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a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 11.2 Multi-disciplinary approach | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 11.2.1 Location | The selection of a location is primarily affected by the availability, and quality, of power supplies. National or local legislation, regulation and constraints concerning industrial buildings influence the selection of location of new data centres. However, facilities offered by local authorities such as tax reduction... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 11.2.2 Energy sources | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 11.2.2.1 Main energy | In case of an Uptime Institute Tier 4 data centre, two separate sources of energy, coming from two remote plants or two different sources of energy are required and this dramatically limits the range of potential locations around the world that can support such data centres. ETSI ETSI TS 105 174-2-2 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 48 |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 11.2.2.2 Backup energy | Backup energy has to be dimensioned to cover 100 % of data centres needs for a determined period and provision has to be made using "on site" sources with generators or other renewable energy solutions. |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 11.2.3 Building conception | The specification of a building housing a data centre is directly impacted by its location. The orientation of the building together with the thermal insulation properties of the building walls, roof, windows, have a significant effect on the power demands associated with environmental control of the building interior.... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 11.2.4 Internal design | In order to maximize the overall energy efficiency, the internal structure and configuration of the data centre should be analyzed to ensure that the appropriate power and environmental control resources are applied in different areas. A minimum set of identifiable spaces within data centres are: • Computer rooms (prin... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 11.2.5 Energy and cooling | The introduction of high efficiency power distribution systems and components as described in clauses 9.3.3 and 9.3.4 has a direct effect on external power demand in support of the information technology and network telecommunication equipment but does not have an automatic effect on PUE unless accompanied by improveme... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 11.2.6 IT infrastructure | The IT infrastructure of new data centres has to: • be designed for maximum agility, scalability, and a common shared architecture; • adopt the most efficient hardware technologies proposed by the vendors (requiring vendors to prove the real efficiency of their technologies, and their impact on TCO). Figure 30: IT infr... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 11.2.7 Software | Infrastructure management software brings some benefits in the way to manage the energy needs more efficiency, and have a clear view of the potential of power in a computer room, in a rack, in a server. ETSI ETSI TS 105 174-2-2 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 50 Same if some thermic measurement tool is implemented in the Computer roo... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 11.2.8 Processes | Two major types of actions are to be launched. First, a global consolidation programme to reduce the number of technical and logical components, which are the main cause of the energy expenses (see topic on consolidation methods), Second time, a set of automation tools for operations in the data centre. The NGDC has to... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 12 Conformance | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 12.1 Existing data centres | To conform to the present document the following assessment needs to be undertaken: • A: Awareness of total energy consumption of the designated data centre. • B: The total computational load. • KPI = B/A. To achieve minimal conformance over a period of time the KPI has to show an improvement of 15 % compared to the or... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 12.2 New data centres | To conform to the present document: • the target PUE shall be calculated in accordance with clause 5.3.1. • equipment and processes shall be established to enable measurement of the electrical consumption at different points to determine PUE (i.e. to determine the comparative values of clause 5.3.1). The initial PUE is... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13 Recommendations | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13.1 Existing data centres | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13.1.1 General | There are three mains approaches concerning energy management in an existing data centre: • reduction of PUE (increase efficiency); • reduction of energy consumption (cost effective); • optimum usage of existing resources (environment and/or technical). For each of approaches some specific actions should be initiated. ... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13.1.2 Reduction of PUE | In addition to conforming to clause 12.1, it is recommended that equipment and processes be established to enable measurement of the electrical consumption at different points to determine PUE (i.e. to determine the comparative values of clause 5.3.1). All actions related to reducing power consumption of cooling system... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13.1.3 Reduction of energy consumption | In addition to conforming to clause 12.1, it should be noted that actions to reduce the energy consumption of the information technology equipment (such as power management, capacity management and consolidation initiatives) will have a positive effect on energy consumption and energy costs, but could have a negative e... