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a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 5 Over-the-Air Protocol Summary | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 5.0 General | The DMR over-the-air protocol from ETSI provides professional users in both the conventional (both single-site and multi-site) and systems (trunking or multi-site operation as examples) markets with the DMR protocol that has the following key characteristics over and above the existing feature and facility set the user... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 5.1 Over-the-Air Protocol Description | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 5.1.0 General | The DMR protocol is built around a 30 ms slot structure with a 50 % duty cycle. In the spaces between the transmitted blocks the protocol calls for the unit to be receiving. This therefore allows signalling and/or voice in the reverse direction even during a conversation. The perception of the user will be that this un... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 5.1.1 Signalling Advantages | Because of the rapid forward and reverse nature of the protocol, duplex operation in the time domain is possible and also signalling interchanges with an interchange latency of 60 ms (cycle-time). In addition to this, the ability to test voice at either end in this rapid manner gives the possibility for an excellent VO... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 5.1.2 6,25 kHz Equivalence | As there is no restriction on what happens in neither each slot nor any interrelation between them (other than the need to maintain time synchronicity), it is therefore possible to have two entirely separate conversations at the same time from two different units. By this means it is possible that two simplex calls can... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 5.1.3 The Vocoder | In order to achieve interoperability between units from different suppliers, the same vocoder or a completely compatible vocoder will have to be used. In order to avoid undue restrictions being placed on suppliers and thus limiting the markets that they may choose to address, it has been agreed not to specify any parti... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 5.1.4 Radiated Power and Range | Digital coding allows significantly improved recovery of the wanted signal in the presence of noise. This coding gain is often used to provide better absolute range. However, to apply this in this case would have severe impact on the frequency re-use and interference potential in the land mobile radio bands. Therefore,... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 5.2 Frequency Considerations | DMR tier I is a digital PMR radio that is designed to operate within the channel rasters or spacing (compliant with ETSI EN 300 113 [i.5] and ETSI EN 300 390[i.7] operating on 12,5 kHz channels) used in land mobile frequency bands in worldwide in accordance with national regulations. DMR can be used under CEPT ECC Deci... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 5.3 DMR Burst and Frame Structure | The generic burst structure consists of two 108-bit payload fields and a 48-bit synchronization or signalling field as illustrated in figure 5.4. Each burst has a total length of 30 ms but 27,5 ms are used for the 264 bits content, which is sufficient to carry 60 ms of compressed speech, using 216 bits payload. Figure ... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 5.4 Frame Synchronization | Frame SYNChronization (SYNC) is provided by a special sequence of bits that mark the location of the centre of a TDMA burst. Receivers may use a matched filter to achieve initial synchronization, using the output of a matched correlator to initialize the symbol recovery parameters to compensate for frequency and deviat... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 5.5 Basic Channel Types | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 5.5.1 Traffic Channel with CACH | The traffic channel with CACH is illustrated in figure 5.9. This channel type is used for outbound transmissions from a two frequency BS to a MS. The channel consists of two TDMA traffic channels (channels 1 and 2) as well as a CACH for channel numbering, channel access, and low speed data. This channel is transmitted ... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 5.5.2 Traffic Channel with Guard Time | The traffic channel with guard time is illustrated in figure 5.10. This channel type is used for inbound transmissions from a MS to a two frequency BS (see note) and for TDMA direct mode transmissions. The channel consists of two TDMA traffic channels (channels 1 and 2) separated by a guard time to allow PA ramping and... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 5.5.3 Bi-directional Channel | The bi-directional channel is illustrated in figure 5.11. This channel type is used for direct mode communication between MS units. The channel consists of a Forward and a Backward TDMA traffic channels on the same frequency separated by guard times. Three use cases are illustrated for this channel type: • Use Case 1: ... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 5.5.4 Direct Mode with Continuous Transmission | An example of continuous transmission for voice is illustrated in figure 5.12. This example shows a call initiated on the RF channel using a Link Control (LC) header. Figure 5.12: Continuous Transmission Mode for Voice An example of continuous transmission for data is illustrated in figure 5.13. This example shows a da... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 5.5.5 TDMA Direct Mode Timing | Figure 5.14 illustrates an example timing diagram for TDMA direct mode traffic. In this example, the MS transmits on timeslot 2, which is one of the two TDMA logical channels. Figure 5.14: TDMA Direct Mode Timing |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 5.6 Channel access | DMR tier II and tier III products use channel access rules and procedures that MS units use to conform to when transmitting both on two frequency BS and single frequency (bi-directional) channels. These channel access accommodate different levels of MS "politeness" (e.g. Listen Before Transmit (LBT)) and take account o... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 6 DMR Services | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 6.0 General | The purpose of this clause is to provide the list of the services, network procedures and features implemented by the DMR specification. The presentation of DMR services for different tiers follows the division of the telecommunication services into bearer services, tele-services and supplementary services as widely us... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 6.1 DMR Services Overview | Table 6.1 contains the services that are defined by the DMR specifications for tiers I and II. Clause 8.2 contains a similar table (table 8.1) for DMR tier III services. ETSI ETSI TR 102 398 V1.5.1 (2023-11) 30 Table 6.1: DMR Tier I and II Services Overview Services Supplementary services Voice Individual Call Late Ent... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 6.2 Description of Voice Services | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 6.2.1 Individual Call Service | The Individual Call service provides voice service between one individual user and another individual user. The Individual Call facility is initiated at the user level by selecting the desired individual via a predefined selection procedure (see note) and then activating a mechanism, such as pressing the PTT button. NO... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 6.2.2 Group Call Service | The Group Call service provides voice call service between one individual user and a predetermined group of users. All parties in the group can hear each other. The Group Call is initiated at the user level by selecting the desired group via a predefined selection procedure (see note) and then activating a mechanism to... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 6.2.3 Unaddressed Voice Call Service | The Unaddressed Voice Call is a group voice call that uses one of a set of defined destination addresses as defined in annex A of ETSI TS 102 361-1 [i.1]. One of these addresses is the default Unaddressed Voice Call address. Usage of the other Unaddressed Voice Call addresses is not part of the DMR specification. ETSI ... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 6.2.4 All Call Voice Service | The All Call Voice (ACV) service provides a one-way voice call from any user to all users within the same system. Due to the large target audience, there is no call hangtime associated with this call in repeater mode. This effectively ends the call at the end of the transmission. Ending the call at the end of transmiss... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 6.2.5 Broadcast Call Voice Service | The Broadcast Call Voice (BCV) service provides a one-way voice call from any user to a predetermined large group of users. Due to the large target audience, there is no call hangtime associated with this call in repeater mode. This effectively ends the call at the end of the transmission. Ending the call at the end of... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 6.3 Description of Data Services | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 6.3.1 IP over PDP | The DMR specification supports the following network layer protocol: • Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). IPv4 provides a connectionless, best-effort datagram delivery between two service access points. IPv4 protocol is called on by host-to-host protocols (e.g. TCP, UDP) in an internet environment. IPv4 calls on Air I... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 6.3.2 Short Data Services over PDP | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 6.3.2.0 General | The Short Data Service (SDS) over PDP is a mechanism to transmit Short Data messages from a DMR entity to other DMR entity(ies). The transmission may be confirmed or unconfirmed. Depending on the FEC (rate ½ or rate ¾) and unconfirmed/confirmed DLL bearer service, the mechanism is able to transmit up to 1 130 bytes (18... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 6.3.2.1 Short Data over PDP - Status/Precoded | Short Data over PDP - Status/Precoded service is the transmission of a status/precoded message from a DMR entity to other DMR entity(ies). This service permits a code to be sent over the air whose meaning is known by all the other parties. Usually there is a lookup table stored in each DMR entity that contains the mapp... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 6.3.2.2 Short Data over PDP - Raw Data | Raw Data is the transmission of a small quantity of data among applications running on DMR entities that leaves the management of the format of the transmitted data to the applications themselves. The DMR DLL provides the transmission of data between a Source Port and a Destination Port of the DMR entities as specified... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 6.3.2.3 Short Data over PDP - Defined Data | Defined Data is the transmission of a small quantity of data among DMR entities with a predefined data format as illustrated in clause 7. |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 6.3.3 Data Services using the Alternate Control Channel Slot (TSCCAS) | The TSCCAS provides a polling and data transfer facility using the alternate control channel slot. A MS is able to listen to this alternate slot while active on the control channel used for individual call facilities. |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 7 DMR Data Services | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 7.0 General | The purpose of this clause is to provide an overview of the DMR framework that supports data capabilities for the DMR standard. DMR tier I and tier II use the PDP for unconfirmed and confirmed data, and short data. DMR tier III is also able to use PDP for unconfirmed and confirmed data on the payload channel but, trunk... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 7.1 The Packet Data Protocol (PDP) | The Packet Data Protocol defined in the present document is called the "default Packet Data Protocol". There is a possibility in the DMR standard which allows manufacturers to define and implement "private" feature sets which contains additional "private" signalling, which may possibly not be understood by products not... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 7.2 Internet Protocol over PDP | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 7.2.0 General | The DMR standard supports the following network layer protocol: • Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). NOTE: For detailed description refer to IETF RFC 791 [i.20]. IPv4 provides a connectionless, best-effort datagram delivery between two service access points. IPv4 protocol is called on by host-to-host protocols (e.g. T... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 7.2.1 IPv6 Transport over PDP | This clause shows some strategies and gives some references on how IPv6 packets can be transported on the DMR Packet Data Protocol that is tailored to transport IPv4 packets. In order to have the possibility to transport IPv6 packets over the DMR Packet Data Protocol two strategies are possible: • map the IPv6 packet d... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 7.3 Short Data Services over PDP | This clause describes the mechanism to transmit Short Data messages from a DMR entity to other DMR entity(ies). The transmission may be confirmed or unconfirmed. Depending on the service requested to the layer 2 DMR PDP, the mechanism is able to transmit up to 1 130 bytes. The SDS over PDP layer 3 protocol requests the... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8 Trunking (DMR tier III) | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.0 General | The tier III DMR standard has been developed to provide low complexity trunking for voice and data traffic at a cost that encourages wide adoption in traditional PMR markets. The DMR specification is able to support trunked radio networks that range from a simple system using only one 12,5 kHz physical radio channel to... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.1 Introduction | One primary objective of the tier III standard is to provide for interoperability (at the Air Interface) between equipment of different origin. The protocol offers a broad range of system and user facilities. However, it is not necessary to implement all of the facilities available; an appropriate subset of the protoco... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.2 Feature set | Table 8.1 contains the services that are defined by the specifications for DMR tier III. Table 8.1: DMR Tier III Services Overview Services Supplementary Services Voice Initiate Random Access Group Call Late Entry All Call Broadcast Call Unaddressed Call Call to line PABX/PSTN Caller Alert Priority Call Emergency Call ... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.3 Single Site/Wide Area | Many of the conventional operations such as selection of the physical radio channel are automated by this protocol: a) A single radio site trunked network is characterized by multiple MS communicating with a single Trunked Station (TS). b) A wide area trunked network is characterized by multiple MS communicating with a... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.4 MS Location and Registration | A wide area tier III network uses multiple interconnected radio sites. MS are configured with a list of physical radio channels that are transmitting control channel information (TSCCs). The system is able to assist MSs by broadcasting information about adjacent radio sites and permitting MSs to sample their signal qua... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.5 Power Save | MS using power save typically consume much less energy. The technique employed in tier III systems allows MS to turn off most of its receiver functions at recurring intervals. While the MS is sleeping it can significantly reduce its energy consumption. However the trade-off is that when a MS is sleeps, it cannot detect... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.6 Security Features | The DMR air interface security services enable a TSCC to authenticate an MS using the standard RC4 algorithm. If the TSCC wishes to authenticate a MS, the TSCC sends a random number in a PDU (the challenge). The MS calculates the response to the challenge, using a 56 bit authentication key programmed into each MS durin... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.7 MS Management from the System | MS may be temporarily or permanently denied access to tier III services using the stun or the kill mechanism. If a MS has been disabled by a stun procedure, the MS may not request nor receive any user initiated services on the network that performed the procedure. However hunting and registration, authentication, stun/... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.8 Physical Link Organization | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.8.0 General | This protocol makes use of the physical layer 1 prescribed in ETSI TS 102 361-1 [i.1] DMR Air Interface. ETSI ETSI TR 102 398 V1.5.1 (2023-11) 41 |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.8.1 Radio Frequency Allocation | The tier III protocol supports a number of different physical channel strategies to accommodate operation in radio channels that may be dedicated, in blocks or allocated arbitrarily. Physical radio channels may be specified by either: a) a logical channel plan whereby a transmitter and receiver frequency is mapped to a... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.8.2 Colour Code | A Colour Code (CC) is present in the supplementary signalling field and general data burst to provide a simple means of distinguishing overlapping radio sites, in order to detect co-channel interference. Tier III systems assign the physical channels automatically therefore the MS and TS should know and be in agreement ... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.9 Data Transport | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.9.0 Introduction to Data Transport | A Tier III network supports a wide range of services. To support these services, the transporting of data between network entities (MS/TS) is a very common necessity. A TierIII network supporta the Unified Data Transport (UDT) mechanism and a Unified Single Block Data Polling Service (USBD). |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.9.1 Unified Data Transport mechanism (UDT) | Although the tier III protocol supports data as a primary service, a network may need to transport supplementary data to support other services such as voices services, registration and authentication. (For example when a MS dials a PABX or PSTN destination, the dialled digits are uploaded to the TSCC). Whether the dat... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.9.2 USBD Data Polling Service | The Unified Single Block Data Polling Service enables data to be polled from an MS on either the TSCC or the TSCCAS. Up to 68 bits of data may be transported from an MS in the Poll Response PDU. The Poll Request PDU is capable of sending the polled MS up to 48 bits of data. Figure 8.2: Example of a Number of MSs being ... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.10 Tier III Frame Structure | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.10.0 General | 8. |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 10.0 General | The tier III protocol is based on the 2-slot TDMA structure described in ETSI TS 102 361-1 [i.1], clause 4.2. The logical channels are separated into two categories: • a control channel carrying signalling (TSCC); and • payload channels carrying speech or data information. Recipient of message AL Aloha TSCC Alternate T... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.10.1 TSCC Structure | A generalized diagram of exchanges between the TSCC and MS is illustrated in figure 8.3 where the slots for the two TDMA physical channels are illustrated. Figure 8.3: Key Points for a Tier III TSCC While the TSCC is keyed up, the two outbound logical channels are continuously transmitted, even if there is no informati... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.10.2 Payload Channel Structure | The payload channel structure is described in ETSI TS 102 361-1 [i.1] and illustrated in figure 8.4. This channel type is used for outbound transmissions from a two frequency payload channel to a MS. The channel consists of two TDMA traffic channels (channels 1 and 2) as well as a CACH for channel numbering, channel ac... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.10.3 Random Access | Random access is the only access method permitted for MS on a fully regulated TSCC. This is a system where a control channel is continuously transmitted. TSCC Outbound MS Inbound A B 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 C D CACH AT ETSI ETSI TR 102 398 V1.5.1 (2023-11) 44 For a tier III system employing ... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.11 Tier III User Services | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.11.0 General | A DMR tier III network can allocate resources for a range of services including individual call, talkgroup call, line connected call, and a selection of data services. Calls to talkgroups may be restricted by the Network to a single radio site or connected to a multiplicity of radio sites. The particular sites involved... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.11.1 MS Initiating Calls | A MS may initiate a call to any of the following called parties: a) an individual MS; b) a line-connected terminal device including a PABX extension, PSTN destination or IP destination; c) a talkgroup, or all MSs in the system. The system is able to reject (by sending a response that refuses the service) any calls that... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.11.2 MS Receiving Calls | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.11.2.0 General | Incoming calls may be addressed to the MS individually or to one of its talkgroups. A MS may receive calls from a MS or line connected terminal device (Such a device may be a PABX extension, the PSTN, or an IP device). For a call from an MS, the calling address is supplied to the called unit. For a call from certain li... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.11.2.1 MS Receiving Individual Calls | A MS may refuse to accept all incoming calls, or incoming calls could be refused selectively, depending on the source of the call. If an MS user does not wish to proceed with an incoming call immediately, the user can indicate that the call will be returned (for example by means of a "will call-back" control). |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.11.2.2 MS Receiving Calls to Talkgroups | A MS may be a member of an arbitrary number of talkgroups. An MS may be configured such that it may selectively accept or ignore a call to one if its talkgroup memberships. An MS may also be configured to ignore a call to one of its talkgroup memberships if it is waiting for an individual call. |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.11.3 Some Examples of Tier III Calls | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.11.3.0 General | The following four clauses illustrate the exchange of PDUs between MS and TS for a selection of call types from the standard. |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.11.3.1 An individual MS/MS Voice Call Example | NOTE: Two MS, MS(A) and MS(B) are active listening to the TSCC. MS(A) requests a voice service to MS(B). Before a payload channel is assigned on the TSCC, the system checks that the MS(B) is in radio contact and wishes to accept the call. If MS(B) sends a positive acknowledgement response (indicating that MS(B) will ac... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.11.3.2 An MS Calls a Talkgroup Example | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.11.3.2.0 General | For a talkgroup call, the intermediate step of checking if MS(B) is in radio contact is not required so the best case performance for a tier III talkgroup call is 90 ms. Figure 8.6: Talkgroup Call Set-up Example - TSCC Messages TDMA Ch 2 - Payload Channel TDMA Ch 1 - Idle Messages TDMA Ch 1 TDMA Ch 1 PAYLOAD C 2 ALOHA ... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.11.3.2.1 Talkgroup Subscription and Attachment | 8.11.3.2.1.0 General Talkgroup Subscription and Talkgroup Attachment allow an MS to inform the TSCC of a particular talkgroup of interest. These facilities may be requested by MS during the registration process. 8.11.3.2.1.1 Talkgroup Subscription Talkgroup Subscription allows an MS to inform the TSCC of a particular t... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.11.3.3 A Call to the PSTN (PABX) Example | In order for the MS to make a call to the PSTN (or PABX) the destination address (i.e. the dialling digits) cannot be accommodated in the random access call request. The tier III protocol uses a multi-part call set-up that has an extra step whereby the TSCC asks the calling MS for the dialled digits. The MS uses the UD... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.11.3.4 A UDT Short Data Call Example | The UDT short data message service enables data to be transmitted between DMR entities using only the control channel (TSCC) in a number of formats including binary, BCD, 7 bit text, 8 bit characters, IEC 61162-1 [i.13], Unicode [i.18], IP, and manufacturer specific proprietary formats. The UDT short data message proce... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.12 The Use of the CACH | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.12.0 General | The Short LC contains 3 octets of data that is able to transmit SYStem parameters in the CACH (see ETSI TS 102 361-1 [i.1], clause 7.1.4). Tier III systems that have any one of the logical channels configured as a TSCC continuously or periodically transmit system information to broadcast three parameters particular to ... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.12.1 System Identity Code Subset | Tier III radio sites are identified by the SYScode. Within a particular network each radio site is allocated a different SYScode. MS use this information when moving between radio sites to determine if they need to register. |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.12.2 Reg Bit | The Reg information element carries a flag that specifies if this particular system is a registering system. The Reg is also carried in the Aloha CSBK PDU. AL Aloha AH Ahoy H Head for Appended Data Appended Data AK Ack Response R Random Access RQ AD Recipient of message AL M=24 Aloha M=24 Address=NULL AL AH H AL AK AK ... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 8.12.3 Common Slot Counter | 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Interleavers + CRC Short LC (28) Interleavers + CRC Interleavers + CRC Interleavers + CRC Short LC (28) Short LC (28) TACT TACT TACT TACT TACT TACT TACT TACT TACT TACT TACT TACT TACT TACT TACT TACT Short LC (28) SLCO(4) (00102) MODEL+NET+SITE+Reg (15) Common Slot Counter Common Slot Coun... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 9 Numbering and Dialling Plan | It is recognized that manufacturers of MSs will wish to exercise design independence in their products and, accordingly, numbering and dialling plans are optional. However, to ensure interoperability between different manufacturers MS, each MS is capable of calling all valid IDs within the DMR addressing range. The ful... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 10 Network Design and Management | 10.0 General MS may be used in a peer-to-peer environment without any service provision. However, a PMR two-way radio type of service may be provided through a repeater either self-provided or by a third-party Network Operator. Clauses 10.1 to 10.4 are only applicable to DMR tier III networks. Clauses 10.5 to 10.7 are ... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 10.1 General Issues for DMR Tier III Networks | The costs of building and maintaining a wide area DMR tier III network is a significant factor because it is the basis of the operator's business case. It is not possible to fabricate efficient cost effective and reliable networks without careful advance planning. The design of a mobile radio network is a complex proce... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 10.2 Network Design Process | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 10.2.1 Performance Analysis | |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 10.2.1.0 General | When designing a DMR tier III system the number of logical payload channels and the desired mean holding time and the behaviour of MS, affect the grade of service that will be experienced by users during the busy period (sometimes known as the busy hour). |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 10.2.1.1 Grade of Service | Grade of Service is a measure of system congestion, which is where immediate establishment of the call service requested is impossible due to temporary unavailability of a communication channel. A blocking type system is typical of telephony. If users place calls when all channels are occupied, the call is refused and ... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 10.2.1.2 Channel Hold Time | When a call (for which a payload channel is assigned) is set up, the payload channel remains engaged by the users for the duration of the call. In lightly loaded systems the channel hold time has little effect, but as a system becomes more heavily loaded, holding times affect the grade of service. DMR tier III systems ... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 10.2.1.3 Performance Results | A rigorous analysis and simulations is given in MPT1318 [i.10]. Table 10.1 shows the traffic loads, number of MS and mean queuing times for 5, 10 and 20 logical payload channel systems. NOTE 1: It should be remembered that one physical 12,5 kHz radio channel supports two DMR logical channels. The table is calculated fo... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 10.2.2 Traffic Estimate | The starting point of any design process is the estimate of the MS traffic that is offered to the network. The range of services (voice/data, etc.), the frequency of requests, the duration of calls and the minimum grade of service are the common variables that should be considered. Additionally, the number of subscribe... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 10.2.3 Network Radio Environment | A parallel operation is the investigation of the radio propagation environment in the region where the network will be placed. Fortunately the propagation of DMR radio signals is very similar to that of FM 12,5 kHz conventional channels, therefore any project that reuses these channels will most likely enjoy a similar ... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 10.3 Network Management | Network management provides a distributed application enabling monitoring and control of network resources, in order to control and monitor the system. DMR does not specify system implementation that include but are not limited to network management, vocoder, security, data, subsystems interfaces and data between priva... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 10.4 Features | It is important to be able to monitor and control all elements in a network to maximize its effectiveness. Network management covers all activities concerned with monitoring and controlling a network e.g. planning, building, expanding, operating and making the most efficient use of the available resources. The typical ... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 10.5 General Recommendations (for all DMR Tiers) | Manufacturers who develop management systems need to be flexible to provide system that will satisfy the myriad of differing environments that DMR may be required to support. Given the sophistication and growth of services, an adaptable system environment has to be established in order to: • enable rapid service deploy... |
a62c68d15ce4c027189da2dda721d00c | 102 398 | 10.6 Using Network Management as a Tool (all DMR Tiers) | Management tools provide the ability to take raw information from a managed system and convert that information into an understandable form suitable for the person using it. A network management terminal is capable of representing operation of the network in a form which reflects differing user functions and their part... |
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