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8.2.6.1.2 Method of measurement
Determination of the Transform Factor for the Anechoic Chamber 1 For this part of the test, it is necessary to position either the 3-axis probe (if it possesses adequate dynamic range to allow the wanted field strength to be measured) or the measuring antenna (in the recommended scheme: a tuned ANSI C63.5 (1988) [11] h...
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8.2.6.1.3 Procedure for completion of the results sheets
No special processing of the results is necessary to provide the spurious response immunity, since all calculations are performed during the procedure. However, to complete the overall results sheet (table 56) it is necessary, firstly to transfer some or all of the response frequencies and their corresponding values fo...
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8.2.6.1.4 Log book entries
Table 55: Log book results sheet SPURIOUS RESPONSE IMMUNITY Date: Page 1 of 2 Temperature:…......°°°°C Humidity:…............% Frequency:…..........MHz Manufacturer of EUT:….................. Type No:…........... Serial No:…............... Range length:….................... Test equipment item Type No. Serial No. VSWR ...
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8.2.6.1.5 Statement of results
The results should be presented in tabular form as shown in table 56. Table 56: Overall results sheet SPURIOUS RESPONSE IMMUNITY Date: Page 1 of 1 Frequency (MHz) Spurious response immunity (dB) Expanded uncertainty (95 %) dB ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 232
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9 Duplex operation
All measurements described in this subclause are very critical and require high decoupling between the transmitter and the signal generators in use.
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9.1 Spurious response immunity
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9.1.1 Spurious response immunity for analogue speech
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9.1.1.1 Definition
The spurious response immunity (duplex) for analogue speech is a measure of the capability of the receiver to discriminate between the wanted modulated signal at the nominal frequency and an unwanted signal at any other frequency at which a response is obtained, in the presence of a transmitter working simultaneously w...
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9.1.1.2 Method of measurement
Two methods are described covering EUTs with combined one or two antenna sockets. In each measuring arrangement additional attenuators (not shown) may be required to avoid producing spurious signals by intermodulation in the test apparatus.
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9.1.1.2.1 Equipment operating with one antenna
Psophometric weighting network and SINAD meter Signal generator B Signal generator A Combiner Test load Duplex filter Transmitter Receiver Audio load or acoustic coupler Figure 103: Spurious response rejection configuration with duplex filter a) The antenna terminal of the equipment comprising the receiver, transmitter...
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9.1.1.2.2 Equipment operating with two antennas
Psophometric weighting network and SINAD meter Signal generator B Combiner Signal generator A Test load Combiner Transmitter Receiver Audio load or acoustic coupler Figure 104: Spurious response rejection configuration without a duplex filter a) The transmitter should be connected to a test load to dissipate the rated ...
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9.1.2 Spurious response immunity for bit stream
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9.1.2.1 Definition
The spurious response immunity for bit stream (duplex) is a measure of the capability of the receiver to discriminate between the wanted modulated signal at the nominal frequency and an unwanted signal at any other frequency at which a response is obtained, in the presence of a transmitter working simultaneously with t...
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9.1.2.2 Method of measurement
Two methods are described covering EUTs with combined one or two antenna sockets. In each measuring arrangement additional attenuators (not shown) may be required to avoid producing spurious signals by intermodulation in the test apparatus.
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9.1.2.2.1 Equipment operating with one antenna
Duplex filter Transmitter Receiver Termination Bit error measuring test set Test load Combiner Signal generator B Bit stream generator Signal generator A Figure 105: Spurious response rejection configuration with duplex filter a) The antenna terminal of the equipment comprising the receiver, transmitter and duplex filt...
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9.1.2.2.2 Equipment operating with two antennas
Transmitter Receiver Bit error measuring test set Test load Combiner Combiner Signal generator B Signal generator A Bit stream generator Termination Figure 106: Spurious response rejection configuration without duplex filter a) The transmitter should be connected to an test load to dissipate the rated radio frequency o...
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9.1.3 Spurious response immunity for messages
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9.1.3.1 Definition
The spurious response immunity for messages (duplex) is a measure of the capability of the receiver to discriminate between the wanted modulated signal at the nominal frequency and an unwanted signal at any other frequency at which a response is obtained, in the presence of a transmitter working simultaneously with the...
