hash stringlengths 32 32 | doc_id stringlengths 7 13 | section stringlengths 3 121 | content stringlengths 0 2.2M |
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142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.2.4.3 Chain of Trust | The UNCITRAL Model Law [i.20] is agnostic with respect to the Chain of Trust. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3 Standardization | |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.1 ISO/TC 307 | |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.1.1 Essential Overview | The scope of ISO/TC 307 reads: "standardisation of blockchain technologies and distributed ledger technologies". Blockchain technology holds immense promise to revolutionize not only the financial domain, but a whole host of things from societal inclusion to efficiencies in government, health and all areas of business.... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.1.2 Terminology | Smart Contracts and distributed ledgers as defined in ISO 22739 [i.3]. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.1.3 Chain of Trust | ISO 22739 [i.3], ISO/TS 23635 [i.15], and ISO 23257 [i.19] are agnostic with respect to the Chain of Trust. However, ISO/TC 307 in ISO/TS 23635 [i.15] discuss some trust requirements on (qualified) DLT systems. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.2 CEN/CENELEC/JTC 19 | |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.2.1 Essential Overview | CEN/CLC/JTC 19 "Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies" was established based on the recommendations presented in the CEN-CENELEC White Paper [i.28] in 2018 on distributed and ledger technologies. It works in close contact with ISO/TC 307 "Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies". It established the foll... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.2.2 Terminology | Distributed ledgers and Smart Contracts as defined in ISO 22739 [i.3]. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.2.3 Chain of Trust | The technical body CEN/CENELEC/JTC 19 "Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies" is agnostic with respect to the Chain of Trust. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.3 ETSI ISG PDL | |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.3.1 Essential Overview | The ETSI Industry Specification Group on Permissioned Distributed Ledger (ETSI ISG PDL), at the time of the publication of the present document, conveyed into the new ETSI TC DATA, analyses and provides the foundations for the operation of permissioned distributed ledgers, with the ultimate purpose of creating an open ... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.3.2 Terminology | Electronic Ledgers, distributed ledgers and Smart Contracts as defined in ISO 22739 [i.3]. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.3.3 Chain of Trust | ETSI ISG PDL (at the time of the publication of the present document) is agnostic with respect to the Chain of Trust. This will change in the future within the new ETSI TC DATA. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.4 ITU-T X-Series Recommendations Study Group 17 | |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.4.1 Essential Overview | ITU-T X is a series of standards from the Standardization Sector the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T), written by ITU-T Study Group 17. The description of the X series is: "Data networks, open system communications and security". The group produced a number of documents. In a nutshell: • Recommendation ITU... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.4.2 Terminology | distributed ledgers as defined in Recommendation ITU-T F.751.0 [i.29], Smart Contracts as defined in Recommendation ITU-T X.1412 [i.34]. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.4.3 Chain of Trust | ITU-T X Study Group 17 is agnostic with respect to the Chain of Trust. However, Recommendation ITU-T X.1412 [i.34] contains some interesting intuitions on security requirements for Smart Contracts management based on the distributed ledger technology. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.5 IEEE SA P2418 | |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.5.1 Essential Overview | 4.3. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.1 Essential Overview | IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA): the IEEE is working on developing blockchain and distributed ledger standards through the P2418 working group. They focus on areas such as digital asset management, blockchain for supply chains, and Smart Contracts. There are multiple standardized distributed ledger technologies, e... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.5.2 Terminology | None. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.3.5.3 Chain of Trust | The IEEE SA P2418 working group did not publish any document. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.4 Projects, Programs and Initiatives | |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.4.1 Digital Europe Program | |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.4.1.1 Essential Overview | The Digital Europe Program (DIGITAL) is an EU initiative designed to accelerate the integration of digital technologies into businesses, public administrations, and society. DIGITAL aims to enhance Europe's digital resilience by supporting projects in key areas like supercomputing, artificial intelligence, cybersecurit... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.4.1.2 Terminology | Smart Contracts and distributed ledgers as defined in ISO 22739 [i.3]. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.4.1.3 Chain of Trust | Digital Europe Program, as per the publication date of the present document, is agnostic with respect to the Chain of Trust. This can change in the future. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.4.2 EBSI | |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.4.2.1 Essential Overview | The project, which was set up in 2018, aims to lay the foundation for future distributed ledger-based services within the EU and EFTA. The EBSI was transitioned into a new organizational entity for the operations of EBSI, named the European Digital Infrastructure Consortium (EDIC). The EBSI run by nodes operated by mem... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.4.2.2 Terminology | Smart Contracts and distributed ledgers as defined in ISO 22739 [i.3]. ETSI ETSI TR 119 540 V1.1.1 (2025-10) 23 |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.4.2.3 Chain of Trust | EBSI, as per the publication date of the present document, is agnostic with respect to the Chain of Trust. This can change in the future. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.4.3 EUDI Wallet | |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.4.3.1 Essential Overview | The European Digital Identity Wallet (EUDI Wallet) is a key component of the eIDAS2 Regulation (EU) 2024/1183 [i.2]. The EUDI Wallet is designed as a secure and user-centric digital identity solution that allows citizens and residents of the European Union to authenticate their identity and access a wide range of onlin... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.4.3.2 Terminology | Smart Contracts, SC Provider, SC Publisher. ETSI ETSI TR 119 540 V1.1.1 (2025-10) 24 |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.4.3.3 Chain of Trust | EUDI Wallet, as per the publication date of the present document, is agnostic with respect to the Chain of Trust. This can change in the future. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.5 Others | |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.5.1 eIDAS Toolbox- Architecture and Reference Framework (ARF) | |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.5.1.1 Essential Overview | Architecture and Reference Framework (ARF) for the European Digital Identity (EUDI) Wallet [i.17] is part of the European Union's initiative to create a standardized and secure digital identity system based on eIDAS2 regulation. The ARF is a draft prepared by the eIDAS Expert Group and provides the technical architectu... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.5.1.2 Terminology | Smart Contracts, Electronic Ledger. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.5.1.3 Chain of Trust | ARF is agnostic with respect of the Chain of Trust. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.5.2 INATBA | |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.5.2.1 Essential Overview | 4. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.2.1 Essential Overview | The International Association for Trusted Blockchain Applications (INATBA) offers public and private developers and users of DLT a global forum to interact with regulators and policymakers and bring blockchain technology to the next stage. INATBA facilitates positive change in the blockchain ecosystem. INATBA supports ... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.5.2.2 Terminology | Smart Contracts and distributed ledgers as defined in ISO 22739 [i.3]. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.5.2.3 Chain of Trust | INATBA as per the publication date of the present document, is agnostic with respect to the Chain of Trust. This can change in the future. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.5.3 ENISA: Digital Identity Standards | |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.5.3.1 Essential Overview | 4. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.3.1 Essential Overview | ENISA is an agency of the European Union. The ENISA Digital Identity Standards [i.18] publications serve as a comprehensive analysis of the various standardization requirements that support cybersecurity policies, particularly in the realm of digital identity. The standards discussed encompass a broad spectrum, includi... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.5.3.2 Terminology | Smart Contracts, Electronic Ledger. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 4.5.3.3 Chain of Trust | ENISA, as per the publication date of the present document, is agnostic with respect to the Chain of Trust. This can change in the future. 5 A Chain of Trust in support of Smart Contracts and Electronic Ledgers 5.1 Essential Overview The present clause describes the processes involved in building, deploying, and execut... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.2 SC main entities | 5.2.1 Essential Overview Table 1 summarizes the Chain of Trust, in its first version V1, as a numbered set of interactions between entities, results produced, identification and assurance needs. Each rule, represented as a line in the Table, defines a precise interaction between two or more entities. The intuitive mean... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.2.2 SC Language Specification | The semantics of programming languages, especially for domain specific languages for writing Smart Contracts, is fundamental to understand the execution in Electronic Ledger. The semantic rules of a programming language determine how its syntax is interpreted into actions to be performed. In the context of Smart Contra... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.2.3 SC Compiler | The design and implementation of a SC Compiler play a critical role for the design and execution of a Smart Contract which is executed on the top of one or many SC Virtual Machines relying on a centralized or distributed Electronic Ledgers: as an explanatory example, different SC Compilers compile the same SC Source Co... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.2.4 SC Virtual Machine | The design and implementation of SC Virtual Machines (VMs) are pivotal for the execution of Smart Contracts [i.3] across various blockchain platforms. These VMs translate the bytecode produced by compilers into executable actions within the blockchain's network. As explanatory examples: Ethereum's Ethereum Virtual Mach... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.2.6 SC Legal Text, Certification of Smart Contract, Agreements | |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.2.6.1 Essential Overview | 5.2. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 6.1 Essential Overview | Translating a certified SC Legal Text into a Smart Legal Contract is a detailed process. It ensures that the legal terms are precisely and securely translated into a SC Byte Code on a SC Virtual Machine using an Electronic Ledger. This is important to maintain the contract's integrity and enforceability. A task force c... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.2.6.2 SC Legal Text | The legal basis for a Smart Contract is defined using SC Legal Text. This can include: a) Legal context in which the Smart Contract execution takes place such as European legislation, national legislation, or commercial agreements. b) Provisions to meet the requirements for data protection of any personal data. c) Requ... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.2.6.3 Certification of Smart Contract by SC Publisher | The elements of a Smart Contract and a Smart Legal Contract (SC Legal Text, SC Source Code, SC Byte Code, and other SC Documentation) should be certified by the SC Publisher which has overall responsibility for the Smart Contract. The certification should be based on conformance to the SC Publisher's SC Development Pol... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.2.6.4 Verification of legal agreement | a) Deployment of a Smart Contract Before deploying a Smart Contract (a SC Byte Code), the SC Deployer should ensure that all the elements of the Smart Contract have been certified together by an identified SC Publisher. In addition to making the SC Byte Code available on the Electronic Ledger, the SC Deployer should pr... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.3 Distributed ledger technology (DLT) | 5.3.1 Essential Overview Although Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 [i.1] and Regulation (EU) 2024/1183 [i.2] provide a normative framework for Smart Contracts and Electronic Ledgers, the present clause highlights the significant increase in the use of distributed ledgers as defined in ISO 22739 [i.3] over the past decade, ope... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.3.2 Permissioned or permissionless | Permissioned distributed ledgers restrict network access to authorized participants only. In this model, each participant is explicitly allowed to join the network, typically by a network administrator or through a consensus of existing participants. Selected participants are allowed to validate and persist transaction... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.3.3 Public or Private | Public distributed ledgers allow everybody to access all transactions and data so there is full transparency. Private distributed ledgers allow to access only authorized users: similar conditions concerning execution of transactions can apply. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.3.4 Data structures used to implement a distributed ledger | Electronic Ledgers, as defined in eIDAS2 regulation, can be implemented using either centralized or distributed technology, and as such a distributed ledger, as defined in ISO 22739 [i.3]. In both cases the used data structure is important to understand how the Chain of Trust can be applied. The present clause recaps t... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.3.5 On-chain and off-chain transaction data solutions | On-chain data refers to any information that is stored directly on a distributed ledger as defined in ISO 22739 [i.3]. This includes transaction records, Smart Contracts as defined in ISO 22739 [i.3], and any other data that needs to be immutable, transparent, and verifiable by all network participants. As an explanato... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.4 Digital trust elements in Smart Contracts | |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.4.1 Essential Overview | The aim of the present clause is to understand the gap existing between Electronic Ledgers and Smart Contracts, as defined by European regulations, and distributed ledgers and Smart Contracts, as defined by Standard Organization documents, and the de facto real solutions emerging and used by far. The Chain of Trust sho... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.4.2 Identification, authentication | Identity and Access Control: • Every actor during a Smart Contract and Smart Legal Contracts execution is assigned a unique identity and corresponding access control rights. The governance is responsible for ensuring that all actors have appropriate and unique access rights. • Access to Smart Contracts and Smart Legal ... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.4.3 Electronic signatures and seals | A digital signature as described in ETSI TR 119 001 [i.4] is a cryptographic transformation of a data unit that allows a recipient to prove the source and integrity of the data and to protect against forgery by the recipient. This involves appending data or transforming the original data in such a way that the origin o... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.4.4 Electronic identity | |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.4.4.1 Essential overview | In the context of the eIDAS2 regulation [i.2], electronic identification is defined as the process of using person identification data in electronic form that uniquely represents either a natural person, a legal person, or a natural person representing a legal person. This process is crucial for authentication in onlin... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.4.4.2 Electronic identity in a mobile network | Mobile network operators also play a key role in providing secure identity services because they control SIM cards, which can store cryptographic keys and securely authenticate users. This concept is often referred to as mobile ID or Mobile Signature. A SC User can be identified when he/she is connected to the SC Provi... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.4.5 Distributed ledgers | Distributed ledgers are a special kind of Electronic Ledgers in presence of network facilities. There are several Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs), not necessarily aligned with ISO 22739 [i.3] that provide frameworks and protocols for building decentralized systems, enabling secure and transparent transactions wi... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.5.1 Essential Overview | The present clause is about different kind of deployment and execution. Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 [i.1] and Regulation (EU) 2024/1183 [i.2] are rather liberal on those points. • An Electronic Ledger "can be centralized or decentralized". This corresponds to give someone a "free hand" to different kind of deployment and... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.5.2 Centralized systems | Centralized data structure and centralized computing are the simplest way to store and execute. They represent the cornerstone of Computer Science and Data Science. Centralized data structures and centralized computing are, by its nature, compatible with the Chain of Trust. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.5.3 Decentralized systems | Decentralized data structure and decentralized computing raised in the '70 in opposition to pure centralized solutions: this non-constructive approach (all that is "not" centralized) make impossible to formally characterize with a single unambiguous definition. Because of the too wide definition of decentralized data s... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.5.4 Distributed systems | Distributed data structures and distributed computing raised with the arrival of the network facilities (i.e. Internet) that allows system to communicate each other's. Control is not decentralized. Distributed data structures and distributed computing can be compatible with the Chain of Trust. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.5.5 Peer-to-peer systems | Peer-to-systems raised as an evolution of decentralized systems where data and control are completely distributed. ETSI ETSI TR 119 540 V1.1.1 (2025-10) 43 One does not have evidences that peer-to-peer data structures and peer-to-peer computing can/cannot be compatible with the Chain of Trust. This can change in the fu... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.5.6 Cloud systems | According to ISO/IEC 22123-2 [i.66], Cloud is a paradigm for enabling network access to a scalable and elastic pool of shareable physical or virtual resources with self-service provisioning and administration on-demand. Cloud data structures and cloud computing can be compatible with the Chain of Trust. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.5.7 Fog systems | Fog is an improvement of Cloud. Fog was standardized in IEEE 1934 [i.67]. Fog extends Cloud in order to cope with huge number of IoT devices and big data volumes for real-time low-latency applications. Fog data structures and Fog computing can be compatible with the Chain of Trust. |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.6 Legal issues in Smart Legal Contracts | |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.6.1 Essential Overview | The present clause is about the concept of Smart Legal Contract (a Smart Contract with legal relevance), in terms of evidence of the script/contract itself: it is relevant to bring the Smart Contract, considered as a simple code script with only technological relevance, into the legal context drawn by both EU Regulatio... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.6.2 Legal parties | Before thinking the logical flow and surely before the writing the code, the present document discusses legal issues related to the rendering of parties legal will and intensions. For a Smart Legal Contract this analysis is even more critical than a traditional paper or an electronic contract: in fact, Smart Contracts ... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.6.3 Certified code translation and evidences | The present document discusses about logical/legal algorithmic faults detected by a TechLawyer, namely a Lawyer with Computer Science skills, able to work in Computer Forensics and able to render legal aspects into logical/diagram flows. The TechLawyer should be able to discern between computer code with no legal relev... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 5.7 Environmental and sustainability models of Smart Contracts | This topic, although essential, is not treated in the present document. 