial for optimizing your code and ensuring that it runs efficiently. Examples Here are some quick examples illustrating the use of some common data structures in Python: Python >>> # List >>> fruits = [ "apple" , "banana" , "cherry" ] >>> fruits . append ( "mango" ) >>> fruits ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'mango'] >>> # Dictionary >>> person = { "name" : "Alice" , "age" : 30 } >>> person [ "age" ] = 31 >>> person {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 31} >>> # Set >>> unique_numbers = { 1 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 3 } >>> unique_numbers {1, 2, 3} >>> unique_numbers . add ( 4 ) >>> unique_numbers {1, 2, 3, 4} >>> # Tuple >>> point = ( 10.0 , 20.0 ) >>> point (10.0, 20.0) Related Resources Tutorial Common Python Data Structures (Guide) In this tutorial, you'll learn about Python's data structures. You'll look at several implementations of abstract data types and learn which implementations are best for your specific use cases. basics data-structures python stdlib For additional information on related topics, take a look at the following resources: Python's collections: A Buffet of Specialized Data Types (Tutorial) Python Stacks, Queues, and Priority Queues in Practice (Tutorial) Linked Lists in Python: An Introduction (Tutorial) Basic Data Types in Python: A Quick Exploration (Tutorial) Stacks and Queues: Selecting the Ideal Data Structure (Course) Records and Sets: Selecting the Ideal Data Structure (Course) Dictionaries and Arrays: Selecting the Ideal Data Structure (Course) Working With Linked Lists in Python (Course) Exploring Basic Data Types in Python (Course) Basic Data Types in Python: A Quick Exploration (Quiz) By Leodanis Pozo Ramos • Updated March 6, 2025 • Reviewed by Martin Breuss Python Glossary Share Feedback Learn Python Start Here Learning Resources Code Mentor Python Reference Python Cheat Sheet Support Center Courses & Paths Learning Paths Quizzes & Exercises Browse Topics Live Courses Books Community Podcast Newsletter Community Chat Office Hours Learner Stories Membership Plans & Pricing Team Plans For Business For Schools Reviews Company About Us Team Mission & Values Editorial Guidelines Sponsorships Careers Press Kit Merch Privacy Policy ⋅ Terms of Use ⋅ Security ⋅ Contact Happy Pythoning! © 2012–2026 DevCademy Media Inc. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # healthtech Follow Hide Create Post Older #healthtech posts 1 2 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu 5 Best Dog Health Apps Compared: 2026 Ultimate Guide Anas Kayssi Anas Kayssi Anas Kayssi Follow Jan 11 5 Best Dog Health Apps Compared: 2026 Ultimate Guide # mobiledevelopment # healthtech # datamodeling # pettech Comments Add Comment 4 min read 🩺 Move Over, Dr. Google: OpenAI Just Dropped "ChatGPT Health" and It’s a Privacy Nightmare (Or a Miracle?) Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Follow Jan 9 🩺 Move Over, Dr. Google: OpenAI Just Dropped "ChatGPT Health" and It’s a Privacy Nightmare (Or a Miracle?) # ai # privacy # healthtech # futurechallenge Comments Add Comment 3 min read Accessible Visuals: How Inclusive Charts Empower Patient Health wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 9 Accessible Visuals: How Inclusive Charts Empower Patient Health # frontend # react # a11y # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read Running Form Tech: Improve Your Gait With This DIY AI Analysis wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 5 Running Form Tech: Improve Your Gait With This DIY AI Analysis # opencv # python # computerscience # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read Chronotype Discovery: Using Python to Unlock Your Natural Sleep Patterns wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 4 Chronotype Discovery: Using Python to Unlock Your Natural Sleep Patterns # python # datascience # machinelearning # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why Most Health-Tech Architectures Fail the Policy Test (and What I'D Do Instead) Ebuka Achibiri Ebuka Achibiri Ebuka Achibiri Follow Jan 3 Why Most Health-Tech Architectures Fail the Policy Test (and What I'D Do Instead) # healthtech # kubernetes # digitalcompliance Comments Add Comment 2 min read FHIR Integration: Build Modern Healthcare Apps Using Python and FastAPI wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 3 FHIR Integration: Build Modern Healthcare Apps Using Python and FastAPI # python # api # fastapi # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read AI Meal Planning: How to build structured wellness tools with Next.js and LangChain wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 2 AI Meal Planning: How to build structured wellness tools with Next.js and LangChain # ai # nextjs # langchain # healthtech Comments Add Comment 3 min read Wearable Data Security: Protect User Privacy by Building a Secure Health Data Pipeline wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 30 '25 Wearable Data Security: Protect User Privacy by Building a Secure Health Data Pipeline # security # reactnative # fullstack # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read Wellness Tech Architecture: How Microservices Help Your App Grow Seamlessly wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 29 '25 Wellness Tech Architecture: How Microservices Help Your App Grow Seamlessly # architecture # microservices # refactorit # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read React Native HealthKit: How to Build a Seamless Health Dashboard wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 29 '25 React Native HealthKit: How to Build a Seamless Health Dashboard # reactnative # healthtech # ios # mobiledev Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Impossible Normalization: Why Your Database Hates Biology 🧬 Beck_Moulton Beck_Moulton Beck_Moulton Follow Dec 29 '25 The Impossible Normalization: Why Your Database Hates Biology 🧬 # database # architecture # healthtech # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Oura Integration: Build High-Performance Health Apps with Next.js and React Query wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 27 '25 Oura Integration: Build High-Performance Health Apps with Next.js and React Query # react # nextjs # api # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read Wearable Data Performance: How to Build Fluid Health Dashboards wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 26 '25 Wearable Data Performance: How to Build Fluid Health Dashboards # react # performance # javascript # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read Wearable Data Pipelines: Scaling Real-Time Health Insights for Connected Devices wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 26 '25 Wearable Data Pipelines: Scaling Real-Time Health Insights for Connected Devices # systemdesign # architecture # kafka # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read Digital Wellness: Building a Proactive Chatbot for Stress Support wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 24 '25 Digital Wellness: Building a Proactive Chatbot for Stress Support # ai # python # project # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read How Should You Implement Digital Transformation in Healthcare? shikhabaldev shikhabaldev shikhabaldev Follow Dec 24 '25 How Should You Implement Digital Transformation in Healthcare? # healthtech # digitaltransformation # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read How AI and Data are Transforming Personalized Health Platforms Krunal Bhimani Krunal Bhimani Krunal Bhimani Follow Dec 22 '25 How AI and Data are Transforming Personalized Health Platforms # ai # healthtech # webdev # architecture 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Understanding FHIR Data Types Paul Aderoju Paul Aderoju Paul Aderoju Follow Dec 16 '25 Understanding FHIR Data Types # fhir # healthtech # interoperability # data Comments Add Comment 3 min read Is Multi-Location Scheduling Where Dental PMS Integrations Start to Drift? CAmador CAmador CAmador Follow Dec 19 '25 Is Multi-Location Scheduling Where Dental PMS Integrations Start to Drift? # api # healthtech # webdev # developer Comments Add Comment 1 min read Do You Need a Mobile App to Access Apple Health Data? (Short Answer: Yes) Piotr Ratkowski Piotr Ratkowski Piotr Ratkowski Follow for Momentum Nov 25 '25 Do You Need a Mobile App to Access Apple Health Data? (Short Answer: Yes) # wearables # ai # wearablesolution # healthtech 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read Building a FHIR-Enabled Patient Portal with Next.js 16 (Step-by-Step Guide) Paul Aderoju Paul Aderoju Paul Aderoju Follow Dec 2 '25 Building a FHIR-Enabled Patient Portal with Next.js 16 (Step-by-Step Guide) # fhir # healthtech # interoperability # nextjs 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read Dental Scheduling Systems: A Comparative Study in How Time Should Not Work CAmador CAmador CAmador Follow Nov 18 '25 Dental Scheduling Systems: A Comparative Study in How Time Should Not Work # api # developer # healthtech # productivity Comments Add Comment 6 min read Finally a Normal Scheduling API for Dental. I’m Alarmingly Into It. CAmador CAmador CAmador Follow Nov 14 '25 Finally a Normal Scheduling API for Dental. I’m Alarmingly Into It. # webdev # healthtech # api # backenddevelopment Comments Add Comment 1 min read Client-Side Encryption for Healthcare Apps CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems Follow Dec 7 '25 Client-Side Encryption for Healthcare Apps # react # typescript # privacy # healthtech 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read loading... trending guides/resources Healthcare Data Interoperability and FHIR: A Developer's Guide React Native HealthKit: How to Build a Seamless Health Dashboard Building a FHIR-Enabled Patient Portal with Next.js 16 (Step-by-Step Guide) How Should You Implement Digital Transformation in Healthcare? Blink Signals: Decoding Health with Mobile Vision Client-Side Encryption for Healthcare Apps The Impossible Normalization: Why Your Database Hates Biology 🧬 Why Most Health-Tech Architectures Fail the Policy Test (and What I'D Do Instead) AI Meal Planning: How to build structured wellness tools with Next.js and LangChain Building Software That Actually Gives a Damn: My Journey with Trauma-Informed Design Wearable Data Pipelines: Scaling Real-Time Health Insights for Connected Devices Blink Diagnostics: Decoding Health One Flutter at a Time 🩺 Move Over, Dr. Google: OpenAI Just Dropped "ChatGPT Health" and It’s a Privacy Nightmare (Or a ... Wearable Data Performance: How to Build Fluid Health Dashboards Do You Need a Mobile App to Access Apple Health Data? 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Skip to content ▼ Close Python PSF Docs PyPI Jobs Community ▲ The Python Network Donate ≡ Menu Search This Site GO A A Smaller Larger Reset Socialize LinkedIn Mastodon Chat on IRC Twitter About Applications Quotes Getting Started Help Python Brochure Downloads All releases Source code Windows macOS Android Other Platforms License Alternative Implementations Documentation Docs Audio/Visual Talks Beginner's Guide FAQ Non-English Docs PEP Index Python Books Python Essays Community Diversity Mailing Lists IRC Forums PSF Annual Impact Report Python Conferences Special Interest Groups Python Logo Python Wiki Code of Conduct Community Awards Get Involved Shared Stories Success Stories Arts Business Education Engineering Government Scientific Software Development News Python News PSF Newsletter PSF News PyCon US News News from the Community Events Python Events User Group Events Python Events Archive User Group Events Archive Submit an Event Python >>> About >>> Applications Applications for Python Python is used in many application domains. Here's a sampling. The Python Package Index lists thousands of third party modules for Python. Web and Internet Development Python offers many choices for web development : Frameworks such as Django and Pyramid . Micro-frameworks such as Flask and Bottle . Advanced content management systems such as Plone and django CMS . Python's standard library supports many Internet protocols: HTML and XML JSON E-mail processing . Support for FTP , IMAP , and other Internet protocols . Easy-to-use socket interface . And the Package Index has yet more libraries: Requests , a powerful HTTP client library. Beautiful Soup , an HTML parser that can handle all sorts of oddball HTML. Feedparser for parsing RSS/Atom feeds. Paramiko , implementing the SSH2 protocol. Twisted Python , a framework for asynchronous network programming. Scientific and Numeric Python is widely used in scientific and numeric computing: SciPy is a collection of packages for mathematics, science, and engineering. Pandas is a data analysis and modeling library. IPython is a powerful interactive shell that features easy editing and recording of a work session, and supports visualizations and parallel computing. The Software Carpentry Course teaches basic skills for scientific computing, running bootcamps and providing open-access teaching materials. Education Python is a superb language for teaching programming, both at the introductory level and in more advanced courses. Books such as How to Think Like a Computer Scientist , Python Programming: An Introduction to Computer Science , and Practical Programming . The Education Special Interest Group is a good place to discuss teaching issues. Desktop GUIs The Tk GUI library is included with most binary distributions of Python. Some toolkits that are usable on several platforms are available separately: wxWidgets Kivy , for writing multitouch applications. Qt via pyqt or pyside Platform-specific toolkits are also available: GTK+ Microsoft Foundation Classes through the win32 extensions Software Development Python is often used as a support language for software developers, for build control and management, testing, and in many other ways. SCons for build control. Buildbot and Apache Gump for automated continuous compilation and testing. Roundup or Trac for bug tracking and project management. Business Applications Python is also used to build ERP and e-commerce systems: Odoo is an all-in-one management software that offers a range of business applications that form a complete suite of enterprise management applications. Tryton is a three-tier high-level general purpose application platform. The PSF The Python Software Foundation is the organization behind Python. 