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9.1.3.2 Method of measurement
Two methods are described covering EUTs with combined one or two antenna sockets. In each measuring arrangement additional attenuators (not shown) may be required to avoid producing spurious signals by intermodulation in the test apparatus.
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9.1.3.2.1 Equipment operating with one antenna
Duplex filter Transmitter Receiver Response measuring test set Signal generator B Signal generator A Message generator Termination Test load Combiner Figure 107: Spurious response rejection configuration with duplex filter a) The antenna terminal of the equipment comprising the receiver, transmitter and duplex filter s...
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9.1.3.2.2 Equipment operating with two antennas
Transmitter Receiver Response measuring test set Termination Combiner Test load Combiner Signal generator B Message generator Signal generator A Figure 108: Spurious response rejection configuration without duplex filter a) The transmitter should be connected to an test load to dissipate the rated RF output power of th...
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9.2 Desensitization
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9.2.1 Desensitization for analogue speech
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9.2.1.1 Definition
The desensitization for analogue speech (duplex) is the degradation of the sensitivity of the receiver resulting from the transfer of power from the transmitter to the receiver due to unwanted coupling effects. It is specified as the difference, in decibels, of the levels of measured usable sensitivity for analogue spe...
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9.2.1.2 Method of measurement
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9.2.1.2.1 Equipment operating with one antenna
Audio load or acoustic coupler Psophometric weighting network and SINAD neter Test load Signal generator Transmitter Receiver Duplex filter AF signal generator Figure 109: Receiver desensitization configuration for equipment with duplex filter a) The antenna terminal of the equipment comprising the receiver, transmitte...
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9.2.1.2.2 Equipment operating with two antennas
AF signal generator Receiver Transmitter Psophometric weighting network and SINAD neter Audio load or acoustic coupler Test load Combiner Signal generator Figure 110: Receiver desensitization configuration for equipment without duplex filter a) The transmitter should be connected to a test load to dissipate the rated r...
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9.2.2 Desensitization for bit stream
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9.2.2.1 Definition
The desensitization for bit stream (duplex) is the degradation of the sensitivity of the receiver resulting from the transfer of power from the transmitter to the receiver due to unwanted coupling effects. It is specified as the difference, in decibels, of the levels of measured usable sensitivity for bit stream with s...
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9.2.2.2 Method of measurement
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9.2.2.2.1 Equipment operating with one antenna
Duplex filter Transmitter Receiver Termination Test load Bit stream generator Bit error measuring test set Bit stream generator Signal generator Figure 111: Receiver desensitization configuration for equipment with duplex filter a) The antenna terminal of the equipment comprising the receiver, transmitter and duplex fi...
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9.2.2.2.2 Equipment operating with two antennas
Combiner Transmitter Receiver Test load Termination Bit error measuring test set Bit stream generator Signal generator Bit stream generator Figure 112: Receiver desensitization configuration for equipment without duplex filter a) The transmitter should be connected to a test load to dissipate the rated radio frequency ...
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9.2.3 Desensitization for messages
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9.2.3.1 Definition
The desensitization for messages (duplex) is the degradation of the sensitivity of the receiver resulting from the transfer of power from the transmitter to the receiver due to unwanted coupling effects. It is specified as the difference, in decibels, of the levels of measured usable sensitivity for messages with simul...
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9.2.3.2 Method of measurement
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9.2.3.2.1 Equipment operating with one antenna
Duplex filter Transmitter Receiver Message generator Termination Response measuring test set Test load Signal generator Message generator Figure 113: Receiver desensitization configuration for equipment with duplex filter a) The antenna terminal of the equipment comprising the receiver, transmitter and duplex filter sh...
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9.2.3.2.2 Equipment operating with two antennas
Message generator Transmitter Receiver Test load Combiner Signal generator Message generator Response measuring test set Termination Figure 114: Receiver desensitization configuration for equipment without duplex filter a) The transmitter should be connected to a test load to dissipate the rated radio frequency output ...
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1 Scope
The present document provides description of the Security Tests, which validate security functions and configurations per security and security protocols requirements and are based on the priority of the risk analysis for O-RAN systems.
