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389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
6.2.4 What to record
- A statement of the type of accredited free field test site used. - The value of the measured parameter (effective radiated power, frequency or maximum usable sensitivity) on the accredited free field test site both before and after the inclusion of the test fixture. - The value of the measured parameter (effective ra...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
6.3 Verification procedure
Introduction The measured parameters in a verification procedure for the test fixture associated with a transmitting EUT differ to those for a receiving EUT. Consequently, separate procedures are given, the step numbers for the transmitter verification being preceded by a "T" whereas those for receivers are preceded by...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
6.4 Processing the results of the verification procedure
The only necessary processing of the results is performed during the method of measurement. Specifically, at each stage of the procedure (after Steps T1 and R1) in which a measurement is taken, this is compared to an earlier result. If at each of these stages the new measurement satisfies the stated condition, the proc...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
6.5 Calculation of measurement uncertainty
For the first two measurements of both transmitter and receiver verification procedures, the measurement uncertainty is calculated in the course of the test method (taken from TR 102 273-2 [5], TR 102 273-3 [6] or TR 102 273-4 [7]). Consequently, the various contributory components to the overall uncertainty of these t...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7 Test methods
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.1 Introduction
The following test methods apply to integral antenna devices only i.e. EUTs not fitted with either a permanent or a temporary external antenna connector. The test fixture should be supplied by the manufacturer of the EUT and should enable testing to be performed under extreme test conditions of temperature and/or volta...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.1.1 Site preparation
Prior to any tests in the test fixture, the following preparation should be carried out. Calibration data for all items of test equipment should be available and valid. The calibration data on all RF cables used should include insertion loss and VSWR throughout the entire frequency range of the tests. Where correction ...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.1.2 Preparation of the EUT
The manufacturer should supply information about the EUT covering the operating frequency, polarization, supply voltage(s) and the reference face. Additional information, specific to the type of EUT should include, where relevant, carrier power, channel spacing, whether different operating modes are available (e.g. hig...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.1.3 Power supplies to the EUT
All tests should be performed using power supplies wherever possible, including tests on EUT designed for battery-only use. In all cases, power leads should be connected to the EUTs supply terminals (and monitored with a digital voltmeter) but the battery should remain present, electrically isolated from the rest of th...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2 Transmitter tests
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.1 Frequency error (30 MHz to 1 000 MHz)
Definition The frequency error of a transmitter is the difference between the measured carrier frequency in the absence of modulation and the nominal frequency of the transmitter as stated by the manufacturer.
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.1.1 Apparatus required
- Digital voltmeter. - Ferrite beads. - 10 dB attenuator. - Power supply. - Connecting cables. - Test Fixture. - Climatic facility. - Accredited free field test site. - Frequency counter. ETSI ETSI TR 102 273-6 V1.2.1 (2001-12) 26 The type and serial numbers of all items of test equipment should be recorded in the log ...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.1.2 Method of measurement
1) The measurement should always be performed in the absence of modulation. 2) The test fixture should have been verified for use, with the particular EUT, on an accredited free field test site in accordance with clause 6. Four different measurements of the magnitude of the frequency error should have been taken during...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.1.3 Procedure for completion of the results sheets
There are two values that need to be derived before the overall results sheet (see table 3) can be completed. Firstly the value for frequency error (from a straightforward calculation of recorded frequency minus the nominal frequency) and secondly, the value of the expanded uncertainty for the test which should be calc...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.1.4 Log book entries
Table 2: Log book results sheet FREQUENCY ERROR Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Frequency:................................MHz Free-field test site type:.................. Manufacturer of EUT:............... Type number:…… Serial No:.......................... Test equipment item Type No. Serial No. VSWR Insertion loss Digital voltmet...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.1.5 Statement of results
The results are presented in tabular form as shown in table 3. Table 3: Overall results sheet FREQUENCY ERROR Date: PAGE 1 of 1 T (normal) T (high) T (low) V (normal) V (high) V (low) V (high) V (low) Frequency error Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Expanded uncertainty (95 %) Hz
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.2 Expanded uncertainty for frequency error test
The method of calculating the expanded uncertainty for tests in which signal levels in dB are involved is equally adopted for the frequency error test in which all the uncertainties are in the units of Hz. That is, all the uncertainty contributions are converted into standard uncertainties and combined by the RSS metho...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.3 Effective radiated power (30 MHz to 1 000 MHz)
Definition The effective radiated power is the power radiated in the direction of the maximum field strength under specified conditions of measurement, in the absence of modulation.