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https://dev.to/codesandboxio/how-to-maintain-your-skills-as-a-developer-1e4e#comments | How to Maintain Your Skills as a Developer - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Ceora Ford for CodeSandbox Posted on May 13, 2021 • Originally published at codesandbox.io How to Maintain Your Skills as a Developer # career # webdev # productivity It’s no secret that the tech industry is always changing. New frameworks are always emerging and new features are constantly being added to the languages and frameworks that already exist. This can be exciting but sometimes it can be hard to keep up. Some people work in environments that don’t welcome change. Not everyone’s team is looking to implement the latest innovation. Zachariah, CEO and CTO of SquadCast , had this experience. In episode 3 of the Version One podcast , he talked about an experience he had early on in his career. He was in a position that didn’t allow for much growth. So how was he able to keep his coding skills up to par? So what I did was I used that time to contribute to open source projects, research, sharpen my skills, [to] kind of stay sharp. As Zachariah mentioned, there are many things you can do to stay sharp. This post will explain 5 ways you can maintain and grow your coding skills. Read other people's code When it comes to getting better at a certain coding language or framework, we usually think that we need to work on some fancy, new project. While that isn't a bad idea, reading other people's code is another very helpful step. Reading other people's code can often be overlooked but it's a great way to familiarize yourself with new and old syntax and to test your ability to understand unfamiliar codebases. Where can you find projects to read through? A great place to start is GitHub. Check out your favorite open source projects and products. Casually read through the code and see what you can learn. Is there a feature that you're curious about? Try to find out how it was implemented. You can also search for projects by language. If there is a language you want to brush up on, you can check out some of the most popular Work on top of already existing code Work on existing projects. You can find your own projects and iterate on them, adding new features or changing the structure of your code. You can also search for open source projects on GitHub. Find a project that's in a language you would like to brush up on and find an issue you can tackle. If you're not quite comfortable with making open source contributions, you can either stick to your own existing projects or read this helpful, step-by-step guide . Working on existing code is great because it presents new challenges. You have to figure out code that may be deprecated or hard to understand, even if it’s your project. By doing this, you'll train yourself to navigate unfamiliar codebases. This is a very valuable skill to gain since oftentimes in professional settings, you’ll have to add to code that already exists instead of starting something from scratch. Watch other people code Watch other people code on platforms like YouTube and Twitch. Through videos and live streams, you can see other developers code and problem solve out loud. You can follow their thought pattern and see how they fix and tackle bugs and other problems in their code. There’s so much you can gain from watching this process. You can learn new syntax, learn how to approach and solve problems, and learn how to implement new features. Do coding challenges Try completing coding challenges and exercises. There are tons of websites out there like HackerRank and CodeWars that present problems that you have to solve with your code stack of choice. These challenges are made to be short and to the point while also forcing you to solve complex problems. They’re a great way to stay sharp and keep up with any language. Read articles about code There are tons of developer blogs out there. Developer blogs are full of gems. There’s so much you can learn from reading articles. If there’s a topic you want to learn more about, do a quick Google search or search on sites like dev.to for articles that can help. Reading articles written by other developers is another way to see how other people think and problem solve. As mentioned earlier, this is invaluable and can add to your skills and knowledge. So when you come across an article that covers a topic you’re interested in, take the time to read through it. And make note of any points that stood out to you. Conclusion Tech moves fast but even so, growth can sometimes feel stagnant. If you feel like you’re at a standstill, try these tips. By doing these things, you’ll be able to stay sharp and grow your skills. There’s still more you can learn from Zachariah and his journey to becoming a CEO and CTO of SquadCast. Make sure to give his Version One episode a listen to find out more! Top comments (6) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Joseph Maurer Joseph Maurer Joseph Maurer Follow ~ Game Development Software Engineer ~ MBA @ University of Nevada, Reno ~ Oregon Tech Alum Location Reno, Nevada Education Software Engineering Work Software Engineer: Game Design Joined Mar 21, 2021 • May 14 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide LeetCode is another website that does cool coding challenges! Like comment: Like comment: 8 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ceora Ford Ceora Ford Ceora Ford Follow Serving developers and building community Location Philadelphia Pronouns she/her Work Developer Advocate at Auth0 by Okta Joined Sep 19, 2018 • May 14 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes! I haven’t tried LeetCode but I’ve heard great things about them Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ceora Ford Ceora Ford Ceora Ford Follow Serving developers and building community Location Philadelphia Pronouns she/her Work Developer Advocate at Auth0 by Okta Joined Sep 19, 2018 • May 17 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for reading! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Kinanee Samson Kinanee Samson Kinanee Samson Follow I am a software engineer based in Nigeria, I am a determined and sarcastic person with a crazy sense of humor. 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https://openfeature.dev/blog/kubecon-na-2025-recap | KubeCon NA 2025 Recap and New CNCF Training | OpenFeature Skip to main content Check out our KubeCon NA '25 recap, and our new training course! Docs Specification Ecosystem Community Support & Training Tutorials Blog Search All Blog Posts 2025 KubeCon NA 2025 Recap and New CNCF Training Join OpenFeature at KubeCon + CloudNativeCon North America 2025! Scaling Feature Flags eBook: A Roadmap for Safer Releases & Faster Development TLDR: KubeCon EU 2025 Sentry OpenFeature Integration Vercel Flags SDK - OpenFeature Adapter DevCycle March 2025 - OpenFeature Hackathon Open Invitation to the Vendor Commitee OpenFeature at KubeCon EU '25 2024 KubeCon Wrapped & New Tracking Event Functionality Contributor Spotlight: Max VelDink OpenFeature at KubeCon NA '24 Announcing the OpenFeature Angular SDK! OpenFeature Contributor Spotlight: André Silva OpenFeature .NET SDK 2.0 Release Join OpenFeature at WeAreDevelopers World Congress '24 OpenFeature Multi-Provider Release OpenFeature React SDK Release Feature Observability Semantic Conventions OpenFeature Web SDK v1 OpenFeature at KubeCon EU '24 Reconciling with State: Simplifications and Improvements to Better Support Framework-Specific SDKs 2023 OpenFeature December 2023 Update: We're Incubating & more! Different approaches for server-side SDK architectures Naming is Hard: Renaming the @openfeature/js-sdk Flag Definition & Flag Evaluation Protocol Standardization Discussion Feature Flags: With Great Power Comes Great Responsiblity OpenFeature Adoption Story Feature Flags are just if Statements, Right? Specification 0.6.0 Catering to the client-side 2022 Specification hardening and 1.0 SDKs Configuring a logger for the go-sdk Creating a Provider for the go-sdk Creating a Hook for the go-sdk Collection of external articles OpenFeature - a standard for feature flagging KubeCon NA 2025 Recap and New CNCF Training November 18, 2025 · 3 min read Todd Baert Software Engineer at Dynatrace, OpenFeature maintainer What an incredible week! KubeCon North America 2025 has officially finished up, and we're still reflecting on all the energy, conversations, and sessions. If you couldn't make it, don't worry, we've got you covered with all the highlights as well as some exciting news... A Successful Summit First off, a huge thank you to everyone who joined us at the OpenFeature Summit. It was great to see a room full of users and contributors to the project. We loved seeing so many of you there, asking thoughtful questions, and sharing your own experiences with feature flagging. Thanks again to our summit sponsor, LaunchDarkly ! Check out the summit summary page for recordings and slide presentations. Feature Flag Talks We also hosted two incredible talks that were all about feature flags and OpenFeature. Both sessions were well-attended, and questions and conversations kept going long after the talks ended. It's clear that feature flagging is a hot topic, and we're thrilled to see so much interest in the space. 🔥 Feature Flags Suck! - The Problems With Feature Flagging and How To Avoid Them 📈 Feature Flag Driven Development: Seamlessly Integrate Feature Flags Into Your SDLC New CNCF Training Course: Feature Flagging with OpenFeature We're happy to announce the launch of our official CNCF training course: Feature Flagging with OpenFeature (LFS140) . This course is perfect for developers and platform engineers who want to learn how to integrate feature flags into their workflows or enhance their apps and platforms with OpenFeature. It covers everything from the basics of feature flagging to advanced use cases, and it's a great way to level up your skills. Check it out! As always, we were excited to hear about new adopters, stories, and usage of the OpenFeature project at the booth. Thanks again to everyone who made KubeCon NA 2025 such an unforgettable experience. Whether you joined us in person or follow along online, we're so grateful for your support. Here's to continuing the conversation and building the future of feature flagging together! Edit this page Older post Join OpenFeature at KubeCon + CloudNativeCon North America 2025! A Successful Summit Feature Flag Talks New CNCF Training Course: Feature Flagging with OpenFeature Sections Docs Specification Community Tutorials Community BlueSky Twitter LinkedIn Join us on Slack YouTube More GitHub Trademarks © 2026 OpenFeature is a Cloud Native Computing Foundation incubating project | Documentation Distributed under CC BY 4.0 | All Rights Reserved | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
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https://talkpython.fm/flasksong | New Theme Song: Served In A Flask | Talk Python Blog Talk Python Blog June 18, 2025 , 3 min read New Theme Song: Served In A Flask Those of you who were early listeners of Talk Python To Me might remember the amazing theme song we launched with: Developers, Developers, Developers by Smixx . Thanks to Smixx for letting us use his music for our intros. Over the years, people have asked “What happened to the rap song”? I took it down for a couple of reasons not worth digging into but have definitely missed the fun and irreverant intro to the show. A new theme song That irreverent start of the show is back with a new theme song: Served In A Flask ! Give it a listen (or download it if you prefer): Your browser does not support the audio element. Backstory So what’s the story and why the title? Last year I converted the roughly 10,000 lines of python code powering talkpython.fm from Pyramid to Quart (Async Flask) (it’s more complex than it initially appears). I wrote up a long-form article on why I chose Quart, how I did the migration , etc. It’s super interesting technically. So I wanted a song which celebrated this next stage of the web app and embraces modern Python ideas such as Pydantic, async/await, and more. I hope you enjoy the song! And if you hate it, it’s only 10s at the start of the show, skip it if you’d rather. Lyrics Here are the full song lyrics. Served in a Flask [Chorus] Talk Python To Me, yeah we ready to roll Upgrading the code, no fear of gettin’ old Async in the air, new frameworks in sight Geeky rap on deck – Quart crew, it’s time to unite! [Verse 1] We started in Pyramid, cruisin’ old-school lanes Had that stable base, yeah, it served its gains But watchin’ Python evolve with that async flavor We needed modern moves for that sweet code behavior Checked out Django, was a major contender But it’s not my jam – no offense to the sender We love Pydantic for that typed-up spree Now we droppin’ new beats, so Talk Python To Me! [Chorus] Talk Python To Me, yeah we ready to roll Upgrading the code, no fear of gettin’ old Async in the air, new frameworks in sight Geeky rap on deck – Quart crew, it’s time to unite! [Verse 2] Could’ve gone FastAPI, but them forms weren’t the jam Need to handle bad input – like stale turkey spam Litestar shining bright, but the crowd’s too small We want a star that can fill the dev-hire hall Flask was a friend, a micro boss in the ring But async was the word – Quart’s the real big thing Now calls are lightning fast, DB queries too Performin’ better than ever, with that minimal crew [Bridge] Hugo tried to tempt us with that static site But we got data-driven pages, needed dynamic might Blueprints on the code, each route is refined Chameleon in the template so we keep that design Synchronous to async, that’s a radical shift But we soared through commits and gave the site a lift Less lines blockin’ progress, more concurrency free Now the code is standin’ tall – just watch and see [Chorus] Talk Python To Me, yeah we ready to roll Upgrading the code, no fear of gettin’ old Async in the air, new frameworks in sight Geeky rap on deck – Quart crew, it’s time to unite! [Outro] So here’s to the journey, from Pyramid’s nest To a brand-new flavor, a codebase refreshed We tapped into that modern vibe, overcame each storm Talk Python To Me – async is the norm! Cheers Michael About the Talk Python Blog Written and created for the Talk Python To Me podcast and courses . Content created by Michael Kennedy , founder of Talk Python. Stay up to date: Subscribe to the blog RSS , podcast RSS , and courses RSS feeds. All content copyright 2016-2025, Talk Python. All rights reserved. | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://dev.to/pullflow/project-of-the-week-tanstack-query-8j8 | Project of the Week: TanStack Query - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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Report Abuse Riyana Patel for PullFlow Posted on May 9, 2025 • Edited on Aug 1, 2025 • Originally published at youtu.be Project of the Week: TanStack Query # programming # opensource # discuss # github 🍩 Project of the Week (26 Part Series) 1 Introducing: Project of the Week! 2 Project of the Week: Prisma ... 