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2 References
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2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a...
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2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i...
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3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
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3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in ETSI TR 121 905 [i.5], O-RAN Architecture Description [1], and the following in this clause apply. A term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in ETSI TR 121 905 [i.5] and O-RAN Archite...
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3.2 Symbols
Void.
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3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given ETSI TR 121 905 [i.5], O-RAN Architecture Description [1], and the following in this clause apply. A abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in ETSI TR 121 905 [i.5] and O-RAN Ar...
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4 Objectives and scope
This security test specification is focused on: • Validating the implementation of security requirements and security protocols specified in [5] and [2]. • Emulating security attacks against the O-RAN component(s), interfaces, and the system to measure the robustness of the O-RAN system and the service impact(s). • Val...
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5 Testing methodology and configuration
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5.0 Overview
This clause describes the common testing methods and configurations used in the subsequent chapters. To ensure fair and comparable test results among various test campaigns, consistent test setups shall be utilized. This security test specification describes the test conditions, methodologies, and procedures, so that t...
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5.1 DUT / SUT
Figure 5.1-1: Logical Architecture of O-RAN system Figure 5.1-1 illustrates the O-RAN components, interfaces, and overall system. As specified in [1], the following O-RAN components and interfaces shall be the DUT or SUT addressed in this security test specification. O-RAN components: • Network functions and applicatio...
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5.2 Test Setup
Refer to the security test cases listed in the following clauses for their specific test setups.
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5.3 Test and measurement equipment and tools
The following table lists test and measurement equipment required for the security tests in the present document. ETSI ETSI TS 104 105 V7.0.0 (2025-06) 17 Table 5.3-1 Test and measurement equipment list Test tool Description Commercial UE and/or UE emulator A commercial UE or UE emulator shall be used to establish stat...
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5.4 Test report
Tests should be described in the test report with sufficient detail to allow the tests to be reproducible by different parties and to enable comparison. A template for a complete test report is found in Annex B and may be used. Photos and screenshots should also be taken as part of the test report to illustrate the tes...
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5.5 Assumptions
Void.
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5.6 Testing tools
The tools outlined in this clause represent a selection of commonly used resources for testing processes. It is important to emphasize that this list is not exhaustive. Testers are encouraged to use additional tools as needed for comprehensive and effective testing, ensuring they meet the standards and requirements set...
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6 Security Protocol & APIs Validation
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6.1 Overview
This clause contains test cases to validate implementation of security protocols against O-RAN security requirements in [2] and [5].
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6.2 SSH Server & Client
Requirement Name: Network Security Protocol - SSH Requirement Reference: Clause 4.1, O-RAN Security Protocols and Controls Specification [2] Requirement Description: Robust protocol implementation with adequately strong cipher suites is being required for SSH Threat References: T-O-RAN-05 DUT/s: O-DU, O-RU Test Name: T...
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6.3 TLS
Requirement Name: Network Security Protocol - TLS Requirement Reference: Clause 4.2, O-RAN Security Protocols and Controls Specification [2] Requirement Description: Support TLS v1.2 and/or TLS v1.3 with protocol profiles Threat References: T-O-RAN-05, T-SMO-01 DUT/s: SMO, Non-RT RIC, Near-RT RIC, O-CU-CP, O-CU-UP, O-D...
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6.4 DTLS
Requirement Name: Network Security Protocol - DTLS ETSI ETSI TS 104 105 V7.0.0 (2025-06) 23 Requirement Reference: Clause 4.4, O-RAN Security Protocols and Controls Specification [2] Requirement Description: Support DTLS v1.2 Threat References: T-O-RAN-01 DUT/s: Near-RT RIC, O-CU-CP, O-CU-UP, O-DU Test Name: TC_DTLS_Pr...
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6.5 IPsec
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6.5.0 Overview
This clause introduces a series of tests centered around ensuring the security and stability of communication within an O-RAN network using the IKEv2 server and IPSec security protocols. These tests, spanning from evaluating secure communication implementations to meticulously probing for potential vulnerabilities in h...
