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2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i...
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3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
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3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI TS 103 673 [3] and the following apply: ontology: formal specification of a conceptualization, used to explicit capture the semantics of a certain reality
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3.2 Symbols
Void. ETSI ETSI TS 103 410-7 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 15
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3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ABS Anti-lock Braking System AEB Autonomous Emergency Braking ASD Aftermarket Safety Device AVP Automated Valet Parking CDD Common Data Dictionary DATEX Data Exchange DP Datatype Property ESP Electronic Stability Program GUID Globally Unique I...
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4 SAREF4AUTO ontology and semantics
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4.1 Introduction and overview
The present document is a technical specification of SAREF4AUTO, an OWL-DL ontology that extends SAREF [1] for the Automotive domain. The present document is a major revision of SAREF4AUTO ontology extension, developed in the context of the STF 653, using updated reference ontology patterns specified in ETSI TS 103 548...
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4.2 SAREF4AUTO
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4.2.1 General Overview
An overview of the SAREF4AUTO ontology is provided in Figure 1. For all the entities described in the present document, it is indicated whether they are defined in the SAREF4AUTO extension or elsewhere by the prefix included before their identifier, i.e. if the element is defined in SAREF4AUTO, the prefix is s4auto, wh...
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5 General additions to SAREF Core
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5.0 Overview
The present clause describes general additions to SAREF Core, not specific to the automotive domain. These additions could be incorporated in future versions of SAREF Core. ETSI ETSI TS 103 410-7 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 18
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5.1 Confidence Value and Confidence Level
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5.1.0 Overview
Figure 2 describes how a confidence value with a confidence level can be attached to a saref:PropertyValue. As a shortcut, a confidence level can be directly attached to saref:Observation or saref:PropertyValue. Figure 2: Confidence Value and Confidence Level Figure 3 provides a practical example. Figure 3: Example for...
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5.2 General Purpose Property Categories
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5.2.0 Overview
Figure 4 describes a number of general purpose property categories, that can be used to type instances of saref:Property. Figure 4: General Purpose Property Categories
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5.2.1 Property category s4auto:BooleanProperty
The class of properties whose value (saref:hasValue) is typically expressed as a xsd:boolean literal.
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5.2.2 Property category s4auto:DecimalProperty
The class of properties whose value (saref:hasValue) is typically expressed as a xsd:decimal literal.
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5.2.3 Property category s4auto:IndexedProperty
The class of properties whose values (saref:PropertyValue) are organized in a sequence using an index (defined using s4auto:hasIndex).
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5.2.4 Property category s4auto:IntegerProperty
The class of properties whose value (saref:hasValue) is typically expressed as a xsd:integer literal.
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5.2.5 Property category s4auto:StringProperty
The class of properties whose value (saref:hasValue) is typically expressed as a xsd:string literal.
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5.3 General Purpose Properties
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5.3.0 Overview
Figure 5 describes some general purpose properties, which are instances of saref:Property. ETSI ETSI TS 103 410-7 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 20 Figure 5: General Purpose Properties
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5.3.1 Property s4auto:Acceleration
This property represents an acceleration component value in a defined coordinate system.
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5.3.2 Property s4auto:CartesianAngularAcceleration
Is property of: s4auto:Vehicle This property represents the angular acceleration, described in a local Cartesian coordinate system, per default counted positive in a right-hand local coordinate system from the abscissa.
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5.3.3 Property s4auto:CartesianAngularVelocity
This property represents the angular velocity, described in a local Cartesian coordinate system, per default counted positive in a right-hand local coordinate system from the abscissa. ETSI ETSI TS 103 410-7 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 21
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5.3.4 Property s4auto:Length
This property represents length as a measure of distance between points or as a dimension of an object.
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5.3.5 Property s4auto:Orientation
This property represents the orientation of a feature of interest. Narrower properties further specify how the orientation is defined.
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5.3.6 Property s4auto:CartesianAngle
Broader property: s4auto:Orientation This property represents an angle described in a local Cartesian coordinate system, per default counted positive in a right-hand local coordinate system from the abscissa.
