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7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 6.3.4 Call Waiting Tone | Taking into consideration the harmonization of analogue TE throughout the European Union based upon TBR 021 [27], the recommended values for Call Waiting Tone are those specified in ES 201 970 [6] and are shown in annex A: table A.9 under group A. |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 7 Ringing | |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 7.1 General | Reference should generally be made to TR 101 183 [9], TR 101 768 [10], TR 101 959 [24] and ES 201 970 [6]. The intention of this clause is simply to identify the variables related to the parameters that would need to be supported within a NGN. |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 7.2 Basic Ringing Signals | Guidance on the generation of ringing signals may be found in TR 101 768 [10]. Guidance on ringing without DC may be found in TR 101 959 [24]. Electrical characteristics of the ringing drive capability (i.e. ring frequency and voltage) and the nominal cadence of a basic ringing signal are given in ES 201 970 [6]. Refer... |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 7.3 Additional Ringing Signals | Additional ringing signals vary from the basic ringing signal in the cadence given, in order to provide distinctive ringing. Again, the cadence used varies between countries. Refer to TR 101 183 [9] and TR 101 959 [24] for more details. It may be appropriate to ensure that automatic answering equipment can be programme... |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 8 Dialling | |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 8.1 DTMF Dialling | DTMF dialling is the preferred method of address signalling. ES 201 235-1 [20] specifies the basic characteristics for DTMF signalling, such as the assignment of codes to frequency pairs. ES 201 235-2 [21] specifies the characteristics of DTMF transmitters in the terminal equipment. ES 201 235-3 [22] specifies the char... |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 8.2 Loop Disconnect (Pulse) Dialling | Loop Disconnect dialling is an older signalling system still in widespread use. ES 201 187 [19] specifies the characteristics of terminal equipment that implements Loop Disconnect dialling. DTMF is generally preferred to Loop Disconnect, both because the address information is sent more quickly, and also because DTMF c... |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 8.3 Other Dialling Systems | While analogue interfaces have been developed in the past that use a variety of other signalling systems for communicating address information, none is now in widespread use on ordinary subscriber interfaces to the PSTN. |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 9 Supplementary Services | |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 9.1 General | A variety of signalling is required to support calling features such as: • Advice of Charge; • Call Back; • Call Waiting; • Cancel Call Waiting; • Call Forwarding (no-answer, busy, variable); • Three-way Calling (3PTY); • Voice mail Message Waiting Indicator; ETSI ETSI TR 101 973-2 V1.1.1 (2002-12) 22 • Calling Number ... |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 9.2 Signalling mechanisms supporting Supplementary Services | |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 9.2.1 General | There are several signalling mechanisms that can be used to support supplementary services, many of these mechanisms have standardized codes associated. Different mechanisms are needed depending on the nature of the service provided. These include the following: • DTMF signalling in the active state of the call (end-to... |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 9.2.2 DTMF signalling | DTMF signalling can be used in the loop state to activate or deactivate supplementary services, such as activating Call Forward and specifying the forwarded number. It can also be used in association with Register Recall during an active call, to invoke a conference connection. Or simply to issue commands to voice mail... |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 9.2.3 Register Recall (RR) | Register Recall (also known as timed-break recall) occurs when the TE makes a break in the loop current of a duration generally in the range 90 ms to 120 ms. ES 201 729 [39] specifies the characteristics of the Register Recall signal. Register recall is used to alert the network equipment that a supplementary service i... |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 9.2.4 Additional signalling in the loop state | Additional signalling in the loop state is sometimes necessary to provide additional services. Out-of-band signalling is sometimes necessary to communicate information during a call without disrupting the voice path. The most common example is metering, where meter pulses using 12 kHz or 16 kHz signals are used. See ES... |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 9.2.5 Signalling in the quiescent state | Signalling in the quiescent state (also known as on-hook signalling) is used to transmit information not associated with a call (e.g. message services or message waiting indication) or