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6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 5.3 Other effects | |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 5.3.1 Range length and measurement distance | Range length is defined as the horizontal distance between the phase centres (or volume centres) of the EUT and test antenna or between antennas. Measurement distance, on the other hand, is defined as the actual distance between the phase centres (or volume centres) of the EUT and test antenna. The distinction between ... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 5.3.2 Antenna mast, turntable and mounting fixtures | As the turntable and mounting fixtures are in close proximity to the EUT/antenna they can significantly change its performance. The antenna mast likewise for the test antenna. The antenna mast, turntable and mounting fixtures should, therefore, be constructed from non conducting, low relative dielectric constant plasti... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 5.3.3 Test antenna height limitations | All tests on ground reflection sites are carried out so that the peak signal level is detected by varying the height of the antenna on the mast. For an EUT with an omni-directional pattern in the vertical plane above a perfectly conducting ground, theoretically, this peak for vertical polarization occurs on the surface... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 5.3.4 Test antenna cabling | There are radiating mechanisms by which RF cables can introduce uncertainties into radiated measurements: - leakage; - acting as a parasitic element to the test antenna; - introducing common mode current to the balun of the test antenna. Leakage allows electromagnetic coupling into the cables. Because the electromagnet... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 5.3.5 EUT supply and control cabling | EUT cable layout can contribute significantly to the uncertainty of the measurement. Large variations can occur when measuring spurious emissions for example, as a result of the positions of the supply and control cables. These cables can act as parasitic elements and can receive radiated fields. The effects vary with ... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 5.3.6 Positioning of the EUT and antennas | The phase centre of an EUT or an antenna is the point within the EUT or antenna from which it radiates. If the EUT or antenna was rotated about this point, the phase of the received/transmitted signal would not change. For some test procedures, especially those which require an accurate knowledge of the measurement dis... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 5.3.7 Electromagnetic environment | On a typical Open Area Test Site, ambient RF interference can add considerable uncertainty to the measurements. Such ambient interference can be from continuous sources e.g. commercial radio and television, link services, navigation etc. or intermittent ones e.g. CB, emergency services, DECT, GSM, paging systems, machi... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 5.3.8 Extraneous reflections | Whilst an ideal Open Area Test Site should be completely clear of any possible reflecting objects, this is not very realistic in practise and items such as trees, buildings, movements of people, etc. will always be in the vicinity. Care should therefore be taken to ensure that the effects of such objects do not disturb... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6 Verification procedure for an Open Area Test Site | |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.1 Introduction | The verification procedure is a process carried out on all Open Area Test Sites, Anechoic facilities (both with and without a ground plane) and Striplines to prove their suitability as free field test sites. Anechoic facilities and Open Area Test Sites For both types of Anechoic facility and Open Area Test Sites the pr... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.2 Normalized site attenuation | NSA is determined from the value of site attenuation by subtraction of the antenna factors and mutual coupling effects. The subtraction of the antenna factors makes NSA independent of antenna type. NOTE: The uncertainty of the resulting value for NSA depends directly on the uncertainty with which the antenna factors ar... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.2.1 Anechoic Chamber | In an ideal Anechoic Chamber where there are: - no unwanted reflections (ground reflected or others); - no interaction between transmit and receive dipoles; - no coupling of the dipoles to the absorbing material; - and where perfectly aligned, loss-less, matched tuned dipoles are used. The coupling between the dipoles ... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.2.2 Open Area Test Site | The formula for ED(H or V) in the site attenuation equation for the fully Anechoic Chamber, given above, is only applicable if no reflections (ground or otherwise) are present. For the Open Area Test Site the formula has to be modified to take the ground reflection into account. However, this situation is further compl... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.2.3 Improvements to the formulae for EDHmax and EDVmax | In the verification procedure for an Open Area Test Site, the performance is measured for a number of transmitting dipole positions within a specified volume. This results in several positions for which off-boresight angles of incidence occur. As a consequence, the formula for EDHmax has to be modified. However, so too... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.2.4 Mutual coupling | Mutual coupling may exist between the antennas during the verification procedure. This will serve to modify the results since it can change input impedance/voltage standing wave ratio, radiation patterns and gain/antenna factors of both dipoles. Direct path Mutual coupling between dipoles Transmitting dipole Receiving ... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.3 Overview of the verification procedure | The first steps in the verification procedure are the gathering of all the appropriate test equipment (see clause 6.3.1) and preparation of the site (see clause 6.3.2). The test equipment should then be configured (see clause 6.3.3), and the verification procedure carried out (see clause 6.4). On completion of the veri... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.3.1 Apparatus required | - Attenuator pads, 10 dB; - connecting cables; - ferrite beads; - receiving device (measuring receiver or spectrum analyser); - signal generator; - transmit antenna; - receive antenna. ETSI ETSI TR 102 273-4 V1.2.1 (2001-12) 39 For frequencies from 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz: - transmit antenna (half wavelength dipoles as det... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.3.2 Site preparation | Prior to the start of the verification procedure, system checks should be made on the equipment to be used. All items of test equipment, where appropriate, should be connected to power supplies, switched on and allowed adequate time to stabilize, as recommended by the manufacturers. Where a stabilization period is not ... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.3.3 Measurement configuration | For the frequency band 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz, both antennas should be tuned half-wavelength dipoles (constructed as detailed in ANSI C63.5 [1]) aligned for the same polarization. NOTE 1: Due to size constraints a shortened dipole is used over part of this frequency band. For uniformity of verification procedure across Op... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.3.4 What to record | During the course of the procedure, the ambient temperature and relative humidity should be recorded. Also during the course of the procedure, the output level of the signal generator, the received level, the tuned frequency and polarization of the antennas should be recorded along with ALL equipment used - signal gene... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.4 Verification procedure | Introduction Two different procedures, one for each band, are involved in verifying the performance of an Open Area Test Site which is used for the band 30 MHz to 12,75 GHz. The first procedure covers 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz and the second covers 1 GHz to 12,75 GHz. |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.4.1 Procedure 1: 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz | Direct attenuation 1) The two antenna cables should be connected together, via attenuator pads and an "in line" adapter as shown in figure 24. Alternatively, if this is not practical, a calibrated cable may be used instead of the adapter. NOTE 1: The use of a cable will increase the overall measurement uncertainty. "In... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.4.2 Alternative Procedure 1: 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz | The procedure contained in clause 6.3.1 is the most accurate procedure considered for verification in the 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz band - the use of ANSI C63.5 [1] dipoles enabling precise correction figures for mutual coupling to be incorporated into the results. The procedure can be very time consuming however and, as a q... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.4.3 Procedure 2: 1 GHz to 12,75 GHz | Direct attenuation 1) The two antenna cables should be connected together, via attenuator pads and an "in line" adapter as shown in figure 27. Alternatively, if this is not practical, a calibrated cable may be used instead of the adapter. NOTE 1: The use of a cable will increase the overall measurement uncertainty. ETS... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.5 Processing the results of the verification procedure | |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.5.1 Introduction | Having carried out the verification procedures as detailed in clause 6.3 the results sheets should have values filling the first four columns, namely those headed "Freq", "Dipole height" or "LPDA height", "Direct" and "Site". This clause details the values to be incorporated in all the remaining columns. The processing... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.5.2 Procedure 1: 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz | Antenna factors For dipoles, the antenna factor of each dipole is given by: Antenna factor = 20 log f - 31,4 dB where f is the frequency in MHz. NOTE 1: A resistive loss of 0,5 dB is incorporated into this formula. Whilst the above formula for antenna factor applies only to a tuned half wavelength dipole, it should sti... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.5.3 Procedure 2: 1 GHz to 12,75 GHz | Antenna factors Generally, the manufacturer of the LPDAs will supply figures for either the gain or antenna factor variation with frequency. Where the gain variation is given, this should be converted to antenna factor by the following formula: dB 734 ,9 log 20 = G factor Antenna λ (6.25) where: λ is the ... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.5.4 Report format | It is suggested that the results of the verification are presented in two ways, firstly as indicated in the completed results sheets and secondly in the form of plots of the "Difference" column against frequency for each polarization as shown in figure 30. ETSI ETSI TR 102 273-4 V1.2.1 (2001-12) 58 Frequency (MHz) Diff... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.6 Calculation of measurement uncertainty (Procedure 1) | The column headed "Overall" in the results sheet is completed during the processing of the results for the verification procedure. The values entered in this column are the measured NSA figures for the Open Area Test Site. The value, at any particular frequency, for the measured NSA is "Direct" (reference value) less "... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.6.1 Uncertainty contribution, direct attenuation measurement | The verification procedure involves two different measurement stages and the derivation of NSA. The first stage (the reference) is with all the items of test equipment connected directly together via an adapter between the attenuators as shown in figure 31 (components shown shaded are common to both stages of the proce... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.6.2 Uncertainty contribution, NSA measurement | This stage involves removing the adapter and connecting each attenuator to an antenna as shown in figure 32, and recording the new level on the receiving device. cable 2 ferrite beads Receiving device Attenuator 2 10 dB cable 1 ferrite beads Attenuator 1 10 dB Signal generator Transmitting antenna Receiving antenna Gro... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.6.3 Expanded uncertainty of the verification procedure | The combined standard uncertainty of the results of the verification procedure is the combination of the components outlined in clauses 6.6.1 and 6.6.2. The components to be combined are uc direct attenuation measurement and uc NSA measurement. __dB __, = 2 2 t measuremen NSA c t measuremen n attenuatio direct c c u u ... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.7 Calculation of measurement uncertainty (Procedure 2) | The column headed "Overall" in the results sheet is completed during the processing of the results for the verification procedure. The values entered in this column are the measured NSA figures for the Open Area Test Site. The value, at any particular frequency, for the measured NSA is "Direct" (reference value) less "... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.7.1 Uncertainty contribution, direct attenuation measurement | The verification procedure involves two different measurement stages and the derivation of NSA. The first stage (the reference) is with all the items of test equipment connected directly together via an adapter between the attenuators as shown in figure 33 (components shown shaded are common to both stages of the proce... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.7.2 Uncertainty contribution, NSA measurement | This stage involves removing the adapter and connecting each attenuator to an antenna as shown in figure 34, and recording the new level on the receiving device. Ground plane cable 2 Attenuator 2 10 dB Receiving device ferrite beads cable 1 Attenuator 1 10 dB ferrite beads Signal generator Figure 34: NSA measurement Th... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.7.3 Expanded uncertainty of the verification procedure | The combined standard uncertainty of the results of the verification procedure is the combination of the components outlined in clauses 6.7.1 and 6.7.2. The components to be combined are uc direct attenuation measurement and uc NSA measurement. __dB __, = 2 2 t measuremen NSA c t measuremen n attenuatio direct c c u u ... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 6.8 Summary | The expanded uncertainty values derived in clauses 6.6.3 and 6.7.3 reveal the uncertainty with which the NSA can be measured. Any value of NSA which varies by more than these uncertainty values from the theoretical value is probably due to imperfection(s) in the site. These imperfections may be due to reflections from ... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7 Test methods | |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.1 Introduction | The following test methods apply to integral antenna devices only i.e. EUTs not fitted with either a permanent or a temporary external antenna connector. The Spurious emission test also applies to EUTs with a detachable antenna. The range length of the Open Area Test Site should be adequate to allow for testing in the ... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.1.1 Site preparation | The cables for both ends of the test site should be routed horizontally away from the testing area for a minimum of 2 m. They should then be allowed to drop vertically towards the ground plane, through which they should pass to the test equipment. These cables should be dressed with ferrite beads, spaced 0,15 m apart f... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.1.2 Preparation of the EUT | The manufacturer should supply information about the EUT covering the operating frequency, polarization, supply voltage(s) and the reference face. Additional information, specific to the type of EUT should include, where relevant, carrier power, channel spacing, whether different operating modes are available (e.g. hig... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.1.3 Standard antennas | In the frequency band 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz, except where stipulated, both test and substitution/measuring antennas should be tuned half-wavelength dipoles (constructed as detailed in ANSI C63.5 [1]) aligned for the same polarization. NOTE: Due to size constraints a shortened dipole is used over part of this frequency ba... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.1.4 Mutual coupling and mismatch loss correction factors | Correction factors are included where relevant, to allow for mutual coupling and mismatch loss for the 30 MHz to 180 MHz band, based on using the recommended ANSI C63.5 [1] dipoles. These have been calculated by computer modelling of their baluns, sectional arms and the testing arrangements (i.e. range length and optim... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.1.5 Power supplies to EUT | All tests should be performed using power supplies wherever possible, including tests on EUTs designed for battery-only use. In all cases, power leads should be connected to the EUTs supply terminals (and monitored with a digital voltmeter) but the battery should remain present, electrically isolated from the rest of t... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.1.6 Restrictions | The restriction that no part of any antenna should come within 0,25 m of the ground plane should be applied at all times throughout these test methods. ETSI ETSI TR 102 273-4 V1.2.1 (2001-12) 67 |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2 Transmitter tests | |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.1 Frequency error (30 MHz to 1 000 MHz) | Definition The frequency error of a transmitter is the difference between the measured carrier frequency in the absence of modulation and the nominal frequency of the transmitter as stated by the manufacturer. |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.1.1 Apparatus required | - digital voltmeter; - ferrite beads; - 10 dB attenuators; - power supply; - connecting cables; - Open Area Test Site; - test antenna (a half wavelength dipole, bicone or a LPDA); - frequency counter. The type and serial numbers of all items of test equipment should be recorded in the log book results sheet (see table ... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.1.2 Method of measurement | 1) The measurement should always be performed in the absence of modulation. 2) The EUT should be mounted on a turntable whose mounting surface is at the height (above the ground plane) specified in the relevant standard. The EUT should be mounted in an orientation which matches that of its normal usage as stated by the... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.1.3 Procedure for completion of the results sheets | There are only two values that need to be derived before the overall results sheet (see table 22) can be completed. Firstly the value for frequency error (from a straightforward calculation of recorded frequency minus the nominal frequency) and secondly, the value of the expanded uncertainty for the test. This should b... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.1.4 Log book entries | Table 21: Log book results sheet FREQUENCY ERROR Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Temperature:.........°°°°C Humidity:...............% Frequency:.............MHz Manufacturer of EUT:..................... Type No:.............. Serial No:.................. Range length: ....................... Test equipment item Type No. Serial No. V... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.1.5 Statement of results | The results should be presented in tabular form as shown in table 22. Table 22: Overall results sheet FREQUENCY ERROR Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Frequency error Hz Expanded uncertainty (95 %) dB |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.2 Expanded uncertainty for Frequency error test | The method of calculating the expanded uncertainty for tests in which signal levels in dB are involved is equally adopted for the frequency error test in which all the uncertainties are in the units of Hz. That is, all the uncertainty contributions are converted into standard uncertainties and combined by the RSS metho... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.3 Effective radiated power (30 MHz to 1 000 MHz) | Definition The effective radiated power is the power radiated in the direction of the maximum field strength under specified conditions of measurement, in the absence of modulation. |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.3.1 Apparatus required | - digital voltmeter; - ferrite beads; - 10 dB attenuators; - power supply; - connecting cables; - Open Area Test Site; - test Antenna (half wavelength dipole as detailed in ANSI C63.5 [1] recommended); - substitution antenna (half wavelength dipole as detailed in ANSI C63.5 [1] recommended); - receiving device (measuri... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.3.2 Method of measurement | 1) The measurement should always be performed in the absence of modulation. 2) The EUT should be mounted directly onto the turntable, whose surface is at the height (above the ground plane) specified in the relevant Standard, in an orientation which matches that of its normal usage (as stated by the manufacturer). The ... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.3.3 Procedure for completion of the results sheets | There are two values that need to be derived before the overall results sheet (see table 26) can be completed. These are the overall measurement correction and the expanded uncertainty values. Guidance for deriving the values of the correction factors is given in table 24. When the correction factors have been derived,... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.3.4 Log book entries | Table 25: Log book results sheet EFFECTIVE RADIATED POWER Date: PAGE 1 of 2 Temperature:.........°°°°C Humidity:...............% Frequency:.............MHz Manufacturer of EUT:..................... Type No:.............. Serial No:.................. Bandwidth of Receiving Device...................Hz Range length: ........ |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.3.5 Statement of results | The results should be presented in tabular form as shown in table 26. Table 26: Overall results sheet EFFECTIVE RADIATED POWER Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Vertical polarization Horizontal polarization Effective radiated power dBm Effective radiated power dBm Expanded uncertainty (95 %) dB Expanded uncertainty (95 %) dB |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.4 Measurement uncertainty for Effective radiated power | A fully worked example illustrating the methodology to be used can be found in clause 4 of TR 102 273-1-2 [10]. |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.4.1 Uncertainty contributions: Stage 1: EUT measurement | For the measurement of effective radiated power two stages of test are involved. The first stage (the EUT measurement) is to measure on the receiving device, a level from the EUT as shown in figure 39 (shaded components are common to both stages of the test). ETSI ETSI TR 102 273-4 V1.2.1 (2001-12) 77 Test antenna cabl... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.4.2 Uncertainty contributions: Stage 2: Substitution measurement | The second stage (the substitution) involves replacing the EUT with a substitution antenna and signal source as shown in figure 40 and adjusting the output level of the signal generator until the same level as in stage one is achieved on the receiving device. ETSI ETSI TR 102 273-4 V1.2.1 (2001-12) 78 Test antenna cabl... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.4.3 Expanded uncertainty of the ERP measurement | The combined standard uncertainty of the effective radiated power measurement is the RSS combination of the components outlined in clauses 7.2.4.1 and 7.2.4.2. The components to be combined are uc contribution from the EUT measurement and uc contribution from the substitution. ETSI ETSI TR 102 273-4 V1.2.1 (2001-12) 79... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.5 Spurious Emissions (30 MHz - 4 GHz or 12,75 GHz) | Spurious emissions are unwanted sources of radiation from an EUT. They are at frequencies other than those of the carrier and sidebands associated with normal modulation and by definition, their radiating mechanisms and locations within the equipment, as well as their directivities, polarizations and directions are unk... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.5.1 Apparatus required | - digital voltmeter; - ferrite beads; - 10 dB Attenuators; - power supply; - connecting cables; - Open Area Test Site; - shielded chamber (non-anechoic); - broadband test antenna (biconic, typically 30 MHz to 200 MHz, LPDAs, typically 200 MHz to 1 GHz and 1 GHz to 12,75 GHz or waveguide horns, typically 1 GHz to 12,75 ... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.5.2 Method of measurement | Characterization The process of characterization should take place within a shielded, totally reflecting enclosure where no absorbing material is present. C1) The EUT should be mounted on a non-conducting turntable of low relative dielectric constant (preferably less than 1,5) material(s) in a shielded enclosure. (i.e.... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.5.3 Procedure for completion of the results sheets | There are several values that remain to be entered in the overall results sheet (see table 31). These are the overall spurious emission levels (corrected for the systematic offsets involved in the measurement) and the expanded measurement uncertainty. Initially, the overall correction factors for each of the two polari... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.5.4 Log book entries | Table 30: Log book results sheet SPURIOUS EMISSIONS Date: PAGE 1 of 2 Temperature:.........°°°°C Humidity:...............% Frequency:.............MHz Manufacturer of EUT:..................... Type No:.............. Serial No:.................. Bandwidth of Receiving Device...................Hz Range length: .............. |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.5.5 Statement of results | The results should be presented in tabular form as shown in table 31. Table 31: Overall results sheet SPURIOUS EMISSIONS Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Frequency (MHz) Spurious emission ERP (dBm) Expanded uncertainty (95 %) dB dB dB dB dB dB dB ETSI ETSI TR 102 273-4 V1.2.1 (2001-12) 88 |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.6 Measurement uncertainty for Spurious emissions | A fully worked example illustrating the methodology to be used can be found in clause 4 of TR 102 273-1-2 [10]. |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.6.1 Uncertainty contributions: Stage 1: EUT measurement | For the measurement of spurious effective radiated power two stages of test are involved. The first stage (the EUT measurement) is to measure on the receiving device, a level from the EUT as shown in figure 45 (shaded components are common to both stages of the test). Test antenna cable 2 Test antenna ferrite beads Att... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.6.2 Uncertainty contributions: Stage 2: Substitution measurement | The second stage (the substitution) involves replacing the EUT with a substitution antenna and signal source as shown in figure 46 and adjusting the output level of the signal generator until the same level as in stage one is achieved on the receiving device. Test antenna cable 2 Test antenna ferrite beads Attenuator 2... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.6.3 Expanded uncertainty of the Spurious emission | The combined standard uncertainty of the ERP measurement of the spurious emission is the combination of the components outlined in clauses 7.2.6.1 and 7.2.6.2. The components to be combined are uc contribution from the EUT measurement and uc contribution from the substitution. __dB __, = 2 2 on substituti the from ion ... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.2.7 Adjacent channel power | This test is normally carried out using a test fixture and as a result has not been considered for the Anechoic Chamber. |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.3 Receiver tests | The tests carried out on receivers can be divided into two categories, namely sensitivity and immunity. However, only sensitivity tests are considered here. |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.3.1 Sensitivity tests (30 MHz to 1 000 MHz) | The test method for measuring the maximum or average usable sensitivity of a receiver is in two parts. In the first part, a Transform Factor for the test site (i.e. the relationship in decibels between the output power level (in dBm) from the signal generator to the resulting electric field strength (in dBµV/m) at the ... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.3.1.1 Apparatus required | - digital voltmeter; - ferrite beads; - 10 dB attenuators; - power supply; - connecting cables; - Open Area Test Site; - test antenna (half wavelength dipole as detailed in ANSI C63.5 [1] recommended); - measuring antenna (half wavelength dipole as detailed in ANSI C63.5 [1] recommended); - RF Signal generator; - recei... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.3.1.2 Method of measurement | Determination of the Transform Factor for the test site 1) For this part of the test, it is necessary to position the measuring antenna such that its phase centre is at the same height above the ground plane as the phase centre of the EUT in the second part of the test. The height of the phase centre of the EUT should ... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.3.1.3 Procedure for completion of the results sheets | All the necessary processing of the measured results is carried out during the course of the test procedure. The only calculation that remains to be performed before the overall results sheet (see table 36) can be completed is the determination of expanded uncertainty of the measurement. This should be performed as giv... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.3.1.4 Log book entries | Table 35: Log book results sheet RECEIVER SENSITIVITY Date: PAGE 1 of 2 Temperature:.........°°°°C Humidity:...............% Frequency:.............MHz Manufacturer of EUT:..................... Type No:.............. Serial No:.................. Range length: ....................... Test equipment item Type No. Serial ... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.3.1.5 Statement of results | The results should be presented in tabular form as shown in table 36. Table 36: Overall results sheet RECEIVER SENSITIVITY Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Vertical polarization Horizontal polarization MAXIMUM Usable Sensitivity µV/m MAXIMUM Usable Sensitivity µV/m AVERAGE Usable Sensitivity µV/m AVERAGE Usable Sensitivity µV/m Expan... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.3.2 Measurement uncertainty for maximum or average usable sensitivity | A fully worked example illustrating the methodology to be used can be found in clause 4 of TR 102 273-1-2 [10]. |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.3.2.1 Uncertainty contributions: Stage one: Transform Factor | The first stage (determining the Transform Factor) involves placing a measuring antenna as shown in figure 49 and determining the relationship between the signal generator output power level and the resulting field strength (the shaded areas in figure 42 represent components common to both stages of the test). Measurin... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.3.2.2 Uncertainty contributions: Stage 2: EUT measurement | The second stage (the EUT measurement) is to determine the minimum signal generator output level which produces the required response from the EUT as shown in figure 50 (the shaded areas represent components common to both stages of the test). Test antenna cable 2 ferrite beads Test antenna Signal EUT Attenuator 2 10 d... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.3.2.3 Expanded uncertainty of the receiver sensitivity measurement | The combined uncertainty of the sensitivity measurement is the combination of the components outlined in clauses 7.3.2.1 and 7.3.2.2. The components to be combined are uc contribution from the Transform Factor and uc contribution from the EUT measurement. dB __ __, = 2 2 t measuremen EUT the from on contributi c factor... |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.3.3 Co-channel rejection | This test is normally carried out using a test fixture and as a result has not been considered for the Anechoic Chamber. |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.3.4 Adjacent channel selectivity | This test is normally carried out using a test fixture and as a result has not been considered for the Anechoic Chamber. |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.3.5 Intermodulation immunity | This test is normally carried out using a test fixture and as a result has not been considered for the Anechoic Chamber. |
6c3a390e97be014a092744560f129167 | 102 273-4 | 7.3.6 Spurious response rejection | This test is normally carried out using a test fixture and as a result has not been considered for the Anechoic Chamber. ETSI ETSI TR 102 273-4 V1.2.1 (2001-12) 103 Annex A: Bibliography - "Advanced National certificate mathematics", PEDOE, Hodder and Stoughton Volumes I and II. - "Analysis of trials on Artificial Huma... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 1 Scope | The present document is written as a "Read-me-first" manual or "Getting started with DMR". It is not intended to be a complete guide to the DMR technical specifications. If any conflict is found between the present document and the clauses in the DMR specifications then the technical specifications in ETSI TS 102 361 (... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 2 References | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 2.1 Normative references | Normative references are not applicable in the present document. |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 2.2 Informative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 3.1 Terms | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply: 1:1-mode: 1 payload channel mode NOTE: 1:1-mode supports one "MS to fixed end" duplex call or one simplex call with an optional inbound Reverse Channel using a two frequency BS. 2:1-mode: 2 payload channel mode NOTE: 2:1-mode supports two independent ... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 3.2 Symbols | For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: dBm absolute power level relative to 1 mW, expressed in dB dBp Power relative to the average power transmitted over a burst in decibel e Natural logarithm Eb Energy per bit Hz absolute frequency Nibble 4 bits grouped together ms millisecond No Noise... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 3.3 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: 4FSK Four-level Frequency Shift Keying AI Air Interface ARP Address Resolution Procedure AT Access Type BCD Binary Coded Decimal BCV Broadcast Call Voice BS Base Station NOTE: A reference designating a fixed end device. CACH Common Announcemen... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 4 Overview of DMR | There are three tiers of DMR equipment: • tier I equipment is for the lowest-cost "digital PMR446" application; • tier II is for professional market offering peer-to-peer mode and repeater mode; and • tier III is for trunked operation. DMR tier II and tier III products encompass both simulcast and non-simulcast systems... |
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