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2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a...
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2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i...
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3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
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3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI TS 103 900 [1], ISO/IEC 9646-1 [i.1] and ISO/IEC 9646-7 [i.2] apply.
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3.2 Symbols
Void.
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3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ATS Abstract Test Suite CA Cooperative Awareness CAM Cooperative Awareness Messages ITS Intelligent Transport Systems ITS-S ITS-Station IUT Implementation Under Test PDU Protocol Data Unit PICS Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement SUT...
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4 Conformance requirement concerning PICS
If it claims to conform to the present document, the actual PICS pro forma to be filled in by a supplier shall be technically equivalent to the text of the PICS pro forma given in annex A, and shall preserve the numbering, naming and ordering of the pro forma items. A PICS which conforms to the present document shall b...
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1 Scope
The present document defines the transmitted signal characteristcis delivered across a HFC cable network to the customer network interfaces distributed within the home network received and processed by the consumer end terminals for reception of multimedia services. The signal characteristics are defined across the ope...
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2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which ar...
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2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. [1] CENELEC EN 60728-1: "Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services - Part 1: System performance of forward paths". NOTE: This European Standard supersedes EN 50083-7:1996 + A1:2000 + corrige...
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2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. Not applicable.
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3 Symbols and abbreviations
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3.1 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: dB decibel dBm decibel-milliwatt dBmV decibel-millivolt dBuV decibel microvolt dBuV/m decibel microvolt per meter E [V/m] electric field in Volts/meter k [1/m] Antenna factor for half wavelength dipole MHz Mega Hertz Ohm SI unit of electrical resist...
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3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: BER Bit Error Rate BS Base Station C/I Carrier to Interference C/N Carrier to Noise CATV Cable Television CISPR Comité international spécial des perturbations radioélectriques CM Cable Modem CMTS Cable Modem Termination System DVB-C Digital Vi...
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4 Cable Network Architecture Characteristics
The architecture of an HFC network is shown in figure 1. A digital backbone is used to bring the different signals to the headends (HE in the figure). From each headend fibers are used to connect to the different optical nodes in the field. The part between the headend and optical node is shown in more detail in figure...
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4.1 RF Spectrum Usage
The spectrum in the downstream is used for the delivery of different services to the households: • Analogue Television and FM radio. • Digital Television (including VOD). • Internet (IP). • Telephony (runs over IP). In CATV networks signals for analogue TV, digital TV and EuroDOCSIS (IP) are placed in the cable frequen...
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4.1.1 Analogue television
In Europe, analogue television is offered using PAL or SECAM modulation, PAL and SECAM are analogue modulation techniques. One TV-channel occupies 7 or 8 MHz of bandwidth. Operators typically offer a significant number of analogue TV channels (30 or more). The biggest advantage of analogue television is that users only...
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4.1.2 Digital Television
Digital Television includes both broadcast digital TV and Video-on-Demand services. DVB-C is the technology used on cable networks for the transmission of the signal on the cable. DVB-C defines the digital modulation technique (QAM) and Forward Error Correction. The FEC-scheme is fixed and is Reed-Solomon with 16 bytes...
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4.1.3 Internet (EuroDOCSIS)
Internet services in a cable network are provided over EuroDOCSIS technology. EuroDOCSIS uses the same modulation techniques as digital television (i.e. DVB-C with 64QAM or 256QAM). The cable modem termination system (CMTS) is the device located in the headend that generates the downstream signals and receives the upst...
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4.1.4 Telephony
Telephony in a cable network is provided over IP. As such it runs on top of EuroDOCSIS. This means that if the EuroDOCSIS system is not functional, telephony will not be functional anymore as well.
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5 Signal characteristics and protection criteria
This clause provides an overview and requirements of the signal characteristics of European CATV systems. The minimum, maximum and typical signal levels together with their required signal-to-noise ratio shall be specified and are determining factors when a maximum tolerated noise level is defined. Once this noise leve...
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5.1 Protection analogue TV signals as per EN 60728-1
Depending on the S/N level at the TV receiver the picture quality will degrade. For analogue TV picture quality is function of the power level in the main carrier versus the noise in the relevant bandwidth (typically called Carrier to Noise C/N), and the power level of the carrier with respect to a smallband interferer...
