hash stringlengths 32 32 | doc_id stringlengths 7 13 | section stringlengths 3 121 | content stringlengths 0 2.2M |
|---|---|---|---|
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 4.3 Issues faced by data centres | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 4.3.1 General | Clause 4.3 reviews the situation in existing data centres and the issues that all enterprises, including network operators, are facing now or will face in the near future. There are several types of data centre, from main strategic buildings, running enterprise, "mission critical" applications, for which maximum securi... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 4.3.2 Current issues | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 4.3.2.1 Overview | The information in table 5 summarizes the results obtained from an internal benchmarking exercise undertaken by the enterprise members of Club des Responsables d’Infrastructure et de Production (CRIP). NOTE: CRIP is a French organization representing major companies such as in the banking, telecommunications, insurance... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 4.3.2.2 Principle issues | An unsatisfactory situation exists in legacy data centres as a result of historical policies for the provision of servers, often with each application having its own dedicated physical server, sometimes as a result of running older operating systems not allowing virtualization features. As a result, these servers may h... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 4.3.2.3 Operator data centres | Historically, network data centres have often migrated into existing operator sites which are typically located in urban areas. The primary power supply to these locations was often not designed for the high levels of energy usage required by the technology now employed. These buildings and their infrastructure were de... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 4.3.3 Evolution and future trends | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 4.3.3.1 Power and cooling demands of IT equipment | The technology road-maps of the main IT equipment (servers and/or storage) vendors road-maps show that predicted power consumption values (in terms of kW/m2) are not aligned with the capabilities of the majority of computer rooms within data centre facilities (both in terms of power provisioning and cooling capacity). ... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 4.3.3.2 New projects | Some projects or services, especially in the telecommunications and Internet Service Provider (ISP) world, need huge computing power, linked to the natural growth of their activities or global consolidation initiatives. Additionally, new services (VOD, VOIP, TV ADSL, etc.), electronic exchanges with customers (B2C), su... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 4.3.3.3 Data centre consolidation programmes | A recent trend is the consolidation of the existing data centres of major organizations within fewer, major "Critical Data Centres". This has a potential impact on energy costs since "Critical Data Centres" are usually constructed at the Tier 3+ or Tier 4 level. However it is possible to have some areas or computer roo... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 4.3.3.4 Environmental impacts | Regulations frequently require a prolonged case-by-case study by authorities which can introduce significant delays to the planning process. These constraints make it very difficult if not impossible to implement projects for the expansion of an existing data centre in towns which would increase heat dissipation or hav... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 4.4 The new context | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 4.4.1 Energy consumption and energy efficiency | The model "one application, one physical architecture", each with its own servers, storage, is becoming obsolete and is being replaced by a new model based on shared IT components and mutualisation of technical infrastructure. In the near future, the data centre will be a true "production factory", with automation and ... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 4.4.2 Factors impacting energy efficiency | The factors shown in table 6 contribute to poor energy efficiency and, consequently, high energy consumption. Table 6: Principle factors leading to poor energy efficiency Power distribution systems Power distribution units and/or transformers operating well below their full load capacities. N+1 or 2N redundant designs,... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 4.4.3 On-going initiatives | Many organizations have introduced initiatives in response to the principle concerns identified within clause 4.3.2.2. These cover the following areas: • IT infrastructure (discussed in detail in clause 6); - consolidation of their existing assets to decrease the number of physical components in computer rooms comprisi... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 5 Energy efficiency standards and metrics | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 5.1 Review of activities outside ETSI | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 5.1.1 EU Code of Conduct on Data Centres Energy Efficiency | The European Union Code of Conduct [4] provides the opportunity for operators of data centres to implement practices intended to reduce the energy consumption of their data centres. Details of the energy efficiency best practices [5] that are employed are detailed together with actual recorded energy consumption measur... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 5.2 Energy consumption in data centres | Of the total energy used in a data centre, the principal areas of consumption, shown schematically in figure 5, are: • power distribution to information technology equipment and network telecommunications equipment in the computer room; • environmental control (for example, cooling and humidity) applied to the computer... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 5.3 Energy Efficiency Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) | 5.3.1 Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) or Data Centre Infrastructure Efficiency (DCIE) |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 5.3.1.1 General | With reference to figure 5, PUE is defined as 100/(W - E1 - E2). ETSI ETSI TS 105 174-2-2 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 22 The European Union Code of Conduct [4] recognizes the DCIE (the inverse of the PUE expressed as a percentage as shown in table 7. Table 7: PUE and DCIE conversion PUE DCIE 4,0 25 % 3,0 33,3 % 2,5 40 % 2,2 45 % ... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 5.3.1.2 PUE for new data centres | For a data centre under construction, the KPIs of PUE (or DCIE) are appropriate (see clause 12.2). A data centre under construction can be designed to have a specified PUE (or DCIE) and following construction the actual PUE (or DCIE) can be monitored against the design value. However, it should be recognized that any r... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 5.3.1.3 PUE in existing data centres | There is little opportunity within existing buildings to reduce energy consumption by modifications to building structures or to make substantial changes to the environmental control systems without incurring significant costs and operational disruption. Small improvements may achieved by limited changes to environment... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 5.3.2 Other KPIs | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 5.3.2.1 Energy efficiency KPI | A number of these KPIs exist including: • electrical power/space-floor ratio expressed in kW/m2; typically, this KPI is used for legacy data centres and/or low density areas in computer rooms; • the ratio of total energy consumption / total computational load; • computing power/electrical power expressed as TPM-C/kW; t... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 5.3.2.2 Consolidation KPI | A number of KPIs exist for IT infrastructure consolidation including: • number of physical servers; • number of virtual servers; • virtualization ratio; • number of deployed operating system images (logical servers) - one physical server can contain several logical servers: this KPI is a principal measure of logical co... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 5.3.2.3 Data collection | The production of the KPIs in clause 5.3.2.2 requires the collection and aggregation of a wide range of data as shown in table 9. Table 9: Date required for the production of consolidation KPIs Vendors characteristics of all equipment in the data centre Vendor Model, type Number of CPU , cores Computational power Elect... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6 Increasing the energy efficiency of IT infrastructures | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.1 General | Indications of the impact of some of the actions in this domain of energy efficiency are shown in annex A. |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.2 3 Tier Software Architecture Model | Figure 7 shows the 3 tier software architecture model adopted in data centre environments. This clause makes reference to the Tiers of this model - and these tiers should not be confused with those discussed in clause 4. ETSI ETSI TS 105 174-2-2 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 26 Figure 7: Typical architecture of 3 Tier model applica... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3 Energy efficiency solutions | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.1 Obsolete equipment | This involves the identification, turning-off and removal of all equipment without any activity such as old servers, modems and routers. This typically represents a small percentage of the installed equipment (possibly 5 %) but decommissioning of this equipment provides an immediate reduction in energy consumption with... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.2 Replacement equipment | This involves the replacement of existing equipment from previous generations of technology with the most recent, more energy efficient IT equipment. The choice of server equipment should be directed by their ability to run virtualized operating systems. Blade server farms offer an excellent ratio of power consumption ... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.3 Power and capacity management | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.3.1 General | There are two separate rapid routes by which reductions of power consumption may be achieved by providing more efficient usage of existing resources within existing IT infrastructures without the need for changes to hardware. The routes are described as: • power management (see clause 6.3.3.2); • processing capacity ma... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.3.2 Power management | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.3.2.1 Activation of basic power management features | This involves the activation of any power management features within existing equipment. The application of dynamic allocation of equipment resources (see clause 6.3.3.3.5) provides additional beneficial effects on power management. ETSI ETSI TS 105 174-2-2 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 27 |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.3.2.2 Activation of "sleep" mode | This involves the activation of sleep mode ( that is not a system shut-down of the equipment) during periods without application activity during certain periods during days, weeks or months and can be applied to a variety of equipment depending upon it role within the 3 tier software architecture model of clause 6.2. I... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.3.2.3 Reduction of energy consumption of environmental control equipment | It may also be possible to reduce the energy consumption for environmental control but the level of savings is depends upon the type of cooling employed. If it is not possible to dynamically adjust the cooling air-rate, any savings would be insignificant. However, if the cooling air-rate can be adjusted dynamically the... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.3.3 Capacity management | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.3.3.1 General | Capacity management is the ongoing, operational, process of estimation and allocation of space, environmental needs, computer hardware, software and connection infrastructure resources to reflect the dynamic nature of data centre users or interactions. As shown in figure 9, capacity management addresses the following: ... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.3.3.2 Environmental capacity management | This requires the measurement and subsequent management of electrical, cooling and space needs. In many cases this information is obtained manually, directly by the data centre personnel. However, the best method is to apply software solutions. |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.3.3.3 Storage | This involves the use of shared data storage, active data compression and data de-duplication in order to maximize the utilization of storage capacity. The implementation of thin provisioning for storage, allowing the right disk-space is critical to the management of storage capacity. |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.3.3.4 Servers | This involves the use of existing equipment when additional server capacity is required. This approach is a step towards the consolidation initiatives of clause 6.3.4. |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.3.3.5 On-demand scalability for on-line business | This requires the implementation of pre-packaged virtual environments, including all logical components necessary to run the application, and a "utility computing" tool to distribute them across the infrastructure taking account of, for example, the number of connections to the service (that is one new server provision... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.4 Consolidation initiatives | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.4.1 Consolidation of servers | The consolidation of processing within existing servers is the best way toward reduce energy costs for given level of service. The result of consolidation is a reduction in the number of servers which has a direct impact on the IT infrastructure power requirements which has a corresponding effect on reductions in requi... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.4.2 Physical consolidation | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.4.2.1 The process | Physical consolidation involves the gathering of stand-alone hardware within a physically more powerful container, as shown in figure 10 and can be achieved without using virtualization if the server technology allows partitioning features. Figure 10: Physical consolidation - Virtualization |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.4.2.2 The effects | A physical consolidation programme has the following effects: • reduction in the number of physical components (servers, storage arrays, robotics); • savings on floor space, maintenance costs, cooling and power; • Capex for new hardware. |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.4.3 Virtualization | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.4.3.1 The process | Virtualization is a method of physical consolidation and has to be implemented made on new generation servers and is a pre-requisite for a shared infrastructure policy. Physical consolidation has no effect on the number of "logical" servers (that is reducing the number of hardware has no effect on the number of Operati... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.4.3.2 The effects | Under certain conditions, virtualization can deliver energy reductions of 80 % on a selected set of servers. |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.4.3.3 Reduction of energy consumption of IT infrastructure | Table 12 provides a methodology to evaluate energy savings for a virtualized panel of servers. Other indirect savings could be also evaluated if the virtualization affects the cooling requirements in the computer room. In majority of cases, virtualization will not have a positive effect on the PUE of the data centre, b... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.4.3.4 Reduction of energy consumption of environmental control equipment | See clause 6.3.4.3.4. |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.4.4 Logical consolidation | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.4.4.1 The process | Logical consolidation aims to decrease the number of logical servers (operating system images) as shown in figure 12 and so make some savings on licence fees in addition to the number of physical servers. ETSI ETSI TS 105 174-2-2 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 32 Figure 12: Logical consolidation This is recommended for existing serv... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.4.4.2 The effects | • increased computational load of existing servers; • reduction in the number of logical servers (OS instances) by strong sharing policy reducing software and maintenance fees; • improved physical consolidation score, means less servers, and all related effects such as energy, cooling, etc. • medium effect on global IT... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.4.5 Application consolidation | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.4.5.1 General | This is the highest level of consolidation initiatives. It addresses the problem, not from the infrastructure layer, but from the business-process layer. As shown in figure 13 it is a "top down" approach, in opposition with the "bottom-up" approach of physical or logical consolidation. This is not the easiest way, but ... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.4.5.2 The process | There are several ways to undertake application consolidation, but in all cases, the process has to be led by business owners and developers. ETSI ETSI TS 105 174-2-2 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 33 Figure 13: "Top Down" approach for application consolidation In the majority of cases, application consolidation is not driven only b... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 6.3.4.5.3 The effects | • Build business process-oriented or service-oriented dedicated infrastructures, integrating scalability, availability, agility, etc. • Can be made by consolidation of applications from the same vendor, from the same business owner or the same process on one dedicated infrastructure. • Boost physical and logical consol... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.1 General | This clause describes the approaches that may be employed to reduce the energy demand of environmental control systems within the data centre which typically represents 35 - 40 % of total energy consumption in an Uptime Institute Tier 3 data centre. Some of the approaches are applicable to legacy data centres while oth... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2 Energy reduction solutions | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.1 Measurement of thermal behaviour | In order to enable reductions in energy usage it is important to determine the thermal patterns within the data centre by using available thermal measurement software tools. These may be deployed without significant Capex since the costs are restricted to the fees for the software and the Opex for the installation and ... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.2 Improvement of cooling efficiency | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.2.1 Zonal approaches to thermal isolation | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.2.1.1 General | The actual design in most of legacy data centres is that the Computer Room Air Conditioning (CRAC) units force cold air under a raised floor, into the cabinets, and draw up hot air coming from the top of the cabinets. However, if the hot air and cold air become mixed, bad aeraulic management results producing hot spots... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.2.1.2 Hot aisle and cold aisle segregation | This approach creates areas within the data centre that are designed as dedicated "hot aisles" and "cold aisles". Rows of cabinets are created in which the front of the cabinets face each other (cold aisles) and in the adjacent row, the rear of cabinets face each other (hot aisles). This segregation is shown in figure ... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.2.1.3 Cold aisle covers | An improvement of the "hot aisle, cold aisle" concept is provided by placing covers over the cold aisles as shown in figure 15. This approach reduces the loss of cold air losses and is able to demonstrate a rapid reduction in energy usage. Figure 14: "Segregation of hot aisles and cold aisles ETSI ETSI TS 105 174-2-2 V... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.2.1.4 Segregation using curtains | A low cost, simple and rapidly deployable solution to problems of air-flow employs plastic curtains hanging from the ceiling of the computer room to isolate hot areas from cold areas as shown in figure 16. This approach has the advantage that there is no impact on the installed infrastructure associated with fire detec... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.2.1.5 High density areas | Vendors are predicting trends for equipment with significantly increased the energy consumption density (kW/m2). This is an issue for many of legacy data centres that are not designed to provide such high levels of cooling. As an example, how could a computer room built with an average ratio of 0,7 kW/m2 be adapted to ... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.2.2 Reduction of thermal waste in cabinets/racks | Any potential improvements in energy usage offered the approaches detailed in clause 7.2.2.1 by the approaches of may be impacted by the failure of installers and maintainers to fit/re-fit "blanking panels" in the front and rear of the racks within cabinets when equipment is not installed or has been removed - which cr... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.3 Modification of temperature and humidity | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.3.1 General | Increasing the temperature and adjusting humidity levels in computer rooms without violating vendors' specifications enables substantial reductions in energy usage associated with environmental control without significant Capex. The level of reduction depends upon some basic factors such as the size of the room, occupa... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.3.2 Results of experimentation | The experiment described below was undertaken in a telecommunications operators data centre in Paris. Details of experiment: • The underground data centre comprised a 1 000 m2 computer room operating non-critical systems (development, backup, etc.) within which the heat dissipation was in the range 300 W/m2 to 1 500 W/... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.3.3 Time before "system-shutdown" | Many types of information technology equipment undergo automatic shutdown when temperatures exceed the vendors' maximum operating temperature specification (typically 30 °C or 32 °C). The available time to repair and/or restart cooling before automatic shut-down occurs is a major operational concern. The time to repair... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.3.4 Restrictions on implementation | In an Uptime Institute Tier 4 data centre, the risk posed by a cooling system failure is reduced by the presence of redundant environmental control systems and/or power distribution equipment. Any associated risks of operating the information technology and network telecommunications equipment are also minimized. Howev... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.4 Alternative cooling mechanisms | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.4.1 Free cooling | If the opportunity exists and outdoor conditions permit, the re-introduction of air-side economizers (free cooling) or water-side economizers (cooling tower) approaches may be considered to reduce energy usage without heavy Capex. Free cooling uses external air or water temperature conditions for cooling rooms by intro... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.4.2 Direct liquid cooling | This topic is included here for completeness but it is for future study. |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.4.3 Emerging technology (auto cooled chassis or chip-level cooling) | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.4.3.1 Cooling-on-the-chip | This next generation technology aims to directly apply the cooling to the semiconductor packages within equipment such as servers. Hardware manufacturers are working on these technologies which are predicted to provide significant improvements in energy efficiency. |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.4.3.2 Auto-cooled chassis | Chassis or racks already exist which contain integrated cooling systems (air or liquid). |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 7.2.5 Enhancements of cooling systems | The following enhancements of cooling systems involve high Capex and Opex and represent a significant risk in terms of business continuity and quality of service during the implementation phase: a) installation of high-efficiency variable-speed air-handler fans and chilled water pumps; b) optimization of data centre ai... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 9.1 General | This clause describes the approaches that may be employed to increase the energy efficiency of the power distribution systems within the data centre. Some of the approaches are applicable to legacy data centres while others are more likely to be applied in new data centres. Further details are provided in clauses 10 an... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 9.2 Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 9.2.1 Efficiency | The most popular UPS technologies including "line interactive " and "double conversion" (see figure 25). UPS technologies such as "delta conversion" are recognized but are proprietary technology from one specific vendor. Figure 25: Multi-vendor UPS technologies The IEC defines the efficiency of a UPS as "the ratio of o... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 9.2.2 Modular UPS | In legacy data centres, UPS commonly use double conversion technology, as shown in figure 25. This means two conversions (AC-DC and DC-AC), generating consequent losses of energy. Recently, vendors have begun to offer smaller modules (from 10 kVA to 50 kVA) to build "modular" UPS systems. The main advantage of the modu... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 9.3 Energy efficiency improvement solutions | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 9.3.1 Measurement of energy efficiency of existing equipment | This involves the review of the existing power distribution equipment within the chain in terms of its energy efficiency. This may be undertaken without significant Capex. |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 9.3.2 Energy capacity management | This involves the use of electrical capacity management tools in order to deliver a more efficient usage of consumption. This requires significant Capex (for the monitoring equipment) and Opex (installation and software). The implementation of electrical capacity management can generate some immediate reduction in term... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 9.3.3 Review of policy | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 9.3.3.1 General | The implementation of improvements in energy efficiency by changing the distribution policy (such as AC or HVDC) have an impact on the equipment used and can represent significant Capex and a risk to business continuity. Such changes cannot be recommended in existing data centres. |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 9.3.3.2 HVDC versus AC | ETSI has published EN 300 132-3 [12] which discusses 400 V AC and DC power distribution. Some trials of HVDC have been undertaken on an international level by a number of organizations such as power distribution manufacturers, hardware vendors and also by laboratories, universities. These trials clearly demonstrate an ... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 9.3.4 High efficiency distribution equipment | This involves the installation of individual power distribution equipment with improved energy efficiency specifications. Typical examples include: • high-efficiency power distribution units; • high-efficiency motors in fans and pumps; • UPS units that exhibit improved efficiency over the over full range of load; • rot... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 9.3.5 Backup power | The use of on-site generated energy (more often with fuel generator sets) as back-up to the main electrical power source does not improve energy efficiency. It is intended to be deployed in crisis situations where the aim is to get back to normal operation as quickly as possible. Note that backup power infrastructures ... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 10 Energy efficiency within existing data centres | Table 17 shows the short and medium term actions that may be employed to improve energy efficiency within existing data centres by reference to the clause numbers of the present document. Table 17: Short and medium term actions within existing data centres Technology area Short term actions Medium term actions IT infra... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 11 Energy efficiency within new data centres | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 11.1 General | This clause details the discipline that requires consideration during the design, installation and operation of a data centre in order to maximize savings on energy usage and reducing its "Carbon Footprint". Many of the solutions detailed in clauses 6, 7, 8 and 9 are applicable during the design of a new data centre. H... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.