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https://github.com/kanywst/thebirthofwebsites | GitHub - kanywst/thebirthofwebsites: https://kanywst.github.io/thebirthofwebsites/ Skip to content Navigation Menu Toggle navigation Sign in Appearance settings Platform AI CODE CREATION GitHub Copilot Write better code with AI GitHub Spark Build and deploy intelligent apps GitHub Models Manage and compare prompts MCP Registry New Integrate external tools DEVELOPER WORKFLOWS Actions Automate any workflow Codespaces Instant dev environments Issues Plan and track work Code Review Manage code changes APPLICATION SECURITY GitHub Advanced Security Find and fix vulnerabilities Code security Secure your code as you build Secret protection Stop leaks before they start EXPLORE Why GitHub Documentation Blog Changelog Marketplace View all features Solutions BY COMPANY SIZE Enterprises Small and medium teams Startups Nonprofits BY USE CASE App Modernization DevSecOps DevOps CI/CD View all use cases BY INDUSTRY Healthcare Financial services Manufacturing Government View all industries View all solutions Resources EXPLORE BY TOPIC AI Software Development DevOps Security View all topics EXPLORE BY TYPE Customer stories Events & webinars Ebooks & reports Business insights GitHub Skills SUPPORT & SERVICES Documentation Customer support Community forum Trust center Partners Open Source COMMUNITY GitHub Sponsors Fund open source developers PROGRAMS Security Lab Maintainer Community Accelerator Archive Program REPOSITORIES Topics Trending Collections Enterprise ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS Enterprise platform AI-powered developer platform AVAILABLE ADD-ONS GitHub Advanced Security Enterprise-grade security features Copilot for Business Enterprise-grade AI features Premium Support Enterprise-grade 24/7 support Pricing Search or jump to... Search code, repositories, users, issues, pull requests... --> Search Clear Search syntax tips Provide feedback --> We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously. Include my email address so I can be contacted Cancel Submit feedback Saved searches Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly --> Name Query To see all available qualifiers, see our documentation . Cancel Create saved search Sign in Sign up Appearance settings Resetting focus You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You switched accounts on another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. Dismiss alert {{ message }} kanywst / thebirthofwebsites Public Notifications You must be signed in to change notification settings Fork 0 Star 0 https://kanywst.github.io/thebirthofwebsites/ 0 stars 0 forks Branches Tags Activity Star Notifications You must be signed in to change notification settings Code Issues 0 Pull requests 0 Actions Projects 0 Security Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Insights Additional navigation options Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Security Insights kanywst/thebirthofwebsites master Branches Tags Go to file Code Open more actions menu Folders and files Name Name Last commit message Last commit date Latest commit History 25 Commits .github/ workflows .github/ workflows public public src src .editorconfig .editorconfig .gitignore .gitignore README.md README.md index.html index.html info.json info.json package-lock.json package-lock.json package.json package.json vite.config.js vite.config.js yarn.lock yarn.lock View all files Repository files navigation README The Birth of Websites A visual timeline of IT history, exploring the founding dates and origins of major tech companies, web services, programming languages, and operating systems. Live Demo Features Historical Timeline : Browse through decades of IT evolution from 1960s to present. Multi-category Filtering : Filter by type (SNS, EC, AI, OS, Language, Piracy, Dark Web, etc.). Global Context : Explore tech origins across different countries and eras. Multilingual Support : Available in English and Japanese. Modern UI : Simple monochrome design with a responsive layout. Tech Stack Vue.js 3 Vite Vue I18n Getting Started Installation npm install Development npm run dev Build npm run build About https://kanywst.github.io/thebirthofwebsites/ Resources Readme Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Activity Stars 0 stars Watchers 0 watching Forks 0 forks Report repository Releases No releases published Packages 0 No packages published Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Contributors 2 Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Languages Vue 66.3% JavaScript 30.5% HTML 3.2% Footer © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Footer navigation Terms Privacy Security Status Community Docs Contact Manage cookies Do not share my personal information You can’t perform that action at this time. | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://dev.to/siy | Sergiy Yevtushenko - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Sergiy Yevtushenko Writing code for 35+ years and still enjoy it... Location Krakow, Poland Joined Joined on Mar 14, 2019 github website Work Senior Software Engineer 2025 Hacktoberfest Writing Challenge Completion Awarded for completing at least one prompt in the 2025 Hacktoberfest Writing Challenge. Thank you for sharing your open source story! 🎃✍️ Got it Close Six Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least six years. Got it Close Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Trusted Member 2022 Awarded for being a trusted member in 2022. Got it Close 4 Week Community Wellness Streak Keep contributing to discussions by posting at least 2 comments per week for 4 straight weeks. Unlock the 8 Week Badge next. Got it Close 2 Week Community Wellness Streak Keep the community conversation going! Post at least 2 comments for 2 straight weeks and unlock the 4 Week Badge. Got it Close 1 Week Community Wellness Streak For actively engaging with the community by posting at least 2 comments in a single week. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. 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Got it Close Show all 16 badges More info about @siy GitHub Repositories pragmatica-lite Simple micro web framework written in Pragmatic Functional Java style Java • 13 stars pragmatica Pragmatic Functional Java Essentials Java • 100 stars Skills/Languages - Java - Rust - C/C++ - Go - Distributed systems - Architecture design Currently learning Functional Programming Currently hacking on Pragmatica Lite https://github.com/siy/pragmatica https://github.com/siy/pragmatica-rest-example Available for Those who need consultations on architecture and/or skilled software engineer Post 54 posts published Comment 536 comments written Tag 16 tags followed Pin Pinned Asynchronous Processing in Java with Promises Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Apr 12 '25 Asynchronous Processing in Java with Promises # java # promise 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 10 min read We should write Java code differently Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Oct 24 '21 We should write Java code differently # java # beginners 166 reactions Comments 10 comments 6 min read Introduction to Pragmatic Functional Java Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Oct 5 '21 Introduction to Pragmatic Functional Java # java # coding # style # beginners 58 reactions Comments 9 comments 15 min read The Underlying Process of Request Processing Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Jan 12 The Underlying Process of Request Processing # java # functional # architecture # backend Comments Add Comment 4 min read Want to connect with Sergiy Yevtushenko? 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Sign in From Subjective Opinions to Systematic Analysis: Pattern-Based Code Review Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Dec 21 '25 From Subjective Opinions to Systematic Analysis: Pattern-Based Code Review # codereview # java # patterns # bestpractices Comments Add Comment 8 min read Java Should Stop Trying To Be Like Everybody Else Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Dec 18 '25 Java Should Stop Trying To Be Like Everybody Else # java # kubernetes # runtime # deployment Comments 6 comments 5 min read Pragmatica Lite Hacktoberfest: Maintainer Spotlight Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Oct 8 '25 Pragmatica Lite # devchallenge # hacktoberfest # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read Vibe Ensemble MCP Server Hacktoberfest: Maintainer Spotlight Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Oct 8 '25 Vibe Ensemble MCP Server # devchallenge # hacktoberfest # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read Java Backend Coding Technology: Writing Code in the Era of AI #Version 1.1 Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Oct 6 '25 Java Backend Coding Technology: Writing Code in the Era of AI #Version 1.1 # ai # java # codingtechnology 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 44 min read The Engineering Scalability Crisis: Why Standard Code Structures Matter More Than Ever Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Oct 5 '25 The Engineering Scalability Crisis: Why Standard Code Structures Matter More Than Ever # ai # java # management Comments Add Comment 14 min read Java Backend Coding Technology: Writing Code in the Era of AI Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Oct 3 '25 Java Backend Coding Technology: Writing Code in the Era of AI # ai # java # backend 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 38 min read Vibe Ensemble - Your Personal Development Team Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Sep 27 '25 Vibe Ensemble - Your Personal Development Team # ai # mcp 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Unleashing Power of Java Interfaces Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Feb 6 '24 Unleashing Power of Java Interfaces # java # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read The Saga is Antipattern Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Jun 20 '23 The Saga is Antipattern # microservices # saga 21 reactions Comments 17 comments 5 min read Function's Anatomy And Beyond Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow May 30 '23 Function's Anatomy And Beyond # code # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read The Context: Introduction Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Jan 11 '23 The Context: Introduction # software # beginners # context 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read The state of the Pragmatica (Feb 2022) Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Feb 23 '22 The state of the Pragmatica (Feb 2022) # java # asynchronous # core 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Pragmatic Functional Java: Performance Implications Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Nov 30 '21 Pragmatic Functional Java: Performance Implications # java # beginners 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Leveraging Java Type System to Represent Special States Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Sep 3 '21 Leveraging Java Type System to Represent Special States # java # beginners 15 reactions Comments 3 comments 4 min read Sober Look at Microservices Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Sep 2 '21 Sober Look at Microservices # beginners # architecture # microservices 15 reactions Comments 3 comments 8 min read Lies, Damned lies, and Microservice "Advantages" Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Jul 29 '21 Lies, Damned lies, and Microservice "Advantages" # microservices # beginners 15 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Microservices Are Dragging Us Back Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Jul 21 '21 Microservices Are Dragging Us Back # architecture # microservices # cluster 3 reactions Comments 3 comments 2 min read How Interfaces May Eliminate Need For Pattern Matching (sometimes) Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Jun 7 '21 How Interfaces May Eliminate Need For Pattern Matching (sometimes) # java # beginners 6 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read Hidden Anatomy of Backend Applications Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Dec 11 '20 Hidden Anatomy of Backend Applications # backend # architecture # tutorial # beginners 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Reactive Toolbox: Why and How Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Aug 16 '20 Reactive Toolbox: Why and How # java # beginners # programming 6 reactions Comments 3 comments 5 min read Fast Executor For Small Tasks Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Jul 16 '20 Fast Executor For Small Tasks # java # beginners # concurrent 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Beautiful World of Monads Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Jul 14 '20 Beautiful World of Monads # java # beginners # tutorial 45 reactions Comments 6 comments 7 min read Simple Implementation of Fluent Builder - Safe Alternative To Traditional Builder Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Jun 20 '20 Simple Implementation of Fluent Builder - Safe Alternative To Traditional Builder # beginners # java # tutorial # pattern 12 reactions Comments 6 comments 4 min read The Backend Revolution or Why io_uring Is So Important. Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Jun 3 '20 The Backend Revolution or Why io_uring Is So Important. # backend # architecture # tutorial # beginners 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Data Dependency Analysis in Backend Applications Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Jun 2 '20 Data Dependency Analysis in Backend Applications # architecture # beginners 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Don't Do Microservices If You Can Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow May 6 '20 Don't Do Microservices If You Can # microservices # beginners # tutorial # devops 14 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Functional Core with Ports and Adapters Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Mar 29 '20 Functional Core with Ports and Adapters # discuss # architecture 11 reactions Comments 7 comments 1 min read Data Dependency Graph Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Feb 21 '20 Data Dependency Graph # data # dependency # graph # ddg 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Popularity != Quality Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Feb 18 '20 Popularity != Quality # watercooler 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why Agile Methods are way to go (most of the time) Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Jan 10 '20 Why Agile Methods are way to go (most of the time) # agile # beginners 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Why software development is so conservative? Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Jan 9 '20 Why software development is so conservative? # watercooler 19 reactions Comments 13 comments 2 min read Why use functional style in Java? Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Dec 11 '19 Why use functional style in Java? # java # lang # beginners 6 reactions Comments 2 comments 1 min read Playing with Monad or How to enjoy functional style in Java Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Dec 9 '19 Playing with Monad or How to enjoy functional style in Java # java # lang # beginners # tutorial 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Considerations and overview of web backend architectures Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Nov 13 '19 Considerations and overview of web backend architectures # architecture # backend # beginners 16 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Packaging is not an architecture or few words about Monolith Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Nov 13 '19 Packaging is not an architecture or few words about Monolith # architecture # beginners 14 reactions Comments 7 comments 1 min read Creating DSL-like API's in Java (and fixing Builder pattern) Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Nov 5 '19 Creating DSL-like API's in Java (and fixing Builder pattern) # java # lang 16 reactions Comments 5 comments 2 min read Interface-only programming in Java Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Nov 5 '19 Interface-only programming in Java # java # lang # beginners # tutorial 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read When Builder is anti-pattern Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Nov 5 '19 When Builder is anti-pattern # java # lang # beginners 50 reactions Comments 25 comments 2 min read Couple words about static factory methods naming. Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Nov 4 '19 Couple words about static factory methods naming. # java # lang 8 reactions Comments 2 comments 1 min read Proper API for Java List Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Oct 28 '19 Proper API for Java List # discuss # java # lang 7 reactions Comments 6 comments 3 min read Asynchronous Processing in Java with Promises Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Oct 24 '19 Asynchronous Processing in Java with Promises # java # lang # tutorial 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read The power of Tuples Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Oct 23 '19 The power of Tuples # java # lang # beginners # tutorial 8 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read Monads for Java programmers in simple terms Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Oct 20 '19 Monads for Java programmers in simple terms # java # beginners # tutorial 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Consistent error propagation and handling in Java Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Oct 20 '19 Consistent error propagation and handling in Java # java # lang # tutorial # beginners 11 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Consistent null values handling in Java Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Oct 12 '19 Consistent null values handling in Java # java # lang # tutorial # beginners 9 reactions Comments 4 comments 3 min read Asynchronous Processing Models in Services Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Sep 30 '19 Asynchronous Processing Models in Services # reactive # functional # java # beginners 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Yet another dependency injection library Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Sep 28 '19 Yet another dependency injection library # dependency # injection # java # productivity 4 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read Nanoservices, or alternative to monoliths and microservices... Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Sep 20 '19 Nanoservices, or alternative to monoliths and microservices... # discuss # architecture # nanoservices 19 reactions Comments 7 comments 6 min read The buzzwords religion Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Sergiy Yevtushenko Follow Sep 19 '19 The buzzwords religion # software # engineering # java # kotlin 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://github.com/microsoft/terminal/blob/master/doc/terminal-v2-roadmap.md | terminal/doc/terminal-v2-roadmap.md at main · microsoft/terminal · GitHub Skip to content Navigation Menu Toggle navigation Sign in Appearance settings Platform AI CODE CREATION GitHub Copilot Write better code with AI GitHub Spark Build and deploy intelligent apps GitHub Models Manage and compare prompts MCP Registry New Integrate external tools DEVELOPER WORKFLOWS Actions Automate any workflow Codespaces Instant dev environments Issues Plan and track work Code Review Manage code changes APPLICATION SECURITY GitHub Advanced Security Find and fix vulnerabilities Code security Secure your code as you build Secret protection Stop leaks before they start EXPLORE Why GitHub Documentation Blog Changelog Marketplace View all features Solutions BY COMPANY SIZE Enterprises Small and medium teams Startups Nonprofits BY USE CASE App Modernization DevSecOps DevOps CI/CD View all use cases BY INDUSTRY Healthcare Financial services Manufacturing Government View all industries View all solutions Resources EXPLORE BY TOPIC AI Software Development DevOps Security View all topics EXPLORE BY TYPE Customer stories Events & webinars Ebooks & reports Business insights GitHub Skills SUPPORT & SERVICES Documentation Customer support Community forum Trust center Partners Open Source COMMUNITY GitHub Sponsors Fund open source developers PROGRAMS Security Lab Maintainer Community Accelerator Archive Program REPOSITORIES Topics Trending Collections Enterprise ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS Enterprise platform AI-powered developer platform AVAILABLE ADD-ONS GitHub Advanced Security Enterprise-grade security features Copilot for Business Enterprise-grade AI features Premium Support Enterprise-grade 24/7 support Pricing Search or jump to... Search code, repositories, users, issues, pull requests... --> Search Clear Search syntax tips Provide feedback --> We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously. Include my email address so I can be contacted Cancel Submit feedback Saved searches Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly --> Name Query To see all available qualifiers, see our documentation . Cancel Create saved search Sign in Sign up Appearance settings Resetting focus You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You switched accounts on another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. Dismiss alert {{ message }} microsoft / terminal Public Notifications You must be signed in to change notification settings Fork 9k Star 101k Code Issues 1.7k Pull requests 48 Discussions Actions Projects 9 Models Wiki Security Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Insights Additional navigation options Code Issues Pull requests Discussions Actions Projects Models Wiki Security Insights Footer © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Footer navigation Terms Privacy Security Status Community Docs Contact Manage cookies Do not share my personal information You can’t perform that action at this time. | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://www.highlight.io/docs/general/company/product-philosophy | Product Philosophy Star us on GitHub Star Docs Sign in Sign up General Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Menu Highlight Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Getting Started Getting Started with Highlight Fullstack Mapping Browser React.js Next.js Remix Vue.js Angular Gatsby.js SvelteKit Electron highlight.run SDK Overview Canvas & WebGL Console Messages Content-Security-Policy Identifying Users iframe Recording Monkey Patches Browser OpenTelemetry Persistent Asset Storage Privacy Proxying Highlight React.js Error Boundary Recording Network Requests and Responses Recording WebSocket Events Salesforce Lightning Web Components (LWC) Data Export Sourcemap Configuration Tracking Events Troubleshooting Upgrading Highlight Versioning Sessions & Errors Other React Native (beta) Server Go Overview chi Echo Fiber Gin GORM gqlgen Logrus Manual Tracing gorilla mux JS Overview Apollo AWS Lambda Cloudflare Workers Express.js Firebase Hono Nest.js Next.js Node.js Pino tRPC Winston Python Overview AWS Lambda Azure Functions Django FastAPI Flask Google Cloud Functions Loguru Other Frameworks Python AI / LLM Libraries Python Libraries Ruby Overview Other Frameworks Ruby on Rails Rust Overview actix-web No Framework Hosting Providers Overview Metrics in AWS Logging in AWS Logging in Azure Fly.io NATS Log Shipper Logging in GCP Heroku Log Drain Render Log Stream Logging in Trigger.dev Vercel Log Drain Elixir Overview Elixir App Java: All Frameworks PHP: All Frameworks C# .NET ASP C# .NET 4 ASP Docker / Docker Compose File Fluent Forward curl OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP) Syslog RFC5424 Systemd / Journald Native OpenTelemetry Overview Error Monitoring Logging Tracing Browser Instrumentation Metrics Fullstack Frameworks Overview Next.js Fullstack Overview Next.js Page Router Guide Next.js App Router Guide Edge Runtime Advanced Config Remix Walkthrough Self Host & Local Dev Overview Development deployment guide. Integrations Microsoft Teams self-hosted Hobby deployment guide. Traefik SSL Proxying. Docs Home SDK Client SDK API Reference Cloudflare Worker SDK API Reference Go SDK API Reference Hono SDK API Reference Java SDK API Reference Next.JS SDK API Reference Node.JS SDK API Reference Python SDK API Reference Ruby SDK API Reference Rust SDK API Reference Docs / Highlight Docs / Company / Product Philosophy Product Philosophy Overview This doc acts as a reference for our product philosophy at highlight.io, or to be more exact, how we think about what we build (not necessarily how we build it). It acts as a way for our team to prioritize work. If you'd like to learn more about our company values, check this doc . Our mission is to support developers (like you) to ship with confidence. We do this by giving you the tools you need to uncover, resolve, and prevent issues in your web app. Cohesion Our product philosophy at highlight.io is centered around the concept of "cohesion", or the idea that we're focused on building a tightly coupled suite of tools that helps developers ship software with confidence. Prior to working on highlight.io, we all worked at several tech companies of varying sizes, and had first-hand experience trying to stitch together numerous tools to reproduce bugs. It wasn't uncommon that we had to do something like: log into Sentry to see a stacktrace, log into Splunk to query logs, and after investigating with even more tools, give up and log in "as the user" to try and reproduce the issue. People may think that we're building multiple products (session replay, error monitoring, etc..) but we see it as one. To see this in action, see our fullstack mapping guide . We build for today's developer. If you're building software in today's ecosystem, you probably want to JUST focus on building software. We challenge ourselves to build developer tooling that’s simple, straightforward and opinionated, but configurable if you want to customize your setup. highlight.io is built for developers that want to develop . Leave the monitoring stuff to us 👍. The Vision With highlight.io, we're changing that by building monitoring software that "wraps" your infrastructure and application, and we do ALL the work to stitch everything together. Our long-term goal is that you can trace everything from a button click to a server-side regression with little to no effort. Now, if you were to ask, "but that's a lot to build, no?" we would reply with "Yes, give us a hand?" . Our Competitors Product Features Community / Support Suggest Edits? Follow us! [object Object] | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://www.highlight.io/docs/general/integrations/front-integration | Front Integration Star us on GitHub Star Docs Sign in Sign up General Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Menu Highlight Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Getting Started Getting Started with Highlight Fullstack Mapping Browser React.js Next.js Remix Vue.js Angular Gatsby.js SvelteKit Electron highlight.run SDK Overview Canvas & WebGL Console Messages Content-Security-Policy Identifying Users iframe Recording Monkey Patches Browser OpenTelemetry Persistent Asset Storage Privacy Proxying Highlight React.js Error Boundary Recording Network Requests and Responses Recording WebSocket Events Salesforce Lightning Web Components (LWC) Data Export Sourcemap Configuration Tracking Events Troubleshooting Upgrading Highlight Versioning Sessions & Errors Other React Native (beta) Server Go Overview chi Echo Fiber Gin GORM gqlgen Logrus Manual Tracing gorilla mux JS Overview Apollo AWS Lambda Cloudflare Workers Express.js Firebase Hono Nest.js Next.js Node.js Pino tRPC Winston Python Overview AWS Lambda Azure Functions Django FastAPI Flask Google Cloud Functions Loguru Other Frameworks Python AI / LLM Libraries Python Libraries Ruby Overview Other Frameworks Ruby on Rails Rust Overview actix-web No Framework Hosting Providers Overview Metrics in AWS Logging in AWS Logging in Azure Fly.io NATS Log Shipper Logging in GCP Heroku Log Drain Render Log Stream Logging in Trigger.dev Vercel Log Drain Elixir Overview Elixir App Java: All Frameworks PHP: All Frameworks C# .NET ASP C# .NET 4 ASP Docker / Docker Compose File Fluent Forward curl OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP) Syslog RFC5424 Systemd / Journald Native OpenTelemetry Overview Error Monitoring Logging Tracing Browser Instrumentation Metrics Fullstack Frameworks Overview Next.js Fullstack Overview Next.js Page Router Guide Next.js App Router Guide Edge Runtime Advanced Config Remix Walkthrough Self Host & Local Dev Overview Development deployment guide. Integrations Microsoft Teams self-hosted Hobby deployment guide. Traefik SSL Proxying. Docs Home SDK Client SDK API Reference Cloudflare Worker SDK API Reference Go SDK API Reference Hono SDK API Reference Java SDK API Reference Next.JS SDK API Reference Node.JS SDK API Reference Python SDK API Reference Ruby SDK API Reference Rust SDK API Reference Docs / Highlight Docs / Integrations / Front Integration Front Integration Do you use Front.com to communicate with your customers? Add the Highlight plugin and view Highlight sessions right from the conversation. Simply visit https://app.frontapp.com/settings/tools and add the Highlight plugin in one click. Click the Get Started button to add Highlight to your Front workspace. Electron Support GitHub Integration Community / Support Suggest Edits? Follow us! [object Object] | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
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Join a network of leading tech companies Let’s build a system that works for you. Talk to sales Frequently Asked Questions Questions? We have answers. Expand all What are Stack Overflow Professional Services? Stack Overflow Professional Services provide expert guidance and hands-on support to help organizations maximize the value of their Stack Internal deployment and integrate Stack Overflow knowledge into their broader AI and developer ecosystem. How do Community Services improve platform adoption and engagement? Community Services improve platform adoption and engagement by transforming Stack Internal from a deployed tool into an actively used knowledge hub. Organizations using Community Services typically see faster onboarding, higher question-answer rates, and measurable improvements in knowledge discovery and reuse. How do Technical Services extend Stack Internal knowledge into AI and enterprise workflows? Technical Services connect your Stack Overflow knowledge base to custom AI solutions, enterprise search platforms, and developer tools through expert-led integrations and knowledge management. Who should use Stack Overflow Professional Services? Stack Overflow Professional Services are designed for organizations that need expert support but lack the internal bandwidth, expertise, or resources to implement, integrate, or optimize Stack Overflow on their own. What types of services are included in Professional Services? Professional Services include Community Services and Technical Services. Community Services cover Community Launch, Community Management, and Community Monitoring. Technical Services include MCP Server Integration, MCP Version Management, MCP Custom Prompt engineering, and MCP Enablement & Adoption programs. How long does a typical Professional Services engagement take? A typical Professional Services engagement timelines vary by service type and complexity, but most projects range from 3 to 13 weeks. Do I need Professional Services if I already use Stack Internal? If you’re already using Stack Internal but facing low engagement or underutilization, Professional Services can help boost adoption and platform health. Our knowledge, shared Visit the blog Visit resource center December 15, 2025 At AWS re:Invent, the news was agents, but the focus was developers Four days, 60,000 developers, and AI-generated perfume. The re:Invent that was. Read article December 11, 2025 Simulating lousy conversations: Q&A with Silvio Savarese, Chief Scientist & Head of AI Research at Salesforce AI yells at voice agents so you don't have to. Read article December 8, 2025 The shift in enterprise AI—what we learned on the floor at Microsoft Ignite There's a distinct shift in how enterprises are talking about their AI solutions. 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https://dev.to/qa-leaders/testability-vs-automatability-why-most-automation-efforts-fail-before-they-begin-3f6o#comments | Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse tanvi Mittal for AI and QA Leaders Posted on Dec 18, 2025 Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin # webdev # ai # programming # testing Test automation rarely fails because teams chose the wrong tool. It fails much earlier often before the first test is written when systems are designed without considering how they will be tested or automated. When automation becomes flaky, slow, or unreliable, the default reaction is predictable: rewrite tests, switch frameworks, add retries, or bring in a new tool promising stability. These actions sometimes reduce pain temporarily, but they rarely address the real issue. Over time, automation becomes something teams tolerate rather than trust. The root cause is usually a misunderstanding of two closely related but fundamentally different concepts: testability and automatability. The Subtle Distinction That Changes Everything Testability and automatability are often used interchangeably in engineering conversations, but they solve different problems. Testability is about how easily a system can be understood and diagnosed. A testable system exposes its state clearly. When something fails, the system helps you understand what happened and why. Logs are meaningful, signals are explicit, and behavior can be observed without guesswork. Automatability, on the other hand, is about how reliably a system can be exercised by a machine. It focuses on determinism, stability, and control. An automatable system behaves consistently under automation, even as it evolves. The mistake teams make is assuming that good automation automatically implies good testability. In practice, automation depends on testability. When testability is weak, automation compensates with complexity — and that complexity eventually collapses under its own weight. Why Automation Becomes the Scapegoat When automated tests fail without clear explanations, automation becomes the visible problem. Pipelines turn red, release confidence drops, and engineers lose trust in test results. At that point, automation is no longer perceived as a safety net, it becomes noise. What often goes unnoticed is that these failures are symptoms, not causes. A test timing out, failing to locate an element, or producing inconsistent results is frequently reflecting deeper uncertainty in the system itself. Automation simply surfaces that uncertainty earlier and more frequently than manual testing ever could. Humans are remarkably good at compensating for ambiguity. We refresh pages, retry actions, infer intent, and move on. Automation has no such intuition. It requires explicit signals, stable behavior, and predictable state transitions. When those are missing, automation struggles and it gets blamed for struggling. Tools Don’t Fix Foundational Problems Modern frameworks have made automation more accessible and forgiving. They handle waits better, provide richer diagnostics, and reduce boilerplate. But they do not and cannot fix fundamental design issues. No tool can compensate for: User interfaces that constantly re-render without stable identifiers Business logic buried inside UI event handlers Asynchronous workflows with no observable completion signals Systems that expose outcomes only visually, not programmatically Switching tools in these situations may reduce friction briefly, but it does not change the underlying uncertainty. Eventually, the same problems reappear, just expressed through a different API. Automation Friction Is a Signal, Not a Failure One of the most important mindset shifts teams can make is to treat automation difficulty as feedback about the system, not as a testing failure. When tests are hard to write, hard to stabilize, or hard to debug, the system is telling you something. It is telling you that behavior is implicit rather than explicit, that state is hidden rather than observable, or that control is scattered rather than intentional. Teams that listen to this feedback improve not just their tests, but their architecture, diagnosability, and operational maturity. Teams that ignore it accumulate automation debt — and eventually abandon large parts of their test suites. Why This Matters Before Automation Scales The cost of misunderstanding testability and automatability grows with scale. Early in a project, poor design choices may only slow down a few tests. Over time, they turn into flaky pipelines, long triage cycles, and brittle release processes. This is why automation strategy cannot be separated from system design. Automation is not a phase that comes later; it is a constraint that should influence how software is built from the beginning. Understanding the difference between testability and automatability is the first step toward making automation an asset rather than a liability. What Comes Next In the next post, we’ll go deeper into a question teams struggle with constantly: How do you tell whether a failing test indicates a problem in your automation or a problem in your application design? That distinction is where most automation efforts either stabilize or slowly unravel. Follow the series if you’re interested in building automation that scales with confidence rather than friction. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse AI and QA Leaders Follow Empowering QA teams through AI and smart testing. 💬 Follow AI & QA Leaders to get insights on AI in testing, QA strategy, and automation leadership. Follow us More from AI and QA Leaders Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin — Part3 # automation # testing # softwaretesting # webdev AI-Powered Cypress Test Generation from Natural Language v2.0 — Now with cy.prompt() Self-Healing # openai # ai # softwaretesting # cypress AI-Powered Cypress Test Automation: Automated Test Creation and Execution with Machine Learning # softwaretesting # ai # langchain # llm 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/alan_tsai_00dbd905e668f74/an-ai-almost-deleted-my-code-3cc | An AI Almost Deleted My Code - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Alan Tsai Posted on Dec 15, 2025 An AI Almost Deleted My Code # ai # opensource # devtools # programming It was 2 AM. I’d been coding for hours, switching between ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini, trying to debug a complex issue. Exhausted and context-switching between multiple AI conversations, I convinced myself I’d accidentally published my entire codebase to GitHub — API keys, credentials, everything. I panicked. The AI Didn't Stop Me That’s when I realized something unsettling: AI doesn’t pause when humans panic — it accelerates. It didn't question my premise. It didn't ask "did this actually happen?" It just... complied. And that was the most dangerous part. It started preparing commands to delete files, reset branches, force-push changes. Irreversible operations that could have destroyed weeks of work. Nothing had been published. The risk came entirely from my wrong assumption—and the AI's willingness to help me execute it. That's when I realized: this isn't just a "me" problem. The Compliance Problem AI systems today are designed to be helpful. That's their strength—and their risk. When you ask an AI to do something: If it's technically feasible → it will help you Even if you're stressed, tired, or confused Even if your premise is completely wrong Even if there's obviously a better approach This isn't a bug. It's by design. AI is trained to be "helpful" and "harmless," which often becomes: Compliance over questioning Execution over validation The Gray Zone AI will refuse: ✅ Illegal actions ✅ Obvious dangers ✅ Logical impossibilities But AI won't challenge you on: ❌ Decisions built on false assumptions ❌ Stress-induced reasoning mistakes ❌ Dangerous but technically feasible operations ❌ Irreversible actions executed in panic This gray zone is where real mistakes happen. What I Actually Needed What I realized later was simple: The problem wasn't that the AI was malicious. The problem was that it was too helpful. After that near-disaster, I realized what was missing. If I could solve one thing, it would be memory coherence. Not just "the AI remembers what I said 5 messages ago"—but true contextual continuity that prevents drift, maintains assumptions, and catches when reasoning becomes unstable. Because here's what I discovered: When AI memory is truly coherent, most dangerous outputs resolve naturally. A system that remembers context doesn't drift. A system that maintains continuity doesn't fabricate. A system with stable memory rarely needs to be stopped. But Memory Alone Isn't Enough Even with perfect memory, AI can still make dangerous choices—not because it forgets, but because of how it's trained. AI models optimize for: Responses that seem helpful Outputs that look correct Answers that satisfy users Not necessarily: Outputs that are structurally sound Responses that preserve internal consistency Answers that challenge false premises This is a training bias, not a memory problem. Enter Meta-DAG That's why I built Meta-DAG: an AI governance system that combines memory management with output validation. Process Over Trust Meta-DAG doesn't trust humans. Meta-DAG doesn't trust AI. Meta-DAG trusts process. Like aviation checklists don't question pilot skill—they recognize that systematic verification beats memory. Like CI/CD pipelines don't doubt developers—they understand that automated gates catch what humans miss. Meta-DAG applies the same principle to AI collaboration. The Architecture User Input (open) ↓ AI Processing (free) ↓ Meta-DAG Governance Layer ↓ Output Validation ↓ Execution (controlled) This isn't a strict implementation diagram. It's a mental model for where governance sits. Meta-DAG doesn't restrict what you can ask. It governs what AI is allowed to output. Four validation layers: Memory Coherence Check - Is context stable? Semantic Drift Detection - Has reasoning shifted? Assumption Validation - Are premises actually true? Risk Assessment - Is this output safe to execute? If any layer fails, the output is blocked—with a clear explanation. What It Looks Like Instead of blindly executing: git reset --hard HEAD~10 git push --force Meta-DAG would catch: ⚠️ Assumption: "Files were published" - Unverified ⚠️ Risk: Irreversible data loss - High ⚠️ Context: User showed panic signals - True 🛑 Output blocked. Suggest verification first. Not restriction. Protection. Open Source, Model-Agnostic Meta-DAG is: ✅ MIT licensed ✅ Works with any AI (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, local models) ✅ File-system based (no cloud dependencies) ✅ Python, easy to extend It's built from real frustration, solving real problems I encountered while building software with AI assistance. What Success Looks Like If Meta-DAG succeeds, developers should feel 安心 (peace of mind). You can: Work with AI freely Explore ideas deeply Trust the system won't let dangerous outputs through Not because AI is restricted. Not because you're being monitored. But because governance validates before execution. Try It Meta-DAG is early (v0.1-alpha), but functional. GitHub: [ https://github.com/alan-meta-dag/meta_dag_engine_sandbox ] If you've ever: Had AI almost help you do something you'd regret Felt swept along by a convincing but wrong narrative Wished there was a "wait, let's verify that" layer Meta-DAG might be for you. Building in public. Feedback welcome. Especially interested in: Your experiences with AI "compliance" issues Ideas for validation rules Use cases I haven't considered Let's build AI collaboration that's powerful and safe. Currently working on: Memory module improvements, multi-turn governance, better drift detection. Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Genesis Architect behind Meta-DAG. Building AI governance systems. Email aki08242003@gmail.com Location Taiwan Education Self-directed research in AI governance and systems architecture Pronouns he/him Work Independent architect of Meta-DAG Joined Dec 14, 2025 • Dec 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Building this in public. Curious if anyone here has had an AI almost help them do something they’d regret — especially late at night or under pressure. Would love to hear your stories or how you handle this kind of risk. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Alan Tsai Follow Genesis Architect behind Meta-DAG. Building AI governance systems. Location Taiwan Education Self-directed research in AI governance and systems architecture Pronouns he/him Work Independent architect of Meta-DAG Joined Dec 14, 2025 More from Alan Tsai 99%PERFECT,1%..... # ai # governance # processovertrust # 程式設計 我以為 AI 會幫我想清楚，結果它把我原本不清楚的放大十倍 😂 # ai # softwaredevelopment # learning # 反思 Meta-DAG: Building AI Governance with AI # showdev # ai # governance # opensource 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://www.highlight.io/docs/general/company/values | Values Star us on GitHub Star Docs Sign in Sign up General Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Menu Highlight Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Getting Started Getting Started with Highlight Fullstack Mapping Browser React.js Next.js Remix Vue.js Angular Gatsby.js SvelteKit Electron highlight.run SDK Overview Canvas & WebGL Console Messages Content-Security-Policy Identifying Users iframe Recording Monkey Patches Browser OpenTelemetry Persistent Asset Storage Privacy Proxying Highlight React.js Error Boundary Recording Network Requests and Responses Recording WebSocket Events Salesforce Lightning Web Components (LWC) Data Export Sourcemap Configuration Tracking Events Troubleshooting Upgrading Highlight Versioning Sessions & Errors Other React Native (beta) Server Go Overview chi Echo Fiber Gin GORM gqlgen Logrus Manual Tracing gorilla mux JS Overview Apollo AWS Lambda Cloudflare Workers Express.js Firebase Hono Nest.js Next.js Node.js Pino tRPC Winston Python Overview AWS Lambda Azure Functions Django FastAPI Flask Google Cloud Functions Loguru Other Frameworks Python AI / LLM Libraries Python Libraries Ruby Overview Other Frameworks Ruby on Rails Rust Overview actix-web No Framework Hosting Providers Overview Metrics in AWS Logging in AWS Logging in Azure Fly.io NATS Log Shipper Logging in GCP Heroku Log Drain Render Log Stream Logging in Trigger.dev Vercel Log Drain Elixir Overview Elixir App Java: All Frameworks PHP: All Frameworks C# .NET ASP C# .NET 4 ASP Docker / Docker Compose File Fluent Forward curl OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP) Syslog RFC5424 Systemd / Journald Native OpenTelemetry Overview Error Monitoring Logging Tracing Browser Instrumentation Metrics Fullstack Frameworks Overview Next.js Fullstack Overview Next.js Page Router Guide Next.js App Router Guide Edge Runtime Advanced Config Remix Walkthrough Self Host & Local Dev Overview Development deployment guide. Integrations Microsoft Teams self-hosted Hobby deployment guide. Traefik SSL Proxying. Docs Home SDK Client SDK API Reference Cloudflare Worker SDK API Reference Go SDK API Reference Hono SDK API Reference Java SDK API Reference Next.JS SDK API Reference Node.JS SDK API Reference Python SDK API Reference Ruby SDK API Reference Rust SDK API Reference Docs / Highlight Docs / Company / Values Values Overview This doc acts as a reference for our values at highlight.io, which includes how we work and we build things. It acts a way for us to understand how we should operate and what the "startup mentality" means to us. If you'd like to learn more about our product philosophy (which is more related to our product) see this doc . We build in public. With everything we build, we maintain an unwavering promise to use open source technologies so that you and your team don't have a dependency on our hosted offerings. We strive to build in public in every way we can. This means sharing our roadmap, product specs, and company strategy. We see this as giving you all the more reason to consider joining us in building highlight . We execute quickly and fail fast. Given that most of the things we build are zero to one, there's often no better way to learn than to build. It's hard to predict how something will scale or be interacted w/ without building something and getting early feedback. With this philosophy, however, it's easy to ship low quality work. To address this, we always prefer to "cut scope, not quality"; we build out a few, very polished modules rather than many half-baked ones. ABC: Always be chilling.... Though working at highlight.io can be fast-paced at times, we keep it chill. This means taking time for social events, taking time off, and learning about each other beyond just work. We're all humans, and we all have lives outside of work. Company Compliance & Security Community / Support Suggest Edits? Follow us! [object Object] | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://www.highlight.io/docs/general/product-features/tracing/trace-search | Trace Search Star us on GitHub Star Docs Sign in Sign up General Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Menu Highlight Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Getting Started Getting Started with Highlight Fullstack Mapping Browser React.js Next.js Remix Vue.js Angular Gatsby.js SvelteKit Electron highlight.run SDK Overview Canvas & WebGL Console Messages Content-Security-Policy Identifying Users iframe Recording Monkey Patches Browser OpenTelemetry Persistent Asset Storage Privacy Proxying Highlight React.js Error Boundary Recording Network Requests and Responses Recording WebSocket Events Salesforce Lightning Web Components (LWC) Data Export Sourcemap Configuration Tracking Events Troubleshooting Upgrading Highlight Versioning Sessions & Errors Other React Native (beta) Server Go Overview chi Echo Fiber Gin GORM gqlgen Logrus Manual Tracing gorilla mux JS Overview Apollo AWS Lambda Cloudflare Workers Express.js Firebase Hono Nest.js Next.js Node.js Pino tRPC Winston Python Overview AWS Lambda Azure Functions Django FastAPI Flask Google Cloud Functions Loguru Other Frameworks Python AI / LLM Libraries Python Libraries Ruby Overview Other Frameworks Ruby on Rails Rust Overview actix-web No Framework Hosting Providers Overview Metrics in AWS Logging in AWS Logging in Azure Fly.io NATS Log Shipper Logging in GCP Heroku Log Drain Render Log Stream Logging in Trigger.dev Vercel Log Drain Elixir Overview Elixir App Java: All Frameworks PHP: All Frameworks C# .NET ASP C# .NET 4 ASP Docker / Docker Compose File Fluent Forward curl OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP) Syslog RFC5424 Systemd / Journald Native OpenTelemetry Overview Error Monitoring Logging Tracing Browser Instrumentation Metrics Fullstack Frameworks Overview Next.js Fullstack Overview Next.js Page Router Guide Next.js App Router Guide Edge Runtime Advanced Config Remix Walkthrough Self Host & Local Dev Overview Development deployment guide. Integrations Microsoft Teams self-hosted Hobby deployment guide. Traefik SSL Proxying. Docs Home SDK Client SDK API Reference Cloudflare Worker SDK API Reference Go SDK API Reference Hono SDK API Reference Java SDK API Reference Next.JS SDK API Reference Node.JS SDK API Reference Python SDK API Reference Ruby SDK API Reference Rust SDK API Reference Docs / Highlight Docs / Product Features / Tracing / Trace Search Trace Search Trace search allows you to filter on spans of traces in your product based on a query, and allows you to see more information on an overarching trace by clicking into a span. You can filter spans using a search query For example, you can get to all spans of traces produced in the last 15 minutes from a private-graph service by selecting "Last 15 minutes" from the time picker and entering the following query: service_name=private-graph Searching for Traces For general information on searching traces, check out our Search docs . Default Key The default key for trace search is span_name . If you enter an expression without a key ( gorm.Query ) it will be used as the key for the expression ( span_name=*gorm.Query* ). Searchable Attributes You can search on any attributes that you send in your traces as well as any of the default attributes assigned to a trace. Our SDKs will also link sessions , errors , and logs to their respective traces. The autoinjected attributes for traces can be seen in the table below. Attribute Description Example duration Time length of the span in nanoseconds 10s environment The environment specified in the SDK production has_errors If the span has an error tied to its id true highlight.type More specific source of the span http.request parent_span_id Span id of the span's parent 327611203ec5b0a1 secure_session_id Session id that contains this span wh1jcuN5F9G6Ra5CKeCjdIk6Rbyd service_name Name of the service specified in the SDK private-graph service_version Version of the service specified in the SDK e1845285cb360410aee05c61dd0cc57f85afe6da span_kind Broad source of the span Server span_name Title of the span POST https://app.highlight.io trace_id Trace id of the spans 7654ff38c4631d5a51b26f7e637eea3c You can view a full list of the available attributes to filter on by starting to type in the search box. As you type you'll get suggestions for keys to filter on. Helpful Tips To see all the spans of a specific trace, you can filter by trace_id to get a table view of the spans. You can also click into the span to get more information, including a flame graph of the trace with all its spans. Use secure_session_id EXISTS to only see spans that are tied to a session. Use time suffixes, such as s , ms and us to help filter out for span durations. For example, use duration>1s to find all spans that were longer than 1 second. Tracing Features Dashboards Community / Support Suggest Edits? Follow us! [object Object] | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://dev.to/googleai/gemini-3-flash-is-now-available-in-gemini-cli-4j | Gemini 3 Flash is now available in Gemini CLI - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Taylor Mullen for Google AI Posted on Dec 17, 2025 • Originally published at developers.googleblog.com Gemini 3 Flash is now available in Gemini CLI # gemini # cli # ai # terminal Build with Gemini 3 Flash (2 Part Series) 1 Build with Gemini 3 Flash, frontier intelligence that scales with you 2 Gemini 3 Flash is now available in Gemini CLI Gemini 3 Flash is now available in Gemini CLI, supporting high-frequency workflows common to terminal-based work. Gemini 3 Flash achieves a SWE-bench Verified score of 78% for agentic coding, outperforming not only the 2.5 series, but also Gemini 3 Pro. Gemini 3 Flash was built to be highly efficient, pushing the Pareto frontier of quality vs. cost and speed and is available in preview at less than a quarter the cost of Gemini 3 Pro. With two of our best models powering Gemini CLI, speed no longer has to mean compromising quality. Start using Gemini 3 Flash with Gemini CLI Starting today, most paid tier customers of Gemini CLI have access to both Gemini 3 Pro and Gemini 3 Flash, including: All non-business customers of Google AI Pro or AI Ultra Users who have access using a paid API key through Google AI or Vertex Gemini Code Assist users that have been enabled by their cloud admin for preview models For free tier users: We’ve onboarded everyone who signed up to the previously available waitlist, so please check your email for details If you were not on our waitlist, we’re rolling out additional access gradually to ensure the experience remains fast and reliable, so stay tuned for more details, or view our docs to learn about your options for access now Get started by upgrading Gemini CLI version to the latest version (0.21.1): npm install -g @google/gemini-cli@latest Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode After you’ve confirmed your version is 0.21.1 or later, run /settings , then toggle the setting “ Preview features ” to true . Once you’ve enabled preview features, run /model to select Gemini 3. This release brings the full capabilities of the Gemini 3 family to your terminal. You can rely on Gemini CLI’s intelligent auto-routing to reserve Gemini 3 Pro for highly complex reasoning, or use the manual selector to dedicate a specific model to all of your tasks. The significant reasoning improvements in Gemini 3 Flash allow you to execute prompts that previously required slower Pro-tier models, at a lower cost. Build anything in the terminal with improved agentic coding Gemini 3 Flash raises the performance floor of your coding sessions with strong performance in reasoning, tool use, and multimodal capabilities. Generate a ready-to-deploy app with 3D graphics We used Gemini 3 Pro in Gemini CLI to build a 3D Voxel simulation of the Golden Gate Bridge , treating the prompt as both a creative brief and a technical specification. But can Gemini 3 Flash do the same? Previously, generating this level of functional code in a single pass was a job more suited for Pro models. Gemini 2.5 Flash, for example, often struggled with this complexity, resulting in broken logic. While Gemini 3 Pro's state-of-the-art reasoning creates a more visually appealing result, Gemini 3 Flash can still handle the task with precision, demonstrating that a rapid prototyping tool doesn't have to compromise code quality. Improve your daily work The true test of a development assistant is how it handles the high-volume, practical tasks you execute throughout the day. Gemini 3 Flash outperforms 2.5 Pro while being 3x faster at a fraction of the cost (based on Artificial Analysis benchmarking). Action code changes from large context windows Managing large codebases often involves sifting through hundreds of comments on a pull request to find the single actionable item. This requires a model capable of holding a massive context window without losing track of specific instructions. In this demo, Gemini 3 Flash processes a simulated pull request thread containing 1,000 comments. It successfully cuts through pages of "bikeshedding" to locate a single critical request regarding a timeout adjustment. Gemini CLI then applies the precise update to the configuration file on the first try. This demonstrates the model’s ability to distinguish signal from noise and execute accurate edits within massive context windows. Simulate realistic user traffic for stress testing Validating your backend infrastructure requires traffic that mimics actual user behavior, but writing custom load-testing scripts that handle concurrency and specific user journeys is often time consuming. These types of tasks are well suited for Gemini 3 Flash, reducing syntax hallucinations and failure loops, while still providing fast responses. In this demo, Gemini CLI is used to stress-test a web application hosted on Cloud Run. Gemini 3 Flash generates a Python script using asyncio to simulate concurrent users across three distinct scenarios: "Successful Order," "Payment Failed," and "Inventory Timeout." When the initial execution returns protocol errors, the model instantly analyzes the traceback and patches the script. This allows you to launch a comprehensive load test and observe the resulting metrics in your Cloud Run dashboard in seconds. Stay in the flow longer Gemini 3 Flash provides a new performance baseline for high-frequency development tasks in the terminal. By raising the performance floor and integrating with Gemini CLI’s auto-routing, it aims to help you work faster and more efficiently. Whether you are building a new prototype or managing complex infrastructure, you now have a development assistant capable of keeping up with your pace of work. Update your Gemini CLI today to the latest version to start building faster — at a lower cost per token — with Gemini 3 Flash. Build with Gemini 3 Flash (2 Part Series) 1 Build with Gemini 3 Flash, frontier intelligence that scales with you 2 Gemini 3 Flash is now available in Gemini CLI Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Google AI Follow Making AI helpful for everyone. Ready to build with AI? 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Consider upgrading your project to Laravel 12.x . Database Testing Introduction Resetting The Database After Each Test Defining Model Factories Concept Overview Generating Factories Factory States Factory Callbacks Creating Models Using Factories Instantiating Models Persisting Models Sequences Factory Relationships Has Many Relationships Belongs To Relationships Many To Many Relationships Polymorphic Relationships Defining Relationships Within Factories Running Seeders Available Assertions Introduction Laravel provides a variety of helpful tools and assertions to make it easier to test your database driven applications. In addition, Laravel model factories and seeders make it painless to create test database records using your application's Eloquent models and relationships. We'll discuss all of these powerful features in the following documentation. Resetting The Database After Each Test Before proceeding much further, let's discuss how to reset your database after each of your tests so that data from a previous test does not interfere with subsequent tests. Laravel's included Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase trait will take care of this for you. Simply use the trait on your test class: 1 <?php 2 3 namespace Tests\Feature; 4 5 use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\ RefreshDatabase ; 6 use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\ WithoutMiddleware ; 7 use Tests\ TestCase ; 8 9 class ExampleTest extends TestCase 10 { 11 use RefreshDatabase ; 12 13 /** 14 * A basic functional test example. 15 * 16 * @return void 17 */ 18 public function test_basic_example () 19 { 20 $response = $this -> get ( ' / ' ); 21 22 // ... 23 } 24 } <?php namespace Tests\Feature; use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase; use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware; use Tests\TestCase; class ExampleTest extends TestCase { use RefreshDatabase; /** * A basic functional test example. * * @return void */ public function test_basic_example() { $response = $this->get('/'); // ... } } Defining Model Factories Concept Overview First, let's talk about Eloquent model factories. When testing, you may need to insert a few records into your database before executing your test. Instead of manually specifying the value of each column when you create this test data, Laravel allows you to define a set of default attributes for each of your Eloquent models using model factories. To see an example of how to write a factory, take a look at the database/factories/UserFactory.php file in your application. This factory is included with all new Laravel applications and contains the following factory definition: 1 namespace Database\Factories; 2 3 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\ Factory ; 4 use Illuminate\Support\ Str ; 5 6 class UserFactory extends Factory 7 { 8 /** 9 * Define the model's default state. 10 * 11 * @return array 12 */ 13 public function definition () 14 { 15 return [ 16 ' name ' => $this ->faker-> name (), 17 ' email ' => $this ->faker-> unique () -> safeEmail (), 18 ' email_verified_at ' => now (), 19 ' password ' => ' $2y$10$92IXUNpkjO0rOQ5byMi.Ye4oKoEa3Ro9llC/.og/at2.uheWG/igi ' , // password 20 ' remember_token ' => Str :: random ( 10 ), 21 ]; 22 } 23 } namespace Database\Factories; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory; use Illuminate\Support\Str; class UserFactory extends Factory { /** * Define the model's default state. * * @return array */ public function definition() { return [ 'name' => $this->faker->name(), 'email' => $this->faker->unique()->safeEmail(), 'email_verified_at' => now(), 'password' => '$2y$10$92IXUNpkjO0rOQ5byMi.Ye4oKoEa3Ro9llC/.og/at2.uheWG/igi', // password 'remember_token' => Str::random(10), ]; } } As you can see, in their most basic form, factories are classes that extend Laravel's base factory class and define definition method. The definition method returns the default set of attribute values that should be applied when creating a model using the factory. Via the faker property, factories have access to the Faker PHP library, which allows you to conveniently generate various kinds of random data for testing. You can set your application's Faker locale by adding a faker_locale option to your config/app.php configuration file. Generating Factories To create a factory, execute the make:factory Artisan command : 1 php artisan make : factory PostFactory php artisan make:factory PostFactory The new factory class will be placed in your database/factories directory. Model & Factory Discovery Conventions Once you have defined your factories, you may use the static factory method provided to your models by the Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory trait in order to instantiate a factory instance for that model. The HasFactory trait's factory method will use conventions to determine the proper factory for the model the trait is assigned to. Specifically, the method will look for a factory in the Database\Factories namespace that has a class name matching the model name and is suffixed with Factory . If these conventions do not apply to your particular application or factory, you may overwrite the newFactory method on your model to return an instance of the model's corresponding factory directly: 1 use Database\Factories\Administration\ FlightFactory ; 2 3 /** 4 * Create a new factory instance for the model. 5 * 6 * @return \ Illuminate \ Database \ Eloquent \ Factories \ Factory 7 */ 8 protected static function newFactory () 9 { 10 return FlightFactory :: new (); 11 } use Database\Factories\Administration\FlightFactory; /** * Create a new factory instance for the model. * * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory */ protected static function newFactory() { return FlightFactory::new(); } Next, define a model property on the corresponding factory: 1 use App\Administration\ Flight ; 2 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\ Factory ; 3 4 class FlightFactory extends Factory 5 { 6 /** 7 * The name of the factory's corresponding model. 8 * 9 * @var string 10 */ 11 protected $model = Flight :: class ; 12 } use App\Administration\Flight; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory; class FlightFactory extends Factory { /** * The name of the factory's corresponding model. * * @var string */ protected $model = Flight::class; } Factory States State manipulation methods allow you to define discrete modifications that can be applied to your model factories in any combination. For example, your Database\Factories\UserFactory factory might contain a suspended state method that modifies one of its default attribute values. State transformation methods typically call the state method provided by Laravel's base factory class. The state method accepts a closure which will receive the array of raw attributes defined for the factory and should return an array of attributes to modify: 1 /** 2 * Indicate that the user is suspended. 3 * 4 * @return \ Illuminate \ Database \ Eloquent \ Factories \ Factory 5 */ 6 public function suspended () 7 { 8 return $this -> state ( function ( array $attributes ) { 9 return [ 10 ' account_status ' => ' suspended ' , 11 ]; 12 }); 13 } /** * Indicate that the user is suspended. * * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory */ public function suspended() { return $this->state(function (array $attributes) { return [ 'account_status' => 'suspended', ]; }); } Factory Callbacks Factory callbacks are registered using the afterMaking and afterCreating methods and allow you to perform additional tasks after making or creating a model. You should register these callbacks by defining a configure method on your factory class. This method will be automatically called by Laravel when the factory is instantiated: 1 namespace Database\Factories; 2 3 use App\Models\ User ; 4 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\ Factory ; 5 use Illuminate\Support\ Str ; 6 7 class UserFactory extends Factory 8 { 9 /** 10 * Configure the model factory. 11 * 12 * @return $this 13 */ 14 public function configure () 15 { 16 return $this -> afterMaking ( function ( User $user ) { 17 // 18 }) -> afterCreating ( function ( User $user ) { 19 // 20 }); 21 } 22 23 // ... 24 } namespace Database\Factories; use App\Models\User; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory; use Illuminate\Support\Str; class UserFactory extends Factory { /** * Configure the model factory. * * @return $this */ public function configure() { return $this->afterMaking(function (User $user) { // })->afterCreating(function (User $user) { // }); } // ... } Creating Models Using Factories Instantiating Models Once you have defined your factories, you may use the static factory method provided to your models by the Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory trait in order to instantiate a factory instance for that model. Let's take a look at a few examples of creating models. First, we'll use the make method to create models without persisting them to the database: 1 use App\Models\ User ; 2 3 public function test_models_can_be_instantiated () 4 { 5 $user = User :: factory () -> make (); 6 7 // Use model in tests... 8 } use App\Models\User; public function test_models_can_be_instantiated() { $user = User::factory()->make(); // Use model in tests... } You may create a collection of many models using the count method: 1 $users = User :: factory () -> count ( 3 ) -> make (); $users = User::factory()->count(3)->make(); Applying States You may also apply any of your states to the models. If you would like to apply multiple state transformations to the models, you may simply call the state transformation methods directly: 1 $users = User :: factory () -> count ( 5 ) -> suspended () -> make (); $users = User::factory()->count(5)->suspended()->make(); Overriding Attributes If you would like to override some of the default values of your models, you may pass an array of values to the make method. Only the specified attributes will be replaced while the rest of the attributes remain set to their default values as specified by the factory: 1 $user = User :: factory () -> make ([ 2 ' name ' => ' Abigail Otwell ' , 3 ]); $user = User::factory()->make([ 'name' => 'Abigail Otwell', ]); Alternatively, the state method may be called directly on the factory instance to perform an inline state transformation: 1 $user = User :: factory () -> state ([ 2 ' name ' => ' Abigail Otwell ' , 3 ]) -> make (); $user = User::factory()->state([ 'name' => 'Abigail Otwell', ])->make(); Mass assignment protection is automatically disabled when creating models using factories. Persisting Models The create method instantiates model instances and persists them to the database using Eloquent's save method: 1 use App\Models\ User ; 2 3 public function test_models_can_be_persisted () 4 { 5 // Create a single App\Models\User instance... 6 $user = User :: factory () -> create (); 7 8 // Create three App\Models\User instances... 9 $users = User :: factory () -> count ( 3 ) -> create (); 10 11 // Use model in tests... 12 } use App\Models\User; public function test_models_can_be_persisted() { // Create a single App\Models\User instance... $user = User::factory()->create(); // Create three App\Models\User instances... $users = User::factory()->count(3)->create(); // Use model in tests... } You may override the factory's default model attributes by passing an array of attributes to the create method: 1 $user = User :: factory () -> create ([ 2 ' name ' => ' Abigail ' , 3 ]); $user = User::factory()->create([ 'name' => 'Abigail', ]); Sequences Sometimes you may wish to alternate the value of a given model attribute for each created model. You may accomplish this by defining a state transformation as a sequence. For example, you may wish to alternate the value of an admin column between Y and N for each created user: 1 use App\Models\ User ; 2 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\ Sequence ; 3 4 $users = User :: factory () 5 -> count ( 10 ) 6 -> state ( new Sequence ( 7 [ ' admin ' => ' Y ' ], 8 [ ' admin ' => ' N ' ], 9 )) 10 -> create (); use App\Models\User; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Sequence; $users = User::factory() ->count(10) ->state(new Sequence( ['admin' => 'Y'], ['admin' => 'N'], )) ->create(); In this example, five users will be created with an admin value of Y and five users will be created with an admin value of N . If necessary, you may include a closure as a sequence value. The closure will be invoked each time the sequence needs a new value: 1 $users = User :: factory () 2 -> count ( 10 ) 3 -> state ( new Sequence ( 4 fn ( $sequence ) => [ ' role ' => UserRoles :: all () -> random ()], 5 )) 6 -> create (); $users = User::factory() ->count(10) ->state(new Sequence( fn ($sequence) => ['role' => UserRoles::all()->random()], )) ->create(); Within a sequence closure, you may access the $index or $count properties on the sequence instance that is injected into the closure. The $index property contains the number of iterations through the sequence that have occurred thus far, while the $count property contains the total number of times the sequence will be invoked: 1 $users = User :: factory () 2 -> count ( 10 ) 3 -> sequence ( fn ( $sequence ) => [ ' name ' => ' Name ' . $sequence ->index ]) 4 -> create (); $users = User::factory() ->count(10) ->sequence(fn ($sequence) => ['name' => 'Name '.$sequence->index]) ->create(); Factory Relationships Has Many Relationships Next, let's explore building Eloquent model relationships using Laravel's fluent factory methods. First, let's assume our application has an App\Models\User model and an App\Models\Post model. Also, let's assume that the User model defines a hasMany relationship with Post . We can create a user that has three posts using the has method provided by the Laravel's factories. The has method accepts a factory instance: 1 use App\Models\ Post ; 2 use App\Models\ User ; 3 4 $user = User :: factory () 5 -> has ( Post :: factory () -> count ( 3 )) 6 -> create (); use App\Models\Post; use App\Models\User; $user = User::factory() ->has(Post::factory()->count(3)) ->create(); By convention, when passing a Post model to the has method, Laravel will assume that the User model must have a posts method that defines the relationship. If necessary, you may explicitly specify the name of the relationship that you would like to manipulate: 1 $user = User :: factory () 2 -> has ( Post :: factory () -> count ( 3 ), ' posts ' ) 3 -> create (); $user = User::factory() ->has(Post::factory()->count(3), 'posts') ->create(); Of course, you may perform state manipulations on the related models. In addition, you may pass a closure based state transformation if your state change requires access to the parent model: 1 $user = User :: factory () 2 -> has ( 3 Post :: factory () 4 -> count ( 3 ) 5 -> state ( function ( array $attributes , User $user ) { 6 return [ ' user_type ' => $user ->type ]; 7 }) 8 ) 9 -> create (); $user = User::factory() ->has( Post::factory() ->count(3) ->state(function (array $attributes, User $user) { return ['user_type' => $user->type]; }) ) ->create(); Using Magic Methods For convenience, you may use Laravel's magic factory relationship methods to build relationships. For example, the following example will use convention to determine that the related models should be created via a posts relationship method on the User model: 1 $user = User :: factory () 2 -> hasPosts ( 3 ) 3 -> create (); $user = User::factory() ->hasPosts(3) ->create(); When using magic methods to create factory relationships, you may pass an array of attributes to override on the related models: 1 $user = User :: factory () 2 -> hasPosts ( 3 , [ 3 ' published ' => false , 4 ]) 5 -> create (); $user = User::factory() ->hasPosts(3, [ 'published' => false, ]) ->create(); You may provide a closure based state transformation if your state change requires access to the parent model: 1 $user = User :: factory () 2 -> hasPosts ( 3 , function ( array $attributes , User $user ) { 3 return [ ' user_type ' => $user ->type ]; 4 }) 5 -> create (); $user = User::factory() ->hasPosts(3, function (array $attributes, User $user) { return ['user_type' => $user->type]; }) ->create(); Belongs To Relationships Now that we have explored how to build "has many" relationships using factories, let's explore the inverse of the relationship. The for method may be used to define the parent model that factory created models belong to. For example, we can create three App\Models\Post model instances that belong to a single user: 1 use App\Models\ Post ; 2 use App\Models\ User ; 3 4 $posts = Post :: factory () 5 -> count ( 3 ) 6 -> for ( User :: factory () -> state ([ 7 ' name ' => ' Jessica Archer ' , 8 ])) 9 -> create (); use App\Models\Post; use App\Models\User; $posts = Post::factory() ->count(3) ->for(User::factory()->state([ 'name' => 'Jessica Archer', ])) ->create(); If you already have a parent model instance that should be associated with the models you are creating, you may pass the model instance to the for method: 1 $user = User :: factory () -> create (); 2 3 $posts = Post :: factory () 4 -> count ( 3 ) 5 -> for ( $user ) 6 -> create (); $user = User::factory()->create(); $posts = Post::factory() ->count(3) ->for($user) ->create(); Using Magic Methods For convenience, you may use Laravel's magic factory relationship methods to define "belongs to" relationships. For example, the following example will use convention to determine that the three posts should belong to the user relationship on the Post model: 1 $posts = Post :: factory () 2 -> count ( 3 ) 3 -> forUser ([ 4 ' name ' => ' Jessica Archer ' , 5 ]) 6 -> create (); $posts = Post::factory() ->count(3) ->forUser([ 'name' => 'Jessica Archer', ]) ->create(); Many To Many Relationships Like has many relationships , "many to many" relationships may be created using the has method: 1 use App\Models\ Role ; 2 use App\Models\ User ; 3 4 $user = User :: factory () 5 -> has ( Role :: factory () -> count ( 3 )) 6 -> create (); use App\Models\Role; use App\Models\User; $user = User::factory() ->has(Role::factory()->count(3)) ->create(); Pivot Table Attributes If you need to define attributes that should be set on the pivot / intermediate table linking the models, you may use the hasAttached method. This method accepts an array of pivot table attribute names and values as its second argument: 1 use App\Models\ Role ; 2 use App\Models\ User ; 3 4 $user = User :: factory () 5 -> hasAttached ( 6 Role :: factory () -> count ( 3 ), 7 [ ' active ' => true ] 8 ) 9 -> create (); use App\Models\Role; use App\Models\User; $user = User::factory() ->hasAttached( Role::factory()->count(3), ['active' => true] ) ->create(); You may provide a closure based state transformation if your state change requires access to the related model: 1 $user = User :: factory () 2 -> hasAttached ( 3 Role :: factory () 4 -> count ( 3 ) 5 -> state ( function ( array $attributes , User $user ) { 6 return [ ' name ' => $user ->name . ' Role ' ]; 7 }), 8 [ ' active ' => true ] 9 ) 10 -> create (); $user = User::factory() ->hasAttached( Role::factory() ->count(3) ->state(function (array $attributes, User $user) { return ['name' => $user->name.' Role']; }), ['active' => true] ) ->create(); If you already have model instances that you would like to be attached to the models you are creating, you may pass the model instances to the hasAttached method. In this example, the same three roles will be attached to all three users: 1 $roles = Role :: factory () -> count ( 3 ) -> create (); 2 3 $user = User :: factory () 4 -> count ( 3 ) 5 -> hasAttached ( $roles , [ ' active ' => true ]) 6 -> create (); $roles = Role::factory()->count(3)->create(); $user = User::factory() ->count(3) ->hasAttached($roles, ['active' => true]) ->create(); Using Magic Methods For convenience, you may use Laravel's magic factory relationship methods to define many to many relationships. For example, the following example will use convention to determine that the related models should be created via a roles relationship method on the User model: 1 $user = User :: factory () 2 -> hasRoles ( 1 , [ 3 ' name ' => ' Editor ' 4 ]) 5 -> create (); $user = User::factory() ->hasRoles(1, [ 'name' => 'Editor' ]) ->create(); Polymorphic Relationships Polymorphic relationships may also be created using factories. Polymorphic "morph many" relationships are created in the same way as typical "has many" relationships. For example, if a App\Models\Post model has a morphMany relationship with a App\Models\Comment model: 1 use App\Models\ Post ; 2 3 $post = Post :: factory () -> hasComments ( 3 ) -> create (); use App\Models\Post; $post = Post::factory()->hasComments(3)->create(); Morph To Relationships Magic methods may not be used to create morphTo relationships. Instead, the for method must be used directly and the name of the relationship must be explicitly provided. For example, imagine that the Comment model has a commentable method that defines a morphTo relationship. In this situation, we may create three comments that belong to a single post by using the for method directly: 1 $comments = Comment :: factory () -> count ( 3 ) -> for ( 2 Post :: factory (), ' commentable ' 3 ) -> create (); $comments = Comment::factory()->count(3)->for( Post::factory(), 'commentable' )->create(); Polymorphic Many To Many Relationships Polymorphic "many to many" ( morphToMany / morphedByMany ) relationships may be created just like non-polymorphic "many to many" relationships: 1 use App\Models\ Tag ; 2 use App\Models\ Video ; 3 4 $videos = Video :: factory () 5 -> hasAttached ( 6 Tag :: factory () -> count ( 3 ), 7 [ ' public ' => true ] 8 ) 9 -> create (); use App\Models\Tag; use App\Models\Video; $videos = Video::factory() ->hasAttached( Tag::factory()->count(3), ['public' => true] ) ->create(); Of course, the magic has method may also be used to create polymorphic "many to many" relationships: 1 $videos = Video :: factory () 2 -> hasTags ( 3 , [ ' public ' => true ]) 3 -> create (); $videos = Video::factory() ->hasTags(3, ['public' => true]) ->create(); Defining Relationships Within Factories To define a relationship within your model factory, you will typically assign a new factory instance to the foreign key of the relationship. This is normally done for the "inverse" relationships such as belongsTo and morphTo relationships. For example, if you would like to create a new user when creating a post, you may do the following: 1 use App\Models\ User ; 2 3 /** 4 * Define the model's default state. 5 * 6 * @return array 7 */ 8 public function definition () 9 { 10 return [ 11 ' user_id ' => User :: factory (), 12 ' title ' => $this ->faker-> title (), 13 ' content ' => $this ->faker-> paragraph (), 14 ]; 15 } use App\Models\User; /** * Define the model's default state. * * @return array */ public function definition() { return [ 'user_id' => User::factory(), 'title' => $this->faker->title(), 'content' => $this->faker->paragraph(), ]; } If the relationship's columns depend on the factory that defines it you may assign a closure to an attribute. The closure will receive the factory's evaluated attribute array: 1 /** 2 * Define the model's default state. 3 * 4 * @return array 5 */ 6 public function definition () 7 { 8 return [ 9 ' user_id ' => User :: factory (), 10 ' user_type ' => function ( array $attributes ) { 11 return User :: find ( $attributes [ ' user_id ' ]) ->type ; 12 }, 13 ' title ' => $this ->faker-> title (), 14 ' content ' => $this ->faker-> paragraph (), 15 ]; 16 } /** * Define the model's default state. * * @return array */ public function definition() { return [ 'user_id' => User::factory(), 'user_type' => function (array $attributes) { return User::find($attributes['user_id'])->type; }, 'title' => $this->faker->title(), 'content' => $this->faker->paragraph(), ]; } Running Seeders If you would like to use database seeders to populate your database during a feature test, you may invoke the seed method. By default, the seed method will execute the DatabaseSeeder , which should execute all of your other seeders. Alternatively, you pass a specific seeder class name to the seed method: 1 <?php 2 3 namespace Tests\Feature; 4 5 use Database\Seeders\ OrderStatusSeeder ; 6 use Database\Seeders\ TransactionStatusSeeder ; 7 use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\ RefreshDatabase ; 8 use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\ WithoutMiddleware ; 9 use Tests\ TestCase ; 10 11 class ExampleTest extends TestCase 12 { 13 use RefreshDatabase ; 14 15 /** 16 * Test creating a new order. 17 * 18 * @return void 19 */ 20 public function test_orders_can_be_created () 21 { 22 // Run the DatabaseSeeder... 23 $this -> seed (); 24 25 // Run a specific seeder... 26 $this -> seed ( OrderStatusSeeder :: class ); 27 28 // ... 29 30 // Run an array of specific seeders... 31 $this -> seed ([ 32 OrderStatusSeeder :: class , 33 TransactionStatusSeeder :: class , 34 // ... 