22 more parts... 3 Project of the Week: TanStack Query 4 Project of the Week: HedgeDoc 🦔 5 Project of the Week: Grafana 6 Project of the Week: Ghost 👻 7 Project of the Week: TensorFlow 8 Project of the Week: MapLibre 9 Project of the Week: Windmill 10 Project of the Week: Deno 11 Project of the Week - 10 Weeks Later! 12 Project of the Week: Excalidraw 13 Project of the Week: Supabase 14 Project of the Week: Clerk 15 Project of the Week: freeCodeCamp 16 Project of the Week: Appwrite 17 Project of the Week: Chart.js 18 Project of the Week: n8n 19 Project of the Week: PyTorch 20 Project of the Week: Emotion-js 21 Project of the Week: Chainguard 22 Project of the Week: Dify 23 Project of the Week: Alpine.js 24 Project of the Week: Svelte 25 Project of the Week: .NET Runtime 26 LobeChat: Where Bots Write 23% of the Code and Reviews Take 42 Seconds Setting the gold standard for review efficiency in open source. Introduction Ever wondered what makes modern React state management so seamless? TanStack Query (formerly React Query) has transformed how developers handle server state in React applications. With over 45.1k GitHub stars, this powerful library simplifies data fetching, caching, synchronization, and state management. It eliminates the need for complex state management code by automatically tracking queries and mutations, making it an essential tool for modern React applications. We dove into TanStack Query's collaboration metrics on collab.dev and discovered a project that's redefining what's possible in open source collaboration. Let's explore how this project maintains quality while achieving remarkable speed! Key Highlights Speed : Zero-second median wait times, 58% of reviews completed within 24 hours Community : 64% community contributions vs 29% core team Efficiency : Median review time of ~13 hours, quarter of PRs merged within 2 hours TanStack Query demonstrates how speed and quality can coexist in open source development. collab.dev/TanStack/query collab.dev pullflow.com 🍩 Project of the Week (26 Part Series) 1 Introducing: Project of the Week! 2 Project of the Week: Prisma ... 22 more parts... 3 Project of the Week: TanStack Query 4 Project of the Week: HedgeDoc 🦔 5 Project of the Week: Grafana 6 Project of the Week: Ghost 👻 7 Project of the Week: TensorFlow 8 Project of the Week: MapLibre 9 Project of the Week: Windmill 10 Project of the Week: Deno 11 Project of the Week - 10 Weeks Later! 12 Project of the Week: Excalidraw 13 Project of the Week: Supabase 14 Project of the Week: Clerk 15 Project of the Week: freeCodeCamp 16 Project of the Week: Appwrite 17 Project of the Week: Chart.js 18 Project of the Week: n8n 19 Project of the Week: PyTorch 20 Project of the Week: Emotion-js 21 Project of the Week: Chainguard 22 Project of the Week: Dify 23 Project of the Week: Alpine.js 24 Project of the Week: Svelte 25 Project of the Week: .NET Runtime 26 LobeChat: Where Bots Write 23% of the Code and Reviews Take 42 Seconds Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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https://www.linkedin.com/company/coderabbitai/jobs?trk=nav_type_jobs | CodeRabbit: Jobs | LinkedIn Agree & Join LinkedIn By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s User Agreement , Privacy Policy , and Cookie Policy . Sign in to see who you already know at CodeRabbit Sign in Welcome back Email or phone Password Show Forgot password? Sign in or By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s User Agreement , Privacy Policy , and Cookie Policy . New to LinkedIn? Join now or New to LinkedIn? Join now By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s User Agreement , Privacy Policy , and Cookie Policy . Skip to main content LinkedIn Top Content People Learning Jobs Games Sign in Join now for free CodeRabbit Software Development San Francisco, California 24,856 followers Cut Code Review Time & Bugs in Half. Instantly. See jobs Follow View all 117 employees Report this company Overview Jobs Jobs at CodeRabbit Site Reliability Engineer - Platform Site Reliability Engineer - Platform CodeRabbit San Francisco, CA 3 days ago Quality Assurance Engineer - Automation Quality Assurance Engineer - Automation CodeRabbit San Francisco, CA 4 days ago Software Engineer - Backend Software Engineer - Backend CodeRabbit San Francisco, CA $145,000.00 - $175,000.00 5 days ago Senior Software Engineer - Frontend Senior Software Engineer - Frontend CodeRabbit San Francisco, CA $210,000.00 - $260,000.00 5 days ago Lead Security Engineer Lead Security Engineer CodeRabbit San Francisco, CA 5 days ago DevOps Engineer DevOps Engineer CodeRabbit San Francisco, CA $160,000.00 - $215,000.00 5 days ago Revenue Operations Specialist Revenue Operations Specialist CodeRabbit Boston, MA 1 month ago Account Executive, Mid-Enterprise Account Executive, Mid-Enterprise CodeRabbit Boston, MA 1 month ago Digital Success Manager Digital Success Manager CodeRabbit Boston, MA $125,000.00 - $250,000.00 1 month ago See all jobs Similar pages Toplyne Software Development San Francisco, California Dyna Robotics Technology, Information and Internet Redwood City, CA Overmind Software Development Ema Software Development MetalBear Software Development New York, NY Traycer Software Development Alegeus Financial Services Boston, Massachusetts PassiveLogic Software Development Salt Lake City, UT Snapp AI Technology, Information and Internet San Francisco, CA Vercel Software Development San Francisco, California Show more similar pages Show fewer similar pages Browse jobs Engineer jobs 555,845 open jobs Engineering Manager jobs 145,990 open jobs Developer jobs 258,935 open jobs Analyst jobs 694,057 open jobs Manager jobs 1,880,925 open jobs Director jobs 1,220,357 open jobs Full Stack Engineer jobs 38,546 open jobs Software Engineering Manager jobs 59,689 open jobs Director of Product Management jobs 14,985 open jobs Senior Software Engineer jobs 78,145 open jobs Senior Product Manager jobs 50,771 open jobs Product Manager jobs 199,941 open jobs Scientist jobs 48,969 open jobs Associate Software Engineer jobs 223,979 open jobs Marketing Manager jobs 106,879 open jobs Consultant jobs 760,907 open jobs Software Engineer jobs 300,699 open jobs Co-Founder jobs 5,680 open jobs Quality Assurance Engineer jobs 31,450 open jobs Frontend Developer jobs 17,238 open jobs Show more jobs like this Show fewer jobs like this LinkedIn © 2026 About Accessibility User Agreement Privacy Policy Cookie Policy Copyright Policy Brand Policy Guest Controls Community Guidelines العربية (Arabic) বাংলা (Bangla) Čeština (Czech) Dansk (Danish) Deutsch (German) Ελληνικά (Greek) English (English) Español (Spanish) فارسی (Persian) Suomi (Finnish) Français (French) हिंदी (Hindi) Magyar (Hungarian) Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian) Italiano (Italian) עברית (Hebrew) 日本語 (Japanese) 한국어 (Korean) मराठी (Marathi) Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) Nederlands (Dutch) Norsk (Norwegian) ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi) Polski (Polish) Português (Portuguese) Română (Romanian) Русский (Russian) Svenska (Swedish) తెలుగు (Telugu) ภาษาไทย (Thai) Tagalog (Tagalog) Türkçe (Turkish) Українська (Ukrainian) Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese) 简体中文 (Chinese (Simplified)) 正體中文 (Chinese (Traditional)) Language | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://openfeature.dev/ecosystem?instant_search%5BrefinementList%5D%5Bvendor%5D%5B0%5D=PostHog | Ecosystem | OpenFeature Skip to main content Check out our KubeCon NA '25 recap, and our new training course! Docs Specification Ecosystem Community Support & Training Tutorials Blog Search Sections Docs Specification Community Tutorials Community BlueSky Twitter LinkedIn Join us on Slack YouTube More GitHub Trademarks © 2026 OpenFeature is a Cloud Native Computing Foundation incubating project | Documentation Distributed under CC BY 4.0 | All Rights Reserved | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
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https://openfeature.dev/ecosystem?instant_search%5BrefinementList%5D%5Bvendor%5D%5B0%5D=Bucketeer | Ecosystem | OpenFeature Skip to main content Check out our KubeCon NA '25 recap, and our new training course! Docs Specification Ecosystem Community Support & Training Tutorials Blog Search Sections Docs Specification Community Tutorials Community BlueSky Twitter LinkedIn Join us on Slack YouTube More GitHub Trademarks © 2026 OpenFeature is a Cloud Native Computing Foundation incubating project | Documentation Distributed under CC BY 4.0 | All Rights Reserved | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://openfeature.dev/blog | Blog | OpenFeature Skip to main content Check out our KubeCon NA '25 recap, and our new training course! Docs Specification Ecosystem Community Support & Training Tutorials Blog Search All Blog Posts 2025 KubeCon NA 2025 Recap and New CNCF Training Join OpenFeature at KubeCon + CloudNativeCon North America 2025! Scaling Feature Flags eBook: A Roadmap for Safer Releases & Faster Development TLDR: KubeCon EU 2025 Sentry OpenFeature Integration Vercel Flags SDK - OpenFeature Adapter DevCycle March 2025 - OpenFeature Hackathon Open Invitation to the Vendor Commitee OpenFeature at KubeCon EU '25 2024 KubeCon Wrapped & New Tracking Event Functionality Contributor Spotlight: Max VelDink OpenFeature at KubeCon NA '24 Announcing the OpenFeature Angular SDK! OpenFeature Contributor Spotlight: André Silva OpenFeature .NET SDK 2.0 Release Join OpenFeature at WeAreDevelopers World Congress '24 OpenFeature Multi-Provider Release OpenFeature React SDK Release Feature Observability Semantic Conventions OpenFeature Web SDK v1 OpenFeature at KubeCon EU '24 Reconciling with State: Simplifications and Improvements to Better Support Framework-Specific SDKs 2023 OpenFeature December 2023 Update: We're Incubating & more! Different approaches for server-side SDK architectures Naming is Hard: Renaming the @openfeature/js-sdk Flag Definition & Flag Evaluation Protocol Standardization Discussion Feature Flags: With Great Power Comes Great Responsiblity OpenFeature Adoption Story Feature Flags are just if Statements, Right? Specification 0.6.0 Catering to the client-side 2022 Specification hardening and 1.0 SDKs Configuring a logger for the go-sdk Creating a Provider for the go-sdk Creating a Hook for the go-sdk Collection of external articles OpenFeature - a standard for feature flagging KubeCon NA 2025 Recap and New CNCF Training November 18, 2025 · 3 min read Todd Baert Software Engineer at Dynatrace, OpenFeature maintainer What an incredible week! KubeCon North America 2025 has officially finished up, and we're still reflecting on all the energy, conversations, and sessions. If you couldn't make it, don't worry, we've got you covered with all the highlights as well as some exciting news... Read more Join OpenFeature at KubeCon + CloudNativeCon North America 2025! November 7, 2025 · 4 min read Todd Baert Software Engineer at Dynatrace, OpenFeature maintainer KubeCon + CloudNativeCon North America 2025 is just around the corner! Hosted in Atlanta, Georgia, from November 10-13 , this year’s event is packed with exciting sessions and discussions. Again among the highlights is the OpenFeature Summit , a co-located event dedicated to feature flagging and progressive delivery. Read more Scaling Feature Flags eBook: A Roadmap for Safer Releases & Faster Development June 13, 2025 · 5 min read Ben Rometsch Flagsmith Co-Founder & OpenFeature Governance Board Member I’m excited to share this collaborative guide from Flagsmith (featuring insights from OpenFeature & eBay) on how to scale feature flags while fighting vendor lock-in! Tags: blog scaling feature flags ebook flagsmith Read more TLDR: KubeCon EU 2025 April 16, 2025 · 5 min read Weyert de Boer Lead Developer at FNZ, OpenFeature maintainer Hello from the OpenFeature community! This post wraps up KubeCon EU 2025 and The OpenFeature Summit. Tags: kubecon cncf session talk booth OpenFeature summit co-located Read more Sentry OpenFeature Integration April 8, 2025 · 3 min read Jonathan Norris Co-Founder & CTO @ DevCycle, OpenFeature maintainer We're excited to announce that Sentry has released OpenFeature Hooks for JavaScript and Python , enabling developers to track feature flag evaluations directly in their error monitoring and performance tracking. Tags: sentry openfeature feature flags observability Read more Vercel Flags SDK - OpenFeature Adapter March 20, 2025 · 3 min read Jonathan Norris Co-Founder & CTO @ DevCycle, OpenFeature maintainer We are happy to share the news that Vercel's new open-source Flags SDK for Next.js and SvelteKit has shipped with a native OpenFeature Adapter . Tags: vercel flags sdk next.js openfeature adapter Read more DevCycle March 2025 - OpenFeature Hackathon March 19, 2025 · 10 min read Jonathan Norris Co-Founder & CTO @ DevCycle, OpenFeature maintainer A few times a year at DevCycle, we hit pause on our usual work, push aside our roadmaps, and dive into a few days of rapid experimentation and collaboration. For our first hackathon of 2025, we opted for an OpenFeature-theme —a chance to explore new ideas, test bold concepts, and build something innovative for the OpenFeature ecosystem together. Tags: devcycle hackathon Read more Open Invitation to the Vendor Commitee March 5, 2025 · 3 min read Weyert de Boer Lead Developer at FNZ, OpenFeature maintainer The OpenFeature project is excited to announce the formation of our Vendor Council — a collaborative forum designed to deepen engagement with commercial vendors and open-source maintainers in the feature flagging ecosystem. Tags: cncf vendors community Read more OpenFeature at KubeCon EU '25 February 6, 2025 · 5 min read Michael Beemer Product Manager at Dynatrace, OpenFeature maintainer Great news! The OpenFeature summit the OpenFeature Summit will be returning to KubeCon + CloudNativeCon Europe 2025. We have a fantastic lineup of speakers and sessions planned, and we can't wait to see you there. Tags: kubecon cncf session talk booth OpenFeature summit co-located Read more KubeCon Wrapped & New Tracking Event Functionality December 9, 2024 · 4 min read Todd Baert Software Engineer at Dynatrace, OpenFeature maintainer Hello from the OpenFeature community! This post is a double-feature of sorts: we'll be wrapping up our time at KubeCon NA 2024 as well as talking about our latest SDK feature: ✨ tracking events ✨ . Tags: tracking specification experimentation spec kubecon cncf Read more Older entries Sections Docs Specification Community Tutorials Community BlueSky Twitter LinkedIn Join us on Slack YouTube More GitHub Trademarks © 2026 OpenFeature is a Cloud Native Computing Foundation incubating project | Documentation Distributed under CC BY 4.0 | All Rights Reserved | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