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.3.1 Apparatus required
- Digital voltmeter. - Ferrite beads. - 10 dB attenuator. - Power supply. - Connecting cables. - Test Fixture. - Climatic facility. - Accredited free field test site. - Receiving device (measuring receiver or spectrum analyser). The type and serial numbers of all items of test equipment should be recorded in the log bo...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.3.2 Method of measurement
1) The measurement should always be performed in the absence of modulation. 2) The test fixture should have been verified for use, with the particular type of EUT, on an accredited free field test site in accordance with clause 6. Four different measurements of the value of effective radiated power should have been tak...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.3.3 Procedure for the completion of the results sheets
Because the measurement of effective radiated power in a test fixture is a relative measurement with all circuit components remaining present during all the tests, no corrections to measured values are required. However, a calculation does have to be performed within the overall results sheet (see table 6) in order to ...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.3.4 Log book entries
Table 5: Log book results sheet EFFECTIVE RADIATED POWER Date: PAGE 1 of 2 Temperature:.........°°°°C Humidity:...............% Frequency:.............MHz Manufacturer of EUT:..................... Type No:.............. Serial No:.................. Bandwidth of Receiving Device...................Hz Test equipment item ...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.3.5 Statement of results
The results are presented in tabular form as shown in table 6. Table 6: Overall results sheet EFFECTIVE RADIATED POWER Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Temperature/Voltage T(normal) T(high) T(low) V(normal) V(high) V(low) V(high) V(low) Effective radiated power dBm Expanded uncertainty (95 %) dB ETSI ETSI TR 102 273-6 V1.2.1 (2001-12...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.4 Uncertainty for effective radiated power measurement
All the uncertainty contributions for the test are listed in table 7. Table 7: Contributions from the measurement uj or i Description of uncertainty contributions dB uj48 receiving device: linearity uj50 EUT: influence of the ambient temperature on the ERP of the carrier uj53 EUT: influence of setting the power supply ...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.4.1 Expanded uncertainty for Effective radiated power measurement
Tests in a test fixture differ to radiated tests on all other types of site in that there is only one stage to the test. However, to calculate the measurement uncertainty, the test fixture measurement should be considered as stage two of a test in which stage one was on an accredited free field test site. The combined ...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.5 Spurious emissions (30 MHz to 4 GHz or 12,75 GHz)
This test is not carried out in a test fixture.
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.6 Adjacent channel power (30 MHz to 1 000 MHz)
Definition The adjacent channel power is that part of the total power output of a transmitter under defined conditions of modulation, which falls within a specified passband centred on the nominal frequency of either of the adjacent channels. This power is the sum of the mean power produced by the modulation, hum and n...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.6.1 Apparatus required
- Digital voltmeter; - Ferrite beads; - 10 dB attenuator; - Power supply; - Connecting cables; - Test Fixture; ETSI ETSI TR 102 273-6 V1.2.1 (2001-12) 34 - Climatic facility; - Accredited free field test site; - Power measuring receiver (as defined in TR 100 027 [3]). Additional requirements for analogue speech: - AF s...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.6.2 Method of measurement
NOTE 1: In the following test method, an adjacent channel power meter is assumed. For cases in which a spectrum analyser is used, appropriate changes to the method, results and calculations should be made. 1) The test fixture should have been verified for use, with the particular type of EUT, on an accredited free fiel...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.6.3 Procedure for completion of the results sheets
At the end of the test method, the log book results sheet (see table 9) will be complete apart from entries in the 15 "Overall level" cells. These are calculated by adding the received power level to the attenuator setting for the particular frequency of test. NOTE: The attenuator setting is always to be taken as posit...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.6.4 Log book entries
Table 9: Log book results sheet ADJACENT CHANNEL POWER TEST Date: PAGE 1 of 2 Temperature:.........°°°°C Humidity:...............% Frequency:.............MHz Bandwidth of Receiving Device:...................Hz Manufacturer of EUT:..................... Type No:.............. Serial No:.................. Test equipment i...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.6.5 Statement of results