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5.3 Protection digital signals (DVB-C as used for EuroDOCSIS)
The minimum carrier-to-noise requirements for normal operation at various power-levels and modulations shall be as described in DOCSIS physical layer specification ETSI TS 102 639-2 [2] or Recommendation ITU-T J.222.1 [3], clause B.6.3. A modem operating in these ranges will achieve a post-FEC BER less than or equal to...
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5.4 Important remarks on signal characteristics
The various maximum noise levels presented in this clause are purely the result of norms and specifications. Therefore it is important to account for following remarks when a realistic maximum tolerated noise level is to be defined. It should be noted that the values of EN 60728-1 [1] are defined at the system outlet a...
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6.1.1 Methodology for calculation of NRS interference
The amount of signal picked up by a coaxial cable, cable modem, settop box, … in a certain field (interferer) is depending on the frequency of the interferer and the shielding effectiveness of the system. The induced voltage U [V] by an electrical field E [V/m] on a piece of wire or a complete system is determined by a...
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6.1.2 Determination of shielding effectiveness
When an estimate is made of the NRS interference on cable technology the shielding effectiveness parameter (  ) shall be selected according to the various definitions of shielding effectiveness that exist and are listed below.
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6.1.2.1 Passive cable equipment shielding effectiveness
The shielding efficiency (screening effectiveness) of passive cable equipment (taps, splitters, wall outlets, etc.) is normalized according to CENELEC EN 50083-2 [4]. For the frequency range 470 MHz to 1 000 MHz, passive equipment is classified either as class A or class B. Table 11: Passive cable equipment shielding c...
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6.1.2.2 Coaxial cable shielding effectiveness
The shielding effectiveness of coaxial cables is normalized according to CENELEC EN 50117-2-1 [5]. Coaxial cables are classified in Class A+, A , B or C (table 12). For cable networks at least class A, preferably A+, is to be used for deployments. Table 12: Coaxial cable shielding classes as defined per CENELEC EN 5011...
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6.1.2.3 Device shielding effectiveness
All broadcast receivers are required to fulfil the requirements defined in CENELEC EN 55020 [7] or CISPR 20 [8]. These standards define a screening effectiveness requirement of 50 dB. Practically it means that if a device (e.g. television set, not powered) is in an E-field of x dBmV/m then the voltage measured at the c...
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6.1.3.2 Case II: High shielding vs. Receive level
A second graph (figures 5a and 5b) clearly shows the scenario for different receiver level (low level, typical and high) per modulation profiles used by EuroDOCSIS cable modems (and with extension all DVB-C receivers). The shielding factor used is 75 dB which is considered very high and only to be attained by future ne...
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6.1.4 Remarks on the NRS bandwidth
• The calculations assume the NRS signal (e.g. an LTE signal) to be no larger than 8 MHz in bandwidth. If the signals were wider then interference will be lower. E.g. if the NRS signal was to be 16 MHz in bandwidth then EIRP power can be increased another 3 dB to reach the same interference level. • For the NRS signals...
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7 Experimental evidence of interference
This clause contains references to experiments that are representative as realistic situations with respect to the calculated results. These measurements are based on LTE800 Operation however when considering NRS operating in 700 MHz the coupling factor and other criteria needs to be assessed. Experimental evidence is ...
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7.2 LTE interference test, Kolberg Germany, December 2009
The tests executed in Kolberg verified immunity of integrated TV receivers, settop boxes and data-modems (EuroDOCSIS) connected to broadband cable and TV networks against radiation from LTE user equipment. The measurement report G531/01077/09 [9] produced as a result of the testing contains similar results as the calcu...
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8 Summary of impact to non-radio end-user equipment
Harmful interference from new radio services (NRS) such as LTE on cable systems can be characterized by three types of interference. The first interference exists between the NRS and the coaxial part of the HFC network (both in-home and external). The second type of interference is defined between the NRS system (e.g. ...
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1 Scope
The present document provides: • the technical specification of the globally applicable identifier of ITS application objects, referred to as "ITS Application ID" (ITS-AID); • requirements and specifications related to operational needs of ITS stations applying ITS-AID in protocol data units; • specification of technic...
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2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which ar...
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2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. [1] ISO/IEC 8825-2: "Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Packed Encoding Rules (PER)". [2] ISO 21217: "Intelligent transport systems - Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) - Architecture". ...