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6.5.1 IPSec security
Requirement Name: Network Security Protocol - IPSec Requirement Reference: Clause 4.5, O-RAN Security Protocols Specification [2], 'REQ-SEC-E2-1' clause 5.2.4.1 in O-RAN Security Requirements and Controls Specifications [5] Requirement Description: Support IPSec tunnel mode with confidentiality, integrity, authenticati...
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6.5.2 IKE Header Flags Fuzzing
Requirement Name: Network Security Protocol - IPSec Requirement Reference & Description: O-RAN Security Protocols Specification clause 4.5 [2], 'REQ-SEC-E2-1' clause 5.2.4.1 in O-RAN Security Requirements and Controls Specifications [5] Threat References: 'T-O-RAN-01' clause 7.4.1.1 in O-RAN Security Threat Modeling an...
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6.5.3 IKE Key Exchange Payload Fuzzing
Requirement Name: Network Security Protocol - IPsec Requirement Reference & Description: O-RAN Security Protocols Specification clause 4.5 [2], 'REQ-SEC-E2-1' clause 5.2.4.1 in O-RAN Security Requirements and Controls Specifications [5] Threat References: 'T-O-RAN-01' clause 7.4.1.1 in O-RAN Security Threat Modeling an...
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6.5.4 IKE Malformed Certificate Payload
Requirement Name: Network Security Protocol - IPsec Requirement Reference & Description: O-RAN Security Protocols Specification clause 4.5 [2], 'REQ-SEC-E2-1' clause 5.2.4.1 in O-RAN Security Requirements and Controls Specifications [5] Threat References: 'T-O-RAN-01' clause 7.4.1.1 in O-RAN Security Threat Modeling an...
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6.6 OAuth 2.0
Requirement Name: Authorization based on OAuth 2.0 shall be enforced for O-RAN application's API service request to O-RAN resource provider. Requirement Reference: Clause 4.7, O-RAN Security Protocol and Controls Specifications [2] Requirement Description: O-RAN OAuth 2.0 based authorization including resource registra...
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6.7 NACM
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6.7.0 Overview
In this clause, a series of test cases is explored, each meticulously designed to scrutinize and bolster the security and functionality of the Network Access Control Management (NACM) within an O-RAN environment. Encompassing aspects such as Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) Configuration, Logging and Monitoring, and Ha...
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6.7.1 NACM RBAC Configuration
Requirement Name: NACM security Requirement Reference & Description: 'REQ-NAC-FUN-1 to REQ-NAC-FUN-10' clause 5.2.2.1.3 in O-RAN Security Requirements and Controls Specifications [5] Threat References: 'T-O-RAN-03, T-O-RAN-05, T-O-RAN-06' clause 7.4.1.1 in O-RAN Security Threat Modeling and Risk Assessment [3] DUT/s: N...
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6.7.2 NACM Logging Monitoring
Requirement Name: NACM security Requirement Reference & Description: 'REQ-NAC-FUN-1 to REQ-NAC-FUN-10' clause 5.2.2.1.3 in O-RAN Security Requirements and Controls Specifications [5] Threat References: 'T-O-RAN-03, T-O-RAN-05, T-O-RAN-06' clause 7.4.1.1 in O-RAN Security Threat Modeling and Risk Assessment [3] DUT/s: N...
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6.7.3 NACM Hardening Configuration
Requirement Name: NACM security ETSI ETSI TS 104 105 V7.0.0 (2025-06) 34 Requirement Reference & Description: 'REQ-NAC-FUN-1 to REQ-NAC-FUN-10' clause 5.2.2.1.3 in O-RAN Security Requirements and Controls Specifications [5] Threat References: 'T-O-RAN-03, T-O-RAN-05, T-O-RAN-06' clause 7.4.1.1 in O-RAN Security Threat ...
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6.8 802.1x
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6.8.0 Overview
This clause conducts a detailed investigation into the security and consistency of network communication by scrutinizing the 802.1X authentication protocol. This collection of tests focuses on verifying the sturdiness of the handshake protocol, assuring the steadfast power and dependability of the certificate validatio...