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https://docs.suprsend.com/docs/hmac-authentication | HMAC Authentication - SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams Skip to main content SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Community Trust Center Platform Status Postman Collection GETTING STARTED What is SuprSend? Quick Start Guide Best Practices Plan Your Integration Go-live checklist CORE CONCEPTS Templates Users Events Workflow Notification Categories Preferences Tenants Lists Broadcast Objects Translations DLT Guidelines Whatsapp Template Guidelines WORKFLOW BUILDER Design Workflow Node List Workflow Settings Trigger Workflow Validate Trigger Payload Tenant Workflows Notification Inbox Overview Multi Tabs React Javascript (Angular, Vuejs etc) React Native React Native (Headless) HMAC Authentication DEPRECATED Flutter (Headless) PREFERENCE CENTRE Embedded Preference Centre Javascript Angular React VENDOR INTEGRATION GUIDE Overview Email Integrations SMS Integrations Android Push Whatsapp Integrations iOS Push Chat Integrations Vendor Fallback Tenant Vendor INTEGRATIONS Webhook Connectors MONITORING & DEBUGGING Logs Audit Logs Error Guides MANAGE YOUR ACCOUNT Authentication Methods Contact Us Get Started SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Ask AI Contact Us Get Started Get Started Search... Navigation React Native HMAC Authentication Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog React Native HMAC Authentication OpenAI Open in ChatGPT Steps to safely authenticate users and generate subscriber-id in headless Inbox implementation. OpenAI Open in ChatGPT Why HMAC authentication is required? When you initialize SuprSend’s Inbox on your website, you provide your SuprSend workspace API Key and a user’s distinct id. A savvy user can obtain this API Key with this setup and can initialize the inbox on their website with your API Key but with a different distinct id and start viewing that user’s notifications. With HMAC authentication, an SHA-256 HMAC string ( subscriber_id ) is generated for each distinct_id and prevents unauthorized access to Inbox service by just spoofing distinct_id . How to generate subscriber_id? Use the below function in your server-side code to generate a unique unguessable subscriber_id using your distinct_id and inbox-secret (picked from the Inbox Vendor Integration page). subscriber_id is unique to each distinct_id and should be generated for each user. Inbox Secret is the Shared Secret key available in your Inbox vendor page . This key is unique to your workspace and should not be shared with anyone for security purposes python go Node java PL/pgSQL Copy Ask AI import base64 import hashlib import hmac def hmac_rawurlsafe_base64_string ( distinct_id : str , secret : str ): digest = hmac.HMAC(secret.encode(), msg = distinct_id.encode(), digestmod = hashlib.sha256).digest() encoded = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(digest).decode() return encoded.rstrip( "=" ) It is imperative that the inbox secret is stored safely on your server side and not exposed to client-side code. NOTE: The subscriber_id must be generated by server-side code (not in browser) Even after setting up the inbox, if you are not able to see notifications then cross-check if your subscriber_id mentioned is exactly correct by opening the user’s tab in the Suprsend dashboard. Was this page helpful? Yes No Suggest edits Raise issue Previous Flutter (Headless) Integrate SuprSend inbox in Flutter using the headless SDK and hooks. Next ⌘ I x github linkedin youtube Powered by On this page Why HMAC authentication is required? How to generate subscriber_id? | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
https://dev.to/dougwithseismic | Doug silkstone - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Doug silkstone 404 bio not found Location Prague, CZ Joined Joined on Feb 11, 2025 Personal website https://withseismic.com github website More info about @dougwithseismic Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 1 post published Comment 0 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Spin up a License Key API on new Railway Functions In Less Than Two Minutes! Doug silkstone Doug silkstone Doug silkstone Follow Feb 11 '25 Spin up a License Key API on new Railway Functions In Less Than Two Minutes! # serverless # javascript # bunjs # railway Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:28 |
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https://dev.to/hb/react-vs-vue-vs-angular-vs-svelte-1fdm#angular | React vs Vue vs Angular vs Svelte - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Henry Boisdequin Posted on Nov 29, 2020 React vs Vue vs Angular vs Svelte # react # vue # angular # svelte In this article, I'm going to cover which of the top Javascript frontend frameworks: React, Vue, Angular, or Svelte is the best at certain factors and which one is the best for you. There are going to be 5 factors which we are going to look at: popularity, community/resources, performance, learning curve, and real-world examples. Before diving into any of these factors, let's take a look at what these frameworks are. 🔵 React Developed By : Facebook Open-source : Yes Licence : MIT Licence Initial Release : March 2013 Github Repo : https://github.com/facebook/react Description : React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces. Pros : Easy to learn and use Component-based: reusable code Performant and fast Large community Cons : JSX is required Poor documentation 🟢 Vue Developed By : Evan You Open-source : Yes Licence : MIT Licence Initial Release : Feburary 2014 Github Repo : https://github.com/vuejs/vue Description : Vue.js is a progressive, incrementally-adoptable JavaScript framework for building UI on the web. Pros : Performant and fast Component-based: reusable code Easy to learn and use Good and intuitive documentation Cons : Fewer resources compared to a framework like React Over flexibility at times 🔴 Angular Developed By : Google Open-source : Yes Licence : MIT Licence Initial Release : September 2016 Github Repo : https://github.com/angular/angular Description : Angular is a development platform for building mobile and desktop web applications using Typescript/JavaScript and other languages. Pros : Fast server performance MVC Architecture implementation Component-based: reusable code Good and intuitive documentation Cons : Steep learning curve Angular is very complex 🟠 Svelte Developed By : Rich Harris Open-source : Yes Licence : MIT Licence Initial Release : November 2016 Github Repo : https://github.com/sveltejs/svelte Description : Svelte is a new way to build web applications. It's a compiler that takes your declarative components and converts them into efficient JavaScript that surgically updates the DOM. Pros : No virtual DOM Truly reactive Easy to learn and use Component-based: reusable code Cons : Small community Confusion in variable names and syntax The 1st Factor: Popularity All of these options are extremely popular and are used by loads of developers. I'm going to compare these 4 frameworks in google trends, NPM trends, and the Stackoverflow 2020 survey results to see which one is the most popular. Note: Remember that popularity doesn't mean it has the largest community and resources. Google Trends Google trends measures the number of searches for a certain topic. Let's have a look at the results: Note: React is blue, Angular is red, Svelte is gold, Vue is green. The image above contains the trends for these 4 frontend frameworks over the past 5 years. As you can see, Angular and React are by far the most searched, with React being searched more than Angular. While Vue sits in the middle, Svelte is the clear least searched framework. Although Google Trends gives us the number of search results, it may be a bit deceiving so lets of on to NPM trends. NPM Trends NPM Trends is a tool created by John Potter, used to compare NPM packages popularity. This measures how many times a certain NPM package was downloaded. As you can see, React is clearly the most popular in terms of NPM package downloads. Angular and Vue are very similar on the chart, with them going back and forth while Svelte sits at the bottom once again. Stackoverflow 2020 Survey In February of 2020, close to 65 thousand developers filled out the Stackoverflow survey. This survey is the best in terms of what the actual developer community uses, loves, dreads, and wants. Above is the info for the most popular web frameworks. As you can see React and Angular are 2nd and 3rd but React still has a monumental lead. Vue sits happily in the middle but Svelte is nowhere to be seen. Above are the results for the most loved web frameworks. As you can see, React is still 2nd and this time Vue sits in 3rd. Angular is in the middle of the bunch, but yet again Svelte is not there. Note: Angular.js is not Angular Above are the most dreaded web frameworks. As you can see React and Vue are towards the bottom (which is good) while Angular is one of the most dreaded web frameworks. This is because React and Vue developers tend to make fun of Angular, mostly because of its predecessor Angular.js . Svelte is not on this list which is good for the framework. Explaining Svelte's "Bad" Results Some may say that Svelte performed poorly compared to the other 3 frameworks in this category. You would be right. Svelte is the new kid on the block, not many people are using it or know about it. Think of React, Vue, or Angular in their early stages: that's what Svelte is currently. Most of these frontend frameworks comparisons are between React, Vue, or Angular but since I think that Svelte is promising, I wanted to include it in this comparison. Most of the other factors, Svelte is ranking quite highly in. Wrapping up the 1st Factor: Popularity From the three different trends/surveys, we can conclude that React is the most popular out of the three but with Vue and Angular just behind. Popularity: React Angular Vue Svelte Note: it was very hard to choose between Angular and Vue since they are very close together but I think Angular just edges out Vue in the present day. The 2nd Factor: Community & Resources This factor will be about which framework has the best community and resources. This is a crucial factor as this helps you learn the technology and get help when you are stuck. We are going to be looking at the courses available and the community size behind these frameworks. Let's jump right into it! React React has a massive amount of resources and community members behind it. Firstly, they have a Spectrum chat which usually has around 200 developers looking to help you online. Also, they have a massive amount of Stackoverflow developers looking to help you. There are 262,951 Stackoverflow questions on React, one of the most active Stackoverflow tags. React also has a bunch of resources and tutorials. If you search up React tutorial there will be countless tutorials waiting for you. Here are my recommended React tutorials for getting started: Free: https://youtu.be/4UZrsTqkcW4 Paid: https://www.udemy.com/course/complete-react-developer-zero-to-mastery/ Vue Vue also has loads of resources and a large community but not as large as React. Vue has a Gitter chat with over 19,000 members. In addition, they have a massive Stackoverflow community with 68,778 questions. Where Vue really shines is its resources. Vue has more resources than I could imagine. Here are my recommended Vue tutorials for getting started: Free: https://youtu.be/e-E0UB-YDRk Paid: https://www.udemy.com/course/vuejs-2-the-complete-guide/ Angular Angular has a massive community. Their Gitter chat has over 22,489 people waiting to help you. Also, their Stackoverflow questions asked is over 238,506. Like React and Vue, Angular has a massive amount of resources to help you learn the framework. A downfall to these resources is that most of them are outdated (1-2 years old) but you can still find some great tutorials. Here are my recommended Angular tutorials for getting started: Free: https://youtu.be/Fdf5aTYRW0E Paid: https://www.udemy.com/course/the-complete-guide-to-angular-2/ Svelte Svelte has a growing community yet still has many quality tutorials and resources. An awesome guide to Svelte and their community is here: https://svelte-community.netlify.app . They have a decent Stackoverflow community with over 1,300 questions asked. Also, they have an awesome Discord community with over 1,500 members online