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13.1.4 Optimum usage of existing resources | In addition to conforming to clause 12.1, actions should be undertaken to optimize the usage of existing resources including capacity management, virtualization and logical consolidations in order to increase computational load of servers. |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13.1.5 High density areas | High-density areas should not be created that would impact air-flow and the effective cooling of existing areas. In enterprise data centres, it is recommended not to load racks fully and to balance the use high- and low-density equipments in rows. ETSI ETSI TS 105 174-2-2 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 52 |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13.2 New data centres | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13.2.1 General | For a Tier 1 or 2 data centre, the target PUE should be in the range 1,3 and 1,5 (DCIE 66,7 % to 76,9 %). For a Tier 3 or 4 data centre, the target PUE should be in the range 1,6 and 2,0 (DCIE 50 % to 62,5 %). NOTE: The target ranges reflects the opportunity for free-cooling as shown in table 16 and the higher values o... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13.2.2 Location study | This should be the main factor in the planning of future data centres. Following a comprehensive study covering risks (including natural, political, economical etc.) the choice of the location of the data centre will have a determinant aspect on all costs (Capex and Opex) as follows: • locations with mean annual temper... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13.2.3 Data centre construction | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13.2.3.1 External | The nature of the building components has an important impact on energy consumption. The building should neither as a "pressure cooker" or a "Thermos flask". The building should be constructed according to "green" standards such as HQE and LEED. |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13.2.3.2 Internal | Data centres should be designed with different areas which will not only provide improved energy efficiency but also minimize Capex and Opex, by considering: • high density areas, treated separately from other areas, in small specific rooms; • traditional computer rooms, with a kW/m2 ratio; • segregation of mission-cri... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13.2.4 Cooling | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13.2.4.1 systems | There should be a mix of traditional and free cooling systems. Traditional cooling should be applied: • where areas needing heavy cooling, such as high density areas, rooms with strategic mission-critical IT equipments; • when temperatures are not compatible with free cooling. In all cases, the cooling equipments shoul... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13.2.4.2 Temperature control | Mean temperature in computer rooms should reflect the criticality of the equipment or the application. It is not recommended to maintain low temperatures (18 °C to 20 °C) in rooms containing non-critical equipment or equipment that is specified to operate in accordance with EN 300 019-1-3 [11]. The introduction of an E... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13.2.5 IT Infrastructure | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13.2.5.1 Architecture and policy | Policy should be focused on shared components of the IT infrastructure. As described in figure 32 the architecture should be based on blade farms for X86 servers, and partitionable high-end Unix servers or traditional mainframes for large database processing. For storage, a common shared infrastructure should be built ... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13.2.5.2 Automation and capacity management | As described in figure 33 all operation processes should be automated using specific tools including: • supervision; • backup; • high-availability - disaster recovery; • inventory - asset management; • scheduling; • monitoring (measurement); • capacity management; • utility computing. |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 13.2.6 Organization - processes | It is recommended that the data centre is viewed as a component of a "Service", for which it provides technical environment and a set of functionalities, specific for operating and monitoring those Services, as shown in figure 32. Note that the technical infrastructure components and the logical layers are existing onl... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 14 Future opportunities | |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 14.1 General | Vendors in all areas are considering new solutions to meet changing needs for energy consumption, cooling and computing power and are proposing future equipment which integrates these demands. |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 14.2 Energy | • Produce your own renewable on-site energy, as much as possible. • Re-use wasted heat. • HVDC if significant energy consumption decrease is proved and tested. • New generation, higher efficiency, UPS. |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 14.3 Cooling | Free air or water cooling opportunities are of major concern for new data centres and will have a great impact on the PUE. Liquid or gas cooling directly in the servers or auto-cooled chassis or frames (previously used for mainframe computing components) are to be studied. |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 14.4 Energy efficient IT hardware | Follow the technical road-map of vendors, ensure in all sourcing or purchasing process of the real efficiency of equipment: • servers: new standards concerning temperature range and component efficiency (transformers, direct DC in the server, cooling on the chip, efficient fans, dynamic power management, etc.); ETSI ET... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 14.5 Software, tools and re-engineering | Data centres have to be equipped with a set of tools and gauges in order to be able to easily measure efficiency, and launch a set of initiatives concerning existing infrastructures including: • measurement tools for monitoring IT activity (CPU, Memory, I/O, etc.); • capacity management for IT infrastructure (the right... |