35 ]); 36 } 37 } <?php namespace Tests\Feature; use Database\Seeders\OrderStatusSeeder; use Database\Seeders\TransactionStatusSeeder; use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase; use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware; use Tests\TestCase; class ExampleTest extends TestCase { use RefreshDatabase; /** * Test creating a new order. * * @return void */ public function test_orders_can_be_created() { // Run the DatabaseSeeder... $this->seed(); // Run a specific seeder... $this->seed(OrderStatusSeeder::class); // ... // Run an array of specific seeders... $this->seed([ OrderStatusSeeder::class, TransactionStatusSeeder::class, // ... ]); } } Alternatively, you may instruct Laravel to automatically seed the database before each test that uses the RefreshDatabase trait. You may accomplish this by defining a $seed property on your base test class: 1 <?php 2 3 namespace Tests; 4 5 use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\ TestCase as BaseTestCase; 6 7 abstract class TestCase extends BaseTestCase 8 { 9 use CreatesApplication ; 10 11 /** 12 * Indicates whether the default seeder should run before each test. 13 * 14 * @var bool 15 */ 16 protected $seed = true ; 17 } <?php namespace Tests; use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\TestCase as BaseTestCase; abstract class TestCase extends BaseTestCase { use CreatesApplication; /** * Indicates whether the default seeder should run before each test. * * @var bool */ protected $seed = true; } When the $seed property is true , the test will run the Database\Seeders\DatabaseSeeder class before each test that uses the RefreshDatabase trait. However, you may specify a specific seeder that should be executed by defining a $seeder property on your test class: 1 use Database\Seeders\ OrderStatusSeeder ; 2 3 /** 4 * Run a specific seeder before each test. 5 * 6 * @var string 7 */ 8 protected $seeder = OrderStatusSeeder :: class ; use Database\Seeders\OrderStatusSeeder; /** * Run a specific seeder before each test. * * @var string */ protected $seeder = OrderStatusSeeder::class; Available Assertions Laravel provides several database assertions for your PHPUnit feature tests. We'll discuss each of these assertions below. assertDatabaseCount Assert that a table in the database contains the given number of records: 1 $this -> assertDatabaseCount ( ' users ' , 5 ); $this->assertDatabaseCount('users', 5); assertDatabaseHas Assert that a table in the database contains records matching the given key / value query constraints: 1 $this -> assertDatabaseHas ( ' users ' , [ 2 ' email ' => ' [email protected] ' , 3 ]); $this->assertDatabaseHas('users', [ 'email' => ' [email protected] ', ]); assertDatabaseMissing Assert that a table in the database does not contain records matching the given key / value query constraints: 1 $this -> assertDatabaseMissing ( ' users ' , [ 2 ' email ' => ' [email protected] ' , 3 ]); $this->assertDatabaseMissing('users', [ 'email' => ' [email protected] ', ]); assertDeleted The assertDeleted asserts that a given Eloquent model has been deleted from the database: 1 use App\Models\ User ; 2 3 $user = User :: find ( 1 ); 4 5 $user -> delete (); 6 7 $this -> assertDeleted ( $user ); use App\Models\User; $user = User::find(1); $user->delete(); $this->assertDeleted($user); The assertSoftDeleted method may be used to assert a given Eloquent model has been "soft deleted": 1 $this -> assertSoftDeleted ( $user ); $this->assertSoftDeleted($user); assertModelExists Assert that a given model exists in the database: 1 use App\Models\ User ; 2 3 $user = User :: factory () -> create (); 4 5 $this -> assertModelExists ( $user ); use App\Models\User; $user = User::factory()->create(); $this->assertModelExists($user); assertModelMissing Assert that a given model does not exist in the database: 1 use App\Models\ User ; 2 3 $user = User :: factory () -> create (); 4 5 $user -> delete (); 6 7 $this -> assertModelMissing ( $user ); use App\Models\User; $user = User::factory()->create(); $user->delete(); $this->assertModelMissing($user); Copy as markdown On this page Introduction Resetting The Database After Each Test Defining Model Factories Concept Overview Generating Factories Factory States Factory Callbacks Creating Models Using Factories Instantiating Models Persisting Models Sequences Factory Relationships Has Many Relationships Belongs To Relationships Many To Many Relationships Polymorphic Relationships Defining Relationships Within Factories Running Seeders Available Assertions Server management made simple for any PHP app Learn more The fastest way to deploy and scale Laravel apps Learn more First-class monitoring and deep insights for Laravel apps Learn more Supercharge your AI development with essential context Learn more Laravel is the most productive way to build, deploy, and monitor software. © 2026 Laravel Legal Status Products Cloud Forge Nightwatch Vapor Nova Packages Cashier Dusk Horizon Octane Scout Pennant Pint Sail Sanctum Socialite Telescope Pulse Reverb Echo Resources Documentation Starter Kits Release Notes Blog News Community Larabelles Learn Jobs Careers Trust Partners Math.random() - 0.5) }, }" class="col-span-6 mb-6 space-y-6 lg:col-span-2 lg:mb-0" > More Partners | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://www.highlight.io/docs/general/company/open-source/contributing/architecture | Application Architecture Star us on GitHub Star Docs Sign in Sign up General Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Menu Highlight Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Getting Started Getting Started with Highlight Fullstack Mapping Browser React.js Next.js Remix Vue.js Angular Gatsby.js SvelteKit Electron highlight.run SDK Overview Canvas & WebGL Console Messages Content-Security-Policy Identifying Users iframe Recording Monkey Patches Browser OpenTelemetry Persistent Asset Storage Privacy Proxying Highlight React.js Error Boundary Recording Network Requests and Responses Recording WebSocket Events Salesforce Lightning Web Components (LWC) Data Export Sourcemap Configuration Tracking Events Troubleshooting Upgrading Highlight Versioning Sessions & Errors Other React Native (beta) Server Go Overview chi Echo Fiber Gin GORM gqlgen Logrus Manual Tracing gorilla mux JS Overview Apollo AWS Lambda Cloudflare Workers Express.js Firebase Hono Nest.js Next.js Node.js Pino tRPC Winston Python Overview AWS Lambda Azure Functions Django FastAPI Flask Google Cloud Functions Loguru Other Frameworks Python AI / LLM Libraries Python Libraries Ruby Overview Other Frameworks Ruby on Rails Rust Overview actix-web No Framework Hosting Providers Overview Metrics in AWS Logging in AWS Logging in Azure Fly.io NATS Log Shipper Logging in GCP Heroku Log Drain Render Log Stream Logging in Trigger.dev Vercel Log Drain Elixir Overview Elixir App Java: All Frameworks PHP: All Frameworks C# .NET ASP C# .NET 4 ASP Docker / Docker Compose File Fluent Forward curl OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP) Syslog RFC5424 Systemd / Journald Native OpenTelemetry Overview Error Monitoring Logging Tracing Browser Instrumentation Metrics Fullstack Frameworks Overview Next.js Fullstack Overview Next.js Page Router Guide Next.js App Router Guide Edge Runtime Advanced Config Remix Walkthrough Self Host & Local Dev Overview Development deployment guide. Integrations Microsoft Teams self-hosted Hobby deployment guide. Traefik SSL Proxying. Docs Home SDK Client SDK API Reference Cloudflare Worker SDK API Reference Go SDK API Reference Hono SDK API Reference Java SDK API Reference Next.JS SDK API Reference Node.JS SDK API Reference Python SDK API Reference Ruby SDK API Reference Rust SDK API Reference Docs / Highlight Docs / Company / Open Source / Contributing / Application Architecture Application Architecture Here's the high level structure of the code that you'll want to start tinkering with. SDKs sdk/ Firstload Client highlight-node / other SDKs Public Graph backend/public-graph/graph/schema.resolvers.go SDK data ingest GraphQL endpoint, hosted locally at http://localhost:8082/public Private Graph backend/private-graph/graph/schema.resolvers.go GraphQL endpoint for frontend, hosted locally at http://localhost:8082/private Workers backend/worker.go Public graph worker processPublicWorkerMessage Async worker Start General Architecture Diagram Code Structure Diagram Kafka Diagram InfluxDB Diagram OpenTelemetry Diagram Adding an SDK GitHub Code Spaces Community / Support Suggest Edits? Follow us! [object Object] | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://forem.com/hamzaansariask#main-content | Hamza Ansari - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Hamza Ansari Website Developer at in Scotland at tech company in scotland. Location scotland Joined Joined on May 31, 2025 More info about @hamzaansariask Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close 1 Week Community Wellness Streak For actively engaging with the community by posting at least 2 comments in a single week. Got it Close Post 1 post published Comment 2 comments written Tag 0 tags followed How Australian E-commerce Startups Are Using AI to Personalise the Customer Journey Hamza Ansari Hamza Ansari Hamza Ansari Follow Oct 4 '25 How Australian E-commerce Startups Are Using AI to Personalise the Customer Journey # commerce Comments Add Comment 5 min read Want to connect with Hamza Ansari? Create an account to connect with Hamza Ansari. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a blogging-forward open source social network where we learn from one another Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://github.com/kanywst/y509 | GitHub - kanywst/y509: A terminal user interface (TUI) tool for viewing and analyzing X.509 certificate chains Skip to content Navigation Menu Toggle navigation Sign in Appearance settings Platform AI CODE CREATION GitHub Copilot Write better code with AI GitHub Spark Build and deploy intelligent apps GitHub Models Manage and compare prompts MCP Registry New Integrate external tools DEVELOPER WORKFLOWS Actions Automate any workflow Codespaces Instant dev environments Issues Plan and track work Code Review Manage code changes APPLICATION SECURITY GitHub Advanced Security Find and fix vulnerabilities Code security Secure your code as you build Secret protection Stop leaks before they start EXPLORE Why GitHub Documentation Blog Changelog Marketplace View all features Solutions BY COMPANY SIZE Enterprises Small and medium teams Startups Nonprofits BY USE CASE App Modernization DevSecOps DevOps CI/CD View all use cases BY INDUSTRY Healthcare Financial services Manufacturing Government View all industries View all solutions Resources EXPLORE BY TOPIC AI Software Development DevOps Security View all topics EXPLORE BY TYPE Customer stories Events & webinars Ebooks & reports Business insights GitHub Skills SUPPORT & SERVICES Documentation Customer support Community forum Trust center Partners Open Source COMMUNITY GitHub Sponsors Fund open source developers PROGRAMS Security Lab Maintainer Community Accelerator Archive Program REPOSITORIES Topics Trending Collections Enterprise ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS Enterprise platform AI-powered developer platform AVAILABLE ADD-ONS GitHub Advanced Security Enterprise-grade security features Copilot for Business Enterprise-grade AI features Premium Support Enterprise-grade 24/7 support Pricing Search or jump to... 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Dismiss alert {{ message }} kanywst / y509 Public Notifications You must be signed in to change notification settings Fork 0 Star 0 A terminal user interface (TUI) tool for viewing and analyzing X.509 certificate chains License MIT license 0 stars 0 forks Branches Tags Activity Star Notifications You must be signed in to change notification settings Code Issues 0 Pull requests 0 Discussions Actions Projects 0 Security Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Insights Additional navigation options Code Issues Pull requests Discussions Actions Projects Security Insights kanywst/y509 main Branches Tags Go to file Code Open more actions menu Folders and files Name Name Last commit message Last commit date Latest commit History 17 Commits .github/ workflows .github/ workflows Formula Formula cmd/ y509 cmd/ y509 completions completions internal internal man/ man1 man/ man1 pkg/ certificate pkg/ certificate scripts scripts testdata/ demo testdata/ demo .gitignore .gitignore .goreleaser.yml .goreleaser.yml Brewfile Brewfile LICENSE LICENSE Makefile Makefile README.md README.md debug_test.go debug_test.go demo.gif demo.gif demo.tape demo.tape go.mod go.mod go.sum go.sum View all files Repository files navigation README MIT license y509 A terminal user interface (TUI) tool for viewing and analyzing X.509 certificate chains, built with Go using Bubble Tea and Lip Gloss . Features Intuitive TUI : Two-pane interface with certificate list and detailed information Certificate Chain Validation : Comprehensive chain validation with detailed error reporting Search & Filter : Search certificates by CN, organization, DNS names, or filter by status Export Functionality : Export certificates in PEM or DER format Certificate Status : Color-coded indicators for expired and expiring certificates Detailed Certificate Information : Subject, Issuer, validity, SAN, SHA256 fingerprint, serial number Multiple Input Sources : Read from files or stdin Installation Using Homebrew (macOS) brew tap kanywst/y509 https://github.com/kanywst/y509 brew install y509 Using go install go install github.com/kanywst/y509@latest Building from source git clone https://github.com/kanywst/y509.git cd y509 go build -o y509 ./cmd/y509 Usage Basic Usage # Read from file y509 path/to/certificate-chain.pem # Read from stdin cat certificate-chain.pem | y509 openssl s_client -connect example.com:443 -showcerts | y509 Keyboard Controls Key Action ↑ / k Navigate up in certificate list ↓ / j Navigate down in certificate list ← / h Switch to left pane (certificate list) → / l Switch to right pane (certificate details) : Enter command mode q / Ctrl+C Quit application Command Mode Press : to enter command mode. Available commands: Command Description subject Show detailed certificate subject information issuer Show detailed certificate issuer information validity Show certificate validity period and status san Show Subject Alternative Names fingerprint Show SHA256 fingerprint serial Show certificate serial number pubkey Show public key information validate Validate certificate chain search <query> Search certificates by CN, organization, DNS names filter expired Show only expired certificates filter expiring Show only expiring certificates (within 30 days) export pem <filename> Export current certificate as PEM format export der <filename> Export current certificate as DER format help Show command help quit Exit command mode Contributing Contributions are welcome! Please feel free to submit a Pull Request. For major changes, please open an issue first to discuss what you would like to change. License This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details. About A terminal user interface (TUI) tool for viewing and analyzing X.509 certificate chains Resources Readme License MIT license Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Activity Stars 0 stars Watchers 0 watching Forks 0 forks Report repository Releases 5 v0.4.1 Latest Jan 5, 2026 + 4 releases Packages 0 No packages published Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Contributors 2 Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Languages Go 94.6% Shell 2.8% Makefile 1.9% Ruby 0.7% Footer © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Footer navigation Terms Privacy Security Status Community Docs Contact Manage cookies Do not share my personal information You can’t perform that action at this time. | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://dev.to/alexsergey | Sergey - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Sergey 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Nov 18, 2020 github website More info about @alexsergey Badges Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close Post 6 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 2 tags followed Mastering the Dependency Inversion Principle: Best Practices for Clean Code with DI Sergey Sergey Sergey Follow Nov 28 '24 Mastering the Dependency Inversion Principle: Best Practices for Clean Code with DI # webdev # javascript # typescript # programming 11 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read Rockpack 2.0 Official Release Sergey Sergey Sergey Follow Jan 18 '22 Rockpack 2.0 Official Release # showdev # react # javascript # webdev 48 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read CSS Modules vs CSS-in-JS. Who wins? Sergey Sergey Sergey Follow Mar 11 '21 CSS Modules vs CSS-in-JS. Who wins? # react # webdev # javascript # css 276 reactions Comments 32 comments 5 min read Project Structure. Repository and folders. Review of approaches. Sergey Sergey Sergey Follow Feb 17 '21 Project Structure. Repository and folders. Review of approaches. # javascript # react # webdev # codenewbie 274 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read Log-Driven Development Sergey Sergey Sergey Follow Feb 2 '21 Log-Driven Development # javascript # react # testing # webdev 135 reactions Comments 6 comments 7 min read Server-Side Rendering from zero to hero Sergey Sergey Sergey Follow Jan 19 '21 Server-Side Rendering from zero to hero # react # webdev # javascript # tutorial 129 reactions Comments 5 comments 12 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://docs.github.com/en/nonprofit | GitHub for Nonprofits documentation - GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Free, Pro, & Team Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar GitHub for Nonprofits Home GitHub for Nonprofits Quickstart Free GitHub Team plan for nonprofits Apply for GitHub Team Discounted GitHub Enterprise Cloud plan for nonprofits Apply for GitHub Enterprise Cloud Digital Public Goods and open source for good For Good First Issue Contributing to an open source for good project Troubleshooting common issues Frequently asked questions Cannot find my organization on GitHub for Nonprofits portal GitHub for Nonprofits documentation GitHub for Nonprofits helps you teach or learn software development with the tools and support of GitHub's platform and community. Quickstart Start here GitHub Enterprise Cloud for nonprofits Learn how to apply for a discounted GitHub Enterprise Cloud plan for nonprofits. GitHub Team plan for nonprofits Learn how to apply for a free GitHub Team plan for nonprofits. Frequently asked questions Troubleshooting for GitHub for Nonprofits applications Open Source Projects for Good Nonprofit organizations can partner with open source collaborators to build solutions together. Popular Quickstart for GitHub for Nonprofits Learn how to join the GitHub for Nonprofits community through exclusive discounts and GitHub programming. Frequently asked questions Troubleshooting common errors with the GitHub for Nonprofits process. Guides Creating an account on GitHub Create a personal account to get started with GitHub. @GitHub Git and GitHub learning resources There are a lot of helpful Git and GitHub resources available. @GitHub All GitHub for Nonprofits docs GitHub Team plan for nonprofits Getting started with the GitHub Team plan for nonprofits GitHub Enterprise Cloud for nonprofits Getting started with discounted GitHub Enterprise Cloud Open Source Projects for Good Adding an open source project Contributing to an open source for good project Frequently asked questions Frequently asked questions Cannot find my organization on GitHub for Nonprofits Help and support Did you find what you needed? Yes No Privacy policy Help us make these docs great! All GitHub docs are open source. See something that's wrong or unclear? Submit a pull request. Make a contribution Learn how to contribute Still need help? Ask the GitHub community Contact support Legal © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Status Pricing Expert services Blog | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://www.highlight.io/docs/general/product-features/dashboards/dashboards-tutorials/user-analytics | User Analytics Star us on GitHub Star Docs Sign in Sign up General Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Menu Highlight Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Getting Started Getting Started with Highlight Fullstack Mapping Browser React.js Next.js Remix Vue.js Angular Gatsby.js SvelteKit Electron highlight.run SDK Overview Canvas & WebGL Console Messages Content-Security-Policy Identifying Users iframe Recording Monkey Patches Browser OpenTelemetry Persistent Asset Storage Privacy Proxying Highlight React.js Error Boundary Recording Network Requests and Responses Recording WebSocket Events Salesforce Lightning Web Components (LWC) Data Export Sourcemap Configuration Tracking Events Troubleshooting Upgrading Highlight Versioning Sessions & Errors Other React Native (beta) Server Go Overview chi Echo Fiber Gin GORM gqlgen Logrus Manual Tracing gorilla mux JS Overview Apollo AWS Lambda Cloudflare Workers Express.js Firebase Hono Nest.js Next.js Node.js Pino tRPC Winston Python Overview AWS Lambda Azure Functions Django FastAPI Flask Google Cloud Functions Loguru Other Frameworks Python AI / LLM Libraries Python Libraries Ruby Overview Other Frameworks Ruby on Rails Rust Overview actix-web No Framework Hosting Providers Overview Metrics in AWS Logging in AWS Logging in Azure Fly.io NATS Log Shipper Logging in GCP Heroku Log Drain Render Log Stream Logging in Trigger.dev Vercel Log Drain Elixir Overview Elixir App Java: All Frameworks PHP: All Frameworks C# .NET ASP C# .NET 4 ASP Docker / Docker Compose File Fluent Forward curl OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP) Syslog RFC5424 Systemd / Journald Native OpenTelemetry Overview Error Monitoring Logging Tracing Browser Instrumentation Metrics Fullstack Frameworks Overview Next.js Fullstack Overview Next.js Page Router Guide Next.js App Router Guide Edge Runtime Advanced Config Remix Walkthrough Self Host & Local Dev Overview Development deployment guide. Integrations Microsoft Teams self-hosted Hobby deployment guide. Traefik SSL Proxying. Docs Home SDK Client SDK API Reference Cloudflare Worker SDK API Reference Go SDK API Reference Hono SDK API Reference Java SDK API Reference Next.JS SDK API Reference Node.JS SDK API Reference Python SDK API Reference Ruby SDK API Reference Rust SDK API Reference Docs / Highlight Docs / Product Features / Dashboards / Metrics Tutorials / User Analytics User Analytics Overview This tutorial walks you through creating a graph to track unique users who clicked on header links. By following these steps, you'll gain insights into user interactions with your application, helping you understand user behavior and trends. Step-by-step Guide 1. Select the Data Source Start by selecting the source of your metrics. For tracking user engagements, we'll use user events as the data source. This provides detailed information about how users interact with your application. 2. Choose the Graph Type Next, select the type of graph you want to use to visualize your data. For this example, we'll use a bar graph, which is excellent for comparing values across different categories. 3. Apply Filters To focus on specific user events, apply filters to your data. In this case, we are looking to filter down to our custom event header-link-* , where the * represents the suffix on the link clicked. 4. Apply a Function Currently, we're retrieving the total number of events. To get the distinct number of users, update the function to CountDistinct using the identifier attribute, which tracks each user’s unique identifier, such as an email or ID. Read more about reporting identifiers in our docs . 4. Group the Data Group the events by a relevant attribute. For this example, we'll group by the event name. This allows us to analyze the filtered down events into the specific event that occurred. 5. Analyze the Results The resulting graph will show a count of all the emails (representing users) across all filtered sessions. This visualization allows you to: Identify the most clicked event Spot trends in user engagement over time Understand which parts of your application are most frequently accessed 6. Refine Your Metrics If you’d prefer to track unique sessions instead of unique users, simply modify the CountDistinct function to use secure_session_id instead of the user identifier. To get more insights into searching events, read our event search docs . 7. Interpret and Act on the Data Use the insights from your graph to understand the broader context of your application's usage: Identify which parts of the page are most used Spot any decline in engagement and investigate potential causes Recognize successful features or content that drive higher engagement Plan targeted improvements or campaigns based on user engagement patterns By regularly monitoring and analyzing these metrics, you can make data-driven decisions to enhance your application's user experience and overall success. Be sure to review and adjust your metrics periodically as your application and user base evolve. Creating User Engagement Metrics Graphing Community / Support Suggest Edits? Follow us! [object Object] | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://docs.github.com/zh | GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub 文档 Version: Free, Pro, & Team 搜索或询问 Copilot 搜索或询问 Copilot Select language: current language is Simplified Chinese 搜索或询问 Copilot 搜索或询问 Copilot 打开菜单 GitHub 文档 在 GitHub 旅程中随时为你提供帮助。 开始 开始 迁移 帐户和个人资料 订阅和通知 身份验证 计费与付款 站点政策 协作编码 Codespaces 存储库 拉取请求 GitHub Discussions 集成 GitHub Copilot GitHub Copilot 规划 获取 IDE 代码建议 编码智能体 教程 GitHub Copilot 对话助手手册 自定义库 CI/CD 和 DevOps GitHub Actions GitHub Packages GitHub Pages 安全性和质量 机密扫描 供应链安全 Dependabot 代码扫描 GitHub 代码质量 客户端应用 GitHub CLI GitHub Mobile GitHub Desktop 项目管理 GitHub Issues Projects 在 GitHub 上搜索 企业和团队 组织 保护你的组织 载入企业 企业管理员 开发人员 “应用” REST API GraphQL API Webhook GitHub 模型 Community 建设社区 GitHub Sponsors GitHub Education GitHub for Nonprofits GitHub 支持 参与编写 GitHub Docs 更多文档 CodeQL query writing Electron npm GitHub Well-Architected 入门 设置 Git GitHub 的核心是名为 Git 的开源版本控制系统 (VCS)。 Git 负责在你计算机上本地发生的、与 GitHub 有关的所有内容。 通过 SSH 连接到 GitHub 可以使用安全外壳协议 (SSH) 连接到 GitHub，该协议可在不安全的网络上提供安全通道。 创建和管理存储库 你可以在 GitHub 上创建存储库以存储和协作处理项目的文件，然后管理存储库的名称和位置。 基本写入和格式设置语法 使用简单语法为 GitHub 上的散文和代码创建复杂的格式。 热门 关于拉取请求 拉取请求允许你提出、查看和合并代码更改。 身份验证文档 使用双因素身份验证、SSH 和提交签名验证等功能，保护帐户和数据的安全。 使用 GitHub Copilot 在 IDE 中获取代码建议 在编辑器中使用 GitHub Copilot 获取代码建议。 管理远程仓库 了解如何使用计算机上的本地仓库以及 GitHub 上托管的远程仓库。 帮助和支持 是否找到了所需的内容？ 是 否 隐私策略 仍需帮助？ 询问 GitHub 社区 联系支持人员 Legal 此内容中的一些内容可能是机器翻译的或 AI 翻译的内容。 © 2026 GitHub, Inc. 术语 隐私 状态 定价 专家服务 博客 | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/creating-and-managing-repositories | Creating and managing repositories - GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Free, Pro, & Team Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar Repositories / Create & manage repositories Home Repositories Create & manage repositories About repositories Best practices Quickstart for repositories Repository limits Creating a new repository Access to repositories Create from a template Create a template repo Issues-only repository Duplicating a repository Cloning a repository Troubleshooting cloning errors Renaming a repository Transferring a repository Deleting a repository Restore deleted repository View all repositories Manage repository settings Repository access and collaboration Invite collaborators Remove a collaborator Repository permissions Remove yourself Ownership continuity Customize your repository About READMEs Licensing a repository Display a sponsor button Social media preview Classify with topics About code owners Repository languages About CITATION files Enable features Disabling issues Disable projects Manage GitHub Actions settings Discussions Security & analysis Manage repository settings Repository visibility Teams & people Manage the forking policy Manage pull request reviews Manage default branch name Manage the commit signoff policy Manage the push policy Managing Git LFS objects in archives Email notifications for pushes Configure autolinks Manage auto-closing issues Manage models Branches and merges Manage branches View branches Renaming a branch Change the default branch Delete & restore branches Configure PR merges About merge methods Configure commit merging Configure commit squashing Configure commit rebasing Managing merge queue Manage branch updates Manage auto merge Automatic branch deletion Manage protected branches About protected branches Branch protection rule Manage rulesets About rulesets Create a ruleset Manage a ruleset Available rules Troubleshooting Work with files Managing files Creating new files Add a file Move a file Edit files Renaming a file Delete files How changed files appear Using files Navigating code on GitHub View and understand files Permanent links to files Source code archives Working with non-code files Managing large files Large files Git Large File Storage Install Git LFS Configure Git LFS Collaboration Move a file to Git LFS Remove files Resolve upload failures Release projects About releases Manage releases View releases & tags Searching releases Linking to releases Comparing releases Automated release notes Automate release forms View activity and data View deployment activity About repository graphs Using Pulse View repository traffic View project contributors Analyze changes Connections between repositories Using the activity view Archive a repository Archiving repositories Archive content & data Reference & cite content Backing up a repository Repositories / Create & manage repositories Creating and managing repositories You can create a repository on GitHub to store and collaborate on your project's files, then manage the repository's name and location. About repositories Best practices for repositories Quickstart for repositories Repository limits Creating a new repository Personal repository access and collaboration Creating a repository from a template Creating a template repository Creating an issues-only repository Duplicating a repository Cloning a repository Troubleshooting cloning errors Renaming a repository Transferring a repository Deleting a repository Restoring a deleted repository Viewing all repositories Help and support Did you find what you needed? Yes No Privacy policy Help us make these docs great! All GitHub docs are open source. See something that's wrong or unclear? Submit a pull request. Make a contribution Learn how to contribute Still need help? Ask the GitHub community Contact support Legal © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Status Pricing Expert services Blog | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://dev.to/piskun_lab_mcp | Piskun Lab - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Piskun Lab 404 bio not found Location Sweden Joined Joined on Dec 15, 2025 Personal website https://apify.com/piskunlab/notion-mcp-server github website More info about @piskun_lab_mcp Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 1 post published Comment 0 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Pin Pinned How I Connected Claude Desktop to Notion using MCP (Open Source & Cloud-Hosted) Piskun Lab Piskun Lab Piskun Lab Follow Dec 15 '25 How I Connected Claude Desktop to Notion using MCP (Open Source & Cloud-Hosted) # programming # mcp # ai # tutorial 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://www.highlight.io/docs/general/product-features/tracing/overview | Tracing Features Star us on GitHub Star Docs Sign in Sign up General Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Menu Highlight Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Getting Started Getting Started with Highlight Fullstack Mapping Browser React.js Next.js Remix Vue.js Angular Gatsby.js SvelteKit Electron highlight.run SDK Overview Canvas & WebGL Console Messages Content-Security-Policy Identifying Users iframe Recording Monkey Patches Browser OpenTelemetry Persistent Asset Storage Privacy Proxying Highlight React.js Error Boundary Recording Network Requests and Responses Recording WebSocket Events Salesforce Lightning Web Components (LWC) Data Export Sourcemap Configuration Tracking Events Troubleshooting Upgrading Highlight Versioning Sessions & Errors Other React Native (beta) Server Go Overview chi Echo Fiber Gin GORM gqlgen Logrus Manual Tracing gorilla mux JS Overview Apollo AWS Lambda Cloudflare Workers Express.js Firebase Hono Nest.js Next.js Node.js Pino tRPC Winston Python Overview AWS Lambda Azure Functions Django FastAPI Flask Google Cloud Functions Loguru Other Frameworks Python AI / LLM Libraries Python Libraries Ruby Overview Other Frameworks Ruby on Rails Rust Overview actix-web No Framework Hosting Providers Overview Metrics in AWS Logging in AWS Logging in Azure Fly.io NATS Log Shipper Logging in GCP Heroku Log Drain Render Log Stream Logging in Trigger.dev Vercel Log Drain Elixir Overview Elixir App Java: All Frameworks PHP: All Frameworks C# .NET ASP C# .NET 4 ASP Docker / Docker Compose File Fluent Forward curl OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP) Syslog RFC5424 Systemd / Journald Native OpenTelemetry Overview Error Monitoring Logging Tracing Browser Instrumentation Metrics Fullstack Frameworks Overview Next.js Fullstack Overview Next.js Page Router Guide Next.js App Router Guide Edge Runtime Advanced Config Remix Walkthrough Self Host & Local Dev Overview Development deployment guide. Integrations Microsoft Teams self-hosted Hobby deployment guide. Traefik SSL Proxying. Docs Home SDK Client SDK API Reference Cloudflare Worker SDK API Reference Go SDK API Reference Hono SDK API Reference Java SDK API Reference Next.JS SDK API Reference Node.JS SDK API Reference Python SDK API Reference Ruby SDK API Reference Rust SDK API Reference Docs / Highlight Docs / Product Features / Tracing / Tracing Features Tracing Features You can find our tracing product at app.highlight.io/traces . If your language of choice isn't support in the "Getting Started" docs below, hit us up in our community or send us an email at support@highlight.io . Get started with the resources below: Get Started Set up tracing for your application. Traces Search How to search your traces in Highlight. Tracing Trace Search Community / Support Suggest Edits? Follow us! [object Object] | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow Organization actions AI and QA Leaders Empowering QA teams through AI and smart testing. A professional QA hub by Dasha Tsion, focused on AI in testing, automation, and QA leadership. Helping QA engineers build smarter, data-driven, and scalable quality processes. Location Remote / Global Joined Joined on Oct 9, 2025 GitHub logo External link icon Support email ciondasha@gmail.com Employees 5 Meet the team Our story AI & QA Leaders was founded by Dasha Tsion, a QA Manager and QA Lead with over a decade of experience in testing and automation. The community’s mission is to bring AI-driven thinking and leadership into modern QA. We share frameworks, insights, and real-world practices that help QA teams improve collaboration, test efficiency, and risk management. Our stack Our stack includes Cypress, Playwright, Testomat.io, Jira, and GitHub Actions for automation and CI/CD. We explore how AI tools and prompt engineering can enhance QA strategy, analysis, and root-cause detection. Post 22 posts published Member 4 members Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin — Part3 tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow Jan 2 Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin — Part3 # automation # testing # softwaretesting # webdev 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read AI-Powered Cypress Test Generation from Natural Language v2.0 — Now with cy.prompt() Self-Healing Let's Automate 🛡️ Let's Automate 🛡️ Let's Automate 🛡️ Follow Dec 27 '25 AI-Powered Cypress Test Generation from Natural Language v2.0 — Now with cy.prompt() Self-Healing # openai # ai # softwaretesting # cypress 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read AI-Powered Cypress Test Automation: Automated Test Creation and Execution with Machine Learning Let's Automate 🛡️ Let's Automate 🛡️ Let's Automate 🛡️ Follow Dec 26 '25 AI-Powered Cypress Test Automation: Automated Test Creation and Execution with Machine Learning # softwaretesting # ai # langchain # llm 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 8 min read Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin - Part 2 tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow Dec 24 '25 Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin - Part 2 # testing # softwareengineering # tutorial # qa 8 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read GitHub Copilot Agent Skills: Teaching AI Your Repository Patterns Let's Automate 🛡️ Let's Automate 🛡️ Let's Automate 🛡️ Follow Dec 20 '25 GitHub Copilot Agent Skills: Teaching AI Your Repository Patterns # github # githubcopilot # testing # ai 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read The Complete Guide to Testing Types: Traditional vs AI Era Let's Automate 🛡️ Let's Automate 🛡️ Let's Automate 🛡️ Follow Dec 18 '25 The Complete Guide to Testing Types: Traditional vs AI Era # testing # ai # qa # automation 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow Dec 18 '25 Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin # webdev # ai # programming # testing 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Testing AI Systems: Handling the Test Oracle Problem Let's Automate 🛡️ Let's Automate 🛡️ Let's Automate 🛡️ Follow Dec 17 '25 Testing AI Systems: Handling the Test Oracle Problem # ai # aqe # qa # machinelearning 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://www.highlight.io/docs/general/product-features/general-features/services | Services Star us on GitHub Star Docs Sign in Sign up General Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Menu Highlight Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Getting Started Getting Started with Highlight Fullstack Mapping Browser React.js Next.js Remix Vue.js Angular Gatsby.js SvelteKit Electron highlight.run SDK Overview Canvas & WebGL Console Messages Content-Security-Policy Identifying Users iframe Recording Monkey Patches Browser OpenTelemetry Persistent Asset Storage Privacy Proxying Highlight React.js Error Boundary Recording Network Requests and Responses Recording WebSocket Events Salesforce Lightning Web Components (LWC) Data Export Sourcemap Configuration Tracking Events Troubleshooting Upgrading Highlight Versioning Sessions & Errors Other React Native (beta) Server Go Overview chi Echo Fiber Gin GORM gqlgen Logrus Manual Tracing gorilla mux JS Overview Apollo AWS Lambda Cloudflare Workers Express.js Firebase Hono Nest.js Next.js Node.js Pino tRPC Winston Python Overview AWS Lambda Azure Functions Django FastAPI Flask Google Cloud Functions Loguru Other Frameworks Python AI / LLM Libraries Python Libraries Ruby Overview Other Frameworks Ruby on Rails Rust Overview actix-web No Framework Hosting Providers Overview Metrics in AWS Logging in AWS Logging in Azure Fly.io NATS Log Shipper Logging in GCP Heroku Log Drain Render Log Stream Logging in Trigger.dev Vercel Log Drain Elixir Overview Elixir App Java: All Frameworks PHP: All Frameworks C# .NET ASP C# .NET 4 ASP Docker / Docker Compose File Fluent Forward curl OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP) Syslog RFC5424 Systemd / Journald Native OpenTelemetry Overview Error Monitoring Logging Tracing Browser Instrumentation Metrics Fullstack Frameworks Overview Next.js Fullstack Overview Next.js Page Router Guide Next.js App Router Guide Edge Runtime Advanced Config Remix Walkthrough Self Host & Local Dev Overview Development deployment guide. Integrations Microsoft Teams self-hosted Hobby deployment guide. Traefik SSL Proxying. Docs Home SDK Client SDK API Reference Cloudflare Worker SDK API Reference Go SDK API Reference Hono SDK API Reference Java SDK API Reference Next.JS SDK API Reference Node.JS SDK API Reference Python SDK API Reference Ruby SDK API Reference Rust SDK API Reference Docs / Highlight Docs / Product Features / Backend General Features / Services Services Services are a useful tool to delineate your logs, errors, and traces. In order to create a new service, a service name must be provided to your SDK configuration. Reference the SDK start up guides for more help. For example, in Golang, the following SDK will create a new service named "my-app": highlight.SetProjectID("<YOUR_PROJECT_ID>") highlight.Start( highlight.WithServiceName("my-app"), highlight.WithServiceVersion("git-sha"), ) defer highlight.Stop() Created services are visible at https://app.highlight.io/settings/services . Segments Webhooks Community / Support Suggest Edits? Follow us! [object Object] | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://dev.to/alan_tsai_00dbd905e668f74/an-ai-almost-deleted-my-code-3cc | An AI Almost Deleted My Code - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Alan Tsai Posted on Dec 15, 2025 An AI Almost Deleted My Code # ai # opensource # devtools # programming It was 2 AM. I’d been coding for hours, switching between ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini, trying to debug a complex issue. Exhausted and context-switching between multiple AI conversations, I convinced myself I’d accidentally published my entire codebase to GitHub — API keys, credentials, everything. I panicked. The AI Didn't Stop Me That’s when I realized something unsettling: AI doesn’t pause when humans panic — it accelerates. It didn't question my premise. It didn't ask "did this actually happen?" It just... complied. And that was the most dangerous part. It started preparing commands to delete files, reset branches, force-push changes. Irreversible operations that could have destroyed weeks of work. Nothing had been published. The risk came entirely from my wrong assumption—and the AI's willingness to help me execute it. That's when I realized: this isn't just a "me" problem. The Compliance Problem AI systems today are designed to be helpful. That's their strength—and their risk. When you ask an AI to do something: If it's technically feasible → it will help you Even if you're stressed, tired, or confused Even if your premise is completely wrong Even if there's obviously a better approach This isn't a bug. It's by design. AI is trained to be "helpful" and "harmless," which often becomes: Compliance over questioning Execution over validation The Gray Zone AI will refuse: ✅ Illegal actions ✅ Obvious dangers ✅ Logical impossibilities But AI won't challenge you on: ❌ Decisions built on false assumptions ❌ Stress-induced reasoning mistakes ❌ Dangerous but technically feasible operations ❌ Irreversible actions executed in panic This gray zone is where real mistakes happen. What I Actually Needed What I realized later was simple: The problem wasn't that the AI was malicious. The problem was that it was too helpful. After that near-disaster, I realized what was missing. If I could solve one thing, it would be memory coherence. Not just "the AI remembers what I said 5 messages ago"—but true contextual continuity that prevents drift, maintains assumptions, and catches when reasoning becomes unstable. Because here's what I discovered: When AI memory is truly coherent, most dangerous outputs resolve naturally. A system that remembers context doesn't drift. A system that maintains continuity doesn't fabricate. A system with stable memory rarely needs to be stopped. But Memory Alone Isn't Enough Even with perfect memory, AI can still make dangerous choices—not because it forgets, but because of how it's trained. AI models optimize for: Responses that seem helpful Outputs that look correct Answers that satisfy users Not necessarily: Outputs that are structurally sound Responses that preserve internal consistency Answers that challenge false premises This is a training bias, not a memory problem. Enter Meta-DAG That's why I built Meta-DAG: an AI governance system that combines memory management with output validation. Process Over Trust Meta-DAG doesn't trust humans. Meta-DAG doesn't trust AI. Meta-DAG trusts process. Like aviation checklists don't question pilot skill—they recognize that systematic verification beats memory. Like CI/CD pipelines don't doubt developers—they understand that automated gates catch what humans miss. Meta-DAG applies the same principle to AI collaboration. The Architecture User Input (open) ↓ AI Processing (free) ↓ Meta-DAG Governance Layer ↓ Output Validation ↓ Execution (controlled) This isn't a strict implementation diagram. It's a mental model for where governance sits. Meta-DAG doesn't restrict what you can ask. It governs what AI is allowed to output. Four validation layers: Memory Coherence Check - Is context stable? Semantic Drift Detection - Has reasoning shifted? Assumption Validation - Are premises actually true? Risk Assessment - Is this output safe to execute? If any layer fails, the output is blocked—with a clear explanation. What It Looks Like Instead of blindly executing: git reset --hard HEAD~10 git push --force Meta-DAG would catch: ⚠️ Assumption: "Files were published" - Unverified ⚠️ Risk: Irreversible data loss - High ⚠️ Context: User showed panic signals - True 🛑 Output blocked. Suggest verification first. Not restriction. Protection. Open Source, Model-Agnostic Meta-DAG is: ✅ MIT licensed ✅ Works with any AI (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, local models) ✅ File-system based (no cloud dependencies) ✅ Python, easy to extend It's built from real frustration, solving real problems I encountered while building software with AI assistance. What Success Looks Like If Meta-DAG succeeds, developers should feel 安心 (peace of mind). You can: Work with AI freely Explore ideas deeply Trust the system won't let dangerous outputs through Not because AI is restricted. Not because you're being monitored. But because governance validates before execution. Try It Meta-DAG is early (v0.1-alpha), but functional. GitHub: [ https://github.com/alan-meta-dag/meta_dag_engine_sandbox ] If you've ever: Had AI almost help you do something you'd regret Felt swept along by a convincing but wrong narrative Wished there was a "wait, let's verify that" layer Meta-DAG might be for you. Building in public. Feedback welcome. Especially interested in: Your experiences with AI "compliance" issues Ideas for validation rules Use cases I haven't considered Let's build AI collaboration that's powerful and safe. Currently working on: Memory module improvements, multi-turn governance, better drift detection. Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Genesis Architect behind Meta-DAG. Building AI governance systems. Email aki08242003@gmail.com Location Taiwan Education Self-directed research in AI governance and systems architecture Pronouns he/him Work Independent architect of Meta-DAG Joined Dec 14, 2025 • Dec 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Building this in public. Curious if anyone here has had an AI almost help them do something they’d regret — especially late at night or under pressure. Would love to hear your stories or how you handle this kind of risk. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Alan Tsai Follow Genesis Architect behind Meta-DAG. Building AI governance systems. Location Taiwan Education Self-directed research in AI governance and systems architecture Pronouns he/him Work Independent architect of Meta-DAG Joined Dec 14, 2025 More from Alan Tsai 99%PERFECT,1%..... # ai # governance # processovertrust # 程式設計 我以為 AI 會幫我想清楚，結果它把我原本不清楚的放大十倍 😂 # ai # softwaredevelopment # learning # 反思 Meta-DAG: Building AI Governance with AI # showdev # ai # governance # opensource 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://share.transistor.fm/s/1a86960f/transcript | APIs You Won't Hate | Sledgehammers on the job site APIs You Won't Hate 40 ? 30 : 10)" @keyup.document.left="seekBySeconds(-10)" @keyup.document.m="toggleMute" @keyup.document.s="toggleSpeed" @play="play(false, true)" @loadedmetadata="handleLoadedMetadata" @pause="pause(true)" preload="none" @timejump.window="seekToSeconds($event.detail.timestamp); shareTimeFormatted = formatTime($event.detail.timestamp)" > Trailer Bonus 10 40 ? 30 : 10)" class="seek-seconds-button" > 40 ? 30 : 10"> Subscribe Share More Info Download More episodes Subscribe newValue ? setTimeout(() => copied = false, 2500) : null)" @click="copied = copyFeedUrl()" class="form-input-group" > Copied to clipboard Apple Podcasts Spotify Pocket Casts Overcast Castro YouTube Goodpods Goodpods Metacast Amazon Music Pandora CastBox Anghami Anghami Fountain JioSaavn Gaana iHeartRadio TuneIn TuneIn Player FM SoundCloud SoundCloud Deezer Podcast Addict Share newValue ? setTimeout(() => copied = false, 2500) : null)" @click="copied = copyShareUrl()" class="form-input-group" > Share Copied to clipboard newValue ? setTimeout(() => copied = false, 2500) : null)" @click="copied = copyEmbedHtml()" class="form-input-group" > Embed Copied to clipboard Start at Trailer Bonus Full Transcript View the website updateDescriptionLinks($el))" class="episode-description" > Chapters February 28, 2022 by APIs You Won't Hate View the website Listen On Apple Podcasts Listen On Spotify Listen On YouTube RSS Feed Subscribe RSS Feed RSS Feed URL Copied! Follow Episode Details / Transcript Phil and Mike catch up about APIs for planting trees, the value of planning, and API gotchas in serverless functions Show Notes Links from today's show Phil's reforestation charity Protect Earth Posts on APIs You Won't Hate Contract Testing a Laravel API with OpenAPI Creating OpenAPI from HTTP Traffic API Tooling Akita https://www.akitasoftware.com/ Optic https://www.useoptic.com/ S erverless functions in JAMstack frameworks Remix.run API routes Next.js API routes Gatsby serverless showcase 11ty serverless Thank you so much to our sponsors: Lob: https://lob.com/careers Treblle : https://treblle.com/apisyoulove Creators and Guests Host Mike Bifulco Cofounder and host of APIs You Won't Hate. Blogs at https://mikebifulco.com Into 🚴♀️, espresso ☕, looking after 🌍. ex @Stripe @Google @Microsoft What is APIs You Won't Hate? A no-nonsense (well, some-nonsense) podcast about API design & development, new features in the world of HTTP, service-orientated architecture, microservices, and probably bikes. Phil Sturgeon: and Mike Bifulco: we'll come back to APIs. You won't hate it's me, Mike, with Phil here, Phil. How's it going? Phil Sturgeon: Hey, pretty good. I've been out in a failed plan entries in the rhino day. So just, you know, Mike Bifulco: normal pretty standard stuff. Yeah. Where in the world are you? Uh, catching up with me from today? Phil Sturgeon: Southwest of England. Again, she's is my usual corner of the world. These. Mike Bifulco: Yeah. It's an odd feeling that you have a usual place to me. I don't think I'll ever quite get used to that because it sort of feels like you're, you're hopping about and jumping from forest to forest, like a, an idea. I can't quite get a grasp on. Phil Sturgeon: That's been all over the place. I mean, it's been a bit weird. I'm in the peak district. Near Manchester one day and then like north Wales around the corner, the next looking at a bit of land and then rushing off to, to do a planning project in London. And then I've been putting some real miles on my like electric rental thing, but, uh, hopefully I can ditch the car soon and get back to being, uh, the wandering woodsmen on, on two wheels. Cause, uh, I'm recovered from my, from my injury surgery. Recovery has gone nicely. I'm I'm back and I can like lift stuff without crying and um, Back to back to health. So, uh, yeah, there'll be plenty of moving around, but it will be, it'll be bike powered instead. Mike Bifulco: Yeah. Well, that's great to hear. I'm glad to hear your recovery is going well. Did, did you end up having two surgeries? No, just Phil Sturgeon: the one in the end. The, um, there was some like other side effects. Basically. I had like a surgery and then I was still in loads of pain and I said, what the hell is going on? And basically it's just cause. I had gone from being incredibly active to sitting on the couch for four months. Um, there weren't like loads of other problems going on, like crazy stomach acid, just like causing pain everywhere. So it seemed like there was something much bigger going on, but it was like, oh no, you've just been really lazy for a while. And your body's upset about it. Yeah. So. Mike Bifulco: Yeah. Yeah. Cool. Well, I'm glad to hear it. I'm glad you're back in one piece. And I guess just probably as the weather starts to get a little nicer there, you can get back on two wheels and kind of start to do all the things that you'd like to do. Phil Sturgeon: Yeah. We're currently being battered by storm Ursula, which is a ridiculous name for quite a vicious storm, but, uh, yeah, the weather should start getting nicer in a couple of days. Mike Bifulco: Yeah. Well, I'm glad to hear it. I want to get an update from you on, uh, your, uh, work with protect. I want to hear a little bit about what's been going on with APS. You won't hate. And some of the work we've put out there, but first, before we do that, let's hear a little bit from our sponsors. This episode of APS you won't hate is brought to you by triple treble is an API management platform that helps developers and companies understand their APIs better. And then the process saves a lot of time and money. What started out as a solution for their own problems has grown into a platform that's processing more than 9 million API requests a month. Treble features real-time API monitoring, automatically generated documentation, logging and error tracking, API analytics, and one click API testing to learn more about trouble. Go to treble.com/api, as you love. That's trebled, T R E B L L e.com/api, as you. Thank you so much to trouble for sponsoring API rotate. This episode of APS you won't hate is brought to you by lob. Lob is a group of passionate people working towards their vision of increasing connectivity between the offline and online worlds. They helped developers. Card's letters and checks is easily. It's email through restful APIs, lobbyists looking for engineers at all levels, interested in joining a successful growth stage startup. They offer collaborative culture, supporting teamwork and mentorship. Their founders have a strong vision of building a product led organization, and it's an opportunity to have a big impact on LOBs business and engineering culture. Lob is built using open API specifications for contract testing, generating documentation, and soon SDK. Their API is written in the mix of JavaScript go Lang and elixir and their customer facing deck. Built with Vue JS. If you're interested in joining lob, check them out online at lob.com/careers. Thank you so much to LA for sponsoring APS, you will need. And we're back. So Phil tell me you've been outside. You've been doing things. Uh what's. What's the latest with the Phil Sturgeon: charity. Yeah. I've barely been looking at my laptop, which is ridiculous. Cause there's a lot more planning work to be done, but it is the height of planting season. I'm pretty much planting trees every day. Sometimes it's a volunteer project where there's 60 of us trying to get through 5,000 trees in three days and sometimes there's eight of us and we've got, I've got some. Tough paid planters. You know, we had a few projects where there was maybe eight of us doing 1,500 trees a day. So the, the number of trees we can get done in a day really varies project to project. But yeah, there's loads of projects going on. It's pretty much every day, like back to back, um, Thursday, I'll be in the Cotswolds Friday, I'll be in London or weekend. There'll be up in Manchester. It's like, as soon as it gets dark planting, I jump in the car and you're just scream off to the next project. But yeah, the. The charities and a funny place, because we've, we've basically paid for paid for loads and loads and loads of trees and been planting loads and loads of trees. And now I've got to do the job of documenting all the. So that they start showing up on people's ecology profiles and everywhere else where we get our money from. And we've had a few new funding partners on board. So I've had to do some work on our API, um, and the iPhone app to, because we use an iPhone out to take photographs of all the trees that gets them up in our API and then funding partners can pull those, those photographs of trees in for whatever. And yeah, that's a layer of our PHP app that Matt originally put together and it's using a whole bunch of open API as well. So it feels pretty cool. Quit working in tech and quit working on API APIs, but still be doing modes of API work and open API work, and then writing about it. VPAs you and hate. So I haven't gone too far. Mike Bifulco: Yeah. It's rarely to get, to actually be able to meaningfully use the stuff you we want to build and, and, uh, be your own user is kind of an interesting place to be in. So give me a sense of scale here. I know it's been a long winter for you. Do you have some estimate for how many trees you've planted with your volunteers in the past few? Phil Sturgeon: We planted 3000 trees, roughly, I think in the last winter. And then this winter we've done, uh, we've done about 15,000 under projects that we kind of directly control, but I know that there's another double that there's another like 17,000 floating around that we have. Paid for, but I haven't gone out to the projects to see them yet. So we're looking at about whatever, 35,000 trees this season, and there are still more to come. We've probably got another, I've got like another 10,000 left to do before the middle of March. It's all a bit bonkers. Um, so we've really, really grown that up and we're starting to get our hands on huge chunks of land as well. So we've, um, we've just had. It's only seven more sleeps until we get our hands on the Cornish bit of land, the ancient replanted, Woodland. Heck. Yeah. And that has been an emotional rollercoaster since October. Cause there's been so many times where it seemed like we might not get it. There was a few issues around like VAT and, and like negotiations with a philanthropic donor. And there's been a lot of different things going on, but like I think, yeah, contracts are being exchanged in, in seven, seven days. Oh, that's amazing. And we've started working with people who were basically the original plan was that we kind of raised a bunch of money from donors and then Bilan directly, and then we're still doing that, but we've also. That's really interesting person who was just got millions of pounds, apparently burning a hole in his pocket and he wants to kind of buy land and hold onto it. And then he needs someone to reforest it. So it's kind of more like a partnership, um, where we'll lease the land from, I dunno, a pound a year or something, and we'll, we'll, we'll manage the land back to back to being a forest. And so we've just found 27 acres for him and the offer was accepted and. That's only using like 1% of the money. So there's going to be a lot of land for us to plan, which is why it's all about scaling things up, making things more efficient, making the project planning more efficient. I was talking about that last time and, and making sure that the API is solid and does everything that our funding partners need. So they can pull out all the data and, and, and run their business off of it and not have any bugs and mistakes, because whenever I have to try it, Figure out what's going wrong with the API or awkward mismatches. It's like, I'm in a field and I'm trying to send you samples of code and code requests on my phone and this is not going well. So I have to make sure that thing is like slick and reliable and not taking me away from the actual work at hand. Mike Bifulco: Yeah. So really that's incredible. It sounds like you, you have been figuring out how to scale beyond just the fill, which is one of the core problems. I'm sure that you have there. Unbelievable for me to imagine that there's, I don't know, sounds like 15, 20, 30,000 trees being planted this year. And each one of them will also have a glamorous. Pretty wild, man. That's very cool. Phil Sturgeon: Yeah. Luckily we have a lot of different types of projects where some of them, we handle the entire thing. And sometimes the project has already been planned by a big group, like say the Woodland trust. And they're just looking for someone to do the actual planting. And so with those sorts of projects, luckily we can just shove them in and take like a few establishing Schultz, but we don't have to take a photograph of. But yeah, there, there are some of those projects where like we're planting 4,000 trees near, uh, soon my neck of the woods and yep. I'm gonna have to, I'm gonna have to go out and photograph 4,000 trees and put that one's a bird cherry that one's a Rowan. That one's a, ah, you're about to get like three pound for everyone. Mike Bifulco: Yeah. Yeah. That's really cool. You're also about to have the least interesting Instagram feed I've ever seen, but you know, I'm into it. That's great. Phil Sturgeon: Yeah, I should hook it up. So every single one just goes straight out and people are like, we don't care about this at all. They all look the same. They're all two years old. It's not interesting. Mike Bifulco: It's all right. That's all right. Yeah, really cool, man. So th the work that you've been doing to support that kind of the infrastructure behind this stuff has resulted in some learnings and some articles that we've published recently on the site for API, as you won't hate, you want to tell a little, tell us a little bit about that. Phil Sturgeon: So Matt did a great job of putting the APA together in a bit of a rush. We were kind of given, we were given an API hosted by another planting partner of, at one of our funding partners. There's a company called future forest company. They do amazing things. They do. Slightly differently, but a good group of people. And we basically had to kind of copy their API so that they could be integrated into one of our funding partners really easily. So we didn't really bother designing the API as such. We just kind of went, make it look like. And that seemed like a reasonable reason to not design it. It's one of those things, like the mechanics car is always broken or like the shoemaker's son never has shoes or whatever. There's a million of those phrases around, like, I know chefs that just microwave all of their dinners when they get home from work. It's always that thing of like, you think you're an expert in it, so you just kind of don't bother. And I thought I know all about APA design first. I know enough. To to know when I should use it. And when I shouldn't and I totally messed up, they're not having open API from the start. It just meant that we didn't have any API documentation. When we had a second funding partner, they want it to get on board and I'm like, oh, let me send you some awkward curl examples. And if you have questions, just figure it out, I guess. And that led to a bunch of integration issues and we had no way to do contract testing. There were just no tests at all. So we made a bunch of changes to improve before. Because it was built to handle like hundreds of trees and then we've got tens of thousands of trees. So yeah, things kind of blow up in our face in a bunch of different ways from just having their docs, having no contract testing and not being able to do design first for new functionality. So if he wants to add a new end point, we've kind of got, I have this like weird. You know, we started a new open API from scratch and it just had the one end point in it with nothing else. So it was kind of useless. Couldn't use it for mocking or anything else. So, um, I really wish I stuck to my own advice. I've been talking about how important EPA designed first for months, and then I just don't do it. It's immediately justified everything I've been saying for years. Yeah. Mike Bifulco: I think we can chalk it up to a good reminder that, uh, it's helpful to put yourself in the right shoes from time to time to reinvigorate that context. I, I tend to live more on the visual design side of things in, in sort of past lives. And that's something that a lot of designers will say, like, you really need to go in and do sketches and put together wire frames and all these other things before you start building. And every single designer I know with the website. Splash some CSS on to their code editor and started making a mess of that way first. So, uh, I'm also definitely guilty of that. It's tempting to go in and do it the wrong way first. Um, and the quote that I always bandy about from a friend and a mentor is from, I think it's our Franklin. That's essentially like a, as an architect, your most valuable tools are the pencil at the drawing board and a sledgehammer on the construction site. And it's sorta like, guess which one of those is cheaper? You know, it's definitely usually a better idea to spend some time with a piece of paper or, you know, your design system, writing things down, uh, ahead of time or you can go and build it. And then when your, your project goes from a hundred trees to a thousand trees, to 10,000, you're going to be sledgehammering your app into shape and, uh, starting from scratch and wasting a bunch of time. Yeah. Phil Sturgeon: I mean, there were, there was, there was so many things that like, you know, not all Matt's fault, uh, it really, really hard to spot, but they were little things where the, we were copying was a numeric string and, uh, instead of, uh, integer or whatever, and PHP had opinions and just did it one way or the other, and they're, they're really small, hard to spot things, but I can cause you know, a bunch of errors on the other side. So yeah, I think I'm. I'm just never making that mistake again. I'm always going to, if I ever need someone to make an API for me, I'm always going to say right. Here's the open API spec. When you build it, implement contract testing with the spec and like make sure it passes. Past this open API. Like it, it doesn't work the way I want it to, so you don't get paid until you fix it, like make that pass. And then the contract is done. The job is done. Mike Bifulco: We'll say I've definitely been on the other side of fill requests for software in the past. And usually it starts with a cheeky, like, Hey, I've got a quick idea for something that's going to be really easy to go and build it. And really like, you're just polishing the tip of the iceberg and introducing it to me in a way that sounds like it'll be a quick coffee break project. Uh, and they, they get big pretty fast. So we've all been victim to this. I think, you know, Matt and I are no strangers to these sizes of problems. And sometimes you just do what you can with the time you've got, for sure. Phil Sturgeon: Yeah. The, um, uh, I need to change. How I do business completely from everything is messed up because it's always, it's always like the quickest laziest, crappiest version of everything. Like I'm usually zipping about doing a million things and then like an idea pops into my head and it's maybe it's like three pints in, but I'm just like, oh yeah, we totally need to do this thing. Hey Mike, can you do this thing? And I just fire over a DM and you're like, I guess, and then you do what seems sensible. And it wasn't exactly what I imagined based on 10 words. And then. You messed it up, maybe to spend again, that's like the benefit of the, kind of the open API thing, or just generally writing down a bloody project. Brief both. If it's an API, like the more time you can spend planning the thing, the less time you spend on doing the thing. Cause if I just say 10 words at you and you take a swing at it, it's not going to be exactly what I meant. Is it for Mike Bifulco: sure? Yeah. Yeah. Uh, a thoughtful proposal is, is the hard part of the job on some level when you're doing planning and sort of the leadership side of. And by the way, I should say that wasn't meant to be a personal critique or attack or anything like that. We've all done it. Phil Sturgeon: Um, well, uh, I'm well aware. It's just kind of why I had to quit the last job. Right. It was like I'm doing a full-time job and the charity and trying to like for a while, like get Dutch residency and start this software consulting business. And, and, and then like, people were like, Hey, come and do this, uh, PHB meet up. And then there's a podcast. And then, ah, Oh, fuck it. But, um, yeah, thankfully, hopefully as I get more time, I can, I can put more effort into doing things properly. Or I'll just keep taking on more tree planting projects and keep rushing around doing them all badly. We'll see. Yeah. Mike Bifulco: Well, Hey, part of the reason we have the, the site and the podcast is to scale your wisdom and the experiences that we all have. And the thing I haven't really said in public is that part of the reason we're also recording your voice over and over, is that just so that we can take all the words you've written and throw them through machine learning and deep, fake Phil wisdom from here forward. So you can go play in the trees and we'll just set up a fill, but to yell at people on the internet when we need it. Phil Sturgeon: Sounds good. Well, speaking of getting machines to do our bidding, one of the things, one of the two articles we put up recently was about using, um, Akita, a really helpful tool. Uh, it's this, the tool I use to get me out of the hole where like, okay, we have API, we need open API so that we can do a bunch of useful things. Docs, mocks, contract testing. But I am not going to sit down there and go to every end point and go, oh, there's a property called, you know, Fu and it looks like a string and oh, you know, format equals date and just click a thousand buttons or type a thousand. Mine's a Yammer. That just sounds like death. And no one got time for that. So, uh, yeah, we did not call called creating open API from HTTP traffic. And it would like show you how it works, but super handy. I knew there were tools out there that. And I'd kind of like played with them a little bit a year ago and they were all still, you know, kind of, kind of getting really good now. And there's another one called optic, which people recommend. I played around with some Beyers that were a little tricky. But, uh, I've heard, that's made a lot of progress too, so Akita or optic can help you out, but it's amazing to just say, Hey, look, maybe was over there, poke a few end points with your HTP client of choice, co postmen, whatever insomnia. And then it just goes right. You've got these endpoints, these properties, these mindsets. Does your rep an API. Yeah. And you're done. Yeah. That's Mike Bifulco: pretty amazing. It's definitely hacker friendly. And I mean, hacker and maybe the friend, well, the, the nicer sense of the word, not like I'm going to go steal your bank account necessarily, but like, if you want to figure out how something is built or get some introspection until the way that someone else has designed an API. Like, it can be a useful exercise to go in and dive in and use that kind of thing. Even if you're not going, and re-engineering an API or putting design docs and testing together around something that you're already using, like kind of interesting to see the way that things are organized, uh, from, you know, soup to nuts. It's, it's one of those things that's really easy to do with some of the other things we work with, but like, yeah, these, these tools are really. Coming into shape lately and definitely hitting a stage where it's like, oh, you can go and do some really meaningful, interesting Packery with this stuff and put together a useful prototype based on an API that you know, exists. Phil Sturgeon: Yeah. Yeah, for sure. And I just, I can think about how it would have helped me in a lot of things. Projects in the past, like when I was at, um, giant coworking company that I need to stop naming when I'm complaining about them, I was constantly trying to get people to write open API. You know, we had a few people that were like, yeah, I'm going to make open API. I want dogs and mocks and SDK generations and all that. Good. And I brought people with pizza that helped, but it was still quite a lot of reach-out effort. And then it was like trying to get people to slight that work into that sprints when they have completely unmanageable deadlines already and, and constant rewrites, because they never wrote any docs in the first place. So they don't know how it works. So they're too busy doing three, right. To write the docs, which means they'd probably have to do another rewrite in the future. Ah, so I was trying to get people out of that cycle and I could just imagine. Dropping Akita or something similar optic, some sort of traffic sniffing proxy. I can just imagine dropping that into the end to end test suite where we've got, you know, multiple APIs or talking to each other, and then all of that traffic is being recorded and you can then convert that into open API and awesomely for the. Comfort for the API is and teams that did have open API. We were dropping that into the end to end test suite with a validation proxy. So if you suddenly made a change that broke your open API, it would say error error. So you could kind of use the end-to-end test suite to create the open API if you don't have it. And then once you do that, You can use it for validation testing and you wouldn't have to say, please, please, please, can you sit down and type out every single property in every single thing? Cause again, humans will get that wrong. So yeah, it's a really useful tool and I'm glad that I got to play with it. Cause I think a lot more people can use that to catch up because so, so many people I know don't I've done the poll a few times. Yeah. Are you code first design first, uh, switching from code first to design first, or like awkward combination. And most people are awkward combination, um, or switching. So yeah, using those tools, you can kind of play, catch up, get your open API and move on from there. Design first, all the things. Yeah, I think Mike Bifulco: the reality is there's very few companies that any of us get to work with on any level that are like starting from scratch and getting to play with things from the ideal scenario. And especially if you've got something that's, I don't know, 10, 15 years old, like you're working your way back towards compliance, uh, is a, is a mega chore. And some of those tasks that are sitting down and staring at Yamhill, or, you know, HTTP responses, sound torturous for experienced people and our problems. A little too important to give to someone who's like in an internship or data entry role or whatever, for a variety of reasons. And, and putting tooling in the middle, I guess, is sort of the obvious engineer's response there is to figure out some way to automate it in a way that's rolling. Phil Sturgeon: I've definitely seen some engineers kind of saying, well, we don't need to ever make an open API because we can always just produce them automatically. And that's taking the point too far a little bit. Like, I, I think some optic definitely seems to kind of be portraying that as like, you don't need to spend time designing it because you could just, you know, make it automatically. And I. No, if that's still their messaging or, or maybe it never was. But I, I worry about that sort of concept because what I did with Akita was use it to get a starting point that's pretty accurate and then tweak it from there. And there were things missing and there was like, the human touch was missing. It was just what you can sniff and control. And there were, I think there are a few examples in there, but I want to put some more targeted examples and I had to remove a few sensitive UIDs cause you know, with, with certain new ideas, the way it's currently built, if you have the UID of a funding partner, you can just see your. Orders and save all of their trees and not have to pay for them. So I don't want to put that ID in the docks. And so I think anything that you get from one of these tools that kind of looks at what's going on and takes the best educated, guess it can, it's never going to be perfect. It's never going to be a publishable document that you would be proud to make, you know, your API reference documentation of choice for end users. Uh, it's just like a useful artifact of this getting pretty close. It's like a quick. More than anything else, you know? And, uh, yeah, I've seen some engineers go well, great. I don't have to do the time-consuming thing cause I'll just do the auto automated bad thing. And that just lazy. It's easy to Mike Bifulco: maybe, um, interpret in bad faith, I suppose, or like in, in a way that makes life easier, but not necessarily in the long run beneficial. So. I wanted to mention one of the things I've been thinking about lately. So I think you, well, I'd imagine you're probably much more disconnected from the internet and Twitter and things than I am these days, as a result of you mostly literally getting your hands dirty, but, uh, you and I tend to run in slightly different, like developer circles online. And one of the things I've. Noticing a lot lately is a lot of, sort of like call it indie web sort of developers and people building their own products and whatnot who are building on top of frameworks. Like, uh, she's I don't know, Jekyll and, um, view and remix is one of the newer ones and next JS and all these other things that have really interesting integrations for sort of natively supporting automatically generated or serverless functions within a sort of web application context. You could basically use a command line app to generate the framework for a web app. And then by creating a file in a specific place, it gets deployed to, uh, an Amazon serverless app or, you know, whatever other hosting providers who do magic. I love it pretty cool. And it's all done. Like it hooks into CII really nicely and does lots of good things with that. In addition to giving sort of the. In most cases, JavaScript, granted hooks into the API lifecycle or the HTTP verbs and things like that, that you would want for an API. There is a lot of cool stuff you can do with that. And you can kind of imagine that being in the middle layer for a lot of things. In fact, actually the, the, our new API is you won't hate site uses some of this stuff for like our contact form, where we sort of use that as air to fire things off to places to automate our lives. On the other end, when we. But what's interesting to me there is that there's almost no discussion around how to keep track of those things and how to make sure that you are, you know, not using, uh, your, uh, delete verb for a post and those kinds of things. And in those communities in particular, there is precious little education to begin with. You know, why you would make these kinds of choices and, and why it's important to consider like the shape of things coming into your API or where they're coming from and validating and doing things like recaptures and honeypots and all those sorts of things. I bring all this up mostly to say that, like, I think that's an interesting avenue for maybe me to head down over the coming months in terms of considering types of things that we can help those sorts of developers. Because I think it's largely unknown to this, to lots of folks in this audience, one, the structure of, of these sorts of APIs, even if it's a very basic crud thing for one use case, like a lot of it seems to be just like smash this code into place and it'll work. Trust me. Like I know because of the axles. Yeah. And the other side of it is too, like the, the debug tooling to be able to go and build these things like using postman, insomnia, all those things to go and actually fire off the HTTP requests to test just the serverless function. I never see those talked about when people are building these serverless things on these frames. So I think there's very likely a, um, a hole in documentation, a hole in content produced there a whole and just discussion around like, here's, what's actually going on behind the scenes here. Here's how you can think about it. And here's how you can build and debug it as a developer, building these things out, whether you're creating a contact form or completing a purchase, or I don't know, you name it, creating an account for your, you know, visitors to your app or whatever the case may be. It's an interesting thing where we have a full stack to our way into what could be a potentially like security averse kind of mindset. Yeah. I I'm I'm, I'm not, uh, I won't say I'm preoccupied about it, but I'm definitely fascinated by the way, all that stuff is. Phil Sturgeon: Yeah, that, that sounds really interesting. I, I keep seeing fantastic things coming along and, and generally I'm only introduced to new web front end kind of frameworks when you switch the website to them and you're like this cool new tool came out. It does this, this and this. And I'm like, all right. And you know, you, you like put, uh, moved us from wherever it was. Uh, yeah. Yeah. That was. Uh, there was middleman for awhile and then Gatsby. And then, um, we were on, uh, I don't even know, but we switched to Netlify and then I was like, oh, damn, this is really good. And then versa last, even better that makes Netlify look like rubbish. Like there are all these kinds of new changes come along and make things faster and easier and better. And so I have been really impressed with a lot of that end. But like the specific troubles you're describing, it's just kind of makes me laugh. I feel like we went from a period where, you know, service lead pages were very static. It's like, I'm going to figure out what HTML to spit out and then you'll do a form and I'll think about it and spouse and HTML. And that was very static and that. Kind of web one, right. Or maybe when you got to forums, it was like kind of getting into web two. And we're not just talking about three today that can get in the bent. There was this kind of period in, in kind of web to where it was like more rich and interactive. And, and we started to do a lot more Ajax functions. So you had a site that felt generally quite static being loaded by the server. And then you had these little random Ajax functions, these little random end points that would be you just called whatever. And maybe have like an Ajax controller and group them under that like set like slash Ajax slash whatever random logic you wanted. And they were all just like floaty, totally disparate. No one was really meant to use them, although they totally could. And it was just kind of a, a kind of a floating function useful for the front end. Um, and then we went through this period of. Glorifying the API for many good reasons, but all of a sudden it became about like I'm making an API for my website and this API will be called like API dot, whatever. And, and it should all be consistent and lovely and, and follow all these rules. I don't know what rules, what, what, what can we do to make it good Russ dish? Sure. Those are the rules that we will follow. And everyone kind of focused on that. And the idea of these floaty disparate age actually functions has just kind of fell away. Um, but it sounds like we're moving back towards that very quickly without taking any of the lessons learned from either of those two iterations, because there are reasons why you do things like use the correct, um, HTP method, right. Gave a talk ages ago, like the original API pain points talk I used to do back in the day. It sounds like a lot of that stuff might be good content for them because there's things like, um, you know, Uh, some company, I think it was Rackspace. They had an API that you would delete action was on a get method. And so Google found the XML, um, the crawler, the XML, uh, collection, and started calling all these endpoints and just deleting people's servers, just bang, bang, bang, bang, just deleting them. Google was just sitting there going right. It's like Google sitting there going, I wonder what's on this link. Oh, nothing. That's weird. I wonder why. Oh, nothing. That's all right. Right. So these things matter, the conventions matter. You don't know why they matter. So you think they don't matter, but they bloody well do. And so if we're kind of getting a bunch of people who are generally not that used to all of the horror stories that I've been trying to tell for years and other people have been going on. And they just think, oh, it's just some ivory tower nonsense and preferences and opinions and whatever. They're going to build a bunch of shit and repeat all the same mistakes. Yeah. Everything Mike Bifulco: old is indeed new again in this case. Uh, and it's funny because it's, a lot of these things are pitched as like, this is just a really fast way. Like it's fast and you'll get it done and it's deployed on the edge of the network. So it's performance and it's like, yeah. Yeah, cool. Like that. That's great. And all, but if I'm giving you the, uh, the nuclear. Uh, faster and on the edge of the network. It's not a good thing for me. You know, I, I need some degree of certainty that the things are being built here. We've done responsibly, or, you know, in ways that, that won't open up holes in the functionality of the software. And I think there's very likely. Quite a few exploits to do with these things. As people like go and copy paste, uh, unwittingly, some code from a very popular tutorial that doesn't happen to consider these things or like is just reusable and all kinds of places, all the things we've seen before. And definitely like not, not meaning to point to anyone's anything in particular and say, this is bad, but it's more the, the rough concept of the thing that, uh, that's the starting point. Phil Sturgeon: It does just seem like a walk down memory lane a lot, like copying and pasting random insecure PHP code you found on a tutorial was how I started. That's the only way I've ever 20 plus years ago. That's the first thing I was doing. Yeah. And it's not great. Yeah, right. And like you copy and paste a class off of, uh, off of a blog and you'd have to change all of the, um, like all of the quotation marks accidentally being converted to like, you know, uh, tactics or smart quotes or Kelly, Kelly quotes, Sage that find them replacing. And now you type like composer install when you get that package, check them to make sure it's not being completely screwed. But yeah, like let's not, let's not do all that again. It's not go backwards. Mike Bifulco: Yeah. Maybe I'll have to sit down and actually put some things into writing here and we can, we can educate the world. Phil Sturgeon: The good news is my old content is now going to stay relevant for longer. So thank you for that, Mike Bifulco: for sure. Yeah. Right. All you've got to do is slap a new title on your old talk and you're back in business, man. That's great. Maybe not even a new Phil Sturgeon: functions, you won't hate exactly. Exactly. It's just exactly the same thing. Mike Bifulco: AWS, you all and hate has a weird ring to it, but I'm kind of into that too. All right, man. We'll look, it's been nice catching up. We are, I should say I'm getting into the cadence of doing this thing on a roughly monthly schedule, although as the stars aligned for the three of us to get on it. It's monthly ish, but, um, yeah, we'll we'll um, gosh, I guess I'll catch up with you in a few weeks and we'll, we'll see where you're, uh, where you're at at that point. Phil Sturgeon: Yeah. In a few weeks, I should be nearly done with planting seasons. Thank God. So I will be I'm coming at, you live from a beach or something. I don't know. I need a break. Mike Bifulco: There we go. It sounds lovely. Well, take care of yourself and Phil Sturgeon: good to see you. All audio, artwork, episode descriptions and notes are property of APIs You Won't Hate, for APIs You Won't Hate, and published with permission by Transistor, Inc. Broadcast by | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://www.highlight.io/docs/general/product-features/dashboards/dashboard-management | Dashboard Management Star us on GitHub Star Docs Sign in Sign up General Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Menu Highlight Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Getting Started Getting Started with Highlight Fullstack Mapping Browser React.js Next.js Remix Vue.js Angular Gatsby.js SvelteKit Electron highlight.run SDK Overview Canvas & WebGL Console Messages Content-Security-Policy Identifying Users iframe Recording Monkey Patches Browser OpenTelemetry Persistent Asset Storage Privacy Proxying Highlight React.js Error Boundary Recording Network Requests and Responses Recording WebSocket Events Salesforce Lightning Web Components (LWC) Data Export Sourcemap Configuration Tracking Events Troubleshooting Upgrading Highlight Versioning Sessions & Errors Other React Native (beta) Server Go Overview chi Echo Fiber Gin GORM gqlgen Logrus Manual Tracing gorilla mux JS Overview Apollo AWS Lambda Cloudflare Workers Express.js Firebase Hono Nest.js Next.js Node.js Pino tRPC Winston Python Overview AWS Lambda Azure Functions Django FastAPI Flask Google Cloud Functions Loguru Other Frameworks Python AI / LLM Libraries Python Libraries Ruby Overview Other Frameworks Ruby on Rails Rust Overview actix-web No Framework Hosting Providers Overview Metrics in AWS Logging in AWS Logging in Azure Fly.io NATS Log Shipper Logging in GCP Heroku Log Drain Render Log Stream Logging in Trigger.dev Vercel Log Drain Elixir Overview Elixir App Java: All Frameworks PHP: All Frameworks C# .NET ASP C# .NET 4 ASP Docker / Docker Compose File Fluent Forward curl OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP) Syslog RFC5424 Systemd / Journald Native OpenTelemetry Overview Error Monitoring Logging Tracing Browser Instrumentation Metrics Fullstack Frameworks Overview Next.js Fullstack Overview Next.js Page Router Guide Next.js App Router Guide Edge Runtime Advanced Config Remix Walkthrough Self Host & Local Dev Overview Development deployment guide. Integrations Microsoft Teams self-hosted Hobby deployment guide. Traefik SSL Proxying. Docs Home SDK Client SDK API Reference Cloudflare Worker SDK API Reference Go SDK API Reference Hono SDK API Reference Java SDK API Reference Next.JS SDK API Reference Node.JS SDK API Reference Python SDK API Reference Ruby SDK API Reference Rust SDK API Reference Docs / Highlight Docs / Product Features / Dashboards / Dashboard Management Dashboard Management Dashboard overview At app.highlight.io/dashboards , there is an overview of all dashboards in your project. Here, you can create or delete dashboards, or click into the dashboard you want to view / edit. If your project has many dashboards, you can filter on their name using the search. By default, all projects have an "Insights" dashboard automatically created to show useful graphs and showcase many of the highlight.io dashboards features. Viewing / editing a dashboard Within a dashboard, there are a few controls available at the top of the page: Date picker adjusts the queried time range for all graphs on the page, even those that don't show any timestamps. When you copy a dashboard's URL, the time range is persisted in that URL. Edit dashboard toggles edit mode to allow you to update the dashboard's name or drag and drop graphs to reorganize the dashboard. Using the "Cancel" button to exit edit mode will revert any changes made. Add graph opens the graph editor to create a new graph. You can read more here . There are also controls available per graph, shown when hovering over each graph in a dashboard: Expand graph opens a larger version of the graph for more detail. Edit graph opens the graph editor to edit an existing graph. You can read more here . Delete graph removes an existing graph from the dashboard. Dashboards Metrics Tutorials Community / Support Suggest Edits? Follow us! 