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2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] ETSI TR 102 707: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); ETSI object identifier tree; ITS domain". [i.2] ETSI ES 202 663: " Intelligent Transport System...
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3 Definitions and abbreviations
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3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in [2], [3], [5], [6], [7], [8] and the following apply: ITS application class: class of ITS applications with a procedural framework as specified in [5], [7], uniquely identified by the globally applicable ITS application identifier ITS-AID ITS ...
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3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in [2], [3], [5], [6], [7], [8], [i.11] and the following apply: cam Endpoint where processing of received CAMs starts ctx Endpoint where processing of received CTXs starts CTX ITS service context message FMT-ID Facility Message Type Identifier ITS-AID I...
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4 Global ITS application object management
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4.1 Classification
Management of ITS application objects first of all requires classification of them. A top level classification distinguishes: • ITS message sets; • ITS applications; • ITS application classes. A sub-classification according to the relevance for cooperative ITS can be identified and expressed e.g. by means of communicat...
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4.2 Technical operation
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4.2.1 Modes of communication
An ITS station may support the following modes of communication: • Transmission of messages to unknown recipients (broadcast or multicast communications). • Requests and responses in a session between two ITS peer station entities (single-hop unicast communications). • ITS-specific multi-hop communications. • Communica...
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4.2.2 Addressing in an ITS station
Address information has to go with every frame in order to select the proper instance of an ITS station or protocol inside an instance of an ITS station. Addressing basically is needed for every one of the three ITS layers (access layer, networking & transport layer, facilities layer) [2], [3]. It is contained in proto...
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4.2.3 ITS-AID and related data elements
The ITS application identifier ITS-AID is encoded in an address data element of ASN.1 type ITSaid with variable length as specified in clause A.2. Assignment of values of ITS-AID to a specific ITS application object will consider the number allocation and number reservation of DSRCapplicationEntityID [4], [5]. Thus for...
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4.3 Management procedures
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4.3.1 Overview
The management procedures are divided into two parts: • "off-line" procedures, to be performed by e.g. registration and certification authorities; • "on-line" procedures, to be performed in an ITS sub-system, especially in an ITS station. The purpose of these management procedures is to ensure proper, secure operation ...
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4.3.2 Off-line procedures
ITS application objects are uniquely identified by an ITS application identifier (ITS-AID), see also clauses 4.2.2 and 4.2.3. The registration of ITS application objects is performed by an ITS registration authority. The format of the globally unique ITS-AID is specified in annex A and illustrated in figure A.1. NOTE: ...
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4.3.3 On-line procedures
"On-line" management covers the following tasks for proper real-time operation of ITS sub-systems. These procedures are given by standardized protocols which run in ITS sub-systems, especially in ITS stations. • Installation, update and de-installation of ITS application objects in a protected environment, e.g. by an a...
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1 Scope
The present document contains the Abstract Test Suite (ATS) for Transmission of IP packets over GeoNetworking as defined in ETSI EN 302 636-6-1 [1] in compliance with the relevant requirements and in accordance with the relevant guidance given in ISO/IEC 9646-7 [i.5] . The objective of the present document is to provid...
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2 References
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2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a...
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2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i...
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3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
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3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI EN 302 636-6-1 [1], ISO/IEC 9646-1 [i.2] and in ISO/IEC 9646-7 [i.5] apply.
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3.2 Symbols
Void.
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3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ATM Abstract Test Method ATS Abstract Test Suite BI Invalid Behaviour BV Valid Behaviour EVI Expired virtual interfaces GVL Geographical Virtual Link IP Internet Protocol IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6 ITS Intelligent Transportation Systems ...
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4 Abstract Test Method (ATM)
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4.1 Abstract protocol tester
The abstract protocol tester used by the IPv6OverGeoNetworking test suite is described in figure 1. The test system will simulate valid and invalid protocol behaviour, and will analyse the reaction of the IUT. Figure 1: Abstract protocol tester - IPv6OverGeoNetworking
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4.2 Test Configuration
The IPv6OverGeoNetworking test suite uses a unique test configuration in order to cover the different test scenarios. In this configuration, the tester simulates one ITS station implementing the IPv6OverGeoNetworking protocol. IUT GVL_AREA1 GVL_AREA3 GVL_AREA2 ItsNodeA Figure 2: Test configuration CF01 ETSI ETSI TS 102...