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5.3.7 Property s4auto:Wgs84Angle
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5.3.7.0 Definition
Broader property: s4auto:Orientation This property represents an orientation as an angle with regards to the WGS84 north.
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5.3.7.1 Property value s4auto:Wgs84AngleValue_wgs84North
Is value of property: s4auto:Wgs84Angle Value: 0 Orientation to the WGS84 north.
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5.3.7.2 Property value s4auto:Wgs84AngleValue_wgs84East
Is value of property: s4auto:Wgs84Angle Value: 900 Orientation to the WGS84 east.
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5.3.7.3 Property value s4auto:Wgs84AngleValue_wgs84South
Is value of property: s4auto:Wgs84Angle Value: 1 800 Orientation to the WGS84 south.
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5.3.7.4 Property value s4auto:Wgs84AngleValue_wgs84West
Is value of property: s4auto:Wgs84Angle Value: 2 700 Orientation to the WGS84 west.
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5.3.8 Property s4auto:Position
This property represents the position of a feature of interest. Narrower properties further specify how the position is defined. ETSI ETSI TS 103 410-7 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 22
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5.3.9 Property s4auto:GeoPosition
Broader property: s4auto:Position A position within a geographic coordinate system together with a confidence ellipse. Values should be described as GeoSPARQL geometries. Figure 6 provides a practical example. Figure 6: Example for Geo Position
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5.3.10 Property s4auto:Shape
This property represents the shape of a feature of interest. i.e.: Sphere, Torus, Cylinder, Cone, Ellipsoid, Cube, Cuboid, Pyramid, Prism, Multiple shapes. Narrower properties further specify how the shape is defined.
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5.3.11 Property s4auto:Velocity
This property represents a velocity component value in a defined coordinate system.
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5.4 Addendum to saref:ProcedureExecution
Figure 7 describes a small addition to saref:ProcedureExecution. s4auto:hasResultPosition links a procedure execution to the position where the activity was completed, expressed as a value of property s4auto:Position. Figure 7: Addendum to saref:ProcedureExecution
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6 Application of SAREF patterns
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6.0 Overview
The present clause describes different applications of SAREF patterns, in conformance to ETSI TS 103 548 [2]. ETSI ETSI TS 103 410-7 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 23
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6.1 Specializations of saref:hasIdentifier
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6.1.0 Overview
The datatype property saref:hasIdentifier is specialized in SAREF4AUTO as described in Figure 8. Figure 8: Specializations of saref:hasIdentifier
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6.1.1 Identifier s4auto:hasStationID
Links automotive objects to their identifier as defined in ETSI TS 102 894-2 [i.8].
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6.1.2 Identifier s4auto:hasUUID
A Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) is a 128-bit number used to identify items and is also known as: Globally Unique Identifier (GUID). In its canonical textual representation, the sixteen octets of a UUID are represented as 32 hexadecimal (base 16) digits, displayed in five groups separated by hyphens, in the form ...
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6.2 Road topology
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6.2.0 Overview
The present clause describes how the road topology can be represented with SAREF4AUTO, leveraging the SAREF4SYST extension of SAREF [2].
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6.2.1 Roads and Road Segments
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6.2.1.0 Overview
Figure 9 describes how roads consist of road segments, and intersections connect roads. Different narrower kinds of road segment are defined following ETSI TS 102 894-2 [i.8]. ETSI ETSI TS 103 410-7 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 24 Figure 9:Roads and Road Segments Figure 10 provides a practical example. Figure 10: Example for Roads...
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6.2.1.1 Feature kind s4auto:Intersection
A unique intersection, identified in accordance with ETSI TS 103 301 [i.16].
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6.2.1.2 Feature kind s4auto:Road
Roads consist of one or more s4auto:RoadSegment entities.
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6.2.1.3 Feature kind s4auto:RoadSegment
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6.2.1.3.0 Definition
A collection of road segments are used to describe a Road. Road segments consist of several lanes. a Road segment may consist of an inner hard shoulder and an outer hard shoulder. ETSI ETSI TS 103 410-7 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 25
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6.2.1.3.1 Feature kind s4auto:RoadSegment_noPassing
Broader feature kind: s4auto:RoadSegment Overtaking is prohibited for all vehicles.