The results are presented in tabular form as shown in table 10. Table 10: Overall results sheet ADJACENT CHANNEL POWER TEST Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Temperature: T(normal) T(high) T(low) Voltage: V(normal) V(high) V(low) V(high) V(low) Adjacent channel power (LOW): dB Adjacent channel power (HIGH): dB Expanded uncertainty (95...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.7 Measurement uncertainty for Adjacent channel power
All the uncertainty contributions for the test are listed in table 11. Table 11: Contributions from the measurement uj or i Description of uncertainty contributions dB uj48 receiving device: linearity uj49 receiving device: power measuring receiver uj50 EUT: influence of the ambient temperature on the ERP of the carrie...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.2.7.1 Expanded uncertainty of the Adjacent channel power measurement
For a relative measurement (dBc) of adjacent channel power, the combined uncertainty, uc, of the measurement is simply the value for uc contributions from the measurement derived above. In this case, the expanded uncertainty is ±1,96 x uc = ± __,__ dB at a 95 % confidence level. For those test Standards that require th...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3 Receiver tests
The tests carried out on receivers can be divided into two categories, namely sensitivity and immunity. Sensitivity tests determine how well a receiver can accept wanted signals in the absence of interference, whereas immunity tests, by involving two or three signal generators, determine the ability of a receiver to ac...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.1 Maximum usable sensitivity (30 MHz to 1 000 MHz)
The receiver output detected in this test depends on the type of information the receiver has been designed to demodulate. There are principally three different types of information: analogue speech, bit stream and messages. Definition For analogue speech: - the maximum usable sensitivity expressed as field strength is...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.1.1 Apparatus required
- Digital voltmeter; - Ferrite beads; - 10 dB attenuator; - Power supply; - Connecting cables; - Test Fixture; - Climatic facility; - Accredited free field test site. Additional requirements for analogue speech: - AF source; - SINAD Meter (incorporating telephone psophometric weighting network); - Acoustic coupler (alt...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.1.2 Method of measurement
1) The test fixture should have been verified for use, with the particular type of EUT, on an accredited free field test site in accordance with clause 6. Four different measurements of the value of maximum usable sensitivity (for the particular modulation type) should have been taken during the verification, each corr...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.1.3 Procedure for the completion of the results sheets
The results taken during the above test method should be processed as follows. Firstly, all the recorded values for the signal generator output power levels (the average level for the case of messages) should be normalized to the value corresponding to normal conditions of temperature and voltage by simple subtraction ...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.1.4 Log book entries
Table 12: Log book results sheet MAXIMUM USABLE SENSITIVITY Date: PAGE 1 of 2 Temperature:.........°°°°C Humidity:...............% Frequency:.............MHz Bandwidth of Receiving Device...................Hz Manufacturer of EUT:..................... Type No:.............. Serial No:.................. Test equipment it...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.1.5 Statement of results
The results should be presented in tabular form as shown in table 13. Table 13: Overall results sheet MAXIMUM USABLE SENSITIVITY Date: PAGE 1 of 1 T(normal) T(high) T(low) V(normal) V(high) V(low) V(high) V(low) Maximum usable sensitivity in the test fixture µV/m Expanded uncertainty (95 %) dB
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.2 Measurement uncertainty for Maximum usable sensitivity
All the uncertainty contributions for the test are listed in table 14. Table 14: Contributions from the measurement uj or i Description of uncertainty contributions dB uj38 signal generator: absolute output level uj39 signal generator: output level stability uj60 Test Fixture: effect on the EUT uj61 Test Fixture: clima...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.2.1 Expanded uncertainty of the maximum usable sensitivity measurement
Tests in a test fixture differ to radiated tests on all other types of site in that there is only one stage to the test. However, to calculate the measurement uncertainty, the Test Fixture measurement should be considered as stage two of a test in which stage one was on an accredited free field test site. The combined ...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.3 Average usable sensitivity
The measurement of average usable sensitivity in a Test Fixture is not possible, since the position of the EUT within the Test Fixture is usually fixed and therefore cannot be rotated to the eight different angles which the averaging process requires.