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6.8.1 802.1X Cryptographic Algorithms Key Strength
Requirement Name: 802.1x security Requirement Reference & Description: 'REQ-SEC-OFHPLS-1 to REQ-SEC-OFHPLS-3' clause 5.2.5.5.1 in O-RAN Security Requirements and Controls Specifications [5] Threat References: 'T-FRHAUL-01, T-FRHAUL-02, T-CPLANE-01, T-CPLANE-02' clause 7.4.1.2 in O-RAN Security Threat Modeling and Risk ...
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6.9 X.509
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6.9.0 Overview
This clause aims to robustly validate various aspects of X.509 certificate usage within the O-RAN system, ensuring secure and reliable certificate-based authentication and communication across all applicable network entities.
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6.9.1 X.509 Certificate Structure Verification
Requirement Name: X.509 security Requirement Reference & Description: 'REQ-TLS-FUN-1' clause 5.2.2.1.2 [5], 'REQ-SEC-O2-1' clause 5.2.3.1 [5], 'REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-O2dms-1 to REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-O2dms-3' clause 5.1.8.9.1.1 [5], 'REQ-SEC-OCLOUD- O2ims-1 to REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-O2ims-3' clause 5.1.8.9.1.2 [5], 'REQ-SEC-O-CLOUD-NotifAPI-...
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6.9.2 X.509 Certificate Validity Period Verification
Requirement Name: X.509 security Requirement Reference & Description: 'REQ-TLS-FUN-1' clause 5.2.2.1.2 [5], 'REQ-SEC-O2-1' clause 5.2.3.1 [5], 'REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-O2dms-1 to REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-O2dms-3' clause 5.1.8.9.1.1 [5], 'REQ-SEC-OCLOUD- O2ims-1 to REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-O2ims-3' clause 5.1.8.9.1.2 [5], 'REQ-SEC-O-CLOUD-NotifAPI-...
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6.9.3 X.509 Certificate Key Usage Verification
Requirement Name: X.509 security Requirement Reference & Description: 'REQ-TLS-FUN-1' clause 5.2.2.1.2 [5], 'REQ-SEC-O2-1' clause 5.2.3.1 [5], 'REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-O2dms-1 to REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-O2dms-3' clause 5.1.8.9.1.1 [5], 'REQ-SEC-OCLOUD- O2ims-1 to REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-O2ims-3' clause 5.1.8.9.1.2 [5], 'REQ-SEC-O-CLOUD-NotifAPI-...
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6.9.4 X.509 Certificate Chain Validation
Requirement Name: X.509 security Requirement Reference & Description: 'REQ-TLS-FUN-1' clause 5.2.2.1.2 [5], 'REQ-SEC-O2-1' clause 5.2.3.1 [5], 'REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-O2dms-1 to REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-O2dms-3' clause 5.1.8.9.1.1 [5], 'REQ-SEC-OCLOUD- O2ims-1 to REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-O2ims-3' clause 5.1.8.9.1.2 [5], 'REQ-SEC-O-CLOUD-NotifAPI-...
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6.10 eCPRI
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6.10.0 Overview
This clause emphasizes the importance of securing the eCPRI protocol to ensure secure, robust, and reliable communication within the O-RAN system. The tests target multiple dimensions of eCPRI's security framework, from session management to auditing capabilities.
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6.10.1 eCPRI Session Management
Requirement Name: eCPRI security Requirement Reference & Description: 'REQ-SEC-TRAN-1' clause 5.3.4.1 in O-RAN Security and Controls Requirements Specifications [5]. Threat References: 'T-FRHAUL-01, T-FRHAUL-02' clause 7.4.1.2 in O-RAN Security Threat Modeling and Risk Assessment [3] DUT/s: O-RU, O-DU Test Name: TC_eCP...
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6.10.2 eCPRI Input Validation
Requirement Name: eCPRI security Requirement Reference & Description: 'REQ-SEC-TRAN-1' clause 5.3.4.1 in O-RAN Security Requirements and Controls Specifications [5]. Threat References: 'T-FRHAUL-01, T-FRHAUL-02' clause 7.4.1.2 in O-RAN Security Threat Modeling and Risk Assessment [3] DUT/s: O-RU, O-DU Test Name: TC_eCP...