5.8 Underlying networks to support the deployment and execution of Smart Contracts As cited from eIDAS2 [i.2]: "(49) To ensure the proper functioning of European Digital Identity Wallets, European Digital Identity Wallet providers need effective in... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 6.2 Electronic identity issues | Based on the evaluation of electronic identity issues, a family of electronic identity schemes should be selected as standardized schemes for Smart Contracts. In addition, for those that could not fulfil the EU Regulations, clear guidance should be suggested for electronic identity scheme migration (especially for lega... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 6.3 Cybersecurity issues | Trust service providers for Electronic Ledgers and Smart Contracts are required to meet the requirements of the NIS2 Directive [i.11]. Moreover, ETSI EN 319 401 [i.13] defines general policy and requirements for the security of trust service providers aimed at meeting the requirements of NIS2 [i.11]. At the time of wri... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 6.4 Privacy issues | Privacy is an important factor to be taken into account for identification applied to Smart Contracts, in particular with regards to identification of the contracting parties. eIDAS signatures and eIDAS2 wallets support a number of features which support privacy. eIDAS electronic signatures and seals allow for the use ... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 6.5 Governance and Audit issues | Governance and audit issues are fundamental in the Chain of Trust. Three areas of issues need to be taken into account in considering the governance of systems supporting Smart Contracts: 1) eIDAS2 [i.2] Requirements for Electronic Ledgers i) Under definition for Electronic Ledgers as specified in eIDAS2 [i.2] Article ... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 6.6 Programming tools issues | SC Language Specification Team, SC Compiler Team, SC Virtual Machine Team, SC Language Publisher, SC Compiler Publisher, SC Virtual Machine Publisher, should cooperate in the production of the SC Compiler and a SC Virtual Machine. SC Developer Team and SC Legal Team and SC Publisher should cooperate to write a Smart Le... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 6.7 (Smart) legal issues | • Legal Compliance: The SC Publisher should ensure that Smart Contracts comply with relevant legal frameworks and can be validated against legal standards. • Contract-to-Code Translation: The SC Publisher should provide mechanisms to accurately translate Legal Contracts into executable Smart Legal Contracts, ensuring t... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 6.8 Data sharing issues | • Data Privacy: The (Qualified) Electronic Ledger should ensure that all shared data is encrypted and access- controlled to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access. • Data Integrity: The (Qualified) Electronic Ledger should implement mechanisms to verify that data has not been tampered with during transm... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 6.9 Decentralized execution issues | • Performance: The SC Publisher and the (Qualified) Electronic Ledger should execute efficiently, with minimal latency and resource consumption to ensure smooth operation across the network. • Reliability: The SC Publisher and the (Qualified) Electronic Ledger should ensure that Smart Contracts execute reliably under a... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 6.10 Interoperability issues | • Cross-Platform Compatibility: The (Qualified) Electronic Ledger should ensure that Smart Contracts can interact with other blockchains or systems, using standardized protocols and interfaces. • Data Standardization: The (Qualified) Electronic Ledger should use standardized data formats to ensure that information can ... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 6.11 Networks issues | • Pervasiveness: The network should support the users to access to the Smart Contracts with high availability and ubiquity (e.g. across urban and rural areas, fixed or mobile coverage). • Reliability: The network should support the users to access to the Smart Contracts with high service continuity (e.g. the reliable c... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 6.12 Open-source vs. Closed-source issues | Open-source may be a model to assess code during the software construction and maintenance: in this model Governance is distributed with a (un)limited number of participants (for example: Linux kernel™, GNU C-compiler). Open-source is also used by Governments as an extra non legal service to official services. As an ex... |
142241be1ea90643e055df0a41f4debe | 119 540 | 7 Conclusions | The Chain of Trust V1, at the time of the publication of the present document, represent a first attempt to list a sufficient set of interactions between entities, results produced, identification and assurance needs. A precise interaction between two or more entities is shown. The Chain of Trust V1 is translated in fo... |
2dcee41e2baaaa33138eef97ae9b5cc3 | 104 410 | 1 Scope | The present document supports the preparation of the answer to C(2025)4135 - Standardisation Request M/614 [i.3] further on called "SReq" in the present document. The present document is based on the input from ETSI TR 104 409 [i.1]. Both reports (the present document and ETSI TR 104 409 [i.1]) will prepare the normati... |
2dcee41e2baaaa33138eef97ae9b5cc3 | 104 410 | 2 References |
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