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.4 Co-channel rejection
Definition The co-channel rejection is a measure of the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted modulated signal at the nominal frequency without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of an unwanted modulated signal also at the nominal frequency. ETSI ETSI TR 102 273-6 V1.2.1 (2001-12) 47 For analogu...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.4.1 Apparatus required
- Digital voltmeter. - Power supply. - Connecting cables. - Ferrite beads. - 10 dB attenuator. - Test Fixture. - Climatic facility. - Accredited free field test site. - Two RF signal generators. - 50 Ω load. - AF source. Additional requirements for analogue speech: - Second AF source. - SINAD meter (incorporating telep...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.4.2 Method of measurement
1) The Test Fixture should have been verified for use, with the particular type of EUT, on an accredited free field test site in accordance with clause 6. Four different measurements of the value of maximum usable sensitivity (for the particular type of data modulation i.e. analogue speech, bit stream or messages) shou...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.4.3 Procedure for completion of the results sheets
Some final calculations need to be made before the overall results sheet (see table 16) can be completed. The first of these calculations derives the difference in levels between the wanted signal and the unwanted signal for the stipulated reception (i.e. 14 dB SINAD for analogue speech, 10-2 bit error ratio for bit st...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.4.4 Log book entries
Table 15: Log book results sheet CO-CHANNEL REJECTION Date: PAGE 1 of 2 Temperature:.........°°°°C Humidity:...............% Frequency:.............MHz Manufacturer of EUT:..................... Type No:.............. Serial No:.................. Test equipment item Type No. Serial No. VSWR Insertion loss Digital voltme...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.4.5 Overall results sheet
The results should be presented in tabular form as shown in table 16. Table 16: Overall results sheet CO-CHANNEL REJECTION Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Co-channel rejection ratio dB Expanded uncertainty (95 %) dB ETSI ETSI TR 102 273-6 V1.2.1 (2001-12) 57
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.5 Measurement uncertainty for Co-channel rejection
All the uncertainty contributions for the test are listed in table 17. Table 17: Contributions from the measurement uj or i Description of uncertainty contributions dB uj60 Test Fixture: effect on the EUT uj61 Test Fixture: climatic facility effect on the EUT ui01 random uncertainty (see note in clause A.18 of TR 102 2...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.5.1 Expanded uncertainty of the co-channel rejection measurement
Tests in a Test Fixture differ to radiated tests on all other types of site in that there is only one stage to the test. However, to calculate the measurement uncertainty, the Test Fixture measurement should be considered as stage two of a test in which stage one was on an accredited free field test site. The combined ...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.6 Adjacent channel selectivity
Definition The adjacent channel selectivity is a measure of the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted modulated signal at the nominal frequency without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of an unwanted modulated signal which differs in frequency from the wanted signal by an amount equal to the a...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.6.1 Apparatus required
- Digital voltmeter; - Ferrite beads; - 10 dB attenuator; - Power supply; - Connecting cables; - Test Fixture; - Climatic facility; - Accredited free field test site; - Two RF signal generators; - 50 Ω load; - AF source. Additional requirements for analogue speech: - 2nd AF source; - SINAD meter (incorporating telephon...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.6.2 Method of measurement
1) The Test Fixture should have been verified for use, with the particular type of EUT, on an accredited free field test site in accordance with clause 6. Four different measurements of the value of maximum usable sensitivity (for the particular type of data modulation i.e. analogue speech, bit stream or messages) shou...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.6.3 Procedure for completion of the results sheets
Some final calculations need to be made before the overall results sheet (see table 19) can be completed. The first of these calculations derives the difference in levels between the wanted signal and the unwanted signal for the stipulated reception (i.e. 14 dB SINAD for analogue speech, 10-2 bit error ratio for bit st...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.6.4 Log book entries
Table 18: Log book results sheet ADJACENT CHANNEL SELECTIVITY Date: PAGE 1 of 2 Temperature:.........°°°°C Humidity:...............% Frequency:.............MHz Manufacturer of EUT:.................. Type No:.............. Serial No:.................. Test equipment item Type No. Serial No. VSWR Insertion loss Digital v...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.6.5 Overall results sheet
The results should be presented in tabular form as shown in table 19. Table 19: Overall results sheet ADJACENT CHANNEL SELECTIVITY Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Adjacent channel selectivity dB Expanded uncertainty (95 %) dB ETSI ETSI TR 102 273-6 V1.2.1 (2001-12) 66
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.7 Measurement uncertainty for adjacent channel selectivity