a525c3531c3b8f5d14495cfdffcb2180 | 105 174-2-2 | 14.6 Consolidation initiatives | Think consolidation for servers, storage, and prepare common shared infrastructure to host applications as shown in figure 32. ETSI ETSI TS 105 174-2-2 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 57 Annex A (informative): Indications of the effect of energy efficiency actions Table A.1 provides indications of reduction of energy consumption usin... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 1 Scope | ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3] specifies a minimum set of required practices for energy management which are applicable to ICT sites of all sizes and business models. These are taken from a sub-set of those practices recommended by CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1]. CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] also contains a much wider range of recommended prac... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 2 References | |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 2.1 Normative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 2.2 Informative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations | |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 3.1 Terms | For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3], CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1], ETSI EN 305 174-8 [4], ETSI TS 105 174-8 [5] and the following apply: absorption chiller: refrigeration unit that uses a heat source to provide the energy needed to drive a cooling process microgrid: group of inte... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 3.2 Symbols | For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3], CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1], ETSI EN 305 174-8 [4] and ETSI TS 105 174-8 [5] apply. |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 3.3 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI EN 305 174-1 [2], ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3], CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1], ETSI EN 305 174-8 [4], ETSI TS 105 174-8 [5] and the following apply: AC Alternative Current BREEAM Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method DC Direct Current ... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 4 Applicability of the present document | |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 4.1 Introduction to CLC/TR 50600-99-1 | CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] was first published in 2016 as a "standards-based" equivalent to the Best Practices Guidelines for the EU Code of Conduct on Data Centre Energy Efficiency V.7. At the time of initial publication of CLC/TR 50600-99-1 it was hoped that the European Commission Directorate General Joint Research Centr... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 4.2 ICT sites | ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3] specifies requirements for resource management of ICT sites based on the practices of CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] which are applicable to ICT sites of all sizes and business models. ETSI EN 305 174-1 [2] highlights that the concept of ICT sites was focussed on operator site (OS) and network data centre ... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 4.3 Other Network Distribution Nodes (NDNs) | ETSI EN 305 174-1 [2] defines an NDN as a grouping of NTE equipment within the boundaries of an access network providing distribution of service from an operator site (OS). Structures historically identified as being NDNs and only housing NTE are now evolving to also contain ITE also and are therefore technically ICT s... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 5 Mapping ETSI EN 305 174-2 to CLC/TR 50600-99-1 | |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 5.1 General | ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3] specifies the requirements, applicable to all ICT sites, addressing the general engineering for energy management and management of end-of-life procedures. The energy management requirements are taken from specific recommendations of CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] are were selected because they are applica... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 5.2 Power supply and distribution | |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 5.2.1 Design aspects | Table 1 shows the required energy management practices of ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3]. Further information can be obtained by reading the relevant reference in CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1]. NOTE: Both CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] and ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3] state UPS incorrectly to be "uninterruptible power supply", the correct term is "uni... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 5.2.2 Operational aspects | Table 2 shows the required energy management practices of ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3]. Further information can be obtained by reading the relevant reference in CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1]. ETSI ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.3.1 (2020-01) 17 Table 2: ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3] requirements for power supply and distribution operation Practice Ref... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 5.3 Environmental control | |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 5.3.1 Design aspects | Table 3 shows the required energy management practices of ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3]. Further information can be obtained by reading the relevant reference in CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1]. Table 3: ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3] requirements for environmental control design Practice Reference within CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] Mechanical equipme... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 5.3.2 Operational aspects | Table 4 shows the required energy management practices of ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3]. Further information can be obtained by reading the relevant reference in CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1]. Table 4: ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3] requirements for environmental control operation Practice Reference within CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] Mechanical equi... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 5.4 ICT equipment and software | |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 5.4.1 Design aspects | None |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 5.4.2 Operational aspects | Table 5 shows the required energy management practices of ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3]. Further information can be obtained by reading the relevant reference in CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1]. Table 5: ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3] requirements for ICT equipment operation Practice Reference within CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] An ITIL type Configurat... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 5.5 Other practices of CLC/TR 50600-99-1 | There are many other energy management practices contained within CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] which cannot be converted into requirements because they are not applicable to all sizes or types of ICT sites or are dependent upon the design and/or operation of the ICT site. These are described in: • Clause 6 Construction. • Cla... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 6 Construction recommendations | |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 6.1 General | ICT sites can be housed in buildings or other structures and the term structures is used hereafter as being a generic term. The specification of a structure housing an ICT site is directly impacted by its location (see clause 6.2). The orientation of the structure together with the design and thermal insulation propert... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 6.2 Design practices | |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 6.2.1 Location of ICT sites | |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 6.2.1.1 Selection criteria | In addition to the applicable criteria identified in CENELEC EN 50600-2-1 [i.5], a qualitative analysis for the location of a new ICT site should review a number of factors grouped by theme with a weight attributed by the company such as those shown below. This type of analysis may be used to compare countries or sites... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 6.2.1.2 Environment | Table 7 shows the references for the relevant practices of CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] which support this topic. Further information can be obtained by reading the relevant reference. NOTE: The use of the term "data centre" below is considered to have wider application to the ICT sites of the present document. The practices ... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 6.2.1.3 Power: sources of supply | The European standard for the power supply to structures housing data centres (which can be applied to other ICT sites) is CENELEC EN 50600-2-2 [i.6]. NOTE 1: CENELEC EN 50600-2-2 [i.6] is the basis for ISO/IEC TS 22237-3 [i.40] (in preparation as a future ISO/IEC 22237-3 in 2020). A primary and secondary supply can be... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 6.2.1.4 Environmental control: sources of coolant | Table 10 shows the references for the relevant practices of CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] which support this topic. Further information can be obtained by reading the relevant reference. NOTE: The use of the term "data centre" below is considered to have wider application to the ICT sites of the present document. Table 10: CLC... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 6.2.1.5 Reuse of energy | ICT sites can produce significant quantities of waste heat and there are some applications for reuse of this energy. As ICT equipment utilization is increased, the exhaust temperature increases which will provide greater opportunity for waste heat to be re-used. Direct liquid cooled ICT equipment (see clause 8.1) provi... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 6.2.2 Structure and configuration of ICT sites | |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 6.2.2.1 General | In order to maximize the overall energy efficiency, the internal structure and configuration of the ICT site should be analysed to ensure that the appropriate power and environmental control resources are applied in different areas. A minimum set of identifiable spaces within ICT sites are: • computer rooms (principall... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 6.2.2.2 Infrastructure supporting ICT equipment | The supporting infrastructure should: • be designed for maximum agility, scalability and to enable sharing of infrastructure; • adopt the most efficient hardware technologies proposed by the vendors (requiring vendors to prove the real efficiency of their technologies, and their impact on TCO; • support various hosted ... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 6.3 Operational practices | Table 14 shows the references for the relevant practices of CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] which support this topic. Further information can be obtained by reading the relevant reference. Table 14: CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] practices addressing ICT site operation Practice (information in any "Notes" of each practice is not shown) R... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7 Power distribution recommendations | |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.1 General | The European standard for the design of power distribution within structures housing data centres (which can be applied to other ICT sites) is CENELEC EN 50600-2-2 [i.6]. NOTE: CENELEC EN 50600-2-2 [i.6] is the basis for ISO/IEC TS 22237-3 [i.40] (in preparation as a future ISO/IEC 22237-3 in 2020). This clause contain... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.2 Design practices | |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.2.1 Overview | Figure 1 shows an example of complex power distribution system within an ICT site from the primary distribution equipment to, and within, the NTE and ITE. Each component in the power distribution system has specified and measurable energy efficiency. Similar schematics can be considered for -48 VDC (see clause 7.2.3) a... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.2.2 Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) | |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.2.2.1 Efficiency | Table 15 shows the references for the relevant practices of CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] which support this topic. Further information can be obtained by reading the relevant reference. NOTE: Both CLC/TR 50600-99-1 [1] and ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3] state UPS incorrectly to be "uninterruptible power supply", the correct term is "u... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.2.2.2 Traditional UPS | In many legacy ICT sites: • UPS use double-conversion technology; • UPS are installed with the maximum capacity anticipated for the future needs which is often never realized. In addition, redundancy requirements also promote the operation of UPS below their full capacity. ICT sites having a power distribution infrastr... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.2.2.3 Modular UPS | Modular UPS allow the capacity to be mapped to the demand thereby improving energy efficiency and reducing overall energy consumption. Recently, vendors have begun to offer smaller modules (from 10 kVA to 50 kVA) to build "modular" UPS. The main advantage of the modular UPS approach is the ability to grow capacity taki... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.2.2.4 UPS in combination | Both UPS types can be mixed, in either the same or in different zones of the data centre. Some use a traditional UPS as their main source, but use smaller, modular systems as the second source for their most critical hardware to give "1+1" redundancy without incurring that cost for the entire data centre. ETSI ETSI TS ... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.2.3 -48 VDC power solutions | To maximize energy performance, modular systems should be used where only the required number of modules should be activated (considering reliability requirements that may require addition of redundant modules). |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.2.4 High efficiency distribution and power equipment | This involves the installation of distribution and individual power equipment with improved energy efficiency specifications. Typical examples include: • high-efficiency power distribution units (reduced length, better cable sizing, less losses in interconnection and protective devices, etc.); • high-efficiency motors ... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.2.5 Migrating to 400 VDC | |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.2.5.1 General | The improvement of energy efficiency within the power distribution system by moving to 400 VDC is dependent on the type of ICT site. The issues differ between NDC sites (where equipment is generally currently supplied at 230 VAC, single phase in Europe) and OS (where the NTE is supplied at -48 VDC). In both scenarios, ... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.2.5.2 400 VDC versus AC | The increase of service and of energy density of the ICT equipment has led to more equipment in the same existing premises and higher power consumption. Therefore, the A3 power interface voltage ranges proposed in ETSI EN 300 132 series [i.13] have been defined with consideration to the: • need to unify the power suppl... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.2.5.3 Earthing and Bonding | ETSI has published ETSI EN 301 605 [i.16] on earthing and bonding of 400 VDC ICT equipment, in relation to safety, functional performance and EMC of HVDC. If all safety standards (IEC, ITU-T, ETSI) are complied with, 400 VDC is less dangerous than AC particularly the 3 phases with 660 VAC peak voltage. NOTE: Energy ope... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.3 Operational practices | |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.3.1 Measurement, monitoring and reporting | |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.3.1.1 Measurement of energy efficiency of existing equipment | This involves the review of the existing power distribution equipment in terms of its energy efficiency enabling the measurement, monitoring and reporting (MMR) of relevant information. This may be undertaken without significant capital expenditure. ETSI ES 202 336-9 [i.21] addresses monitoring and control of "alternat... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.3.1.2 Energy capacity management | This involves the use of electrical capacity management tools in order to deliver a more efficient usage of consumption. This requires significant capital expenditure for the monitoring equipment) and operating costs of installation and the software. The implementation of electrical capacity management can generate som... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.3.2 Maintenance | The maintenance of power supply and distribution equipment is a requirement of ETSI EN 305 174-2 [3] for all ICT sites (see clause 5.2.2). |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 7.4 Example outcomes | Table 18 shows the typical outcomes resulting from the implementation of energy management practices within the power distribution system. ETSI ETSI TS 105 174-2 V1.3.1 (2020-01) 33 Table 18: Typical outcomes resulting from energy management practices on power distribution Description Reference in the present document ... |
d5dcdc7007958ac950012314e8b6e4ab | 105 174-2 | 8 Environmental control recommendations |
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