information associated with the call, but prior to the call being answered (e.g. CLIP). EN 300 659-1 [13] and ES 200 778-1 [16] specify... |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 9.2.6 Distinctive Ringing | Distinctive Ringing can be used to indicate that a supplementary service is associated with an incoming call. See clause 7.3 for more details. Refer also to TR 101 183 [9] for a list of the variations. |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 9.2.7 Additional Supervisory Tones from the Network | Additional supervisory tones can be generated by the network for a variety of purposes associated with supplementary services. Supervisory tones can either be sent during an active call (such as Call Waiting tone) to indicate the availability of a supplementary service, or as an acknowledgement of a command from the te... |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 9.2.8 Polarity Reversal | Simple signalling conditions can be indicated by the network in the form of polarity reversal on the loop state or quiescent state. For instance, Message Waiting Indication could be implemented by a polarity reversal in the quiescent state. ETSI ETSI TR 101 973-2 V1.1.1 (2002-12) 24 |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 9.2.9 Short Message Service (SMS) | The ETSI SMS assumes that both the sending and receiving terminal equipment (TE) have appropriate capabilities to send, receive, store, display and delete short messages. The SMS can be realized in two ways: • either a User Based Solution (UBS) (refer to ES 201 912 [42]) using the basic call procedures; or • a Network ... |
7e5b32671f65f6457d40f06966f2fe94 | 101 973-2 | 10 Presentation of Network Termination Point | The recommended harmonized arrangement for the presentation of the NTP to analogue TE is as a socket, as specified in ES 201 970 [6], clause 5 option 2 (TBR 021 [27]). A variety of national presentations can be found in EN 300 001 [38]. ETSI ETSI TR 101 973-2 V1.1.1 (2002-12) 25 Annex A: Network Tones This annex studie... |
e2c6c6ee99804aba4db3b389dbed3efe | 101 973-1 | 1 Scope | The present document belongs to a set of documents which describes the functional technical characteristics supported by PSTNs across the wider European market, in order to provide guidance to developers of broadband equipment (e.g. IPCablecom MTA, FWA subscriber units) that support either PSTN analogue or ISDN termina... |
e2c6c6ee99804aba4db3b389dbed3efe | 101 973-1 | 2 References | For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR), the following references apply: [1] ETSI EN 300 001: "Attachments to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN); General technical requirements for equipment connected to an analogue subscriber interface in the PSTN ". [2] ETSI ES 201 970: "Access and Terminals (AT); Pu... |
e2c6c6ee99804aba4db3b389dbed3efe | 101 973-1 | 3 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: 3PTY Three ParTY service AA Abbreviated Address AC Automatic Call back ACC Account Card Calling ACCS Automatic Credit Card Service ACR Anonymous Call Rejection ADS ADdress Screening AN Access Network AoC Advice of Charge AoC-D Advice of Charge... |
e2c6c6ee99804aba4db3b389dbed3efe | 101 973-1 | 4 Overview | |
e2c6c6ee99804aba4db3b389dbed3efe | 101 973-1 | 4.1 General Objectives | The general objectives of the study, and reflected in TR 101 973-2 [40] and TR 101 973-3 [41], was to: 1) Identify the various signalling aspects appropriate for supporting 2-wire analogue PSTN terminals in both OFF Hook and ON Hook state. 2) In the geographical study area, for legacy analogue TE: a) Identify the vario... |
e2c6c6ee99804aba4db3b389dbed3efe | 101 973-1 | 4.2 Geographical study area | The present TR 101 973 series reflects the first phase study of European Union member states and other such information as is available from other non-EU countries. However, these non-EU countries may be subject to a later study. It is intended that the countries identified in table 1 be captured within the scope of th... |
e2c6c6ee99804aba4db3b389dbed3efe | 101 973-1 | 5 Access Network | EN 300 001 [1] provides a historical overview of the general technical requirements for equipment to be connected to an analogue subscriber interface in the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network); i.e. it gives requirements that terminal equipment had to satisfy at the UNI. The current harmonized specification of an ... |
e2c6c6ee99804aba4db3b389dbed3efe | 101 973-1 | 6 Examples of legacy terminal equipment | |
e2c6c6ee99804aba4db3b389dbed3efe | 101 973-1 | 6.1 Analogue PSTN terminal equipment | This is an informal market presentation of generic terminal (non-exhaustive list). Table 2: Example list of analogue terminal equipment types Equipment type Description PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange, a telephone exchange normally serving a business, allowing calls to be made between connected telephones withou... |
e2c6c6ee99804aba4db3b389dbed3efe | 101 973-1 | 6.2 ISDN Terminal Equipment | This is an informal market presentation of generic terminal (non-exhaustive list). Table 3: Example List of ISDN Terminal Equipment Types Equipment Type Description PBX Private Branch eXchange, a telephone exchange normally serving a business, allowing calls to be made between connected telephones without passing throu... |