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4.3 Test Architecture
The present document implements the general TTCN-3 test architecture described in ETSI EG 202 798 [i.1], clause 6.3.2. Figure 3 shows the TTCN-3 test architecture used in for the GeoNetworking ATS. The IPv6OverGeoNetworking test component requires using only the Main Test Component (MTC). The MTC communicates with the ...
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4.4 Ports and ASPs (Abstract Services Primitives)
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4.4.1 Introduction
Three ports are used by the IPv6OverGeoNetworking ATS: • The geoNetworkingPort, of type GeoNetworkingPort. • The ipv6OverGeoNetworkingPort, of type Ipv6OverGeoNetworkingPort. • The utPort of type UpperTesterPort.
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4.4.2 Primitives of the geoNetworkingPort
Two types of primitives are used in the geoNetworkingPort: • The geoNetworkingInd primitive used to receive messages of type GeoNetworkingPacket. • The geoNetworkingReq primitive used to send messages of type GeoNetworkingPacket. ITS TTCN-3 test execution ItsMtc (Sync component) ITS lower layers stack Upper tester tran...
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4.4.3 Primitives of the ipv6OverGeoNetworkingPort
Two types of primitives are used in the geoNetworkingPort: • The Ipv6OverGeoNetworkingInd primitive used to receive messages of type IPv6. • The Ipv6OvergeoNetworkingReq primitive used to send messages of type IPv6.
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4.4.4 Primitives of the utPort
This port uses two types of primitives: • The UtInitialize primitive used to initialise IUT. • The UtTrigger primitive used trigger upper layer events in IUT.
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4.4.5 Primitives of the taPort
This port uses the following primitives to trigger special behaviour in Test Adapter: • AcGn6InterfaceInfoList used to retrieve the list of IUT's link-layer interfaces with their configured IPv6 addresses. • AcGetLongPosVector used to retrieve IUT's position (extracted from IUT's beacon messages).
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5 Untestable Test Purposes
Table 2 gives a list of TPs, which are not implemented in the ATS due to the chosen ATM or other restrictions. Table 2: Untestable TP Test purpose Reason
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6 ATS conventions
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6.1 Introduction
The ATS conventions are intended to give a better understanding of the ATS but they also describe the conventions made for the development of the ATS. These conventions shall be considered during any later maintenance or further development of the ATS. The ATS conventions contain two clauses, the naming conventions and...
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6.2 Testing conventions
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6.2.1 Testing states
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6.2.1.1 Initial state
All test cases start with the function f_prInitialState. This function brings the IUT in an "initialized" state by invoking the upper tester primitive UtInitialize.
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6.2.1.2 Final state
All test cases end with the function f_poDefault. This function brings the IUT back in an "idle" state. As no specific actions are required for the idle state in the base standard, the function f_poDefault does not invoke any action. As necessary, further actions may be included in the f_poDefault function.
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6.3 Naming conventions
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6.3.1 Introduction
This test suite follows the naming convention guidelines provided in ETSI EG 202 798 [i.1].
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6.3.2 General guidelines
The naming convention is based on the following underlying principles: • in most cases, identifiers should be prefixed with a short alphabetic string (specified in table 3) indicating the type of TTCN-3 element it represents; • suffixes should not be used except in those specific cases identified in table 2; • prefixes...
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6.3.3 ITS specific TTCN-3 naming conventions
Next to such general naming conventions, table 4 shows specific naming conventions that apply to the ITS TTCN-3 test suite. Table 4: ITS specific TTCN-3 naming conventions Language element Naming convention Prefix Example identifier ITS Module Use upper-case initial letter Its"IUTname"_ ItsIpv6OverGeoNetworking_ Module...
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6.3.4 Usage of Log statements
All TTCN-3 log statements use the following format using the same order: • Three asterisks. • The TTCN-3 test case or function identifier in which the log statement is defined. • One of the categories of log: INFO, WARNING, ERROR, PASS, FAIL, INCONC, TIMEOUT. • Free text. • Three asterisks. EXAMPLE 1: log("*** f_utInit...
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6.3.5 Test Case (TC) identifier
Table 5: TC naming convention Identifier: TC_<root>_<gr>_<sgr>_<x>_<nn> <root> = root IPv6GEO IPv6 over GeoNetworking <gr> = group MG Message Generation MR Message Reception VM Virtual Interface Management <sgr> = subgroup GVL GVL TVL TVL NVI New virtual interfaces EVI Expired virtual interfaces <x> = type of testing B...