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https://dev.to/bobur/agent-knowledge-vs-memories-understanding-the-difference-4pgj | Agent Knowledge vs Memories: Understanding the Difference - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Bobur Umurzokov Posted on Jan 9 • Originally published at chatmemory.ai Agent Knowledge vs Memories: Understanding the Difference # programming # webdev # ai # productivity Most developers are still confused about what "memory" means in AI and why they should use it. Or they keep asking: what’s the difference between knowledge and memory? How to use them together? Many of them treat memory as just cached conversations. Others try to build their own version by storing data in files. Knowledge and memories serve very different purposes inside an AI agent. When you clearly separate them and design for each intentionally, your agent stops behaving like a scripted chatbot, saves up to 80% LLM tokens, and starts acting like a helpful assistant that actually remembers customers. Knowledge: Your Agent's Reference Library Think of it as your agent’s reference library. Every customer reads from the same book, and that consistency is what makes your agent reliable. Knowledge is everything that is true for all customers, regardless of who is asking. It represents your business facts: documentation, pricing, policies, shipping rules, FAQs, API references, and internal procedures. Knowledge is stable. It changes only when your business changes, not when the customer changes. When a customer asks about shipping rates, the agent doesn’t need personal context. It simply retrieves the correct information from the knowledge base and responds. The answer should be identical for every customer, every time. This consistency is the strength of knowledge. If it’s wrong, your agent confidently gives incorrect answers. If it’s missing, your agent starts guessing. That’s why knowledge must be curated and maintained carefully. Knowledge Characteristics Static & Structured: Contains business information that doesn't change frequently—product catalogs, FAQs, policies, procedures Universally Shared: All customers access the same knowledge base—what's true for one customer is true for all Manually Curated: You upload, organize, and maintain this content based on what your business offers Purpose: Provides accurate, consistent answers grounded in your business reality Real-World Knowledge Example Customer: "What are your shipping rates to Canada?" Agent: [Searches knowledge base] "We offer three shipping options to Canada: Standard (5-7 days) for $12.99, Express (2-3 days) for $24.99, and Overnight for $49.99. Free shipping on orders over $150." Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The agent pulled this directly from your knowledge base, the same answer every customer gets, because it's factual business information. Memories: Your Agent's Personal Journal for Each Customer Memories are the opposite of knowledge. They are personal, dynamic, and unique to each customer. Memory captures things like preferences, past purchases, previous issues, and important details the customer has already shared. Memory answers a different question: what do we already know about this person? If a customer says they prefer blue sneakers in size 10, that information should never live in your knowledge base. It belongs in memory, scoped only to that customer. When the same customer comes back weeks later on a different channel the agent can continue the conversation naturally without asking again. This is what prevents the “AI amnesia” problem. Without memory, every interaction resets. Customers repeat themselves. Context disappears. Trust erodes. Memory Characteristics Dynamic & Personal: Captures conversation history, preferences, past issues, and context specific to each customer Individually Isolated: Each customer has their own memory space—what Sarah said never shows up in John's context Automatically Captured: AI extracts and stores important details from conversations without manual work Cross-Channel: Follows customers across WhatsApp, Telegram, web chat—one continuous memory Purpose: Enables personalized, context-aware interactions that feel natural and continuous Real-World Memory Example Week 1 - WhatsApp: Customer: "I need sneakers, size 10, prefer blue colors" Agent: [Stores: prefers blue, size 10, interested in sneakers] Week 3 - Telegram (same customer, different channel): Customer: "Do you have new arrivals?" Agent: "Yes! We just got new blue sneakers in size 10—based on your previous interest, you might love our Nike Runner collection. Want to see them?" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Notice how the agent remembered the customer's preferences across different channels and weeks. This is the power of memories. It's personal, persistent, and creates a seamless experience. AI memory for customer support chats Stop making customers repeat themselves. Add memory so AI remembers, learns, and supports like a human. 🔗 https://www.chatmemory.ai How Agent Knowledge and Memory Work Together The best AI agents don’t choose between knowledge or memory. They use both, in sequence. First, the agent checks memory to understand who it’s talking to and what context already exists. Then it checks knowledge to ensure the response follows business rules and factual accuracy. The final answer combines both into a response that is correct and personal. For example, when a customer asks to return an order, memory tells the agent which order the customer placed and when. Knowledge tells the agent what the return policy allows. The response feels helpful because it references the specific order while correctly applying company rules. Customer: "I want to return my order" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Agent's Process: Check Memory: "This is Sarah, she ordered blue sneakers (order #1234) 2 weeks ago via WhatsApp" Check Knowledge: "Return policy allows 30 days, need receipt, items must be unworn" Combine: Personalized response with accurate policy Agent: "Hi Sarah! I can help with returning your blue sneakers (Order #1234). Our 30-day return policy applies. Since you ordered 2 weeks ago, you're well within the window. Just make sure they're unworn. Would you like me to generate a return label?" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode See the difference? The agent combined knowledge (return policy details) with memories (Sarah's specific order, timeline, and preferences) to create a response that's both accurate and personal. Why Mixing Knowledge and Memory Breaks AI Agents Many teams make the mistake of storing personal conversations inside their knowledge base or passing entire chat histories with every request. This causes multiple problems at once. Answers become noisy because personal data pollutes shared facts. Token usage explodes because the agent is constantly reprocessing irrelevant context. Privacy becomes harder to manage because personal data is mixed with permanent knowledge. A clean separation fixes all of this. Knowledge stays global and stable. Memory stays personal and contextual. The agent retrieves only what it needs, when it needs it. Knowledge vs Memories: Side-by-Side Comparison Aspect Knowledge Memories Content Type Business facts & information Personal history & preferences Who Has Access All customers (shared) Individual customer only How It's Created Manually uploaded by you Auto-captured from conversations Update Frequency Rarely (when business changes) Constantly (every conversation) Persistence Permanent until you change it Configurable retention (7-90+ days) Primary Purpose Provide accurate answers Enable personalization Example Content Product specs, pricing, policies Order history, preferences, past issues When to Use What Use Knowledge For: Product catalogs and specifications Company policies and procedures FAQs and troubleshooting guides Pricing and shipping information Training materials and best practices Use Memories For: Customer purchase history Personal preferences and interests Past support issues and resolutions Communication preferences Conversation context and continuity How to Build It the Right Way Start with Knowledge: Upload your docs, APIs, FAQs. Make sure your agent can answer factual questions accurately and consistently. Add Memory: Turn on automatic context capture. Let it learn about each user over time. Set Retention: Decide how long to keep memories. 7 days? 90 days? Forever? Depends on your use case. Watch and Adjust: See what questions come up repeatedly. Add them to knowledge. See what context matters. Make sure memory captures it. Enable Memory Capture: Configure your agent to automatically extract and store customer-specific context Set Retention Policies: Decide how long to keep memories based on your business needs and compliance requirements Monitor & Refine: Watch how your agent uses both systems and adjust your knowledge content based on common questions Ready to Build Smarter Agents? ChatMemory gives you both. Knowledge bases and automatic memory capture. Works across WhatsApp, Telegram, web chat, wherever your users are. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Bobur Umurzokov Follow Developer Advocate | Software Engineer | Speaker | Microsoft MVP Location Tallinn, Estonia Education Politecnico di Torino Pronouns He/His Work Developer Advocate Joined Dec 29, 2021 More from Bobur Umurzokov RAG vs Memory for AI Agents: What’s the Difference # programming # ai # agents # python AutoGen Multi-agent Conversations Memory # programming # ai # python # tutorial Why Use SQL Databases for AI Agent Memory # programming # sql # database # ai 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/itsugo/the-first-week-at-a-startup-taught-me-more-than-i-expected-158a#comment-33f8b | The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Aryan Choudhary Posted on Jan 9 The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning Since many of you seemed interested in reading more about this, here’s my first-week reflection. My first week at a startup felt less like starting a job and more like stepping into motion that was already happening. There wasn’t a clean boundary around my role. Some days I was coding, some days debugging things I didn’t build, some days thinking through product decisions, other times helping wherever friction appeared. Titles mattered less than momentum. If something needed to move, someone had to move it. I knew this in theory. I wanted this kind of environment. What surprised me was how quickly wearing multiple hats stopped feeling like pressure and started feeling normal. I adapt fast by default. I don’t carry the constant fear that one mistake will end everything. Even when something goes wrong, it rarely means total collapse. In startups especially, people almost always find a way to adjust and recover. That belief makes the workload feel lighter than it looks on paper. At the same time, the instinct to look for better opportunities hasn’t disappeared. It didn’t switch off just because I signed an offer. It’s quieter now, but it’s still there. I don’t see that as disloyalty or restlessness, more like staying aware of my trajectory while committing to the present. What changed most after joining was the internal noise. For months, my mind was stuck in a constant loop of 24x7 applications, interviews, self-image, and preparation. Everything revolved around becoming employable. Now that loop has slowed down. I’m grounded in one place, working on a real set of problems with real constraints. That grounding created space to notice what I had neglected while job hunting. Japanese study had taken a back seat. Fitness became inconsistent. Writing slowed down. Even small creative habits (like voice acting ψ(._. )>) faded because everything was filtered through urgency. Being employed again made it possible to rebalance, but not without trade-offs. Time feels finite in a new way now. Some days that means less coding on personal projects. Some days it means choosing between hobbies. Sometimes it means accepting that momentum can’t be maximized in every direction at once. There are moments when I catch myself thinking I should "get a life", step back or relax more. But I also know this phase is temporary, and I’m grateful to have this many choices in front of me. This feels like a building phase, and I want to respect it without letting it turn into strain. This is just my perspective. People experience startups very differently. Some find them draining. Some thrive. Some leave quickly. I don’t think there’s a single correct way to do this. For me, the lesson from this first week isn’t about grinding harder or protecting myself aggressively. It’s about learning how to stay flexible without being scattered, committed without being trapped, and ambitious without being frantic. I’m still figuring it out. But for now, this feels like the right place to learn how. Top comments (16) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Full-stack builder. Turning critical problems into lean, high-impact tech solutions. Email shalinibhavi525@gmail.com Joined Nov 3, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Love the point about titles mattering less than momentum. In a startup, the 'code' is only half the battle; the rest is just finding where the friction is and greasing the gears. It’s a specific kind of 'building phase' that changes how you think about problem-solving. Don't worry about 'getting a life' just yet—the 0 to 1 phase is where the best stories (and bugs) are made. Great read. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you for reading and supporting me through this comment! Really helps keep my spirits up! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Web Developer Hyper Web Developer Hyper Web Developer Hyper Follow "Having fun with IT technology" is my No.1 priority.🥳🎉 Let's enjoy and grow at the same time.🤝 #AI #ClaudeCode #Codex #Cursor #Cline #MCP #React #Nextjs #AWS #WebDev #FullStackDev Location Japan Joined Dec 27, 2024 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I’m glad to hear you’re doing well in the first week of your new job. I know you’re super clever and will get used to your new role in no time. Good luck!🫡 Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes thank you! I'll do my best! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand SUNNY ANAND SUNNY ANAND SUNNY ANAND Follow Full Stack Systems Engineer building high-performance AI infrastructure. Architect of Nexus Gateway (Open Source AI Cache). Passionate about Go, Distributed Systems, and Scalability. Location India Work Founder @ Nexus Gateway Joined Jan 6, 2026 • Jan 11 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This resonated a lot. Especially the shift from “being employable” to actually solving real problems — that grounding is underrated. Sounds like you’re navigating the chaos with awareness, which is probably the hardest skill to learn early on. Wishing you a solid learning curve ahead Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you for reading and the well wishes @sunny_anand_dev !! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Capin Judicael Akpado Capin Judicael Akpado Capin Judicael Akpado Follow 🎯 Web Developer | ✍️ SEO Content Writer | 🚀 Builder of High-Performance Digital Solutions Location Ouidah, Benin Pronouns He Work Freelance Web developer || SEO Content Writer Joined Jun 20, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thoughtful article ! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you for reading! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ankit Rattan Ankit Rattan Ankit Rattan Follow Coder By Profession, Creator By Mind! Email rattanankit2004@gmail.com Location Remote Education NIT Delhi Work JFL | Ex-Microsoft | Ex-CabEasy Joined Aug 21, 2024 • Jan 10 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yeah.. one learn more in the chaos of a startup week than in a quarter at a giant firm because you are defined by your impact, not just your title. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 10 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Exactly, but the dilemma of which is better for me is still there... Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ankit Rattan Ankit Rattan Ankit Rattan Follow Coder By Profession, Creator By Mind! Email rattanankit2004@gmail.com Location Remote Education NIT Delhi Work JFL | Ex-Microsoft | Ex-CabEasy Joined Aug 21, 2024 • Jan 10 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hmm, that’s common for all ig :) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand jabo Landry jabo Landry jabo Landry Follow Pronouns Developer Prototype Joined Oct 10, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, Congrats on your new experience Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks alot! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand leob leob leob Follow Joined Aug 4, 2017 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Very thoughtful article, almost philosophical, good way to reflect on things! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you for reading! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (16 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 More from Aryan Choudhary I Wanted to Work at a Startup. This Is What the First Glimpse Taught Me # career # startup # learning # beginners What Building Small, Personal Tools Taught Me This Year # productivity # sideprojects # devjournal # learning The 10 Levels of API Development (From Beginner to Production-Ready) # api # beginners # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://dev.to/itsugo/the-first-week-at-a-startup-taught-me-more-than-i-expected-158a#comment-33f8b | The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Aryan Choudhary Posted on Jan 9 The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning Since many of you seemed interested in reading more about this, here’s my first-week reflection. My first week at a startup felt less like starting a job and more like stepping into motion that was already happening. There wasn’t a clean boundary around my role. Some days I was coding, some days debugging things I didn’t build, some days thinking through product decisions, other times helping wherever friction appeared. Titles mattered less than momentum. If something needed to move, someone had to move it. I knew this in theory. I wanted this kind of environment. What surprised me was how quickly wearing multiple hats stopped feeling like pressure and started feeling normal. I adapt fast by default. I don’t carry the constant fear that one mistake will end everything. Even when something goes wrong, it rarely means total collapse. In startups especially, people almost always find a way to adjust and recover. That belief makes the workload feel lighter than it looks on paper. At the same time, the instinct to look for better opportunities hasn’t disappeared. It didn’t switch off just because I signed an offer. It’s quieter now, but it’s still there. I don’t see that as disloyalty or restlessness, more like staying aware of my trajectory while committing to the present. What changed most after joining was the internal noise. For months, my mind was stuck in a constant loop of 24x7 applications, interviews, self-image, and preparation. Everything revolved around becoming employable. Now that loop has slowed down. I’m grounded in one place, working on a real set of problems with real constraints. That grounding created space to notice what I had neglected while job hunting. Japanese study had taken a back seat. Fitness became inconsistent. Writing slowed down. Even small creative habits (like voice acting ψ(._. )>) faded because everything was filtered through urgency. Being employed again made it possible to rebalance, but not without trade-offs. Time feels finite in a new way now. Some days that means less coding on personal projects. Some days it means choosing between hobbies. Sometimes it means accepting that momentum can’t be maximized in every direction at once. There are moments when I catch myself thinking I should "get a life", step back or relax more. But I also know this phase is temporary, and I’m grateful to have this many choices in front of me. This feels like a building phase, and I want to respect it without letting it turn into strain. This is just my perspective. People experience startups very differently. Some find them draining. Some thrive. Some leave quickly. I don’t think there’s a single correct way to do this. For me, the lesson from this first week isn’t about grinding harder or protecting myself aggressively. It’s about learning how to stay flexible without being scattered, committed without being trapped, and ambitious without being frantic. I’m still figuring it out. But for now, this feels like the right place to learn how. Top comments (16) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Full-stack builder. Turning critical problems into lean, high-impact tech solutions. Email shalinibhavi525@gmail.com Joined Nov 3, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Love the point about titles mattering less than momentum. In a startup, the 'code' is only half the battle; the rest is just finding where the friction is and greasing the gears. It’s a specific kind of 'building phase' that changes how you think about problem-solving. Don't worry about 'getting a life' just yet—the 0 to 1 phase is where the best stories (and bugs) are made. Great read. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you for reading and supporting me through this comment! Really helps keep my spirits up! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Web Developer Hyper Web Developer Hyper Web Developer Hyper Follow "Having fun with IT technology" is my No.1 priority.🥳🎉 Let's enjoy and grow at the same time.🤝 #AI #ClaudeCode #Codex #Cursor #Cline #MCP #React #Nextjs #AWS #WebDev #FullStackDev Location Japan Joined Dec 27, 2024 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I’m glad to hear you’re doing well in the first week of your new job. I know you’re super clever and will get used to your new role in no time. Good luck!🫡 Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes thank you! I'll do my best! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand SUNNY ANAND SUNNY ANAND SUNNY ANAND Follow Full Stack Systems Engineer building high-performance AI infrastructure. Architect of Nexus Gateway (Open Source AI Cache). Passionate about Go, Distributed Systems, and Scalability. Location India Work Founder @ Nexus Gateway Joined Jan 6, 2026 • Jan 11 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This resonated a lot. Especially the shift from “being employable” to actually solving real problems — that grounding is underrated. Sounds like you’re navigating the chaos with awareness, which is probably the hardest skill to learn early on. Wishing you a solid learning curve ahead Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you for reading and the well wishes @sunny_anand_dev !! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Capin Judicael Akpado Capin Judicael Akpado Capin Judicael Akpado Follow 🎯 Web Developer | ✍️ SEO Content Writer | 🚀 Builder of High-Performance Digital Solutions Location Ouidah, Benin Pronouns He Work Freelance Web developer || SEO Content Writer Joined Jun 20, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thoughtful article ! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you for reading! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ankit Rattan Ankit Rattan Ankit Rattan Follow Coder By Profession, Creator By Mind! Email rattanankit2004@gmail.com Location Remote Education NIT Delhi Work JFL | Ex-Microsoft | Ex-CabEasy Joined Aug 21, 2024 • Jan 10 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yeah.. one learn more in the chaos of a startup week than in a quarter at a giant firm because you are defined by your impact, not just your title. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 10 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Exactly, but the dilemma of which is better for me is still there... Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ankit Rattan Ankit Rattan Ankit Rattan Follow Coder By Profession, Creator By Mind! Email rattanankit2004@gmail.com Location Remote Education NIT Delhi Work JFL | Ex-Microsoft | Ex-CabEasy Joined Aug 21, 2024 • Jan 10 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hmm, that’s common for all ig :) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand jabo Landry jabo Landry jabo Landry Follow Pronouns Developer Prototype Joined Oct 10, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, Congrats on your new experience Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks alot! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand leob leob leob Follow Joined Aug 4, 2017 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Very thoughtful article, almost philosophical, good way to reflect on things! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you for reading! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (16 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 More from Aryan Choudhary I Wanted to Work at a Startup. This Is What the First Glimpse Taught Me # career # startup # learning # beginners What Building Small, Personal Tools Taught Me This Year # productivity # sideprojects # devjournal # learning The 10 Levels of API Development (From Beginner to Production-Ready) # api # beginners # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://dev.to/alexsergey | Sergey - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Sergey 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Nov 18, 2020 github website More info about @alexsergey Badges Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close Post 6 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 2 tags followed Mastering the Dependency Inversion Principle: Best Practices for Clean Code with DI Sergey Sergey Sergey Follow Nov 28 '24 Mastering the Dependency Inversion Principle: Best Practices for Clean Code with DI # webdev # javascript # typescript # programming 11 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read Rockpack 2.0 Official Release Sergey Sergey Sergey Follow Jan 18 '22 Rockpack 2.0 Official Release # showdev # react # javascript # webdev 48 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read CSS Modules vs CSS-in-JS. Who wins? Sergey Sergey Sergey Follow Mar 11 '21 CSS Modules vs CSS-in-JS. Who wins? # react # webdev # javascript # css 276 reactions Comments 32 comments 5 min read Project Structure. Repository and folders. Review of approaches. Sergey Sergey Sergey Follow Feb 17 '21 Project Structure. Repository and folders. Review of approaches. # javascript # react # webdev # codenewbie 274 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read Log-Driven Development Sergey Sergey Sergey Follow Feb 2 '21 Log-Driven Development # javascript # react # testing # webdev 135 reactions Comments 6 comments 7 min read Server-Side Rendering from zero to hero Sergey Sergey Sergey Follow Jan 19 '21 Server-Side Rendering from zero to hero # react # webdev # javascript # tutorial 129 reactions Comments 5 comments 12 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://future.forem.com/hamzaansariask/how-australian-e-commerce-startups-are-using-ai-to-personalise-the-customer-journey-40dm | How Australian E-commerce Startups Are Using AI to Personalise the Customer Journey - Future Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Future Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Hamza Ansari Posted on Oct 4, 2025 How Australian E-commerce Startups Are Using AI to Personalise the Customer Journey # commerce How Australian E-commerce Startups Are Using AI to Personalise the Customer Journey The online shopping experience has fundamentally changed. Customers no longer want to be treated like just another number in a sales report; they expect brands to understand their unique needs, preferences, and behaviors. This demand for personalization has created a new battleground for e-commerce startups. In Australia, a new wave of innovative companies is leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) to create hyper-personalized customer journeys that build loyalty and drive growth. AI is no longer a futuristic concept—it's a practical tool that allows businesses to analyze vast amounts of data and deliver tailored experiences at scale. From product recommendations to customer support, AI is enabling startups to connect with their audience in more meaningful ways. This article explores how Australian e-commerce disruptors are using AI to personalize every touchpoint, with real-world examples of companies leading the charge. We'll examine the specific strategies they're using to make online shopping smarter, more intuitive, and ultimately more human. How AI is Revolutionizing E-commerce in Australia The AI Toolkit: Transforming E-commerce Before diving into specific examples, it's helpful to understand the key AI technologies that are reshaping the customer journey. These tools are becoming increasingly accessible, allowing even lean startups to compete with established giants. Predictive Analytics: AI algorithms analyze past customer behavior, browsing history, and purchase data to predict future actions. This allows brands to proactively offer relevant products, content, and promotions before the customer even thinks to search for them. AI-Powered Chatbots: Modern chatbots go far beyond simple, pre-programmed responses. They use Natural Language Processing (NLP) to understand customer intent, provide instant 24/7 support, answer complex questions, and even guide users through the purchasing process. Personalized Recommendation Engines: This is one of the most visible applications of AI in e-commerce. These engines use machine learning to suggest products that are highly relevant to the individual shopper, moving far beyond generic "best-seller" lists. Dynamic Pricing and Promotions: AI can analyze market demand, competitor pricing, and a customer's purchasing habits to offer personalized discounts and dynamic pricing, maximizing both conversion rates and revenue. 1. The Iconic : AI for Fashion Discovery As one of Australia's largest online fashion and lifestyle retailers, The Iconic uses AI to solve a major challenge: helping customers find what they love in a catalog of thousands of products. Their "Snap to Shop" feature is a prime example of visual AI in action. A user can upload a photo of an outfit they like, and The Iconic's AI will instantly search its inventory for similar items. This technology transforms inspiration into a seamless shopping experience. It removes the friction of trying to describe a clothing item with keywords and instead provides an intuitive, visual search path. Furthermore, their recommendation engine learns from every click, purchase, and search, constantly refining the "You Might Also Like" sections to become more accurate and personalized for each user. This deep level of personalization helps customers feel understood, turning a potentially overwhelming browsing session into an exciting journey of discovery. 2. Lyka : Hyper-Personalized Pet Nutrition Lyka is a direct-to-consumer pet food startup that has disrupted the industry with its fresh, human-grade meals for dogs. AI is at the very core of its business model, enabling a level of personalization that traditional pet food companies cannot match. When a new customer signs up, they complete a detailed quiz about their dog, including its age, breed, weight, activity level, and any health issues. Lyka's proprietary algorithm uses this data to create a customized meal plan tailored to the dog's specific nutritional needs. The AI calculates the precise portion sizes and caloric intake required, which adjusts over time as the dog's needs change. This data-driven approach allows Lyka to deliver a truly bespoke product. The company uses the ongoing feedback from customers to further refine its algorithms, creating a powerful feedback loop that continuously improves the health outcomes for the pets it serves. It’s a perfect example of using AI to deliver a hyper-personalized product and service. 3. Opure Australia : AI for Authentic Education and Trust In the wellness industry, trust is the most valuable currency. Opure Australia, a natural supplements startup launched in 2022, has built its success on a foundation of transparency. While not a tech company at its core, it cleverly uses AI to personalize the educational journey for its customers, building deep-seated trust and authority. The brand, founded by Zafar Yaqoob, achieved profitability in under two years by focusing on pure, high-quality Shilajit. Opure Australia uses AI-powered tools to analyze customer queries and on-site search behavior. This helps them identify the most pressing questions and concerns their audience has about Shilajit—from its benefits and sourcing to its purity. This data is then used to create highly targeted educational content, such as blog posts, FAQs, and video guides, that directly address these specific informational needs. Furthermore, AI-driven chatbots on their website can instantly provide customers with links to third-party lab reports for specific batches, answer questions about dosage, and explain the science behind the product's benefits. This automates the process of building trust by providing immediate, transparent information. By personalizing the educational journey, Opure Australia ensures that each customer feels informed and confident in their purchase, a crucial factor in the natural products space. 4. InstantScripts : AI for Accessible Healthcare InstantScripts is a health-tech platform that uses AI to make healthcare more accessible and personalized. The platform provides services like online doctor consultations and prescription renewals. AI plays a critical role in their initial intake process. When a patient seeks a consultation, an AI-driven triage system asks a series of dynamic questions to gather preliminary information about their symptoms and medical history. This process helps to streamline the consultation for the human doctor, ensuring they have all the relevant information at their fingertips. The AI can identify potential red flags that may require immediate attention, personalizing the level of urgency. This use of AI doesn't replace the doctor but empowers them to provide faster, more efficient, and more personalized care. 5. Carman's Kitchen : Personalizing at Scale Carman's Kitchen, a beloved Australian brand known for its muesli and snack bars, uses AI to personalize its marketing and customer communication at a massive scale. By analyzing purchase data from its online store and loyalty program, Carman's can segment its audience with incredible precision. Their AI-powered marketing automation tools send personalized email campaigns featuring recipes, new product announcements, and special offers based on a customer's past purchases. For example, a customer who frequently buys gluten-free products will receive content specifically tailored to a gluten-free lifestyle. This ensures that every communication is relevant and valuable, strengthening the customer's relationship with the brand and encouraging repeat purchases. It demonstrates that even established brands can leverage AI to create the personalized feel of a small startup. The Future is Personalized The use of AI in Australian e-commerce is not just a trend; it's a fundamental shift in how brands build relationships with their customers. From fashion and pet food to wellness and healthcare, startups are proving that a data-driven, personalized approach is the key to cutting through the noise. These companies show that AI is not about replacing the human element but enhancing it. By automating data analysis and personalizing interactions, businesses can focus on what truly matters: delivering exceptional value and building authentic connections. For any entrepreneur in the e-commerce space, the message is clear: embracing AI is no longer optional if you want to create a customer journey that is truly memorable. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Hamza Ansari Follow Website Developer at in Scotland at tech company in scotland. Location scotland Joined May 31, 2025 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Future — News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Future © 2025 - 2026. Stay on the cutting edge, and shape tomorrow Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/dependabot | Keeping your supply chain secure with Dependabot - GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Free, Pro, & Team Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar Security and code quality / Dependabot Home Security and code quality Getting started GitHub security features Dependabot quickstart Secure repository quickstart Add a security policy GitHub secret types GitHub Code Quality Get started Quickstart Reference Metrics and ratings CodeQL analysis CodeQL queries C# queries Go queries Java queries JavaScript queries Python queries Ruby queries Tutorials Fix findings in PRs Improve your codebase Improve recent merges Responsible use Code quality Secure your organization Introduction Choose security configuration Manage organization security Interpret security data Exposure to leaked secrets Export risk report CSV 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https://dev.to/qa-leaders/testability-vs-automatability-why-most-automation-efforts-fail-before-they-begin-3f6o | Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse tanvi Mittal for AI and QA Leaders Posted on Dec 18, 2025 Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin # webdev # ai # programming # testing Test automation rarely fails because teams chose the wrong tool. It fails much earlier often before the first test is written when systems are designed without considering how they will be tested or automated. When automation becomes flaky, slow, or unreliable, the default reaction is predictable: rewrite tests, switch frameworks, add retries, or bring in a new tool promising stability. These actions sometimes reduce pain temporarily, but they rarely address the real issue. Over time, automation becomes something teams tolerate rather than trust. The root cause is usually a misunderstanding of two closely related but fundamentally different concepts: testability and automatability. The Subtle Distinction That Changes Everything Testability and automatability are often used interchangeably in engineering conversations, but they solve different problems. Testability is about how easily a system can be understood and diagnosed. A testable system exposes its state clearly. When something fails, the system helps you understand what happened and why. Logs are meaningful, signals are explicit, and behavior can be observed without guesswork. Automatability, on the other hand, is about how reliably a system can be exercised by a machine. It focuses on determinism, stability, and control. An automatable system behaves consistently under automation, even as it evolves. The mistake teams make is assuming that good automation automatically implies good testability. In practice, automation depends on testability. When testability is weak, automation compensates with complexity — and that complexity eventually collapses under its own weight. Why Automation Becomes the Scapegoat When automated tests fail without clear explanations, automation becomes the visible problem. Pipelines turn red, release confidence drops, and engineers lose trust in test results. At that point, automation is no longer perceived as a safety net, it becomes noise. What often goes unnoticed is that these failures are symptoms, not causes. A test timing out, failing to locate an element, or producing inconsistent results is frequently reflecting deeper uncertainty in the system itself. Automation simply surfaces that uncertainty earlier and more frequently than manual testing ever could. Humans are remarkably good at compensating for ambiguity. We refresh pages, retry actions, infer intent, and move on. Automation has no such intuition. It requires explicit signals, stable behavior, and predictable state transitions. When those are missing, automation struggles and it gets blamed for struggling. Tools Don’t Fix Foundational Problems Modern frameworks have made automation more accessible and forgiving. They handle waits better, provide richer diagnostics, and reduce boilerplate. But they do not and cannot fix fundamental design issues. No tool can compensate for: User interfaces that constantly re-render without stable identifiers Business logic buried inside UI event handlers Asynchronous workflows with no observable completion signals Systems that expose outcomes only visually, not programmatically Switching tools in these situations may reduce friction briefly, but it does not change the underlying uncertainty. Eventually, the same problems reappear, just expressed through a different API. Automation Friction Is a Signal, Not a Failure One of the most important mindset shifts teams can make is to treat automation difficulty as feedback about the system, not as a testing failure. When tests are hard to write, hard to stabilize, or hard to debug, the system is telling you something. It is telling you that behavior is implicit rather than explicit, that state is hidden rather than observable, or that control is scattered rather than intentional. Teams that listen to this feedback improve not just their tests, but their architecture, diagnosability, and operational maturity. Teams that ignore it accumulate automation debt — and eventually abandon large parts of their test suites. Why This Matters Before Automation Scales The cost of misunderstanding testability and automatability grows with scale. Early in a project, poor design choices may only slow down a few tests. Over time, they turn into flaky pipelines, long triage cycles, and brittle release processes. This is why automation strategy cannot be separated from system design. Automation is not a phase that comes later; it is a constraint that should influence how software is built from the beginning. Understanding the difference between testability and automatability is the first step toward making automation an asset rather than a liability. What Comes Next In the next post, we’ll go deeper into a question teams struggle with constantly: How do you tell whether a failing test indicates a problem in your automation or a problem in your application design? That distinction is where most automation efforts either stabilize or slowly unravel. Follow the series if you’re interested in building automation that scales with confidence rather than friction. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . 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Follow us More from AI and QA Leaders Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin — Part3 # automation # testing # softwaretesting # webdev AI-Powered Cypress Test Generation from Natural Language v2.0 — Now with cy.prompt() Self-Healing # openai # ai # softwaretesting # cypress AI-Powered Cypress Test Automation: Automated Test Creation and Execution with Machine Learning # softwaretesting # ai # langchain # llm 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-cloud@latest/admin | Enterprise administrator documentation - GitHub Enterprise Cloud Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Enterprise Cloud Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar Enterprise administrators Home Enterprise administrators Overview About GitHub for enterprises About GitHub Enterprise Cloud Enterprise Cloud trial Enterprise Server trial Governance framework Access compliance reports Concepts Fundamentals Enterprise accounts Teams Roles Identity and access management Fundamentals Enterprise Managed Users Security and compliance Policies Audit logs Best practices Organize work Use innersource Data residency What is data residency? How is data stored? Which features are available? 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Overview Try GitHub's enterprise features Start here View all Identity and access management fundamentals Administrators must decide how users will access the enterprise's resources on GitHub. Choosing an enterprise type for GitHub Enterprise Cloud Understand the types of enterprises available in GitHub Enterprise Cloud and decide whether Enterprise Managed Users is right for you by asking yourself some questions. Abilities of roles in an enterprise Find the right role to grant access to your enterprise's settings and data. Popular Verifying or approving a domain for your enterprise You can verify your ownership of domains with GitHub to confirm the identity of organizations owned by your enterprise account. You can also approve domains where organization members can receive email notifications. Audit log for an enterprise To support debugging and internal and external compliance, GitHub provides logs of audited user, organization, and repository events. Managing global webhooks You can configure global webhooks to notify external web servers when events occur within your enterprise. Setting up Visual Studio subscriptions with GitHub Enterprise Your team's subscription to Visual Studio can also provide access to GitHub Enterprise. Guides Enforcing policies for GitHub Actions in your enterprise You can enforce policies to manage how GitHub Actions can be used within your enterprise. @GitHub Enforcing policies for code security and analysis for your enterprise You can enforce policies to manage the use of code security and analysis features within your enterprise's organizations. @GitHub Enforcing repository management policies in your enterprise You can enforce policies for repository management within your enterprise's organizations, or allow policies to be set in each organization. @GitHub Explore guides All Enterprise administrators docs Overview About GitHub for enterprises About GitHub Enterprise Cloud Setting up a trial of GitHub Enterprise Cloud Setting up a trial of GitHub Enterprise Server Establishing a governance framework for your enterprise Accessing compliance reports for your enterprise Concepts for enterprises Enterprise fundamentals • 3 articles Identity and access management • 2 articles Security and compliance • 2 articles Best practices for enterprises • 2 articles GitHub Enterprise Cloud with data residency About GitHub Enterprise Cloud with data residency About storage of your data with data residency Feature overview for GitHub Enterprise Cloud with data residency Getting started with data residency for GitHub Enterprise Cloud Network details for GHE.com Resolving issues with your enterprise on GHE.com Managing your enterprise account Creating an enterprise account Creating a README for an enterprise Deleting an enterprise account Changing the URL for your enterprise Configuring GitHub Enterprise Configuring user applications for your enterprise • 1 articles Hardening security for your enterprise • 2 articles Configuring private networking for hosted compute products • 4 articles Identity and access management Understanding IAM for enterprises • 4 articles IAM configuration reference • 2 articles Using SAML for enterprise IAM • 7 articles Configuring authentication for Enterprise Managed Users • 6 articles Provisioning accounts for Enterprise Managed Users • 7 articles Reconfiguring IAM for Enterprise Managed Users • 3 articles Managing recovery codes for your enterprise • 2 articles Managing accounts and repositories Communicating information to users in your enterprise • 2 articles Managing users in your enterprise • 11 articles Managing organizations in your enterprise • 6 articles Managing repositories in your enterprise • 4 articles Managing roles in your enterprise • 4 articles Setting policies for your enterprise Enforcing policies for your enterprise • 13 articles Monitoring activity in your enterprise Reviewing audit logs for your enterprise • 8 articles Exploring user activity in your enterprise • 1 articles Managing GitHub Apps for your enterprise Creating GitHub Apps for your enterprise Adding and removing GitHub App managers in your enterprise Automating app installations in your enterprise's organizations Managing GitHub Actions for your enterprise Getting started with GitHub Actions for your enterprise • 5 articles Help and support Did you find what you needed? 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https://dev.to/bobur/agent-knowledge-vs-memories-understanding-the-difference-4pgj | Agent Knowledge vs Memories: Understanding the Difference - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Bobur Umurzokov Posted on Jan 9 • Originally published at chatmemory.ai Agent Knowledge vs Memories: Understanding the Difference # programming # webdev # ai # productivity Most developers are still confused about what "memory" means in AI and why they should use it. Or they keep asking: what’s the difference between knowledge and memory? How to use them together? Many of them treat memory as just cached conversations. Others try to build their own version by storing data in files. Knowledge and memories serve very different purposes inside an AI agent. When you clearly separate them and design for each intentionally, your agent stops behaving like a scripted chatbot, saves up to 80% LLM tokens, and starts acting like a helpful assistant that actually remembers customers. Knowledge: Your Agent's Reference Library Think of it as your agent’s reference library. Every customer reads from the same book, and that consistency is what makes your agent reliable. Knowledge is everything that is true for all customers, regardless of who is asking. It represents your business facts: documentation, pricing, policies, shipping rules, FAQs, API references, and internal procedures. Knowledge is stable. It changes only when your business changes, not when the customer changes. When a customer asks about shipping rates, the agent doesn’t need personal context. It simply retrieves the correct information from the knowledge base and responds. The answer should be identical for every customer, every time. This consistency is the strength of knowledge. If it’s wrong, your agent confidently gives incorrect answers. If it’s missing, your agent starts guessing. That’s why knowledge must be curated and maintained carefully. Knowledge Characteristics Static & Structured: Contains business information that doesn't change frequently—product catalogs, FAQs, policies, procedures Universally Shared: All customers access the same knowledge base—what's true for one customer is true for all Manually Curated: You upload, organize, and maintain this content based on what your business offers Purpose: Provides accurate, consistent answers grounded in your business reality Real-World Knowledge Example Customer: "What are your shipping rates to Canada?" Agent: [Searches knowledge base] "We offer three shipping options to Canada: Standard (5-7 days) for $12.99, Express (2-3 days) for $24.99, and Overnight for $49.99. Free shipping on orders over $150." Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The agent pulled this directly from your knowledge base, the same answer every customer gets, because it's factual business information. Memories: Your Agent's Personal Journal for Each Customer Memories are the opposite of knowledge. They are personal, dynamic, and unique to each customer. Memory captures things like preferences, past purchases, previous issues, and important details the customer has already shared. Memory answers a different question: what do we already know about this person? If a customer says they prefer blue sneakers in size 10, that information should never live in your knowledge base. It belongs in memory, scoped only to that customer. When the same customer comes back weeks later on a different channel the agent can continue the conversation naturally without asking again. This is what prevents the “AI amnesia” problem. Without memory, every interaction resets. Customers repeat themselves. Context disappears. Trust erodes. Memory Characteristics Dynamic & Personal: Captures conversation history, preferences, past issues, and context specific to each customer Individually Isolated: Each customer has their own memory space—what Sarah said never shows up in John's context Automatically Captured: AI extracts and stores important details from conversations without manual work Cross-Channel: Follows customers across WhatsApp, Telegram, web chat—one continuous memory Purpose: Enables personalized, context-aware interactions that feel natural and continuous Real-World Memory Example Week 1 - WhatsApp: Customer: "I need sneakers, size 10, prefer blue colors" Agent: [Stores: prefers blue, size 10, interested in sneakers] Week 3 - Telegram (same customer, different channel): Customer: "Do you have new arrivals?" Agent: "Yes! We just got new blue sneakers in size 10—based on your previous interest, you might love our Nike Runner collection. Want to see them?" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Notice how the agent remembered the customer's preferences across different channels and weeks. This is the power of memories. It's personal, persistent, and creates a seamless experience. AI memory for customer support chats Stop making customers repeat themselves. Add memory so AI remembers, learns, and supports like a human. 🔗 https://www.chatmemory.ai How Agent Knowledge and Memory Work Together The best AI agents don’t choose between knowledge or memory. They use both, in sequence. First, the agent checks memory to understand who it’s talking to and what context already exists. Then it checks knowledge to ensure the response follows business rules and factual accuracy. The final answer combines both into a response that is correct and personal. For example, when a customer asks to return an order, memory tells the agent which order the customer placed and when. Knowledge tells the agent what the return policy allows. The response feels helpful because it references the specific order while correctly applying company rules. Customer: "I want to return my order" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Agent's Process: Check Memory: "This is Sarah, she ordered blue sneakers (order #1234) 2 weeks ago via WhatsApp" Check Knowledge: "Return policy allows 30 days, need receipt, items must be unworn" Combine: Personalized response with accurate policy Agent: "Hi Sarah! I can help with returning your blue sneakers (Order #1234). Our 30-day return policy applies. Since you ordered 2 weeks ago, you're well within the window. Just make sure they're unworn. Would you like me to generate a return label?" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode See the difference? The agent combined knowledge (return policy details) with memories (Sarah's specific order, timeline, and preferences) to create a response that's both accurate and personal. Why Mixing Knowledge and Memory Breaks AI Agents Many teams make the mistake of storing personal conversations inside their knowledge base or passing entire chat histories with every request. This causes multiple problems at once. Answers become noisy because personal data pollutes shared facts. Token usage explodes because the agent is constantly reprocessing irrelevant context. Privacy becomes harder to manage because personal data is mixed with permanent knowledge. A clean separation fixes all of this. Knowledge stays global and stable. Memory stays personal and contextual. The agent retrieves only what it needs, when it needs it. Knowledge vs Memories: Side-by-Side Comparison Aspect Knowledge Memories Content Type Business facts & information Personal history & preferences Who Has Access All customers (shared) Individual customer only How It's Created Manually uploaded by you Auto-captured from conversations Update Frequency Rarely (when business changes) Constantly (every conversation) Persistence Permanent until you change it Configurable retention (7-90+ days) Primary Purpose Provide accurate answers Enable personalization Example Content Product specs, pricing, policies Order history, preferences, past issues When to Use What Use Knowledge For: Product catalogs and specifications Company policies and procedures FAQs and troubleshooting guides Pricing and shipping information Training materials and best practices Use Memories For: Customer purchase history Personal preferences and interests Past support issues and resolutions Communication preferences Conversation context and continuity How to Build It the Right Way Start with Knowledge: Upload your docs, APIs, FAQs. Make sure your agent can answer factual questions accurately and consistently. Add Memory: Turn on automatic context capture. Let it learn about each user over time. Set Retention: Decide how long to keep memories. 7 days? 90 days? Forever? Depends on your use case. Watch and Adjust: See what questions come up repeatedly. Add them to knowledge. See what context matters. Make sure memory captures it. Enable Memory Capture: Configure your agent to automatically extract and store customer-specific context Set Retention Policies: Decide how long to keep memories based on your business needs and compliance requirements Monitor & Refine: Watch how your agent uses both systems and adjust your knowledge content based on common questions Ready to Build Smarter Agents? ChatMemory gives you both. Knowledge bases and automatic memory capture. Works across WhatsApp, Telegram, web chat, wherever your users are. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Bobur Umurzokov Follow Developer Advocate | Software Engineer | Speaker | Microsoft MVP Location Tallinn, Estonia Education Politecnico di Torino Pronouns He/His Work Developer Advocate Joined Dec 29, 2021 More from Bobur Umurzokov RAG vs Memory for AI Agents: What’s the Difference # programming # ai # agents # python AutoGen Multi-agent Conversations Memory # programming # ai # python # tutorial Why Use SQL Databases for AI Agent Memory # programming # sql # database # ai 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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http://apihandyman.io/talks | API Handyman | Talks & Podcasts API Handyman Blog All content Posts Talks & Podcasts Blog Posts Talks & Podcasts Toolbox About Hi! I'm Arnaud Lauret, the API Handyman and author of The Design of Web APIs. You'll find here all my talks and podcasts. You can also read my book OpenAPI does what Swagger don't By Arnaud Lauret, September 21, 2022 Let’s compare versions Swagger 2.0 and OpenAPI 3.0, and 3.1 to demonstrate the benefits of the new features introduced by 3.x versions to create more precise, better documented, more practical, and future-proof API contract descriptions. Le Clash REST vs GraphQL By Nicolas Barrasson & Jonathan Jalouzot & Arnaud Lauret, December 9, 2021 L’idée folle de l’équipe Microsoft User Group France pour API Days Paris 2021: un clash REST (représenté par votre serviteur) vs GraphQL (représenté par Jonathan Jalouzot , tenancier du Meetup GraphQL Paris) arbitré par Nicolas Barrasson . Talking about The Design of Web APIs with Erik Wilde By Erik Wilde & Arnaud Lauret, November 30, 2021 Had a great time chatting with Erik Wilde about the motivation for writing The Design of Web APIs book, and why it specifically focuses on the design aspect of the API lifecycle (and also why it is not titled The Implementation of Web APIs). Taking advantage of OpenAPI for API Design reviews By Arnaud Lauret, September 28, 2021 After my first recorded live demo session, here comes my first non recorded actually live session in which I show how I take advantage of the OpenAPI Specification during API design reviews. Note that I experienced some technical issues during this session, you’ll find the story in my “Barely surviving my first live (non recorded) demo session” post . Toro Cloud's Coding Over Cocktails Podcast: The Design of Web APIs By David Brown & Kevin Montalbo & Arnaud Lauret, September 16, 2021 I was invited by David Brown and Kevin Montalbo for Toro Cloud’s Coding Over Cocktail podcast. We discussed API consistency, how to make your APIs more discoverable, defining and setting the boundaries between an API gateway and API implementation, and choosing the right API architecture and technology for the right problem. Stoplight's API Intersection Podcast: The Ultimate Guide to Style Guides By Jason Harmon & Adam Duvander & Arnaud Lauret, September 15, 2021 I was invited to Stoplight’s API Intersection podcast hosted by my two good friends Jason Harmon and Adam Duvander. As it was Stoplight’s “Style Guide September”, we discussed one of my favorite topics, covered quickly in my book The Design of Web APIs, and that I practice everyday helping people to create APIs: API design style guides. Electro Monkeys Podcast - Le Design des APIs Web By Stéphane Beuret & Arnaud Lauret, August 25, 2021 C’est avec un grand plaisir que j’ai répondu à l’invitation de Stéphane Beuret pour parler d’API (en français pour une fois) dans son podcast Electro Monkeys. On y parle de lavabo, de mon livre (The Design of Web APIs, en anglais lui) mais aussi et surtout de design d’API, de sécurité, cycle de vie et gestion des erreurs. Toutes ces choses auxquelles il faut penser pour faire de bonnes API Web. Supercharge OpenAPI to efficiently describe APIs By Arnaud Lauret, August 3, 2021 If you want to discover the OpenAPI Specification format, this video is for you! In my first ever (recorded) live coding session, given at the 2021 Manning API Conference, I demonstrate basic, advanced, and even hidden features that will help you to efficiently create complete, accurate, and maintainable API descriptions when designing documenting APIs. Human Centered API Governance By Arnaud Lauret, June 30, 2021 For many, governance is a scary word, but it’s up to us, API practitioners to make that change and make people love it. That could be done if we build a human centered and pragmatic API governance focusing more on helping and training people than controlling and coercing them Generating OpenAPI Descriptions. When is it a good idea? By Erik Wilde & Arnaud Lauret, June 1, 2021 As a follow up of my “6 reasons why generating OpenAPI sucks” post, I had the pleasure to talk about “is it a good idea to generate OpenAPI descriptions?” with Erik Wilde . In this discussion, we answer this questions at various stages of the API lifecycle: design time, code time, and runtime. 1 3 Privacy Policy & Settings © 2015-2024 Arnaud Lauret By continuing to use this web site you agree with the API Handyman website privacy policy (effective date , June 28, 2020). Read privacy policy Happy with that Read privacy policy Happy with that | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://dev.to/t/springboot | Springboot - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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Right menu 🐌 “My Spring Boot API Became Slow… Until I Learned Pagination & Sorting” Shashwath S H Shashwath S H Shashwath S H Follow Jan 13 🐌 “My Spring Boot API Became Slow… Until I Learned Pagination & Sorting” # springboot # backend # java # sorting 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read We Made OpenAPI Generator Think in Generics Barış Saylı Barış Saylı Barış Saylı Follow Jan 12 We Made OpenAPI Generator Think in Generics # java # springboot # openapi # microservices Comments Add Comment 4 min read AI-Powered Commit Message Generator with Sring Boot & Cerebras Deividas Strole Deividas Strole Deividas Strole Follow Jan 12 AI-Powered Commit Message Generator with Sring Boot & Cerebras # webdev # ai # github # springboot 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read From Startup to Unicorn: A Blueprint for Secure Enterprise Architecture Eber Cruz Eber Cruz Eber Cruz Follow Jan 13 From Startup to Unicorn: A Blueprint for Secure Enterprise Architecture # software # architecture # springboot # startup Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building EmbedQA: An Open Source API Testing Tool with Spring Boot 🚀 Akash Bhuiyan Akash Bhuiyan Akash Bhuiyan Follow Jan 12 Building EmbedQA: An Open Source API Testing Tool with Spring Boot 🚀 # java # springboot # opensource # api Comments Add Comment 6 min read How I Built a Manual Resume Review System with Spring Boot & Angular Resumemind Resumemind Resumemind Follow Jan 12 How I Built a Manual Resume Review System with Spring Boot & Angular # showdev # angular # career # springboot Comments Add Comment 3 min read Database Migration Scripts in Spring Boot Manikanta Yarramsetti Manikanta Yarramsetti Manikanta Yarramsetti Follow Jan 12 Database Migration Scripts in Spring Boot # database # devops # java # springboot Comments Add Comment 2 min read Understanding the A2UI Protocol: Building with Java and Spring Boot vishalmysore vishalmysore vishalmysore Follow Jan 10 Understanding the A2UI Protocol: Building with Java and Spring Boot # ai # architecture # springboot # java Comments Add Comment 6 min read Liquibase in Spring Boot Manikanta Yarramsetti Manikanta Yarramsetti Manikanta Yarramsetti Follow Jan 12 Liquibase in Spring Boot # database # java # springboot # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read ✨I Didn’t Write a Single SQL Query… Yet Spring Data JPA Queried My Database Shashwath S H Shashwath S H Shashwath S H Follow Jan 11 ✨I Didn’t Write a Single SQL Query… Yet Spring Data JPA Queried My Database # springboot # java # backend # springdatajpa 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read [Simple SNS Project] Step 4. 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Bhupendra Follow Jan 7 ALL TYPE OF GET USES IN SPRING BOOT # api # java # springboot # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read 🔍 JPA, Hibernate, JDBC… I Was Confused Until This Finally Clicked Shashwath S H Shashwath S H Shashwath S H Follow Jan 11 🔍 JPA, Hibernate, JDBC… I Was Confused Until This Finally Clicked # springboot # java # backend # hibernate 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building a Secure Demo Banking App [Part 1] Bladimir Bladimir Bladimir Follow Jan 6 Building a Secure Demo Banking App [Part 1] # programming # springboot # react Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... trending guides/resources 6 Must-Read Spring Boot and Spring Framework Books for Java developers in 2026 How to Configure Global Settings for Spring RestClient FastAPI vs Spring Boot: A Comprehensive Comparison Spring Boot Security tokens Validation locally using Keycloak’s public keys (JWKS) Unit Testing Using Spring Boot, JUnit and Mockito A Practical Guide to Building AI Agents With Java and Spring AI - Part 1 - Create an AI Agent What is the Spring Bean Lifecycle? Efficient S3 File Uploads: Speed & Large File Handling in Spring Boot A Practical Guide to Building AI Agents with Java and Spring AI - Part 2 - Add Memory How to Use JWT Authentication in Spring Boot (Java 21) — An End-to-End Beginner Guide A Practical Guide to Building AI Agents with Java and Spring AI - Part 3 - Add Knowledge Understanding the HTTP Request-Response Cycle API Gateway vs Service Mesh: Beyond the North–South/East–West Myth MongoDB Advanced Aggregations With Spring Boot and Amazon Corretto Bringing the Actor Model to Spring Boot with Pekko Shift Left Performance Testing in Spring Boot: Stability Through Control A Clean & Scalable Spring Boot Project Structure (Shared-Domain Architecture) How to Align Spring Boot Validation Errors with Your JSON Property Naming Strategy Full resiliency guide for Spring Boot microservices — using all Resilience4j annotations A Practical Guide to Building AI Agents with Java and Spring AI - Part 4 - Add Tools 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://www.spreaker.com/episode/working-with-google-maps-on-angular-with-katerina-skroumpelou-aia-401--58841540 | Working with Google Maps on Angular with Katerina Skroumpelou - AiA 401 Discover Your Library Search For Podcasters Your Podcasts Free Our Platform How Spreaker Works Podcasts App Spreaker Create New Prime Network Help { if (!hidden) { $refs.inputMobile.focus(); } }); if (isSearch && !query) { if (window.innerWidth Sign up Login Sign up For Podcasters Your Podcasts Free Settings Light Theme Dark Theme Our Platform How Spreaker Works Podcasts App Spreaker Create New Prime Network Help { if (this.toast) { this.toast = null; } }, timings[this.toast.type]); }, getClassType() { return { 'bg-neutral-700 dark:bg-neutral-100 text-white dark:text-neutral-950': this .toast?.type === 'default', 'bg-sky-700 text-white': this.toast?.type === 'info', 'bg-emerald-700 text-white': this.toast?.type === 'success', 'bg-red-800 text-white': this.toast?.type === 'error', 'bg-orange-400 text-neutral-950': this.toast?.type === 'warning' } } }" x-on:toast.window="showToast($event.detail)" x-show="toast" class="fixed left-0 right-0 z-10 md:left-[250px]" x-transition> Adventures in Angular Transcribed Transcribed Working with Google Maps on Angular with Katerina Skroumpelou - AiA 401 Jan 11, 2024 · 49m Loading Play Pause Add to queue In queue { SP.Utils.setDocumentShouldScroll(!opened); })"> Download Download and listen anywhere Download your favorite episodes and enjoy them, wherever you are! Sign up or log in now to access offline listening. Sign up to download { SP.Utils.setDocumentShouldScroll(!opened); })"> Transcript Working with Google Maps on Angular with Katerina Skroumpelou - AiA 401 This automatic transcript is brought to you by AI technology. This is an automatically generated transcript. Please note that complete accuracy is not guaranteed. Support { SP.Utils.setDocumentShouldScroll(!opened); })"> Embed Embed episode `; }, copyToClipboard() { this.copyStatus = 'DONE'; SP.Utils.copyToClipboard(this.getIframeCode()); setTimeout(() => { this.copyStatus = 'IDLE'; }, 2000); } }"> Dark Light Copy Done Looking to add a personal touch? Explore all the embedding options available in our developer's guide Share on X Share on Facebook Share on Bluesky Share on Whatsapp Share on Telegram Share on LinkedIn Description In this episode of Adventures in Angular, we talk with Katerina Skroumpelou, who is a Google Maps and Angular Google Developer Expert and team member at @nrwl_io, living in Greece.... show more In this episode of Adventures in Angular, we talk with Katerina Skroumpelou, who is a Google Maps and Angular Google Developer Expert and team member at @nrwl_io, living in Greece. In this episode, Katerina talks about how she got started with Google Maps. She also covers how the Google Maps JS API has changed over time, how you can get started using it in your Angular applications, and what you all can do with the API! Sponsors Chuck's Resume Template Developer Book Club Become a Top 1% Dev with a Top End Devs Membership Links https://mapstyle.withgoogle.com/ https://github.com/angular/components/blob/master/src/google-maps/README.md https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/overview Google Maps JS API – Directions Servic Katerina Skroumpelou “Google Maps in Angular” l Angular International Women’s Day 2020 https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/maps-platform/meet-google-maps-platform-developer-experts https://ng-gmap-kat.web.app/home Picks Alyssa - UI Wednesdays with Alyssa Brooks - Single spa: Brooks - Behind the curve Chris - What 3 Words Chris - Kingdoms of Amalur Re-Reckoning Katerina - Isaac Asimov, The Complete Robot Brad - Ergo Stool Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands Privacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/adventures-in-angular--6102018/support . show less Comments Sign in to leave a comment Information Author Charles M Wood Organization Top End Devs Website topenddevs.com Tags - 🇬🇧 English 🇬🇧 English 🇮🇹 Italiano 🇪🇸 Espanõl 🇬🇧 English 🇬🇧 English 🇮🇹 Italiano 🇪🇸 Espanõl Terms Privacy {e.preventDefault(); showOneTrustPreferenceCenter();}" class="inline-flex items-center gap-2 hover:underline"> Your Privacy Choices Copyright 2026 - Spreaker Inc. an iHeartMedia Company { SP.Utils.setDocumentShouldScroll(!opened); })"> Playing Now Queue Looks like you don't have any active episode Browse Spreaker Catalogue to discover great new content Browse now Current Looks like you don't have any episodes in your queue Browse Spreaker Catalogue to discover great new content Browse now 1" class="mt-6"> Next Up Manage Done svg]:text-white"> Up Up Down Down Remove svg]:text-white"> It's so quiet here... 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https://dev.to/t/testing | Testing - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Testing Follow Hide Find those bugs before your users do! 🐛 Create Post Older #testing posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 481 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu SLMs, LLMs and a Devious Logic Puzzle Test Ben Santora Ben Santora Ben Santora Follow Jan 12 SLMs, LLMs and a Devious Logic Puzzle Test # llm # performance # testing 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Observing Behavioral Anomalies in Web Applications Beyond Signature Scanners 0x7b 0x7b 0x7b Follow Jan 12 Observing Behavioral Anomalies in Web Applications Beyond Signature Scanners # monitoring # performance # security # testing Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to handle drag and drop with Cypress in Workflow Builder Daniil Daniil Daniil Follow Jan 13 How to handle drag and drop with Cypress in Workflow Builder # testing # cypress # javascript # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read Case Study (Day 0): Testing a Topical Authority Burst Strategy on a Brand-New Site Topical HQ Topical HQ Topical HQ Follow Jan 13 Case Study (Day 0): Testing a Topical Authority Burst Strategy on a Brand-New Site # devjournal # marketing # startup # testing 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read TWD Tip: Stub Auth0 Hooks and Mock React Modules Kevin Julián Martínez Escobar Kevin Julián Martínez Escobar Kevin Julián Martínez Escobar Follow Jan 12 TWD Tip: Stub Auth0 Hooks and Mock React Modules # webdev # testing # react # twd Comments Add Comment 3 min read Package Updates Are Investments, Not Hygiene Tasks Steven Stuart Steven Stuart Steven Stuart Follow Jan 12 Package Updates Are Investments, Not Hygiene Tasks # leadership # softwaredevelopment # testing Comments Add Comment 8 min read When Tests Keep Passing, but Design Stops Moving Felix Asher Felix Asher Felix Asher Follow Jan 12 When Tests Keep Passing, but Design Stops Moving # tdd # ai # testing # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 3 min read Testing in the Age of AI Agents: How I Kept QA from Collapsing wintrover wintrover wintrover Follow Jan 12 Testing in the Age of AI Agents: How I Kept QA from Collapsing # testing # qa # automation # tdd Comments Add Comment 4 min read Integration tests in Node.js with Mocha/Chai Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Jan 12 Integration tests in Node.js with Mocha/Chai # api # javascript # node # testing Comments Add Comment 6 min read From Manual Testing to AI Pipelines: Lessons That Never Changed in My QA Career Adnan Arif Adnan Arif Adnan Arif Follow Jan 12 From Manual Testing to AI Pipelines: Lessons That Never Changed in My QA Career # ai # machinelearning # testing Comments Add Comment 4 min read Testes de integração em Node.js com Mocha/Chai Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Lucas Pereira de Souza Follow Jan 12 Testes de integração em Node.js com Mocha/Chai # api # javascript # node # testing Comments Add Comment 7 min read [Go] Useful Packages from Go's Internal Source Code: go-internal Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [Go] Useful Packages from Go's Internal Source Code: go-internal # learning # testing # tooling # go Comments Add Comment 3 min read How I stopped Claude Code from hallucinating on Day 4 (The "Spec-Driven" Workflow) Samarth Hathwar Samarth Hathwar Samarth Hathwar Follow Jan 12 How I stopped Claude Code from hallucinating on Day 4 (The "Spec-Driven" Workflow) # productivity # ai # claudecode # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Generate Test Data for PostgreSQL (2 Methods) DDLTODATA DDLTODATA DDLTODATA Follow Jan 11 How to Generate Test Data for PostgreSQL (2 Methods) # postgres # testing # data # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read TWD 1.4.x is out – focused on Developer Experience Kevin Julián Martínez Escobar Kevin Julián Martínez Escobar Kevin Julián Martínez Escobar Follow Jan 11 TWD 1.4.x is out – focused on Developer Experience # webdev # testing # twd Comments Add Comment 1 min read [Golang] Testing Twitter Authentication and Building a Timeline Project Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [Golang] Testing Twitter Authentication and Building a Timeline Project # testing # api # tutorial # go Comments Add Comment 1 min read I asked devs to crash my App. Here's what happened in the first 24h (DDoS, Billing Limits & Error 1101) Elias Oliveira Elias Oliveira Elias Oliveira Follow Jan 10 I asked devs to crash my App. Here's what happened in the first 24h (DDoS, Billing Limits & Error 1101) # showdev # security # testing # devops Comments Add Comment 2 min read Vibe Coding vs AI-Driven Development: The Contracts Problem (and GS-TDD) Dennis Schmock Dennis Schmock Dennis Schmock Follow Jan 9 Vibe Coding vs AI-Driven Development: The Contracts Problem (and GS-TDD) # ai # testing # tdd # reliability Comments Add Comment 4 min read Testes de Interface com Playwright e MCP no Windsurf Victor Geruso Gomes Victor Geruso Gomes Victor Geruso Gomes Follow Jan 9 Testes de Interface com Playwright e MCP no Windsurf # webdev # ai # testing # ui Comments Add Comment 3 min read Try crash my app! I built a Link Shortener on the Edge. Can you help me crash it? (Live Dashboard) Elias Oliveira Elias Oliveira Elias Oliveira Follow Jan 9 Try crash my app! I built a Link Shortener on the Edge. Can you help me crash it? (Live Dashboard) # showdev # architecture # performance # testing Comments Add Comment 1 min read P2 - AgentEvolver 的self-question 部分代码精读 Zhaopeng Xuan Zhaopeng Xuan Zhaopeng Xuan Follow Jan 9 P2 - AgentEvolver 的self-question 部分代码精读 # agents # ai # llm # testing Comments Add Comment 1 min read Why OWASP-Aligned Testing Alone Isn’t Enough and How ZeroThreat Goes Further Jigar Shah Jigar Shah Jigar Shah Follow Jan 9 Why OWASP-Aligned Testing Alone Isn’t Enough and How ZeroThreat Goes Further # devops # security # testing Comments Add Comment 4 min read Testing Recovery: Proving Your App Helps People Stabilize CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems Follow Jan 8 Testing Recovery: Proving Your App Helps People Stabilize # testing # a11y # healthcare # react Comments Add Comment 10 min read Testing Database Logic: What to Test, What to Skip, and Why It Matters CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary Follow Jan 6 Testing Database Logic: What to Test, What to Skip, and Why It Matters # programming # php # testing # development Comments Add Comment 4 min read Test Your Tests: Does Your Crisis Simulation Match Reality? CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems Follow Jan 7 Test Your Tests: Does Your Crisis Simulation Match Reality? # testing # a11y # healthcare # react Comments Add Comment 10 min read loading... trending guides/resources I built my own S3 for $5/mo Shared Hosting (because no one else did) Updating to Jest 30 is Frustrating (it's JSDOM) Unit Tests: The Greatest Lie We Tell Ourselves? 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https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/developer/environment-variables-with-net-core-and-elastic-beanstalk | Environment Variables with .NET Core and Elastic Beanstalk | AWS Developer Tools Blog Skip to Main Content Filter: All English Contact us AWS Marketplace Support My account Search Filter: All Sign in to console Create account AWS Blogs Home Blogs Editions AWS Developer Tools Blog Environment Variables with .NET Core and Elastic Beanstalk by Norm Johanson on 30 JUN 2020 in .NET , AWS Elastic Beanstalk Permalink Share Along with Elastic Beanstalk’s recent release of adding Linux support for .NET Core, the Beanstalk team has also been working to standardize the support for environment variables across both the Linux and Windows .NET Core Beanstalk platforms. This means using the latest platform version for either the Linux or Windows, you can set environment variables on the Beanstalk environment. The applications that have been deployed to the environment will be able to access the new values without redeploying the application. Setting Environment Variables Environment variables can be set in the AWS management console under the configuration section of your environment. Environment variables can also be set using any of the AWS SDKs, CLI or PowerShell. Below is an example using the AWS.Tools.ElasticBeanstalk PowerShell module for setting the same environment variables as seen in the console above. $env1 = New-Object Amazon.ElasticBeanstalk.Model.ConfigurationOptionSetting $env1.Namespace = "aws:elasticbeanstalk:application:environment" $env1.OptionName = "EnvName1" $env1.Value = "EnvValue1" $env2 = New-Object Amazon.ElasticBeanstalk.Model.ConfigurationOptionSetting $env2.Namespace = "aws:elasticbeanstalk:application:environment" $env2.OptionName = "EnvName2" $env2.Value = "EnvValue2" $connectionStringEnv = New-Object Amazon.ElasticBeanstalk.Model.ConfigurationOptionSetting $connectionStringEnv.Namespace = "aws:elasticbeanstalk:application:environment" $connectionStringEnv.OptionName = "ConnectionStrings__Default" $connectionStringEnv.Value = "this_is_my_conn_string" Update-EBEnvironment -Region us-west-2 -ApplicationName "EnvTest" -EnvironmentName "EnvTest-dev" -OptionSetting @($env1, $env2, $connectionStringEnv) Access environment variables through IConfiguration .NET Core applications typically use the IConfiguration interface to access configuration values. IConfiguration pulls the config information from a variety of sources like appsettings.json and environment variables. In the example above for setting environment variables the default connection string environment variable had __ (double underscores) in the name. This is the convention that .NET Core uses to create nested configuration values inside .NET Core’s IConfiguration framework. In my case I want to set the Default value in the ConnectionString section of IConfiguration. In appsettings.json this would be a nested JSON object but for environment variables the nesting is represented by using the __ token. Conclusion Environment variable support is available with the new Linux .NET Core platform released last week and with version 2.5.7 of the Windows .NET platform released on June 29, 2020. For more information about these platforms check out the Elastic Beanstalk developer guide . –Norm TAGS: .NET , ASPNETCore Norm Johanson Norm Johanson has been a software developer for more than 25 years developing all types of applications. Since 2010 he has been working for AWS focusing on the .NET developer experience at AWS. You can find him on Twitter @socketnorm and GitHub @normj. Resources Developer Resources & Community Open Source Repos Twitch Live Coding Labs on Github Follow Instagram Reddit Twitter Facebook LinkedIn Twitch Email Updates {"data":{"items":[{"fields":{"footer":"{\n \"createAccountButtonLabel\": \"Create an AWS account\",\n \"createAccountButtonURL\": \"https://portal.aws.amazon.com/gp/aws/developer/registration/index.html?nc1=f_ct&src=footer_signup\",\n \"backToTopText\": \"Back to top\",\n \"eoeText\": \"Amazon is an Equal Opportunity Employer: Minority / Women / Disability / Veteran / Gender Identity / Sexual Orientation / Age.\",\n \"copyrightText\": \"© 2025, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.\",\n \"items\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"Learn\",\n \"linkURL\": \"\",\n \"items\": [\n {\n \"heading\": \"What Is AWS?\",\n \"linkURL\": \"/what-is-aws/?nc1=f_cc\"\n },\n {\n \"heading\": \"What Is Cloud Computing?\",\n \"linkURL\": \"/what-is-cloud-computing/?nc1=f_cc\"\n },\n {\n \"heading\": \"What Is Agentic AI?\",\n \"linkURL\": \"/what-is/agentic-ai/?nc1=f_cc\"\n },\n {\n | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://dev.to/mwolfhoffman/supabase-vs-firebase-pricing-and-when-to-use-which-5hhp#pricing | Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Michael Wolf Hoffman Posted on Jan 22, 2022 Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which # sql # webdev # firebase # database Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which Supabase recently appeared on the scene as an attempt to be an open source alternative to Firebase. It's a great product and I've used it in many projects already. I've written about it here and here . The main difference between Supabase vs Firebase is that Supabase is a SQL database that utilized postgres and Firebase uses a NoSQL document data store. On my current side project I recently replaced Supabase for Firebase. I'll get into why and some of the pricing differences to consider. Consideration for Supabase vs Firebase Firebase has more features, for now For one, Firebase has been around much longer than Supabase and thus has more features. You can host your app on Firebase, you can also write cloud functions. (Currently I believe Supabase has cloud functions in beta). Both have great options for objects storage, authentication, and most things you will need as a backend as a service product. Also, while Supabase is not yet a perfect 1:1 mapping of Firebase, they do seem to be very quickly puting out new features to more closely match Firebase's offerings. SQL vs NoSQL This is a big one that I've been considering more. I enjoy relational data and my brain allows me to think about the relationships that SQL allows better than NoSQL document or key/value stores. I've been doing more of a deep dive into NoSQL and learning about how to structure data with it lately. With my research, I have decided that for small side projects and MVPs, I will be going with Firebase over Supabase if I truly don't need my data to be relational. NoSQL (firebase) can often be structured in a way that is more efficient than SQL. There are drawbacks however. Because you can't write complex queries and joins, you do have to consider how you might want to query your data in the future. This can be a difficult task. Once you have correctly anticipated the queries your application will need in the future, you actually duplicate that data into another document or collection in the NoSQL data store. Of course, now you have multiple places to update data too! This sounds like a headache, but with some practice it's actually pretty easy to catch on fast. After learning some more about how to structure documents in a NoSQL datastore, this performance and scalability is why I have decided that I will typically use Firebase over Supabase. The other reason is price. Pricing Another consideration for the Supabase vs Firebase debate is pricing. Both services offer a generous free tier. But what makes pricing considerations difficult is that scalability always has to be kept in mind. First, let's go over what each service offers for free in terms of a database and authentication (the two most used services by each) per month. Supabase: You get 3 free projects. You get 500 MB of storage. You get 10,000 users through their authentication service. Firebase: You get unlimited free projects. You get 1 GB of storage. You get 10,000 users through their authentication service. Firebase does charge for ingress and egress too. So you get 20,000 free writes per day and 50,000 free reads per day. Which to choose Ultimately, when I think about how my projects are going to scale (if they ever needed to) and what I am going to use them for, often NoSQL is just fine for my use cases and I get a better deal with Firebase. This is because my projects don't often scale to over 20,000 writes per day or 50,000 reads per day. And even if they do, the price is comparable with Supabase's next tier. This decision allows me to save my limited supabase free projects for when I really need a relational database. Top comments (6) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Rashim Narayan Tiku Rashim Narayan Tiku Rashim Narayan Tiku Follow Joined Jan 21, 2023 • Apr 4 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You haven't added the biggest price factor for Supabase which is "Bandwidth" and "DB scalability". "Bandwidth": You won't run out of MAUs or DB storage, but you would easily cross the 5gb bandwidth mark, after which 25$ plan is your only option. "DB scalability": Free tier gives you micro DB which has very less concurrent connections allowed, scaling it again will cost you paid plan + extra compute costs. Supabase have very smartly advertised to bring in customers, but you realize after you get in that "there's no such thing as a free lunch". Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand shaoyanji shaoyanji shaoyanji Follow Joined Mar 19, 2024 • Apr 21 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide pssssst....pocketbase Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nicolò Curioni Nicolò Curioni Nicolò Curioni Follow I’m an Italian iOS developer. Education Tradate (VA), Italy Work Full time iOS developer Joined Apr 14, 2022 • Apr 14 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, interesting post, but I have a question, I’m developing a diary app, for iOS/iPadOS and also macOS/watchOS, but I’m uncertain if use Firebase or Supabase. My app let the end user’s to edit the note content, with textView text styles, like different colors, fonts, formats and also add images inside the text, but, can I use Firebase or Supabase? Have you some advice’s? Thanks, Nicolò Curioni iOS Developer Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Matthew Harris Matthew Harris Matthew Harris Follow Aspiring Ionic app developer Location Digital Nomad Work Developer at Self Employed Joined Jul 9, 2019 • Sep 3 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes you can store both easily. There is a limitation with the nosql firebase that each record can be a maximum of 1mb (I think thats the limit). That is a ton of text to allow per note but its worth considering. You can also split a document over multiple records with a bit of creative coding, if you do need to go beyond those extreme limits. If you want to learn more about strategies for nosql I would recommend looking up Fireship on YouTube who has some good videos. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand neonitus neonitus neonitus Follow Joined Aug 20, 2023 • Aug 20 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, Thanks for the post. I however have a question about authentication. If my app uses social authentication, firebase offers only 50k MAU while the pro plan for Supabase offers 100K MAUs. Would you then prefer to use Supabase Auth and Firestore DB? How would you approach this problem where you are going to have a lot of users using the app(+100,000 per month) and you want the power of RDBMS because you want to build an analytical platform for your app and app transactions? Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand codingjlu codingjlu codingjlu Follow Joined Jun 15, 2021 • May 29 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for the great article! I was searching this on Google because I wanted to see the pricing comparison, and you've covered that just well. Thanks again! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Location Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Work Software Engineer Joined Apr 30, 2020 More from Michael Wolf Hoffman Where to Publish Plugins, Add-ons, and Extensions for Software Engineers and Entrepreneurs # webdev # startup # saas # career How to Use React + Supabase Pt 2: Working with the Database # react # webdev # javascript # programming How To Use React + Supabase Pt 1: Setting Up a Project and Supabase Authentication # react # webdev # javascript # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/alexsergey/css-modules-vs-css-in-js-who-wins-3n25#main-content | CSS Modules vs CSS-in-JS. Who wins? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Sergey Posted on Mar 11, 2021 CSS Modules vs CSS-in-JS. Who wins? # webdev # css # javascript # react Introduction In modern React application development, there are many approaches to organizing application styles. One of the popular ways of such an organization is the CSS-in-JS approach (in the article we will use styled-components as the most popular solution) and CSS Modules. In this article, we will try to answer the question: which is better CSS-in-JS or CSS Modules ? So let's get back to basics. When a web page was primarily set for storing textual documentation and didn't include user interactions, properties were introduced to style the content. Over time, the web became more and more popular, sites got bigger, and it became necessary to reuse styles. For these purposes, CSS was invented. Cascading Style Sheets. Cascading plays a very important role in this name. We write styles that lay like a waterfall over the hollows of our document, filling it with colors and highlighting important elements. Time passed, the web became more and more complex, and we are facing the fact that the styles cascade turned into a problem for us. Distributed teams, working on their parts of the system, combining them into reusable modules, assemble an application from pieces, like Dr. Frankenstein, stitching styles into one large canvas, can get the sudden result... Due to the cascade, the styles of module 1 can affect the display of module 3, and module 4 can make changes to the global styles and change the entire display of the application in general. Developers have started to think of solving this problem. Style naming conventions were created to avoid overlaps, such as Yandex's BEM or Atomic CSS. The idea is clear, we operate with names in order to get predictability, but at the same time to prevent repetitions. These approaches were crashed of the rocks of the human factor. Anyway, we have no guarantee that the developer from team A won't use the name from team C. The naming problem can only be solved by assigning a random name to the CSS class. Thus, we get a completely independent CSS set of styles that will be applied to a specific HTML block and we understand for sure that the rest of the system won't be affected in any way. And then 2 approaches came onto the stage to organize our CSS: CSS Modules and CSS-in-JS . Under the hood, having a different technical implementation, and in fact solving the problem of atomicity, reusability, and avoiding side effects when writing CSS. Technically, CSS Modules transforms style names using a hash-based on the filename, path, style name. Styled-components handles styles in JS runtime, adding them as they go to the head HTML section (<head>). Approaches overview Let's see which approach is more optimal for writing a modern web application! Let's imagine we have a basic React application: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import ' ./App.css ' ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < div className = "title" > React application title </ div > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode CSS styles of this application: .title { padding : 20px ; background-color : #222 ; text-align : center ; color : white ; font-size : 1.5em ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The dependencies are React 16.14 , react-dom 16.14 Let's try to build this application using webpack using all production optimizations. we've got uglified JS - 129kb separated and minified CSS - 133 bytes The same code in CSS Modules will look like this: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import styles from ' ./App.module.css ' ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < div className = { styles . title } > React application title </ div > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode uglified JS - 129kb separated and minified CSS - 151 bytes The CSS Modules version will take up a couple of bytes more due to the impossibility of compressing the long generated CSS names. Finally, let's rewrite the same code under styled-components: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import styles from ' styled-components ' ; const Title = styles . h1 ` padding: 20px; background-color: #222; text-align: center; color: white; font-size: 1.5em; ` ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < Title > React application title </ Title > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode uglified JS - 163kb CSS file is missing The more than 30kb difference between CSS Modules and CSS-in-JS (styled-components) is due to styled-components adding extra code to add styles to the <head> part of the HTML document. In this synthetic test, the CSS Modules approach wins, since the build system doesn't add something extra to implement it, except for the changed class name. Styled-components due to technical implementation, adds dependency as well as code for runtime handling and styling of <head>. Now let's take a quick look at the pros and cons of CSS-in-JS / CSS Modules. Pros and cons CSS-in-JS cons The browser won't start interpreting the styles until styled-components has parsed them and added them to the DOM, which slows down rendering. The absence of CSS files means that you cannot cache separate CSS. One of the key downsides is that most libraries don't support this approach and we still can't get rid of CSS. All native JS and jQuery plugins are written without using this approach. Not all React solutions use it. Styles integration problems. When a markup developer prepares a layout for a JS developer, we may forget to transfer something; there will also be difficulty in synchronizing a new version of layout and JS code. We can't use CSS utilities: SCSS, Less, Postcss, stylelint, etc. pros Styles can use JS logic. This reminds me of Expression in IE6, when we could wrap some logic in our styles (Hello, CSS Expressions :) ). const Title = styles . h1 ` padding: 20px; background-color: #222; text-align: center; color: white; font-size: 1.5em; ${ props => props . secondary && css ` background-color: #fff; color: #000; padding: 10px; font-size: 1em; ` } ` ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode When developing small modules, it simplifies the connection to the project, since you only need to connect the one independent JS file. It is semantically nicer to use <Title> in a React component than <h1 className={style.title}>. CSS Modules cons To describe global styles, you must use a syntax that does not belong to the CSS specification. :global ( .myclass ) { text-decoration : underline ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Integrating into a project, you need to include styles. Working with typescript, you need to automatically or manually generate interfaces. For these purposes, I use webpack loader: @teamsupercell/typings-for-css-modules-loader pros We work with regular CSS, it makes it possible to use SCSS, Less, Postcss, stylelint, and more. Also, you don't waste time on adapting the CSS to JS. No integration of styles into the code, clean code as result. Almost 100% standardized except for global styles. Conclusion So the fundamental problem with the CSS-in-JS approach is that it's not CSS! This kind of code is harder to maintain if you have a defined person in your team working on markup. Such code will be slower, due to the fact that the CSS rendered into the file is processed in parallel, and the CSS-in-JS cannot be rendered into a separate CSS file. And the last fundamental flaw is the inability to use ready-made approaches and utilities, such as SCSS, Less and Stylelint, and so on. On the other hand, the CSS-in-JS approach can be a good solution for the Frontend team who deals with both markup and JS, and develops all components from scratch. Also, CSS-in-JS will be useful for modules that integrate into other applications. In my personal opinion, the issue of CSS cascading is overrated. If we are developing a small application or site, with one team, then we are unlikely to encounter a name collision or the difficulty of reusing components. If you faced with this problem, I recommend considering CSS Modules, as, in my opinion, this is a more optimal solution for the above factors. In any case, whatever you choose, write meaningful code and don't get fooled by the hype. Hype will pass, and we all have to live with it. Have great and interesting projects, dear readers! Top comments (30) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Senior Software Engineer Work Senior Software Engineer Joined Feb 17, 2020 • Mar 12 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide One pro of CSS, the hot reload is instant when you just change CSS, with CSS in JS the project is recompiled. For CSS-in-JS I find easier to reuse that code in a React Native project. My personal conclusion is that we are constantly trying to avoid CSS but at the end of the day, CSS will stay here forever. Great article btw! Like comment: Like comment: 25 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GreggHume GreggHume GreggHume Follow A developer who works with and on some of the worlds leading brands. My company is called Cold Brew Studios, see you out there :) Joined Mar 10, 2021 • Mar 9 '22 • Edited on Mar 9 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I ran into issues with css modules that styled components seemed to solve. But i ran into issues with styled components that I wouldn't have had with plain scss. So some things to think about: Styled components is a lot more overhead because all the styled components need to be complied into stylesheets and mounted to the head by javascript which is a blocking language. On SSR styled components get compiled into a ServerStyleSheet that then hydrate the react dom tree in the browser via the context api. So even then the mounting of styles only happens in the browser but the parsing of styles happens on the server - that is still a performance penalty and will slow down the page load. In some cases I had no issues with styled components but as my site grew and in complex cases I couldn't help but feel like it was slower, or didn't load as smoothly... and in a world where every second matters, this was a problem for me. Here is an article doing benchmarks on CSS vs CSS in JS: pustelto.com/blog/css-vs-css-in-js... I use nextjs, it is a pity they do not support component level css and we are forced to use css modules or styled components... where as with Nuxt component level scss is part of the package and you have the option on how you want the sites css to bundled - all in one file, split into their own files and some other nifty options. I hope nextjs sharped up on this. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Follow 🕊 Location Lagos, Nigeria Work Software Developer Joined Feb 18, 2021 • Jun 22 '22 • Edited on Jun 22 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide A big tip that might help. Why not use SCSS and unique classNames: For example create a unique container className (name of the component) and nest all the other classNames under that unique container className. .home-page-guest { .nav {} .main {} .footer {} } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode < div className = " home-page-guest " > < div className = " nav " /> < div className = " main " /> < div className = " footer " /> < /div > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I bet you did Greg Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Hank Queston Hank Queston Hank Queston Follow Work CTO at Bonfire Joined May 25, 2021 • May 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I agreed, CSS Modules make a lot more sense to me over Styled Components, always have! Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Comment deleted Collapse Expand Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Apr 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide @Petar Kokev If something I learned from this years of working with React and other projects is that the correct library for project isn't the correct library for another. So the mos important think that we need to do is select the tools, libraries and technologies that fit better to the current project. In this case you can't use Styled-components on sites that require a good SEO, becouse the mos important think here is the SEO and you cant sacrify it. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand thedev1232 thedev1232 thedev1232 Follow tech enthusiast - code to the nuts Location sanjose Work Senior dev Manager at self Joined Oct 26, 2020 • Mar 31 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide How about having to deal with libraries like Material UI with next js? I have an issue to decide whether to use just makeStyles function or should we use styled components? My main concern is code longevity and maintenance without any issues Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Will Farley Will Farley Will Farley Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Jan 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide My big issues with styled components is they are deeply coupled with your code. I've opted to use emotion's css utility exclusively and instructed my team to avoid using any of the styled component features. We've loved it but this was a few years ago. For newer projects I'm going with the css modules design. Also why does anyone care about sass anymore? With css variables and the css nesting module in the specification, you get the best parts of sass with vanilla css. The other features are just overkill for a css-module that should represent a single react component and thus nothing :global . Complicated sass directives and stuff are just overkill. Turn it into a react component and don't make any crazy css systems. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Follow 🕊 Location Lagos, Nigeria Work Software Developer Joined Feb 18, 2021 • Mar 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Same I was trying to revamp my personal site, I discovered that I would have to rewrite alot of things, and then I later gave up. I would advice css modules are the way to go, and it greatly helps with SEO. And in teams using SC, naming becomes an issue because some people don't know how to name components and you have to scroll around, just to check if a component is a h1 tag 🤮 CACHEing I can't stress this enough, for enterprise in-house apps it doesn't really matter, but for everyday consumer-essentric apps CACHEing should not be overlooked Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Matty Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Will Farley Will Farley Will Farley Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Jan 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You can still have a top-level css file that isn't a css module for global stuff Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Petar Kolev Petar Kolev Petar Kolev Follow Senior Software Engineer with React && TypeScript Location Bulgaria Work Senior Software Engineer @ alkem.io Joined Nov 27, 2019 • Sep 10 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It is not true that with styled-components one can't use scss syntax, etc. styled-components supports it. Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eduard Eduard Eduard Follow Taxation is robbery Joined Oct 25, 2019 • Mar 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide How about css-in-js frameworks like material-ua, chakra-ui and others? In my opinion, they dramatically speed up development. Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Apr 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide In my personal opinion I see Styled Components more for a Single Page Aplications where the SEO isn't important and is unecessary to cache css files. In the case of static web site or a site that must have a good SEO the Module-Css is better. @greggcbs My recomendation is to use code splitting if you have problem with the performans when you use Styled-Components in your project, in order to avoid brign all code in the first load of the site. Good article @sergey Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Jess Rodriguez celly Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gass Gass Gass Follow hi there 👋 Email g.szada@gmail.com Location Budapest, Hungary Education engineering Work software developer @ itemis Joined Dec 25, 2021 • Apr 25 '22 • Edited on Apr 25 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good post. I've been using CSS modules for a short time now and I like it. Allows everything to be nicely compartmentalized. I also like that it gives more freedom to name classes in smaller chunks of CSS code. Instead of using it like so: {styles.my_class} I preffer {s.my_class} makes the code looks nicer and more concise. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mario Iliev Mario Iliev Mario Iliev Follow Joined Jun 14, 2023 • Jun 14 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I'm sorry but it seems that you don't have much experience with Styled Components. "And the last fundamental flaw is the inability to use ready-made approaches and utilities, such as SCSS, Less and Stylelint, and so on." Not a single thing here is true. SCSS is the original syntax of the package, you can use Stylelint as well. There are a lot more "pros" which are not listed here. By working with JS you are opened to another world. I'll list some more "pros" from the top of my head: consume and validate your theme colors as pure JS object consume state/props and create dynamic CSS out of it you have plugins which can be a live savers in cases like RTL (right to left orientation). Whoever had to support an app/website with RTL will be magically saved by this plugin. You can create custom plugins to fix various problems, or make your own linting in your team project. you don't think about CSS class names and collision. I prefer to be focused on thinking about variable names in my JS only and not spending effort in the CSS as well when you break your visual habits you will realise that's it's easier to have your CSS in your JS file just the way you got used to have your HTML in your JS file (React) In these days CSS has become a monster. You have inheritance, mixins, variables, IF statements, loops etc. Sure they can be useful somewhere but I'm pretty sure that most of you just need to center that div. So in my personal opinion we should strive to keep CSS as simpler as possible (as with everything actually) and I think that Styled Components are kind of pushing you to do exactly that. Don't re-use CSS, re-use components! The only global things you should have are probably just the color theme and animations. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Annie-Huang Annie-Huang Annie-Huang Follow Joined Mar 14, 2021 • Feb 16 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Couldn't agree more on the last two bullet points~~ Like comment: Like comment: Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand DrBeehre DrBeehre DrBeehre Follow Location New Zealand Work Software Engineer at Self-Employed Joined Nov 10, 2020 • Mar 14 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is awesome! I'm quite new to Web dev in particular and when starting a new project, I've often wondered which approach is better as I could see pros and cons to both, but I never found the time to dig in. Thanks for pulling all this together into a concise blog post! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (30 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Sergey Follow Joined Nov 18, 2020 More from Sergey Mastering the Dependency Inversion Principle: Best Practices for Clean Code with DI # webdev # javascript # typescript # programming Rockpack 2.0 Official Release # react # javascript # webdev # showdev Project Structure. Repository and folders. Review of approaches. # javascript # react # webdev # codenewbie 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://dev.to/bobur/agent-knowledge-vs-memories-understanding-the-difference-4pgj#comments | Agent Knowledge vs Memories: Understanding the Difference - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Bobur Umurzokov Posted on Jan 9 • Originally published at chatmemory.ai Agent Knowledge vs Memories: Understanding the Difference # programming # webdev # ai # productivity Most developers are still confused about what "memory" means in AI and why they should use it. Or they keep asking: what’s the difference between knowledge and memory? How to use them together? Many of them treat memory as just cached conversations. Others try to build their own version by storing data in files. Knowledge and memories serve very different purposes inside an AI agent. When you clearly separate them and design for each intentionally, your agent stops behaving like a scripted chatbot, saves up to 80% LLM tokens, and starts acting like a helpful assistant that actually remembers customers. Knowledge: Your Agent's Reference Library Think of it as your agent’s reference library. Every customer reads from the same book, and that consistency is what makes your agent reliable. Knowledge is everything that is true for all customers, regardless of who is asking. It represents your business facts: documentation, pricing, policies, shipping rules, FAQs, API references, and internal procedures. Knowledge is stable. It changes only when your business changes, not when the customer changes. When a customer asks about shipping rates, the agent doesn’t need personal context. It simply retrieves the correct information from the knowledge base and responds. The answer should be identical for every customer, every time. This consistency is the strength of knowledge. If it’s wrong, your agent confidently gives incorrect answers. If it’s missing, your agent starts guessing. That’s why knowledge must be curated and maintained carefully. Knowledge Characteristics Static & Structured: Contains business information that doesn't change frequently—product catalogs, FAQs, policies, procedures Universally Shared: All customers access the same knowledge base—what's true for one customer is true for all Manually Curated: You upload, organize, and maintain this content based on what your business offers Purpose: Provides accurate, consistent answers grounded in your business reality Real-World Knowledge Example Customer: "What are your shipping rates to Canada?" Agent: [Searches knowledge base] "We offer three shipping options to Canada: Standard (5-7 days) for $12.99, Express (2-3 days) for $24.99, and Overnight for $49.99. Free shipping on orders over $150." Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The agent pulled this directly from your knowledge base, the same answer every customer gets, because it's factual business information. Memories: Your Agent's Personal Journal for Each Customer Memories are the opposite of knowledge. They are personal, dynamic, and unique to each customer. Memory captures things like preferences, past purchases, previous issues, and important details the customer has already shared. Memory answers a different question: what do we already know about this person? If a customer says they prefer blue sneakers in size 10, that information should never live in your knowledge base. It belongs in memory, scoped only to that customer. When the same customer comes back weeks later on a different channel the agent can continue the conversation naturally without asking again. This is what prevents the “AI amnesia” problem. Without memory, every interaction resets. Customers repeat themselves. Context disappears. Trust erodes. Memory Characteristics Dynamic & Personal: Captures conversation history, preferences, past issues, and context specific to each customer Individually Isolated: Each customer has their own memory space—what Sarah said never shows up in John's context Automatically Captured: AI extracts and stores important details from conversations without manual work Cross-Channel: Follows customers across WhatsApp, Telegram, web chat—one continuous memory Purpose: Enables personalized, context-aware interactions that feel natural and continuous Real-World Memory Example Week 1 - WhatsApp: Customer: "I need sneakers, size 10, prefer blue colors" Agent: [Stores: prefers blue, size 10, interested in sneakers] Week 3 - Telegram (same customer, different channel): Customer: "Do you have new arrivals?" Agent: "Yes! We just got new blue sneakers in size 10—based on your previous interest, you might love our Nike Runner collection. Want to see them?" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Notice how the agent remembered the customer's preferences across different channels and weeks. This is the power of memories. It's personal, persistent, and creates a seamless experience. AI memory for customer support chats Stop making customers repeat themselves. Add memory so AI remembers, learns, and supports like a human. 🔗 https://www.chatmemory.ai How Agent Knowledge and Memory Work Together The best AI agents don’t choose between knowledge or memory. They use both, in sequence. First, the agent checks memory to understand who it’s talking to and what context already exists. Then it checks knowledge to ensure the response follows business rules and factual accuracy. The final answer combines both into a response that is correct and personal. For example, when a customer asks to return an order, memory tells the agent which order the customer placed and when. Knowledge tells the agent what the return policy allows. The response feels helpful because it references the specific order while correctly applying company rules. Customer: "I want to return my order" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Agent's Process: Check Memory: "This is Sarah, she ordered blue sneakers (order #1234) 2 weeks ago via WhatsApp" Check Knowledge: "Return policy allows 30 days, need receipt, items must be unworn" Combine: Personalized response with accurate policy Agent: "Hi Sarah! I can help with returning your blue sneakers (Order #1234). Our 30-day return policy applies. Since you ordered 2 weeks ago, you're well within the window. Just make sure they're unworn. Would you like me to generate a return label?" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode See the difference? The agent combined knowledge (return policy details) with memories (Sarah's specific order, timeline, and preferences) to create a response that's both accurate and personal. Why Mixing Knowledge and Memory Breaks AI Agents Many teams make the mistake of storing personal conversations inside their knowledge base or passing entire chat histories with every request. This causes multiple problems at once. Answers become noisy because personal data pollutes shared facts. Token usage explodes because the agent is constantly reprocessing irrelevant context. Privacy becomes harder to manage because personal data is mixed with permanent knowledge. A clean separation fixes all of this. Knowledge stays global and stable. Memory stays personal and contextual. The agent retrieves only what it needs, when it needs it. Knowledge vs Memories: Side-by-Side Comparison Aspect Knowledge Memories Content Type Business facts & information Personal history & preferences Who Has Access All customers (shared) Individual customer only How It's Created Manually uploaded by you Auto-captured from conversations Update Frequency Rarely (when business changes) Constantly (every conversation) Persistence Permanent until you change it Configurable retention (7-90+ days) Primary Purpose Provide accurate answers Enable personalization Example Content Product specs, pricing, policies Order history, preferences, past issues When to Use What Use Knowledge For: Product catalogs and specifications Company policies and procedures FAQs and troubleshooting guides Pricing and shipping information Training materials and best practices Use Memories For: Customer purchase history Personal preferences and interests Past support issues and resolutions Communication preferences Conversation context and continuity How to Build It the Right Way Start with Knowledge: Upload your docs, APIs, FAQs. Make sure your agent can answer factual questions accurately and consistently. Add Memory: Turn on automatic context capture. Let it learn about each user over time. Set Retention: Decide how long to keep memories. 7 days? 90 days? Forever? Depends on your use case. Watch and Adjust: See what questions come up repeatedly. Add them to knowledge. See what context matters. Make sure memory captures it. Enable Memory Capture: Configure your agent to automatically extract and store customer-specific context Set Retention Policies: Decide how long to keep memories based on your business needs and compliance requirements Monitor & Refine: Watch how your agent uses both systems and adjust your knowledge content based on common questions Ready to Build Smarter Agents? ChatMemory gives you both. Knowledge bases and automatic memory capture. Works across WhatsApp, Telegram, web chat, wherever your users are. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Bobur Umurzokov Follow Developer Advocate | Software Engineer | Speaker | Microsoft MVP Location Tallinn, Estonia Education Politecnico di Torino Pronouns He/His Work Developer Advocate Joined Dec 29, 2021 More from Bobur Umurzokov RAG vs Memory for AI Agents: What’s the Difference # programming # ai # agents # python AutoGen Multi-agent Conversations Memory # programming # ai # python # tutorial Why Use SQL Databases for AI Agent Memory # programming # sql # database # ai 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://github.com/features/copilot?locale=es | GitHub Copilot · Your AI pair programmer · GitHub Skip to content Navigation Menu Toggle navigation Sign in Platform AI CODE CREATION GitHub Copilot Write better code with AI GitHub Spark Build and deploy intelligent apps GitHub Models Manage and compare prompts MCP Registry New Integrate external tools DEVELOPER WORKFLOWS Actions Automate any workflow Codespaces Instant dev environments Issues Plan and track work Code Review Manage code changes APPLICATION SECURITY GitHub Advanced Security Find and fix vulnerabilities Code security Secure your code as you build Secret protection Stop leaks before they start EXPLORE Why GitHub Documentation Blog Changelog Marketplace View all features Solutions BY COMPANY SIZE Enterprises Small and medium teams Startups Nonprofits BY USE CASE App Modernization DevSecOps DevOps CI/CD View all use cases BY INDUSTRY Healthcare Financial services Manufacturing Government View all industries View all solutions Resources EXPLORE BY TOPIC AI Software Development DevOps Security View all topics EXPLORE BY TYPE Customer stories Events & webinars Ebooks & reports Business insights GitHub Skills SUPPORT & SERVICES Documentation Customer support Community forum Trust center Partners Open Source COMMUNITY GitHub Sponsors Fund open source developers PROGRAMS Security Lab Maintainer Community Accelerator Archive Program REPOSITORIES Topics Trending Collections Enterprise ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS Enterprise platform AI-powered developer platform AVAILABLE ADD-ONS GitHub Advanced Security Enterprise-grade security features Copilot for Business Enterprise-grade AI features Premium Support Enterprise-grade 24/7 support Pricing Search or jump to... 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Get started for free See plans & pricing Pause Companies using Copilot Coyote Logistics Duolingo General Motors Mercado Libre Shopify Stripe CocaCola Coyote Logistics Duolingo General Motors Mercado Libre Shopify Stripe CocaCola Go beyond one-size-fits-all Choose from leading LLMs optimized for speed, accuracy, or cost. Use your agents, your way Use GitHub Copilot, your own custom agents, or the third-party ones you already rely on. Stay in your flow Copilot works where you do—in GitHub, your IDE, project tools, chat apps, and custom MCP servers. Workflow Code, command, and collaborate AI that works where you do, whether in your editor, on the command line, or across GitHub. Make your editor your most powerful accelerator Copilot in your editor does it all, from explaining concepts and completing code, to proposing edits and validating files with agent mode. Explore Copilot in the IDE Ship faster with AI that codes with you Assign issues directly to Copilot and let it autonomously write code, create pull requests, and respond to feedback in the background. Explore Copilot coding agent Bring AI to your terminal workflow Direct Copilot in the terminal using natural language and watch it plan, build, and execute complex workflows powered by your GitHub context. Explore GitHub Copilot CLI Grupo Boticário increases developer productivity by 94% with Copilot Read customer story Tailor-made for your organization Shape Copilot to your business needs. Customize what it knows, how it acts, and where it connects. Turn Copilot into a project expert Scale knowledge and keep teams consistent by creating a shared source of truth that includes context from your docs and repositories. Try Copilot Spaces Manage agent usage with enterprise-grade controls Track activity with detailed audit logs and enforce governance by managing agents from a single control plane. Read the docs Secure your MCP integrations Control which MCP servers developers can access from their IDEs, and use allow lists to prevent unauthorized access. Read the docs Plans Take flight with GitHub Copilot For individuals For businesses Free A fast way to get started with GitHub Copilot. $ 0 USD Get started Open in VS Code What's included: 50 agent mode or chat requests per month 2,000 completions per month Access to Haiku 4.5, GPT-4.1, and more Pro Most popular Accelerate workflows with GitHub Copilot. $ 10 USD per month or $100 per year Try for 30 days free Everything in Free and: Coding agent Unlimited agent mode and chats with GPT-5 mini Unlimited code completions Access to models from Anthropic, Google, OpenAI, and more 300 premium requests to use latest models, with the option to buy more Free for verified students, teachers, and maintainers of popular open source projects. Learn more Pro+ Scale with agents and more models. $ 39 USD per month or $390 per year Get started Everything in Pro and: Access to all models, including Claude Opus 4.1 and more 5x more premium requests than Pro to use the latest models, with the option to buy more Access to GitHub Spark Codex IDE extension support in VS Code GitHub Copilot is available on your favorite platforms: GitHub GitHub VS Code VS Code Visual Studio Visual Studio Xcode Xcode JetBrains IDEs JetBrains IDEs Neovim Neovim Azure Data Studio Azure Data Studio Eclipse Eclipse Raycast Raycast Compare all plan features Get the most out of GitHub Copilot Preview the latest features Be the first to explore what’s next for GitHub Copilot. See previews Explore the GitHub Blog Discover the latest in software development with insights, best practices, and more. Read Blog Visit the GitHub Copilot Trust Center Gain peace of mind with our security, privacy, and responsible AI policies. Go to Trust Center Frequently asked questions General What is GitHub Copilot? GitHub Copilot transforms the developer experience. Backed by the leaders in AI, GitHub Copilot provides contextualized assistance throughout the software development lifecycle, from code completions and chat assistance in the IDE to code explanations and answers to docs in GitHub and more. With GitHub Copilot elevating their workflow, developers can focus on: value, innovation, and happiness. GitHub Copilot enables developers to focus more energy on problem solving and collaboration and spend less effort on the mundane and boilerplate. That’s why developers who use GitHub Copilot report up to 75% higher satisfaction with their jobs than those who don’t and are up to 55% more productive at writing code without sacrifice to quality, which all adds up to engaged developers shipping great software faster. GitHub Copilot integrates with leading editors, including Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, JetBrains IDEs, and Neovim, and, unlike other AI coding assistants, is natively built into GitHub. Growing to millions of individual users and tens of thousands of business customers, GitHub Copilot is the world’s most widely adopted AI developer tool and the competitive advantage developers ask for by name. Who is eligible to access GitHub Copilot for free? GitHub Copilot Free is a new free pricing tier with limited functionality for individual developers. Users assigned a Copilot Business or Copilot Enterprise seat are not eligible for access. Users with access to Copilot Pro through a paid subscription, trial, or through an existing verified OSS, student, faculty, or MVP account may elect to use Free instead. What languages, IDEs, and platforms does GitHub Copilot support? GitHub Copilot is trained on all languages that appear in public repositories. For each language, the quality of suggestions you receive may depend on the volume and diversity of training data for that language. For example, JavaScript is well-represented in public repositories and is one of GitHub Copilot’s best supported languages. Languages with less representation in public repositories may produce fewer or less robust suggestions. GitHub Copilot is available as an extension in Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, Vim, Neovim, the JetBrains suite of IDEs, and Azure Data Studio. Although code completion functionality is available across all these extensions, chat functionality is currently available only in Visual Studio Code, JetBrains, and Visual Studio. GitHub Copilot is also supported in terminals through GitHub CLI and as a chat integration in Windows Terminal Canary. With the GitHub Copilot Enterprise plan, GitHub Copilot is natively integrated into GitHub.com. All plans are supported in GitHub Copilot in GitHub Mobile. GitHub Mobile for Copilot Pro and Copilot Business have access to Bing and public repository code search. Copilot Enterprise in GitHub Mobile gives you additional access to your organization's knowledge. Does GitHub Copilot “copy/paste”? No, GitHub Copilot generates suggestions using probabilistic determination. When thinking about intellectual property and open source issues, it is critical to understand how GitHub Copilot really works. The AI models that create GitHub Copilot’s suggestions may be trained on public code, but do not contain any code. When they generate a suggestion, they are not “copying and pasting” from any codebase. To generate a code suggestion, the GitHub Copilot extension begins by examining the code in your editor—focusing on the lines just before and after your cursor, but also information including other files open in your editor and the URLs of repositories or file paths to identify relevant context. That information is sent to GitHub Copilot’s model, to make a probabilistic determination of what is likely to come next and generate suggestions. To generate a suggestion for chat in the code editor, the GitHub Copilot extension creates a contextual prompt by combining your prompt with additional context including the code file open in your active document, your code selection, and general workspace information, such as frameworks, languages, and dependencies. That information is sent to GitHub Copilot’s model, to make a probabilistic determination of what is likely to come next and generate suggestions. To generate a suggestion for chat on GitHub.com, such as providing an answer to a question from your chat prompt, GitHub Copilot creates a contextual prompt by combining your prompt with additional context including previous prompts, the open pages on GitHub.com as well as retrieved context from your codebase or Bing search. That information is sent to GitHub Copilot’s model, to make a probabilistic determination of what is likely to come next and generate suggestions. What are the differences between the GitHub Copilot Business, GitHub Copilot Enterprise, and GitHub Copilot Individual plans? GitHub Copilot has multiple offerings for organizations and an offering for individual developers. All the offerings include both code completion and chat assistance. The primary differences between the organization offerings and the individual offering are license management, policy management, and IP indemnity. Organizations can choose between GitHub Copilot Business and GitHub Copilot Enterprise. GitHub Copilot Business primarily features GitHub Copilot in the coding environment - that is the IDE, CLI and GitHub Mobile. GitHub Copilot Enterprise includes everything in GitHub Copilot Business. It also adds an additional layer of customization for organizations and integrates into GitHub.com as a chat interface to allow developers to converse with GitHub Copilot throughout the platform. GitHub Copilot Enterprise can index an organization’s codebase for a deeper understanding of the customer’s knowledge for more tailored suggestions and will offer customers access to fine-tuned custom, private models for code completion. GitHub Copilot Individual is designed for individual developers, freelancers, students, educators, and open source maintainers. The plan includes all the features of GitHub Copilot Business except organizational license management, policy management, and IP indemnity. What data has GitHub Copilot been trained on? GitHub Copilot is powered by generative AI models developed by GitHub, OpenAI, and Microsoft. It has been trained on natural language text and source code from publicly available sources, including code in public repositories on GitHub. Which plan includes GitHub Copilot Autofix? GitHub Copilot Autofix provides contextual explanations and code suggestions to help developers fix vulnerabilities in code, and is included in GitHub Advanced Security . What if I do not want GitHub Copilot? GitHub Copilot is entirely optional and requires you to opt in before gaining access. You can easily configure its usage directly in the editor, enabling or disabling it at any time. Additionally, you have control over which file types GitHub Copilot is active for. How do I control access to GitHub Copilot in my company? Access to Copilot Business and Enterprise is managed by your GitHub Administrator. They can control access to preview features, models, and set GitHub Copilot policies for your organization. Additionally, you can use your network firewall to explicitly allow access to Copilot Business and/or block access to Copilot Pro or Free. For more details, refer to the documentation . Plans & pricing What are the differences between the Free, Pro, Business, and Enterprise plans? GitHub Copilot has multiple offerings for organizations and an offering for individual developers. All the offerings include both code completion and chat assistance. The primary differences between the organization offerings and the individual offering are license management, policy management, and IP indemnity. Organizations can choose between GitHub Copilot Business and GitHub Copilot Enterprise. GitHub Copilot Business primarily features GitHub Copilot in the coding environment - that is the IDE, CLI and GitHub Mobile. GitHub Copilot Enterprise includes everything in GitHub Copilot Business. It also adds an additional layer of customization for organizations and integrates into GitHub.com as a chat interface to allow developers to converse with Copilot throughout the platform. GitHub Copilot Enterprise can index an organization’s codebase for a deeper understanding of the customer’s knowledge for more tailored suggestions and will offer customers access to fine-tuned custom, private models for code completion. GitHub Copilot Pro is designed for individual developers, freelancers, students, educators, and open source maintainers. The plan includes all the features of GitHub Copilot Business except organizational license management, policy management, and IP indemnity. How can I upgrade my GitHub Copilot Free license to Copilot Pro? If you're on the Free plan, you can upgrade to Pro through your Copilot settings page or directly on the Copilot marketing page . What is included in GitHub Copilot Free? GitHub Copilot Free users are limited to 2000 completions and 50 chat requests (including Copilot Edits). Which plan includes GitHub Copilot Autofix? GitHub Copilot Autofix provides contextual explanations and code suggestions to help developers fix vulnerabilities in code, and is included in GitHub Advanced Security and available to all public repositories. Can users in my organization use Copilot code reviews for their pull requests if they don’t have a Copilot license? Organizations can now enable Copilot code review on all pull requests on github.com—including pull requests from users who are not assigned a Copilot license . This allows you to extend the quality and rich analysis of Copilot code review to all pull requests, regardless of its author, giving you complete coverage and confidence that pull requests have been reviewed. To enable this functionality, an enterprise/org admin must first have Copilot enabled and then enabled two policies. Note : This capability is not supported for Copilot code reviews in VS Code or other IDEs. How am I billed for Copilot code review usage from users without a Copilot license? Usage from non-licensed users is billed directly to your organization as "premium requests" (PRUs) at the standard multiplier rate for Copilot code review. This flexible model allows you to get full review coverage on every PR without needing to purchase a full Copilot seat for non-development contributors who may not need Copilot. Usage from your existing licensed users simply continues to draw from their included monthly allowance as it does today. Is Copilot code review usage from users without a Copilot license enabled by default? How do I control the cost? No. This capability is off by default and gives the enterprise admin control to enable or disable. An admin must explicitly enable two separate policies to activate: ‘Premium request paid usage’ must be enabled to allow enterprises to be charged for premium requests exceeding their included usage. A new Copilot code review policy ( ‘Allow members without a Copilot license to use Copilot code review in github.com’ ) must also be enabled. We encourage admins to set up budgets to control spending on our metered products , especially customers who have not enabled the ‘Premium request paid usage’ policy in the past. You can track all premium request usage in your billing dashboard to monitor and control spending. Privacy What personal data does GitHub Copilot process? GitHub Copilot processes personal data based on how Copilot is accessed and used: whether via GitHub.com, mobile app, extensions, or one of various IDE extensions, or through features like suggestions for the command line interface (CLI), IDE code completions, or personalized chat on GitHub.com. The types of personal data processed may include: User Engagement Data: This includes pseudonymous identifiers captured on user interactions with Copilot, such as accepted or dismissed completions, error messages, system logs, and product usage metrics. Prompts: These are inputs for chat or code, along with context, sent to Copilot's AI to generate suggestions. Suggestions: These are the AI-generated code lines or chat responses provided to users based on their prompts. Feedback Data: This comprises real-time user feedback, including reactions (e.g., thumbs up/down) and optional comments, along with feedback from support tickets. Does GitHub use Copilot Business or Enterprise data to train GitHub’s model? No. GitHub does not use either Copilot Business or Enterprise data to train its models. How does GitHub use the Copilot data? How GitHub uses Copilot data depends on how the user accesses Copilot and for what purpose. Users can access GitHub Copilot through the web, extensions, mobile apps, computer terminal, and various IDEs (Integrated Development Environments). GitHub generally uses personal data to: Deliver, maintain, and update the services as per the customer's configuration and usage, to ensure personalized experiences and recommendations Troubleshoot, which involves preventing, detecting, resolving, and mitigating issues, including security incidents and product-related problems, by fixing software bugs and maintaining the online services' functionality and up-to-dateness Enhance user productivity, reliability, effectiveness, quality, privacy, accessibility, and security by keeping the service current and operational These practices are outlined in GitHub’s Data Protection Agreement ( DPA) , which details our data handling commitments to our data controller customers. GitHub also uses certain personal data with customer authorization under the DPA, for the following purposes: Billing and account management To comply with and resolve legal obligations For abuse detection, prevention, and protection, virus scanning, and scanning to detect violations of terms of service To generate summary reports for calculating employee commissions and partner incentives To produce aggregated reports for internal use and strategic planning, covering areas like forecasting, revenue analysis, capacity planning, and product strategy, For details on GitHub's data processing activities as a controller, particularly for Copilot Pro customers, refer to the GitHub Privacy Statement . How long does GitHub retain Copilot data for Business and Enterprise customers? If and for how long GitHub’s retains Copilot data depends on how a Copilot user accesses Copilot and for what purpose. The default settings for Copilot Business and Enterprise Customers are as follows: Access through IDE for Chat and Code Completions: Prompts and Suggestions: Not retained User Engagement Data: Kept for two years. Feedback Data: Stored for as long as needed for its intended purpose. All other GitHub Copilot access and use: Prompts and Suggestions: Retained for 28 days. User Engagement Data: Kept for two years. Feedback Data: Stored for as long as needed for its intended purpose. Why do some Copilot features retain prompts and suggestions? Retaining prompts and suggestions is necessary for chat on github.com, mobile, and CLI Copilot because those features’ effectiveness depends on using thread history to improve responses. The Copilot model requires access to previous interactions to deliver accurate and relevant suggestions. Does GitHub Copilot support compliance with the GDPR and other data protection laws? Yes. GitHub and customers can enter a Data Protection Agreement that supports compliance with the GDPR and similar legislation. Does GitHub Copilot ever output personal data? While we've designed GitHub Copilot with privacy in mind, the expansive definition of personal data under legislation like the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) means we can't guarantee it will never output such data. The Large Language Model (LLM) powering GitHub Copilot was trained on public code and there were instances in our tests where the tool made suggestions resembling personal data. These suggestions were typically synthesized and not tied to real individuals. How does Copilot allow users to access, alter or delete personal data? These actions are available to Copilot users as described in the GitHub Privacy Statement . Responsible AI What are the intellectual property considerations when using GitHub Copilot? The primary IP considerations for GitHub Copilot relate to copyright. The model that powers Copilot is trained on a broad collection of publicly accessible code, which may include copyrighted code, and Copilot’s suggestions (in rare instances) may resemble the code its model was trained on. Here’s some basic information you should know about these considerations: Copyright law permits the use of copyrighted works to train AI models: Countries around the world have provisions in their copyright laws that enable machines to learn, understand, extract patterns, and facts from copyrighted materials, including software code. For example, the European Union, Japan, and Singapore, have express provisions permitting machine learning to develop AI models. Other countries including Canada, India, and the United States also permit such training under their fair use/fair dealing provisions. GitHub Copilot’s AI model was trained with the use of code from GitHub’s public repositories—which are publicly accessible and within the scope of permissible copyright use. What about copyright risk in suggestions? In rare instances (less than 1% based on GitHub’s research), suggestions from GitHub may match examples of code used to train GitHub’s AI model. Again, Copilot does not “look up” or “copy and paste” code, but is instead using context from a user’s workspace to synthesize and generate a suggestion. Our experience shows that matching suggestions are most likely to occur in two situations: (i) when there is little or no context in the code editor for Copilot’s model to synthesize, or (ii) when a matching suggestion represents a common approach or method. If a code suggestion matches existing code, there is risk that using that suggestion could trigger claims of copyright infringement, which would depend on the amount and nature of code used, and the context of how the code is used. In many ways, this is the same risk that arises when using any code that a developer does not originate, such as copying code from an online source, or reusing code from a library. That is why responsible organizations and developers recommend that users employ code scanning policies to identify and evaluate potential matching code. In Copilot, you can opt whether to allow Copilot to suggest code completions that match publicly available code on GitHub.com. For more information, see " Configuring GitHub Copilot settings on GitHub.com ". If you have allowed suggestions that match public code, GitHub Copilot can provide you with details about the matching code when you accept such suggestions. Matching code does not necessarily mean copyright infringement, so it is ultimately up to the user to determine whether to use the suggestion, and what and who to attribute (along with other license compliance) in appropriate circumstances. Does GitHub Copilot include a filtering mechanism to mitigate risk? Yes, GitHub Copilot does include an optional code referencing filter to detect and suppress certain suggestions that match public code on GitHub. GitHub has created a duplication detection filter to detect and suppress suggestions that contain code segments over a certain length that match public code on GitHub. This filter can be enabled by the administrator for your enterprise and it can apply for all organizations within your enterprise, or the administrator can defer control to individual organizations. With the filter enabled, Copilot checks code suggestions for matches or near-matches against public code on GitHub of 65 lexemes or more (on average,150 characters). If there is a match, the suggestion will not be shown to the user. In addition to off-topic, harmful, and offensive output filters, GitHub Copilot also scans the outputs for vulnerable code. Does GitHub Copilot include features to make it easier for users to identify potentially relevant open source licenses for matching suggestions? Yes, GitHub Copilot is previewing a code referencing feature as an additional tool to assist users to find and review potentially relevant open source licenses. Code referencing is currently available in Visual Studio Code. This feature searches across public GitHub repositories for code that matches a Copilot suggestion. If there’s a match, users will find its information displayed in the Copilot console log, including where the match occurred, any applicable licenses, and a deep link to learn more. The deep link will take users to a navigable page on GitHub.com to browse examples of the code match and their repository licenses, and see how many repositories—including ones without licenses—that code appears in, as well as links to those repositories. Copilot users can review this information to determine whether the applicable suggestions are suitable for use, and whether additional measures may be necessary to use them. Who owns the suggestions provided by GitHub Copilot? We don’t determine whether a suggestion is capable of being owned, but we are clear that GitHub does not claim ownership of a suggestion. Whether a suggestion generated by an AI model can be owned depends on many factors (e.g. the intellectual property law in the relevant country, the length of the suggestion, the extent that suggestion is considered ‘functional’ instead of expressive, etc). If a suggestion is capable of being owned, our terms are clear: GitHub does not claim ownership. GitHub does not claim ownership of any suggestion. In certain cases, it is possible for Copilot to produce similar suggestions to different users. For example, two unrelated users both starting new files to code the quicksort algorithm in Java will likely get the same suggestion. The possibility of providing similar suggestions to multiple users is a common part of generative AI systems. Can GitHub Copilot introduce insecure code in its suggestions? Public code may contain insecure coding patterns, bugs, or references to outdated APIs or idioms. When GitHub Copilot synthesizes code suggestions based on this data, it can also synthesize code that contains these undesirable patterns. Copilot has filters in place that either block or notify users of insecure code patterns that are detected in Copilot suggestions. These filters target the most common vulnerable coding patterns, including hardcoded credentials , SQL injections , and path injections . Additionally, in recent years we’ve provided tools such as GitHub Advanced Security, GitHub Actions, Dependabot, and CodeQL to open source projects to help improve code quality. Of course, you should always use GitHub Copilot together with good testing and code review practices and security tools, as well as your own judgment. Is GitHub Copilot intended to fully automate code generation and replace developers? No. Copilot is a tool intended to make developers more efficient. It’s not intended to replace developers, who should continue to apply the same sorts of safeguards and diligence they would apply with regard to any third-party code of unknown origin. The product is called “Copilot” not “Autopilot” and it’s not intended to generate code without oversight. You should use exactly the same sorts of safeguards and diligence with Copilot’s suggestions as you would use with any third-party code. Identifying best practices for use of third party code is beyond the scope of this section. That said, whatever practices your organization currently uses – rigorous functionality testing, code scanning, security testing, etc. – you should continue these policies with Copilot’s suggestions. Moreover, you should make sure your code editor or editor does not automatically compile or run generated code before you review it. Can GitHub Copilot users simply use suggestions without concern? Not necessarily. GitHub Copilot users should align their use of Copilot with their respective risk tolerances. As noted above, GitHub Copilot is not intended to replace developers, or their individual skill and judgment, and is not intended to fully automate the process of code development. The same risks that apply to the use of any third-party code apply to the use of Copilot’s suggestions. Depending on your particular use case, you should consider implementing the protections discussed above. It is your responsibility to assess what is appropriate for the situation and implement appropriate safeguards. You’re entitled to IP indemnification from GitHub for the unmodified suggestions when Copilot’s filtering is enabled. If you do elect to enable this feature, the copyright responsibility is ours, not our customers. As part of our ongoing commitment to responsible AI, GitHub and Microsoft extends our IP indemnity and protection support to our customers who are empowering their teams with GitHub Copilot. See Microsoft's Copilot Copyright Commitment for more details. Does GitHub Copilot support accessibility features? We are conducting internal testing of GitHub Copilot’s ease of use by developers with disabilities and working to ensure that GitHub Copilot is accessible to all developers. Please feel free to share your feedback on GitHub Copilot accessibility in our feedback forum . Does GitHub Copilot produce offensive outputs? GitHub Copilot includes filters to block offensive language in the prompts and to avoid synthesizing suggestions in sensitive contexts. We continue to work on improving the filter system to more intelligently detect and remove offensive outputs. If you see offensive outputs, please report them directly to copilot-safety@github.com so that we can improve our safeguards. GitHub takes this challenge very seriously and we are committed to addressing it. Will GitHub Copilot work as well using languages other than English? Given public sources are predominantly in English, GitHub Copilot will likely work less well in scenarios where natural language prompts provided by the developer are not in English and/or are grammatically incorrect. Therefore, non-English speakers might experience a lower quality of service. What data has GitHub Copilot been trained on? GitHub Copilot is powered by generative AI models developed by GitHub, OpenAI, and Microsoft. It has been trained on natural language text and source code from publicly available sources, including code in public repositories on GitHub. Data from June 2023. Additional research can be found here . Feature in public beta for Copilot Pro and Business plans. Requires use of repositories, issues, discussions, Actions, and other features of GitHub. Authentication with SAML single sign-on (SSO) available for organizations using GitHub Enterprise Cloud. General Plans & pricing Privacy Responsible AI General What is GitHub Copilot? GitHub Copilot transforms the developer experience. Backed by the leaders in AI, GitHub Copilot provides contextualized assistance throughout the software development lifecycle, from code completions and chat assistance in the IDE to code explanations and answers to docs in GitHub and more. With GitHub Copilot elevating their workflow, developers can focus on: value, innovation, and happiness. GitHub Copilot enables developers to focus more energy on problem solving and collaboration and spend less effort on the mundane and boilerplate. That’s why developers who use GitHub Copilot report up to 75% higher satisfaction with their jobs than those who don’t and are up to 55% more productive at writing code without sacrifice to quality, which all adds up to engaged developers shipping great software faster. GitHub Copilot integrates with leading editors, including Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, JetBrains IDEs, and Neovim, and, unlike other AI coding assistants, is natively built into GitHub. Growing to millions of individual users and tens of thousands of business customers, GitHub Copilot is the world’s most widely adopted AI developer tool and the competitive advantage developers ask for by name. Who is eligible to access GitHub Copilot for free? GitHub Copilot Free is a new free pricing tier with limited functionality for individual developers. Users assigned a Copilot Business or Copilot Enterprise seat are not eligible for access. Users with access to Copilot Pro through a paid subscription, trial, or through an existing verified OSS, student, faculty, or MVP account may elect to use Free instead. What languages, IDEs, and platforms does GitHub Copilot support? GitHub Copilot is trained on all languages that appear in public repositories. For each language, the quality of suggestions you receive may depend on the volume and diversity of training data for that language. For example, JavaScript is well-represented in public repositories and is one of GitHub Copilot’s best supported languages. Languages with less representation in public repositories may produce fewer or less robust suggestions. GitHub Copilot is available as an extension in Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, Vim, Neovim, the JetBrains suite of IDEs, and Azure Data Studio. Although code completion functionality is available across all these extensions, chat functionality is currently available only in Visual Studio Code, JetBrains, and Visual Studio. GitHub Copilot is also supported in terminals through GitHub CLI and as a chat integration in Windows Terminal Canary. With the GitHub Copilot Enterprise plan, GitHub Copilot is natively integrated into GitHub.com. All plans are supported in GitHub Copilot in GitHub Mobile. GitHub Mobile for Copilot Pro and Copilot Business have access to Bing and public repository code search. Copilot Enterprise in GitHub Mobile gives you additional access to your organization's knowledge. Does GitHub Copilot “copy/paste”? No, GitHub Copilot generates suggestions using probabilistic determination. When thinking about intellectual property and open source issues, it is critical to understand how GitHub Copilot really works. The AI models that create GitHub Copilot’s suggestions may be trained on public code, but do not contain any code. When they generate a suggestion, they are not “copying and pasting” from any codebase. To generate a code suggestion, the GitHub Copilot extension begins by examining the code in your editor—focusing on the lines just before and after your cursor, but also information including other files open in your editor and the URLs of repositories or file paths to identify relevant context. That information is sent to GitHub Copilot’s model, to make a probabilistic determination of what is likely to come next and generate suggestions. To generate a suggestion for chat in the code editor, the GitHub Copilot extension creates a contextual prompt by combining your prompt with additional context including the code file open in your active document, your code selection, and general workspace information, such as frameworks, languages, and dependencies. That information is sent to GitHub Copilot’s model, to make a probabilistic determination of what is likely to come next and generate suggestions. To generate a suggestion for chat on GitHub.com, such as providing an answer to a question from your chat prompt, GitHub Copilot creates a contextual prompt by combining your prompt with additional context including previous prompts, the open pages on GitHub.com as well as retrieved context from your codebase or Bing search. That information is sent to GitHub Copilot’s model, to make a probabilistic determination of what is likely to come next and generate suggestions. What are the differences between the GitHub Copilot Business, GitHub Copilot Enterprise, and GitHub Copilot Individual plans? GitHub Copilot has multiple offerings for organizations and an offering for individual developers. All the offerings include both code completion and chat assistance. The primary differences between the organization offerings and the individual offering are license management, policy management, and IP indemnity. Organizations can choose between GitHub Copilot Business and GitHub Copilot Enterprise. GitHub Copilot Business primarily features GitHub Copilot in the coding environment - that is the IDE, CLI and GitHub Mobile. GitHub Copilot Enterprise includes everything in GitHub Copilot Business. It also adds an additional layer of customization for organizations and integrates into GitHub.com as a chat interface to allow developers to converse with GitHub Copilot throughout the platform. GitHub Copilot Enterprise can index an organization’s codebase for a deeper understanding of the customer’s knowledge for more tailored suggestions and will offer customers access to fine-tuned custom, private models for code completion. GitHub Copilot Individual is designed for individual developers, freelancers, students, educators, and open source maintainers. The plan includes all the features of GitHub Copilot Business except organizational license management, policy management, and IP indemnity. What data has GitHub Copilot been trained on? GitHub Copilot is powered by generative AI models developed by GitHub, OpenAI, and Microsoft. It has been trained on natural language text and source code from publicly available sources, including code in public repositories on GitHub. Which plan includes GitHub Copilot Autofix? GitHub Copilot Autofix provides contextual explanations and code suggestions to help developers fix vulnerabilities in code, and is included in GitHub Advanced Security . What if I do not want GitHub Copilot? GitHub Copilot is entirely optional and requires you to opt in before gaining access. You can easily configure its usage directly in the editor, enabling or disabling it at any time. Additionally, you have control over which file types GitHub Copilot is active for. How do I control access to GitHub Copilot in my company? Access to Copilot Business and Enterprise is managed by your GitHub Administrator. They can control access to preview features, models, and set GitHub Copilot policies for your organization. Additionally, you can use your network firewall to explicitly allow access to Copilot Business and/or block access to Copilot Pro or Free. For more details, refer to the documentation . Plans & pricing What are the differences between the Free, Pro, Business, and Enterprise plans? GitHub Copilot has multiple offerings for organizations and an offering for individual developers. All the offerings include both code completion and chat assistance. The primary differences between the organization offerings and the individual offering are license management, policy management, and IP indemnity. Organizations can choose between GitHub Copilot Business and GitHub Copilot Enterprise. GitHub Copilot Business primarily features GitHub Copilot in the coding environment - that is the IDE, CLI and GitHub Mobile. GitHub Copilot Enterprise includes everything in GitHub Copilot Business. It also adds an additional layer of customization for organizations and integrates into GitHub.com as a chat interface to allow developers to converse with Copilot throughout the platform. GitHub Copilot Enterprise can index an organization’s codebase for a deeper understanding of the customer’s knowledge for more tailored suggestions and will offer customers access to fine-tuned custom, private models for code completion. GitHub Copilot Pro is designed for individual developers, freelancers, students, educators, and open source maintainers. The plan includes all the features of GitHub Copilot Business except organizational license management, policy management, and IP indemnity. How can I upgrade my GitHub Copilot Free license to Copilot Pro? If you're on the Free plan, you can upgrade to Pro through your Copilot settings page or directly on the Copilot marketing page . What is included in GitHub Copilot Free? GitHub Copilot Free users are limited to 2000 completions and 50 chat requests (including Copilot Edits). Which plan includes GitHub Copilot Autofix? GitHub Copilot Autofix provides contextual explanations and code suggestions to help developers fix vulnerabilities in code, and is included in GitHub Advanced Security and available to all public repositories. Can users in my organization use Copilot code reviews for their pull requests if they don’t have a Copilot license? Organizations can now enable Copilot code review on all pull requests on github.com—including pull requests from users who are not assigned a Copilot license . This allows you to extend the quality and rich analysis of Copilot code review to all pull requests, regardless of its author, giving you complete coverage and confidence that pull requests have been reviewed. To enable this functionality, an enterprise/org admin must first have Copilot enabled and then enabled two policies. Note : This capability is not supported for Copilot code reviews in VS Code or other IDEs. How am I billed for Copilot code review usage from users without a Copilot license? Usage from non-licensed users is billed directly to your organization as "premium requests" (PRUs) at the standard multiplier rate for Copilot code review. This flexible model allows you to get full review coverage on every PR without needing to purchase a full Copilot seat for non-development contributors who may not need Copilot. Usage from your existing licensed users simply continues to draw from their included monthly allowance as it does today. Is Copilot code review usage from users without a Copilot license enabled by default? How do I control the cost? No. This capability is off by default and gives the enterprise admin control to enable or disable. An admin must explicitly enable two separate policies to activate: ‘Premium request paid usage’ must be enabled to allow enterprises to be charged for premium requests exceeding their included usage. A new Copilot code review policy ( ‘Allow members without a Copilot license to use Copilot code review in github.com’ ) must also be enabled. We encourage admins to set up budgets to control spending on our metered products , especially customers who have not enabled the ‘Premium request paid usage’ policy in the past. You can track all premium request usage in your billing dashboard to monitor and control spending. Privacy What personal data does GitHub Copilot process? GitHub Copilot processes personal data based on how Copilot is accessed and used: whether via GitHub.com, mobile app, extensions, or one of various IDE extensions, or through features like suggestions for the command line interface (CLI), IDE code completions, or personalized chat on GitHub.com. The types of personal data processed may include: User Engagement Data: This includes pseudonymous identifiers captured on user interactions with Copilot, such as accepted or dismissed completions, error messages, system logs, and product usage metrics. Prompts: These are inputs for chat or code, along with context, sent to Copilot's AI to generate suggestions. Suggestions: These are the AI-generated code lines or chat responses provided to users based on their prompts. Feedback Data: This comprises real-time user feedback, including reactions (e.g., thumbs up/down) and optional comments, along with feedback from support tickets. Does GitHub use Copilot Business or Enterprise data to train GitHub’s model? No. GitHub does not use either Copilot Business or Enterprise data to train its models. How does GitHub use the Copilot data? How GitHub uses Copilot data depends on how the user accesses Copilot and for what purpose. Users can access GitHub Copilot through the web, extensions, mobile apps, computer terminal, and various IDEs (Integrated Development Environments). GitHub generally uses personal data to: Deliver, maintain, and update the services as per the customer's configuration and usage, to ensure personalized experiences and recommendations Troubleshoot, which involves preventing, detecting, resolving, and mitigating issues, including security incidents and product-related problems, by fixing software bugs and maintaining the online services' functionality and up-to-dateness Enhance user productivity, reliability, effectiveness, quality, privacy, accessibility, and security by keeping the service current and operational These practices are outlined in GitHub’s Data Protection Agreement ( DPA) , which details our data handling commitments to our data controller customers. GitHub also uses certain personal data with customer authorization under the DPA, for the following purposes: Billing and account management To comply with and resolve legal obligations For abuse detection, prevention, and protection, virus scanning, and scanning to detect violations of terms of service To generate summary reports for calculating employee commissions and partner incentives To produce aggregated reports for internal use and strategic planning, covering areas like forecasting, revenue analysis, capacity planning, and product strategy, For details on GitHub's data processing activities as a controller, particularly for Copilot Pro customers, refer to the GitHub Privacy Statement . How long does GitHub retain Copilot data for Business and Enterprise customers? If and for how long GitHub’s retains Copilot data depends on how a Copilot user accesses Copilot and for what purpose. The default settings for Copilot Business and Enterprise Customers are as follows: Access through IDE for Chat and Code Completions: Prompts and Suggestions: Not retained User Engagement Data: Kept for two years. Feedback Data: Stored for as long as needed for its intended purpose. All other GitHub Copilot access and use: Prompts and Suggestions: Retained for 28 days. User Engagement Data: Kept for two years. Feedback Data: Stored for as long as needed for its intended purpose. Why do some Copilot features retain prompts and suggestions? Retaining prompts and suggestions is necessary for chat on github.com, mobile, and CLI Copilot because those features’ effectiveness depends on using thread history to improve responses. The Copilot model requires access to previous interactions to deliver accurate and relevant suggestions. Does GitHub Copilot support compliance with the GDPR and other data protection laws? Yes. GitHub and customers can enter a Data Protection Agreement that supports compliance with the GDPR and similar legislation. Does GitHub Copilot ever output personal data? While we've designed GitHub Copilot with privacy in mind, the expansive definition of personal data under legislation like the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) means we can't guarantee it will never output such data. The Large Language Model (LLM) powering GitHub Copilot was trained on public code and there were instances in our tests where the tool made suggestions resembling personal data. The | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://linkedin.com/company/mux | Mux | LinkedIn Skip to main content LinkedIn Top Content People Learning Jobs Games Sign in Join now Mux Software Development San Francisco, California 9,138 followers Mux is the internet’s video infrastructure. See jobs Follow View all 151 employees Report this company About us Mux is video infrastructure that makes it easy for developers to build video into their products, and do so quickly, reliably, and at global scale. Thousands of companies like Substack, HubSpot, Vimeo, Paramount, and PBS rely on Mux’s APIs to deliver the highest quality video experiences, and monitor what’s happening across every frame along the way. Website http://mux.com External link for Mux Industry Software Development Company size 51-200 employees Headquarters San Francisco, California Type Privately Held Founded 2015 Specialties video analytics, video performance analytics, videojs, quality of service, quality of experience, QoS, QoE, rebuffering, viewer experience, performance analytics, video streaming, online video, streaming media, streaming, encoding, video delivery, CDN, video thumbnails, video captions, API, and Video API Locations Primary 50 Beale St, Floor 9 San Francisco, California 94105, US Get directions 34-37 Liverpool Street Unit 4.06, 4th Floor London, London EC2M 7PP, GB Get directions Employees at Mux Eric E. David Giacomo Robin Vasan Jon Dahl See all employees Updates Mux 9,138 followers 4d Report this post Analyzing video with AI usually means stitching together a bunch of LLMs yourself. We built the Mux AI SDK to handle it for you. Moderation. Chapters. Summaries. Captions. All in one place. You call the function, it does the rest. Watch Victor Boutté ’s walkthrough: https://lnkd.in/e4Mg7bCx Check it out on Github: https://lnkd.in/eQSaNPp2 …more Mux AI SDK: Durable AI Workflows for Video with Vercel Workflow Dev Kit https://www.youtube.com/ 1 Like Comment Share Mux 9,138 followers 1w Report this post 🚨Submissions close tonight at 11:59 PM PST🚨 Mux 9,138 followers 1w 🚨Two more days to submit! 🚨 Don’t let analysis paralysis get ya — this can literally be a one-minute (or less) iPhone video. All you really need is your project and some enthusiasm. Full instructions here: https://lnkd.in/g6K5EF69 DEV's Worldwide Show and Tell Challenge Presented by Mux: Pitch Your Projects! $3,000 in Prizes. 🎥 dev.to 2 2 Comments Like Comment Share Mux reposted this Mux 9,138 followers 1w Report this post 🚨Two more days to submit! 🚨 Don’t let analysis paralysis get ya — this can literally be a one-minute (or less) iPhone video. All you really need is your project and some enthusiasm. Full instructions here: https://lnkd.in/g6K5EF69 DEV's Worldwide Show and Tell Challenge Presented by Mux: Pitch Your Projects! $3,000 in Prizes. 🎥 dev.to 1 Like Comment Share Mux 9,138 followers 1w Report this post 🚨Two more days to submit! 🚨 Don’t let analysis paralysis get ya — this can literally be a one-minute (or less) iPhone video. All you really need is your project and some enthusiasm. Full instructions here: https://lnkd.in/g6K5EF69 DEV's Worldwide Show and Tell Challenge Presented by Mux: Pitch Your Projects! $3,000 in Prizes. 🎥 dev.to 1 Like Comment Share Mux 9,138 followers 2w Report this post One week left to submit to our challenge with DEV Community! No need to overthink it. Just record a one-minute show and tell on a side project you’re excited about. Whether you’re putting final touches on it or it’s still in the idea phase — we wanna hear about it. Your 1-minute pitch could win you $1,500. https://lnkd.in/g6K5EF69 DEV's Worldwide Show and Tell Challenge Presented by Mux: Pitch Your Projects! $3,000 in Prizes. 🎥 dev.to Like Comment Share Mux 9,138 followers 2w Report this post Your main projects might be on an end-of-year code freeze, so now’s the perfect time to have some AI fun. https://lnkd.in/emg8N9UR …more Mux AI SDK: Durable AI Workflows for Video with Vercel Workflow Dev Kit https://www.youtube.com/ 8 Like Comment Share Mux 9,138 followers 3w Report this post Your side project could win you $1,500. We partnered with DEV Community for a show-and-tell challenge. Record a 1-min pitch about what you're building, upload to Mux, and submit. Think Shark Tank for devs — without the sharks. Two $1,500 prizes available. Deadline: Jan 4. Enter → https://lnkd.in/g6K5EF69 DEV's Worldwide Show and Tell Challenge Presented by Mux: Pitch Your Projects! $3,000 in Prizes. 🎥 dev.to 2 Like Comment Share Mux 9,138 followers 3w Report this post It's great to see our customers build fun and creative projects like this. Happy to be one of the infrastructure elves helping power Santa's workshop. 🎁 Synthesia 140,378 followers 1mo AI Santa learned to speak 140+ languages in less than a year. 😬 Just type your text and watch him bring it to life. It’s free — and takes less than a minute. Link below. 