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6.2.1.3.2 Feature kind s4auto:RoadSegment_noPassingForTrucks
Broader feature kind: s4auto:RoadSegment Overtaking is prohibited for trucks. 6.2.1.3.3 Feature kind s4auto:RoadSegment_nonUrban- NoStructuralSeparationToOppositeLanes Broader feature kind: s4auto:RoadSegment Non-urban road with no structural separation between lanes carrying traffic in opposite directions. 6.2.1.3.4 F...
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6.2.1.3.5 Feature kind s4auto:RoadSegment_passToLeft
Broader feature kind: s4auto:RoadSegment Vehicles should pass to the right lane.
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6.2.1.3.6 Feature kind s4auto:RoadSegment_passToRight
Broader feature kind: s4auto:RoadSegment Vehicles should pass to the left lane. 6.2.1.3.7 Feature kind s4auto:RoadSegment_urban- NoStructuralSeparationToOppositeLanes Broader feature kind: s4auto:RoadSegment Urban road with no structural separation between lanes carrying traffic in opposite directions. 6.2.1.3.8 Featur...
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6.2.2 Lanes
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6.2.2.0 Overview
Figure 11 describes how road segments are composed of lanes. Lanes are identified by (saref:hasIdentifier) using integer numbers between 1 and n, being number 1 the lane to the right when going forwards. The forward direction is the direction denoted by the vector which goes from the segment's start point to the segmen...
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6.2.2.1 Feature kind s4auto:Lane
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6.2.2.1.0 Definition
Lane of a road segment. Lanes are identified by (saref:hasIdentifier) using integer numbers between 1 and n, being number 1 the lane to the right when going forwards. The forward direction is the direction denoted by the vector which goes from the segment's start point to the segment's endpoint.
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6.2.2.1.1 Property s4auto:DrivingLaneStatus
In category: s4auto:BooleanProperty Is property of: s4auto:Lane This property indicates whether a driving lane is open to traffic. If a lane is closed to traffic, the corresponding value shall be set to *TRUE*. Otherwise, it shall be set to *FALSE*.
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6.2.2.1.2 Property s4auto:LaneWidth
Broader property: s4auto:Length ETSI ETSI TS 103 410-7 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 27 Is property of: s4auto:Lane This property represents the width of a lane measured at a defined position.
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6.2.2.1.3 Property s4auto:SpeedLimit
Broader property: s4auto:Velocity Is property of: s4auto:Lane This property represents a speed limitation applied to a geographical position, a road section or a geographical region.
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6.2.2.1.4 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_acceleration
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lane that allows vehicles entering a road to accelerate to the speed of through traffic before merging with it.
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6.2.2.1.5 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_bus
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lane dedicated to movement of buses providing public transport.
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6.2.2.1.6 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_cycleLane
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lane dedicated to exclusive or preferred use by bicycles.
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6.2.2.1.7 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_deceleration
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lane that allows vehicles exiting a road to decelerate before leaving it.
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6.2.2.1.8 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_dedicatedVehicle
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lane dedicated to movement of motor vehicles with specific characteristics, such as heavy goods vehicles, etc..
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6.2.2.1.9 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_emergency
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lane dedicated to vehicles in breakdown or to emergency vehicles also called hard shoulder.
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6.2.2.1.10 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_hot
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lanes that is allowed to be used without meeting the occupancy criteria by paying a toll.
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6.2.2.1.11 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_hov
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Carpooling lane or high occupancy vehicle lane. ETSI ETSI TS 103 410-7 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 28
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6.2.2.1.12 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_leftHandTurning
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lane reserved for slowing down and making a left turn, so as not to disrupt traffic.
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6.2.2.1.13 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_median
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lane not dedicated to movement of vehicles but representing a median / central reservation such as the central median, separating the two directional carriageways of the highway.