e2c6c6ee99804aba4db3b389dbed3efe | 101 973-1 | 7 Features and functionality summary | |
e2c6c6ee99804aba4db3b389dbed3efe | 101 973-1 | 7.1 Enhanced network functions | In some cases, Enhanced network functions (e.g. supplementary services and SMS) will require a variety of additional signalling arrangements beyond those necessary for a basic call. Currently the majority of the service descriptions produced that are available within ETSI relate to ISDN, however, these may be of use wh... |
e2c6c6ee99804aba4db3b389dbed3efe | 101 973-1 | 8 Supplementary Services | |
e2c6c6ee99804aba4db3b389dbed3efe | 101 973-1 | 8.1 General | A variety of signalling is required to support calling features such as: • Advice of Charge; • Call Back; • Call Waiting; • Cancel Call Waiting; • Call Forwarding (no-answer, busy, variable); • Three-way Calling (3PTY); ETSI ETSI TR 101 973-1 V1.1.1 (2002-12) 18 • Voice mail Message Waiting Indicator; • Calling Number ... |
bf25d940e9155d067fce651fe2e65a03 | 102 021-10 | 1 Scope | The present document provides the User Requirement Specifications for the TETRA Local Mode Broadband. To improve TETRA on-site communication capabilities, the LMB aims at allowing the intervention teams to dynamically deploy an ad-hoc wireless network within the incident area, supporting voice, video and data communica... |
bf25d940e9155d067fce651fe2e65a03 | 102 021-10 | 2 References | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which ar... |
bf25d940e9155d067fce651fe2e65a03 | 102 021-10 | 2.1 Normative references | The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. |
bf25d940e9155d067fce651fe2e65a03 | 102 021-10 | 2.2 Informative references | The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] ETSI TR 102 621: "Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); TWC2007 Future of TETRA workshop report". |
bf25d940e9155d067fce651fe2e65a03 | 102 021-10 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
bf25d940e9155d067fce651fe2e65a03 | 102 021-10 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definition apply: TETRA Release 2.1: Work Programme within TC TETRA to enhance the services and facilities of TETRA in order to meet new user requirements, utilize new technology and increase the longevity of TETRA within the traditional market domains o... |
bf25d940e9155d067fce651fe2e65a03 | 102 021-10 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: API Application Programming Interface DMO Direct Mode of Operation GoS Grade of Service IP Interner Protocol LMB Local Mode Broadband LMW Local Mode Wideband SDS Short Data Service SwMI Switching and Management Infrastructure TEDS TETRA Enhanc... |
bf25d940e9155d067fce651fe2e65a03 | 102 021-10 | 4 Local Mode Broadband (LMB) | |
bf25d940e9155d067fce651fe2e65a03 | 102 021-10 | 4.1 Local | The coverage area of LMB is (in the start-up) limited to "on-site", meaning the "incident area". LMB is an ad-hoc wireless network that can be deployed anywhere very quickly by "intervention" teams. This means that the equipment should be small and "simple", not needing people with technical knowledge. For large scale ... |
bf25d940e9155d067fce651fe2e65a03 | 102 021-10 | 4.2 Broadband | The "data-throughput" of the LMB is expected to at least support the TETRA 1 (voice, SDS, IP) and TETRA 2 (wide-band applications introduced with TEDS) services and throughputs if the used frequencies don't allow high bandwidth ("channels"). The "data-throughput" of the LMB is expected to support real broadband service... |
bf25d940e9155d067fce651fe2e65a03 | 102 021-10 | 6 Frequency range and efficiency | The user requirement for frequencies is as little as possible. However this conflicts with the requirement for an as high as possible throughput. This means that the users ask for an as high as possible frequency efficiency. Asking for a higher throughput (bandwidth) usually means that the possible frequency bands are ... |
bf25d940e9155d067fce651fe2e65a03 | 102 021-10 | 7 Service reliability/availability | As already indicated above, the users expect a very high reliability and availability of all LMB services at all times and in an as big as possible LMB coverage area. In areas where the LMB coverage is good the users expect the same service reliability/availability as with the current TETRA services in perfect coverage... |
bf25d940e9155d067fce651fe2e65a03 | 102 021-10 | 8 Data rate | As already indicated, the "data-throughput" of the LMB is expected to at least support the TETRA 1 (voice, SDS, IP) and TETRA 2 (wide-band applications introduced with TEDS) services and throughputs. If the used frequencies allow high bandwidth ("channels") the LMB is expected to support real broadband services and thr... |
bf25d940e9155d067fce651fe2e65a03 | 102 021-10 | 9 Voice | LMB (and LMW) is expected to support all TETRA voice services. LMB (and LMW) is expected to behave like a TETRA base station, which means that multiple simultaneous TETRA voice call are supported, (pre-emptive) emergency call is supported, group scanning is supported. It is expected that GoS for these TETRA voice servi... |