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6.10.3 eCPRI Error Handling
Requirement Name: eCPRI security Requirement Reference & Description: 'REQ-SEC-TRAN-1' clause 5.3.4.1 in O-RAN Security and Controls Requirements Specifications [5]. Threat References: 'T-FRHAUL-01, T-FRHAUL-02' clause 7.4.1.2 in O-RAN Security Threat Modeling and Risk Assessment [3]. DUT/s: O-RU, O-DU Test Name: TC_eC...
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6.10.4 eCPRI Access Control
Requirement Name: eCPRI security ETSI ETSI TS 104 105 V7.0.0 (2025-06) 43 Requirement Reference & Description: 'REQ-SEC-TRAN-1' clause 5.3.4.1 in O-RAN Security and Controls Requirements Specifications [5]. Threat References: 'T-FRHAUL-01, T-FRHAUL-02' clause 7.4.1.2 in O-RAN Security Threat Modeling and Risk Assessmen...
0ce77be9f03a15fedfc038153382bd6a
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6.10.5 eCPRI Logging and Auditing
Requirement Name: eCPRI security Requirement Reference & Description: 'REQ-SEC-TRAN-1' clause 5.3.4.1 in O-RAN Security and Controls Requirements Specifications [5]. Threat References: 'T-FRHAUL-01, T-FRHAUL-02' clause 7.4.1.2 in O-RAN Security Threat Modeling and Risk Assessment [3]. DUT/s: O-RU, O-DU ETSI ETSI TS 104...
0ce77be9f03a15fedfc038153382bd6a
104 105
6.10.6 eCPRI Timeout Error Handling
Requirement Name: eCPRI security Requirement Reference & Description: 'REQ-SEC-TRAN-1' clause 5.3.4.1 in O-RAN Security and Controls Requirements Specifications [5]. Threat References: 'T-FRHAUL-01, T-FRHAUL-02' clause 7.4.1.2 in O-RAN Security Threat Modeling and Risk Assessment [3]. DUT/s: O-RU, O-DU Test Name: TC_eC...
0ce77be9f03a15fedfc038153382bd6a
104 105
6.11 SCTP
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6.11.0 Overview
The SCTP is pivotal in ensuring reliable, secure, and efficient communication within O-RAN networks, particularly between various endpoints such as O-CU, O-DU, and Near-RT RIC. To validate its operational and security robustness, the following test cases are designed, emphasizing diverse facets of SCTP, namely, associa...
0ce77be9f03a15fedfc038153382bd6a
104 105
6.11.1 Void
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104 105
6.11.2 Void
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6.11.3 Void
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6.11.4 Void
0ce77be9f03a15fedfc038153382bd6a
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6.11.5 SCTP DoS Prevention Rate Limiting
Requirement Name: SCTP security Requirement Reference & Description: 'REQ-SEC-TRAN-1' clause 5.3.4.1 in O-RAN Security and Controls Requirements Specifications [5]. Threat References: ' T-E2-01, T-E2-02, T-E2-03' clause 7.4.1.12 in O-RAN Security Threat Modeling and Risk Assessment [3]. DUT/s: O-CU, O-DU, Near-RT RIC T...
0ce77be9f03a15fedfc038153382bd6a
104 105
6.11.6 SCTP Input Validation
Requirement Name: SCTP security Requirement Reference & Description: 'REQ-SEC-TRAN-1', clause 5.3.4.1 in O-RAN Security Requirements and Controls Specifications [5] Threat References: 'T-E2-01, T-E2-02, T-E2-03' clause 7.4.1.12 in O-RAN Security Threat Modeling and Risk Assessment [3] DUT/s: O-CU, O-DU, Near-RT RIC Tes...
0ce77be9f03a15fedfc038153382bd6a
104 105
6.11.7 Void
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6.11.8 Void
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6.12 RESTful
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6.12.0 Overview
This clause emphasizes the necessity of robust security controls to safeguard these APIs within the O-RAN NFs against various threats and vulnerabilities. The outlined test cases aim to validate the security mechanisms deployed in RESTful API implementations, ensuring authentication, authorization, input validation, an...