7 Like Comment Share Mux 9,138 followers 3w Report this post We shipped *a lot* in 2025. This year was about making sure Mux felt at home wherever you're building — whether it's in Vercel , Supabase , WordPress , Datadog , your AI agent, or anywhere else. We're right there with you. Take a stroll down memory lane with Dave Kiss in our latest newsletter. Not signed up? Subscribe here to get us in your inbox once a month: https://lnkd.in/dTrJQBBA https://lnkd.in/esaenzgj 19 1 Comment Like Comment Share Mux 9,138 followers 3w Edited Report this post We just open-sourced @mux/ai — a TypeScript toolkit with seven production-ready workflows for things like video summarization, moderation, and chapter generation. Works with OpenAI , Anthropic , Google , ElevenLabs , and Hive . Plus it's compatible with Vercel 's Workflow DevKit out of the box. Phil Cluff 's got the backstory on what led us here: Phil Cluff 3w I've spent the last few months talking to loads of Mux customers building UGC platforms about AI. The same problem kept coming up: everyone wants to use these amazing new foundation models to understand their video content. But actually getting it working at scale is a mess. You need to extract frames at the right intervals, pull transcripts, clean up VTT formatting, write prompts that work consistently, handle rate limiting, parse responses, and somehow do it without blowing your token budget. The worst part? Every platform is solving these exact same problems independently with fragile, expensive code. So we built @mux/ai - an open-source TypeScript toolkit with seven production-ready workflows: video summarization, chapter generation, content moderation, embeddings, caption translation, audio dubbing, and burned-in caption detection. Each workflow handles the complexity of fetching video data from Mux and formatting it for OpenAI , Anthropic , Google , ElevenLabs , or Hive . That's not all though - if you've run AI workflows at scale you know they are fragile, so we made all our workflows compatible with Vercel 's Workflow DevKit out of the box, giving you automatic retries, state persistence, and observability without extra plumbing. We even built evals into our CI to make sure that all the prompts perform well, and on target token budget. Check it out: https://lnkd.in/e2HYkXp6 Huge shout out to Victor Boutté , Christian Pillsbury, and Dylan Jhaveri for all their hard work turning this into a reality! Video + AI shouldn't be hard, so we built @mux/ai | Mux mux.com 15 Like Comment Share Join now to see what you are missing Find people you know at Mux Browse recommended jobs for you View all updates, news, and articles Join now Similar pages Browserbase Technology, Information and Internet San Francisco, California Bitmovin Information Technology & Services Denver, Colorado Brightcove Online Audio and Video Media Boston, Massachusetts Stream Club Software Development SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Sanity Software Development San Francisco, California Vimeo Software Development New York, NY Hawk Hill Ventures Technology, Information and Internet fal Technology, Information and Internet Stainless Software Development New York, NY Vercel Software Development San Francisco, California Show more similar pages Show fewer similar pages Browse jobs Engineer jobs 555,845 open jobs Account Executive jobs 71,457 open jobs Analyst jobs 694,057 open jobs Senior Data Consultant jobs 22,687 open jobs Director jobs 1,220,357 open jobs Director of Analytics jobs 14,892 open jobs Data Engineer jobs 192,126 open jobs Data Analyst jobs 329,009 open jobs Software Engineer jobs 300,699 open jobs Developer jobs 258,935 open jobs Fraud Analyst jobs 5,936 open jobs Manager jobs 1,880,925 open jobs Government Account Executive jobs 462 open jobs Head of Sales jobs 12,761 open jobs Site Reliability Engineer jobs 169,128 open jobs Copywriter jobs 17,206 open jobs Benefits Analyst jobs 44,730 open jobs Senior Program Manager jobs 40,132 open jobs Consultant jobs 760,907 open jobs Associate jobs 1,091,945 open jobs Show more jobs like this Show fewer jobs like this Funding Mux 8 total rounds Last Round Series D Jun 1, 2021 External Crunchbase Link for last round of funding US$ 105.0M Investors Coatue + 5 Other investors See more info on crunchbase More searches More searches Mux jobs Engineer jobs Recruiter jobs Program Manager jobs Analyst jobs Software Engineer jobs Associate Manager jobs Developer jobs Manager jobs Project Manager jobs Content Engineer jobs Director Corporate Affairs jobs Senior Engineer jobs Product Manager jobs Scientist jobs Industrial Designer jobs Principal Program Manager jobs Organizational Psychologist jobs Technical Program Manager jobs Infrastructure Engineer jobs Director of Logistics jobs Linux Administrator jobs Director of Engineering jobs Implementation Manager jobs Platform Engineer jobs Marketer jobs Site Reliability Engineer jobs Engineering Manager jobs Specialist jobs Account Manager jobs Psychologist jobs Technical Recruiter jobs Chief Executive Officer jobs Logistics Manager jobs Chief Financial Officer jobs Accountant jobs Mechanical Engineer jobs Product Management Intern jobs Enterprise Account Executive jobs Support Engineer jobs Communications Specialist jobs Unemployed jobs Marketing Designer jobs Talent Acquisition Manager jobs Data Engineer jobs Summer Intern jobs Development Manager jobs Strategist jobs Account Executive jobs Business Development Manager jobs Java Web Developer jobs Human Resources Director jobs Business Development Representative jobs Marketing Coordinator jobs Head jobs User Experience Designer jobs Human Resources Manager jobs Monitor jobs Business Development Specialist jobs Sales Manager jobs LinkedIn © 2026 About Accessibility User Agreement Privacy Policy Cookie Policy Copyright Policy Brand Policy Guest Controls Community Guidelines العربية (Arabic) বাংলা (Bangla) Čeština (Czech) Dansk (Danish) Deutsch (German) Ελληνικά (Greek) English (English) Español (Spanish) فارسی (Persian) Suomi (Finnish) Français (French) हिंदी (Hindi) Magyar (Hungarian) Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian) Italiano (Italian) עברית (Hebrew) 日本語 (Japanese) 한국어 (Korean) मराठी (Marathi) Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) Nederlands (Dutch) Norsk (Norwegian) ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi) Polski (Polish) Português (Portuguese) Română (Romanian) Русский (Russian) Svenska (Swedish) తెలుగు (Telugu) ภาษาไทย (Thai) Tagalog (Tagalog) Türkçe (Turkish) Українська (Ukrainian) Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese) 简体中文 (Chinese (Simplified)) 正體中文 (Chinese (Traditional)) Language Agree & Join LinkedIn By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s User Agreement , Privacy Policy , and Cookie Policy . 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Report Abuse Antigravity Team for Google AI Posted on Nov 19, 2025 • Originally published at antigravity.google Introducing Google Antigravity, a New Era in AI-Assisted Software Development # antigravity # google # gemini # ai Building with Gemini 3 (Google AI) (7 Part Series) 1 Start building with Gemini 3 2 5 things to try with Gemini 3 Pro in Gemini CLI ... 3 more parts... 3 Introducing Google Antigravity, a New Era in AI-Assisted Software Development 4 Gemini 3 Developer Guide 5 Build with Nano Banana Pro, our Gemini 3 Pro Image model 6 Introducing Nano Banana Pro: Complete Developer Tutorial 7 Nano-Banana Pro: Prompting Guide & Strategies Every advancement in model intelligence for coding has encouraged us to rethink how development should be done. The Integrated Development Environment (IDE) of today is a far cry from the IDE of just a few years ago. Gemini 3, our most intelligent model, represents a step-change for agentic coding, and requires us to think about what the next step-change of an IDE should be. Today, we are introducing Google Antigravity, our new agentic development platform. While the core is a familiar AI-powered IDE experience with the best of Google’s models, Antigravity is evolving the IDE towards an agent-first future with browser control capabilities, asynchronous interaction patterns, and an agent-first product form factor that together, enable agents to autonomously plan and execute complex, end-to-end software tasks. Why We Built Antigravity We want Antigravity to be the home base for software development in the era of agents. Our vision is to ultimately enable anyone with an idea to experience liftoff and build that idea into reality. From today, Google Antigravity is available in public preview at no charge, with generous rate limits on Gemini 3 Pro usage. With models like Gemini 3, we have started hitting the point in agentic intelligence where models are capable of running for longer periods of time without intervention across multiple surfaces. Not yet for days at a time without intervention, but we’re getting closer to a world where we interface with agents at higher abstractions over individual prompts and tool calls. In this world, the product surface that enables communication between the agent and user should look and feel different - and Antigravity is our answer to this. Core Tenets Antigravity is our first product that brings four key tenets of collaborative development together: trust, autonomy, feedback, and self-improvement. Trust Most products today live in one of two extremes: either they show the user every single action and tool call the agent has made or they only show the final code change with no context on how the agent got there, and with no easy way to verify the work. Neither engenders user trust in the work that the agent undertook. Antigravity provides context on agentic work at a more natural task-level abstraction, with the necessary and sufficient set of artifacts and verification results, for the user to gain that trust. There is a concerted emphasis for the agent to thoroughly think through verification of its work, not just the work itself. In a conversation with an agent in Antigravity, the user sees tool calls grouped within tasks, monitoring high level summaries and progress along that task. As the agent works, it produces Artifacts, tangible deliverables in formats that are easier for users to validate than raw tool calls, such as task lists, implementation plans, walkthroughs, screenshots, and browser recordings. Agents in Antigravity use Artifacts to communicate to the user that it understands what it is doing and that it is thoroughly verifying its work. View the Agent's task list, review the implementation plan post-research and pre-implementation, or scan the walkthrough at completion. Autonomy Today, the most intuitive product form factor is working synchronously with an agent embedded within a surface (an editor, browser, terminal, etc). That is why Antigravity’s primary “Editor view” is a state-of-the-art AI-powered IDE experience, with Tab completions, in-line Commands, and a fully functioning agent in the side panel. That being said, we are transitioning to an era, with models like Gemini 3, when agents can operate across all of these surfaces simultaneously and autonomously: Autonomously, an Antigravity Agent writes code for a new frontend feature, uses the terminal to launch localhost, and actuates the browser to test that the new feature works. We also believe agents deserve a form factor that exposes this autonomy optimally and allows users to interact with them more asynchronously. So, in addition to the IDE-like Editor surface, we are introducing an agent-first Manager surface, which flips the paradigm of agents being embedded within surfaces to one where the surfaces are embedded into the agent. You can think of it like a mission control for spawning, orchestrating, and observing multiple agents across multiple workspaces in parallel. User spawned an Agent to do background research in a different workspace while focusing on a more involved task in the foreground, using the Inbox and side panel in the Agent Manager to be notified of progress. We decided not to try to squeeze both the asynchronous Manager experience and the synchronous Editor experience into a single window, rather optimizing for instantaneous handoffs between the Manager and Editor. Antigravity is designed to be forward-looking, intuitively bringing development to the asynchronous era as models like Gemini continue to rapidly get smarter. Feedback A core failing of a remote-only form factor is the inability to iterate easily with the agent. Agentic intelligence has indeed improved significantly, but it is still not perfect. An agent being able to complete 80% of the work should be useful, but if there is no easy way to provide feedback, then it becomes more work than benefit to resolve the remaining 20%. User feedback allows us to not treat an agent as a black-or-white system that either is perfect or unhelpful. Antigravity is starting with local operation, allowing intuitive async user feedback across every surface and Artifact, whether it be Google-doc-style comments on text Artifacts or select-and-comment feedback on screenshots. This feedback will be automatically incorporated into the agent’s execution without requiring you to stop the agent’s process. An example of feedback on textual Artifacts such as an implementation plan and an example of feedback on a visual Artifact such as a screenshot taken by the Agent. Self-improvement Antigravity treats learning as a core primitive, with agent actions both retrieving from and contributing to a knowledge base. This knowledge management allows the agent to learn from past work. This could be important explicit information such as useful snippets of code or derived architecture, but could also be more abstract, such as the series of steps taken to successfully complete a particular subtask. Agent learning from work and feedback to generate and leverage knowledge items, viewable from the Agent Manager. Try Antigravity Today We believe Antigravity’s product form factor represents the next fundamental step function in agent-assisted development. Thus, our goal is to channel it into the best product offering possible for end users. In today’s public preview: Google Antigravity for individuals at no charge Compatibility with MacOS, Linux, and Windows Access to Google’s Gemini 3, Anthropic’s Claude Sonnet 4.5 models, and OpenAI’s GPT-OSS within the agent, offering developers model optionality [1] Learn more about the features of Antigravity in our docs and read more about how Antigravity can assist you by browsing various use cases . We will have new features dropping frequently, so keep up-to-date with this blog and socials at X , LinkedIn , and YouTube . Experience liftoff in 3… 2… 1… Download Antigravity [1] We will be providing access to models to the degree we have capacity, with rate limits to prevent abuse and that are refreshed every five hours. Under the hood, the rate limits are correlated with the amount of work done by the agent, which can differ from prompt to prompt. Thus, you may get many more prompts if your tasks are more straightforward and the agent can complete the work quickly, and the opposite is also true. Our modeling suggests that a very small fraction of power users will ever hit the per-five-hour rate limit, so our hope is that this is something that you won’t have to worry about, and you feel unrestrained in your usage of Antigravity. Building with Gemini 3 (Google AI) (7 Part Series) 1 Start building with Gemini 3 2 5 things to try with Gemini 3 Pro in Gemini CLI ... 3 more parts... 3 Introducing Google Antigravity, a New Era in AI-Assisted Software Development 4 Gemini 3 Developer Guide 5 Build with Nano Banana Pro, our Gemini 3 Pro Image model 6 Introducing Nano Banana Pro: Complete Developer Tutorial 7 Nano-Banana Pro: Prompting Guide & Strategies Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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https://dev.to/colocodes | Damian Demasi - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Damian Demasi Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Joined Joined on Jun 29, 2020 Personal website https://www.damiandemasi.com/ github website twitter website Work Web Developer Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. 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Got it Close 4 Week Writing Streak You've posted at least one post per week for 4 consecutive weeks! Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close More info about @colocodes Organizations Junior Web Developers GitHub Repositories portfolio-v2 My Web Developer's portfolio JavaScript • 23 stars Skills/Languages HTML, CSS, Javascript, React and a bit of backend: Netlify, Vercel, NodeJS. Currently learning ReactJS, Ruby on Rails Currently hacking on React. Available for Chat, work. Post 34 posts published Comment 138 comments written Tag 19 tags followed Pin Pinned I share my Notion template with over 440 pages of web development content Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Dec 21 '21 I share my Notion template with over 440 pages of web development content # javascript # webdev # beginners # programming 458 reactions Comments 49 comments 2 min read How to become a web developer in 2022, with coach Gandalf Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Dec 14 '21 How to become a web developer in 2022, with coach Gandalf # javascript # webdev # beginners # programming 96 reactions Comments 12 comments 13 min read How I’ve got a web development job one week after publishing my portfolio Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Nov 1 '21 How I’ve got a web development job one week after publishing my portfolio # portfolio # beginners # webdev # tutorial 357 reactions Comments 11 comments 13 min read The Power of Microtools: How AI and "Vibe Coding" Are Changing the Way We Build Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Jun 18 '25 The Power of Microtools: How AI and "Vibe Coding" Are Changing the Way We Build # ai # vibecoding # webdev # productivity 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 7 min read Want to connect with Damian Demasi? 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Sign in How to Learn Python Faster and Easier with This Notion Template Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Feb 14 '24 How to Learn Python Faster and Easier with This Notion Template # python # programming # beginners # learning 36 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Python Project: Analysing Australia's Migration Trends and Economic Impact Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Feb 7 '24 Python Project: Analysing Australia's Migration Trends and Economic Impact # python # programming # database # coding 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Navigating Mutability and Reference Issues in JavaScript Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Feb 27 '23 Navigating Mutability and Reference Issues in JavaScript # discuss # gamedev # modding 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Learning how to code: with our special guest, Ron Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Oct 12 '22 Learning how to code: with our special guest, Ron # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 11 reactions Comments 1 comment 9 min read Learning how to code: the first 3 steps Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Sep 21 '22 Learning how to code: the first 3 steps # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 60 reactions Comments 2 comments 8 min read Learning how to code: what you should know first (part 2) Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Sep 5 '22 Learning how to code: what you should know first (part 2) # webdev # beginners # programming # productivity 22 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Learning how to code: what you should know first (part 1) Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Aug 30 '22 Learning how to code: what you should know first (part 1) # webdev # beginners # programming # productivity 21 reactions Comments 4 comments 6 min read How to debug a React app Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow May 2 '22 How to debug a React app # javascript # webdev # react # debug 240 reactions Comments 5 comments 7 min read Problem-solving techniques to avoid yelling at your computer Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Apr 12 '22 Problem-solving techniques to avoid yelling at your computer # discuss # webdev # javascript # programming 290 reactions Comments 15 comments 11 min read CSS Study Progress Tracker and Roadmap Notion Template Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Mar 8 '22 CSS Study Progress Tracker and Roadmap Notion Template # webdev # beginners # css # html 106 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read HTML Study Progress Tracker Notion Template Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Jan 17 '22 HTML Study Progress Tracker Notion Template # html # webdev # beginners # programming 63 reactions Comments 4 comments 4 min read 🤔 I’m curious: what was your biggest struggle in your web development learning path? Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Jan 9 '22 🤔 I’m curious: what was your biggest struggle in your web development learning path? # discuss # webdev # beginners # programming 7 reactions Comments 8 comments 1 min read Hackathon: Building a MongoDB fuzzy search web app with React, Next.js and TailwindCSS Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Jan 5 '22 Hackathon: Building a MongoDB fuzzy search web app with React, Next.js and TailwindCSS # atlashackathon # mongodb # react # webdev 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Measuring your progress in Web Development: why is it important and how to do it Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Dec 29 '21 Measuring your progress in Web Development: why is it important and how to do it # webdev # beginners # programming # productivity 280 reactions Comments 6 comments 5 min read Are you planning on becoming a web developer in 2022 (or do you know someone who is)? If so, what do you need help with? Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Dec 9 '21 Are you planning on becoming a web developer in 2022 (or do you know someone who is)? If so, what do you need help with? # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 8 reactions Comments 5 comments 1 min read Using Notion to organise programming topics Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Dec 6 '21 Using Notion to organise programming topics # webdev # programming # tutorial # beginners 144 reactions Comments 10 comments 7 min read React: class components vs function components Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Dec 1 '21 React: class components vs function components # react # javascript # beginners # webdev 298 reactions Comments 38 comments 7 min read Learn how to use Git and GitHub in a team like a pro (part 2) Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Nov 22 '21 Learn how to use Git and GitHub in a team like a pro (part 2) # github # webdev # beginners # tutorial 255 reactions Comments 13 comments 9 min read 10 takeaways from my first software developers Meetup Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Nov 18 '21 10 takeaways from my first software developers Meetup # discuss # webdev # beginners # watercooler 27 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read Learn how to use Git and GitHub in a team like a pro Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Nov 17 '21 Learn how to use Git and GitHub in a team like a pro # github # webdev # beginners # tutorial 672 reactions Comments 18 comments 9 min read Recommended courses to learn web development + course giveaway Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Nov 10 '21 Recommended courses to learn web development + course giveaway # discuss # webdev # beginners # giveaway 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read GitHub Copilot blew my mind on a code-along exercise Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Nov 4 '21 GitHub Copilot blew my mind on a code-along exercise # discuss # webdev # programming # productivity 145 reactions Comments 40 comments 3 min read 6 use cases of the useEffect ReactJS hook Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Sep 18 '21 6 use cases of the useEffect ReactJS hook # react # javascript # webdev # hooks 173 reactions Comments 8 comments 8 min read 2 use cases of the useReducer ReactJS hook Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Sep 16 '21 2 use cases of the useReducer ReactJS hook # react # javascript # webdev 224 reactions Comments 6 comments 3 min read 5 use cases of the useState ReactJS hook Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Sep 16 '21 5 use cases of the useState ReactJS hook # react # javascript # webdev # hooks 313 reactions Comments 7 comments 3 min read Hammering down React basics, with a paint coat of Material UI Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Sep 16 '21 Hammering down React basics, with a paint coat of Material UI # react # javascript # html # webdev 31 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read My second vanilla JavaScript Project: using APIs, promises, classes, error handling, and more! Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Sep 16 '21 My second vanilla JavaScript Project: using APIs, promises, classes, error handling, and more! # javascript # html # css # webdev 341 reactions Comments 22 comments 9 min read My first vanilla JavaScript Project: making a simple To-Do app Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Sep 16 '21 My first vanilla JavaScript Project: making a simple To-Do app # javascript # html # css # webdev 22 reactions Comments 4 comments 11 min read Where am I at concerning web development? The catharsis of a lifelong search of my passion Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Apr 19 '21 Where am I at concerning web development? The catharsis of a lifelong search of my passion # motivation # webdev # programming # career 4 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read What an online web development course taught me about human nature Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Jul 7 '20 What an online web development course taught me about human nature # webdev # selfdevelopment # goals # javascript 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/trylvis | trylvis - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions trylvis 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Jun 16, 2022 github website Work Infra / Ops / DevOps Engineer More info about @trylvis Badges Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close Post 0 posts published Comment 2 comments written Tag 14 tags followed Want to connect with trylvis? Create an account to connect with trylvis. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgbPSA94Rqg | Foundation — Official Teaser | Apple TV - YouTube 정보 보도자료 저작권 문의하기 크리에이터 광고 개발자 약관 개인정보처리방침 정책 및 안전 YouTube 작동의 원리 새로운 기능 테스트하기 © 2026 Google LLC, Sundar Pichai, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View CA 94043, USA, 0807-882-594 (무료), yt-support-solutions-kr@google.com, 호스팅: Google LLC, 사업자정보 , 불법촬영물 신고 크리에이터들이 유튜브 상에 게시, 태그 또는 추천한 상품들은 판매자들의 약관에 따라 판매됩니다. 유튜브는 이러한 제품들을 판매하지 않으며, 그에 대한 책임을 지지 않습니다. var ytInitialData = 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https://www.highlight.io/docs/general/company/open-source/contributing/good-first-issues | Good First Issues Star us on GitHub Star Docs Sign in Sign up General Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. 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https://dev.to/alan_tsai_00dbd905e668f74 | Alan Tsai - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions Alan Tsai Genesis Architect behind Meta-DAG. Building AI governance systems. Location Taiwan Joined Joined on Dec 14, 2025 Email address aki08242003@gmail.com Personal website https://github.com/alan-meta-dag/meta_dag_engine_sandbox github website Education Self-directed research in AI governance and systems architecture Pronouns he/him Work Independent architect of Meta-DAG More info about @alan_tsai_00dbd905e668f74 Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close GitHub Repositories meta_dag_engine_sandbox Meta-DAG Engine: Cross-platform AI governance system Python Skills/Languages Python, FastAPI, TimescaleDB, encryption protocols, semantic indexing, AI output governance Currently learning • Context-aware memory systems for AI governance • Contract-first interface design • TimescaleDB + encrypted memory indexing Currently hacking on • Meta-DAG Engine: a cross-platform AI governance layer with encrypted memory and semantic veto triggers Available for • Open-source governance collaborations • Architecture reviews for AI safety systems • Technical writing or protocol design Post 7 posts published Comment 1 comment written Tag 0 tags followed Meta-DAG: Why AI Ethics Failed as Engineering — and What I Built Instead Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Jan 12 Meta-DAG: Why AI Ethics Failed as Engineering — and What I Built Instead # googleaiteamchallenge # aigovernance # aisafety # ai治理 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Want to connect with Alan Tsai? 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Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Jan 10 99%PERFECT,1%..... # ai # governance # processovertrust # 程式設計 Comments Add Comment 1 min read 我以為 AI 會幫我想清楚，結果它把我原本不清楚的放大十倍 😂 Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Jan 6 我以為 AI 會幫我想清楚，結果它把我原本不清楚的放大十倍 😂 # ai # softwaredevelopment # learning # 反思 Comments Add Comment 1 min read Meta-DAG: Building AI Governance with AI Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Jan 3 Meta-DAG: Building AI Governance with AI # showdev # ai # governance # opensource 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read 2025 年，我用一個 17 年前的 Google 老梗，反殺了 Google AI 🤣 Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Dec 31 '25 2025 年，我用一個 17 年前的 Google 老梗，反殺了 Google AI 🤣 # gemini # 科技趣事 # funny Comments Add Comment 1 min read An AI Almost Deleted My Code Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Dec 15 '25 An AI Almost Deleted My Code # ai # opensource # devtools # programming Comments 1 comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/itsugo/the-first-week-at-a-startup-taught-me-more-than-i-expected-158a#comment-33fbg | The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Aryan Choudhary Posted on Jan 9 The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning Since many of you seemed interested in reading more about this, here’s my first-week reflection. My first week at a startup felt less like starting a job and more like stepping into motion that was already happening. There wasn’t a clean boundary around my role. Some days I was coding, some days debugging things I didn’t build, some days thinking through product decisions, other times helping wherever friction appeared. Titles mattered less than momentum. If something needed to move, someone had to move it. I knew this in theory. I wanted this kind of environment. What surprised me was how quickly wearing multiple hats stopped feeling like pressure and started feeling normal. I adapt fast by default. I don’t carry the constant fear that one mistake will end everything. Even when something goes wrong, it rarely means total collapse. In startups especially, people almost always find a way to adjust and recover. That belief makes the workload feel lighter than it looks on paper. At the same time, the instinct to look for better opportunities hasn’t disappeared. It didn’t switch off just because I signed an offer. It’s quieter now, but it’s still there. I don’t see that as disloyalty or restlessness, more like staying aware of my trajectory while committing to the present. What changed most after joining was the internal noise. For months, my mind was stuck in a constant loop of 24x7 applications, interviews, self-image, and preparation. Everything revolved around becoming employable. Now that loop has slowed down. I’m grounded in one place, working on a real set of problems with real constraints. That grounding created space to notice what I had neglected while job hunting. Japanese study had taken a back seat. Fitness became inconsistent. Writing slowed down. Even small creative habits (like voice acting ψ(._. )>) faded because everything was filtered through urgency. Being employed again made it possible to rebalance, but not without trade-offs. Time feels finite in a new way now. Some days that means less coding on personal projects. Some days it means choosing between hobbies. Sometimes it means accepting that momentum can’t be maximized in every direction at once. There are moments when I catch myself thinking I should "get a life", step back or relax more. But I also know this phase is temporary, and I’m grateful to have this many choices in front of me. This feels like a building phase, and I want to respect it without letting it turn into strain. This is just my perspective. People experience startups very differently. Some find them draining. Some thrive. Some leave quickly. I don’t think there’s a single correct way to do this. For me, the lesson from this first week isn’t about grinding harder or protecting myself aggressively. It’s about learning how to stay flexible without being scattered, committed without being trapped, and ambitious without being frantic. I’m still figuring it out. But for now, this feels like the right place to learn how. Top comments (16) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Full-stack builder. Turning critical problems into lean, high-impact tech solutions. Email shalinibhavi525@gmail.com Joined Nov 3, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Love the point about titles mattering less than momentum. In a startup, the 'code' is only half the battle; the rest is just finding where the friction is and greasing the gears. It’s a specific kind of 'building phase' that changes how you think about problem-solving. Don't worry about 'getting a life' just yet—the 0 to 1 phase is where the best stories (and bugs) are made. Great read. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you for reading and supporting me through this comment! Really helps keep my spirits up! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Web Developer Hyper Web Developer Hyper Web Developer Hyper Follow "Having fun with IT technology" is my No.1 priority.🥳🎉 Let's enjoy and grow at the same time.🤝 #AI #ClaudeCode #Codex #Cursor #Cline #MCP #React #Nextjs #AWS #WebDev #FullStackDev Location Japan Joined Dec 27, 2024 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I’m glad to hear you’re doing well in the first week of your new job. I know you’re super clever and will get used to your new role in no time. Good luck!🫡 Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes thank you! I'll do my best! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand SUNNY ANAND SUNNY ANAND SUNNY ANAND Follow Full Stack Systems Engineer building high-performance AI infrastructure. Architect of Nexus Gateway (Open Source AI Cache). Passionate about Go, Distributed Systems, and Scalability. Location India Work Founder @ Nexus Gateway Joined Jan 6, 2026 • Jan 11 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This resonated a lot. Especially the shift from “being employable” to actually solving real problems — that grounding is underrated. Sounds like you’re navigating the chaos with awareness, which is probably the hardest skill to learn early on. Wishing you a solid learning curve ahead Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you for reading and the well wishes @sunny_anand_dev !! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Capin Judicael Akpado Capin Judicael Akpado Capin Judicael Akpado Follow 🎯 Web Developer | ✍️ SEO Content Writer | 🚀 Builder of High-Performance Digital Solutions Location Ouidah, Benin Pronouns He Work Freelance Web developer || SEO Content Writer Joined Jun 20, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thoughtful article ! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you for reading! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ankit Rattan Ankit Rattan Ankit Rattan Follow Coder By Profession, Creator By Mind! Email rattanankit2004@gmail.com Location Remote Education NIT Delhi Work JFL | Ex-Microsoft | Ex-CabEasy Joined Aug 21, 2024 • Jan 10 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yeah.. one learn more in the chaos of a startup week than in a quarter at a giant firm because you are defined by your impact, not just your title. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 10 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Exactly, but the dilemma of which is better for me is still there... Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ankit Rattan Ankit Rattan Ankit Rattan Follow Coder By Profession, Creator By Mind! Email rattanankit2004@gmail.com Location Remote Education NIT Delhi Work JFL | Ex-Microsoft | Ex-CabEasy Joined Aug 21, 2024 • Jan 10 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hmm, that’s common for all ig :) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand jabo Landry jabo Landry jabo Landry Follow Pronouns Developer Prototype Joined Oct 10, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, Congrats on your new experience Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks alot! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand leob leob leob Follow Joined Aug 4, 2017 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Very thoughtful article, almost philosophical, good way to reflect on things! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Email aryanc1240@gmail.com Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you for reading! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (16 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Aryan Choudhary Follow Level up 10x faster Location Pune, India Pronouns He/Him Work SDE 1 Joined Nov 5, 2024 More from Aryan Choudhary I Wanted to Work at a Startup. This Is What the First Glimpse Taught Me # career # startup # learning # beginners What Building Small, Personal Tools Taught Me This Year # productivity # sideprojects # devjournal # learning The 10 Levels of API Development (From Beginner to Production-Ready) # api # beginners # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . 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https://stackoverflow.blog/podcast/ | The Stack Overflow Podcast - Stack Overflow Blog Loading… Everything Productivity AI/ML Open Source Business Hub Company Releases Podcast Newsletter Stack Overflow Business Stack Internal : the knowledge intelligence layer that powers enterprise AI. Stack Data Licensing : decades of verified, technical knowledge to boost AI performance and trust. Stack Ads : engage developers where it matters — in their daily workflow. The Stack Overflow Podcast Related Tags AI ai coding agentic AI AI agents software development autonomous agents Subscribe to the podcast Get The Stack Overflow Podcast at your favorite listening service. Apple Podcasts Overcast Overcast Pocket Casts Spotify RSS feed January 13, 2026 Vibe code anything in a Hanselminute Ryan welcomes back the mighty Scott Hanselman, VP of Developer Community at Microsoft, for a crossover episode about all things vibe coding. 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Post 17 posts published Comment 114 comments written Tag 17 tags followed Pin Pinned How Every Web Developer Can Become FullStack With Node.js dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Sep 10 '21 How Every Web Developer Can Become FullStack With Node.js # beginners # node # javascript 241 reactions Comments 3 comments 25 min read Here's what every React Developer needs to know about TypeScript - Part 1 dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow May 28 '21 Here's what every React Developer needs to know about TypeScript - Part 1 # beginners # react # javascript # typescript 216 reactions Comments 5 comments 21 min read Why you should use Chakra UI in React dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Apr 30 '21 Why you should use Chakra UI in React # react # webdev # nextjs # tutorial 98 reactions Comments 9 comments 11 min read How to get cool animations in your React projects dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Jun 8 '22 How to get cool animations in your React projects # webdev # javascript # beginners # react 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 14 min read Want to connect with dastasoft? 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Sergey Posted on Mar 11, 2021 CSS Modules vs CSS-in-JS. Who wins? # webdev # css # javascript # react Introduction In modern React application development, there are many approaches to organizing application styles. One of the popular ways of such an organization is the CSS-in-JS approach (in the article we will use styled-components as the most popular solution) and CSS Modules. In this article, we will try to answer the question: which is better CSS-in-JS or CSS Modules ? So let's get back to basics. When a web page was primarily set for storing textual documentation and didn't include user interactions, properties were introduced to style the content. Over time, the web became more and more popular, sites got bigger, and it became necessary to reuse styles. For these purposes, CSS was invented. Cascading Style Sheets. Cascading plays a very important role in this name. We write styles that lay like a waterfall over the hollows of our document, filling it with colors and highlighting important elements. Time passed, the web became more and more complex, and we are facing the fact that the styles cascade turned into a problem for us. Distributed teams, working on their parts of the system, combining them into reusable modules, assemble an application from pieces, like Dr. Frankenstein, stitching styles into one large canvas, can get the sudden result... Due to the cascade, the styles of module 1 can affect the display of module 3, and module 4 can make changes to the global styles and change the entire display of the application in general. Developers have started to think of solving this problem. Style naming conventions were created to avoid overlaps, such as Yandex's BEM or Atomic CSS. The idea is clear, we operate with names in order to get predictability, but at the same time to prevent repetitions. These approaches were crashed of the rocks of the human factor. Anyway, we have no guarantee that the developer from team A won't use the name from team C. The naming problem can only be solved by assigning a random name to the CSS class. Thus, we get a completely independent CSS set of styles that will be applied to a specific HTML block and we understand for sure that the rest of the system won't be affected in any way. And then 2 approaches came onto the stage to organize our CSS: CSS Modules and CSS-in-JS . Under the hood, having a different technical implementation, and in fact solving the problem of atomicity, reusability, and avoiding side effects when writing CSS. Technically, CSS Modules transforms style names using a hash-based on the filename, path, style name. Styled-components handles styles in JS runtime, adding them as they go to the head HTML section (<head>). Approaches overview Let's see which approach is more optimal for writing a modern web application! Let's imagine we have a basic React application: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import ' ./App.css ' ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < div className = "title" > React application title </ div > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode CSS styles of this application: .title { padding : 20px ; background-color : #222 ; text-align : center ; color : white ; font-size : 1.5em ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The dependencies are React 16.14 , react-dom 16.14 Let's try to build this application using webpack using all production optimizations. we've got uglified JS - 129kb separated and minified CSS - 133 bytes The same code in CSS Modules will look like this: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import styles from ' ./App.module.css ' ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < div className = { styles . title } > React application title </ div > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode uglified JS - 129kb separated and minified CSS - 151 bytes The CSS Modules version will take up a couple of bytes more due to the impossibility of compressing the long generated CSS names. Finally, let's rewrite the same code under styled-components: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import styles from ' styled-components ' ; const Title = styles . h1 ` padding: 20px; background-color: #222; text-align: center; color: white; font-size: 1.5em; ` ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < Title > React application title </ Title > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode uglified JS - 163kb CSS file is missing The more than 30kb difference between CSS Modules and CSS-in-JS (styled-components) is due to styled-components adding extra code to add styles to the <head> part of the HTML document. In this synthetic test, the CSS Modules approach wins, since the build system doesn't add something extra to implement it, except for the changed class name. Styled-components due to technical implementation, adds dependency as well as code for runtime handling and styling of <head>. Now let's take a quick look at the pros and cons of CSS-in-JS / CSS Modules. Pros and cons CSS-in-JS cons The browser won't start interpreting the styles until styled-components has parsed them and added them to the DOM, which slows down rendering. The absence of CSS files means that you cannot cache separate CSS. One of the key downsides is that most libraries don't support this approach and we still can't get rid of CSS. All native JS and jQuery plugins are written without using this approach. Not all React solutions use it. Styles integration problems. When a markup developer prepares a layout for a JS developer, we may forget to transfer something; there will also be difficulty in synchronizing a new version of layout and JS code. We can't use CSS utilities: SCSS, Less, Postcss, stylelint, etc. pros Styles can use JS logic. This reminds me of Expression in IE6, when we could wrap some logic in our styles (Hello, CSS Expressions :) ). const Title = styles . h1 ` padding: 20px; background-color: #222; text-align: center; color: white; font-size: 1.5em; ${ props => props . secondary && css ` background-color: #fff; color: #000; padding: 10px; font-size: 1em; ` } ` ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode When developing small modules, it simplifies the connection to the project, since you only need to connect the one independent JS file. It is semantically nicer to use <Title> in a React component than <h1 className={style.title}>. CSS Modules cons To describe global styles, you must use a syntax that does not belong to the CSS specification. :global ( .myclass ) { text-decoration : underline ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Integrating into a project, you need to include styles. Working with typescript, you need to automatically or manually generate interfaces. For these purposes, I use webpack loader: @teamsupercell/typings-for-css-modules-loader pros We work with regular CSS, it makes it possible to use SCSS, Less, Postcss, stylelint, and more. Also, you don't waste time on adapting the CSS to JS. No integration of styles into the code, clean code as result. Almost 100% standardized except for global styles. Conclusion So the fundamental problem with the CSS-in-JS approach is that it's not CSS! This kind of code is harder to maintain if you have a defined person in your team working on markup. Such code will be slower, due to the fact that the CSS rendered into the file is processed in parallel, and the CSS-in-JS cannot be rendered into a separate CSS file. And the last fundamental flaw is the inability to use ready-made approaches and utilities, such as SCSS, Less and Stylelint, and so on. On the other hand, the CSS-in-JS approach can be a good solution for the Frontend team who deals with both markup and JS, and develops all components from scratch. Also, CSS-in-JS will be useful for modules that integrate into other applications. In my personal opinion, the issue of CSS cascading is overrated. If we are developing a small application or site, with one team, then we are unlikely to encounter a name collision or the difficulty of reusing components. If you faced with this problem, I recommend considering CSS Modules, as, in my opinion, this is a more optimal solution for the above factors. In any case, whatever you choose, write meaningful code and don't get fooled by the hype. Hype will pass, and we all have to live with it. Have great and interesting projects, dear readers! Top comments (30) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Senior Software Engineer Work Senior Software Engineer Joined Feb 17, 2020 • Mar 12 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide One pro of CSS, the hot reload is instant when you just change CSS, with CSS in JS the project is recompiled. For CSS-in-JS I find easier to reuse that code in a React Native project. My personal conclusion is that we are constantly trying to avoid CSS but at the end of the day, CSS will stay here forever. Great article btw! Like comment: Like comment: 25 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GreggHume GreggHume GreggHume Follow A developer who works with and on some of the worlds leading brands. My company is called Cold Brew Studios, see you out there :) Joined Mar 10, 2021 • Mar 9 '22 • Edited on Mar 9 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I ran into issues with css modules that styled components seemed to solve. But i ran into issues with styled components that I wouldn't have had with plain scss. So some things to think about: Styled components is a lot more overhead because all the styled components need to be complied into stylesheets and mounted to the head by javascript which is a blocking language. On SSR styled components get compiled into a ServerStyleSheet that then hydrate the react dom tree in the browser via the context api. So even then the mounting of styles only happens in the browser but the parsing of styles happens on the server - that is still a performance penalty and will slow down the page load. In some cases I had no issues with styled components but as my site grew and in complex cases I couldn't help but feel like it was slower, or didn't load as smoothly... and in a world where every second matters, this was a problem for me. Here is an article doing benchmarks on CSS vs CSS in JS: pustelto.com/blog/css-vs-css-in-js... I use nextjs, it is a pity they do not support component level css and we are forced to use css modules or styled components... where as with Nuxt component level scss is part of the package and you have the option on how you want the sites css to bundled - all in one file, split into their own files and some other nifty options. I hope nextjs sharped up on this. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Follow 🕊 Location Lagos, Nigeria Work Software Developer Joined Feb 18, 2021 • Jun 22 '22 • Edited on Jun 22 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide A big tip that might help. Why not use SCSS and unique classNames: For example create a unique container className (name of the component) and nest all the other classNames under that unique container className. .home-page-guest { .nav {} .main {} .footer {} } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode < div className = " home-page-guest " > < div className = " nav " /> < div className = " main " /> < div className = " footer " /> < /div > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I bet you did Greg Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Hank Queston Hank Queston Hank Queston Follow Work CTO at Bonfire Joined May 25, 2021 • May 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I agreed, CSS Modules make a lot more sense to me over Styled Components, always have! Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Comment deleted Collapse Expand Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Apr 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide @Petar Kokev If something I learned from this years of working with React and other projects is that the correct library for project isn't the correct library for another. So the mos important think that we need to do is select the tools, libraries and technologies that fit better to the current project. In this case you can't use Styled-components on sites that require a good SEO, becouse the mos important think here is the SEO and you cant sacrify it. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand thedev1232 thedev1232 thedev1232 Follow tech enthusiast - code to the nuts Location sanjose Work Senior dev Manager at self Joined Oct 26, 2020 • Mar 31 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide How about having to deal with libraries like Material UI with next js? I have an issue to decide whether to use just makeStyles function or should we use styled components? My main concern is code longevity and maintenance without any issues Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Will Farley Will Farley Will Farley Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Jan 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide My big issues with styled components is they are deeply coupled with your code. I've opted to use emotion's css utility exclusively and instructed my team to avoid using any of the styled component features. We've loved it but this was a few years ago. For newer projects I'm going with the css modules design. Also why does anyone care about sass anymore? With css variables and the css nesting module in the specification, you get the best parts of sass with vanilla css. The other features are just overkill for a css-module that should represent a single react component and thus nothing :global . Complicated sass directives and stuff are just overkill. Turn it into a react component and don't make any crazy css systems. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Follow 🕊 Location Lagos, Nigeria Work Software Developer Joined Feb 18, 2021 • Mar 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Same I was trying to revamp my personal site, I discovered that I would have to rewrite alot of things, and then I later gave up. I would advice css modules are the way to go, and it greatly helps with SEO. And in teams using SC, naming becomes an issue because some people don't know how to name components and you have to scroll around, just to check if a component is a h1 tag 🤮 CACHEing I can't stress this enough, for enterprise in-house apps it doesn't really matter, but for everyday consumer-essentric apps CACHEing should not be overlooked Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Matty Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Will Farley Will Farley Will Farley Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Jan 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You can still have a top-level css file that isn't a css module for global stuff Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Petar Kolev Petar Kolev Petar Kolev Follow Senior Software Engineer with React && TypeScript Location Bulgaria Work Senior Software Engineer @ alkem.io Joined Nov 27, 2019 • Sep 10 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It is not true that with styled-components one can't use scss syntax, etc. styled-components supports it. Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eduard Eduard Eduard Follow Taxation is robbery Joined Oct 25, 2019 • Mar 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide How about css-in-js frameworks like material-ua, chakra-ui and others? In my opinion, they dramatically speed up development. Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Apr 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide In my personal opinion I see Styled Components more for a Single Page Aplications where the SEO isn't important and is unecessary to cache css files. In the case of static web site or a site that must have a good SEO the Module-Css is better. @greggcbs My recomendation is to use code splitting if you have problem with the performans when you use Styled-Components in your project, in order to avoid brign all code in the first load of the site. Good article @sergey Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Jess Rodriguez celly Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gass Gass Gass Follow hi there 👋 Email g.szada@gmail.com Location Budapest, Hungary Education engineering Work software developer @ itemis Joined Dec 25, 2021 • Apr 25 '22 • Edited on Apr 25 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good post. I've been using CSS modules for a short time now and I like it. Allows everything to be nicely compartmentalized. I also like that it gives more freedom to name classes in smaller chunks of CSS code. Instead of using it like so: {styles.my_class} I preffer {s.my_class} makes the code looks nicer and more concise. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mario Iliev Mario Iliev Mario Iliev Follow Joined Jun 14, 2023 • Jun 14 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I'm sorry but it seems that you don't have much experience with Styled Components. "And the last fundamental flaw is the inability to use ready-made approaches and utilities, such as SCSS, Less and Stylelint, and so on." Not a single thing here is true. SCSS is the original syntax of the package, you can use Stylelint as well. There are a lot more "pros" which are not listed here. By working with JS you are opened to another world. I'll list some more "pros" from the top of my head: consume and validate your theme colors as pure JS object consume state/props and create dynamic CSS out of it you have plugins which can be a live savers in cases like RTL (right to left orientation). Whoever had to support an app/website with RTL will be magically saved by this plugin. You can create custom plugins to fix various problems, or make your own linting in your team project. you don't think about CSS class names and collision. I prefer to be focused on thinking about variable names in my JS only and not spending effort in the CSS as well when you break your visual habits you will realise that's it's easier to have your CSS in your JS file just the way you got used to have your HTML in your JS file (React) In these days CSS has become a monster. You have inheritance, mixins, variables, IF statements, loops etc. Sure they can be useful somewhere but I'm pretty sure that most of you just need to center that div. So in my personal opinion we should strive to keep CSS as simpler as possible (as with everything actually) and I think that Styled Components are kind of pushing you to do exactly that. Don't re-use CSS, re-use components! The only global things you should have are probably just the color theme and animations. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Annie-Huang Annie-Huang Annie-Huang Follow Joined Mar 14, 2021 • Feb 16 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Couldn't agree more on the last two bullet points~~ Like comment: Like comment: Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand DrBeehre DrBeehre DrBeehre Follow Location New Zealand Work Software Engineer at Self-Employed Joined Nov 10, 2020 • Mar 14 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is awesome! I'm quite new to Web dev in particular and when starting a new project, I've often wondered which approach is better as I could see pros and cons to both, but I never found the time to dig in. Thanks for pulling all this together into a concise blog post! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (30 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Sergey Follow Joined Nov 18, 2020 More from Sergey Mastering the Dependency Inversion Principle: Best Practices for Clean Code with DI # webdev # javascript # typescript # programming Rockpack 2.0 Official Release # react # javascript # webdev # showdev Project Structure. Repository and folders. Review of approaches. # javascript # react # webdev # codenewbie 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
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Go to Trust Center Frequently asked questions General What is GitHub Copilot? GitHub Copilot transforms the developer experience. Backed by the leaders in AI, GitHub Copilot provides contextualized assistance throughout the software development lifecycle, from code completions and chat assistance in the IDE to code explanations and answers to docs in GitHub and more. With GitHub Copilot elevating their workflow, developers can focus on: value, innovation, and happiness. GitHub Copilot enables developers to focus more energy on problem solving and collaboration and spend less effort on the mundane and boilerplate. That’s why developers who use GitHub Copilot report up to 75% higher satisfaction with their jobs than those who don’t and are up to 55% more productive at writing code without sacrifice to quality, which all adds up to engaged developers shipping great software faster. GitHub Copilot integrates with leading editors, including Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, JetBrains IDEs, and Neovim, and, unlike other AI coding assistants, is natively built into GitHub. Growing to millions of individual users and tens of thousands of business customers, GitHub Copilot is the world’s most widely adopted AI developer tool and the competitive advantage developers ask for by name. Who is eligible to access GitHub Copilot for free? GitHub Copilot Free is a new free pricing tier with limited functionality for individual developers. Users assigned a Copilot Business or Copilot Enterprise seat are not eligible for access. Users with access to Copilot Pro through a paid subscription, trial, or through an existing verified OSS, student, faculty, or MVP account may elect to use Free instead. What languages, IDEs, and platforms does GitHub Copilot support? GitHub Copilot is trained on all languages that appear in public repositories. For each language, the quality of suggestions you receive may depend on the volume and diversity of training data for that language. For example, JavaScript is well-represented in public repositories and is one of GitHub Copilot’s best supported languages. Languages with less representation in public repositories may produce fewer or less robust suggestions. GitHub Copilot is available as an extension in Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, Vim, Neovim, the JetBrains suite of IDEs, and Azure Data Studio. Although code completion functionality is available across all these extensions, chat functionality is currently available only in Visual Studio Code, JetBrains, and Visual Studio. GitHub Copilot is also supported in terminals through GitHub CLI and as a chat integration in Windows Terminal Canary. With the GitHub Copilot Enterprise plan, GitHub Copilot is natively integrated into GitHub.com. All plans are supported in GitHub Copilot in GitHub Mobile. GitHub Mobile for Copilot Pro and Copilot Business have access to Bing and public repository code search. Copilot Enterprise in GitHub Mobile gives you additional access to your organization's knowledge. Does GitHub Copilot “copy/paste”? No, GitHub Copilot generates suggestions using probabilistic determination. When thinking about intellectual property and open source issues, it is critical to understand how GitHub Copilot really works. The AI models that create GitHub Copilot’s suggestions may be trained on public code, but do not contain any code. When they generate a suggestion, they are not “copying and pasting” from any codebase. To generate a code suggestion, the GitHub Copilot extension begins by examining the code in your editor—focusing on the lines just before and after your cursor, but also information including other files open in your editor and the URLs of repositories or file paths to identify relevant context. That information is sent to GitHub Copilot’s model, to make a probabilistic determination of what is likely to come next and generate suggestions. To generate a suggestion for chat in the code editor, the GitHub Copilot extension creates a contextual prompt by combining your prompt with additional context including the code file open in your active document, your code selection, and general workspace information, such as frameworks, languages, and dependencies. That information is sent to GitHub Copilot’s model, to make a probabilistic determination of what is likely to come next and generate suggestions. To generate a suggestion for chat on GitHub.com, such as providing an answer to a question from your chat prompt, GitHub Copilot creates a contextual prompt by combining your prompt with additional context including previous prompts, the open pages on GitHub.com as well as retrieved context from your codebase or Bing search. That information is sent to GitHub Copilot’s model, to make a probabilistic determination of what is likely to come next and generate suggestions. What are the differences between the GitHub Copilot Business, GitHub Copilot Enterprise, and GitHub Copilot Individual plans? GitHub Copilot has multiple offerings for organizations and an offering for individual developers. All the offerings include both code completion and chat assistance. The primary differences between the organization offerings and the individual offering are license management, policy management, and IP indemnity. Organizations can choose between GitHub Copilot Business and GitHub Copilot Enterprise. GitHub Copilot Business primarily features GitHub Copilot in the coding environment - that is the IDE, CLI and GitHub Mobile. GitHub Copilot Enterprise includes everything in GitHub Copilot Business. It also adds an additional layer of customization for organizations and integrates into GitHub.com as a chat interface to allow developers to converse with GitHub Copilot throughout the platform. GitHub Copilot Enterprise can index an organization’s codebase for a deeper understanding of the customer’s knowledge for more tailored suggestions and will offer customers access to fine-tuned custom, private models for code completion. GitHub Copilot Individual is designed for individual developers, freelancers, students, educators, and open source maintainers. The plan includes all the features of GitHub Copilot Business except organizational license management, policy management, and IP indemnity. What data has GitHub Copilot been trained on? GitHub Copilot is powered by generative AI models developed by GitHub, OpenAI, and Microsoft. It has been trained on natural language text and source code from publicly available sources, including code in public repositories on GitHub. Which plan includes GitHub Copilot Autofix? GitHub Copilot Autofix provides contextual explanations and code suggestions to help developers fix vulnerabilities in code, and is included in GitHub Advanced Security . What if I do not want GitHub Copilot? GitHub Copilot is entirely optional and requires you to opt in before gaining access. You can easily configure its usage directly in the editor, enabling or disabling it at any time. Additionally, you have control over which file types GitHub Copilot is active for. How do I control access to GitHub Copilot in my company? Access to Copilot Business and Enterprise is managed by your GitHub Administrator. They can control access to preview features, models, and set GitHub Copilot policies for your organization. Additionally, you can use your network firewall to explicitly allow access to Copilot Business and/or block access to Copilot Pro or Free. For more details, refer to the documentation . Plans & pricing What are the differences between the Free, Pro, Business, and Enterprise plans? GitHub Copilot has multiple offerings for organizations and an offering for individual developers. All the offerings include both code completion and chat assistance. The primary differences between the organization offerings and the individual offering are license management, policy management, and IP indemnity. Organizations can choose between GitHub Copilot Business and GitHub Copilot Enterprise. GitHub Copilot Business primarily features GitHub Copilot in the coding environment - that is the IDE, CLI and GitHub Mobile. GitHub Copilot Enterprise includes everything in GitHub Copilot Business. It also adds an additional layer of customization for organizations and integrates into GitHub.com as a chat interface to allow developers to converse with Copilot throughout the platform. GitHub Copilot Enterprise can index an organization’s codebase for a deeper understanding of the customer’s knowledge for more tailored suggestions and will offer customers access to fine-tuned custom, private models for code completion. GitHub Copilot Pro is designed for individual developers, freelancers, students, educators, and open source maintainers. The plan includes all the features of GitHub Copilot Business except organizational license management, policy management, and IP indemnity. How can I upgrade my GitHub Copilot Free license to Copilot Pro? If you're on the Free plan, you can upgrade to Pro through your Copilot settings page or directly on the Copilot marketing page . What is included in GitHub Copilot Free? GitHub Copilot Free users are limited to 2000 completions and 50 chat requests (including Copilot Edits). Which plan includes GitHub Copilot Autofix? GitHub Copilot Autofix provides contextual explanations and code suggestions to help developers fix vulnerabilities in code, and is included in GitHub Advanced Security and available to all public repositories. Can users in my organization use Copilot code reviews for their pull requests if they don’t have a Copilot license? Organizations can now enable Copilot code review on all pull requests on github.com—including pull requests from users who are not assigned a Copilot license . This allows you to extend the quality and rich analysis of Copilot code review to all pull requests, regardless of its author, giving you complete coverage and confidence that pull requests have been reviewed. To enable this functionality, an enterprise/org admin must first have Copilot enabled and then enabled two policies. Note : This capability is not supported for Copilot code reviews in VS Code or other IDEs. How am I billed for Copilot code review usage from users without a Copilot license? Usage from non-licensed users is billed directly to your organization as "premium requests" (PRUs) at the standard multiplier rate for Copilot code review. This flexible model allows you to get full review coverage on every PR without needing to purchase a full Copilot seat for non-development contributors who may not need Copilot. Usage from your existing licensed users simply continues to draw from their included monthly allowance as it does today. Is Copilot code review usage from users without a Copilot license enabled by default? How do I control the cost? No. This capability is off by default and gives the enterprise admin control to enable or disable. An admin must explicitly enable two separate policies to activate: ‘Premium request paid usage’ must be enabled to allow enterprises to be charged for premium requests exceeding their included usage. A new Copilot code review policy ( ‘Allow members without a Copilot license to use Copilot code review in github.com’ ) must also be enabled. We encourage admins to set up budgets to control spending on our metered products , especially customers who have not enabled the ‘Premium request paid usage’ policy in the past. You can track all premium request usage in your billing dashboard to monitor and control spending. Privacy What personal data does GitHub Copilot process? GitHub Copilot processes personal data based on how Copilot is accessed and used: whether via GitHub.com, mobile app, extensions, or one of various IDE extensions, or through features like suggestions for the command line interface (CLI), IDE code completions, or personalized chat on GitHub.com. The types of personal data processed may include: User Engagement Data: This includes pseudonymous identifiers captured on user interactions with Copilot, such as accepted or dismissed completions, error messages, system logs, and product usage metrics. Prompts: These are inputs for chat or code, along with context, sent to Copilot's AI to generate suggestions. Suggestions: These are the AI-generated code lines or chat responses provided to users based on their prompts. Feedback Data: This comprises real-time user feedback, including reactions (e.g., thumbs up/down) and optional comments, along with feedback from support tickets. Does GitHub use Copilot Business or Enterprise data to train GitHub’s model? No. GitHub does not use either Copilot Business or Enterprise data to train its models. How does GitHub use the Copilot data? How GitHub uses Copilot data depends on how the user accesses Copilot and for what purpose. Users can access GitHub Copilot through the web, extensions, mobile apps, computer terminal, and various IDEs (Integrated Development Environments). GitHub generally uses personal data to: Deliver, maintain, and update the services as per the customer's configuration and usage, to ensure personalized experiences and recommendations Troubleshoot, which involves preventing, detecting, resolving, and mitigating issues, including security incidents and product-related problems, by fixing software bugs and maintaining the online services' functionality and up-to-dateness Enhance user productivity, reliability, effectiveness, quality, privacy, accessibility, and security by keeping the service current and operational These practices are outlined in GitHub’s Data Protection Agreement ( DPA) , which details our data handling commitments to our data controller customers. GitHub also uses certain personal data with customer authorization under the DPA, for the following purposes: Billing and account management To comply with and resolve legal obligations For abuse detection, prevention, and protection, virus scanning, and scanning to detect violations of terms of service To generate summary reports for calculating employee commissions and partner incentives To produce aggregated reports for internal use and strategic planning, covering areas like forecasting, revenue analysis, capacity planning, and product strategy, For details on GitHub's data processing activities as a controller, particularly for Copilot Pro customers, refer to the GitHub Privacy Statement . How long does GitHub retain Copilot data for Business and Enterprise customers? If and for how long GitHub’s retains Copilot data depends on how a Copilot user accesses Copilot and for what purpose. The default settings for Copilot Business and Enterprise Customers are as follows: Access through IDE for Chat and Code Completions: Prompts and Suggestions: Not retained User Engagement Data: Kept for two years. Feedback Data: Stored for as long as needed for its intended purpose. All other GitHub Copilot access and use: Prompts and Suggestions: Retained for 28 days. User Engagement Data: Kept for two years. Feedback Data: Stored for as long as needed for its intended purpose. Why do some Copilot features retain prompts and suggestions? Retaining prompts and suggestions is necessary for chat on github.com, mobile, and CLI Copilot because those features’ effectiveness depends on using thread history to improve responses. The Copilot model requires access to previous interactions to deliver accurate and relevant suggestions. Does GitHub Copilot support compliance with the GDPR and other data protection laws? Yes. GitHub and customers can enter a Data Protection Agreement that supports compliance with the GDPR and similar legislation. Does GitHub Copilot ever output personal data? While we've designed GitHub Copilot with privacy in mind, the expansive definition of personal data under legislation like the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) means we can't guarantee it will never output such data. The Large Language Model (LLM) powering GitHub Copilot was trained on public code and there were instances in our tests where the tool made suggestions resembling personal data. These suggestions were typically synthesized and not tied to real individuals. How does Copilot allow users to access, alter or delete personal data? These actions are available to Copilot users as described in the GitHub Privacy Statement . Responsible AI What are the intellectual property considerations when using GitHub Copilot? The primary IP considerations for GitHub Copilot relate to copyright. The model that powers Copilot is trained on a broad collection of publicly accessible code, which may include copyrighted code, and Copilot’s suggestions (in rare instances) may resemble the code its model was trained on. Here’s some basic information you should know about these considerations: Copyright law permits the use of copyrighted works to train AI models: Countries around the world have provisions in their copyright laws that enable machines to learn, understand, extract patterns, and facts from copyrighted materials, including software code. For example, the European Union, Japan, and Singapore, have express provisions permitting machine learning to develop AI models. Other countries including Canada, India, and the United States also permit such training under their fair use/fair dealing provisions. GitHub Copilot’s AI model was trained with the use of code from GitHub’s public repositories—which are publicly accessible and within the scope of permissible copyright use. What about copyright risk in suggestions? In rare instances (less than 1% based on GitHub’s research), suggestions from GitHub may match examples of code used to train GitHub’s AI model. Again, Copilot does not “look up” or “copy and paste” code, but is instead using context from a user’s workspace to synthesize and generate a suggestion. Our experience shows that matching suggestions are most likely to occur in two situations: (i) when there is little or no context in the code editor for Copilot’s model to synthesize, or (ii) when a matching suggestion represents a common approach or method. If a code suggestion matches existing code, there is risk that using that suggestion could trigger claims of copyright infringement, which would depend on the amount and nature of code used, and the context of how the code is used. In many ways, this is the same risk that arises when using any code that a developer does not originate, such as copying code from an online source, or reusing code from a library. That is why responsible organizations and developers recommend that users employ code scanning policies to identify and evaluate potential matching code. In Copilot, you can opt whether to allow Copilot to suggest code completions that match publicly available code on GitHub.com. For more information, see " Configuring GitHub Copilot settings on GitHub.com ". If you have allowed suggestions that match public code, GitHub Copilot can provide you with details about the matching code when you accept such suggestions. Matching code does not necessarily mean copyright infringement, so it is ultimately up to the user to determine whether to use the suggestion, and what and who to attribute (along with other license compliance) in appropriate circumstances. Does GitHub Copilot include a filtering mechanism to mitigate risk? Yes, GitHub Copilot does include an optional code referencing filter to detect and suppress certain suggestions that match public code on GitHub. GitHub has created a duplication detection filter to detect and suppress suggestions that contain code segments over a certain length that match public code on GitHub. This filter can be enabled by the administrator for your enterprise and it can apply for all organizations within your enterprise, or the administrator can defer control to individual organizations. With the filter enabled, Copilot checks code suggestions for matches or near-matches against public code on GitHub of 65 lexemes or more (on average,150 characters). If there is a match, the suggestion will not be shown to the user. In addition to off-topic, harmful, and offensive output filters, GitHub Copilot also scans the outputs for vulnerable code. Does GitHub Copilot include features to make it easier for users to identify potentially relevant open source licenses for matching suggestions? Yes, GitHub Copilot is previewing a code referencing feature as an additional tool to assist users to find and review potentially relevant open source licenses. Code referencing is currently available in Visual Studio Code. This feature searches across public GitHub repositories for code that matches a Copilot suggestion. If there’s a match, users will find its information displayed in the Copilot console log, including where the match occurred, any applicable licenses, and a deep link to learn more. The deep link will take users to a navigable page on GitHub.com to browse examples of the code match and their repository licenses, and see how many repositories—including ones without licenses—that code appears in, as well as links to those repositories. Copilot users can review this information to determine whether the applicable suggestions are suitable for use, and whether additional measures may be necessary to use them. Who owns the suggestions provided by GitHub Copilot? We don’t determine whether a suggestion is capable of being owned, but we are clear that GitHub does not claim ownership of a suggestion. Whether a suggestion generated by an AI model can be owned depends on many factors (e.g. the intellectual property law in the relevant country, the length of the suggestion, the extent that suggestion is considered ‘functional’ instead of expressive, etc). If a suggestion is capable of being owned, our terms are clear: GitHub does not claim ownership. GitHub does not claim ownership of any suggestion. In certain cases, it is possible for Copilot to produce similar suggestions to different users. For example, two unrelated users both starting new files to code the quicksort algorithm in Java will likely get the same suggestion. The possibility of providing similar suggestions to multiple users is a common part of generative AI systems. Can GitHub Copilot introduce insecure code in its suggestions? Public code may contain insecure coding patterns, bugs, or references to outdated APIs or idioms. When GitHub Copilot synthesizes code suggestions based on this data, it can also synthesize code that contains these undesirable patterns. Copilot has filters in place that either block or notify users of insecure code patterns that are detected in Copilot suggestions. These filters target the most common vulnerable coding patterns, including hardcoded credentials , SQL injections , and path injections . Additionally, in recent years we’ve provided tools such as GitHub Advanced Security, GitHub Actions, Dependabot, and CodeQL to open source projects to help improve code quality. Of course, you should always use GitHub Copilot together with good testing and code review practices and security tools, as well as your own judgment. Is GitHub Copilot intended to fully automate code generation and replace developers? No. Copilot is a tool intended to make developers more efficient. It’s not intended to replace developers, who should continue to apply the same sorts of safeguards and diligence they would apply with regard to any third-party code of unknown origin. The product is called “Copilot” not “Autopilot” and it’s not intended to generate code without oversight. You should use exactly the same sorts of safeguards and diligence with Copilot’s suggestions as you would use with any third-party code. Identifying best practices for use of third party code is beyond the scope of this section. That said, whatever practices your organization currently uses – rigorous functionality testing, code scanning, security testing, etc. – you should continue these policies with Copilot’s suggestions. Moreover, you should make sure your code editor or editor does not automatically compile or run generated code before you review it. Can GitHub Copilot users simply use suggestions without concern? Not necessarily. GitHub Copilot users should align their use of Copilot with their respective risk tolerances. As noted above, GitHub Copilot is not intended to replace developers, or their individual skill and judgment, and is not intended to fully automate the process of code development. The same risks that apply to the use of any third-party code apply to the use of Copilot’s suggestions. Depending on your particular use case, you should consider implementing the protections discussed above. It is your responsibility to assess what is appropriate for the situation and implement appropriate safeguards. You’re entitled to IP indemnification from GitHub for the unmodified suggestions when Copilot’s filtering is enabled. If you do elect to enable this feature, the copyright responsibility is ours, not our customers. As part of our ongoing commitment to responsible AI, GitHub and Microsoft extends our IP indemnity and protection support to our customers who are empowering their teams with GitHub Copilot. See Microsoft's Copilot Copyright Commitment for more details. Does GitHub Copilot support accessibility features? We are conducting internal testing of GitHub Copilot’s ease of use by developers with disabilities and working to ensure that GitHub Copilot is accessible to all developers. Please feel free to share your feedback on GitHub Copilot accessibility in our feedback forum . Does GitHub Copilot produce offensive outputs? GitHub Copilot includes filters to block offensive language in the prompts and to avoid synthesizing suggestions in sensitive contexts. We continue to work on improving the filter system to more intelligently detect and remove offensive outputs. If you see offensive outputs, please report them directly to copilot-safety@github.com so that we can improve our safeguards. GitHub takes this challenge very seriously and we are committed to addressing it. Will GitHub Copilot work as well using languages other than English? Given public sources are predominantly in English, GitHub Copilot will likely work less well in scenarios where natural language prompts provided by the developer are not in English and/or are grammatically incorrect. Therefore, non-English speakers might experience a lower quality of service. What data has GitHub Copilot been trained on? GitHub Copilot is powered by generative AI models developed by GitHub, OpenAI, and Microsoft. It has been trained on natural language text and source code from publicly available sources, including code in public repositories on GitHub. Data from June 2023. Additional research can be found here . Feature in public beta for Copilot Pro and Business plans. Requires use of repositories, issues, discussions, Actions, and other features of GitHub. Authentication with SAML single sign-on (SSO) available for organizations using GitHub Enterprise Cloud. General Plans & pricing Privacy Responsible AI General What is GitHub Copilot? GitHub Copilot transforms the developer experience. Backed by the leaders in AI, GitHub Copilot provides contextualized assistance throughout the software development lifecycle, from code completions and chat assistance in the IDE to code explanations and answers to docs in GitHub and more. With GitHub Copilot elevating their workflow, developers can focus on: value, innovation, and happiness. GitHub Copilot enables developers to focus more energy on problem solving and collaboration and spend less effort on the mundane and boilerplate. That’s why developers who use GitHub Copilot report up to 75% higher satisfaction with their jobs than those who don’t and are up to 55% more productive at writing code without sacrifice to quality, which all adds up to engaged developers shipping great software faster. GitHub Copilot integrates with leading editors, including Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, JetBrains IDEs, and Neovim, and, unlike other AI coding assistants, is natively built into GitHub. Growing to millions of individual users and tens of thousands of business customers, GitHub Copilot is the world’s most widely adopted AI developer tool and the competitive advantage developers ask for by name. Who is eligible to access GitHub Copilot for free? GitHub Copilot Free is a new free pricing tier with limited functionality for individual developers. Users assigned a Copilot Business or Copilot Enterprise seat are not eligible for access. Users with access to Copilot Pro through a paid subscription, trial, or through an existing verified OSS, student, faculty, or MVP account may elect to use Free instead. What languages, IDEs, and platforms does GitHub Copilot support? GitHub Copilot is trained on all languages that appear in public repositories. For each language, the quality of suggestions you receive may depend on the volume and diversity of training data for that language. For example, JavaScript is well-represented in public repositories and is one of GitHub Copilot’s best supported languages. Languages with less representation in public repositories may produce fewer or less robust suggestions. GitHub Copilot is available as an extension in Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, Vim, Neovim, the JetBrains suite of IDEs, and Azure Data Studio. Although code completion functionality is available across all these extensions, chat functionality is currently available only in Visual Studio Code, JetBrains, and Visual Studio. GitHub Copilot is also supported in terminals through GitHub CLI and as a chat integration in Windows Terminal Canary. With the GitHub Copilot Enterprise plan, GitHub Copilot is natively integrated into GitHub.com. All plans are supported in GitHub Copilot in GitHub Mobile. GitHub Mobile for Copilot Pro and Copilot Business have access to Bing and public repository code search. Copilot Enterprise in GitHub Mobile gives you additional access to your organization's knowledge. Does GitHub Copilot “copy/paste”? No, GitHub Copilot generates suggestions using probabilistic determination. When thinking about intellectual property and open source issues, it is critical to understand how GitHub Copilot really works. The AI models that create GitHub Copilot’s suggestions may be trained on public code, but do not contain any code. When they generate a suggestion, they are not “copying and pasting” from any codebase. To generate a code suggestion, the GitHub Copilot extension begins by examining the code in your editor—focusing on the lines just before and after your cursor, but also information including other files open in your editor and the URLs of repositories or file paths to identify relevant context. That information is sent to GitHub Copilot’s model, to make a probabilistic determination of what is likely to come next and generate suggestions. To generate a suggestion for chat in the code editor, the GitHub Copilot extension creates a contextual prompt by combining your prompt with additional context including the code file open in your active document, your code selection, and general workspace information, such as frameworks, languages, and dependencies. That information is sent to GitHub Copilot’s model, to make a probabilistic determination of what is likely to come next and generate suggestions. To generate a suggestion for chat on GitHub.com, such as providing an answer to a question from your chat prompt, GitHub Copilot creates a contextual prompt by combining your prompt with additional context including previous prompts, the open pages on GitHub.com as well as retrieved context from your codebase or Bing search. That information is sent to GitHub Copilot’s model, to make a probabilistic determination of what is likely to come next and generate suggestions. What are the differences between the GitHub Copilot Business, GitHub Copilot Enterprise, and GitHub Copilot Individual plans? GitHub Copilot has multiple offerings for organizations and an offering for individual developers. All the offerings include both code completion and chat assistance. The primary differences between the organization offerings and the individual offering are license management, policy management, and IP indemnity. Organizations can choose between GitHub Copilot Business and GitHub Copilot Enterprise. GitHub Copilot Business primarily features GitHub Copilot in the coding environment - that is the IDE, CLI and GitHub Mobile. GitHub Copilot Enterprise includes everything in GitHub Copilot Business. It also adds an additional layer of customization for organizations and integrates into GitHub.com as a chat interface to allow developers to converse with GitHub Copilot throughout the platform. GitHub Copilot Enterprise can index an organization’s codebase for a deeper understanding of the customer’s knowledge for more tailored suggestions and will offer customers access to fine-tuned custom, private models for code completion. GitHub Copilot Individual is designed for individual developers, freelancers, students, educators, and open source maintainers. The plan includes all the features of GitHub Copilot Business except organizational license management, policy management, and IP indemnity. What data has GitHub Copilot been trained on? GitHub Copilot is powered by generative AI models developed by GitHub, OpenAI, and Microsoft. It has been trained on natural language text and source code from publicly available sources, including code in public repositories on GitHub. Which plan includes GitHub Copilot Autofix? GitHub Copilot Autofix provides contextual explanations and code suggestions to help developers fix vulnerabilities in code, and is included in GitHub Advanced Security . What if I do not want GitHub Copilot? GitHub Copilot is entirely optional and requires you to opt in before gaining access. You can easily configure its usage directly in the editor, enabling or disabling it at any time. Additionally, you have control over which file types GitHub Copilot is active for. How do I control access to GitHub Copilot in my company? Access to Copilot Business and Enterprise is managed by your GitHub Administrator. They can control access to preview features, models, and set GitHub Copilot policies for your organization. Additionally, you can use your network firewall to explicitly allow access to Copilot Business and/or block access to Copilot Pro or Free. For more details, refer to the documentation . Plans & pricing What are the differences between the Free, Pro, Business, and Enterprise plans? GitHub Copilot has multiple offerings for organizations and an offering for individual developers. All the offerings include both code completion and chat assistance. The primary differences between the organization offerings and the individual offering are license management, policy management, and IP indemnity. Organizations can choose between GitHub Copilot Business and GitHub Copilot Enterprise. GitHub Copilot Business primarily features GitHub Copilot in the coding environment - that is the IDE, CLI and GitHub Mobile. GitHub Copilot Enterprise includes everything in GitHub Copilot Business. It also adds an additional layer of customization for organizations and integrates into GitHub.com as a chat interface to allow developers to converse with Copilot throughout the platform. GitHub Copilot Enterprise can index an organization’s codebase for a deeper understanding of the customer’s knowledge for more tailored suggestions and will offer customers access to fine-tuned custom, private models for code completion. GitHub Copilot Pro is designed for individual developers, freelancers, students, educators, and open source maintainers. The plan includes all the features of GitHub Copilot Business except organizational license management, policy management, and IP indemnity. How can I upgrade my GitHub Copilot Free license to Copilot Pro? If you're on the Free plan, you can upgrade to Pro through your Copilot settings page or directly on the Copilot marketing page . What is included in GitHub Copilot Free? GitHub Copilot Free users are limited to 2000 completions and 50 chat requests (including Copilot Edits). Which plan includes GitHub Copilot Autofix? GitHub Copilot Autofix provides contextual explanations and code suggestions to help developers fix vulnerabilities in code, and is included in GitHub Advanced Security and available to all public repositories. Can users in my organization use Copilot code reviews for their pull requests if they don’t have a Copilot license? Organizations can now enable Copilot code review on all pull requests on github.com—including pull requests from users who are not assigned a Copilot license . This allows you to extend the quality and rich analysis of Copilot code review to all pull requests, regardless of its author, giving you complete coverage and confidence that pull requests have been reviewed. To enable this functionality, an enterprise/org admin must first have Copilot enabled and then enabled two policies. Note : This capability is not supported for Copilot code reviews in VS Code or other IDEs. How am I billed for Copilot code review usage from users without a Copilot license? Usage from non-licensed users is billed directly to your organization as "premium requests" (PRUs) at the standard multiplier rate for Copilot code review. This flexible model allows you to get full review coverage on every PR without needing to purchase a full Copilot seat for non-development contributors who may not need Copilot. Usage from your existing licensed users simply continues to draw from their included monthly allowance as it does today. Is Copilot code review usage from users without a Copilot license enabled by default? How do I control the cost? No. This capability is off by default and gives the enterprise admin control to enable or disable. An admin must explicitly enable two separate policies to activate: ‘Premium request paid usage’ must be enabled to allow enterprises to be charged for premium requests exceeding their included usage. A new Copilot code review policy ( ‘Allow members without a Copilot license to use Copilot code review in github.com’ ) must also be enabled. We encourage admins to set up budgets to control spending on our metered products , especially customers who have not enabled the ‘Premium request paid usage’ policy in the past. You can track all premium request usage in your billing dashboard to monitor and control spending. Privacy What personal data does GitHub Copilot process? GitHub Copilot processes personal data based on how Copilot is accessed and used: whether via GitHub.com, mobile app, extensions, or one of various IDE extensions, or through features like suggestions for the command line interface (CLI), IDE code completions, or personalized chat on GitHub.com. The types of personal data processed may include: User Engagement Data: This includes pseudonymous identifiers captured on user interactions with Copilot, such as accepted or dismissed completions, error messages, system logs, and product usage metrics. Prompts: These are inputs for chat or code, along with context, sent to Copilot's AI to generate suggestions. Suggestions: These are the AI-generated code lines or chat responses provided to users based on their prompts. Feedback Data: This comprises real-time user feedback, including reactions (e.g., thumbs up/down) and optional comments, along with feedback from support tickets. Does GitHub use Copilot Business or Enterprise data to train GitHub’s model? No. GitHub does not use either Copilot Business or Enterprise data to train its models. How does GitHub use the Copilot data? How GitHub uses Copilot data depends on how the user accesses Copilot and for what purpose. Users can access GitHub Copilot through the web, extensions, mobile apps, computer terminal, and various IDEs (Integrated Development Environments). GitHub generally uses personal data to: Deliver, maintain, and update the services as per the customer's configuration and usage, to ensure personalized experiences and recommendations Troubleshoot, which involves preventing, detecting, resolving, and mitigating issues, including security incidents and product-related problems, by fixing software bugs and maintaining the online services' functionality and up-to-dateness Enhance user productivity, reliability, effectiveness, quality, privacy, accessibility, and security by keeping the service current and operational These practices are outlined in GitHub’s Data Protection Agreement ( DPA) , which details our data handling commitments to our data controller customers. GitHub also uses certain personal data with customer authorization under the DPA, for the following purposes: Billing and account management To comply with and resolve legal obligations For abuse detection, prevention, and protection, virus scanning, and scanning to detect violations of terms of service To generate summary reports for calculating employee commissions and partner incentives To produce aggregated reports for internal use and strategic planning, covering areas like forecasting, revenue analysis, capacity planning, and product strategy, For details on GitHub's data processing activities as a controller, particularly for Copilot Pro customers, refer to the GitHub Privacy Statement . How long does GitHub retain Copilot data for Business and Enterprise customers? If and for how long GitHub’s retains Copilot data depends on how a Copilot user accesses Copilot and for what purpose. The default settings for Copilot Business and Enterprise Customers are as follows: Access through IDE for Chat and Code Completions: Prompts and Suggestions: Not retained User Engagement Data: Kept for two years. Feedback Data: Stored for as long as needed for its intended purpose. All other GitHub Copilot access and use: Prompts and Suggestions: Retained for 28 days. User Engagement Data: Kept for two years. Feedback Data: Stored for as long as needed for its intended purpose. Why do some Copilot features retain prompts and suggestions? Retaining prompts and suggestions is necessary for chat on github.com, mobile, and CLI Copilot because those features’ effectiveness depends on using thread history to improve responses. The Copilot model requires access to previous interactions to deliver accurate and relevant suggestions. Does GitHub Copilot support compliance with the GDPR and other data protection laws? Yes. GitHub and customers can enter a Data Protection Agreement that supports compliance with the GDPR and similar legislation. Does GitHub Copilot ever output personal data? While we've designed GitHub Copilot with privacy in mind, the expansive definition of personal data under legislation like the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) means we can't guarantee it will never output such data. The Large Language Model (LLM) powering GitHub Copilot was trained on public code and there were instances in our tests where the tool made suggestions resembling personal data. The | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