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6.2.2.1.14 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_minimumRiskManoeuvre
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lane dedicated to automated vehicles making a minimum risk manoeuvre.
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6.2.2.1.15 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_parking
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lanes dedicated to vehicles parking, stopping and loading lanes.
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6.2.2.1.16 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_pedestrian
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lanes dedicated to pedestrians such as pedestrian sidewalk paths.
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6.2.2.1.17 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_reversible
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lane where the direction of traffic can be changed to match the peak flow.
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6.2.2.1.18 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_rightHandTurning
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lane reserved for slowing down and making a right turn so as not to disrupt traffic.
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6.2.2.1.19 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_striping
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lane not dedicated to movement of vehicles but covered with roadway markings.
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6.2.2.1.20 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_taxi
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lane dedicated to movement of taxis.
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6.2.2.1.21 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_through
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lane dedicated to the movement of vehicles travelling ahead and not turning. ETSI ETSI TS 103 410-7 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 29
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6.2.2.1.22 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_trackedVehicle
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lane dedicated to movement of trains, trams and trolleys.
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6.2.2.1.23 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_traffic
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lane dedicated to the movement of vehicles.
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6.2.2.1.24 Feature kind s4auto:Lane_verge
Broader feature kind: s4auto:Lane Lane representing the verge, i.e. a narrow strip of grass or plants and sometimes also trees located between the road surface edge and the boundary of a road.
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6.2.3 Hard Shoulders
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6.2.3.0 Overview
Figure 13 describes how road segments consist of hard shoulders. Hard shoulders have a status property, that can therefore be observed or controlled. Figure 13: Hard Shoulders Figure 14 provides a practical example. Figure 14: Example for Hard Shoulders
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6.2.3.1 Feature kind s4auto:HardShoulder
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6.2.3.1.0 Definition
A hard shoulder of a road segment. There are two main kinds of hard shoulders: inner hard shoulders, and outer hard shoulders. ETSI ETSI TS 103 410-7 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 30
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6.2.3.1.1 Property s4auto:HardShoulderStatus
6.2.3.1.1.0 Definition Is property of: s4auto:HardShoulder, s4auto:InnerhardShoulder, s4auto:OuterhardShoulder This property indicates the current status of a hard shoulder: whether it is available for special usage (e.g. for stopping or for driving) or closed for all vehicles. The following property values are defined...
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6.2.3.1.2 Feature kind s4auto:InnerhardShoulder
Broader feature kind: s4auto:HardShoulder The innerhard shoulder of a road segment.
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6.2.3.1.3 Feature kind s4auto:OuterhardShoulder
Broader feature kind: s4auto:HardShoulder The outerhard shoulder of a road segment.
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6.3 Automotive Entities
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6.3.0 Overview
Figure 15 describes the hierarchy of feature kinds defined by SAREF4AUTO. Main kinds are also associated eponym classes (leveraging punning), such classes group the feature kind, narrower feature kinds, and features of interest of this kind. ETSI ETSI TS 103 410-7 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 31 Figure 15: Automotive Entities
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6.3.1 Feature kind s4auto:AutomotiveEntity
The main objects of interest in the automotive domain. s4auto:AutomotiveEntity belongs to the eponym class s4auto:AutomotiveEntity. This class groups s4auto:AutomotiveEntity, narrower feature kinds, and features of interest of this kind.
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6.3.2 Properties of Automotive Entities
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6.3.2.0 Overview
The present clauses describes properties that apply to any automotive entity.
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6.3.2.1 Position
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6.3.2.1.0 Overview
Figure 16 illustrates the different ways the position of an automotive entity can be described. ETSI ETSI TS 103 410-7 V2.1.1 (2024-08) 32 Figure 16: Position
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6.3.2.1.1 Property s4auto:Address
Broader property: s4auto:Position A position defined in terms of an address. It is out of scope of SAREF4AUTO to define the details of such an address. It is instead recommended to reuse existing ontologies that specify how to model an address in terms of Street, Postal Code, City, Region, Country, etc. Figure 17 provi...