All the uncertainty contributions for the test are listed in table 20. Table 20: Contributions from the measurement uj or i Description of uncertainty contributions dB uj60 Test Fixture: effect on the EUT uj61 Test Fixture: climatic facility effect on the EUT ui01 random uncertainty (see note in clause A.18 of TR 102 2...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.7.1 Expanded uncertainty of the adjacent channel selectivity measurement
Tests in a Test Fixture differ to radiated tests on all other types of site in that there is only one stage to the test. However, to calculate the measurement uncertainty, the Test Fixture measurement should be considered as stage two of a test in which stage one was on an accredited free field test site. The combined ...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.8 Intermodulation immunity
Definition The intermodulation immunity is a measure of the capability of a receiver to receive a wanted modulated signal at the nominal frequency without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of two or more unwanted signals with a specific frequency relationship to the wanted signal frequency. For analogue...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.8.1 Apparatus required
- Digital voltmeter; - Ferrite beads; - 10 dB attenuator; - Power supply; - Connecting cables; - Test Fixture; - Climatic facility; - Accredited free field test site; - 2 RF combiners; - 3 RF signal generators; - 50 Ω load; - AF source. Additional requirements for analogue speech: - Second AF source; - SINAD meter (inc...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.8.2 Method of measurement
1) The Test Fixture should have been verified for use, with the particular type of EUT, on an accredited free field test site in accordance with clause 6. Four different measurements of the value of maximum usable sensitivity (for the particular type of data modulation i.e. analogue speech, bit stream or messages) shou...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.8.3 Procedure for completion of the results sheets
Some final calculations need to be made before the overall results sheet (see table 22) can be completed. The first of these calculations derives the difference in levels between the wanted signal and the equal amplitude unwanted signals for the stipulated reception (i.e. 14 dB SINAD for analogue speech, 10-2 bit error...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.8.4 Log book entries
Table 21: Log book results sheet INTERMODULATION IMMUNITY Date: PAGE 1 of 2 Temperature:.........°°°°C Humidity:...............% Frequency:.............MHz Manufacturer of EUT:................. Type No:.............. Serial No:.................. Test equipment item Type No. Serial No. VSWR Insertion loss Digital voltme...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.8.5 Overall results sheet
The results should be presented in tabular form as shown in table 22. Table 22: Overall results sheet INTERMODULATION IMMUNITY Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Intermodulation immunity dB Expanded uncertainty (95 %) dB ETSI ETSI TR 102 273-6 V1.2.1 (2001-12) 76
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.9 Measurement uncertainty for Intermodulation immunity
All the uncertainty contributions for the test are listed in table 23. Table 23: Contributions from the measurement uj or i Description of uncertainty contributions dB uj60 Test Fixture: effect on the EUT uj61 Test Fixture: climatic facility effect on the EUT ui01 random uncertainty (see note in clause A.18 of TR 102 2...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.9.1 Expanded uncertainty of the Intermodulation immunity measurement
Tests in a Test Fixture differ to radiated tests on all other types of site in that there is only one stage to the test. However, to calculate the measurement uncertainty, the Test Fixture measurement should be considered as stage two of a test in which stage one was on an accredited free field test site. The combined ...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.10 Blocking immunity (or desensitization)
Definition The blocking immunity (or desensitization) is a measure of the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted modulated signal at the nominal frequency without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of an unwanted unmodulated high level input signal. For analogue speech: - it is specified as the r...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.10.1 Apparatus required
- Digital voltmeter; - Ferrite beads; - 10 dB attenuator; - Power supply; - Connecting cables; - Test Fixture; - Climatic facility; - Accredited free field test site; - Two RF signal generators; - 50 Ω load. Additional requirements for analogue speech: - AF source; - SINAD meter (incorporating telephone psophometric we...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.10.2 Method of measurement
1) The Test Fixture should have been verified for use, with the particular type of EUT, on an accredited free field test site in accordance with clause 6. Four different measurements of the value of maximum usable sensitivity (for the particular type of data modulation i.e. analogue speech, bit stream or messages) shou...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.10.3 Procedure for completion of the results sheets
Some final calculations need to be made before the overall results sheet (see table 25) can be completed. The first of these calculations derives the difference in levels between the wanted signal and the unwanted signal for the stipulated reception (i.e. 14 dB SINAD for analogue speech, 10-2 bit error ratio for bit st...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.10.4 Log book entries
Table 24: Log book results sheet BLOCKING IMMUNITY (OR DESENSITIZATION) Date: PAGE 1 of 2 Temperature:.........°°°°C Humidity:...............% Frequency:.............MHz Manufacturer of EUT:................... Type No:.............. Serial No:.................. Test equipment item Type No. Serial No. VSWR Insertion los...