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1 Scope
The present document contains the Abstract Test Suite (ATS) for ITS GeoNetworking as defined in ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 [1] in compliance with the relevant requirements and in accordance with the relevant guidance given in ISO/IEC 9646-7 [i.6]. The objective of the present document is to provide a basis for conformance tes...
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2 References
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2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a...
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2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i...
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3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
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3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 [1], ETSI TS 103 836-4-1 [2], ISO/IEC 9646-1 [i.3] and in ISO/IEC 9646-7 [i.6] apply.
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3.2 Symbols
Void.
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3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AID Application ID ATM Abstract Test Method ATS Abstract Test Suite ETSI ETSI TS 102 871-3 V2.1.1 (2026-01) 8 BAA GeoBroadcast Advanced Algorithm BAH Basic Header BCA GeoBroadcast CBF Algorithm BEA Beacon BI Invalid test events for Behaviour t...
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4 Abstract Test Method (ATM)
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4.1 Abstract protocol tester
The abstract protocol tester used by the GeoNetworking test suite is described in Figure 1. The test system simulates valid and invalid protocol behaviour, and analyses the reaction of the IUT. Figure 1: Abstract protocol tester - GeoNetworking
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4.2 Test Configuration
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4.2.1 Test Configuration Overview
This clause introduces the test configurations that have been used for the definition of test purposes. The test configurations cover the various scenarios of the GeoNetworking tests. The test configurations show: • green ItsNode: ItsNode is in the communication range of the IUT. • red ItsNode: ItsNode is not in the co...
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4.2.2 Configuration 1: CF01
ItsNodeA is not in IUT's communication range ItsNodeB is in IUT's communication range is in direction of ItsNodeA is in AREA1 is in AREA2 IUT is in AREA1 Figure 2: CF01 ItsNodeA ItsNodeB IUT AREA1 AREA2 CF01 ETSI ETSI TS 102 871-3 V2.1.1 (2026-01) 11
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4.2.3 Configuration 2: CF02
ItsNodeB is in IUT's communication range is close to the centre of AREA2 is in AREA1 is in AREA2 ItsNodeD is in IUT's communication range is in direction of ItsNodeB is in AREA1 is in AREA2 IUT is in AREA1 Figure 3: CF02 ItsNodeB AREA1 AREA2 ItsNodeD CF02 IUT ETSI ETSI TS 102 871-3 V2.1.1 (2026-01) 12
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4.2.4 Configuration 3: CF03
ItsNodeA is not in IUT's communication range ItsNodeB is in IUT's communication range is in direction of ItsNodeA is in AREA1 is in AREA2 ItsNodeC is in IUT's communication range is not in direction of ItsNodeA IUT is in AREA1 Figure 4: CF03 ItsNodeA ItsNodeB IUT AREA1 AREA2 ItsNodeC CF03 ETSI ETSI TS 102 871-3 V2.1.1 ...
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4.2.5 Configuration 4: CF04
ItsNodeA is not in IUT's communication range ItsNodeB is in IUT's communication range is in direction of ItsNodeA is closer to ItsNodeA than ItsNodeD is in AREA1 is in AREA2. is close to the centre of AREA2 ItsNodeC is in IUT's communication range is not in direction of ItsNodeA ItsNodeD is in IUT's communication range...
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4.2.6 Configuration 5: CF05
ItsNodeB is in IUT's communication range is in AREA1 is close to the centre of AREA1 ItsNodeE is in IUT's communication range is in AREA1 IUT is in AREA1 is closer to ItsNodeB than ItsNodeE (Dist_R < Dist_F) Angle FSR formed by ItsNodeE, ItsNodeB and IUT is less than Angle_TH Figure 6: CF05 ETSI ETSI TS 102 871-3 V2.1....
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4.2.7 Configuration 6: CF06
ItsNodeB is in IUT's communication range is in AREA1 is close to the centre of AREA1 ItsNodeF is in IUT's communication range is in AREA1 IUT is in AREA1 is closer to ItsNodeB than ItsNodeE (Dist_R < Dist_F) Angle FSR formed by ItsNodeF, ItsNodeB and IUT is greater than Angle_TH Figure 7: CF06 ETSI ETSI TS 102 871-3 V2...