on average. Svelte has a lot of great tutorials and resources, despite it only coming on to the world stage quite recently. Here are my recommended Svelte tutorials for getting started: Free: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zojEMeQGGHs&list=PL4cUxeGkcC9hlbrVO_2QFVqVPhlZmz7tO Paid: https://www.udemy.com/course/sveltejs-the-complete-guide/ Wrapping up the 2nd Factor: Community & Resources From just looking at the Stackoverflow community and the available resources, we can conclude that all of these 4 frameworks have a massive community and available resources. Community & Resources: React Vue & Angular* Svelte *I really couldn't decide between the two! The 3rd Factor: Performance In this factor, I will be going over which of these frameworks are the most performant. There are going to be three main components to this factor: speed test, startup test, and the memory allocation test. I will be using this website to compare the speed of all frameworks. Speed Test This test will compare each of the frameworks in a set of tasks and find out the speed of which they complete them. Let's have a look at the results. As you can see, just by the colours that Svelte and Vue are indeed the most performant in this category. This table has the name of the actions on one side and the results on the other. At the bottom of the table, we can see something called slowdown geometric mean. Slowdown geometric mean is an indicator of overall performance and speed by a framework. From this, we can conclude that this category ranking: Vue - 1.17 slowdown geometric mean Svelte - 1.19 slowdown geometric mean React & Angular - 1.27 slowdown geometric mean Startup Test The startup test measures how long it takes for one of these frameworks to "startup". Let's see the table. As you can see, Svelte is the clear winner. For every single one of these performance tests, Svelte is blazing fast (if you want to know how Svelte does this, move to the "Why is Svelte so performant?" section). From these results, we can create this category ranking. Svelte Vue React Angular Memory Test The memory test sees which framework takes up the least amount of memory for the same test. Let's jump into the results. Similarly to the startup test, Svelte is clearly on top. Vue and React are quite similar while Angular (once again) is the least performant. From this, we can derive this category ranking. Svelte Vue React Angular Why is Svelte so performant? TL;DR: No Virtual DOM Compiled to just JS Small bundles Before looking at why Svelte is how performant, we need to understand how Svelte works. Svelte is not compiled to JS, HTML, and CSS files. You might be thinking: what!? But that's right, instead of doing that it compiles highly optimized JS files. This means that the application needs no dependencies to start and it's blazing fast. This way no virtual DOM is needed. Your components are compiled to Javascript and the DOM doesn't need to update. Also, it also takes up little memory as it complies in highly optimized, small bundles of Javascript. Wrapping up the 3rd Factor: Performance Svelte made a huge push in this factor, blowing away the others! From the three categories, let's rank these frameworks in terms of performance. Svelte Vue React Angular The 4th Factor: Learning Curve In this factor, we will be looking at how long and how easy it is to be able to build real-world (frontend-only) applications. This is one of the most important factors if you are looking to get going with this framework quickly. Let's dive right into it. React React is super easy to learn. React almost takes no time to learn, I would even say if you are proficient at Javascript and HTML, you can learn the basics in a day. Since we are looking about how long it takes to build a real-world project, this is the list of things you need to learn: How React works JSX State Props Main Hooks useState useEffect useRef useMemo Components NPM, Bebel, Webpack, ES6+ Functional Components vs Class Components React Router Create React App, Next.js, or Gatsby Optional but recommended: Redux, Recoil, Zustand, or Providers Vue In my opinion, Vue takes a bit more time than React to build a real project. With a bit of work, you could learn the Vue fundamentals in less than 3 days. Although Vue takes longer to learn, it is definitely one of the fastest popular Javascript frameworks to learn. Here is the list of things you need to learn: How Vue Works .vue files NPM, Bebel, Webpack, ES6+ State management Vuex Components create-vue-app/Vue CLI Vue Router Declarative Rendering Conditionals and Loops Vue Instance Vue Shorthands Optional: Nuxt.js, Vuetify, NativeScript-Vue Angular Angular is a massive framework, much larger than any other in this comparison. This may be why Angular is not as performant as other frameworks such as React, Svelte, or Vue. To learn the basics of Angular, it could take a week or more. Here are the things you need to learn to build a real-world app in Angular: How Angular Works Typescript Data Types Defining Types Type Inference Interfaces Union Types Function type definitions Two-way data binding Dependency Injection Components Routing NPM, Bebel, Webpack, ES6+ Directives Templates HTTP Client Svelte One could argue that Svelte is the easiest framework to learn in this comparison. I would agree with that. Svelte's syntax is very similar to an HTML file. I would say that you could learn the Svelte basics in a day. Here are the things you need to learn to build a real-world app in Svelte: How Svelte Works .svelte files NPM, Bebel, Webpack, ES6+ Reactivity Props If, Else, Else ifs/Logic Events Binding Lifecycle Methods Context API State in Svelte Svelte Routing Wrapping up the 4th Factor: Learning Curve All these frameworks (especially Vue, Svelte, and React) are extremely easy to learn, very much so when one is already proficient with Javascript and HTML. Let's rank these technologies in terms of their learning curve! (ordered in fastest to learn to longest to learn) Svelte React Vue Angular The 5th Factor: Real-world examples In this factor, the final factor, we will be looking at some real-world examples of apps using that particular framework. At the end of this factor, the technologies won't be ranking but it's up to you to see which of these framework's syntax and way of doing things you like best. Let's dive right into it! React Top 5 Real-world companies using React : Facebook, Instagram, Whatsapp, Yahoo!, Netflix Displaying "Hello World" in React : import React from ' react ' ; function App () { return ( < div > Hello World </ div > ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Vue Top 5 Real-world companies using Vue : NASA, Gitlab, Nintendo, Grammarly, Adobe Displaying "Hello World" in Vue : < template > <h1> Hello World </h1> </ template > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Angular Top 5 Real-world companies using Angular : Google, Microsoft, Deutsche Bank, Forbes, PayPal Displaying "Hello World" in Angular : import { Component } from ' @angular/core ' ; @ Component ({ selector : ' my-app ' , template : &lt;h1&gt;Hello World&lt;/h1&gt; , }) export class AppComponent ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Svelte Top 5 Real-world companies using Svelte : Alaska Air, Godaddy, Philips, Spotify, New York Times Displaying "Hello World" in Svelte : <h1> Hello world </h1> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Wrapping up the 5th Factor: Real-world Examples Wow! Some huge companies that we use on a daily basis use the frameworks that we use. This shows that all of these frameworks can be used to build apps as big as these household names. Also, the syntax of all of these frameworks is extremely intuitive and easy to learn. You can decide which one you like best! Conculsion I know, you're looking for a ranking of all of these frameworks. It really depends but to fulfil your craving for a ranking, I'll give you my personal opinion : Svelte React Vue Angular This would be my ranking but based on these 5 factors, choose whichever framework you like best and feel yourself coding every day in, all of them are awesome. I hope that you found this article interesting and maybe picked a new framework to learn (I'm going to learn Svelte)! Please let me know which frontend framework you use and why you use it. Thanks for reading! Henry Top comments (47) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand stefanovualto stefanovualto stefanovualto Follow Joined Feb 5, 2018 • Nov 29 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Henry, I mostly agree with the point 1,2,3. But point 4 is subjective depending on your background and previous knowledge. To improve your post, you should add a note explaining what's your background. Finally point 5 are not similar at all. The vue example is a complete page using a reactive property. Anyway as @johnpapa said in a talk, you can achieve almost the same result with any framework, pick the one which feels right for you... :) Like comment: Like comment: 13 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Follow Programmer x Swimmer | React Dev, Machine Learning Enthusiast, Rustacean Email boisdequinhenry19@gmail.com Joined Oct 12, 2020 • Nov 29 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes, I agree with you! I would recommend anyone to learn the framework which feels right for you. For the Vue example, I'm not an expert at Vue and don't know a better way to do it (if you have a smaller, more concise 'hello world' example, please comment it). I will definitely work an a 'what's my background section'. To explain it know: I've been using React in all my web dev projects. I have basic knowledge of Vue, Angular, and Svelte. After looking at these 5 factors, I plan to use Svelte for my coming projects. Thanks, @stefanovualto for the feedback! Like comment: Like comment: 8 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Christopher Wray Christopher Wray Christopher Wray Follow Email chris@sol.company Location Pasco, WA Education Western Governors University Work Senior Software Engineer at Soltech Joined Jan 14, 2020 • Nov 29 '20 • Edited on Nov 29 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide In the Vue example you are using data components. For the others just plain html. You could have a Vue component with a template of just the h1 tag and no script. It would look more like the svelte example. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Follow Programmer x Swimmer | React Dev, Machine Learning Enthusiast, Rustacean Email boisdequinhenry19@gmail.com Joined Oct 12, 2020 • Nov 29 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide ✅ Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread stefanovualto stefanovualto stefanovualto Follow Joined Feb 5, 2018 • Nov 29 '20 • Edited on Nov 29 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide In your vue example, I think that you should expect to be in a .vue file lik le it seems to be in the others (I mean that you have the whole bundling machinery working under the hood). Then something similar would be: <template> <h1> Hello world! </h1> </template> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Maybe a pro' for vue is that it can be adopted/used progressively without having to rely on building process (which I am assuming are mandatory for react, svelte and maybe angular). What I mean is that your previous example worked, but it wasn't comparable to the others. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Zen Zen Zen Follow Mahasiswa Psikologi Email muhzaini30@gmail.com Location Samarinda Education Psikologi, TI Work Developer Android at Toko sepeda Sinar Jaya Joined Mar 25, 2019 • Nov 30 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I'm usually using Svelte for my projects. Because, it's simple, write less, and get more Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ryan Carniato Ryan Carniato Ryan Carniato Follow Frontend performance enthusiast and Fine-Grained Reactivity super fan. Author of the SolidJS UI library and MarkoJS Core Team Member. Location Portland, Oregon Education Computer Engineering B.A.Sc, University of British Columbia Work Principal Engineer, Open Source, Netlify Joined Jun 25, 2019 • Dec 3 '20 • Edited on Dec 3 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide A couple thoughts. "Requires JSX" a downside??? I almost stopped reading at that point. Template DSLs are more or less the same. If that's a con, doesn't support JSX could easily be seen as one. There are reasonable arguments for both sides and this shows extreme bias. Vue is "truly reactive" as well. Whatever that means. Your JS Framework Benchmark results are over 2 years old. Svelte and Vue 3 are both out and in the current results. He now publishes them per Chrome version. Here are the latest: krausest.github.io/js-framework-be... . It doesn't change the final positions much, but Svelte and Vue look much more favorable in newer results. If anyone is interested in how those benchmarks work in more detail I suggest reading: dev.to/ryansolid/making-sense-of-t... Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Follow Programmer x Swimmer | React Dev, Machine Learning Enthusiast, Rustacean Email boisdequinhenry19@gmail.com Joined Oct 12, 2020 • Dec 3 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I'm a React dev and it's my favourite framework out of the bunch. When I did some research and asked some other developers when they think of React they think of needing to learn JSX. For something like Svelte, all you need to know is HTML, CSS, and JS. I know that my benchmarks were two years old and I addressed this multiple times before: For the performance factor, I knew that the frameworks were a bit outdated but the general gist stated the same. Svelte 3 was released some time ago and that blows all of the other frameworks out of the water in terms of performance hence Svelte would stay on top. Vue and React are very similar in performance, Vue even says so themselves: vuejs.org/v2/guide/comparison.html. Since, Angular is a massive framework with built-in routing, etc, its performance didn't become better than Vue, React, or Svelte in its newer versions. Thanks for the new benchmark website, I will definitely be using that in the future. Also, I just read your benchmark article and its a good explanation on how these benchmarks work. Thanks for your input. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ryan Carniato Ryan Carniato Ryan Carniato Follow Frontend performance enthusiast and Fine-Grained Reactivity super fan. Author of the SolidJS UI library and MarkoJS Core Team Member. Location Portland, Oregon Education Computer Engineering B.A.Sc, University of British Columbia Work Principal Engineer, Open Source, Netlify Joined Jun 25, 2019 • Dec 3 '20 • Edited on Dec 3 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Here's the index page where he posts new results as they come up: krausest.github.io/js-framework-be... When I did some research and asked some other developers when they think of React they think of needing to learn JSX. For something like Svelte, all you need to know is HTML, CSS, and JS. Svelte has good marketing clearly. Is this HTML? <label> <input type= "checkbox" bind:checked= {visible} > visible </label> {#if visible} <p transition:fade > Fades in and out </p> {/if} Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Or this HTML? <a @ [event]= "doSomething" > ... </a> <ul id= "example-1" > <li v-for= "item in items" :key= "item.message" > {{ item.message }} </li> </ul> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode How about this? <form onSubmit= {handleSubmit} > <label htmlFor= "new-todo" > What needs to be done? </label> <input id= "new-todo" onChange= {handleChange} value= {text} /> <button> Add #{items.length + 1} </button> </form> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Thread Thread Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Follow Programmer x Swimmer | React Dev, Machine Learning Enthusiast, Rustacean Email boisdequinhenry19@gmail.com Joined Oct 12, 2020 • Dec 3 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide That's why a con of Svelte is its syntax (I added that in my post). This is more explanation to that point: Firstly, for confusion in variable names, I'm talking about how Svelte handles state. Coming from React, state would only be initialized with the useState hook. In Svelte, all the variables you make is state which could be confusing for someone just learning Svelte. Also, for the confusion in syntax, I'm talking about the confusion in logic. For example, if statements in Svelte are different than the usual Javascript if statements which could cause some confusion/more learning time for beginners. There are also other examples of this. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Zen Zen Zen Follow Mahasiswa Psikologi Email muhzaini30@gmail.com Location Samarinda Education Psikologi, TI Work Developer Android at Toko sepeda Sinar Jaya Joined Mar 25, 2019 • Nov 29 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide why svelte is not seen in search trend? because, svelte's docs is very easy to new comer in this framework Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Follow Programmer x Swimmer | React Dev, Machine Learning Enthusiast, Rustacean Email boisdequinhenry19@gmail.com Joined Oct 12, 2020 • Nov 29 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I'm not really sure @mzaini30 . A great pro of Svelte is its docs and tutorial on its website. I think in 1-2 years, you are going to see Svelte at least where Vue is in the search trends. Most of the search trends come from developers asking questions like how to fix this error, or how to do this but since not many people use Svelte (compared to the other frameworks) there are not many questions being asked. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Bergamof Bergamof Bergamof Follow Location Bordeaux, France Education 3iL Work Senior Developer at IPPON Technologies Joined Nov 30, 2020 • Nov 30 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Sure! Too bad the great Svelte tutorial was not mentioned. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Follow Programmer x Swimmer | React Dev, Machine Learning Enthusiast, Rustacean Email boisdequinhenry19@gmail.com Joined Oct 12, 2020 • Nov 30 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It's a great tutorial, but I decided to just add video tutorials. In the community factor, I give a link to the Svelte community website which features that tutorial! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Writing code for 35+ years and still enjoy it... Location Krakow, Poland Work Senior Software Engineer Joined Mar 14, 2019 • Dec 3 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Sad that Solid not even mentioned, although it's the one of the best performing frameworks. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Follow Programmer x Swimmer | React Dev, Machine Learning Enthusiast, Rustacean Email boisdequinhenry19@gmail.com Joined Oct 12, 2020 • Dec 3 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I've never actually heard of solid. I'll check it out! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Writing code for 35+ years and still enjoy it... Location Krakow, Poland Work Senior Software Engineer Joined Mar 14, 2019 • Dec 3 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Well, author of the Solid is even commented in this topic. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Ryan Carniato Ryan Carniato Ryan Carniato Follow Frontend performance enthusiast and Fine-Grained Reactivity super fan. Author of the SolidJS UI library and MarkoJS Core Team Member. Location Portland, Oregon Education Computer Engineering B.A.Sc, University of British Columbia Work Principal Engineer, Open Source, Netlify Joined Jun 25, 2019 • Dec 16 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide To be fair, performance is only one area and arguably the least important. Even if Solid completely dominates across the board in all things performance by a considerable margin, we have a long way before popularity, community, or realworld usage really makes it worth even being in a comparison of this nature. But I appreciate the sentiment. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Thread Thread Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Writing code for 35+ years and still enjoy it... Location Krakow, Poland Work Senior Software Engineer Joined Mar 14, 2019 • Dec 16 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Well, good performance across the board usually is a clear sign of high technical quality of design and implementation. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand dallgoot dallgoot dallgoot Follow Location France Joined Oct 3, 2017 • Jan 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I don't want to start a flamewar but i see a trend where React is considered the -only- viable framework and -some- people reacting like religious zealots against any critics because "it's the best ! it's made by Facebook!" React is too hyped IMHO. Svelte is a a true innovation. And yes performance matters. Angular and Vue may lose traction with time... i think... i fail to see their distinctive useful points. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Follow Programmer x Swimmer | React Dev, Machine Learning Enthusiast, Rustacean Email boisdequinhenry19@gmail.com Joined Oct 12, 2020 • Jan 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I completely agree with you. Most React devs now will not try any other framework and just make fun of the others. I completely agree that React is too hyped. Unfortunately, as you stated, Angular and Vue are losing some traction. I also agree with you that Svelte is a true innovation, this is why I put Svelte at number 1! For 2021, I will focus on using Svelte. Thanks for reading! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Sylvain Simao Sylvain Simao Sylvain Simao Follow Building kuizto.co 🥦🍄🥔🥕 • Fractional CTO sylvainsimao.com • Prev CTO at Travis, Tech Director at ClemengerBBDO • Love building for the web! Location Brisbane, Australia Work Founder at kuizto.co Joined Mar 7, 2019 • Dec 3 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide React with a smaller learning curve than Vue.js 🤔 Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Follow Programmer x Swimmer | React Dev, Machine Learning Enthusiast, Rustacean Email boisdequinhenry19@gmail.com Joined Oct 12, 2020 • Dec 3 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide They were very tight but I would say that React has a smaller learning curve as its more intuitive and has easier syntax than Vue. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Sylvain Simao Sylvain Simao Sylvain Simao Follow Building kuizto.co 🥦🍄🥔🥕 • Fractional CTO sylvainsimao.com • Prev CTO at Travis, Tech Director at ClemengerBBDO • Love building for the web! Location Brisbane, Australia Work Founder at kuizto.co Joined Mar 7, 2019 • Dec 4 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Sorry @hb , you've decided to go on a touchy subject by writing this article! I will have to disagree with you on that point. I think it's perfectly okay to prefer using React. There are many reasons why it is a good choice. However, an easy learning curve isn't part of it. Just so there is no ambiguity, after having used all the Frameworks from this article - my choice goes towards Vue.js and Svelte, but I'll try to remain as objective as possible. 1) According to the State of JS survey 2018 (not using 2019, because that same question wasn't part of last year's survey). From 20,268 developers interrogated, the number #1 argument about Vue.js is an easy learning curve. For React it comes at position #11 (top 3 beings: elegant programming style, rick package ecosystem, and well-established): 2018.stateofjs.com/front-end-frame... 2018.stateofjs.com/front-end-frame... 2) Main reason why Vue.js is labelled "The Progressive JavaScript Framework", is because it is progressive to implement and to learn. Before you can get started with React, you need to know about JSX and build systems. On the other end, Vue.js can be used just by dropping a single script tag into your page and using plain HTML and CSS. This makes a huge difference in terms of approachability of the Framework. 3) Maybe less objective on this one - but from my own professional experience with both Frameworks and leading teams of developers - it usually takes Junior Developers almost twice the time to become proficient with React than with Vue.js. Firstly because of what I mentioned in point number 2. Secondly, because React has few abstraction leaks that makes performance optimisation something developers have to deal with themselves (using memoize hooks). It's a concept that is hard to understand, but essentials if working on large applications. Thirdly, because of the documentation (as you mentioned in your article). And lastly because of the fragmented ecosystem of libraries that can quickly be overwhelming for Junior Devs. Again, I think there are a lot of reasons why React can be a good choice. But not because of the learning curve. Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Thorsten Hirsch Thorsten Hirsch Thorsten Hirsch Follow Joined Feb 5, 2017 • Nov 29 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Angular 6? Well, they just released version 11 and there was the switch to Ivy since version 6, so what about a more recent benchmark? And looking at the Google trends chart I wonder why all 3 (React/Angular/Vue) lost quite a bit of their popularity during the past months... any new kid on the block? It's obviously not Svelte, which could hardly benefit from the others' losses. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Follow Programmer x Swimmer | React Dev, Machine Learning Enthusiast, Rustacean Email boisdequinhenry19@gmail.com Joined Oct 12, 2020 • Nov 30 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide For the performance factor, I knew that the frameworks were a bit outdated but the general gist stated the same. Svelte 3 was released some time ago and that blows all of the other frameworks out of the water in terms of performance hence Svelte would stay on top. Vue and React are very similar in performance, Vue even says so themselves: vuejs.org/v2/guide/comparison.html . Since, Angular is a massive framework with built-in routing, etc, its performance didn't become better than Vue, React, or Svelte in its newer versions. For the search results, they are unpredictable. To my knowledge, there is no new kid on the block in terms of frontend Javascript frameworks. If anything, more people are using Web Assembly. As you can see from the search results graph, it goes up and down, changing all the time. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Shriji Shriji Shriji Follow Co-Founder @anoram. High-Performance JavaScript Apps. Location Canada Work DevOps at Anoram Joined May 31, 2020 • Nov 29 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Also, it would be great if you could give a little explanation of this point Confusion in variable names and syntax Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Follow Programmer x Swimmer | React Dev, Machine Learning Enthusiast, Rustacean Email boisdequinhenry19@gmail.com Joined Oct 12, 2020 • Nov 30 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Firstly, for confusion in variable names, I'm talking about how Svelte handles state. Coming from React, state would only be initialized with the useState hook. In Svelte, all the variables you make is state which could be confusing for someone just learning Svelte. Also, for the confusion in syntax, I'm talking about the confusion in logic. For example, if statements in Svelte are different than the usual Javascript if statements which could cause some confusion/more learning time for beginners. There are also other examples of this. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Shriji Shriji Shriji Follow Co-Founder @anoram. High-Performance JavaScript Apps. Location Canada Work DevOps at Anoram Joined May 31, 2020 • Nov 30 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It makes syntax simpler TBH. React isn't even a direct comparison to Svelte. The only syntax that users will get accustomed to is $ assignments. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Shriji Shriji Shriji Follow Co-Founder @anoram. High-Performance JavaScript Apps. Location Canada Work DevOps at Anoram Joined May 31, 2020 • Nov 29 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You forgot to mention that Svelte has a great discord :) Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Follow Programmer x Swimmer | React Dev, Machine Learning Enthusiast, Rustacean Email boisdequinhenry19@gmail.com Joined Oct 12, 2020 • Nov 29 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I just had a look at it, a great tool! I'll add it to the post! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nikola Nikola Nikola Follow Work Angular developer at Cinnamon Agency Joined Jan 21, 2020 • Nov 30 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Angular con: it is complex? what.... Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nathan Cai Nathan Cai Nathan Cai Follow A JavaScript one trick pony who loves to code. I live and breath NodeJS, currently learning React and Angular. Location Toronto, Ontario, Canada Education High School Work Back End Developer at Ensemble Education Joined Jun 18, 2020 • Dec 1 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Learning Angular is actually no that bad until RXJS comes in Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Henry Boisdequin Follow Programmer x Swimmer | React Dev, Machine Learning Enthusiast, Rustacean Email boisdequinhenry19@gmail.com Joined Oct 12, 2020 • Dec 1 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You need to learn Typescript Smart/Dumb Components One-way Dataflow and Immutability And much more It's much more complex and harder to understand than the other frameworks on this list. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nikola Nikola Nikola Follow Work Angular developer at Cinnamon Agency Joined Jan 21, 2020 • Dec 1 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide learn typescript? You mean to start writing it... it's easy and intuitive, I'm writing Angular, React, and Node code only in typescript. Smart/Dumb Components? I really don't understand what is this referred to? Angular has two-way data biding, and even easier data passing to the child and back to the parent. And of course, it has more features, its framework, React is more like a library compared to Angular. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Hanster Hanster Hanster Follow Joined Oct 19, 2021 • Oct 19 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I fully agree. Comparing framework e.g angular against library e.g react, is like comparing a smart tv against a traditional tv. Of course smart tv is more challenging to learn it's usage, not because it's lousy, but it has more features beyond watching tv. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (47 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Henry Boisdequin Follow Programmer x Swimmer | React Dev, Machine Learning Enthusiast, Rustacean Joined Oct 12, 2020 More from Henry Boisdequin Weekly Update #1 - 10th Jan 2021 # devjournal # rust # typescript # svelte The 6 Month Web Development Mastery Plan in 2020 — For Free # webdev # react # javascript # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Gabor Szabo Posted on Dec 6, 2022 • Originally published at code-maven.com Download and install git on Linux, Windows, and macOS # git # programming # beginners # tutoral git-on-windows (2 Part Series) 1 Why use a version control system? - 💒 2 Download and install git on Linux, Windows, and macOS This time we are going to talk about downloading and installing git. There is going to be a separate episode on how to install on Windows, this is some generic overview. All the slides and the specific slides about git installation . Linux For RedHat, CentOS and similar yum-based Linux distributions: sudo yum install git-core Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode For Ubuntu, Debian, and other apt- or deb-based Linux distributions: sudo apt-get install git-core Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode You could also download the latest version of git from git-scm , but usually you are better off using the version that is packaged by the vendor of your Linux distribution. It is usually better to use the standard package-management system of your Linux distribution. Of course, if you have a really, really old version of Linux then, ..., then yous should probably upgrade your Linux. Well even in older versions of Linux you are still better off using git that was packaged by the vendor. Windows For Windows there will be a separate video and article, but I'd recommend downloading git from git-scm . Apple macOS For macOS you could also use the package from git-scm , but probably a better way is to first install Homebrew and then that install git using: brew install git Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In case you are not familiar with it, Homebrew is a package management system for Mac OSX. It is like apt or yum for Linux. It's a tool to install all kinds of open source projects. You'll probably need a lot more tools than just git, so that's why it is probably better to use Homebrew for git as well. git-on-windows (2 Part Series) 1 Why use a version control system? - 💒 2 Download and install git on Linux, Windows, and macOS Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Mark Gardner Mark Gardner Mark Gardner Follow I show software developers how to level up by building production-ready things that work. Clear code, real projects, lessons learned. Location Houston, Texas Education Independence University Pronouns he, him, his Work Software Engineer III at LexisNexis Risk Solutions Joined Nov 9, 2020 • Dec 7 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It’s called macOS now, and if you run git from the Terminal on a new system it will offer to download it and the rest of the command line developer tools for you. You can also go the Homebrew route but it’s another updater to run and possibly automate. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 More from Gabor Szabo Perl 🐪 Weekly #755 - Does TIOBE help Perl? # perl # news # programming Perl 🐪 Weekly #754 - New Year Resolution # perl # news # programming Perl 🐪 Weekly #753 - Happy New Year! # perl # news # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/writing-on-github/getting-started-with-writing-and-formatting-on-github/basic-writing-and-formatting-syntax | Basic writing and formatting syntax - GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Free, Pro, & Team Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar Get started / Writing on GitHub / Start writing on GitHub / Basic formatting syntax Home Get started Start your journey About GitHub and Git Create an account Hello World Set up your profile Find inspiration Download files Upload a project Learning resources Onboarding Getting started with your GitHub account Getting started with GitHub Team Getting started with the GitHub Enterprise Cloud trial Getting started with GitHub Enterprise Cloud Using GitHub GitHub flow Connecting to GitHub Communicating on GitHub Feature preview Supported browsers GitHub Mobile Allow network access Connectivity problems Learning about GitHub GitHub’s plans GitHub language support Types of GitHub accounts Access permissions GitHub Advanced Security Changes to GitHub plans GitHub glossary Learn to code Get started with Git Finding example code Reuse people's code Set up Copilot for learning Local development Debug with Copilot Storing secrets safely Getting feedback on your code Secure your code Secure your dependencies Accessibility Manage theme settings Keyboard shortcuts GitHub Command Palette Writing on GitHub Start writing on GitHub Quickstart About writing & formatting Basic formatting syntax Work with advanced formatting Organized data with tables Collapsed sections Create code blocks Create diagrams Mathematical expressions Auto linked references Attaching files About tasklists Permanent links to code Using keywords in issues and pull requests Work with saved replies About saved replies Creating a saved reply Editing a saved reply Deleting a saved reply Using saved replies Share content with gists Creating gists Forking and cloning gists Saving gists with stars Moderating gist comments Explore projects Finding open source projects Contribute to open source Use Copilot to explore projects Contribute to a project Save repositories with stars Following people Following organizations Git basics Set up Git Set your username Caching credentials Repeated credential prompts macOS Keychain credentials Git workflows About remote repositories Manage remote repositories Associate text editors Handle line endings Ignoring files Git cheatsheet Using Git About Git Push commits to a remote Get changes from a remote Non-fast-forward error Splitting a subfolder About Git subtree merges About Git rebase Git rebase Resolve conflicts after rebase Special characters in names Maximum push limit Archive account and public repos Request account archive GitHub Archive program Using GitHub Docs Docs versions Hover cards GitHub Certifications About GitHub Certifications Registering for an exam Get started / Writing on GitHub / Start writing on GitHub / Basic formatting syntax Basic writing and formatting syntax Create sophisticated formatting for your prose and code on GitHub with simple syntax. Who can use this feature? Markdown can be used in the GitHub web interface. View page as Markdown In this article Headings Styling text Quoting text Quoting code Supported color models Links Section links Relative links Custom anchors Line breaks Images Lists Task lists Mentioning people and teams Referencing issues and pull requests Referencing external resources Uploading assets Using emojis Paragraphs Footnotes Alerts Hiding content with comments Ignoring Markdown formatting Disabling Markdown rendering Further reading Headings To create a heading, add one to six # symbols before your heading text. The number of # you use will determine the hierarchy level and typeface size of the heading. # A first-level heading ## A second-level heading ### A third-level heading When you use two or more headings, GitHub automatically generates a table of contents that you can access by clicking within the file header. Each heading title is listed in the table of contents and you can click a title to navigate to the selected section. Styling text You can indicate emphasis with bold, italic, strikethrough, subscript, or superscript text in comment fields and .md files. Style Syntax Keyboard shortcut Example Output Bold ** ** or __ __ Command + B (Mac) or Ctrl + B (Windows/Linux) **This is bold text** This is bold text Italic * * or _ _ Command + I (Mac) or Ctrl + I (Windows/Linux) _This text is italicized_ This text is italicized Strikethrough ~~ ~~ or ~ ~ None ~~This was mistaken text~~ This was mistaken text Bold and nested italic ** ** and _ _ None **This text is _extremely_ important** This text is extremely important All bold and italic *** *** None ***All this text is important*** All this text is important Subscript <sub> </sub> None This is a <sub>subscript</sub> text This is a subscript text Superscript <sup> </sup> None This is a <sup>superscript</sup> text This is a superscript text Underline <ins> </ins> None This is an <ins>underlined</ins> text This is an underlined text Quoting text You can quote text with a > . Text that is not a quote > Text that is a quote Quoted text is indented with a vertical line on the left and displayed using gray type. Note When viewing a conversation, you can automatically quote text in a comment by highlighting the text, then typing R . You can quote an entire comment by clicking , then Quote reply . For more information about keyboard shortcuts, see Keyboard shortcuts . Quoting code You can call out code or a command within a sentence with single backticks. The text within the backticks will not be formatted. You can also press the Command + E (Mac) or Ctrl + E (Windows/Linux) keyboard shortcut to insert the backticks for a code block within a line of Markdown. Use `git status` to list all new or modified files that haven't yet been committed. To format code or text into its own distinct block, use triple backticks. Some basic Git commands are: ``` git status git add git commit ``` For more information, see Creating and highlighting code blocks . If you are frequently editing code snippets and tables, you may benefit from enabling a fixed-width font in all comment fields on GitHub. For more information, see About writing and formatting on GitHub . Supported color models In issues, pull requests, and discussions, you can call out colors within a sentence by using backticks. A supported color model within backticks will display a visualization of the color. The background color is `#ffffff` for light mode and `#000000` for dark mode. Here are the currently supported color models. Color Syntax Example Output HEX `#RRGGBB` `#0969DA` RGB `rgb(R,G,B)` `rgb(9, 105, 218)` HSL `hsl(H,S,L)` `hsl(212, 92%, 45%)` Note A supported color model cannot have any leading or trailing spaces within the backticks. The visualization of the color is only supported in issues, pull requests, and discussions. Links You can create an inline link by wrapping link text in brackets [ ] , and then wrapping the URL in parentheses ( ) . You can also use the keyboard shortcut Command + K to create a link. When you have text selected, you can paste a URL from your clipboard to automatically create a link from the selection. You can also create a Markdown hyperlink by highlighting the text and using the keyboard shortcut Command + V . If you'd like to replace the text with the link, use the keyboard shortcut Command + Shift + V . This site was built using [GitHub Pages](https://pages.github.com/). Note GitHub automatically creates links when valid URLs are written in a comment. For more information, see Autolinked references and URLs . Section links You can link directly to any section that has a heading. To view the automatically generated anchor in a rendered file, hover over the section heading to expose the icon and click the icon to display the anchor in your browser. If you need to determine the anchor for a heading in a file you are editing, you can use the following basic rules: Letters are converted to lower-case. Spaces are