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.10.5 Overall results sheet
The results should be presented in tabular form as shown in table 25. Table 25: Overall results sheet BLOCKING IMMUNITY (OR DESENSITIZATION) Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Blocking immunity (or desensitization) dB Expanded uncertainty (95 %) dB
389075c18860e0351ee27a1af78d6a3c
102 273-6
7.3.11 Measurement uncertainty for blocking immunity (or desensitization)
All the uncertainty contributions for the test are listed in table 26. Table 26: Contributions from the measurement uj or i Description of uncertainty contributions dB uj60 Test Fixture: climatic facility effect on the EUT uj61 Test Fixture: effect on the EUT ui01 random uncertainty (see note in clause A.18 of TR 102 2...
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7.3.12 Spurious response rejection
This test is not performed at extreme conditions. Therefore the test is not carried out in a Test Fixture. ETSI ETSI TR 102 273-6 V1.2.1 (2001-12) 87 Annex A: Bibliography - "Advanced National certificate mathematics", PEDOE, Hodder and Stoughton Volumes I and II. - "Antenna engineering handbook", R. C. Johnson, H. Jas...
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1 Scope
The present document describes: • a reference test board and TEM cell for EM measurements of smart cards; • EM measurement procedures for smart card using the reference test board and TEM cell; • Sample EM measurements of already existing smart cards.
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2 References
For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR), the following references apply: [1] ISO/IEC 7816-3: "Information technology - Identification cards - Integrated circuit(s) cards with contacts - Part 3: Electronic signals and transmission protocols". [2] ETSI TS 102 221: "Smart cards; UICC-Terminal interface; Physical an...
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3 Definitions and abbreviations
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3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: Answer To Reset (ATR): string of characters sent by the card following a reset sequence card: the smart card, SIM or UICC clock: the clock provided by the terminal to the card external clock (e.c.): which has a sinusoidal shape onboard...
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3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ATR Answer To Reset ATT ATTenuation CLK CLocK signal provided by the terminal to the card e.c. external clock I/O bi-directional communication line between the terminal and the card NL Noise Level ETSI ETSI TR 102 151 V6.0.0 (2003-02) 6 Releas...
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4 Measurement Equipment
For the EMC measurements the following measurement equipment is needed: • SET Board: SIM EMC Test board; There are different variations of SET boards available that are described below. • TEM cell: The needed TEM cell is described below. • Spectrum analyser that allows the measurements within the different test frequen...
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4.1 Description of the SET Boards
The reference SET board is developed with the following features: • Power control. • Special types of plugs for power supply, signal measurements and communication. • Special filters for reduction of external radiation (p-type filters). • 6-layer board symmetrical stack up, TEM cell ground only penetrated by signal via...