bf25d940e9155d067fce651fe2e65a03 | 102 021-10 | 10 Data | LMB (and LMW) is expected to support all TETRA data services, including SDS. LMB (and LMW) is expected to behave like a TETRA base station, which means that multiple simultaneous TETRA data services are supported. It is expected that GoS for these TETRA data services are comparable (at least those) of the current TETRA... |
bf25d940e9155d067fce651fe2e65a03 | 102 021-10 | 11 Voice and data interaction | LMB (and LMW) is expected to support all TETRA services simultaneously. LMB (and LMW) mobiles are expected to support TETRA voice and data simultaneously. 12 Service transparency between TMO and LMB to allow seamless operation LMB is expected to behave like a TETRA base station. This means that the users can continue t... |
bf25d940e9155d067fce651fe2e65a03 | 102 021-10 | 13 LMB gateway | The LMB network should be capable of being securely connected, extended and integrated into the non ad-hoc fixed TETRA network. It is expected that this can happen automatically based on preconfigured settings in the LMB equipment. It is expected that this integrated LMB can support communications of independent organi... |
bf25d940e9155d067fce651fe2e65a03 | 102 021-10 | 14 Security | The LMB network should be as secure as current TETRA networks. The LMB network should be made robust and redundant, securely supporting intervention teams of different disciplines within the same incident area. ETSI ETSI TR 102 021-10 V1.1.1 (2010-12) 11 Annex A: TETRA World Congress 2007 workshop A.1 TETRA World Congr... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 1 Scope | The present document provides the User Requirement Specifications (URS) for the enhancements of the TETRA Peripheral Equipment Interface. The existing TETRA PEI standard has been available since 1998. The TETRA Release 2 standard, incorporating the high-speed data capability (TEDS) has been published. This HSD capabili... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 2 References | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which ar... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 2.1 Normative references | The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 2.2 Informative references | The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] ITU-T Recommendation H.264: "Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services". [i.2] 1394 Trade Association: "1394 Standards and Specifications... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: function: entity, especially in USB OTG, that is responsible for responding to requests to initiate communications on the PEI host: entity, especially in USB OTG, that is responsible for initiating the communications on the PEI TETRA R... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations apply: AFH Adaptive Frequency-Hopping ASN Abstract Syntax Notation BER Bit Error Rate CBC-MAC Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code CCM Counter with CBC-MAC COM COMmunications (serial) port CPU Central Processing Unit CWUSB Certified Wireless USB D... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 4 Background | There are number of criteria to be considered for a suitable physical link. The following criteria are briefly explained. |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 4.1 Support of High Data Rates | This is a prime requirement that enables wideband transmission of concurrent applications including multimedia. |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 4.2 Data Reliability | The physical link should provide minimum acceptable data reliability. This is an important feature that almost all applications such as multimedia data rely upon. Unreliable communication does not only affect the data and data quality but also affects the throughput. |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 4.3 Power Efficiency | Low power physical links which results in longer battery life and connection time of a mobile unit as well as the peripheral equipment is an important factor. NOTE: It is not straight forward to calculate power efficiency of physical links. This is because almost all chipsets have different operation modes such as "Act... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 4.4 Robustness | The physical link should be robust in harsh environments and protect itself from ingress of hazards such as water, oil and dust. The same time connection should be stable and reliable in harsh conditions such as on-the-move, vibration intensive, scenarios. |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 4.5 Ease-of-Use | In emergency situations, the user should be able to setup and disconnect a physical connection fast and effectively. 4.6 Widely Adopted in the Information Technology World and Compatibility with Other Data Systems This is to ensure cost effective, easy and efficient implementation and operations. It is important to ens... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 4.7 Security | For wireless solutions, data security is an important issue. The proposed physical links would be compared together where the level of securities that they provide are rated. |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5 Wired Solutions - Background | |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.1 Firewire | Many computers intended for home or professional audio/video use built-in FireWire [i.2] interfaces. The Firewire documentation defines a media, topology and protocol for a point-to-point serial cable interface. |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.1.1 Technical Specification and Architecture | The digital interface supports either asynchronous or isochronous data transfers. FireWire can connect together up to 63 peripherals in an acyclic topology (as opposed to Parallel SCSI's Electrical bus topology). It allows peer-to-peer device communication to take place without using system memory or the CPU. FireWire ... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.1.2 Power Supply | Based on the electrical specification of a chipset (µPD72852A with data sheet number: S16725EJ2V0DS), recommended operating voltage and current are presented in tables 5.1 and 5.2. Table 5.1: Power supply voltage Parameter Condition MIN. TYP. MAX. Unit Power supply voltage Source power node 3,0 3,3 3,6 V Non-source pow... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.1.3 Versions and Data Rates | |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.1.3.1 Firewire 400 | Firewire 400 can transfer data between devices at 100 Mbit/s, 200 Mbit/s or 400 Mbit/s data rates. These different transfer modes are commonly referred to as S100, S200, and S400. Cable length is limited to 4,5 meters (about 15 feet), although up to 16 cables can be daisy chained using active repeaters, external hubs, ... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.1.3.2 Firewire-800 | FireWire-800 was introduced commercially by Apple in 2003. This newer specification and corresponding products allow a transfer rate of 786,432 Mbit/s with backwards compatibility to the slower rates and 6-pin connectors of FireWire 400. Table 5.3: FireWire-800 data rates as a function of distance Cable type 100 Mbps 2... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.2 USB | Universal Serial Bus (USB) [i.3] is a connectivity specification developed by Intel and other technology industry leaders. USB provides ease of use, expandability, and speed for the end user. USB is arguably the most successful interconnect in computing history. USB was designed to allow peripherals to be connected wit... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.2.1 Technical Specification and Architecture | A USB system has an asymmetric design, consisting of a host controller and multiple daisy-chained devices. Additional USB hubs may be included in the chain, allowing branching into a tree structure, subject to a limit of 5 levels of branching per controller. No more than 127 devices, including the bus devices, may be c... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.2.2 Power Supply | The USB specification provides a 5 V supply and return from which connected USB devices may draw power. Initially a device is only allowed to draw 100 mA. It may request more current from the upstream device in units of 100 mA up to a maximum of 500 mA. |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.2.2.1 Versions and Data Rates | |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.2.2.1.1 USB 1.0/1.1 | Following are the specifications for are the specifications USB 1.0/1.1: • 1,5 Mbps data transmission rate for 1.0. • 12 Mbps data transmission rate for 1.1. • Support for up to 127 devices. • Hot Plug and Play capability. • Both isochronous and asynchronous data transfers. • Cable length of up to 5 meters. • Built-in ... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.2.2.1.2 USB 2.0 | Key specifications for are the specifications USB 1.0/1.1: • Contains all of the features of USB 1.0 and 1.1. • Fully backward compatible with USB 1.0 and 1.1. • Available in two versions: USB and Hi-Speed USB. • Transmission speed of 12-Mbps for USB and 480 Mbps for Hi-Speed USB. • All peripherals run at their highest... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.2.3 USB Backward Compatibility | Adopting the new technology and migrating towards USB physical link, is convenient for TETRA devices. Existing terminals are implemented based on TIA/EIA-232 [i.17]. For the purpose of backward compatibility, it is possible to build a virtual COM port to move from a real Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UAR... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.3 USB on the Go | USB On-The-Go [i.4] (normally abbreviated USB OTG) is a supplement to the USB 2.0 specification that allows USB devices to transfer data directly between themselves. |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.3.1 Why USB OTG | Standard USB uses client/server architecture: one device acts as a USB host and the other as a USB peripheral. Only the USB host contains the device driver and the necessary controls to transfer the data. The USB peripherals do not contain those parts, so two USB peripherals cannot exchange the data without the use of ... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.3.2 Power Supply | When an A-device is providing power to VBUS on a port, it is required to maintain an output voltage (VA_VBUS_OUT) on that port between 4,4 V and 5,25 V, under loads of 0 mA up to the rated per port output of the device's supply (IA_VBUS_OUT min = 8 mA) as long as the rated output of the A-device is less than or equal t... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.3.3 USB Data Transfer Modes, Connection Configurations | Data directed from the host to a device is called downstream or out transfer; data directed from a device to the host is called upstream or in transfer. Data transfer occurs between the host and a particular endpoint on the USB device, and the data link between the host and the endpoint is called a pipe. A given USB de... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.3.3.1 Control transfers | These are short data packets for device control and configuration, particularly at attach time. Bulk transfers: These are data packets in relatively large quantities. Devices like scanners or SCSI adapters use this transfer type. |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.3.3.2 Interrupt transfers | These are data packets that are polled periodically. The host controller will automatically post an interrupt at a specified interval. |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.3.3.3 Isochronous transfers | These are data streams in real time with higher requirements for bandwidth than for reliability. Audio and video devices generally use this transfer type. Like a serial port, each USB port on a computer is assigned a unique identification number (port ID) by the USB controller. When a USB device is attached to a USB po... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.4 TIA/EIA-485 | The Electronics Industry Association (EIA) has produced standards for TIA/EIA-485 [i.18], TIA/EIA-422 [i.19], TIA/EIA-232 [i.17], and TIA/EIA-423 [i.20] that deal with data communications. As the application of TIA/EIA-232 [i.17] has extended far beyond the original purpose of interconnecting a terminal with a modem, s... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.4.1 Technical Specification and Architecture | TIA/EIA-485 [i.18] will support 32 drivers and 32 receivers (bi-directional, half duplex, multi-drop communications over a single or dual twisted pair cable). An TIA/EIA-485 [i.18] network can be connected in a 2 or 4 wire mode. Maximum cable length can be as much as 4 000 feet because of the differential voltage trans... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.4.2 Power Supply | Table 5.7 presents voltage specification of a typical TIA/EIA-485 [i.18] chip. Table 5.7: Voltage specifications for the TIA/EIA-485 [i.18] based on NEC's DS16F95 chip Parameter Minimum Typ. Maximum Units Supply Voltage 4,75 5 5,25 V Voltage at Any Bus Terminal Common Mode -7 - 12 V Different Input - - ±12 V Table 5.8:... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.5 Comparisons between Wired Solutions | |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.5.1 Support of High Data Rates | Table 5.9 presents transfer rate comparisons between USB 1.1, USB 2.0, Firewire and TIA/EIA-485 [i.18]. For TETRA Release 2, both USB and Firewire meet maximum data rate requirement. Table 5.9: Maximum burst transfer rate comparisons Maximum Burst Transfer Rate USB 1.1 USB 2.0 FireWire 1394a FireWire 1394b TIA/EIA-485 ... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.5.2 Data Reliability | Both USB and Firewire are protected by error control codes and they both provide high data reliability. TIA/EIA-485 [i.18] is also reliable as differential output voltage provides optimal noise immunity. ETSI ETSI TR 102 021-9 V1.2.1 (2010-12) 18 |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.5.3 Power Efficiency | TIA/EIA-485 [i.18] chipsets are typically designed in a "ruggedised" manner with isolated ports to drive disparate circuits over long distances. This surplus functionality requires multiple power sources leading to higher power demand. Furthermore, the latest devices are using silicon technologies of several years age ... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.5.4 Robustness | It is possible for the TETRA manufacturers to use specific connectors that are robust. For example, there are sealed circular connectors in the market and they are designed to provide secure and safe connection. International standard IEC classifies the level of protection that electrical appliances provide against the... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.5.5 Ease-of-Use | No user settings USB and Firewire peripherals do not have user-selectable settings such as port addresses and interrupt-request (IRQ) lines. Available IRQ lines are in short supply on PCs, and not having to allocate one for a new peripheral is often reason enough to use USB. Easy to connect The number of ports for USB ... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 5.5.7 Data overhead | FireWire is a true peer-to-peer technology, so two or more FireWire peripherals can communicate with each other directly as peers, sending each piece of data over the bus only once, directly to its destination. USB 2.0 works in a master/slave arrangement that adds significant overhead to data transfers. However USB OTG... |
9cbc82c34ef7dfe5dd8ec21147303c2f | 102 021-9 | 6 Wireless Solutions - Background |
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