replaced by hyphens ( - ). Any other whitespace or punctuation characters are removed. Leading and trailing whitespace are removed. Markup formatting is removed, leaving only the contents (for example, _italics_ becomes italics ). If the automatically generated anchor for a heading is identical to an earlier anchor in the same document, a unique identifier is generated by appending a hyphen and an auto-incrementing integer. For more detailed information on the requirements of URI fragments, see RFC 3986: Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax, Section 3.5 . The code block below demonstrates the basic rules used to generate anchors from headings in rendered content. # Example headings ## Sample Section ## This'll be a _Helpful_ Section About the Greek Letter Θ! A heading containing characters not allowed in fragments, UTF-8 characters, two consecutive spaces between the first and second words, and formatting. ## This heading is not unique in the file TEXT 1 ## This heading is not unique in the file TEXT 2 # Links to the example headings above Link to the sample section: [ Link Text ]( #sample-section ). Link to the helpful section: [ Link Text ]( #thisll-be-a-helpful-section-about-the-greek-letter-Θ ). Link to the first non-unique section: [ Link Text ]( #this-heading-is-not-unique-in-the-file ). Link to the second non-unique section: [ Link Text ]( #this-heading-is-not-unique-in-the-file-1 ). Note If you edit a heading, or if you change the order of headings with "identical" anchors, you will also need to update any links to those headings as the anchors will change. Relative links You can define relative links and image paths in your rendered files to help readers navigate to other files in your repository. A relative link is a link that is relative to the current file. For example, if you have a README file in root of your repository, and you have another file in docs/CONTRIBUTING.md , the relative link to CONTRIBUTING.md in your README might look like this: [Contribution guidelines for this project](docs/CONTRIBUTING.md) GitHub will automatically transform your relative link or image path based on whatever branch you're currently on, so that the link or path always works. The path of the link will be relative to the current file. Links starting with / will be relative to the repository root. You can use all relative link operands, such as ./ and ../ . Your link text should be on a single line. The example below will not work. [Contribution guidelines for this project](docs/CONTRIBUTING.md) Relative links are easier for users who clone your repository. Absolute links may not work in clones of your repository - we recommend using relative links to refer to other files within your repository. Custom anchors You can use standard HTML anchor tags ( <a name="unique-anchor-name"></a> ) to create navigation anchor points for any location in the document. To avoid ambiguous references, use a unique naming scheme for anchor tags, such as adding a prefix to the name attribute value. Note Custom anchors will not be included in the document outline/Table of Contents. You can link to a custom anchor using the value of the name attribute you gave the anchor. The syntax is exactly the same as when you link to an anchor that is automatically generated for a heading. For example: # Section Heading Some body text of this section. < a name = "my-custom-anchor-point" > </ a > Some text I want to provide a direct link to, but which doesn't have its own heading. (… more content…) [ A link to that custom anchor ]( #my-custom-anchor-point ) Tip Custom anchors are not considered by the automatic naming and numbering behavior of automatic heading links. Line breaks If you're writing in issues, pull requests, or discussions in a repository, GitHub will render a line break automatically: This example Will span two lines However, if you are writing in an .md file, the example above would render on one line without a line break. To create a line break in an .md file, you will need to include one of the following: Include two spaces at the end of the first line. This example Will span two lines Include a backslash at the end of the first line. This example\ Will span two lines Include an HTML single line break tag at the end of the first line. This example < br /> Will span two lines If you leave a blank line between two lines, both .md files and Markdown in issues, pull requests, and discussions will render the two lines separated by the blank line: This example Will have a blank line separating both lines Images You can display an image by adding ! and wrapping the alt text in [ ] . Alt text is a short text equivalent of the information in the image. Then, wrap the link for the image in parentheses () .  GitHub supports embedding images into your issues, pull requests, discussions, comments and .md files. You can display an image from your repository, add a link to an online image, or upload an image. For more information, see Uploading assets . Note When you want to display an image that is in your repository, use relative links instead of absolute links. Here are some examples for using relative links to display an image. Context Relative Link In a .md file on the same branch /assets/images/electrocat.png In a .md file on another branch /../main/assets/images/electrocat.png In issues, pull requests and comments of the repository ../blob/main/assets/images/electrocat.png?raw=true In a .md file in another repository /../../../../github/docs/blob/main/assets/images/electrocat.png In issues, pull requests and comments of another repository ../../../github/docs/blob/main/assets/images/electrocat.png?raw=true Note The last two relative links in the table above will work for images in a private repository only if the viewer has at least read access to the private repository that contains these images. For more information, see Relative Links . The Picture element The <picture> HTML element is supported. Lists You can make an unordered list by preceding one or more lines of text with - , * , or + . - George Washington * John Adams + Thomas Jefferson To order your list, precede each line with a number. 1. James Madison 2. James Monroe 3. John Quincy Adams Nested Lists You can create a nested list by indenting one or more list items below another item. To create a nested list using the web editor on GitHub or a text editor that uses a monospaced font, like Visual Studio Code , you can align your list visually. Type space characters in front of your nested list item until the list marker character ( - or * ) lies directly below the first character of the text in the item above it. 1. First list item - First nested list item - Second nested list item Note In the web-based editor, you can indent or dedent one or more lines of text by first highlighting the desired lines and then using Tab or Shift + Tab respectively. To create a nested list in the comment editor on GitHub, which doesn't use a monospaced font, you can look at the list item immediately above the nested list and count the number of characters that appear before the content of the item. Then type that number of space characters in front of the nested list item. In this example, you could add a nested list item under the list item 100. First list item by indenting the nested list item a minimum of five spaces, since there are five characters ( 100. ) before First list item . 100. First list item - First nested list item You can create multiple levels of nested lists using the same method. For example, because the first nested list item has seven characters ( ␣␣␣␣␣-␣ ) before the nested list content First nested list item , you would need to indent the second nested list item by at least two more characters (nine spaces minimum). 100. First list item - First nested list item - Second nested list item For more examples, see the GitHub Flavored Markdown Spec . Task lists To create a task list, preface list items with a hyphen and space followed by [ ] . To mark a task as complete, use [x] . - [x] #739 - [ ] https://github.com/octo-org/octo-repo/issues/740 - [ ] Add delight to the experience when all tasks are complete :tada: If a task list item description begins with a parenthesis, you'll need to escape it with \ : - [ ] \(Optional) Open a followup issue For more information, see About tasklists . Mentioning people and teams You can mention a person or team on GitHub by typing @ plus their username or team name. This will trigger a notification and bring their attention to the conversation. People will also receive a notification if you edit a comment to mention their username or team name. For more information about notifications, see About notifications . Note A person will only be notified about a mention if the person has read access to the repository and, if the repository is owned by an organization, the person is a member of the organization. @github/support What do you think about these updates? When you mention a parent team, members of its child teams also receive notifications, simplifying communication with multiple groups of people. For more information, see About organization teams . Typing an @ symbol will bring up a list of people or teams on a project. The list filters as you type, so once you find the name of the person or team you are looking for, you can use the arrow keys to select it and press either tab or enter to complete the name. For teams, enter the @organization/team-name and all members of that team will get subscribed to the conversation. The autocomplete results are restricted to repository collaborators and any other participants on the thread. Referencing issues and pull requests You can bring up a list of suggested issues and pull requests within the repository by typing # . Type the issue or pull request number or title to filter the list, and then press either tab or enter to complete the highlighted result. For more information, see Autolinked references and URLs . Referencing external resources If custom autolink references are configured for a repository, then references to external resources, like a JIRA issue or Zendesk ticket, convert into shortened links. To know which autolinks are available in your repository, contact someone with admin permissions to the repository. For more information, see Configuring autolinks to reference external resources . Uploading assets You can upload assets like images by dragging and dropping, selecting from a file browser, or pasting. You can upload assets to issues, pull requests, comments, and .md files in your repository. Using emojis You can add emoji to your writing by typing :EMOJICODE: , a colon followed by the name of the emoji. @octocat :+1: This PR looks great - it's ready to merge! :shipit: Typing : will bring up a list of suggested emoji. The list will filter as you type, so once you find the emoji you're looking for, press Tab or Enter to complete the highlighted result. For a full list of available emoji and codes, see the Emoji-Cheat-Sheet . Paragraphs You can create a new paragraph by leaving a blank line between lines of text. Footnotes You can add footnotes to your content by using this bracket syntax: Here is a simple footnote[^1]. A footnote can also have multiple lines[^2]. [^1]: My reference. [^2]: To add line breaks within a footnote, add 2 spaces to the end of a line. This is a second line. The footnote will render like this: Note The position of a footnote in your Markdown does not influence where the footnote will be rendered. You can write a footnote right after your reference to the footnote, and the footnote will still render at the bottom of the Markdown. Footnotes are not supported in wikis. Alerts Alerts , also sometimes known as callouts or admonitions , are a Markdown extension based on the blockquote syntax that you can use to emphasize critical information. On GitHub, they are displayed with distinctive colors and icons to indicate the significance of the content. Use alerts only when they are crucial for user success and limit them to one or two per article to prevent overloading the reader. Additionally, you should avoid placing alerts consecutively. Alerts cannot be nested within other elements. To add an alert, use a special blockquote line specifying the alert type, followed by the alert information in a standard blockquote. Five types of alerts are available: > [!NOTE] > Useful information that users should know, even when skimming content. > [!TIP] > Helpful advice for doing things better or more easily. > [!IMPORTANT] > Key information users need to know to achieve their goal. > [!WARNING] > Urgent info that needs immediate user attention to avoid problems. > [!CAUTION] > Advises about risks or negative outcomes of certain actions. Here are the rendered alerts: Hiding content with comments You can tell GitHub to hide content from the rendered Markdown by placing the content in an HTML comment. <!-- This content will not appear in the rendered Markdown --> Ignoring Markdown formatting You can tell GitHub to ignore (or escape) Markdown formatting by using \ before the Markdown character. Let's rename \*our-new-project\* to \*our-old-project\*. For more information on backslashes, see Daring Fireball's Markdown Syntax . Note The Markdown formatting will not be ignored in the title of an issue or a pull request. Disabling Markdown rendering When viewing a Markdown file, you can click Code at the top of the file to disable Markdown rendering and view the file's source instead. Disabling Markdown rendering enables you to use source view features, such as line linking, which is not possible when viewing rendered Markdown files. Further reading GitHub Flavored Markdown Spec About writing and formatting on GitHub Working with advanced formatting Quickstart for writing on GitHub Help and support Did you find what you needed? Yes No Privacy policy Help us make these docs great! All GitHub docs are open source. See something that's wrong or unclear? Submit a pull request. Make a contribution Learn how to contribute Still need help? Ask the GitHub community Contact support Legal © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Status Pricing Expert services Blog | 2026-01-13T08:49:29 |
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