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4.2 Schematic of the Mobile-specific Network
Figure 4.2 shows the mobile specific decoupling network on the SET-board that is either located inside or outside the TEM cell. IO GND VCC RST CLK 18p 18p 18p 18p 220n 10k 47 47 47 BAV99S Figure 4.2: Description of the mobile specific network
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4.3 Description of the TEM cell
For mounting the SET board at the TEM cell, a TEM cell from Fischer Custom Communication Inc. Model Nr. FCC - TEM- JM3 for the usage up to 2 000 MHz (U.S. Patent Nr. 543 66 03) is used. ETSI ETSI TR 102 151 V6.0.0 (2003-02) 8 Release 6 Figure 4.3 shows the TEM cell with the SET board. septum 50-ohm termination 50Ohm co...
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5 Measurements
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5.1 List of test frequency
The following test frequency bands are recommended for the EMC measurements: • Band 1 (Low frequency): 1 MHz to 100 MHz. • Band 2 (GSM, EGSM): 800 MHz to 1 000 MHz. • Band 3 (PCN1800, PCN1900, UMTS): 1 700 MHz to 2 200 MHz.
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5.2 Measurement procedure
To allow a correct analysis of the measurement result the following influence have to be checked before analysis of the measurements: • System dependencies: Therefore the spectrum analyser shall perform measurement with a reference resistance of 50 Ω within the test frequency bands. Typically at each individual spectru...
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1 Scope
The present document provides background to the subject of measurement uncertainty and proposes extensions and improvements relevant to radiated measurements. It also details the methods of radiated measurements (test methods for mobile radio equipment parameters and verification procedures for test sites) and addition...
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2 References
For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR), the following references apply: [1] ANSI C63.5 (1988): "Electromagnetic Compatibility-Radiated Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control - Calibration of Antennas". [2] "Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design", 2nd Edition, Constantine A. Balanis (1...
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3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
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3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: accuracy: this term is defined, in relation to the measured value, in clause 4.1.1; it has also been used in the remainder of the document in relation to instruments Audio Frequency (AF) load: normally a resistor of sufficient power ra...
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3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: β 2π/λ (radians/m) γ incidence angle with ground plane (°) λ wavelength (m) φH phase angle of reflection coefficient (°) η 120π Ohms - the intrinsic impedance of free space (Ω) µ permeability (H/m) AFR antenna factor of the receive antenna (dB/m) AF...
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3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AF Audio Frequency BER Bit Error Ratio dB decibel emf electromotive force ERP Effective Radiated Power EUT Equipment Under Test GSM Global System for Mobile telecommunication (Pan European digital telecommunication system) LPDA Log Periodic Di...
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4 Introduction
An Open Area Test Site comprises a turntable at one end and an antenna mast of variable height at the other set above a ground plane which, in the ideal case, is perfectly conducting and of infinite extent. In practice, whilst good conductivity can be achieved, the ground plane size has to be limited. A typical Open Ar...
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5.1 Introduction
Open Area Test Site performance is dependant on many factors such as the size and shape of the ground plane, its surface material and roughness, edge termination, dielectric coverings, environmental conditions, weather protection, the size of the EUT, the type of test being carried out, the required frequency range, et...
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5.2 Ground plane
A conducting ground plane should be made from metals preferably of a non ferrous nature such as copper or aluminium. It does not have to be constructed of solid sheet but can be perforated metal, welded mesh, metal gratings, etc., but wherever a gap or a void occurs within the screen, it should not measure more than λ/...
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5.2.1 Coatings
Where thick dielectric coatings have been applied to a metal ground plane e.g. asphalt, gravel, concrete, etc.; or where a layer of snow has fallen, the nature of the reflection can be significantly changed, particularly for vertical polarization. This effect is illustrated in figure 3 where the patterns above ground o...
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5.2.2 Reflections from the ground plane
Far from a perfectly conducting ground plane, at a distance sufficient to make the difference between the direct and reflected path lengths negligible and the direct and reflected waves appear parallel to each other, the amplitude of the reflected wave is equal to the amplitude of the direct wave. When these two waves ...
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5.2.3 Mutual coupling between antennas and in the ground plane
Mutual coupling is the mechanism which produces changes in the electrical behaviour of an EUT (or antenna) when placed close to a conducting surface, another antenna, etc. The changes can include detuning, gain variation and distortion of the radiation pattern. To illustrate the effects of mutual coupling to the ground...