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https://dev.to/alan_tsai_00dbd905e668f74 | Alan Tsai - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions Alan Tsai Genesis Architect behind Meta-DAG. Building AI governance systems. Location Taiwan Joined Joined on Dec 14, 2025 Email address aki08242003@gmail.com Personal website https://github.com/alan-meta-dag/meta_dag_engine_sandbox github website Education Self-directed research in AI governance and systems architecture Pronouns he/him Work Independent architect of Meta-DAG More info about @alan_tsai_00dbd905e668f74 Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close GitHub Repositories meta_dag_engine_sandbox Meta-DAG Engine: Cross-platform AI governance system Python Skills/Languages Python, FastAPI, TimescaleDB, encryption protocols, semantic indexing, AI output governance Currently learning • Context-aware memory systems for AI governance • Contract-first interface design • TimescaleDB + encrypted memory indexing Currently hacking on • Meta-DAG Engine: a cross-platform AI governance layer with encrypted memory and semantic veto triggers Available for • Open-source governance collaborations • Architecture reviews for AI safety systems • Technical writing or protocol design Post 7 posts published Comment 1 comment written Tag 0 tags followed Meta-DAG: Why AI Ethics Failed as Engineering — and What I Built Instead Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Jan 12 Meta-DAG: Why AI Ethics Failed as Engineering — and What I Built Instead # googleaiteamchallenge # aigovernance # aisafety # ai治理 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Want to connect with Alan Tsai? Create an account to connect with Alan Tsai. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in When AI Governance Calls You "Noise" Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Jan 11 When AI Governance Calls You "Noise" # ai # hardgate # fun # 雜訊 Comments Add Comment 2 min read 99%PERFECT,1%..... Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Jan 10 99%PERFECT,1%..... # ai # governance # processovertrust # 程式設計 Comments Add Comment 1 min read 我以為 AI 會幫我想清楚，結果它把我原本不清楚的放大十倍 😂 Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Jan 6 我以為 AI 會幫我想清楚，結果它把我原本不清楚的放大十倍 😂 # ai # softwaredevelopment # learning # 反思 Comments Add Comment 1 min read Meta-DAG: Building AI Governance with AI Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Jan 3 Meta-DAG: Building AI Governance with AI # showdev # ai # governance # opensource 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read 2025 年，我用一個 17 年前的 Google 老梗，反殺了 Google AI 🤣 Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Dec 31 '25 2025 年，我用一個 17 年前的 Google 老梗，反殺了 Google AI 🤣 # gemini # 科技趣事 # funny Comments Add Comment 1 min read An AI Almost Deleted My Code Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Dec 15 '25 An AI Almost Deleted My Code # ai # opensource # devtools # programming Comments 1 comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/colocodes | Damian Demasi - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Damian Demasi Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Joined Joined on Jun 29, 2020 Personal website https://www.damiandemasi.com/ github website twitter website Work Web Developer Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close 2 Week Community Wellness Streak Keep the community conversation going! Post at least 2 comments for 2 straight weeks and unlock the 4 Week Badge. Got it Close 1 Week Community Wellness Streak For actively engaging with the community by posting at least 2 comments in a single week. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close MongoDB Atlas Hackathon Participant Awarded for submitting a valid project to the MongoDB Atlas Hackathon on DEV. Got it Close Top 7 Awarded for having a post featured in the weekly "must-reads" list. 🙌 Got it Close 8 Week Writing Streak The streak continues! You've written at least one post per week for 8 consecutive weeks. Unlock the 16-week badge next! Got it Close 4 Week Writing Streak You've posted at least one post per week for 4 consecutive weeks! Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close More info about @colocodes Organizations Junior Web Developers GitHub Repositories portfolio-v2 My Web Developer's portfolio JavaScript • 23 stars Skills/Languages HTML, CSS, Javascript, React and a bit of backend: Netlify, Vercel, NodeJS. Currently learning ReactJS, Ruby on Rails Currently hacking on React. Available for Chat, work. Post 34 posts published Comment 138 comments written Tag 19 tags followed Pin Pinned I share my Notion template with over 440 pages of web development content Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Dec 21 '21 I share my Notion template with over 440 pages of web development content # javascript # webdev # beginners # programming 458 reactions Comments 49 comments 2 min read How to become a web developer in 2022, with coach Gandalf Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Dec 14 '21 How to become a web developer in 2022, with coach Gandalf # javascript # webdev # beginners # programming 96 reactions Comments 12 comments 13 min read How I’ve got a web development job one week after publishing my portfolio Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Nov 1 '21 How I’ve got a web development job one week after publishing my portfolio # portfolio # beginners # webdev # tutorial 357 reactions Comments 11 comments 13 min read The Power of Microtools: How AI and "Vibe Coding" Are Changing the Way We Build Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Jun 18 '25 The Power of Microtools: How AI and "Vibe Coding" Are Changing the Way We Build # ai # vibecoding # webdev # productivity 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 7 min read Want to connect with Damian Demasi? Create an account to connect with Damian Demasi. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in How to Learn Python Faster and Easier with This Notion Template Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Feb 14 '24 How to Learn Python Faster and Easier with This Notion Template # python # programming # beginners # learning 36 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Python Project: Analysing Australia's Migration Trends and Economic Impact Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Feb 7 '24 Python Project: Analysing Australia's Migration Trends and Economic Impact # python # programming # database # coding 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Navigating Mutability and Reference Issues in JavaScript Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Feb 27 '23 Navigating Mutability and Reference Issues in JavaScript # discuss # gamedev # modding 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Learning how to code: with our special guest, Ron Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Oct 12 '22 Learning how to code: with our special guest, Ron # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 11 reactions Comments 1 comment 9 min read Learning how to code: the first 3 steps Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Sep 21 '22 Learning how to code: the first 3 steps # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 60 reactions Comments 2 comments 8 min read Learning how to code: what you should know first (part 2) Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Sep 5 '22 Learning how to code: what you should know first (part 2) # webdev # beginners # programming # productivity 22 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Learning how to code: what you should know first (part 1) Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Aug 30 '22 Learning how to code: what you should know first (part 1) # webdev # beginners # programming # productivity 21 reactions Comments 4 comments 6 min read How to debug a React app Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow May 2 '22 How to debug a React app # javascript # webdev # react # debug 240 reactions Comments 5 comments 7 min read Problem-solving techniques to avoid yelling at your computer Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Apr 12 '22 Problem-solving techniques to avoid yelling at your computer # discuss # webdev # javascript # programming 290 reactions Comments 15 comments 11 min read CSS Study Progress Tracker and Roadmap Notion Template Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Mar 8 '22 CSS Study Progress Tracker and Roadmap Notion Template # webdev # beginners # css # html 106 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read HTML Study Progress Tracker Notion Template Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Jan 17 '22 HTML Study Progress Tracker Notion Template # html # webdev # beginners # programming 63 reactions Comments 4 comments 4 min read 🤔 I’m curious: what was your biggest struggle in your web development learning path? Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Jan 9 '22 🤔 I’m curious: what was your biggest struggle in your web development learning path? # discuss # webdev # beginners # programming 7 reactions Comments 8 comments 1 min read Hackathon: Building a MongoDB fuzzy search web app with React, Next.js and TailwindCSS Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Jan 5 '22 Hackathon: Building a MongoDB fuzzy search web app with React, Next.js and TailwindCSS # atlashackathon # mongodb # react # webdev 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Measuring your progress in Web Development: why is it important and how to do it Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Dec 29 '21 Measuring your progress in Web Development: why is it important and how to do it # webdev # beginners # programming # productivity 280 reactions Comments 6 comments 5 min read Are you planning on becoming a web developer in 2022 (or do you know someone who is)? If so, what do you need help with? Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Dec 9 '21 Are you planning on becoming a web developer in 2022 (or do you know someone who is)? If so, what do you need help with? # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 8 reactions Comments 5 comments 1 min read Using Notion to organise programming topics Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Dec 6 '21 Using Notion to organise programming topics # webdev # programming # tutorial # beginners 144 reactions Comments 10 comments 7 min read React: class components vs function components Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Dec 1 '21 React: class components vs function components # react # javascript # beginners # webdev 298 reactions Comments 38 comments 7 min read Learn how to use Git and GitHub in a team like a pro (part 2) Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Nov 22 '21 Learn how to use Git and GitHub in a team like a pro (part 2) # github # webdev # beginners # tutorial 255 reactions Comments 13 comments 9 min read 10 takeaways from my first software developers Meetup Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Nov 18 '21 10 takeaways from my first software developers Meetup # discuss # webdev # beginners # watercooler 27 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read Learn how to use Git and GitHub in a team like a pro Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Nov 17 '21 Learn how to use Git and GitHub in a team like a pro # github # webdev # beginners # tutorial 672 reactions Comments 18 comments 9 min read Recommended courses to learn web development + course giveaway Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Nov 10 '21 Recommended courses to learn web development + course giveaway # discuss # webdev # beginners # giveaway 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read GitHub Copilot blew my mind on a code-along exercise Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Nov 4 '21 GitHub Copilot blew my mind on a code-along exercise # discuss # webdev # programming # productivity 145 reactions Comments 40 comments 3 min read 6 use cases of the useEffect ReactJS hook Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Sep 18 '21 6 use cases of the useEffect ReactJS hook # react # javascript # webdev # hooks 173 reactions Comments 8 comments 8 min read 2 use cases of the useReducer ReactJS hook Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Sep 16 '21 2 use cases of the useReducer ReactJS hook # react # javascript # webdev 224 reactions Comments 6 comments 3 min read 5 use cases of the useState ReactJS hook Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Sep 16 '21 5 use cases of the useState ReactJS hook # react # javascript # webdev # hooks 313 reactions Comments 7 comments 3 min read Hammering down React basics, with a paint coat of Material UI Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Sep 16 '21 Hammering down React basics, with a paint coat of Material UI # react # javascript # html # webdev 31 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read My second vanilla JavaScript Project: using APIs, promises, classes, error handling, and more! Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Sep 16 '21 My second vanilla JavaScript Project: using APIs, promises, classes, error handling, and more! # javascript # html # css # webdev 341 reactions Comments 22 comments 9 min read My first vanilla JavaScript Project: making a simple To-Do app Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Sep 16 '21 My first vanilla JavaScript Project: making a simple To-Do app # javascript # html # css # webdev 22 reactions Comments 4 comments 11 min read Where am I at concerning web development? The catharsis of a lifelong search of my passion Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Apr 19 '21 Where am I at concerning web development? The catharsis of a lifelong search of my passion # motivation # webdev # programming # career 4 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read What an online web development course taught me about human nature Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Jul 7 '20 What an online web development course taught me about human nature # webdev # selfdevelopment # goals # javascript 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://docs.github.com/en/organizations | Organizations and teams documentation - GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Free, Pro, & Team Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar Organizations Home Organizations Collaborate with groups About organizations Organization dashboard Best practices Create new organization Access organization settings Customize organization profile Organization news feed GitHub Actions metrics Manage membership Invite users to join Cancel or edit invitation Remove a member Reinstate a member Export member information Create accounts for people Manage organization roles Roles in an organization Use organization roles Maintain ownership continuity Add a billing manager Remove billing manager Security manager role Managing moderators Manage repository access Manage repository roles Repository roles Set base permissions View people with access Manage individual access Manage team access Manage outside collaborators Add outside collaborator Cancel collaborator invitation Remove collaborator Convert member to collaborator Convert collaborator to member Reinstate collaborator Organize members into teams About organization teams Creating an organization team Add members to a team Team maintainers Team profile picture Code review settings Renaming a team Changing team visibility Configuring team notifications Move a team Add a child team Add or change parent team Remove members Scheduled reminders Deleting a team Manage programmatic access About programmatic access GitHub App managers Review installed GitHub Apps Set a token policy Manage token requests Review token access Limit app requests and installations Manage OAuth access OAuth app restrictions Restrict OAuth apps Unrestrict OAuth apps Approve OAuth app access Deny OAuth app access Manage organization settings Verify or approve a domain Renaming an organization Transfer ownership Restrict repository creation Set repo management policy Set visibility changes policy Manage forking policy Manage pull request reviews Disable or limit actions About private networking About Azure private networking Configuring private networking Troubleshooting Azure private networking Configure retention period Allow issue deletion Organization discussions Manage repository discussions Manage the commit signoff policy Restrict team creation Manage scheduled reminders Manage default branch name Manage default labels Manage display of member names Manage sponsorship updates Manage Pages site publication Archive an organization Delete organization Convert organization to user Upgrade to Corporate ToS Disable projects Manage projects base permissions Project visibility permissions Create rulesets Manage rulesets Repository custom properties Manage or restrict models Organization security Manage 2FA View 2FA usage Prepare to require 2FA Require 2FA Manage bots & service accounts Manage security settings Manage security & analysis Review audit log IP addresses in audit log Audit log events Access compliance reports Migrate to improved permissions Convert Owners team Convert admin team Migrate admin team Organizations and teams documentation You can use organizations to collaborate with a large number of people across many projects at once, while managing access to your data and customizing settings. Overview Start here Types of GitHub accounts Accounts on GitHub allow you to organize and control access to code. Repository roles for an organization You can customize access to each repository in your organization by assigning granular roles, giving people access to the features and tasks they need. About organization teams Teams are groups of organization members that reflect your company or group's structure with cascading access permissions and mentions. About OAuth app access restrictions Organizations can choose which OAuth apps have access to their repositories and other resources by enabling OAuth app access restrictions. Popular Creating a new organization from scratch Create an organization to apply fine-grained access permissions to repositories. Repository roles for an organization You can customize access to each repository in your organization by assigning granular roles, giving people access to the features and tasks they need. Verifying or approving a domain for your organization You can verify your ownership of domains with GitHub to confirm your organization's identity. About secret security with GitHub Learn how GitHub's security tools can help you identify, remediate, and prevent secret leaks. Guides Inviting users to join your organization You can invite anyone to become a member of your organization using their username or email address for GitHub. @GitHub Adding people to your organization You can make anyone a member of your organization using their GitHub username or email address. @GitHub Managing an individual's access to an organization repository You can manage a person's access to a repository owned by your organization. @GitHub Reviewing the audit log for your organization The audit log allows organization admins to quickly review the actions performed by members of your organization. It includes details such as who performed the action, what the action was, and when it was performed. @GitHub All Organizations docs Collaborating with groups in organizations About organizations About your organization dashboard Best practices for organizations Creating a new organization from scratch Accessing your organization's settings Customizing your organization's profile About your organization’s news feed Viewing GitHub Actions metrics for your organization Managing membership in your organization Inviting users to join your organization Canceling or editing an invitation to join your organization Removing a member from your organization Reinstating a former member of your organization Exporting member information for your organization Can I create accounts for people in my organization? Managing people's access to your organization with roles Roles in an organization Using organization roles Maintaining ownership continuity for your organization Adding a billing manager to your organization Removing a billing manager from your organization Managing security managers in your organization Managing moderators in your organization Managing user access to your organization's repositories Managing repository roles • 5 articles Managing outside collaborators • 6 articles Organizing members into teams About organization teams Creating an organization team Adding organization members to a team Assigning the team maintainer role to a team member Setting your team's profile picture Managing code review settings for your team Renaming a team Changing team visibility Configuring team notifications Moving a team in your organization’s hierarchy Requesting to add a child team Requesting to add or change a parent team Removing organization members from a team Managing scheduled reminders for your team Deleting a team Managing programmatic access to your organization About programmatic access in your organization Adding and removing GitHub App managers in your organization Reviewing GitHub Apps installed in your organization Setting a personal access token policy for your organization Managing requests for personal access tokens in your organization Reviewing and revoking personal access tokens in your organization Limiting OAuth app and GitHub App access requests and installations Managing OAuth access to your organization's data About OAuth app access restrictions Enabling OAuth app access restrictions for your organization Disabling OAuth app access restrictions for your organization Approving OAuth apps for your organization Denying access to a previously approved OAuth app for your organization Managing organization settings Verifying or approving a domain for your organization Renaming an organization Transferring organization ownership Restricting repository creation in your organization Setting permissions for deleting or transferring repositories Restricting repository visibility changes in your organization Managing the forking policy for your organization Managing pull request reviews in your organization Disabling or limiting GitHub Actions for your organization About networking for hosted compute products in your organization About Azure private networking for GitHub-hosted runners in your organization Configuring private networking for GitHub-hosted runners in your organization Troubleshooting Azure private network configurations for GitHub-hosted runners in your organization Configuring the retention period for GitHub Actions artifacts and logs in your organization Allowing people to delete issues in your organization Enabling or disabling GitHub Discussions for an organization Managing discussion creation for repositories in your organization Managing the commit signoff policy for your organization Setting team creation permissions in your organization Managing scheduled reminders for your organization Managing the default branch name for repositories in your organization Managing default labels for repositories in your organization Managing the display of member names in your organization Managing updates from accounts your organization sponsors Managing the publication of GitHub Pages sites for your organization Archiving an organization Deleting an organization account Converting an organization into a user Upgrading to the GitHub Customer Agreement Disabling projects in your organization Managing base permissions for projects Allowing project visibility changes in your organization Creating rulesets for repositories in your organization Managing rulesets for repositories in your organization Managing custom properties for repositories in your organization Managing or restricting GitHub Models in your organization Keeping your organization secure Managing two-factor authentication for your organization • 4 articles Managing security settings for your organization • 5 articles Migrating to improved organization permissions Converting an Owners team to improved organization permissions Converting an admin team to improved organization permissions Migrating admin teams to improved organization permissions Help and support Did you find what you needed? 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https://dev.to/shalinibhavi525sudo | shambhavi525-sudo - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions shambhavi525-sudo Full-stack builder. Turning critical problems into lean, high-impact tech solutions. Joined Joined on Nov 3, 2025 Email address shalinibhavi525@gmail.com github website More info about @shalinibhavi525sudo Badges 2 Week Community Wellness Streak Keep the community conversation going! Post at least 2 comments for 2 straight weeks and unlock the 4 Week Badge. Got it Close 1 Week Community Wellness Streak For actively engaging with the community by posting at least 2 comments in a single week. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Skills/Languages Python (Flask), JavaScript (Vanilla/Node), HTML/CSS, C++ (DSA), AI/ML, Chrome Extension Dev. Currently learning Deep Learning/Vision-Language Models (Focusing on Indic Scripts), System Design, Advanced Data Structures. Currently hacking on Edge AI Optimization (Sub-100MB AI Models). Compressing state-of-the-art Transformer models(BERT) via pruning and quantization. Aim: 95%+ accuracy at 10x size reduction for offline deployment of tools Available for Open Source Contribution (Security/Accessibility projects), Hackathons, Technical Writing & Collaboration. Post 18 posts published Comment 14 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Pin Pinned The Truth About Open Source: It's Intimidating (Until You Start) shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Nov 12 '25 The Truth About Open Source: It's Intimidating (Until You Start) # github # tutorial # opensource # beginners 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read I Built 8 Projects While Teaching Myself to Code From a BSF Campus in Rural India shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Nov 3 '25 I Built 8 Projects While Teaching Myself to Code From a BSF Campus in Rural India # webdev # programming # career # beginners 5 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read The Junior Developer is Dying. Here’s How to Survive the AI Purge. shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Jan 4 The Junior Developer is Dying. Here’s How to Survive the AI Purge. 3 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read Want to connect with shambhavi525-sudo? 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Sign in Why Edge AI Research Needs Field Validation: Lessons from Replicating MIT CSAIL shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Jan 4 Why Edge AI Research Needs Field Validation: Lessons from Replicating MIT CSAIL # ai # computerscience # deeplearning # performance 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read 💡 The Engineer's Toolkit: How to Shrink and Accelerate Transformer Models for Edge AI shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Dec 14 '25 💡 The Engineer's Toolkit: How to Shrink and Accelerate Transformer Models for Edge AI # webdev # programming # ai # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Took a 255MB BERT Model and SHRANK it by 74.8% using ONNX (It Now Runs OFFLINE on ANY Phone!) shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Dec 11 '25 I Took a 255MB BERT Model and SHRANK it by 74.8% using ONNX (It Now Runs OFFLINE on ANY Phone!) # mobile # performance # deeplearning # ai 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 1 min read 5 Programming Secrets Learned The Hard Way (That AI Still Can't Teach You) shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Nov 21 '25 5 Programming Secrets Learned The Hard Way (That AI Still Can't Teach You) 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read The AI Entropy Crisis: Model Collapse Will Destroy Future LLMs shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Nov 21 '25 The AI Entropy Crisis: Model Collapse Will Destroy Future LLMs 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 2 min read My AI Wrote a Feature. I Just Spent 3 Hours Debugging the Prompt shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Nov 16 '25 My AI Wrote a Feature. I Just Spent 3 Hours Debugging the Prompt # discuss # softwaredevelopment # productivity # ai 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read 🤫 The Teacher's Secret: How TinyBERT Learns to Cheat Its Way to High Performance shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Nov 16 '25 🤫 The Teacher's Secret: How TinyBERT Learns to Cheat Its Way to High Performance 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 2 min read 🍮 The Ultimate Hackathon Heist: I Cloned OnlyFans... for Flan shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Nov 9 '25 🍮 The Ultimate Hackathon Heist: I Cloned OnlyFans... for Flan 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 1 min read I Used AI to Bridge the Accessibility Gap for Millions of People in India (Project A.I.D.) shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Nov 8 '25 I Used AI to Bridge the Accessibility Gap for Millions of People in India (Project A.I.D.) # showdev # ai # a11y # machinelearning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read My Codebase Has BUGS Because I’m Sad: The Chart.js Tool That Proves Mood is Your Best Debugger shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Nov 7 '25 My Codebase Has BUGS Because I’m Sad: The Chart.js Tool That Proves Mood is Your Best Debugger Comments Add Comment 1 min read The Death of CSS Frameworks? How I Generated Traditional Indian Art with Pure HTML Canvas (Zero Bloat, Perfect Performance) shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Nov 7 '25 The Death of CSS Frameworks? How I Generated Traditional Indian Art with Pure HTML Canvas (Zero Bloat, Perfect Performance) Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🗺️ Engineering for Emergencies: How to Build a Real-Time Disaster Route Finder with Open Source Mapping shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Nov 6 '25 🗺️ Engineering for Emergencies: How to Build a Real-Time Disaster Route Finder with Open Source Mapping # tutorial # opensource # softwareengineering # webdev Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🎧 The Silent Crisis: Using Speech Recognition and Sentiment AI for Real-Time Emotional Support shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Nov 6 '25 🎧 The Silent Crisis: Using Speech Recognition and Sentiment AI for Real-Time Emotional Support # showdev # ai # mentalhealth # machinelearning 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 2 min read I Coded a Digital ID System for 450M People (Using ONLY My Mom's Phone & GitHub) shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Nov 5 '25 I Coded a Digital ID System for 450M People (Using ONLY My Mom's Phone & GitHub) 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How do you handle the Cold Start Problem for a semantic knowledge graph? (TF-IDF vs. Fine-Tuned BERT) shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo shambhavi525-sudo Follow Nov 5 '25 How do you handle the Cold Start Problem for a semantic knowledge graph? (TF-IDF vs. Fine-Tuned BERT) # discuss # ai # architecture # machinelearning 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/devwonder01 | Tensor Labs - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Tensor Labs Research and Development Labs specializing in Quantitative finance and Private Defense Joined Joined on Oct 27, 2021 github website Education University of Lagos Work CoFounder of KyroPay More info about @devwonder01 Badges Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close Skills/Languages Golang, Solidity, Phython, Javascript (MERN), Rust Post 5 posts published Comment 2 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Observation State Made Simple Tensor Labs Tensor Labs Tensor Labs Follow Jan 13 Observation State Made Simple # algorithms # architecture # blockchain # web3 Comments Add Comment 3 min read Want to connect with Tensor Labs? Create an account to connect with Tensor Labs. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Building a Simple Email Spam Classifier in Rust with SmartCore Tensor Labs Tensor Labs Tensor Labs Follow Jun 25 '25 Building a Simple Email Spam Classifier in Rust with SmartCore Comments Add Comment 3 min read Setting Up Your Ultimate Linux Dev Environment: Rust, Docker & More! Tensor Labs Tensor Labs Tensor Labs Follow Jun 4 '25 Setting Up Your Ultimate Linux Dev Environment: Rust, Docker & More! Comments Add Comment 5 min read Switching from Chainlink VRF to Pyth Entropy Tensor Labs Tensor Labs Tensor Labs Follow Nov 25 '24 Switching from Chainlink VRF to Pyth Entropy Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/tanvi_mittal_9996387d280 | tanvi Mittal - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions tanvi Mittal 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Sep 4, 2025 Personal website https://aisavvybestie.netlify.app/ github website More info about @tanvi_mittal_9996387d280 Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Organizations AI and QA Leaders Skills/Languages Testcafe, Test Agents, Selenium Currently learning machine learning Available for for QA and automation, AI and QA integrations Post 12 posts published Comment 4 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin — Part3 tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Jan 2 Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin — Part3 # automation # testing # softwaretesting # webdev 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Want to connect with tanvi Mittal? Create an account to connect with tanvi Mittal. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin - Part 2 tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Dec 24 '25 Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin - Part 2 # testing # softwareengineering # tutorial # qa 8 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Dec 18 '25 Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin # webdev # ai # programming # testing 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Stop Building AI Products Until You Understand These 7 Hard Truths About AI Engineering tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Nov 20 '25 Stop Building AI Products Until You Understand These 7 Hard Truths About AI Engineering # webdev # agents # ai # productivity 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Autonomous Testing Revolution: How AI Agents Are Reshaping Quality Engineering tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Nov 14 '25 The Autonomous Testing Revolution: How AI Agents Are Reshaping Quality Engineering # webdev # ai # programming # softwarequality 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read From Manual Testing to AI Agents: A 90-Day Transformation Roadmap tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Nov 8 '25 From Manual Testing to AI Agents: A 90-Day Transformation Roadmap # ai # testing # qualityassurance # automation 15 reactions Comments 3 comments 6 min read Building a Privacy-First Log Analyzer for Banking QA: The Technical Architecture tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Nov 1 '25 Building a Privacy-First Log Analyzer for Banking QA: The Technical Architecture # qa # security # banking # testing 18 reactions Comments 2 comments 9 min read Why Production Logs Are a QA Goldmine (And Why Nobody Uses Them) tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Oct 28 '25 Why Production Logs Are a QA Goldmine (And Why Nobody Uses Them) # banking # testing # automation # machinelearning 18 reactions Comments 3 comments 4 min read QA in the Age of AI: How Quality Assurance is Evolving in an AI-First World tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow Oct 13 '25 QA in the Age of AI: How Quality Assurance is Evolving in an AI-First World # qa # automation # testautomation # ai 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read Understanding RAG, Retrieval Augmented Generation in test automation tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow Sep 20 '25 Understanding RAG, Retrieval Augmented Generation in test automation # ai # testing # qa # automation Comments Add Comment 3 min read AI Agents in QA: Revolution or Risk? tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow Sep 20 '25 AI Agents in QA: Revolution or Risk? Comments 1 comment 3 min read The Hidden Bugs AI Can’t Catch: Why Human QA Still Matters tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow Sep 13 '25 The Hidden Bugs AI Can’t Catch: Why Human QA Still Matters # automation # qa # ai # testing Comments Add Comment 8 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # iterator Follow Hide Create Post Older #iterator posts 1 2 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu eBPF Tutorial: BPF Iterators for Kernel Data Export 云微 云微 云微 Follow Jan 13 eBPF Tutorial: BPF Iterators for Kernel Data Export # ebpf # iterator # kernel Comments Add Comment 11 min read itertools in Python (9) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Follow Oct 11 '25 itertools in Python (9) # python # itertools # iterator # function Comments Add Comment 3 min read itertools in Python (11) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Follow Oct 11 '25 itertools in Python (11) # python # itertools # iterator # function Comments Add Comment 3 min read Iterator in Python (3) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Follow Oct 26 '25 Iterator in Python (3) # python # iterator # iter # immutable 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Generator in Python (3) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Follow Oct 10 '25 Generator in Python (3) # python # generator # iterator # immutable Comments Add Comment 3 min read Generator in Python (4) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Follow Oct 10 '25 Generator in Python (4) # python # generator # iterator # immutable Comments Add Comment 2 min read Iterator in Python (6) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Follow Oct 16 '25 Iterator in Python (6) # python # iterator # iter # immutable Comments Add Comment 2 min read itertools in Python (8) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Follow Oct 11 '25 itertools in Python (8) # python # itertools # iterator # function Comments Add Comment 4 min read itertools in Python (10) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Follow Oct 11 '25 itertools in Python (10) # python # itertools # iterator # function Comments Add Comment 3 min read Generator in Python (2) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Follow Oct 10 '25 Generator in Python (2) # python # generator # iterator # immutable Comments Add Comment 2 min read Iterator in Python (5) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Follow Oct 10 '25 Iterator in Python (5) # python # iterator # iter # immutable Comments Add Comment 3 min read Iterator in Python (4) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Follow Oct 10 '25 Iterator in Python (4) # python # iterator # iter # immutable Comments Add Comment 3 min read Iterator functions in Python Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Super Kai (Kazuya Ito) Follow Oct 10 '25 Iterator functions in Python # python # iterator # immutable # function Comments Add Comment 3 min read Rust Iterators : DeSugarified Yashaswi Kumar Mishra Yashaswi Kumar Mishra Yashaswi Kumar Mishra Follow Jul 31 '25 Rust Iterators : DeSugarified # rust # iterator Comments Add Comment 6 min read iter.json: A Powerful and Efficient Way to Iterate and Manipulate JSON in Go Oliver Nguyen Oliver Nguyen Oliver Nguyen Follow Dec 13 '24 iter.json: A Powerful and Efficient Way to Iterate and Manipulate JSON in Go # go # iterator # json # development Comments Add Comment 7 min read Why Can’t You .forEach() Over Empty Array Items? Alex MacArthur Alex MacArthur Alex MacArthur Follow Sep 9 '22 Why Can’t You .forEach() Over Empty Array Items? # javascript # loop # foreach # iterator 3 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read What is the difference between a for loop and an iterator in Python? Umesh Umesh Umesh Follow Jul 10 '22 What is the difference between a for loop and an iterator in Python? # python # iterator Comments Add Comment 1 min read Diving into C++ Iterators Imaculate Imaculate Imaculate Follow Jul 5 '22 Diving into C++ Iterators # cpp # container # iterator 7 reactions Comments 2 comments 6 min read for 的奧秘--可走訪 (可迭代, iterable) 物件 codemee codemee codemee Follow Mar 13 '22 for 的奧秘--可走訪 (可迭代, iterable) 物件 # python # iterator # generator 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read C++ STL Iterators Pratik Parvati Pratik Parvati Pratik Parvati Follow Aug 28 '21 C++ STL Iterators # cpp # programming # tutorial # iterator 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Iteratify - Make It Iterable Francesco Di Donato Francesco Di Donato Francesco Di Donato Follow Jul 8 '21 Iteratify - Make It Iterable # javascript # es6 # iterator # loop 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Writing a better Line Iterator in Rust Markus Ineichen Markus Ineichen Markus Ineichen Follow Jan 16 '21 Writing a better Line Iterator in Rust # rust # iterator # adventofcode # security 8 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read AWS S3 Iterator in TypeScript Dina Dina Dina Follow Jan 14 '21 AWS S3 Iterator in TypeScript # s3 # aws # typescript # iterator 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to list files recursively in a directory with PHP iterators Benjamin Delespierre Benjamin Delespierre Benjamin Delespierre Follow Jul 31 '20 How to list files recursively in a directory with PHP iterators # php # iterator # snippet 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Implementing your own Generator using closure !!! sakethk sakethk sakethk Follow Jun 14 '20 Implementing your own Generator using closure !!! # javascript # iterator # node # closures 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... trending guides/resources eBPF Tutorial: BPF Iterators for Kernel Data Export 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/yunwei37/ebpf-tutorial-bpf-iterators-for-kernel-data-export-137f | eBPF Tutorial: BPF Iterators for Kernel Data Export - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse 云微 Posted on Jan 13 eBPF Tutorial: BPF Iterators for Kernel Data Export # ebpf # iterator # kernel Ever tried monitoring hundreds of processes and ended up parsing thousands of /proc files just to find the few you care about? Or needed custom formatted kernel data but didn't want to modify the kernel itself? Traditional /proc filesystem access is slow, inflexible, and forces you to process tons of data in userspace even when you only need a small filtered subset. This is what BPF Iterators solve. Introduced in Linux kernel 5.8, iterators let you traverse kernel data structures directly from BPF programs, apply filters in-kernel, and output exactly the data you need in any format you want. In this tutorial, we'll build a dual-mode iterator that shows kernel stack traces and open file descriptors for processes, with in-kernel filtering by process name - dramatically faster than parsing /proc . The complete source code: https://github.com/eunomia-bpf/bpf-developer-tutorial/tree/main/src/features/bpf_iters Introduction to BPF Iterators: The /proc Replacement The Problem: /proc is Slow and Rigid Traditional Linux monitoring revolves around the /proc filesystem. Need to see what processes are doing? Read /proc/*/stack . Want open files? Parse /proc/*/fd/* . This works, but it's painfully inefficient when you're monitoring systems at scale or need specific filtered views of kernel data. The performance problem is systemic. Every /proc access requires a syscall, kernel mode transition, text formatting, data copy to userspace, and then you parse that text back into structures. If you want stack traces for all "bash" processes among 1000 total processes, you still read all 1000 /proc/*/stack files and filter in userspace. That's 1000 syscalls, 1000 text parsing operations, and megabytes of data transferred just to find a handful of matches. Format inflexibility compounds the problem. The kernel chooses what data to show and how to format it. Want stack traces with custom annotations? Too bad, you get the kernel's fixed format. Need to aggregate data across processes? Parse everything in userspace. The /proc interface is designed for human consumption, not programmatic filtering and analysis. Here's what traditional monitoring looks like: # Find stack traces for all bash processes for pid in $( pgrep bash ) ; do echo "=== PID $pid ===" cat /proc/ $pid /stack done Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This spawns pgrep as a subprocess, makes a syscall per matching PID to read stack files, parses text output, and does all filtering in userspace. Simple to write, horrible for performance. The Solution: Programmable In-Kernel Iteration BPF iterators flip the model. Instead of pulling all data to userspace for processing, you push your processing logic into the kernel where the data lives. An iterator is a BPF program attached to a kernel data structure traversal that gets called for each element. The kernel walks tasks, files, or sockets, invokes your BPF program with each element's context, and your code decides what to output and how to format it. The architecture is elegant. You write a BPF program marked SEC("iter/task") or SEC("iter/task_file") that receives each task or file during iteration. Inside this program, you have direct access to kernel struct fields, can filter based on any criteria using normal C logic, and use BPF_SEQ_PRINTF() to format output exactly as needed. The kernel handles the iteration mechanics while your code focuses purely on filtering and formatting. When userspace reads from the iterator file descriptor, the magic happens entirely in the kernel. The kernel walks the task list, calls your BPF program for each task passing the task_struct pointer. Your program checks if the task name matches your filter - if not, it returns 0 immediately with no output. If it matches, your program extracts the stack trace and formats it to a seq_file. All this happens in kernel context before any data crosses to userspace. The benefits are transformative. In-kernel filtering means only relevant data crosses the kernel boundary, eliminating wasted work. Custom formats let you output binary, JSON, CSV, whatever your tools need. Single read operation replaces thousands of individual /proc file accesses. Zero parsing because you formatted the data correctly in the kernel. Composability works with standard Unix tools since iterator output comes through a normal file descriptor. Iterator Types and Capabilities The kernel provides iterators for many subsystems. Task iterators ( iter/task ) walk all tasks giving you access to process state, credentials, resource usage, and parent-child relationships. File iterators ( iter/task_file ) traverse open file descriptors showing files, sockets, pipes, and other fd types. Network iterators ( iter/tcp , iter/udp ) walk active network connections with full socket state. BPF object iterators ( iter/bpf_map , iter/bpf_prog ) enumerate loaded BPF programs and maps for introspection. Our tutorial focuses on task and task_file iterators because they solve common monitoring needs and demonstrate core concepts applicable to all iterator types. Implementation: Dual-Mode Task Iterator Let's build a complete example demonstrating two iterator types in one tool. We'll create a program that can show either kernel stack traces or open file descriptors for processes, with optional filtering by process name. Complete BPF Program: task_stack.bpf.c // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 /* Kernel task stack and file descriptor iterator */ #include <vmlinux.h> #include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h> char _license [] SEC ( "license" ) = "GPL" ; #define MAX_STACK_TRACE_DEPTH 64 unsigned long entries [ MAX_STACK_TRACE_DEPTH ] = {}; #define SIZE_OF_ULONG (sizeof(unsigned long)) /* Filter: only show stacks for tasks with this name (empty = show all) */ char target_comm [ 16 ] = "" ; __u32 stacks_shown = 0 ; __u32 files_shown = 0 ; /* Task stack iterator */ SEC ( "iter/task" ) int dump_task_stack ( struct bpf_iter__task * ctx ) { struct seq_file * seq = ctx -> meta -> seq ; struct task_struct * task = ctx -> task ; long i , retlen ; int match = 1 ; if ( task == ( void * ) 0 ) { /* End of iteration - print summary */ if ( stacks_shown > 0 ) { BPF_SEQ_PRINTF ( seq , " \n === Summary: %u task stacks shown === \n " , stacks_shown ); } return 0 ; } /* Filter by task name if specified */ if ( target_comm [ 0 ] != '\0' ) { match = 0 ; for ( i = 0 ; i < 16 ; i ++ ) { if ( task -> comm [ i ] != target_comm [ i ]) break ; if ( task -> comm [ i ] == '\0' ) { match = 1 ; break ; } } if ( ! match ) return 0 ; } /* Get kernel stack trace for this task */ retlen = bpf_get_task_stack ( task , entries , MAX_STACK_TRACE_DEPTH * SIZE_OF_ULONG , 0 ); if ( retlen < 0 ) return 0 ; stacks_shown ++ ; /* Print task info and stack trace */ BPF_SEQ_PRINTF ( seq , "=== Task: %s (pid=%u, tgid=%u) === \n " , task -> comm , task -> pid , task -> tgid ); BPF_SEQ_PRINTF ( seq , "Stack depth: %u frames \n " , retlen / SIZE_OF_ULONG ); for ( i = 0 ; i < MAX_STACK_TRACE_DEPTH ; i ++ ) { if ( retlen > i * SIZE_OF_ULONG ) BPF_SEQ_PRINTF ( seq , " [%2ld] %pB \n " , i , ( void * ) entries [ i ]); } BPF_SEQ_PRINTF ( seq , " \n " ); return 0 ; } /* Task file descriptor iterator */ SEC ( "iter/task_file" ) int dump_task_file ( struct bpf_iter__task_file * ctx ) { struct seq_file * seq = ctx -> meta -> seq ; struct task_struct * task = ctx -> task ; struct file * file = ctx -> file ; __u32 fd = ctx -> fd ; long i ; int match = 1 ; if ( task == ( void * ) 0 || file == ( void * ) 0 ) { if ( files_shown > 0 && ctx -> meta -> seq_num > 0 ) { BPF_SEQ_PRINTF ( seq , " \n === Summary: %u file descriptors shown === \n " , files_shown ); } return 0 ; } /* Filter by task name if specified */ if ( target_comm [ 0 ] != '\0' ) { match = 0 ; for ( i = 0 ; i < 16 ; i ++ ) { if ( task -> comm [ i ] != target_comm [ i ]) break ; if ( task -> comm [ i ] == '\0' ) { match = 1 ; break ; } } if ( ! match ) return 0 ; } if ( ctx -> meta -> seq_num == 0 ) { BPF_SEQ_PRINTF ( seq , "%-16s %8s %8s %6s %s \n " , "COMM" , "TGID" , "PID" , "FD" , "FILE_OPS" ); } files_shown ++ ; BPF_SEQ_PRINTF ( seq , "%-16s %8d %8d %6d 0x%lx \n " , task -> comm , task -> tgid , task -> pid , fd , ( long ) file -> f_op ); return 0 ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Understanding the BPF Code The program implements two separate iterators sharing common filtering logic. The SEC("iter/task") annotation registers dump_task_stack as a task iterator - the kernel will call this function once for each task in the system. The context structure bpf_iter__task provides three critical pieces: the meta field containing iteration metadata and the seq_file for output, the task pointer to the current task_struct, and a NULL task pointer when iteration finishes so you can print summaries. The task stack iterator shows in-kernel filtering in action. When task is NULL, we've reached the end of iteration and can print summary statistics showing how many tasks matched our filter. For each task, we first apply filtering by comparing task->comm (the process name) against target_comm . We can't use standard library functions like strcmp() in BPF, so we manually loop through characters comparing byte by byte. If the names don't match and filtering is enabled, we immediately return 0 with no output - this task is skipped entirely in the kernel without crossing to userspace. Once a task passes filtering, we extract its kernel stack trace using bpf_get_task_stack() . This BPF helper captures up to 64 stack frames into our entries array, returning the number of bytes written. We format the output using BPF_SEQ_PRINTF() which writes to the kernel's seq_file infrastructure. The special %pB format specifier symbolizes kernel addresses, turning raw pointers into human-readable function names like schedule+0x42/0x100 . This makes stack traces immediately useful for debugging. The file descriptor iterator demonstrates a different iterator type. SEC("iter/task_file") tells the kernel to call this function for every open file descriptor across all tasks. The context provides task , file (the kernel's struct file pointer), and fd (the numeric file descriptor). We apply the same task name filtering, then format output as a table. Using ctx->meta->seq_num to detect the first output lets us print column headers exactly once. Notice how filtering happens before any expensive operations. We check the task name first, and only if it matches do we extract stack traces or format file information. This minimizes work in the kernel fast path - non-matching tasks are rejected with just a string comparison, no memory allocation, no formatting, no output. Complete User-Space Program: task_stack.c // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 /* Userspace program for task stack and file iterator */ #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #include <bpf/libbpf.h> #include <bpf/bpf.h> #include "task_stack.skel.h" static int libbpf_print_fn ( enum libbpf_print_level level , const char * format , va_list args ) { return vfprintf ( stderr , format , args ); } static void run_iterator ( const char * name , struct bpf_program * prog ) { struct bpf_link * link ; int iter_fd , len ; char buf [ 8192 ]; link = bpf_program__attach_iter ( prog , NULL ); if ( ! link ) { fprintf ( stderr , "Failed to attach %s iterator \n " , name ); return ; } iter_fd = bpf_iter_create ( bpf_link__fd ( link )); if ( iter_fd < 0 ) { fprintf ( stderr , "Failed to create %s iterator: %d \n " , name , iter_fd ); bpf_link__destroy ( link ); return ; } while (( len = read ( iter_fd , buf , sizeof ( buf ) - 1 )) > 0 ) { buf [ len ] = '\0' ; printf ( "%s" , buf ); } close ( iter_fd ); bpf_link__destroy ( link ); } int main ( int argc , char ** argv ) { struct task_stack_bpf * skel ; int err ; int show_files = 0 ; libbpf_set_print ( libbpf_print_fn ); /* Parse arguments */ if ( argc > 1 && strcmp ( argv [ 1 ], "--files" ) == 0 ) { show_files = 1 ; argc -- ; argv ++ ; } /* Open BPF application */ skel = task_stack_bpf__open (); if ( ! skel ) { fprintf ( stderr , "Failed to open BPF skeleton \n " ); return 1 ; } /* Configure filter before loading */ if ( argc > 1 ) { strncpy ( skel -> bss -> target_comm , argv [ 1 ], sizeof ( skel -> bss -> target_comm ) - 1 ); printf ( "Filtering for tasks matching: %s \n\n " , argv [ 1 ]); } else { printf ( "Usage: %s [--files] [comm] \n " , argv [ 0 ]); printf ( " --files Show open file descriptors instead of stacks \n " ); printf ( " comm Filter by process name \n\n " ); } /* Load BPF program */ err = task_stack_bpf__load ( skel ); if ( err ) { fprintf ( stderr , "Failed to load BPF skeleton \n " ); goto cleanup ; } if ( show_files ) { printf ( "=== BPF Task File Descriptor Iterator === \n\n " ); run_iterator ( "task_file" , skel -> progs . dump_task_file ); } else { printf ( "=== BPF Task Stack Iterator === \n\n " ); run_iterator ( "task" , skel -> progs . dump_task_stack ); } cleanup: task_stack_bpf__destroy ( skel ); return err ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Understanding the User-Space Code The userspace program showcases how simple iterator usage is once you understand the pattern. The run_iterator() function encapsulates the three-step iterator lifecycle. First, bpf_program__attach_iter() attaches the BPF program to the iterator infrastructure, registering it to be called during iteration. Second, bpf_iter_create() creates a file descriptor representing an iterator instance. Third, simple read() calls consume the iterator output. Here's what makes this powerful: when you read from the iterator fd, the kernel transparently starts walking tasks or files. For each element, it calls your BPF program passing the element's context. Your BPF code filters and formats output to a seq_file buffer. The kernel accumulates this output and returns it through the read() call. From userspace's perspective, it's just reading a file - all the iteration, filtering, and formatting complexity is hidden in the kernel. The main function handles mode selection and configuration. We parse command-line arguments to determine whether to show stacks or files, and what process name to filter for. Critically, we set skel->bss->target_comm before loading the BPF program. This writes the filter string into the BPF program's global data section, making it visible to kernel code when the program runs. This is how we pass configuration from userspace to kernel without complex communication channels. After loading, we select which iterator to run based on the --files flag. Both iterators use the same filtering logic, but produce different output - one shows stack traces, the other shows file descriptors. The shared filtering code demonstrates how BPF programs can implement reusable logic across different iterator types. Compilation and Execution Navigate to the bpf_iters directory and build: cd bpf-developer-tutorial/src/features/bpf_iters make Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The Makefile compiles the BPF program with BTF support and generates a skeleton header containing the compiled bytecode embedded in C structures. This skeleton API makes BPF program loading trivial. Show kernel stack traces for all systemd processes: sudo ./task_stack systemd Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Expected output: Filtering for tasks matching: systemd === BPF Task Stack Iterator === === Task: systemd (pid=1, tgid=1) === Stack depth: 6 frames [ 0] ep_poll+0x447/0x460 [ 1] do_epoll_wait+0xc3/0xe0 [ 2] __x64_sys_epoll_wait+0x6d/0x110 [ 3] x64_sys_call+0x19b1/0x2310 [ 4] do_syscall_64+0x7e/0x170 [ 5] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e === Summary: 1 task stacks shown === Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Show open file descriptors for bash processes: sudo ./task_stack --files bash Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Expected output: Filtering for tasks matching: bash === BPF Task File Descriptor Iterator === COMM TGID PID FD FILE_OPS bash 12345 12345 0 0xffffffff81e3c6e0 bash 12345 12345 1 0xffffffff81e3c6e0 bash 12345 12345 2 0xffffffff81e3c6e0 bash 12345 12345 255 0xffffffff82145dc0 === Summary: 4 file descriptors shown === Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Run without filtering to see all tasks: sudo ./task_stack Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This shows stacks for every task in the system. On a typical desktop, this might display hundreds of tasks. Notice how fast it runs compared to parsing /proc/*/stack for all processes - the iterator is dramatically more efficient. When to Use BPF Iterators vs /proc Choose BPF iterators when you need filtered kernel data without userspace processing overhead, custom output formats that don't match /proc text, performance-critical monitoring that runs frequently, or integration with BPF-based observability infrastructure. Iterators excel when you're monitoring many entities but only care about a subset, or when you need to aggregate and transform data in the kernel. Choose /proc when you need simple one-off queries, are debugging or prototyping where development speed matters more than runtime performance, want maximum portability across kernel versions (iterators require relatively recent kernels), or run in restricted environments where you can't load BPF programs. The fundamental trade-off is processing location. Iterators push filtering and formatting into the kernel for efficiency and flexibility, while /proc keeps the kernel simple and does all processing in userspace. For production monitoring of complex systems, iterators usually win due to their performance benefits and programming flexibility. Summary and Next Steps BPF iterators revolutionize how we export kernel data by enabling programmable, filtered iteration directly from BPF code. Instead of repeatedly reading and parsing /proc files, you write a BPF program that iterates kernel structures in-kernel, applies filtering at the source, and formats output exactly as needed. This eliminates massive overhead from syscalls, mode transitions, and userspace parsing while providing complete flexibility in output format. Our dual-mode iterator demonstrates both task and file iteration, showing how one BPF program can export multiple views of kernel data with shared filtering logic. The kernel handles complex iteration mechanics while your BPF code focuses purely on filtering and formatting. Iterators integrate seamlessly with standard Unix tools through their file descriptor interface, making them composable building blocks for sophisticated monitoring pipelines. If you'd like to dive deeper into eBPF, check out our tutorial repository at https://github.com/eunomia-bpf/bpf-developer-tutorial or visit our website at https://eunomia.dev/tutorials/ . References BPF Iterator Documentation: https://docs.kernel.org/bpf/bpf_iterators.html Kernel Iterator Selftests: Linux kernel tree tools/testing/selftests/bpf/*iter*.c Tutorial Repository: https://github.com/eunomia-bpf/bpf-developer-tutorial/tree/main/src/features/bpf_iters libbpf Iterator API: https://github.com/libbpf/libbpf BPF Helpers Manual: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/bpf-helpers.7.html Examples adapted from Linux kernel BPF selftests with educational enhancements. Requires Linux kernel 5.8+ for iterator support, BTF enabled, and libbpf. Complete source code available in the tutorial repository. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse 云微 Follow know nothing about the world, but trying to keep learning | building eunomia.dev Joined Aug 15, 2023 More from 云微 eBPF Tutorial by Example: BPF Arena for Zero-Copy Shared Memory # ebpf # arena # memory eBPF Tutorial: Tracing CUDA GPU Operations # ebpf # cuda # gpu eBPF Tutorial: Transparent Text Replacement in File Reads # ebpf # kernel # tracing 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions Alan Tsai Genesis Architect behind Meta-DAG. Building AI governance systems. Location Taiwan Joined Joined on Dec 14, 2025 Email address aki08242003@gmail.com Personal website https://github.com/alan-meta-dag/meta_dag_engine_sandbox github website Education Self-directed research in AI governance and systems architecture Pronouns he/him Work Independent architect of Meta-DAG More info about @alan_tsai_00dbd905e668f74 Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close GitHub Repositories meta_dag_engine_sandbox Meta-DAG Engine: Cross-platform AI governance system Python Skills/Languages Python, FastAPI, TimescaleDB, encryption protocols, semantic indexing, AI output governance Currently learning • Context-aware memory systems for AI governance • Contract-first interface design • TimescaleDB + encrypted memory indexing Currently hacking on • Meta-DAG Engine: a cross-platform AI governance layer with encrypted memory and semantic veto triggers Available for • Open-source governance collaborations • Architecture reviews for AI safety systems • Technical writing or protocol design Post 7 posts published Comment 1 comment written Tag 0 tags followed Meta-DAG: Why AI Ethics Failed as Engineering — and What I Built Instead Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Jan 12 Meta-DAG: Why AI Ethics Failed as Engineering — and What I Built Instead # googleaiteamchallenge # aigovernance # aisafety # ai治理 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Want to connect with Alan Tsai? Create an account to connect with Alan Tsai. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in When AI Governance Calls You "Noise" Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Jan 11 When AI Governance Calls You "Noise" # ai # hardgate # fun # 雜訊 Comments Add Comment 2 min read 99%PERFECT,1%..... Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Jan 10 99%PERFECT,1%..... # ai # governance # processovertrust # 程式設計 Comments Add Comment 1 min read 我以為 AI 會幫我想清楚，結果它把我原本不清楚的放大十倍 😂 Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Jan 6 我以為 AI 會幫我想清楚，結果它把我原本不清楚的放大十倍 😂 # ai # softwaredevelopment # learning # 反思 Comments Add Comment 1 min read Meta-DAG: Building AI Governance with AI Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Jan 3 Meta-DAG: Building AI Governance with AI # showdev # ai # governance # opensource 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read 2025 年，我用一個 17 年前的 Google 老梗，反殺了 Google AI 🤣 Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Dec 31 '25 2025 年，我用一個 17 年前的 Google 老梗，反殺了 Google AI 🤣 # gemini # 科技趣事 # funny Comments Add Comment 1 min read An AI Almost Deleted My Code Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Alan Tsai Follow Dec 15 '25 An AI Almost Deleted My Code # ai # opensource # devtools # programming Comments 1 comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/devwonder01 | Tensor Labs - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Tensor Labs Research and Development Labs specializing in Quantitative finance and Private Defense Joined Joined on Oct 27, 2021 github website Education University of Lagos Work CoFounder of KyroPay More info about @devwonder01 Badges Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close Skills/Languages Golang, Solidity, Phython, Javascript (MERN), Rust Post 5 posts published Comment 2 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Observation State Made Simple Tensor Labs Tensor Labs Tensor Labs Follow Jan 13 Observation State Made Simple # algorithms # architecture # blockchain # web3 Comments Add Comment 3 min read Want to connect with Tensor Labs? Create an account to connect with Tensor Labs. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Building a Simple Email Spam Classifier in Rust with SmartCore Tensor Labs Tensor Labs Tensor Labs Follow Jun 25 '25 Building a Simple Email Spam Classifier in Rust with SmartCore Comments Add Comment 3 min read Setting Up Your Ultimate Linux Dev Environment: Rust, Docker & More! Tensor Labs Tensor Labs Tensor Labs Follow Jun 4 '25 Setting Up Your Ultimate Linux Dev Environment: Rust, Docker & More! Comments Add Comment 5 min read Switching from Chainlink VRF to Pyth Entropy Tensor Labs Tensor Labs Tensor Labs Follow Nov 25 '24 Switching from Chainlink VRF to Pyth Entropy Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/t/backend/page/2 | Backend Page 2 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # backend Follow Hide Desenvolvimento do lado do servidor, APIs, bancos de dados e logica de negocios. Create Post Older #backend posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Marten vs Chi: Not All Go Web Frameworks Are Created Equal Jack Prescott Jack Prescott Jack Prescott Follow Jan 11 Marten vs Chi: Not All Go Web Frameworks Are Created Equal # webdev # programming # go # backend Comments Add Comment 5 min read # Dynamic Routing in Express.js: A Practical Guide sudip khatiwada sudip khatiwada sudip khatiwada Follow Jan 11 # Dynamic Routing in Express.js: A Practical Guide # webdev # programming # backend # express Comments Add Comment 2 min read Week 0: Starting a 16-Week Journey to Platform Engineering Jimmy Maina Jimmy Maina Jimmy Maina Follow Jan 11 Week 0: Starting a 16-Week Journey to Platform Engineering # backend # platformengineering # learninginpublic # career Comments Add Comment 4 min read The 6 Best Payment Gateways in South Africa: A Practical Guide to Choosing and Integrating the Right Solution (2026) Jason Dos Santos Jason Dos Santos Jason Dos Santos Follow Jan 11 The 6 Best Payment Gateways in South Africa: A Practical Guide to Choosing and Integrating the Right Solution (2026) # api # backend # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read Production-Grade Marketplace Backend youcef youcef youcef Follow Jan 10 Production-Grade Marketplace Backend # architecture # backend # systemdesign Comments Add Comment 2 min read ✨I Didn’t Write a Single SQL Query… Yet Spring Data JPA Queried My Database Shashwath S H Shashwath S H Shashwath S H Follow Jan 11 ✨I Didn’t Write a Single SQL Query… Yet Spring Data JPA Queried My Database # springboot # java # backend # springdatajpa 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why Saving Sessions in a Database Is Usually a Bad Practice Jack Pritom Soren Jack Pritom Soren Jack Pritom Soren Follow Jan 11 Why Saving Sessions in a Database Is Usually a Bad Practice # database # programming # backend # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read What I Wish I Knew Before Deploying My First Backend Application. juweria mohamood juweria mohamood juweria mohamood Follow Jan 10 What I Wish I Knew Before Deploying My First Backend Application. # programming # devops # deployment # backend 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🏗️ Monolithic vs Microservices: A Practical Comparison Satyam Mishra Satyam Mishra Satyam Mishra Follow Jan 10 🏗️ Monolithic vs Microservices: A Practical Comparison # discuss # microservices # backend # architecture 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why Port 8000 Suddenly Stopped Working on My Local Machine (and How I Fixed It) Tahsin Abrar Tahsin Abrar Tahsin Abrar Follow Jan 10 Why Port 8000 Suddenly Stopped Working on My Local Machine (and How I Fixed It) # backend # networking # debugging # windows 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building a Kafka Wikimedia Producer: Solving 403 Errors and Understanding Java Fundamentals Byron Hsieh Byron Hsieh Byron Hsieh Follow Jan 10 Building a Kafka Wikimedia Producer: Solving 403 Errors and Understanding Java Fundamentals # kafka # java # tutorial # backend Comments Add Comment 9 min read Why Most Node.js Authentication Projects Break in Production (Lessons From Real Systems) Pramod K B Pramod K B Pramod K B Follow Jan 9 Why Most Node.js Authentication Projects Break in Production (Lessons From Real Systems) # node # backend # opensource # security Comments Add Comment 2 min read Node.js in 2026: Modern Practices You Should Be Using kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad Follow Jan 9 Node.js in 2026: Modern Practices You Should Be Using # webdev # node # javascript # backend Comments Add Comment 12 min read [Simple SNS Project] Step 3. Building the Follow System & Timeline (N:M Relationship) JongHwa JongHwa JongHwa Follow Jan 9 [Simple SNS Project] Step 3. Building the Follow System & Timeline (N:M Relationship) # backend # java # mysql # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read Please break Autodock Mike Solomon Mike Solomon Mike Solomon Follow Jan 9 Please break Autodock # webdev # ai # frontend # backend Comments Add Comment 1 min read Breaking the interface barrier: CGLIB and ByteBuddy Rajat Arora Rajat Arora Rajat Arora Follow Jan 9 Breaking the interface barrier: CGLIB and ByteBuddy # java # programming # learning # backend 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Concerning Amounts of Malware in the VS Code Marketplace: What Microsoft’s Own Logs Reveal Ishaan Agrawal Ishaan Agrawal Ishaan Agrawal Follow Jan 9 Concerning Amounts of Malware in the VS Code Marketplace: What Microsoft’s Own Logs Reveal # security # productivity # programming # backend 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Computed Fields Causing Infinite Recomputations(Odoo) Aaron Jones Aaron Jones Aaron Jones Follow Jan 9 Computed Fields Causing Infinite Recomputations(Odoo) # backend # performance # python Comments Add Comment 3 min read Construyendo un extractor de audio (YouTube MP3) con FastAPI, yt-dlp y ffmpeg Mario Mario Mario Follow Jan 8 Construyendo un extractor de audio (YouTube MP3) con FastAPI, yt-dlp y ffmpeg # python # fastapi # backend # podcast Comments Add Comment 5 min read 📦My Spring Boot APIs Worked… But the Responses Looked Unprofessional Shashwath S H Shashwath S H Shashwath S H Follow Jan 9 📦My Spring Boot APIs Worked… But the Responses Looked Unprofessional # springboot # java # backend # api 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Microsserviços com Spring Boot: por que vou participar do Mergulho da AlgaWorks Franciele B. de Oliveira Franciele B. de Oliveira Franciele B. de Oliveira Follow Jan 8 Microsserviços com Spring Boot: por que vou participar do Mergulho da AlgaWorks # java # springboot # microservices # backend Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why WebAuthn Feels Easy — Until You Try to Ship It dqj dqj dqj Follow Jan 8 Why WebAuthn Feels Easy — Until You Try to Ship It # webauthn # security # authentication # backend Comments Add Comment 2 min read Trigger Logic Causing Recursive Updates or Data Duplication Selavina B Selavina B Selavina B Follow Jan 8 Trigger Logic Causing Recursive Updates or Data Duplication # architecture # backend # codequality # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read AI-Native Apps: Vertex AI and Flutter Integration Nick Peterson Nick Peterson Nick Peterson Follow Jan 6 AI-Native Apps: Vertex AI and Flutter Integration # ai # flutter # backend # fullstack Comments Add Comment 6 min read OpenSIPS: The Engine Powering Modern Real-Time Communication Haroon Saleem Haroon Saleem Haroon Saleem Follow Jan 7 OpenSIPS: The Engine Powering Modern Real-Time Communication # architecture # backend # networking # opensource Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/tanvi_mittal_9996387d280 | tanvi Mittal - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions tanvi Mittal 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Sep 4, 2025 Personal website https://aisavvybestie.netlify.app/ github website More info about @tanvi_mittal_9996387d280 Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Organizations AI and QA Leaders Skills/Languages Testcafe, Test Agents, Selenium Currently learning machine learning Available for for QA and automation, AI and QA integrations Post 12 posts published Comment 4 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin — Part3 tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Jan 2 Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin — Part3 # automation # testing # softwaretesting # webdev 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Want to connect with tanvi Mittal? Create an account to connect with tanvi Mittal. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin - Part 2 tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Dec 24 '25 Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin - Part 2 # testing # softwareengineering # tutorial # qa 8 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Dec 18 '25 Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin # webdev # ai # programming # testing 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Stop Building AI Products Until You Understand These 7 Hard Truths About AI Engineering tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Nov 20 '25 Stop Building AI Products Until You Understand These 7 Hard Truths About AI Engineering # webdev # agents # ai # productivity 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Autonomous Testing Revolution: How AI Agents Are Reshaping Quality Engineering tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Nov 14 '25 The Autonomous Testing Revolution: How AI Agents Are Reshaping Quality Engineering # webdev # ai # programming # softwarequality 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read From Manual Testing to AI Agents: A 90-Day Transformation Roadmap tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Nov 8 '25 From Manual Testing to AI Agents: A 90-Day Transformation Roadmap # ai # testing # qualityassurance # automation 15 reactions Comments 3 comments 6 min read Building a Privacy-First Log Analyzer for Banking QA: The Technical Architecture tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Nov 1 '25 Building a Privacy-First Log Analyzer for Banking QA: The Technical Architecture # qa # security # banking # testing 18 reactions Comments 2 comments 9 min read Why Production Logs Are a QA Goldmine (And Why Nobody Uses Them) tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Oct 28 '25 Why Production Logs Are a QA Goldmine (And Why Nobody Uses Them) # banking # testing # automation # machinelearning 18 reactions Comments 3 comments 4 min read QA in the Age of AI: How Quality Assurance is Evolving in an AI-First World tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow Oct 13 '25 QA in the Age of AI: How Quality Assurance is Evolving in an AI-First World # qa # automation # testautomation # ai 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read Understanding RAG, Retrieval Augmented Generation in test automation tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow Sep 20 '25 Understanding RAG, Retrieval Augmented Generation in test automation # ai # testing # qa # automation Comments Add Comment 3 min read AI Agents in QA: Revolution or Risk? tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow Sep 20 '25 AI Agents in QA: Revolution or Risk? Comments 1 comment 3 min read The Hidden Bugs AI Can’t Catch: Why Human QA Still Matters tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow Sep 13 '25 The Hidden Bugs AI Can’t Catch: Why Human QA Still Matters # automation # qa # ai # testing Comments Add Comment 8 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # kernel Follow Hide Create Post Older #kernel posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu esBPF: Stress-Testing compares Software-Offload with iptables Leesoo Ahn Leesoo Ahn Leesoo Ahn Follow Aug 12 '24 esBPF: Stress-Testing compares Software-Offload with iptables # bpf # packetfilter # network # kernel Comments Add Comment 5 min read Commentary on CrowdStrike BSOD Root Cause Analysis Release Wiz Lee Wiz Lee Wiz Lee Follow Aug 9 '24 Commentary on CrowdStrike BSOD Root Cause Analysis Release # news # security # kernel # microsoft Comments Add Comment 1 min read The Linux Audacity Kevin Mbanugo Kevin Mbanugo Kevin Mbanugo Follow Aug 4 '24 The Linux Audacity # linux # kernel # programming # opensource 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 12 min read ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0) ]--- Praveen Kumar K Praveen Kumar K Praveen Kumar K Follow Jul 24 '24 ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0) ]--- # aws # linux # kernel # ec2 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read eBPF: Revolutionizing Linux Kernel Programming Geoffrey Kim Geoffrey Kim Geoffrey Kim Follow Jul 23 '24 eBPF: Revolutionizing Linux Kernel Programming # ebpf # linux # kernel # networking 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Understanding Docker Containers: Leveraging Linux Kernel's Namespaces and cgroups Geoffrey Kim Geoffrey Kim Geoffrey Kim Follow May 30 '24 Understanding Docker Containers: Leveraging Linux Kernel's Namespaces and cgroups # docker # linux # kernel # containerization 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Understanding the Structural Differences Between BSD-based Kernels and Linux Kernels Geoffrey Kim Geoffrey Kim Geoffrey Kim Follow May 30 '24 Understanding the Structural Differences Between BSD-based Kernels and Linux Kernels # bsd # kernel # linux # os 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read AppArmor testsuite Leesoo Ahn Leesoo Ahn Leesoo Ahn Follow May 11 '24 AppArmor testsuite # apparmor # testsuite # kernel # security 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read From User to OS: Exploring System Calls with glibc through a Restaurant Analogy Prashant Lakhera Prashant Lakhera Prashant Lakhera Follow May 11 '24 From User to OS: Exploring System Calls with glibc through a Restaurant Analogy # linux # kernel # devops # systemcall Comments Add Comment 3 min read Instalando kernel Linux Zen no Arch Linux com systemd-boot 🧑🏽💻 Higor Silva Higor Silva Higor Silva Follow Mar 18 '24 Instalando kernel Linux Zen no Arch Linux com systemd-boot 🧑🏽💻 # archlinux # kernel # linuxzen # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read Kernel Internals and Kernel Module Development in Fedora Linux Jeremiah Adepoju Jeremiah Adepoju Jeremiah Adepoju Follow Mar 8 '24 Kernel Internals and Kernel Module Development in Fedora Linux # kernel # linux # fedora # systems Comments Add Comment 13 min read Why Linux 6.8 Networking Updates are a Big Deal Alex Escalante Alex Escalante Alex Escalante Follow Mar 5 '24 Why Linux 6.8 Networking Updates are a Big Deal # linux # kernel # tcp # performance 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Understanding Linux's File Descriptors: A Deep Dive Into '2>&1' and Redirection Sebastian Marines Sebastian Marines Sebastian Marines Follow Jan 25 '24 Understanding Linux's File Descriptors: A Deep Dive Into '2>&1' and Redirection # linux # systems # kernel Comments Add Comment 6 min read Build a Simple Linux Kernel Using Buildroot Devontae Reid Devontae Reid Devontae Reid Follow Feb 27 '24 Build a Simple Linux Kernel Using Buildroot # embedded # linux # kernel # cpp 13 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Introducing Maestro: A Cutting-Edge Unix-Like OS Kernel Crafted in Rust Bernard K Bernard K Bernard K Follow Jan 3 '24 Introducing Maestro: A Cutting-Edge Unix-Like OS Kernel Crafted in Rust # rust # kernel # maestro # unix 4 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read [LINUX] Partição "/boot" cheio Jean Pierre Jean Pierre Jean Pierre Follow Dec 18 '23 [LINUX] Partição "/boot" cheio # linux # kernel # ubuntu # linuxmint Comments Add Comment 4 min read How systemd v255 will bring the dreaded Windows BSOD to GNU/Linux: A deep dive into the source code Jadi Jadi Jadi Follow Dec 9 '23 How systemd v255 will bring the dreaded Windows BSOD to GNU/Linux: A deep dive into the source code # linux # programming # c # kernel 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Understanding the initrd and vmlinuz in Linux Boot Process Internet Explorer Internet Explorer Internet Explorer Follow Dec 8 '23 Understanding the initrd and vmlinuz in Linux Boot Process # linux # kernel # programming # beginners 28 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Redefining Kernel Craftsmanship: The Rise of Rust in System-Level Programming Bernard K Bernard K Bernard K Follow Nov 23 '23 Redefining Kernel Craftsmanship: The Rise of Rust in System-Level Programming # rust # kernel # programming # concurrency 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Harnessing eBPF and XDP for DDoS Mitigation - A Rust Adventure with rust-aya Douglas Makey Mendez Molero Douglas Makey Mendez Molero Douglas Makey Mendez Molero Follow Nov 21 '23 Harnessing eBPF and XDP for DDoS Mitigation - A Rust Adventure with rust-aya # rust # linux # ebpf # kernel 15 reactions Comments 2 comments 17 min read Beyond Observability: Modifying Syscall Behavior with eBPF - My Precious Secret Files Douglas Makey Mendez Molero Douglas Makey Mendez Molero Douglas Makey Mendez Molero Follow Oct 27 '23 Beyond Observability: Modifying Syscall Behavior with eBPF - My Precious Secret Files # ebp # linux # kernel # python 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read eBPF Practical Tutorial: Capturing SSL/TLS Plain Text Data Using uprobe 云微 云微 云微 Follow Sep 19 '23 eBPF Practical Tutorial: Capturing SSL/TLS Plain Text Data Using uprobe # linux # ebpf # kernel 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 12 min read eBPF Practical Tutorial: Tracing Seven-Layer Protocol like HTTP via Socket or Syscall 云微 云微 云微 Follow Sep 19 '23 eBPF Practical Tutorial: Tracing Seven-Layer Protocol like HTTP via Socket or Syscall # linux # ebpf # kernel # c Comments Add Comment 21 min read Linux Kernel Abhishek Pathak Abhishek Pathak Abhishek Pathak Follow Aug 10 '23 Linux Kernel # linux # scor32k # kernel # beginners 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read 32 Kernel’s Teeth for “Chewing” the Network Stack on Linux Roman Belshevitz Roman Belshevitz Roman Belshevitz Follow May 29 '23 32 Kernel’s Teeth for “Chewing” the Network Stack on Linux # kernel # tuning # networking # linux Comments 1 comment 7 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/bobur/agent-knowledge-vs-memories-understanding-the-difference-4pgj | Agent Knowledge vs Memories: Understanding the Difference - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Bobur Umurzokov Posted on Jan 9 • Originally published at chatmemory.ai Agent Knowledge vs Memories: Understanding the Difference # programming # webdev # ai # productivity Most developers are still confused about what "memory" means in AI and why they should use it. Or they keep asking: what’s the difference between knowledge and memory? How to use them together? Many of them treat memory as just cached conversations. Others try to build their own version by storing data in files. Knowledge and memories serve very different purposes inside an AI agent. When you clearly separate them and design for each intentionally, your agent stops behaving like a scripted chatbot, saves up to 80% LLM tokens, and starts acting like a helpful assistant that actually remembers customers. Knowledge: Your Agent's Reference Library Think of it as your agent’s reference library. Every customer reads from the same book, and that consistency is what makes your agent reliable. Knowledge is everything that is true for all customers, regardless of who is asking. It represents your business facts: documentation, pricing, policies, shipping rules, FAQs, API references, and internal procedures. Knowledge is stable. It changes only when your business changes, not when the customer changes. When a customer asks about shipping rates, the agent doesn’t need personal context. It simply retrieves the correct information from the knowledge base and responds. The answer should be identical for every customer, every time. This consistency is the strength of knowledge. If it’s wrong, your agent confidently gives incorrect answers. If it’s missing, your agent starts guessing. That’s why knowledge must be curated and maintained carefully. Knowledge Characteristics Static & Structured: Contains business information that doesn't change frequently—product catalogs, FAQs, policies, procedures Universally Shared: All customers access the same knowledge base—what's true for one customer is true for all Manually Curated: You upload, organize, and maintain this content based on what your business offers Purpose: Provides accurate, consistent answers grounded in your business reality Real-World Knowledge Example Customer: "What are your shipping rates to Canada?" Agent: [Searches knowledge base] "We offer three shipping options to Canada: Standard (5-7 days) for $12.99, Express (2-3 days) for $24.99, and Overnight for $49.99. Free shipping on orders over $150." Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The agent pulled this directly from your knowledge base, the same answer every customer gets, because it's factual business information. Memories: Your Agent's Personal Journal for Each Customer Memories are the opposite of knowledge. They are personal, dynamic, and unique to each customer. Memory captures things like preferences, past purchases, previous issues, and important details the customer has already shared. Memory answers a different question: what do we already know about this person? If a customer says they prefer blue sneakers in size 10, that information should never live in your knowledge base. It belongs in memory, scoped only to that customer. When the same customer comes back weeks later on a different channel the agent can continue the conversation naturally without asking again. This is what prevents the “AI amnesia” problem. Without memory, every interaction resets. Customers repeat themselves. Context disappears. Trust erodes. Memory Characteristics Dynamic & Personal: Captures conversation history, preferences, past issues, and context specific to each customer Individually Isolated: Each customer has their own memory space—what Sarah said never shows up in John's context Automatically Captured: AI extracts and stores important details from conversations without manual work Cross-Channel: Follows customers across WhatsApp, Telegram, web chat—one continuous memory Purpose: Enables personalized, context-aware interactions that feel natural and continuous Real-World Memory Example Week 1 - WhatsApp: Customer: "I need sneakers, size 10, prefer blue colors" Agent: [Stores: prefers blue, size 10, interested in sneakers] Week 3 - Telegram (same customer, different channel): Customer: "Do you have new arrivals?" Agent: "Yes! We just got new blue sneakers in size 10—based on your previous interest, you might love our Nike Runner collection. Want to see them?" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Notice how the agent remembered the customer's preferences across different channels and weeks. This is the power of memories. It's personal, persistent, and creates a seamless experience. AI memory for customer support chats Stop making customers repeat themselves. Add memory so AI remembers, learns, and supports like a human. 🔗 https://www.chatmemory.ai How Agent Knowledge and Memory Work Together The best AI agents don’t choose between knowledge or memory. They use both, in sequence. First, the agent checks memory to understand who it’s talking to and what context already exists. Then it checks knowledge to ensure the response follows business rules and factual accuracy. The final answer combines both into a response that is correct and personal. For example, when a customer asks to return an order, memory tells the agent which order the customer placed and when. Knowledge tells the agent what the return policy allows. The response feels helpful because it references the specific order while correctly applying company rules. Customer: "I want to return my order" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Agent's Process: Check Memory: "This is Sarah, she ordered blue sneakers (order #1234) 2 weeks ago via WhatsApp" Check Knowledge: "Return policy allows 30 days, need receipt, items must be unworn" Combine: Personalized response with accurate policy Agent: "Hi Sarah! I can help with returning your blue sneakers (Order #1234). Our 30-day return policy applies. Since you ordered 2 weeks ago, you're well within the window. Just make sure they're unworn. Would you like me to generate a return label?" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode See the difference? The agent combined knowledge (return policy details) with memories (Sarah's specific order, timeline, and preferences) to create a response that's both accurate and personal. Why Mixing Knowledge and Memory Breaks AI Agents Many teams make the mistake of storing personal conversations inside their knowledge base or passing entire chat histories with every request. This causes multiple problems at once. Answers become noisy because personal data pollutes shared facts. Token usage explodes because the agent is constantly reprocessing irrelevant context. Privacy becomes harder to manage because personal data is mixed with permanent knowledge. A clean separation fixes all of this. Knowledge stays global and stable. Memory stays personal and contextual. The agent retrieves only what it needs, when it needs it. Knowledge vs Memories: Side-by-Side Comparison Aspect Knowledge Memories Content Type Business facts & information Personal history & preferences Who Has Access All customers (shared) Individual customer only How It's Created Manually uploaded by you Auto-captured from conversations Update Frequency Rarely (when business changes) Constantly (every conversation) Persistence Permanent until you change it Configurable retention (7-90+ days) Primary Purpose Provide accurate answers Enable personalization Example Content Product specs, pricing, policies Order history, preferences, past issues When to Use What Use Knowledge For: Product catalogs and specifications Company policies and procedures FAQs and troubleshooting guides Pricing and shipping information Training materials and best practices Use Memories For: Customer purchase history Personal preferences and interests Past support issues and resolutions Communication preferences Conversation context and continuity How to Build It the Right Way Start with Knowledge: Upload your docs, APIs, FAQs. Make sure your agent can answer factual questions accurately and consistently. Add Memory: Turn on automatic context capture. Let it learn about each user over time. Set Retention: Decide how long to keep memories. 7 days? 90 days? Forever? Depends on your use case. Watch and Adjust: See what questions come up repeatedly. Add them to knowledge. See what context matters. Make sure memory captures it. Enable Memory Capture: Configure your agent to automatically extract and store customer-specific context Set Retention Policies: Decide how long to keep memories based on your business needs and compliance requirements Monitor & Refine: Watch how your agent uses both systems and adjust your knowledge content based on common questions Ready to Build Smarter Agents? ChatMemory gives you both. Knowledge bases and automatic memory capture. Works across WhatsApp, Telegram, web chat, wherever your users are. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Bobur Umurzokov Follow Developer Advocate | Software Engineer | Speaker | Microsoft MVP Location Tallinn, Estonia Education Politecnico di Torino Pronouns He/His Work Developer Advocate Joined Dec 29, 2021 More from Bobur Umurzokov RAG vs Memory for AI Agents: What’s the Difference # programming # ai # agents # python AutoGen Multi-agent Conversations Memory # programming # ai # python # tutorial Why Use SQL Databases for AI Agent Memory # programming # sql # database # ai 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions tanvi Mittal 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Sep 4, 2025 Personal website https://aisavvybestie.netlify.app/ github website More info about @tanvi_mittal_9996387d280 Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Organizations AI and QA Leaders Skills/Languages Testcafe, Test Agents, Selenium Currently learning machine learning Available for for QA and automation, AI and QA integrations Post 12 posts published Comment 4 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin — Part3 tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Jan 2 Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin — Part3 # automation # testing # softwaretesting # webdev 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Want to connect with tanvi Mittal? Create an account to connect with tanvi Mittal. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin - Part 2 tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Dec 24 '25 Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin - Part 2 # testing # softwareengineering # tutorial # qa 8 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Dec 18 '25 Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin # webdev # ai # programming # testing 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Stop Building AI Products Until You Understand These 7 Hard Truths About AI Engineering tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Nov 20 '25 Stop Building AI Products Until You Understand These 7 Hard Truths About AI Engineering # webdev # agents # ai # productivity 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Autonomous Testing Revolution: How AI Agents Are Reshaping Quality Engineering tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Nov 14 '25 The Autonomous Testing Revolution: How AI Agents Are Reshaping Quality Engineering # webdev # ai # programming # softwarequality 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read From Manual Testing to AI Agents: A 90-Day Transformation Roadmap tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Nov 8 '25 From Manual Testing to AI Agents: A 90-Day Transformation Roadmap # ai # testing # qualityassurance # automation 15 reactions Comments 3 comments 6 min read Building a Privacy-First Log Analyzer for Banking QA: The Technical Architecture tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Nov 1 '25 Building a Privacy-First Log Analyzer for Banking QA: The Technical Architecture # qa # security # banking # testing 18 reactions Comments 2 comments 9 min read Why Production Logs Are a QA Goldmine (And Why Nobody Uses Them) tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow for AI and QA Leaders Oct 28 '25 Why Production Logs Are a QA Goldmine (And Why Nobody Uses Them) # banking # testing # automation # machinelearning 18 reactions Comments 3 comments 4 min read QA in the Age of AI: How Quality Assurance is Evolving in an AI-First World tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow Oct 13 '25 QA in the Age of AI: How Quality Assurance is Evolving in an AI-First World # qa # automation # testautomation # ai 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read Understanding RAG, Retrieval Augmented Generation in test automation tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow Sep 20 '25 Understanding RAG, Retrieval Augmented Generation in test automation # ai # testing # qa # automation Comments Add Comment 3 min read AI Agents in QA: Revolution or Risk? tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow Sep 20 '25 AI Agents in QA: Revolution or Risk? Comments 1 comment 3 min read The Hidden Bugs AI Can’t Catch: Why Human QA Still Matters tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal tanvi Mittal Follow Sep 13 '25 The Hidden Bugs AI Can’t Catch: Why Human QA Still Matters # automation # qa # ai # testing Comments Add Comment 8 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Jess Lee for The DEV Team Posted on Aug 20, 2025 • Edited on Aug 25, 2025 Join the Midnight Network "Privacy First" Challenge: $5,000 in Prizes! # devchallenge # midnightchallenge # blockchain # web3 We're excited to announce our newest challenge with Midnight Network ! Running through September 7 , the Midnight Network "Privacy First" Challenge invites you to build privacy-enhancing applications and developer tools using zero-knowledge proofs and Midnight's data-protection blockchain. There are two prompts for this challenge and one additional prize category, which means three chances to win! ✨ New to blockchain? Join us today (August 20) at 1pm ET for a livestream right on the DEV homepage with the Midnight Team to learn more about their technology and what you can build for the challenge! Don’t worry, we’ll also share the video down below if you miss the event. ✨ Whether you're a blockchain developer, privacy advocate, or curious about ZK technology, this challenge is the perfect opportunity to explore privacy-first development. As always, all participants with a valid submission will receive a completion badge! And did we mention there's a $5,000 prize pool for our three winners? We hope you give this challenge a try! Our Prompts Protect That Data Build a decentralized application (DApp) that leverages ZK circuits to generate proofs for any entity or virtual transaction. Your DApp must integrate both smart contracts and a user interface, meaningfully incorporating Midnight's privacy capabilities as a core feature. Requirements: Use Midnight's Compact language and MidnightJS for zero-knowledge proofs Include a UI that showcases the privacy-preserving mechanism Focus on one specific functionality (ZK-powered game mechanics, confidential job boards, identity attestation tools, privacy-preserving chat/voting apps, etc.) Use only mocked transactions/tokens (no real-world value) Open-source under Apache 2.0 license Submit to Protect That Data The "Protect That Data" winner will receive $3,500 USD, a DEV++ membership , and an exclusive winner badge! Enhance the Ecosystem Develop a project that improves the experience of building on Midnight for other developers. This could include DX libraries, CLI tools, dashboards, block explorers, ZK playgrounds, wallet connectors, or development framework integrations. Requirements: Must improve developer productivity or experience Open-source under Apache 2.0 license Include comprehensive documentation Submit to Enhance the Ecosystem The "Enhance the Ecosystem" winner will receive $1,000 USD, a DEV++ membership , and an exclusive winner badge! Additional Prize Category: Best Tutorial We'll be awarding one additional winner for writing the most effective and engaging tutorial as part of their submission to either prompt. The "Best Tutorial" winner will receive $500 USD, a DEV++ membership , and an exclusive winner badge! Judging Criteria All valid submissions will be evaluated based on: Use of underlying technology Usability and User Experience Accessibility Creativity How To Participate Submit your project using the appropriate template link above. All submissions must include: Public GitHub repository with Apache 2.0 license Overview/explainer/tutorial of your project Documentation for running and easily testing your project Please review our judging criteria, rules, guidelines, and FAQ page before submitting so you understand our participation guidelines and official contest rules such as eligibility requirements. Getting Started with Midnight Midnight Network is currently in Testnet, so no credit card is required to get started. You can access test tokens (tDUST) through their faucet. Key Resources: Midnight Network Developer Hub Midnight Network Documentation Quick Start Guide Build using an example tutorial Build from scratch tutorial Discord Community Join the DEV Challenge Channel Technical Forum GitHub Follow @devsofmidnight right here on DEV: Fireside Dev Hang [Livestream Recording]: Devs of Midnight Follow A dev hub for the Midnight ecosystem — sharing technical content, updates, and education from real builders using Midnight’s privacy-first infrastructure, Compact language, and ZK tools. Important Dates August 20: Midnight Network "Privacy First" Challenge begins! September 7: Submissions due at 11:59 PM PDT September 18: Winners Announced We can't wait to see the privacy-first solutions you build! Questions about the challenge? Ask them below. Good luck and happy coding! Top comments (14) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Peter Kim Frank The DEV Team Peter Kim Frank The DEV Team Peter Kim Frank Follow Doing a bit of everything at DEV / Forem Email peter@dev.to Education Wesleyan University Pronouns He/Him Work Co-Founder Joined Jan 3, 2017 • Aug 20 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I'm looking forward to seeing what everyone builds! 🔒️ Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lauren Lee Lauren Lee Lauren Lee Follow An English teacher turned empathetic software engineer. Leading the DevRel team @Midnight Location Portugal Pronouns she / her Joined Sep 25, 2019 • Aug 20 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide So so excited to see this challenge go live! 🚀 Whether you’re brand new to ZK or already deep into blockchain, this is an amazing chance to experiment with privacy-first apps and share your work with the community. Can’t wait to see what you all build!🛠️ Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mohamed ibrahim Mohamed ibrahim Mohamed ibrahim Follow Developer and author of codex817, a sovereign symbolic AI framework. Founder of Mo817, combining philosophy, computation, and innovation to create original protocols, tools, and algorithms. Joined Jul 4, 2025 • Aug 22 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Really excited to join this challenge . We’re experimenting with sovereign-grade privacy by combining ZK proofs with a deterministic framework (Codex817 + Mo817). Curious to see how the community will push privacy-first apps beyond traditional boundaries 🔐. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Trang Le Trang Le Trang Le Follow Web developer with a soft spot for animation. Location Vietnam Work Web designer/developer Joined Aug 30, 2019 • Aug 31 '25 • Edited on Aug 31 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide My question is: How full-fledged do you expect the project entry to be? The dApp shown on Midnight docs is extremely simple. And how realistic do you expect of the proving part? For example, a job board app that requires users to hold certain licenses to get considered. I think the implementation for the document verification will be complex. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Claude Barde Claude Barde Claude Barde Follow Passionate about web3, decentralized applications and functional programming. Love to code in Rust, OCaml, and TypeScript! Location London, United Kingdom Work Developer Relation Engineer Joined Dec 8, 2018 • Sep 4 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi! For the "Privacy First" Challenge, aim for a proof of concept (PoC) that demonstrates the core privacy-preserving mechanism using Midnight's tools. The project should highlight how Midnight's Compact language and MidnightJS can create meaningful privacy solutions, even if it's not a fully-fledged product. For the proving part, you can use mocked data to simplify complexities like document verification. This approach will allow you to showcase the potential of zero-knowledge proofs effectively within the challenge's scope. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Suvrajeet Banerjee Suvrajeet Banerjee Suvrajeet Banerjee Follow DevOps Engineer with 2+ years of hands-on experience transforming legacy operations into agile, cloud-native ecosystems. Headed procurement for $11 Mn.+mining projects & delivering AWS Solutions ! 😎 Location Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Education Haldia Institute of Technology Work Aspiring DevOps Engineer Joined Jun 30, 2025 • Aug 22 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Excited! 😎😁😃 Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Kevin Kevin Kevin Follow Freelance Web dev Joined Jun 17, 2024 • Aug 21 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Totally new to the platform and technology but I am excited to put my web dev skills to new test here. Super excited about learning something new! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand IslandGhost589 IslandGhost589 IslandGhost589 Follow Midnight Aliit Ambassador | Blockchain Privacy Advocate | Bridging XRP Liquidity with Midnight Smart Contracts | Military Veteran Location New Bern, NC Joined Apr 25, 2023 • Sep 6 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide OHHH Boy.. I did it.. I entered in both categories and I am shooting for the bonus video win! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ale Ale Ale Follow Software Developer Pronouns she/her Work Software Developer Joined Mar 5, 2025 • Aug 22 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Interesting! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Fayaz Fayaz Fayaz Follow Software Engineer 𑁍 Thinker 𑁍 Problem Solver. Interests: AI, Software Development, Web Security, Privacy, Nature, Philosophy, History, Spirituality, Politics, Conversation. Location Bangladesh Education BSc. in Computer Science & Engineering Work Building a new SaaS Joined Nov 12, 2017 • Sep 7 '25 • Edited on Sep 7 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I always wanted to develop on something like this. i.e. some sort of Private Smart Contract Application, but never got time! Being very new to this, I guess I'll not get enough time to complete this time either! I'll try though. Wish I had a few more days! Do you have any beginner tutorial recommendation for someone who knows web tech. well, but new to Block Chain based tech? Best wishes to all the participants. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Antonio Antonio Antonio Follow Currently building Litlyx, the simplest way to track website analytics without cookies. AI, FOSS & and Privacy-first. Find out more at Litlyx.com/philosophy. I build for many, not just one. Email Location Rome, Italy Pronouns He/Him Work CEO & Founder at Litlyx Joined May 30, 2024 • Aug 21 '25 • Edited on Aug 21 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is a great idea! If you ever need to track analytics in a privacy-first way, check out Litlyx.com . We’re building a cookieless platform for: Ethical marketing Visitor tracking One-click reports AI insights Good luck to all participants! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (14 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse The DEV Team Follow The hardworking team behind DEV ❤️ Want to contribute to open source and help make the DEV community stronger? The code that powers DEV is called Forem and is freely available on GitHub. You're welcome to jump in! 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https://ruul.io/blog/raise-your-freelance-rates-with-these-tips#$%7Bid%7D | Raise your freelance rates with these tips - Ruul Product Payment Requests Get paid anywhere. Sell Services Make your services buyable Sell Products Create once sell forever Subscriptions Get paid on repeat Ruul Space Your personel storefront. One link for everything you offer. Learn more Pricing Resources Partner Programs Referral Program Get 1% for life. Seriously. Affiliate Program Bring users, get paid Partners Let’s grow together. More Blog About us Support Brand Kit For Customers Log in Sign up For Businesses Login Sign up grow Raise your freelance rates with these tips Discover why you deserve to be paid fairly, and how to tell your clients about the change without losing them. Ceylin Güven 5 min read RUUL FOR INDEPENDENCE You chose independence.We make sure you keep it. Sell your time, your talent, whatever you create or build always on your terms. Get started See Example This is also a heading This is a heading Key Points As a freelancer, having to decide on your own rates can be a cause of financial anxiety . However, one of the greatest advantages of freelancing is that you have the flexibility and freedom to rearrange them whenever and however you want. To avoid underselling your services, you should consider taking matters into your own hands and raising your freelance rates .In this article, we’ll go into some of the key reasons why you should raise your freelance fees and charges, and how to go about doing it without losing any clients. (Make sure to read until the end to see our example freelance rate increase letter, which can help you negotiate your hourly rate.) When should you increase your freelance rate? There is no freelance fee guide that can determine whether it’s the right time for you to be raising freelance rates. If you’re on the fence, you can try listing the reasons why you should be raising prices as a freelancer. This can help you make your decision easier.For starters, you can consider the questions we’ve compiled in the checklist below. 6 questions to ask yourself before deciding to raise your freelance rate 1. Has there been any unexpected shifts in the economy, worldwide or otherwise (e.g. inflation, recession, tax rate changes)? This item is almost a given, considering that the global inflation rate is forecasted to reach 7.5% by the end of 2022. If you work freelance, you should definitely adjust prices for inflation. You deserve to be paid fairly within the fluctuating market prices. 2. Have you improved your business and services since you last set your rates? As you move along in your freelance journey, you gain more experience and improve your skills. This raises the quality of your services, and should be reflected in your rates. 3. Has there been an increase in demand for your services? Do you find yourself more frequently booked than before? This might mean that your market and niche are in high demand, or that you yourself are becoming a top-notch freelancer in your area of expertise. No matter which of the both options is correct, you might be seriously underselling yourself. Your prices should be in balance with the increased market demand. 4. Are you feeling that your workload is negatively affecting your mental health ? If this is the case, then rearranging your work-life balance by raising your rates and working less hours might help. Giving yourself a break when you need it is an essential part of business planning. 5. Are you making any lifestyle changes that you need to be earning more for? Life can be unpredictable. Sometimes you want to make changes, whether that’s moving or starting a family. Even the simple level-ups in your work and living environment require better finances. Since you are ultimately your own boss, you should step up to give yourself a “promotion”. 6. Do you want to simply test the market? The freelance market is open for experimenting. Just to test the waters, you can see if higher rates will be met with good responses from the clients. How to increase your freelance rate and fees All of these are completely valid reasons to be raising freelance rates, and there are many more that aren’t on this list. Once you decide this is the right solution for you, it’s time to move on to telling your clients and potential prospects about the change . Know your value (and ask for it!) First and foremost, the most important thing to have as a solo worker is confidence in yourself and your abilities . Avoid underselling your services and your skills by staying updated on the current industry market, and placing yourself fairly within it. After all, you know yourself best.Another part of this is to target the right clientele demographic that fits your business. Having a wide client base might seem like the safest solution, but this might increase offers that don’t meet your payment expectations along the way. Unless you’re an absolute beginner trying to find any job that you can, asking for what you deserve is never a fault–never be afraid to negotiate better rates! Change your pricing model Even if their current solution is unprofitable, some solo talents might find directly raising their freelance rates to be too much of a risk. In this case, instead of contemplating how to increase your freelance rate, you can try changing your pricing model instead.For example, you might be in a situation where you’re working too efficiently that hourly rates are actually hurting your gains. Or you might be working on an important long-term project that will help your client tremendously, where value-based pricing would make a lot more sense. Having a different pricing model can be the solution to all of these problems and more. Expand your niche Another solution to earning more and having higher freelancer fees is to expand your niche and target higher-paying markets .There’s no denying that certain industries generate more profit in the freelancing world than others. By expanding your skillset and market as a freelancer, you might be able to find better jobs and have the chance to reach a bigger client base, which would ultimately help your income. Keep investing in your freelance business If you don’t want to diversify your field of work, another way to expand your client base is to improve yourself in the industry you’re already working in . Continuing to educate yourself and trying to become a better freelancer is very important. By effectively investing in your brand and upskilling, you can enhance your services and reach a much wider audience. Schedule your fee changes, and give prior notice Raising freelance rates spontaneously can potentially hurt your business relations with freelance clients. Try to build trust with your clients by not springing this change onto them all of a sudden. Instead, schedule your fee changes in a timely manner and give notice to your clients . This will help your clients rearrange their budget, so that you can renegotiate your contract more effectively.Many people try to schedule the increase in their freelance rate to important dates, such as the New Year’s. This makes it more easily remembered by your clients, and also sets the ground for a “fresh start”, so to speak. If this doesn’t match your date preferences, however, there’s no need to force yourself–any date is okay, as long as you plan ahead and communicate with your clients. Offer alternative packages and deals Another option that can help your clients is to offer different pricing packages . You can arrange these depending on your workload, earnings, the closeness of deadlines, etc. and arrange prices accordingly. Through tiered pricing , your clients can pick the option that suits their budget the most. You will also have softened the change by giving them a choice, and making them feel accommodated. How to inform a client of the price increase If you’re on the fence about how to explain price increase to a customer, don’t worry; there are many ways to approach this. As long as you schedule it and let them know beforehand (as we mentioned above), it doesn’t matter much whether you send an email, call them on the phone, etc. It all depends on your relationship and preferred communication method with your clients.Here are a few things that you can include in your price-raise conversation: Your increased workload and market demand The outcomes it will produce for the client (support this with data/results if possible) The value of your relationship with the client & the desire to continue working with them Your hidden costs and expenses (such as subscriptions, equipment, amenities, etc.) Alternate deals, packages, or discounts that can better suit their budget Email template to negotiate & increase your freelance rate There are many ways of asking for an increase in freelance rate. Here’s a simple email template you can send to your current/long-term clients and (if you have one) mailing list subscribers to let them know of your improved freelance pay rate: Hello [Client’s name], I loved working on [Projects X, Y, Z] with you. Just reaching out to let you know beforehand that, as of [date], my rates will be [x]. I’ve been working very hard to improve my business, and being able to provide my best services is my utmost priority. I made this call considering [market inflation, improvement, new skills, etc.–you can provide data here as well, if applicable]. I would love to keep working with you. Let me know if you have any questions or if this doesn’t fit your budget, so we can talk about different options. Best,[Your name] The sky’s the limit One of the best things about being a freelancer is the freedom to set your own rates. As long as you’re confident in your abilities and can place yourself fairly within the market, regular increase in your freelance fees is perfectly reasonable.Now that you know more about when and how to increase your freelance rates, you’re ready to negotiate better prices from your clients. Make sure you keep checking out our blog and connect with us on LinkedIn and Instagram to stay up to date on current freelancing news! ABOUT THE AUTHOR Ceylin Güven Ceylin Güven likes reading anything she can get her hands on, writing poetry that’s way too personal, and watching Studio Ghibli movies. More 6 tips to become your own boss Before making the leap for your career, read our article to explore how to become your own boss and make money without working a 9-5 job. Read more When and how to ask for payment upfront as a freelancer Take a look at why you should ask for payment upfront, how to go about doing it, and different options you can pursue when it comes to getting paid. Read more Benefits of the Gig Economy Explore the growing gig economy, its benefits for workers, employers, and the economy, as well as its drawbacks. Learn why more people are embracing flexible freelance work and how this modern employment model is reshaping the job market. Read more MORE THAN 120,000 Independents Over 120,000 independents trust Ruul to sell their services, digital products, and securely manage their payments. FROM 190 Countries Truly global coverage: trusted across 190 countries with seamless payouts available in 140 currencies. PROCESSED $200m+ of Transactions Over $200M successfully processed, backed by an 8-year legacy of secure, reliable transactions trusted by independents worldwide. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Everything you need to know. Get clear, straightforward answers to the most common questions about using Ruul. hey@ruul.io What is Ruul? Ruul is a merchant-of-record platform helping freelancers and creators globally sell services, digital products, subscriptions, and easily get paid. Who is Ruul for? Ruul is designed for freelancers, creators, and independent professionals who want a simple way to sell online and get paid globally. How does Ruul work? Open an account, complete a quick verification (KYC), and link your payout account. Then, start selling through your store or send payment requests to customers instantly. How does pricing work? Signing up is free. There are no subscription or hidden fees. Ruul charges a small commission only when you sell or get paid through the platform. What is a Merchant of Record? A merchant of record is the legal seller responsible for processing payments, handling taxes, and managing compliance for each transaction. What can I sell on Ruul? You can sell services, digital products, license keys, online courses, subscriptions, and digital memberships. How do I get paid on Ruul? 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https://bizarro.dev.to/t/programming/page/77 | Programming Page 77 - ALTERNATE UNIVERSE DEV Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account ALTERNATE UNIVERSE DEV Close Programming Follow Hide The magic behind computers. 💻 🪄 Create Post Older #programming posts 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV ALTERNATE UNIVERSE DEV — A constructive and inclusive social network for software developers. With you every step of your journey. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . ALTERNATE UNIVERSE DEV © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:16 |
https://dev.to/qa-leaders/testability-vs-automatability-why-most-automation-efforts-fail-before-they-begin-3f6o | Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse tanvi Mittal for AI and QA Leaders Posted on Dec 18, 2025 Testability vs. Automatability: Why Most Automation Efforts Fail Before They Begin # webdev # ai # programming # testing Test automation rarely fails because teams chose the wrong tool. It fails much earlier often before the first test is written when systems are designed without considering how they will be tested or automated. When automation becomes flaky, slow, or unreliable, the default reaction is predictable: rewrite tests, switch frameworks, add retries, or bring in a new tool promising stability. These actions sometimes reduce pain temporarily, but they rarely address the real issue. Over time, automation becomes something teams tolerate rather than trust. The root cause is usually a misunderstanding of two closely related but fundamentally different concepts: testability and automatability. The Subtle Distinction That Changes Everything Testability and automatability are often used interchangeably in engineering conversations, but they solve different problems. Testability is about how easily a system can be understood and diagnosed. A testable system exposes its state clearly. When something fails, the system helps you understand what happened and why. Logs are meaningful, signals are explicit, and behavior can be observed without guesswork. Automatability, on the other hand, is about how reliably a system can be exercised by a machine. It focuses on determinism, stability, and control. An automatable system behaves consistently under automation, even as it evolves. The mistake teams make is assuming that good automation automatically implies good testability. In practice, automation depends on testability. When testability is weak, automation compensates with complexity — and that complexity eventually collapses under its own weight. Why Automation Becomes the Scapegoat When automated tests fail without clear explanations, automation becomes the visible problem. Pipelines turn red, release confidence drops, and engineers lose trust in test results. At that point, automation is no longer perceived as a safety net, it becomes noise. What often goes unnoticed is that these failures are symptoms, not causes. A test timing out, failing to locate an element, or producing inconsistent results is frequently reflecting deeper uncertainty in the system itself. Automation simply surfaces that uncertainty earlier and more frequently than manual testing ever could. Humans are remarkably good at compensating for ambiguity. We refresh pages, retry actions, infer intent, and move on. Automation has no such intuition. It requires explicit signals, stable behavior, and predictable state transitions. When those are missing, automation struggles and it gets blamed for struggling. Tools Don’t Fix Foundational Problems Modern frameworks have made automation more accessible and forgiving. They handle waits better, provide richer diagnostics, and reduce boilerplate. But they do not and cannot fix fundamental design issues. No tool can compensate for: User interfaces that constantly re-render without stable identifiers Business logic buried inside UI event handlers Asynchronous workflows with no observable completion signals Systems that expose outcomes only visually, not programmatically Switching tools in these situations may reduce friction briefly, but it does not change the underlying uncertainty. Eventually, the same problems reappear, just expressed through a different API. Automation Friction Is a Signal, Not a Failure One of the most important mindset shifts teams can make is to treat automation difficulty as feedback about the system, not as a testing failure. When tests are hard to write, hard to stabilize, or hard to debug, the system is telling you something. It is telling you that behavior is implicit rather than explicit, that state is hidden rather than observable, or that control is scattered rather than intentional. Teams that listen to this feedback improve not just their tests, but their architecture, diagnosability, and operational maturity. Teams that ignore it accumulate automation debt — and eventually abandon large parts of their test suites. Why This Matters Before Automation Scales The cost of misunderstanding testability and automatability grows with scale. Early in a project, poor design choices may only slow down a few tests. Over time, they turn into flaky pipelines, long triage cycles, and brittle release processes. This is why automation strategy cannot be separated from system design. Automation is not a phase that comes later; it is a constraint that should influence how software is built from the beginning. Understanding the difference between testability and automatability is the first step toward making automation an asset rather than a liability. What Comes Next In the next post, we’ll go deeper into a question teams struggle with constantly: How do you tell whether a failing test indicates a problem in your automation or a problem in your application design? That distinction is where most automation efforts either stabilize or slowly unravel. Follow the series if you’re interested in building automation that scales with confidence rather than friction. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions dastasoft Senior Software Engineer Joined Joined on Feb 17, 2020 Personal website https://blog.dastasoft.com/ github website twitter website Work Senior Software Engineer Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Beloved Comment Awarded for making a well-loved comment, as voted on with 25 heart (❤️) reactions by the community. Got it Close 2 Top 7 Awarded for having a post featured in the weekly "must-reads" list. 🙌 Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. 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Got it Close 4 Week Writing Streak You've posted at least one post per week for 4 consecutive weeks! Got it Close Show all 14 badges More info about @dastasoft Organizations Nimbel GitHub Repositories TreasureHunter C++ cmd game of open treasure chest guessing the number C++ handy-tools A collection of web tools to make your life easier. Made with Next.js and Chakra UI. JavaScript • 10 stars spreadsheet-poc Generate a SSG with Next.js from a Google Spreadsheet changes JavaScript • 3 stars dastasoft-portfolio Personal portfolio made with React and Styled Components. JavaScript • 1 star project-holo Jitsi video chat integration on top of React with Websockets to provide real time interactions between participants, create rooms and share screens. CSS • 7 stars memory-game Demo project to teach about Framer Motion animations on React projects. 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Post 17 posts published Comment 114 comments written Tag 17 tags followed Pin Pinned How Every Web Developer Can Become FullStack With Node.js dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Sep 10 '21 How Every Web Developer Can Become FullStack With Node.js # beginners # node # javascript 241 reactions Comments 3 comments 25 min read Here's what every React Developer needs to know about TypeScript - Part 1 dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow May 28 '21 Here's what every React Developer needs to know about TypeScript - Part 1 # beginners # react # javascript # typescript 216 reactions Comments 5 comments 21 min read Why you should use Chakra UI in React dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Apr 30 '21 Why you should use Chakra UI in React # react # webdev # nextjs # tutorial 98 reactions Comments 9 comments 11 min read How to get cool animations in your React projects dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Jun 8 '22 How to get cool animations in your React projects # webdev # javascript # beginners # react 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 14 min read Want to connect with dastasoft? 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Sign in Intro to MongoDB and Mongoose - How Every Web Developer Can Become FullStack With Node.js dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Mar 17 '22 Intro to MongoDB and Mongoose - How Every Web Developer Can Become FullStack With Node.js # beginners # node # database # javascript 23 reactions Comments Add Comment 17 min read How to get better and easier state management with Redux Toolkit dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Dec 1 '21 How to get better and easier state management with Redux Toolkit # beginners # react # redux # javascript 32 reactions Comments 3 comments 17 min read Explain Quantum Computers like I'm five dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Aug 18 '21 Explain Quantum Computers like I'm five # discuss # explainlikeimfive 6 reactions Comments 3 comments 1 min read Easy presentations with Fusuma and markdown dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Mar 25 '21 Easy presentations with Fusuma and markdown # beginners # tutorial # markdown # react 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read What changes can mixed reality UIs bring to webdev? dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Mar 3 '21 What changes can mixed reality UIs bring to webdev? # discuss # watercooler 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Como montar un blog estático con Next.js y dev.to como CMS dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow for Nimbel Nov 3 '20 Como montar un blog estático con Next.js y dev.to como CMS # nextjs # react # javascript # spanish 40 reactions Comments 2 comments 12 min read Simple Static Blog with Next.js and dev.to as CMS dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow for Nimbel Oct 26 '20 Simple Static Blog with Next.js and dev.to as CMS # nextjs # react # javascript # english 30 reactions Comments 2 comments 12 min read What supouses Deno for front end devs? dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow May 13 '20 What supouses Deno for front end devs? # discuss # deno # webdev 6 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read Styling in React dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Mar 15 '20 Styling in React # react # css # javascript # tutorial 68 reactions Comments 8 comments 7 min read Besides dev.to how you do networking? dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Mar 6 '20 Besides dev.to how you do networking? # discuss # watercooler 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read Simple Animated Circle Bar as React Component dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Mar 5 '20 Simple Animated Circle Bar as React Component # beginners # react # javascript # tutorial 39 reactions Comments 3 comments 6 min read Simple React boilerplate dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Feb 29 '20 Simple React boilerplate # react # javascript # beginners # tutorial 83 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read How is your approach to manage large form validations in React? dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Feb 21 '20 How is your approach to manage large form validations in React? # react # javascript # webdev 9 reactions Comments 2 comments 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://docs.github.com/en/copilot/tutorials/customization-library | Customization library - GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Free, Pro, & Team Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar GitHub Copilot / Tutorials / Customization library Home GitHub Copilot Get started Quickstart What is GitHub Copilot? 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Tutorials All tutorials GitHub Copilot Chat Cookbook All prompts Communicate effectively Create templates Extract information Synthesize research Create diagrams Generate tables Debug errors Debug invalid JSON Handle API rate limits Analyze functionality Explore implementations Analyze feedback Refactor code Improve code readability Fix lint errors Refactor for optimization Refactor for sustainability Refactor design patterns Refactor data access layers Decouple business logic Handle cross-cutting Simplify inheritance hierarchies Fix database deadlocks Translate code Document code Create issues Document legacy code Explain legacy code Explain complex logic Sync documentation Write discussions or blog posts Testing code Generate unit tests Create mock objects Create end-to-end tests Update unit tests Analyze security Secure your repository Manage dependency updates Find vulnerabilities Customization library All customizations Custom instructions Your first custom instructions Concept 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technical debt Review AI code Learn a new language Modernize legacy code Modernize Java applications Migrate a project Plan a project Vibe coding Upgrade projects Responsible use Copilot inline suggestions Chat in your IDE Chat in GitHub Chat in GitHub Mobile Copilot CLI Copilot in Windows Terminal Copilot in GitHub Desktop Pull request summaries Copilot text completion Commit message generation Code review Copilot coding agent Spark Copilot Spaces GitHub Copilot / Tutorials / Customization library Customization library Discover a curated collection of customizations, including custom instructions, custom agents, and prompt files, to enhance your GitHub Copilot experience. Spotlight Your first custom instructions Create and test your first custom instruction with this simple example. Your first prompt file Create your first Copilot prompt file with this simple code explanation example that works for any programming language. Your first custom agent Create and test your first custom agent with this simple README specialist example. Explore 19 examples Category : All Complexity : All Reset filters Your first custom instructions Create and test your first custom instruction with this simple example. Custom instructions Getting started Configure Copilot Simple Concept explainer Instructions for breaking down complex technical concepts. Custom instructions Getting started Configure Copilot Simple Debugging tutor Instructions for systematic debugging and troubleshooting. Custom instructions Getting started Configure Copilot Simple Code reviewer Instructions for thorough and constructive code reviews. Custom instructions Team collaboration Configure Copilot Simple GitHub Actions helper Generate and improve GitHub Actions workflows. Custom instructions GitHub flows Path-specific Repository Configure Copilot Simple Pull request assistant Generate comprehensive pull request descriptions and reviews. Custom instructions GitHub flows Configure Copilot Simple Issue manager Create well-structured issues and responses. Custom instructions GitHub flows Configure Copilot Simple Accessibility auditor Instructions for comprehensive web accessibility testing and compliance. Custom instructions Development workflows Repository Path-specific Configure Copilot Intermediate Testing automation File-specific instructions for writing unit tests. Custom instructions Development workflows Path-specific Repository Configure Copilot Advanced Your first prompt file Create your first Copilot prompt file with this simple code explanation example that works for any programming language. Prompt files Getting started Configure Copilot Simple Create README Generate comprehensive README files for your projects. Prompt files Getting started Configure Copilot Simple Onboarding plan A prompt file for getting personalized help with team onboarding. Prompt files Team collaboration Configure Copilot Simple Document API Generate comprehensive API documentation from your code. Prompt files Development workflows Configure Copilot Advanced Review code Perform comprehensive code reviews with structured feedback. Prompt files Development workflows Configure Copilot Advanced Generate unit tests Create focused unit tests for your code. Prompt files Development workflows Configure Copilot Intermediate Your first custom agent Create and test your first custom agent with this simple README specialist example. Custom agents Getting started Simple Implementation planner A custom agent that breaks down features into actionable tasks and creates detailed implementation plans. Custom agents Getting started Simple Bug fix teammate A custom agent that identifies critical bugs in your project and implements targeted fixes. Custom agents Getting started Simple Cleanup specialist A custom agent that cleans up messy code, removes duplication, and improves maintainability across code and documentation files. Custom agents Getting started Simple Help and support Did you find what you needed? Yes No Privacy policy Help us make these docs great! All GitHub docs are open source. See something that's wrong or unclear? Submit a pull request. Make a contribution Learn how to contribute Still need help? Ask the GitHub community Contact support Legal © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Status Pricing Expert services Blog | 2026-01-13T08:48:17 |
https://www.highlight.io/docs/general/company/open-source/contributing/end-to-end-sdk-examples | End to End SDK Example Apps Star us on GitHub Star Docs Sign in Sign up General Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Menu Highlight Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Getting Started Getting Started with Highlight Fullstack Mapping Browser React.js Next.js Remix Vue.js Angular Gatsby.js SvelteKit Electron highlight.run SDK Overview Canvas & WebGL Console Messages Content-Security-Policy Identifying Users iframe Recording Monkey Patches Browser OpenTelemetry Persistent Asset Storage Privacy Proxying Highlight React.js Error Boundary Recording Network Requests and Responses Recording WebSocket Events Salesforce Lightning Web Components (LWC) Data Export Sourcemap Configuration Tracking Events Troubleshooting Upgrading Highlight Versioning Sessions & Errors Other React Native (beta) Server Go Overview chi Echo Fiber Gin GORM gqlgen Logrus Manual Tracing gorilla mux JS Overview Apollo AWS Lambda Cloudflare Workers Express.js Firebase Hono Nest.js Next.js Node.js Pino tRPC Winston Python Overview AWS Lambda Azure Functions Django FastAPI Flask Google Cloud Functions Loguru Other Frameworks Python AI / LLM Libraries Python Libraries Ruby Overview Other Frameworks Ruby on Rails Rust Overview actix-web No Framework Hosting Providers Overview Metrics in AWS Logging in AWS Logging in Azure Fly.io NATS Log Shipper Logging in GCP Heroku Log Drain Render Log Stream Logging in Trigger.dev Vercel Log Drain Elixir Overview Elixir App Java: All Frameworks PHP: All Frameworks C# .NET ASP C# .NET 4 ASP Docker / Docker Compose File Fluent Forward curl OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP) Syslog RFC5424 Systemd / Journald Native OpenTelemetry Overview Error Monitoring Logging Tracing Browser Instrumentation Metrics Fullstack Frameworks Overview Next.js Fullstack Overview Next.js Page Router Guide Next.js App Router Guide Edge Runtime Advanced Config Remix Walkthrough Self Host & Local Dev Overview Development deployment guide. Integrations Microsoft Teams self-hosted Hobby deployment guide. Traefik SSL Proxying. Docs Home SDK Client SDK API Reference Cloudflare Worker SDK API Reference Go SDK API Reference Hono SDK API Reference Java SDK API Reference Next.JS SDK API Reference Node.JS SDK API Reference Python SDK API Reference Ruby SDK API Reference Rust SDK API Reference Docs / Highlight Docs / Company / Open Source / Contributing / End to End SDK Example Apps End to End SDK Example Apps End-to-end SDK Tests The highlight repository E2E directory contains supported frameworks integrated with our SDKs for local development and testing. They are meant as examples configured for local development and will need to be updated before use in production. Running E2E Apps via docker compose The E2E example apps are meant for highlight development and to validate the SDKs are correctly capturing and reporting data to highlight. By default, the apps point data to a local highlight instance running on localhost . This can be configured by setting the XXX environment variable. The recommended way to run example apps manually is via the compose.yml file. The app_runner.py provides an interface to automating the build and startup for automation (CI). Using the compose.yml file # from the root of the highlight repository cd e2e docker compose build sdk docker compose build base docker compose build <example> docker compose up <example> # to run all examples docker compose up Using the automated app_runner.py Using the app_runner.py requires installing Python LTS and Poetry. # from the root of the highlight repository cd e2e/tests poetry install # view the help menu poetry run python src/app_runner.py --help # run the example app, making requests to the app to validate that it is healthy poetry run python src/app_runner.py <example> Documentation Adding an SDK Community / Support Suggest Edits? Follow us! [object Object] | 2026-01-13T08:48:17 |
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https://dev.to/alexsergey/css-modules-vs-css-in-js-who-wins-3n25#pros | CSS Modules vs CSS-in-JS. Who wins? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Sergey Posted on Mar 11, 2021 CSS Modules vs CSS-in-JS. Who wins? # webdev # css # javascript # react Introduction In modern React application development, there are many approaches to organizing application styles. One of the popular ways of such an organization is the CSS-in-JS approach (in the article we will use styled-components as the most popular solution) and CSS Modules. In this article, we will try to answer the question: which is better CSS-in-JS or CSS Modules ? So let's get back to basics. When a web page was primarily set for storing textual documentation and didn't include user interactions, properties were introduced to style the content. Over time, the web became more and more popular, sites got bigger, and it became necessary to reuse styles. For these purposes, CSS was invented. Cascading Style Sheets. Cascading plays a very important role in this name. We write styles that lay like a waterfall over the hollows of our document, filling it with colors and highlighting important elements. Time passed, the web became more and more complex, and we are facing the fact that the styles cascade turned into a problem for us. Distributed teams, working on their parts of the system, combining them into reusable modules, assemble an application from pieces, like Dr. Frankenstein, stitching styles into one large canvas, can get the sudden result... Due to the cascade, the styles of module 1 can affect the display of module 3, and module 4 can make changes to the global styles and change the entire display of the application in general. Developers have started to think of solving this problem. Style naming conventions were created to avoid overlaps, such as Yandex's BEM or Atomic CSS. The idea is clear, we operate with names in order to get predictability, but at the same time to prevent repetitions. These approaches were crashed of the rocks of the human factor. Anyway, we have no guarantee that the developer from team A won't use the name from team C. The naming problem can only be solved by assigning a random name to the CSS class. Thus, we get a completely independent CSS set of styles that will be applied to a specific HTML block and we understand for sure that the rest of the system won't be affected in any way. And then 2 approaches came onto the stage to organize our CSS: CSS Modules and CSS-in-JS . Under the hood, having a different technical implementation, and in fact solving the problem of atomicity, reusability, and avoiding side effects when writing CSS. Technically, CSS Modules transforms style names using a hash-based on the filename, path, style name. Styled-components handles styles in JS runtime, adding them as they go to the head HTML section (<head>). Approaches overview Let's see which approach is more optimal for writing a modern web application! Let's imagine we have a basic React application: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import ' ./App.css ' ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < div className = "title" > React application title </ div > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode CSS styles of this application: .title { padding : 20px ; background-color : #222 ; text-align : center ; color : white ; font-size : 1.5em ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The dependencies are React 16.14 , react-dom 16.14 Let's try to build this application using webpack using all production optimizations. we've got uglified JS - 129kb separated and minified CSS - 133 bytes The same code in CSS Modules will look like this: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import styles from ' ./App.module.css ' ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < div className = { styles . title } > React application title </ div > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode uglified JS - 129kb separated and minified CSS - 151 bytes The CSS Modules version will take up a couple of bytes more due to the impossibility of compressing the long generated CSS names. Finally, let's rewrite the same code under styled-components: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import styles from ' styled-components ' ; const Title = styles . h1 ` padding: 20px; background-color: #222; text-align: center; color: white; font-size: 1.5em; ` ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < Title > React application title </ Title > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode uglified JS - 163kb CSS file is missing The more than 30kb difference between CSS Modules and CSS-in-JS (styled-components) is due to styled-components adding extra code to add styles to the <head> part of the HTML document. In this synthetic test, the CSS Modules approach wins, since the build system doesn't add something extra to implement it, except for the changed class name. Styled-components due to technical implementation, adds dependency as well as code for runtime handling and styling of <head>. Now let's take a quick look at the pros and cons of CSS-in-JS / CSS Modules. Pros and cons CSS-in-JS cons The browser won't start interpreting the styles until styled-components has parsed them and added them to the DOM, which slows down rendering. The absence of CSS files means that you cannot cache separate CSS. One of the key downsides is that most libraries don't support this approach and we still can't get rid of CSS. All native JS and jQuery plugins are written without using this approach. Not all React solutions use it. Styles integration problems. When a markup developer prepares a layout for a JS developer, we may forget to transfer something; there will also be difficulty in synchronizing a new version of layout and JS code. We can't use CSS utilities: SCSS, Less, Postcss, stylelint, etc. pros Styles can use JS logic. This reminds me of Expression in IE6, when we could wrap some logic in our styles (Hello, CSS Expressions :) ). const Title = styles . h1 ` padding: 20px; background-color: #222; text-align: center; color: white; font-size: 1.5em; ${ props => props . secondary && css ` background-color: #fff; color: #000; padding: 10px; font-size: 1em; ` } ` ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode When developing small modules, it simplifies the connection to the project, since you only need to connect the one independent JS file. It is semantically nicer to use <Title> in a React component than <h1 className={style.title}>. CSS Modules cons To describe global styles, you must use a syntax that does not belong to the CSS specification. :global ( .myclass ) { text-decoration : underline ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Integrating into a project, you need to include styles. Working with typescript, you need to automatically or manually generate interfaces. For these purposes, I use webpack loader: @teamsupercell/typings-for-css-modules-loader pros We work with regular CSS, it makes it possible to use SCSS, Less, Postcss, stylelint, and more. Also, you don't waste time on adapting the CSS to JS. No integration of styles into the code, clean code as result. Almost 100% standardized except for global styles. Conclusion So the fundamental problem with the CSS-in-JS approach is that it's not CSS! This kind of code is harder to maintain if you have a defined person in your team working on markup. Such code will be slower, due to the fact that the CSS rendered into the file is processed in parallel, and the CSS-in-JS cannot be rendered into a separate CSS file. And the last fundamental flaw is the inability to use ready-made approaches and utilities, such as SCSS, Less and Stylelint, and so on. On the other hand, the CSS-in-JS approach can be a good solution for the Frontend team who deals with both markup and JS, and develops all components from scratch. Also, CSS-in-JS will be useful for modules that integrate into other applications. In my personal opinion, the issue of CSS cascading is overrated. If we are developing a small application or site, with one team, then we are unlikely to encounter a name collision or the difficulty of reusing components. If you faced with this problem, I recommend considering CSS Modules, as, in my opinion, this is a more optimal solution for the above factors. In any case, whatever you choose, write meaningful code and don't get fooled by the hype. Hype will pass, and we all have to live with it. Have great and interesting projects, dear readers! Top comments (30) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Senior Software Engineer Work Senior Software Engineer Joined Feb 17, 2020 • Mar 12 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide One pro of CSS, the hot reload is instant when you just change CSS, with CSS in JS the project is recompiled. For CSS-in-JS I find easier to reuse that code in a React Native project. My personal conclusion is that we are constantly trying to avoid CSS but at the end of the day, CSS will stay here forever. Great article btw! Like comment: Like comment: 25 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GreggHume GreggHume GreggHume Follow A developer who works with and on some of the worlds leading brands. My company is called Cold Brew Studios, see you out there :) Joined Mar 10, 2021 • Mar 9 '22 • Edited on Mar 9 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I ran into issues with css modules that styled components seemed to solve. But i ran into issues with styled components that I wouldn't have had with plain scss. So some things to think about: Styled components is a lot more overhead because all the styled components need to be complied into stylesheets and mounted to the head by javascript which is a blocking language. On SSR styled components get compiled into a ServerStyleSheet that then hydrate the react dom tree in the browser via the context api. So even then the mounting of styles only happens in the browser but the parsing of styles happens on the server - that is still a performance penalty and will slow down the page load. In some cases I had no issues with styled components but as my site grew and in complex cases I couldn't help but feel like it was slower, or didn't load as smoothly... and in a world where every second matters, this was a problem for me. Here is an article doing benchmarks on CSS vs CSS in JS: pustelto.com/blog/css-vs-css-in-js... I use nextjs, it is a pity they do not support component level css and we are forced to use css modules or styled components... where as with Nuxt component level scss is part of the package and you have the option on how you want the sites css to bundled - all in one file, split into their own files and some other nifty options. I hope nextjs sharped up on this. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Follow 🕊 Location Lagos, Nigeria Work Software Developer Joined Feb 18, 2021 • Jun 22 '22 • Edited on Jun 22 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide A big tip that might help. Why not use SCSS and unique classNames: For example create a unique container className (name of the component) and nest all the other classNames under that unique container className. .home-page-guest { .nav {} .main {} .footer {} } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode < div className = " home-page-guest " > < div className = " nav " /> < div className = " main " /> < div className = " footer " /> < /div > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I bet you did Greg Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Hank Queston Hank Queston Hank Queston Follow Work CTO at Bonfire Joined May 25, 2021 • May 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I agreed, CSS Modules make a lot more sense to me over Styled Components, always have! Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Comment deleted Collapse Expand Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Apr 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide @Petar Kokev If something I learned from this years of working with React and other projects is that the correct library for project isn't the correct library for another. So the mos important think that we need to do is select the tools, libraries and technologies that fit better to the current project. In this case you can't use Styled-components on sites that require a good SEO, becouse the mos important think here is the SEO and you cant sacrify it. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand thedev1232 thedev1232 thedev1232 Follow tech enthusiast - code to the nuts Location sanjose Work Senior dev Manager at self Joined Oct 26, 2020 • Mar 31 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide How about having to deal with libraries like Material UI with next js? I have an issue to decide whether to use just makeStyles function or should we use styled components? My main concern is code longevity and maintenance without any issues Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Will Farley Will Farley Will Farley Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Jan 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide My big issues with styled components is they are deeply coupled with your code. I've opted to use emotion's css utility exclusively and instructed my team to avoid using any of the styled component features. We've loved it but this was a few years ago. For newer projects I'm going with the css modules design. Also why does anyone care about sass anymore? With css variables and the css nesting module in the specification, you get the best parts of sass with vanilla css. The other features are just overkill for a css-module that should represent a single react component and thus nothing :global . Complicated sass directives and stuff are just overkill. Turn it into a react component and don't make any crazy css systems. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Follow 🕊 Location Lagos, Nigeria Work Software Developer Joined Feb 18, 2021 • Mar 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Same I was trying to revamp my personal site, I discovered that I would have to rewrite alot of things, and then I later gave up. I would advice css modules are the way to go, and it greatly helps with SEO. And in teams using SC, naming becomes an issue because some people don't know how to name components and you have to scroll around, just to check if a component is a h1 tag 🤮 CACHEing I can't stress this enough, for enterprise in-house apps it doesn't really matter, but for everyday consumer-essentric apps CACHEing should not be overlooked Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Matty Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Will Farley Will Farley Will Farley Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Jan 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You can still have a top-level css file that isn't a css module for global stuff Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Petar Kolev Petar Kolev Petar Kolev Follow Senior Software Engineer with React && TypeScript Location Bulgaria Work Senior Software Engineer @ alkem.io Joined Nov 27, 2019 • Sep 10 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It is not true that with styled-components one can't use scss syntax, etc. styled-components supports it. Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eduard Eduard Eduard Follow Taxation is robbery Joined Oct 25, 2019 • Mar 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide How about css-in-js frameworks like material-ua, chakra-ui and others? In my opinion, they dramatically speed up development. Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Apr 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide In my personal opinion I see Styled Components more for a Single Page Aplications where the SEO isn't important and is unecessary to cache css files. In the case of static web site or a site that must have a good SEO the Module-Css is better. @greggcbs My recomendation is to use code splitting if you have problem with the performans when you use Styled-Components in your project, in order to avoid brign all code in the first load of the site. Good article @sergey Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Jess Rodriguez celly Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gass Gass Gass Follow hi there 👋 Email g.szada@gmail.com Location Budapest, Hungary Education engineering Work software developer @ itemis Joined Dec 25, 2021 • Apr 25 '22 • Edited on Apr 25 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good post. I've been using CSS modules for a short time now and I like it. Allows everything to be nicely compartmentalized. I also like that it gives more freedom to name classes in smaller chunks of CSS code. Instead of using it like so: {styles.my_class} I preffer {s.my_class} makes the code looks nicer and more concise. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mario Iliev Mario Iliev Mario Iliev Follow Joined Jun 14, 2023 • Jun 14 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I'm sorry but it seems that you don't have much experience with Styled Components. "And the last fundamental flaw is the inability to use ready-made approaches and utilities, such as SCSS, Less and Stylelint, and so on." Not a single thing here is true. SCSS is the original syntax of the package, you can use Stylelint as well. There are a lot more "pros" which are not listed here. By working with JS you are opened to another world. I'll list some more "pros" from the top of my head: consume and validate your theme colors as pure JS object consume state/props and create dynamic CSS out of it you have plugins which can be a live savers in cases like RTL (right to left orientation). Whoever had to support an app/website with RTL will be magically saved by this plugin. You can create custom plugins to fix various problems, or make your own linting in your team project. you don't think about CSS class names and collision. I prefer to be focused on thinking about variable names in my JS only and not spending effort in the CSS as well when you break your visual habits you will realise that's it's easier to have your CSS in your JS file just the way you got used to have your HTML in your JS file (React) In these days CSS has become a monster. You have inheritance, mixins, variables, IF statements, loops etc. Sure they can be useful somewhere but I'm pretty sure that most of you just need to center that div. So in my personal opinion we should strive to keep CSS as simpler as possible (as with everything actually) and I think that Styled Components are kind of pushing you to do exactly that. Don't re-use CSS, re-use components! The only global things you should have are probably just the color theme and animations. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Annie-Huang Annie-Huang Annie-Huang Follow Joined Mar 14, 2021 • Feb 16 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Couldn't agree more on the last two bullet points~~ Like comment: Like comment: Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand DrBeehre DrBeehre DrBeehre Follow Location New Zealand Work Software Engineer at Self-Employed Joined Nov 10, 2020 • Mar 14 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is awesome! I'm quite new to Web dev in particular and when starting a new project, I've often wondered which approach is better as I could see pros and cons to both, but I never found the time to dig in. Thanks for pulling all this together into a concise blog post! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (30 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Sergey Follow Joined Nov 18, 2020 More from Sergey Mastering the Dependency Inversion Principle: Best Practices for Clean Code with DI # webdev # javascript # typescript # programming Rockpack 2.0 Official Release # react # javascript # webdev # showdev Project Structure. Repository and folders. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Sergey Posted on Mar 11, 2021 CSS Modules vs CSS-in-JS. Who wins? # webdev # css # javascript # react Introduction In modern React application development, there are many approaches to organizing application styles. One of the popular ways of such an organization is the CSS-in-JS approach (in the article we will use styled-components as the most popular solution) and CSS Modules. In this article, we will try to answer the question: which is better CSS-in-JS or CSS Modules ? So let's get back to basics. When a web page was primarily set for storing textual documentation and didn't include user interactions, properties were introduced to style the content. Over time, the web became more and more popular, sites got bigger, and it became necessary to reuse styles. For these purposes, CSS was invented. Cascading Style Sheets. Cascading plays a very important role in this name. We write styles that lay like a waterfall over the hollows of our document, filling it with colors and highlighting important elements. Time passed, the web became more and more complex, and we are facing the fact that the styles cascade turned into a problem for us. Distributed teams, working on their parts of the system, combining them into reusable modules, assemble an application from pieces, like Dr. Frankenstein, stitching styles into one large canvas, can get the sudden result... Due to the cascade, the styles of module 1 can affect the display of module 3, and module 4 can make changes to the global styles and change the entire display of the application in general. Developers have started to think of solving this problem. Style naming conventions were created to avoid overlaps, such as Yandex's BEM or Atomic CSS. The idea is clear, we operate with names in order to get predictability, but at the same time to prevent repetitions. These approaches were crashed of the rocks of the human factor. Anyway, we have no guarantee that the developer from team A won't use the name from team C. The naming problem can only be solved by assigning a random name to the CSS class. Thus, we get a completely independent CSS set of styles that will be applied to a specific HTML block and we understand for sure that the rest of the system won't be affected in any way. And then 2 approaches came onto the stage to organize our CSS: CSS Modules and CSS-in-JS . Under the hood, having a different technical implementation, and in fact solving the problem of atomicity, reusability, and avoiding side effects when writing CSS. Technically, CSS Modules transforms style names using a hash-based on the filename, path, style name. Styled-components handles styles in JS runtime, adding them as they go to the head HTML section (<head>). Approaches overview Let's see which approach is more optimal for writing a modern web application! Let's imagine we have a basic React application: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import ' ./App.css ' ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < div className = "title" > React application title </ div > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode CSS styles of this application: .title { padding : 20px ; background-color : #222 ; text-align : center ; color : white ; font-size : 1.5em ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The dependencies are React 16.14 , react-dom 16.14 Let's try to build this application using webpack using all production optimizations. we've got uglified JS - 129kb separated and minified CSS - 133 bytes The same code in CSS Modules will look like this: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import styles from ' ./App.module.css ' ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < div className = { styles . title } > React application title </ div > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode uglified JS - 129kb separated and minified CSS - 151 bytes The CSS Modules version will take up a couple of bytes more due to the impossibility of compressing the long generated CSS names. Finally, let's rewrite the same code under styled-components: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import styles from ' styled-components ' ; const Title = styles . h1 ` padding: 20px; background-color: #222; text-align: center; color: white; font-size: 1.5em; ` ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < Title > React application title </ Title > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode uglified JS - 163kb CSS file is missing The more than 30kb difference between CSS Modules and CSS-in-JS (styled-components) is due to styled-components adding extra code to add styles to the <head> part of the HTML document. In this synthetic test, the CSS Modules approach wins, since the build system doesn't add something extra to implement it, except for the changed class name. Styled-components due to technical implementation, adds dependency as well as code for runtime handling and styling of <head>. Now let's take a quick look at the pros and cons of CSS-in-JS / CSS Modules. Pros and cons CSS-in-JS cons The browser won't start interpreting the styles until styled-components has parsed them and added them to the DOM, which slows down rendering. The absence of CSS files means that you cannot cache separate CSS. One of the key downsides is that most libraries don't support this approach and we still can't get rid of CSS. All native JS and jQuery plugins are written without using this approach. Not all React solutions use it. Styles integration problems. When a markup developer prepares a layout for a JS developer, we may forget to transfer something; there will also be difficulty in synchronizing a new version of layout and JS code. We can't use CSS utilities: SCSS, Less, Postcss, stylelint, etc. pros Styles can use JS logic. This reminds me of Expression in IE6, when we could wrap some logic in our styles (Hello, CSS Expressions :) ). const Title = styles . h1 ` padding: 20px; background-color: #222; text-align: center; color: white; font-size: 1.5em; ${ props => props . secondary && css ` background-color: #fff; color: #000; padding: 10px; font-size: 1em; ` } ` ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode When developing small modules, it simplifies the connection to the project, since you only need to connect the one independent JS file. It is semantically nicer to use <Title> in a React component than <h1 className={style.title}>. CSS Modules cons To describe global styles, you must use a syntax that does not belong to the CSS specification. :global ( .myclass ) { text-decoration : underline ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Integrating into a project, you need to include styles. Working with typescript, you need to automatically or manually generate interfaces. For these purposes, I use webpack loader: @teamsupercell/typings-for-css-modules-loader pros We work with regular CSS, it makes it possible to use SCSS, Less, Postcss, stylelint, and more. Also, you don't waste time on adapting the CSS to JS. No integration of styles into the code, clean code as result. Almost 100% standardized except for global styles. Conclusion So the fundamental problem with the CSS-in-JS approach is that it's not CSS! This kind of code is harder to maintain if you have a defined person in your team working on markup. Such code will be slower, due to the fact that the CSS rendered into the file is processed in parallel, and the CSS-in-JS cannot be rendered into a separate CSS file. And the last fundamental flaw is the inability to use ready-made approaches and utilities, such as SCSS, Less and Stylelint, and so on. On the other hand, the CSS-in-JS approach can be a good solution for the Frontend team who deals with both markup and JS, and develops all components from scratch. Also, CSS-in-JS will be useful for modules that integrate into other applications. In my personal opinion, the issue of CSS cascading is overrated. If we are developing a small application or site, with one team, then we are unlikely to encounter a name collision or the difficulty of reusing components. If you faced with this problem, I recommend considering CSS Modules, as, in my opinion, this is a more optimal solution for the above factors. In any case, whatever you choose, write meaningful code and don't get fooled by the hype. Hype will pass, and we all have to live with it. Have great and interesting projects, dear readers! Top comments (30) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Senior Software Engineer Work Senior Software Engineer Joined Feb 17, 2020 • Mar 12 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide One pro of CSS, the hot reload is instant when you just change CSS, with CSS in JS the project is recompiled. For CSS-in-JS I find easier to reuse that code in a React Native project. My personal conclusion is that we are constantly trying to avoid CSS but at the end of the day, CSS will stay here forever. Great article btw! Like comment: Like comment: 25 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GreggHume GreggHume GreggHume Follow A developer who works with and on some of the worlds leading brands. My company is called Cold Brew Studios, see you out there :) Joined Mar 10, 2021 • Mar 9 '22 • Edited on Mar 9 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I ran into issues with css modules that styled components seemed to solve. But i ran into issues with styled components that I wouldn't have had with plain scss. So some things to think about: Styled components is a lot more overhead because all the styled components need to be complied into stylesheets and mounted to the head by javascript which is a blocking language. On SSR styled components get compiled into a ServerStyleSheet that then hydrate the react dom tree in the browser via the context api. So even then the mounting of styles only happens in the browser but the parsing of styles happens on the server - that is still a performance penalty and will slow down the page load. In some cases I had no issues with styled components but as my site grew and in complex cases I couldn't help but feel like it was slower, or didn't load as smoothly... and in a world where every second matters, this was a problem for me. Here is an article doing benchmarks on CSS vs CSS in JS: pustelto.com/blog/css-vs-css-in-js... I use nextjs, it is a pity they do not support component level css and we are forced to use css modules or styled components... where as with Nuxt component level scss is part of the package and you have the option on how you want the sites css to bundled - all in one file, split into their own files and some other nifty options. I hope nextjs sharped up on this. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Follow 🕊 Location Lagos, Nigeria Work Software Developer Joined Feb 18, 2021 • Jun 22 '22 • Edited on Jun 22 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide A big tip that might help. Why not use SCSS and unique classNames: For example create a unique container className (name of the component) and nest all the other classNames under that unique container className. .home-page-guest { .nav {} .main {} .footer {} } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode < div className = " home-page-guest " > < div className = " nav " /> < div className = " main " /> < div className = " footer " /> < /div > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I bet you did Greg Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Hank Queston Hank Queston Hank Queston Follow Work CTO at Bonfire Joined May 25, 2021 • May 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I agreed, CSS Modules make a lot more sense to me over Styled Components, always have! Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Comment deleted Collapse Expand Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Apr 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide @Petar Kokev If something I learned from this years of working with React and other projects is that the correct library for project isn't the correct library for another. So the mos important think that we need to do is select the tools, libraries and technologies that fit better to the current project. In this case you can't use Styled-components on sites that require a good SEO, becouse the mos important think here is the SEO and you cant sacrify it. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand thedev1232 thedev1232 thedev1232 Follow tech enthusiast - code to the nuts Location sanjose Work Senior dev Manager at self Joined Oct 26, 2020 • Mar 31 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide How about having to deal with libraries like Material UI with next js? I have an issue to decide whether to use just makeStyles function or should we use styled components? My main concern is code longevity and maintenance without any issues Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Will Farley Will Farley Will Farley Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Jan 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide My big issues with styled components is they are deeply coupled with your code. I've opted to use emotion's css utility exclusively and instructed my team to avoid using any of the styled component features. We've loved it but this was a few years ago. For newer projects I'm going with the css modules design. Also why does anyone care about sass anymore? With css variables and the css nesting module in the specification, you get the best parts of sass with vanilla css. The other features are just overkill for a css-module that should represent a single react component and thus nothing :global . Complicated sass directives and stuff are just overkill. Turn it into a react component and don't make any crazy css systems. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Follow 🕊 Location Lagos, Nigeria Work Software Developer Joined Feb 18, 2021 • Mar 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Same I was trying to revamp my personal site, I discovered that I would have to rewrite alot of things, and then I later gave up. I would advice css modules are the way to go, and it greatly helps with SEO. And in teams using SC, naming becomes an issue because some people don't know how to name components and you have to scroll around, just to check if a component is a h1 tag 🤮 CACHEing I can't stress this enough, for enterprise in-house apps it doesn't really matter, but for everyday consumer-essentric apps CACHEing should not be overlooked Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Matty Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Will Farley Will Farley Will Farley Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Jan 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You can still have a top-level css file that isn't a css module for global stuff Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Petar Kolev Petar Kolev Petar Kolev Follow Senior Software Engineer with React && TypeScript Location Bulgaria Work Senior Software Engineer @ alkem.io Joined Nov 27, 2019 • Sep 10 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It is not true that with styled-components one can't use scss syntax, etc. styled-components supports it. Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eduard Eduard Eduard Follow Taxation is robbery Joined Oct 25, 2019 • Mar 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide How about css-in-js frameworks like material-ua, chakra-ui and others? In my opinion, they dramatically speed up development. Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Apr 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide In my personal opinion I see Styled Components more for a Single Page Aplications where the SEO isn't important and is unecessary to cache css files. In the case of static web site or a site that must have a good SEO the Module-Css is better. @greggcbs My recomendation is to use code splitting if you have problem with the performans when you use Styled-Components in your project, in order to avoid brign all code in the first load of the site. Good article @sergey Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Jess Rodriguez celly Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gass Gass Gass Follow hi there 👋 Email g.szada@gmail.com Location Budapest, Hungary Education engineering Work software developer @ itemis Joined Dec 25, 2021 • Apr 25 '22 • Edited on Apr 25 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good post. I've been using CSS modules for a short time now and I like it. Allows everything to be nicely compartmentalized. I also like that it gives more freedom to name classes in smaller chunks of CSS code. Instead of using it like so: {styles.my_class} I preffer {s.my_class} makes the code looks nicer and more concise. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mario Iliev Mario Iliev Mario Iliev Follow Joined Jun 14, 2023 • Jun 14 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I'm sorry but it seems that you don't have much experience with Styled Components. "And the last fundamental flaw is the inability to use ready-made approaches and utilities, such as SCSS, Less and Stylelint, and so on." Not a single thing here is true. SCSS is the original syntax of the package, you can use Stylelint as well. There are a lot more "pros" which are not listed here. By working with JS you are opened to another world. I'll list some more "pros" from the top of my head: consume and validate your theme colors as pure JS object consume state/props and create dynamic CSS out of it you have plugins which can be a live savers in cases like RTL (right to left orientation). Whoever had to support an app/website with RTL will be magically saved by this plugin. You can create custom plugins to fix various problems, or make your own linting in your team project. you don't think about CSS class names and collision. I prefer to be focused on thinking about variable names in my JS only and not spending effort in the CSS as well when you break your visual habits you will realise that's it's easier to have your CSS in your JS file just the way you got used to have your HTML in your JS file (React) In these days CSS has become a monster. You have inheritance, mixins, variables, IF statements, loops etc. Sure they can be useful somewhere but I'm pretty sure that most of you just need to center that div. So in my personal opinion we should strive to keep CSS as simpler as possible (as with everything actually) and I think that Styled Components are kind of pushing you to do exactly that. Don't re-use CSS, re-use components! The only global things you should have are probably just the color theme and animations. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Annie-Huang Annie-Huang Annie-Huang Follow Joined Mar 14, 2021 • Feb 16 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Couldn't agree more on the last two bullet points~~ Like comment: Like comment: Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand DrBeehre DrBeehre DrBeehre Follow Location New Zealand Work Software Engineer at Self-Employed Joined Nov 10, 2020 • Mar 14 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is awesome! I'm quite new to Web dev in particular and when starting a new project, I've often wondered which approach is better as I could see pros and cons to both, but I never found the time to dig in. Thanks for pulling all this together into a concise blog post! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (30 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Sergey Follow Joined Nov 18, 2020 More from Sergey Mastering the Dependency Inversion Principle: Best Practices for Clean Code with DI # webdev # javascript # typescript # programming Rockpack 2.0 Official Release # react # javascript # webdev # showdev Project Structure. Repository and folders. Review of approaches. # javascript # react # webdev # codenewbie 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:17 |
https://hmpljs.forem.com/hamzaansariask/comment/2oa33 | Thats great for me. - HMPL.js Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account HMPL.js Forem Close Discussion on: S27:E7 - Tech and Art (Chris Immel) View post Collapse Expand Hamza Ansari Hamza Ansari Hamza Ansari Follow Website Developer at in Scotland at tech company in scotland. Location scotland Joined May 31, 2025 • Jun 2 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thats great for me. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV HMPL.js Forem — For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . HMPL.js Forem © 2016 - 2026. Powerful templates, minimal JS Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:17 |
https://future.forem.com/hamzaansariask/how-australian-e-commerce-startups-are-using-ai-to-personalise-the-customer-journey-40dm#comments | How Australian E-commerce Startups Are Using AI to Personalise the Customer Journey - Future Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Future Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Hamza Ansari Posted on Oct 4, 2025 How Australian E-commerce Startups Are Using AI to Personalise the Customer Journey # commerce How Australian E-commerce Startups Are Using AI to Personalise the Customer Journey The online shopping experience has fundamentally changed. Customers no longer want to be treated like just another number in a sales report; they expect brands to understand their unique needs, preferences, and behaviors. This demand for personalization has created a new battleground for e-commerce startups. In Australia, a new wave of innovative companies is leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) to create hyper-personalized customer journeys that build loyalty and drive growth. AI is no longer a futuristic concept—it's a practical tool that allows businesses to analyze vast amounts of data and deliver tailored experiences at scale. From product recommendations to customer support, AI is enabling startups to connect with their audience in more meaningful ways. This article explores how Australian e-commerce disruptors are using AI to personalize every touchpoint, with real-world examples of companies leading the charge. We'll examine the specific strategies they're using to make online shopping smarter, more intuitive, and ultimately more human. How AI is Revolutionizing E-commerce in Australia The AI Toolkit: Transforming E-commerce Before diving into specific examples, it's helpful to understand the key AI technologies that are reshaping the customer journey. These tools are becoming increasingly accessible, allowing even lean startups to compete with established giants. Predictive Analytics: AI algorithms analyze past customer behavior, browsing history, and purchase data to predict future actions. This allows brands to proactively offer relevant products, content, and promotions before the customer even thinks to search for them. AI-Powered Chatbots: Modern chatbots go far beyond simple, pre-programmed responses. They use Natural Language Processing (NLP) to understand customer intent, provide instant 24/7 support, answer complex questions, and even guide users through the purchasing process. Personalized Recommendation Engines: This is one of the most visible applications of AI in e-commerce. These engines use machine learning to suggest products that are highly relevant to the individual shopper, moving far beyond generic "best-seller" lists. Dynamic Pricing and Promotions: AI can analyze market demand, competitor pricing, and a customer's purchasing habits to offer personalized discounts and dynamic pricing, maximizing both conversion rates and revenue. 1. The Iconic : AI for Fashion Discovery As one of Australia's largest online fashion and lifestyle retailers, The Iconic uses AI to solve a major challenge: helping customers find what they love in a catalog of thousands of products. Their "Snap to Shop" feature is a prime example of visual AI in action. A user can upload a photo of an outfit they like, and The Iconic's AI will instantly search its inventory for similar items. This technology transforms inspiration into a seamless shopping experience. It removes the friction of trying to describe a clothing item with keywords and instead provides an intuitive, visual search path. Furthermore, their recommendation engine learns from every click, purchase, and search, constantly refining the "You Might Also Like" sections to become more accurate and personalized for each user. This deep level of personalization helps customers feel understood, turning a potentially overwhelming browsing session into an exciting journey of discovery. 2. Lyka : Hyper-Personalized Pet Nutrition Lyka is a direct-to-consumer pet food startup that has disrupted the industry with its fresh, human-grade meals for dogs. AI is at the very core of its business model, enabling a level of personalization that traditional pet food companies cannot match. When a new customer signs up, they complete a detailed quiz about their dog, including its age, breed, weight, activity level, and any health issues. Lyka's proprietary algorithm uses this data to create a customized meal plan tailored to the dog's specific nutritional needs. The AI calculates the precise portion sizes and caloric intake required, which adjusts over time as the dog's needs change. This data-driven approach allows Lyka to deliver a truly bespoke product. The company uses the ongoing feedback from customers to further refine its algorithms, creating a powerful feedback loop that continuously improves the health outcomes for the pets it serves. It’s a perfect example of using AI to deliver a hyper-personalized product and service. 3. Opure Australia : AI for Authentic Education and Trust In the wellness industry, trust is the most valuable currency. Opure Australia, a natural supplements startup launched in 2022, has built its success on a foundation of transparency. While not a tech company at its core, it cleverly uses AI to personalize the educational journey for its customers, building deep-seated trust and authority. The brand, founded by Zafar Yaqoob, achieved profitability in under two years by focusing on pure, high-quality Shilajit. Opure Australia uses AI-powered tools to analyze customer queries and on-site search behavior. This helps them identify the most pressing questions and concerns their audience has about Shilajit—from its benefits and sourcing to its purity. This data is then used to create highly targeted educational content, such as blog posts, FAQs, and video guides, that directly address these specific informational needs. Furthermore, AI-driven chatbots on their website can instantly provide customers with links to third-party lab reports for specific batches, answer questions about dosage, and explain the science behind the product's benefits. This automates the process of building trust by providing immediate, transparent information. By personalizing the educational journey, Opure Australia ensures that each customer feels informed and confident in their purchase, a crucial factor in the natural products space. 4. InstantScripts : AI for Accessible Healthcare InstantScripts is a health-tech platform that uses AI to make healthcare more accessible and personalized. The platform provides services like online doctor consultations and prescription renewals. AI plays a critical role in their initial intake process. When a patient seeks a consultation, an AI-driven triage system asks a series of dynamic questions to gather preliminary information about their symptoms and medical history. This process helps to streamline the consultation for the human doctor, ensuring they have all the relevant information at their fingertips. The AI can identify potential red flags that may require immediate attention, personalizing the level of urgency. This use of AI doesn't replace the doctor but empowers them to provide faster, more efficient, and more personalized care. 5. Carman's Kitchen : Personalizing at Scale Carman's Kitchen, a beloved Australian brand known for its muesli and snack bars, uses AI to personalize its marketing and customer communication at a massive scale. By analyzing purchase data from its online store and loyalty program, Carman's can segment its audience with incredible precision. Their AI-powered marketing automation tools send personalized email campaigns featuring recipes, new product announcements, and special offers based on a customer's past purchases. For example, a customer who frequently buys gluten-free products will receive content specifically tailored to a gluten-free lifestyle. This ensures that every communication is relevant and valuable, strengthening the customer's relationship with the brand and encouraging repeat purchases. It demonstrates that even established brands can leverage AI to create the personalized feel of a small startup. The Future is Personalized The use of AI in Australian e-commerce is not just a trend; it's a fundamental shift in how brands build relationships with their customers. From fashion and pet food to wellness and healthcare, startups are proving that a data-driven, personalized approach is the key to cutting through the noise. These companies show that AI is not about replacing the human element but enhancing it. By automating data analysis and personalizing interactions, businesses can focus on what truly matters: delivering exceptional value and building authentic connections. For any entrepreneur in the e-commerce space, the message is clear: embracing AI is no longer optional if you want to create a customer journey that is truly memorable. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Hamza Ansari Follow Website Developer at in Scotland at tech company in scotland. Location scotland Joined May 31, 2025 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Future — News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Future © 2025 - 2026. Stay on the cutting edge, and shape tomorrow Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:17 |
https://stackoverflow.blog/pulse-survey/ | Pulse survey - Stack Overflow Blog Loading… Everything Productivity AI/ML Open Source Business Hub Company Releases Podcast Newsletter Stack Overflow Business Stack Internal : the knowledge intelligence layer that powers enterprise AI. Stack Data Licensing : decades of verified, technical knowledge to boost AI performance and trust. Stack Ads : engage developers where it matters — in their daily workflow. Pulse survey Related Tags Survey Code for a Living AI #StackOverflowKnows Insights Community newsletter Subscribe to the podcast Get The Stack Overflow Podcast at your favorite listening service. Apple Podcasts Overcast Overcast Pocket Casts Spotify RSS feed December 10, 2025 Tell us what you really, really… do not want to spend time working on With the promise of AI productivity gains not always coming to fruition, we wondered where developers still get frustrated. 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https://dev.to/bobur/agent-knowledge-vs-memories-understanding-the-difference-4pgj | Agent Knowledge vs Memories: Understanding the Difference - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Bobur Umurzokov Posted on Jan 9 • Originally published at chatmemory.ai Agent Knowledge vs Memories: Understanding the Difference # programming # webdev # ai # productivity Most developers are still confused about what "memory" means in AI and why they should use it. Or they keep asking: what’s the difference between knowledge and memory? How to use them together? Many of them treat memory as just cached conversations. Others try to build their own version by storing data in files. Knowledge and memories serve very different purposes inside an AI agent. When you clearly separate them and design for each intentionally, your agent stops behaving like a scripted chatbot, saves up to 80% LLM tokens, and starts acting like a helpful assistant that actually remembers customers. Knowledge: Your Agent's Reference Library Think of it as your agent’s reference library. Every customer reads from the same book, and that consistency is what makes your agent reliable. Knowledge is everything that is true for all customers, regardless of who is asking. It represents your business facts: documentation, pricing, policies, shipping rules, FAQs, API references, and internal procedures. Knowledge is stable. It changes only when your business changes, not when the customer changes. When a customer asks about shipping rates, the agent doesn’t need personal context. It simply retrieves the correct information from the knowledge base and responds. The answer should be identical for every customer, every time. This consistency is the strength of knowledge. If it’s wrong, your agent confidently gives incorrect answers. If it’s missing, your agent starts guessing. That’s why knowledge must be curated and maintained carefully. Knowledge Characteristics Static & Structured: Contains business information that doesn't change frequently—product catalogs, FAQs, policies, procedures Universally Shared: All customers access the same knowledge base—what's true for one customer is true for all Manually Curated: You upload, organize, and maintain this content based on what your business offers Purpose: Provides accurate, consistent answers grounded in your business reality Real-World Knowledge Example Customer: "What are your shipping rates to Canada?" Agent: [Searches knowledge base] "We offer three shipping options to Canada: Standard (5-7 days) for $12.99, Express (2-3 days) for $24.99, and Overnight for $49.99. Free shipping on orders over $150." Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The agent pulled this directly from your knowledge base, the same answer every customer gets, because it's factual business information. Memories: Your Agent's Personal Journal for Each Customer Memories are the opposite of knowledge. They are personal, dynamic, and unique to each customer. Memory captures things like preferences, past purchases, previous issues, and important details the customer has already shared. Memory answers a different question: what do we already know about this person? If a customer says they prefer blue sneakers in size 10, that information should never live in your knowledge base. It belongs in memory, scoped only to that customer. When the same customer comes back weeks later on a different channel the agent can continue the conversation naturally without asking again. This is what prevents the “AI amnesia” problem. Without memory, every interaction resets. Customers repeat themselves. Context disappears. Trust erodes. Memory Characteristics Dynamic & Personal: Captures conversation history, preferences, past issues, and context specific to each customer Individually Isolated: Each customer has their own memory space—what Sarah said never shows up in John's context Automatically Captured: AI extracts and stores important details from conversations without manual work Cross-Channel: Follows customers across WhatsApp, Telegram, web chat—one continuous memory Purpose: Enables personalized, context-aware interactions that feel natural and continuous Real-World Memory Example Week 1 - WhatsApp: Customer: "I need sneakers, size 10, prefer blue colors" Agent: [Stores: prefers blue, size 10, interested in sneakers] Week 3 - Telegram (same customer, different channel): Customer: "Do you have new arrivals?" Agent: "Yes! We just got new blue sneakers in size 10—based on your previous interest, you might love our Nike Runner collection. Want to see them?" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Notice how the agent remembered the customer's preferences across different channels and weeks. This is the power of memories. It's personal, persistent, and creates a seamless experience. AI memory for customer support chats Stop making customers repeat themselves. Add memory so AI remembers, learns, and supports like a human. 🔗 https://www.chatmemory.ai How Agent Knowledge and Memory Work Together The best AI agents don’t choose between knowledge or memory. They use both, in sequence. First, the agent checks memory to understand who it’s talking to and what context already exists. Then it checks knowledge to ensure the response follows business rules and factual accuracy. The final answer combines both into a response that is correct and personal. For example, when a customer asks to return an order, memory tells the agent which order the customer placed and when. Knowledge tells the agent what the return policy allows. The response feels helpful because it references the specific order while correctly applying company rules. Customer: "I want to return my order" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Agent's Process: Check Memory: "This is Sarah, she ordered blue sneakers (order #1234) 2 weeks ago via WhatsApp" Check Knowledge: "Return policy allows 30 days, need receipt, items must be unworn" Combine: Personalized response with accurate policy Agent: "Hi Sarah! I can help with returning your blue sneakers (Order #1234). Our 30-day return policy applies. Since you ordered 2 weeks ago, you're well within the window. Just make sure they're unworn. Would you like me to generate a return label?" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode See the difference? The agent combined knowledge (return policy details) with memories (Sarah's specific order, timeline, and preferences) to create a response that's both accurate and personal. Why Mixing Knowledge and Memory Breaks AI Agents Many teams make the mistake of storing personal conversations inside their knowledge base or passing entire chat histories with every request. This causes multiple problems at once. Answers become noisy because personal data pollutes shared facts. Token usage explodes because the agent is constantly reprocessing irrelevant context. Privacy becomes harder to manage because personal data is mixed with permanent knowledge. A clean separation fixes all of this. Knowledge stays global and stable. Memory stays personal and contextual. The agent retrieves only what it needs, when it needs it. Knowledge vs Memories: Side-by-Side Comparison Aspect Knowledge Memories Content Type Business facts & information Personal history & preferences Who Has Access All customers (shared) Individual customer only How It's Created Manually uploaded by you Auto-captured from conversations Update Frequency Rarely (when business changes) Constantly (every conversation) Persistence Permanent until you change it Configurable retention (7-90+ days) Primary Purpose Provide accurate answers Enable personalization Example Content Product specs, pricing, policies Order history, preferences, past issues When to Use What Use Knowledge For: Product catalogs and specifications Company policies and procedures FAQs and troubleshooting guides Pricing and shipping information Training materials and best practices Use Memories For: Customer purchase history Personal preferences and interests Past support issues and resolutions Communication preferences Conversation context and continuity How to Build It the Right Way Start with Knowledge: Upload your docs, APIs, FAQs. Make sure your agent can answer factual questions accurately and consistently. Add Memory: Turn on automatic context capture. Let it learn about each user over time. Set Retention: Decide how long to keep memories. 7 days? 90 days? Forever? Depends on your use case. Watch and Adjust: See what questions come up repeatedly. Add them to knowledge. See what context matters. Make sure memory captures it. Enable Memory Capture: Configure your agent to automatically extract and store customer-specific context Set Retention Policies: Decide how long to keep memories based on your business needs and compliance requirements Monitor & Refine: Watch how your agent uses both systems and adjust your knowledge content based on common questions Ready to Build Smarter Agents? ChatMemory gives you both. Knowledge bases and automatic memory capture. Works across WhatsApp, Telegram, web chat, wherever your users are. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Bobur Umurzokov Follow Developer Advocate | Software Engineer | Speaker | Microsoft MVP Location Tallinn, Estonia Education Politecnico di Torino Pronouns He/His Work Developer Advocate Joined Dec 29, 2021 More from Bobur Umurzokov RAG vs Memory for AI Agents: What’s the Difference # programming # ai # agents # python AutoGen Multi-agent Conversations Memory # programming # ai # python # tutorial Why Use SQL Databases for AI Agent Memory # programming # sql # database # ai 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/colocodes/react-class-components-vs-function-components-23m6#State | React: class components vs function components - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Damian Demasi Posted on Dec 1, 2021 React: class components vs function components # webdev # javascript # beginners # react When I first started working with React, I mostly used function components, especially because I read that class components were old and outdated. But when I started working with React professionally I realised I was wrong. Class components are very much alive and kicking. So, I decided to write a sort of comparison between class components and function components to have a better understanding of their similarities and differences. Table Of Contents Class components Rendering State A common pitfall Props Lifecycle methods Function components Rendering State Props Conclusion Class components This is how a class component that makes use of state , props and render looks like: class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { name : props . name }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . state . name } </ h1 >; } } // Render ReactDOM . render ( Hello , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources in which you can find more information about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Rendering Let’s say there is a <div> somewhere in your HTML file: <div id= "root" ></div> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode We can render an element in the place of the div with root id like this: const element = < h1 > Hello, world </ h1 >; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Regarding React components, we will usually be exporting a component and using it in another file: Hello.jsx import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; class Hello extends React . Component { render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } export default Hello ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode main.js import React from ' react ' ; import ReactDOM from ' react-dom ' ; import Hello from ' ./app/Hello.jsx ' ; ReactDOM . render (< Hello />, document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode And this is how a class component gets rendered on the web browser. Now, there is a difference between rendering and mounting, and Brad Westfall made a great job summarising it : "Rendering" is any time a function component gets called (or a class-based render method gets called) which returns a set of instructions for creating DOM. "Mounting" is when React "renders" the component for the first time and actually builds the initial DOM from those instructions. State A state is a JavaScript object containing information about the component's current condition. To initialise a class component state we need to use a constructor : class Hello extends React . Component { constructor () { this . state = { endOfMessage : ' ! ' }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } { this . state . endOfMessage } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/rendering-elements.html https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Caution: we shouldn't modify the state directly because it will not trigger a re-render of the component: this . state . comment = ' Hello ' ; // Don't do this Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Instead, we should use the setState() method: this . setState ({ comment : ' Hello ' }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If our current state depends from the previous one, and as setState is asynchronous, we should take into account the previous state: this . setState ( function ( prevState , prevProps ) { return { counter : prevState . counter + prevProps . increment }; }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html A common pitfall If we need to set a state with nested objects , we should spread all the levels of nesting in that object: this . setState ( prevState => ({ ... prevState , someProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty , someOtherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty , anotherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty . anotherProperty , flag : false } } } })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can become cumbersome, so the use of the [immutability-helper](https://github.com/kolodny/immutability-helper) package is recommended. Related sources about this: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43040721/how-to-update-nested-state-properties-in-react Before I knew better, I believed that setting a new object property will always preserve the ones that were not set, but that is not true for nested objects (which is kind of logical, because I would be overriding an object with another one). That situation happens when I previously spread the object and then modify one of its properties: > b = { item1 : ' a ' , item2 : { subItem1 : ' y ' , subItem2 : ' z ' }} //-> { item1: 'a', item2: {subItem1: 'y', subItem2: 'z'}} > b . item2 = {... b . item2 , subItem1 : ' modified ' } //-> { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } } > b . item2 = { subItem1 : ' modified ' } // Not OK //-> { subItem1: 'modified' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified' } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode But when we have nested objects we need to use multiple nested spreads, which turns the code repetitive. That's where the immutability-helper comes to help. You can find more information about this here . Props If we want to access props in the constructor , we need to call the parent class constructor by using super(props) : class Button extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); console . log ( props ); console . log ( this . props ); } // ... } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://overreacted.io/why-do-we-write-super-props/ Bear in mind that using props to set an initial state is an anti-pattern of React. In the past, we could have used the componentWillReceiveProps method to do so, but now it's deprecated . class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { property : this . props . name , // Not recommended, but OK if it's just used as seed data. }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Using props to initialise a state is not an anti-patter if we make it clear that the prop is only used as seed data for the component's internally-controlled state. Related sources about this: https://sentry.io/answers/using-props-to-initialize-state/ https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#unsafe_componentwillreceiveprops https://medium.com/@justintulk/react-anti-patterns-props-in-initial-state-28687846cc2e Lifecycle methods Class components don't have hooks ; they have lifecycle methods instead. render() componentDidMount() componentDidUpdate() componentWillUnmount() shouldComponentUpdate() static getDerivedStateFromProps() getSnapshotBeforeUpdate() You can learn more about lifecycle methods here: https://programmingwithmosh.com/javascript/react-lifecycle-methods/ https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Function components This is how a function component makes use of props , state and render : function Welcome ( props ) { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // or const Welcome = ( props ) => { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // Render const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Rendering Rendering a function component is achieved the same way as with class components: function Welcome ( props ) { return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } </ h1 >; } const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html State When it comes to the state, function components differ quite a bit from class components. We need to define an array that will have two main elements: the value of the state, and the function to update said state. We then need to assign the useState hook to that array, initialising the state in the process: import React , { useState } from ' react ' ; function Example () { // Declare a new state variable, which we'll call "count" const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ); return ( < div > < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > </ div > ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The useState hook is the way function components allow us to use a component's state in a similar manner as this.state is used in class components. Remember: function components use hooks . According to the official documentation: What is a Hook? A Hook is a special function that lets you “hook into” React features. For example, useState is a Hook that lets you add React state to function components. We’ll learn other Hooks later. When would I use a Hook? If you write a function component and realize you need to add some state to it, previously you had to convert it to a class. Now you can use a Hook inside the existing function component. To read the state of the function component we can use the variable we defined when using useState in the function declaration ( count in our example). < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In class components, we had to do something like this: < p > You clicked { this . state . count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Every time we need to update the state, we should call the function we defined ( setCount in this case) with the values of the new state. < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Meanwhile, in class components we used the this keyword followed by the state and the property to be updated: < button onClick = { () => this . setState ({ count : this . state . count + 1 }) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Sources: https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html Props Finally, using props in function components is pretty straight forward: we just pass them as the component argument: function Avatar ( props ) { return ( < img className = "Avatar" src = { props . user . avatarUrl } alt = { props . user . name } /> ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Conclusion Deciding whether to use class components or function components will depend on the situation. As far as I know, professional environments use class components for "main" components, and function components for smaller, particular components. Although this may not be the case depending on your project. I would love to see examples of the use of class and function components in specific situations, so don't be shy of sharing them in the comments section. 🗞️ NEWSLETTER - If you want to hear about my latest articles and interesting software development content, subscribe to my newsletter . 🐦 TWITTER - Follow me on Twitter . Top comments (33) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The issue with class based components and the driving reason why the React team went towards functional components was for better abstractions. In 2013 when React came out, there was a feature called mixins (this is before JavaScript classes were possible). Mixins were a way to share code between components but fostered a lot of problems and anti-patterns. In 2015 JS got classes and 2016 React moved towards real class-based components. Everyone was excited that mixins were gone but we also lost a primitive way to share code in React. Without React offering a way to share code, the community turned towards patterns instead. With classes, if you want to share reusable code between two components, you only really have two pattern choices - higher order components (HoC's) or the "render props" pattern. HoC has several known problems. In other words, I could give you a "try to abstract this" task with classes and you just wouldn't be able to do it with HoC, it had pretty bad limitations. The render props patter was popularized later and it actually fixed all four known issues with HoC's, so a lot of react devs became a fan of this new pattern, but it had new new problems that HoC's never had. I wrote a detailed piece on this a while back gist.github.com/bradwestfall/4fa68... The reason why hooks were created was to bring functional components up to speed with class based components as far as capability (as you mentioned above) but the end goal of that was custom hooks. With a custom hook we get functional composition capabilities and this solves all six issues of Hoc and Render Props problems, although there are still some good reasons to use render props in certain situations (checkout Formik). If you want, checkout Ryan's keynote at the conference where they announced hooks youtube.com/watch?v=wXLf18DsV-I Also, the reason why classes are still around is just because the React team knew it would be a while for companies to migrate their big code bases from classes to hooks so they kept both ways around. Hope it helps someone Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, thanks so much @bradwestfall ! This is a very interesting back-story on classes and function components. I really appreciate the time you took to explain all of this. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide No problem, your article does a nice job comparing strictly from a syntax standpoint, there's just the whole code abstraction part to consider. Honestly, after teaching hooks now for 3 years, I know that hooks syntax can be harder to grasp than the class syntax, but I also know that most developers are willing to take on the more difficult hooks syntax for the tradeoff of having much better abstraction options, that's really the main idea. For real though, checkout Ryan's conference talk, it's fantastic Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eugene Eugene Eugene Follow Pronouns He/him Joined Oct 29, 2021 • Feb 8 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Some people told, the argument to use class components - error boundaries, which don't have function implementation yet. (It's not my opinion, I just recently started to learn react and seeking for useful information here and there) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Follow Full-stack Web Developer, Software engineer Location Morocco Work Full-stack Web Developer Joined Jun 1, 2019 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is a hot topic bro, nice done, otherwise i guess that functional components are cleaner and easy to maintain, so whatever the size of your app, we always look for better and maintainable code, so FC are better than classes any way (React point of view only) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand tanth1993 tanth1993 tanth1993 Follow Joined Jan 5, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide the only thing I like Class Component is that there is a callback in setState . I usually use it when after set loading for the page :) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Follow Web developer, tinkerer, take-aparterer (and, sometimes, put-back-togetherer) Location Melbourne, Australia Work Front End Developer at Art Processors Joined Jul 23, 2019 • Dec 3 '21 • Edited on Dec 3 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The equivalent in functional components is the useEffect hook, which can be setup to run a function when one or more specific dependencies change. There is also a hook called useReducer which gives you the ability to perform complex actions and logic when dependencies change. Very useful for deriving properties from complex state. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Spot on! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 • Edited on Dec 2 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am new dev in react. I am learning class component. Is that okay for me? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide When I started learning React, I saw function components first, and then class components. But I think a better approach will be learning class components first, so then, when you learn function components, you will see why they exists and the advantages they have over the class components. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Monday David S. Monday David S. Monday David S. Follow Email davidsarka242@gmail.com Joined Mar 7, 2021 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Totally agree with you Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 5 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide We need to learn first Class component and then Functional Component Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes, I think you are right. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Follow Joined Jul 24, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You'll need to learn both anyways, it is quite frequent to find projects that mix the two methodologies. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you Jeysson, I think it will help me lot in my react learning Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Follow Software Developer | Content Creator | AI, Tech, Programming Location London, UK Education Bachelor Degree Computer Science Work Software Developer Joined Feb 11, 2020 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice comparison I have completely converted to functional components it would be hard to go back to classes now. When I initially started to learn hooks my thoughts were the reverse. It really is that much better though. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I now have the dilemma of choosing between class or function components at my workplace... I guess that as I gain more experience I will be able to make better decisions. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 1 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide That is awesome @lukeshiru ! Thanks for sharing your experience. I think that what is actually happening is that the app in which I'm working on is rather old, and function components did not exist back then. Taking into account your experience, do you think that using class components have any benefit over the function components? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand sophiegrafe sophiegrafe sophiegrafe Follow Former Barmaid trained to be fullstack dev last year! Working hard to not be that Jake of all trades, master of none 😅 Education Interface3 Joined Mar 30, 2022 • Mar 30 '22 • Edited on Mar 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you very much for this, your article and the discussion that follows were a great help to clarify the subject! I will definitely go with FC but take some time to be more comfortable with the class-based approach in case of need. I have a very little observation to make regarding the way you explained useState affectation "to an array" under "State" in FC section. You wrote: "We need to define an array that will have two main elements[...] We then need to assign the useState hook to that array. [...]" When I see brackets, as a beginner, it automatically triggers the "array" reflex, but brackets on the left side of the assignment operator means destructuring assignment, here array destructuring. As I understand this, we don't assign the useState hook to an array, it's the other way around actually, we are unpacking or extracting values from an array and assigning them to variables. useState return an array of 2 values and DA allows us to avoid this kind of extra lines: const useState = useState ( initialValue ); const stateValue = useState [ 0 ]; const setStateValue = useState [ 1 ]; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html#... for a more complete review of this syntax: javascript.info/destructuring-assi... I found DA very useful in many situations for arrays, strings and objects. Totally worth mentioning, learning and using! Again thank you! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great, thanks for your input! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand echoes2099 echoes2099 echoes2099 Follow Joined Jul 10, 2018 • May 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was under the impression the official stance was that class components were deprecated...as in dont create new code using these. We recently had to ditch a form library that was written with classes. The reason being is because it did not have useEffects that reacted to all changes in state (and I'm not sure if you could write the equivalent useEffect with hooks). So we were seeing bugs where dynamically injected fields could not register themselves. React hooks are OK but i wouldn't go back to a class based approach for new code Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (33 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 More from Damian Demasi The Power of Microtools: How AI and "Vibe Coding" Are Changing the Way We Build # ai # vibecoding # webdev # productivity How to Learn Python Faster and Easier with This Notion Template # python # programming # beginners # learning Learning how to code: with our special guest, Ron # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://survey.stackoverflow.co/2025/ai?utm_source=chatgpt.com#sentiment-and-usage | AI | 2025 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Products Stack Overflow Where developers and technologists go to gain and share knowledge. Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers Advertising Reach devs & technologists worldwide about your product, service or employer brand Knowledge Solutions Data licensing offering for businesses to build and improve AI tools and models Labs The future of collective knowledge sharing About the company Visit the blog Developers Technology AI Work Stack Overflow Methodology 3 AI In this section we gain insight into the real sentiments behind the surge in AI popularity. Is it making a real impact in the way developers work or is it all hype? 3.1. Sentiment and usage → 3.2. Developer tools → 3.3. AI Agents → 3.1 Sentiment and usage AI tools in the development process 84% of respondents are using or planning to use AI tools in their development process, an increase over last year (76%). This year we can see 51% of professional developers use AI tools daily. Do you currently use AI tools in your development process? All Respondents Professional Developers Learning to Code Early Career Devs Mid Career Devs Experienced Devs All Respondents Yes, I use AI tools daily 47.1% Yes, I use AI tools weekly 17.7% Yes, I use AI tools monthly or infrequently 13.7% No, but I plan to soon 5.3% No, and I don't plan to 16.2% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 33,662 ( 68.7% ) Professional Developers Yes, I use AI tools daily 50.6% Yes, I use AI tools weekly 17.4% Yes, I use AI tools monthly or infrequently 12.8% No, but I plan to soon 4.6% No, and I don't plan to 14.7% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 26,004 ( 53% ) Learning to Code Yes, I use AI tools daily 39.5% Yes, I use AI tools weekly 18.7% Yes, I use AI tools monthly or infrequently 15.1% No, but I plan to soon 7.2% No, and I don't plan to 19.5% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 2,843 ( 5.8% ) Early Career Devs Yes, I use AI tools daily 55.5% Yes, I use AI tools weekly 18.1% Yes, I use AI tools monthly or infrequently 11.5% No, but I plan to soon 2.5% No, and I don't plan to 12.3% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 6,360 ( 13% ) Early career defined as 1 - 5 years work experience Mid Career Devs Yes, I use AI tools daily 52.8% Yes, I use AI tools weekly 16.8% Yes, I use AI tools monthly or infrequently 13.5% No, but I plan to soon 3.7% No, and I don't plan to 13.1% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 5,997 ( 12.2% ) Mid career defined as 5 - 10 years work experience Experienced Devs Yes, I use AI tools daily 47.3% Yes, I use AI tools weekly 17.2% Yes, I use AI tools monthly or infrequently 13% No, but I plan to soon 6% No, and I don't plan to 16.5% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 13,001 ( 26.5% ) Experienced dev defined as 10+ years work experience AI tool sentiment Conversely to usage, positive sentiment for AI tools has decreased in 2025: 70%+ in 2023 and 2024 to just 60% this year. Professionals show a higher overall favorable sentiment (61%) than those learning to code (53%). How favorable is your stance on using AI tools as part of your development workflow? All Respondents Professional Developers Learning to Code Early Career Devs Mid Career Devs Experienced Devs All Respondents Very favorable 22.9% Favorable 36.8% Indifferent 17.6% Unsure 2.3% Unfavorable 10.8% Very unfavorable 9.6% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 33,412 ( 68.2% ) Professional Developers Very favorable 23.5% Favorable 37.7% Indifferent 17.4% Unsure 1.8% Unfavorable 10.6% Very unfavorable 9.1% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 25,814 ( 52.7% ) Learning to Code Very favorable 19.3% Favorable 33.5% Indifferent 16.6% Unsure 4.3% Unfavorable 13.6% Very unfavorable 12.7% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 2,812 ( 5.7% ) Early Career Devs Very favorable 22.8% Favorable 40.3% Indifferent 17% Unsure 1.3% Unfavorable 10.3% Very unfavorable 8.3% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 6,293 ( 12.8% ) Early career defined as 1 - 5 years work experience Mid Career Devs Very favorable 23.8% Favorable 38.9% Indifferent 16.2% Unsure 1.5% Unfavorable 11% Very unfavorable 8.6% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 5,957 ( 12.2% ) Mid career defined as 5 - 10 years work experience Experienced Devs Very favorable 23.9% Favorable 36% Indifferent 18.1% Unsure 2.1% Unfavorable 10.3% Very unfavorable 9.5% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 12,941 ( 26.4% ) Experienced devs defined as 10+ years work experience 3.2 Developer tools Accuracy of AI tools More developers actively distrust the accuracy of AI tools (46%) than trust it (33%), and only a fraction (3%) report "highly trusting" the output. Experienced developers are the most cautious, with the lowest "highly trust" rate (2.6%) and the highest "highly distrust" rate (20%), indicating a widespread need for human verification for those in roles with accountability. How much do you trust the accuracy of the output from AI tools as part of your development workflow? All Respondents Professional Developers Learning to Code Early Career Devs Mid Career Devs Experienced Devs All Respondents Highly trust 3.1% Somewhat trust 29.6% Somewhat distrust 26.1% Highly distrust 19.6% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 33,244 ( 67.8% ) Professional Developers Highly trust 2.7% Somewhat trust 29.6% Somewhat distrust 26.3% Highly distrust 19.7% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 25,701 ( 52.4% ) Learning to Code Highly trust 6.1% Somewhat trust 31.3% Somewhat distrust 24.2% Highly distrust 19.7% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 2,781 ( 5.7% ) Early Career Devs Highly trust 3% Somewhat trust 31.1% Somewhat distrust 25.7% Highly distrust 17.5% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 6,254 ( 12.8% ) Early career defined as 1 - 5 years work experience Mid Career Devs Highly trust 2.8% Somewhat trust 30.3% Somewhat distrust 26.1% Highly distrust 19.7% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 5,931 ( 12.1% ) Mid career defined as 5 - 10 years work experience Experienced Devs Highly trust 2.5% Somewhat trust 28.6% Somewhat distrust 26.7% Highly distrust 20.7% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 12,908 ( 26.3% ) Experienced devs defined as 10+ years work experience AI tools' ability to handle complex tasks In 2024, 35% of professional developers already believed that AI tools struggled with complex tasks. This year, that number has dropped to 29% among professional developers and is consistent amongst experience levels. Complex tasks carry too much risk to spend extra time proving out the efficacy of AI tools. How well do the AI tools you use in your development workflow handle complex tasks? All Respondents Professional Developers Learning to Code Early Career Devs Mid Career Devs Experienced Devs All Respondents Very well at handling complex tasks 4.4% Good, but not great at handling complex tasks 25.2% Neither good or bad at handling complex tasks 14.1% Bad at handling complex tasks 22% Very poor at handling complex tasks 17.6% I don't use AI tools for complex tasks / I don't know 16.8% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 33,230 ( 67.8% ) Professional Developers Very well at handling complex tasks 3.9% Good, but not great at handling complex tasks 25.2% Neither good or bad at handling complex tasks 14.2% Bad at handling complex tasks 22.8% Very poor at handling complex tasks 18.6% I don't use AI tools for complex tasks / I don't know 15.3% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 25,695 ( 52.4% ) Learning to Code Very well at handling complex tasks 7.9% Good, but not great at handling complex tasks 25.8% Neither good or bad at handling complex tasks 12.4% Bad at handling complex tasks 19% Very poor at handling complex tasks 16.3% I don't use AI tools for complex tasks / I don't know 18.6% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 2,779 ( 5.7% ) Early Career Devs Very well at handling complex tasks 4% Good, but not great at handling complex tasks 28.1% Neither good or bad at handling complex tasks 13.4% Bad at handling complex tasks 23.6% Very poor at handling complex tasks 19.2% I don't use AI tools for complex tasks / I don't know 11.7% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 6,258 ( 12.8% ) Early career defined as 1 - 5 years work experience Mid Career Devs Very well at handling complex tasks 4% Good, but not great at handling complex tasks 25.4% Neither good or bad at handling complex tasks 13.8% Bad at handling complex tasks 23.9% Very poor at handling complex tasks 19.5% I don't use AI tools for complex tasks / I don't know 13.4% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 5,922 ( 12.1% ) Mid career defined as 5 - 10 years work experience Experienced Devs Very well at handling complex tasks 3.6% Good, but not great at handling complex tasks 23.5% Neither good or bad at handling complex tasks 14.9% Bad at handling complex tasks 22.1% Very poor at handling complex tasks 17.9% I don't use AI tools for complex tasks / I don't know 18% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 12,901 ( 26.3% ) Experienced dev career defined as 10+ years work experience AI in the development workflow Developers show the most resistance to using AI for high-responsibility, systemic tasks like Deployment and monitoring (76% don't plan to) and Project planning (69% don't plan to). Which parts of your development workflow are you currently integrating into AI or using AI tools to accomplish or plan to use AI to accomplish over the next 3 - 5 years? Please select one for each scenario. Currently Mostly AI Currently Partially AI Plan to Partially Use AI Plan to Mostly Use AI Don't Plan to Use AI for This Task Currently Mostly AI Search for answers 54.1% Generating content or synthetic data 35.8% Learning new concepts or technologies 33.1% Documenting code 30.8% Creating or maintaining documentation 24.8% Learning about a codebase 20.8% Debugging or fixing code 20.7% Testing code 17.9% Writing code 16.9% Predictive analytics 11% Project planning 10.8% Committing and reviewing code 10.2% Deployment and monitoring 6.2% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 11,202 ( 22.9% ) Currently Partially AI Search for answers 55.8% Generating content or synthetic data 28.6% Learning new concepts or technologies 47.4% Documenting code 30.3% Creating or maintaining documentation 27.3% Learning about a codebase 32.7% Debugging or fixing code 47.1% Testing code 27.5% Writing code 59% Predictive analytics 12.7% Project planning 17.1% Committing and reviewing code 22.6% Deployment and monitoring 10.5% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 20,991 ( 42.8% ) Plan to Partially Use AI Search for answers 24% Generating content or synthetic data 28% Learning new concepts or technologies 27.9% Documenting code 30.5% Creating or maintaining documentation 32.5% Learning about a codebase 34.9% Debugging or fixing code 30.9% Testing code 34.7% Writing code 32.4% Predictive analytics 25% Project planning 24.8% Committing and reviewing code 31.4% Deployment and monitoring 25% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 22,518 ( 45.9% ) Plan to Mostly Use AI Search for answers 17.2% Generating content or synthetic data 28.9% Learning new concepts or technologies 15.7% Documenting code 28.6% Creating or maintaining documentation 31.8% Learning about a codebase 23.1% Debugging or fixing code 14.8% Testing code 25.8% Writing code 12.4% Predictive analytics 23% Project planning 14.3% Committing and reviewing code 16.3% Deployment and monitoring 15.1% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 12,790 ( 26.1% ) Don't Plan to Use AI for This Task Search for answers 19.6% Generating content or synthetic data 38.2% Learning new concepts or technologies 32.3% Documenting code 38.5% Creating or maintaining documentation 39.6% Learning about a codebase 39.4% Debugging or fixing code 36.4% Testing code 44.1% Writing code 28.9% Predictive analytics 65.6% Project planning 69.2% Committing and reviewing code 58.7% Deployment and monitoring 75.8% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 25,349 ( 51.7% ) AI workflow and tool satisfaction Respondents who said they are currently using mostly AI tools to complete tasks in the development workflow are highly satisfied with and frequently using AI to search for answers or learn new concepts; respondents plan to mostly use AI in the future for documentation and testing tasks and are slightly less satisfied with the tools they are using now. How favorable is your stance on using AI tools as part of your development workflow and which parts of your development workflow are you currently integrating into AI or using AI tools to accomplish or plan to use AI to accomplish over the next 3 - 5 years? Please select one for each scenario. Currently mostly AI Currently partially AI Plan to partially use AI Plan to mostly use AI Don't plan to use AI for this task Currently mostly AI Number of responses 6,053 685 Average AI Sentiment Recoded (1 - Very Unfavorable to 6 - Very Favorable) Percent of respondents 5.25 5.3 5.35 5.4 5.45 5.5 5.55 5.6 5.65 % 5 % 10 % 15 % 20 % 25 % 30 % 35 % 40 % 45 % 50 % 55 Commit/Review Docs Debug/fix Ops Documenting code Content/Data Leaning codebase Learning tech Predictive analytics Project planning Answers Testing code Writing code Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 11,184 ( 22.8% ) Currently partially AI Number of responses 12,382 2,194 Average AI Sentiment Recoded (1 - Very Unfavorable to 6 - Very Favorable) Percent of respondents 4.7 4.75 4.8 4.85 4.9 4.95 5 5.05 5.1 5.15 5.2 5.25 % 10 % 15 % 20 % 25 % 30 % 35 % 40 % 45 % 50 % 55 % 60 Commit/Review Docs Debug/fix Ops Documenting code Content/Data Leaning codebase Learning tech Predictive analytics Project planning Answers Testing code Writing code Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 20,980 ( 42.8% ) Plan to partially use AI Number of responses 7,858 5,400 Average AI Sentiment Recoded (1 - Very Unfavorable to 6 - Very Favorable) Percent of respondents 3.7 3.8 3.9 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 % 24 % 25 % 26 % 27 % 28 % 29 % 30 % 31 % 32 % 33 % 34 % 35 Commit/Review Docs Debug/fix Ops Documenting code Content/Data Leaning codebase Learning tech Predictive analytics Project planning Answers Testing code Writing code Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 22,500 ( 45.9% ) Plan to mostly use AI Number of responses 4,056 1,588 Average AI Sentiment Recoded (1 - Very Unfavorable to 6 - Very Favorable) Percent of respondents 4.6 4.65 4.7 4.75 4.8 4.85 4.9 4.95 5 5.05 5.1 5.15 5.2 % 12 % 14 % 16 % 18 % 20 % 22 % 24 % 26 % 28 % 30 % 32 Commit/Review Docs Debug/fix Ops Documenting code Content/Data Leaning codebase Learning tech Predictive analytics Project planning Answers Testing code Writing code Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 12,777 ( 26.1% ) Don't plan to use AI for this task Number of responses 19,211 4,953 Average AI Sentiment Recoded (1 - Very Unfavorable to 6 - Very Favorable) Percent of respondents 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 % 20 % 25 % 30 % 35 % 40 % 45 % 50 % 55 % 60 % 65 % 70 % 75 % 80 Commit/Review Docs Debug/fix Ops Documenting code Content/Data Leaning codebase Learning tech Predictive analytics Project planning Answers Testing code Writing code Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 25,332 ( 51.7% ) AI tool frustrations The biggest single frustration, cited by 66% of developers, is dealing with "AI solutions that are almost right, but not quite," which often leads to the second-biggest frustration: "Debugging AI-generated code is more time-consuming" (45%) When using AI tools, which of the following problems or frustrations have you encountered? Select all that apply. All Respondents AI solutions that are almost right, but not quite 66% Debugging AI-generated code is more time-consuming 45.2% I don’t use AI tools regularly 23.5% I’ve become less confident in my own problem-solving 20% It’s hard to understand how or why the code works 16.3% Other (write in): 11.6% I haven’t encountered any problems 4% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 31,476 ( 64.2% ) AI and humans in the future In a future with advanced AI, the #1 reason developers would still ask a person for help is "When I don’t trust AI’s answers" (75%). This positions human developers as the ultimate arbiters of quality and correctness. In the future, if AI can do most coding tasks, in which situations would you still want to ask another person for help? Select all that apply. All Respondents When I don’t trust AI’s answers 75.3% When I have ethical or security concerns about code 61.7% When I want to fully understand something 61.3% When I want to learn best practices 58.1% When I’m stuck and can’t explain the problem 54.6% When I need help fixing complex or unfamiliar code 49.8% When I want to compare different solutions 44.1% When I need quick help troubleshooting 27.5% Other 6.1% I don’t think I’ll need help from people anymore 4.3% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 29,163 ( 59.5% ) Vibe coding Most respondents are not vibe coding (72%), and an additional 5% are emphatic it not being part of their development workflow. In your own words, is "vibe coding" part of your professional development work? For this question, we define vibe coding according to the Wikipedia definition , the process of generating software from LLM prompts. All Respondents 18-24 years old 25-34 years old 35-44 years old 45-54 years old 55-64 years old All Respondents Yes, emphatically 0.4% Yes 11.9% Yes, somewhat 2.8% I have tried it 2.1% Not sure 1.2% No 72.2% No, emphatically 5.3% Uncategorized 4% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 26,564 ( 54.2% ) 18-24 years old Yes, emphatically 0.3% Yes 11.6% Yes, somewhat 3.2% I have tried it 2.4% Not sure 1.2% No 72.8% No, emphatically 5.1% Uncategorized 3.4% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 4,212 ( 8.6% ) 25-34 years old Yes, emphatically 0.4% Yes 11.8% Yes, somewhat 3.2% I have tried it 1.6% Not sure 1.3% No 72.3% No, emphatically 5.7% Uncategorized 3.6% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 8,526 ( 17.4% ) 35-44 years old Yes, emphatically 0.5% Yes 12% Yes, somewhat 2.8% I have tried it 2.2% Not sure 1.1% No 72% No, emphatically 5.4% Uncategorized 4.1% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 7,607 ( 15.5% ) 45-54 years old Yes, emphatically 0.5% Yes 12.7% Yes, somewhat 2.5% I have tried it 1.9% Not sure 1.3% No 71.3% No, emphatically 5.2% Uncategorized 4.5% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 3,838 ( 7.8% ) 55-64 years old Yes, emphatically 0.8% Yes 11.4% Yes, somewhat 2% I have tried it 3.1% Not sure 1.5% No 71.3% No, emphatically 4.6% Uncategorized 5.4% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 1,657 ( 3.4% ) 3.3 AI Agents AI agents AI agents are not yet mainstream. A majority of developers (52%) either don't use agents or stick to simpler AI tools, and a significant portion (38%) have no plans to adopt them. Are you using AI agents in your work (development or otherwise)? AI agents refer to autonomous software entities that can operate with minimal to no direct human intervention using artificial intelligence techniques. All Respondents Professional Developers Learning to Code Professional AI Users Learning AI Users All Respondents Yes, I use AI agents at work daily 14.1% Yes, I use AI agents at work weekly 9% Yes, I use AI agents at work monthly or infrequently 7.8% No, but I plan to 17.4% No, I use AI exclusively in copilot/autocomplete mode 13.8% No, and I don't plan to 37.9% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 31,877 ( 65% ) Professional Developers Yes, I use AI agents at work daily 14.9% Yes, I use AI agents at work weekly 9.2% Yes, I use AI agents at work monthly or infrequently 7.7% No, but I plan to 17.2% No, I use AI exclusively in copilot/autocomplete mode 14.2% No, and I don't plan to 36.7% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 24,752 ( 50.5% ) Learning to Code Yes, I use AI agents at work daily 13.2% Yes, I use AI agents at work weekly 7.8% Yes, I use AI agents at work monthly or infrequently 7.4% No, but I plan to 15.6% No, I use AI exclusively in copilot/autocomplete mode 12.1% No, and I don't plan to 44.1% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 2,610 ( 5.3% ) Professional AI Users Yes, I use AI agents at work daily 17.5% Yes, I use AI agents at work weekly 10.8% Yes, I use AI agents at work monthly or infrequently 8.9% No, but I plan to 18.6% No, I use AI exclusively in copilot/autocomplete mode 16.3% No, and I don't plan to 27.8% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 20,892 ( 42.6% ) Learning AI Users Yes, I use AI agents at work daily 16.5% Yes, I use AI agents at work weekly 9.6% Yes, I use AI agents at work monthly or infrequently 8.7% No, but I plan to 16.9% No, I use AI exclusively in copilot/autocomplete mode 14.7% No, and I don't plan to 33.6% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 2,019 ( 4.1% ) AI agents affect on work productivity 52% of developers agree that AI tools and/or AI agents have had a positive effect on their productivity. Have AI tools or AI agents changed how you complete development work in the past year? All Respondents Yes, to a great extent 16.3% Yes, somewhat 35.3% Not at all or minimally 41.4% No, but my development work has significantly changed due to non-AI factors 2.6% No, but my development work has changed somewhat due to non-AI factors 4.5% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 31,636 ( 64.5% ) AI agent uses at work If you happen to be using AI agents at work and you are a software developer, chances are high that you are using agents for software development (84%). What industry purposes or specific tasks are you using AI agents in your development work? Select all that apply from both lists. Industry Purpose Software engineering 83.5% Data and analytics 24.9% IT operations 18% Business process automation 17.6% Decision intelligence 11.3% Customer service support 11.2% Marketing 8.6% Cybersecurity 7.4% Robotics 3.9% Other 2.2% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 12,301 ( 25.1% ) AI agent uses for general purposes TL;DR: Agents used outside of work are mostly used for language processing tasks (49%). What industry purposes or specific tasks are you using AI agents in your development work? Select all that apply from both lists. General Purpose Language processing 49% Integration with external agents and APIs 38.3% MCP servers 34.4% Agent/multi-agent orchestration 28.1% Vector databases for AI applications 24.1% Multi-platform search enablement 19.4% Personalized agent creation 18.3% Other 3% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 5,797 ( 11.8% ) Impacts of AI agents The most recognized impacts are personal efficiency gains, and not team-wide impact. Approximately 70% of agent users agree that agents have reduced the time spent on specific development tasks, and 69% agree they have increased productivity. Only 17% of users agree that agents have improved collaboration within their team, making it the lowest-rated impact by a wide margin. To what extent do you agree with the following statements regarding the impact of AI agents on your work as a developer? All Respondents 27.3% 35.9% 21.3% 8.2% 7.3% AI agents have accelerated my learning about new technologies or codebases. 29.3% 34.9% 22.4% 7% 6.4% AI agents have helped me automate repetitive tasks. 17.1% 31.9% 25.3% 14.2% 11.5% AI agents have helped me solve complex problems more effectively. 6.6% 10.7% 40.5% 20% 22.2% AI agents have improved collaboration within my team. 12.2% 25.3% 32.4% 17.1% 13.1% AI agents have improved the quality of my code. 27.7% 41% 20.4% 6% 4.9% AI agents have increased my productivity. 29.3% 40.8% 17.8% 6.9% 5.1% AI agents have reduced the time spent on specific development tasks. Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neutral Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 12,823 ( 26.2% ) Challenges with AI agents Is it a learning curve, or is the tech not there yet? 87% of all respondents agree they are concerned about the accuracy, and 81% agree they have concerns about the security and privacy of data. To what extent do you agree with the following statements regarding AI agents? All Respondents 57.1% 29.8% 9.7% 2.3% 1.1% I am concerned about the accuracy of the information provided by AI agents. 56.1% 25.3% 11.7% 4.7% 2.2% I have concerns about the security and privacy of data when using AI agents. 16.5% 29.7% 37.3% 12.6% 3.9% Integrating AI agents with my existing tools and workflows can be difficult. 15.5% 27.9% 31.8% 17.8% 6.9% It takes significant time and effort to learn how to use AI agents effectively. 13.8% 14.4% 30.6% 15% 26.2% My company's IT and/or InfoSec teams have strict rules that do not allow me to use AI agent tools or platforms 25.4% 27.9% 31.8% 10.3% 4.6% The cost of using certain AI agent platforms is a barrier. Strongly agree Somewhat agree Neutral Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 28,930 ( 59% ) AI Agent data storage tools When it comes to data management for agents, traditional, developer-friendly tools like Redis (43%) are being repurposed for AI, alongside emerging vector-native databases like ChromaDB (20%) and pgvector (18%). You indicated you use or develop AI agents as part of your development work. Have you used any of the following tools for AI agent memory or data management in the past year? All Respondents Redis 42.9% GitHub MCP Server 42.8% supabase 20.9% ChromaDB 19.7% pgvector 17.9% Neo4j 12.3% Pinecone 11.2% Qdrant 8.2% Milvus 5.2% Fireproof 5% LangMem 4.8% Weaviate 4.5% LanceDB 4.4% mem0 4% Zep 2.8% Letta 2.5% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 3,398 ( 6.9% ) AI Agent orchestration tools The agent orchestration space is currently led by open-source tools. Among developers building agents, Ollama (51%) and LangChain (33%) are the most-used frameworks. You indicated you use or develop AI agents as part of your development work. Have you used any of the following tools for AI agent orchestration or agent frameworks in the past year? All Respondents Ollama 51.1% LangChain 32.9% LangGraph 16.2% Vertex AI 15.1% Amazon Bedrock Agents 14.5% OpenRouter 13.4% Llama Index 13.3% AutoGen (Microsoft) 12% Zapier 11.8% CrewAI 7.5% Semantic Kernel 6% IBM watsonx.ai 5.7% Haystack 4.4% Smolagents 3.7% Agno 3.4% phidata 2.1% Smol-AGI 1.9% Martian 1.7% lyzr 1.5% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 3,758 ( 7.7% ) AI Agent observability and security Developers are primarily adapting their existing, traditional monitoring tools for this new task, rather than adopting new, AI-native solutions. The most used tools for AI agent observability are staples of the DevOps and application monitoring world: Grafana + Prometheus are used by 43% of agent developers, and Sentry is used by 32%. You indicated you use or develop AI agents as part of your development work. Have you used any of the following tools for AI agent observability, monitoring or security in the past year? All Respondents Grafana + Prometheus 43% Sentry 31.8% Snyk 18.2% New Relic 13% LangSmith 12.5% Honeycomb 8.8% Langfuse 8.8% Wiz 6.9% Galileo 6.2% Adversarial Robustness Toolbox (ART) 5.5% Protect AI 5% Vectra AI 4.4% arize 3.7% helicone 3.2% Metero 2.7% opik 2.3% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 2,689 ( 5.5% ) AI Agent out-of-the-box tools ChatGPT (82%) and GitHub Copilot (68%) are the clear market leaders, serving as the primary entry point for most developers using out-of-the-box AI assistance. You indicated you use or develop AI agents as part of your development work. Have you used any of the following out-of-the-box agents, copilots or assistants? All Respondents ChatGPT 81.7% GitHub Copilot 67.9% Google Gemini 47.4% Claude Code 40.8% Microsoft Copilot 31.3% Perplexity 16.2% v0.dev 9.1% Bolt.new 6.5% Lovable.dev 5.7% AgentGPT 5% Tabnine 5% Replit 5% Auto-GPT 4.7% Amazon Codewhisperer 3.9% Blackbox AI 3.5% Roo code (Roo-Cline) 3.4% Cody 3% Devin AI 2.7% Glean (Enterprise Agents) 1.3% OpenHands (formerly OpenDevin) 1% Download I acknowledge that the downloaded file is licensed under the Open Database License Download chart Share Twitter/X Facebook LinkedIn Responses: 8,323 ( 17% ) Previous Technology Next Work Site design / logo © 2025 Stack Exchange Inc. User contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Data licensed under Open Database License (ODbL). Terms Privacy policy Cookie policy Your Privacy Choices Go to stackoverflow.com | 2026-01-13T08:48:17 |
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