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8.1.4 UE antenna pointing loss
For any Land-Mobile (Class 10 and 11) UEs under normal use, the antenna subsystem shall be capable of being steered in the direction of any geostationary satellite whose orbital inclination does not exceed ±5º and whose longitude excursions does not exceed ±1º. The directional UE shall automatically keep the antenna po...
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8.1.5 Antenna Control
The Land Mobile Class UE shall control the antenna pointing direction based on 3D GPS position information. NOTE: The position information may be provided by an internal GPS unit. The response to the GPS position shall be sufficiently up-to-date to be accurate to within 1 500 metres. The calculation of the correct ante...
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8.2 Receiver requirements
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8.2.1 Gain-to-Noise Temperature Ratio
The RF receiving system gain to noise-temperature ratio (G/T) shall be in accordance with Table 8.2 for the relevant UE type in the direction of the satellite and under the simultaneous conditions specified in clause 5.2.1. Table 8.2: Minimum G/T Requirements for Land Mobile Class UEs UE Class Minimum Receiver G/T (dB/...
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8.2.2 Received Signal Levels
The requirements of clause 5.2.2 shall apply.
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8.2.3 Received Phase Noise
The requirements of clause 5.2.3 shall apply.
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8.2.4 Receiver Channel Tuning
The requirements of clause 5.2.4 shall apply. ETSI ETSI TS 102 744-2-2 V1.1.1 (2015-10) 62
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8.2.5 Received Signal Frequency Offsets
The requirements of clause 5.2.5 shall apply. It should be noted that Land-mobile terminals can introduce a Doppler shift of up to around ±300 Hz induced by a vehicle/train velocity of around 200 km/Hr in the direction of the satellite nominal position, and a rate of change of up to around 40-50 Hz. Any Land-Mobile Cla...
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8.2.6 Receiver Selectivity
The requirements of clause 5.2.6 shall apply, except for the additional consideration of the potential interfering system indicated in clause 8.2.2.
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8.2.7 Receiver Demodulation Characteristics
Land-Mobile Class UEs (Classes 10 and 11) UEs shall demodulate and decode QPSK and 16-QAM modulated forward bearers described in ETSI TS 102 744-2-1 [11] of this multi-part deliverable. The complete list of supported bearer types for these UE Classes is listed in Table 8.3. Table 8.3: Supported Bearer types for Land Mo...
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8.2.8 Acquisition and Synchronisation Performances
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8.2.8.1 Land-Mobile Class UEs (Classes 10 and 11)
No changes from clause 5.2.8, except for the blocking requirement. The blocking requirement is defined in the paragraph below. Assuming that timing and frequency offsets are known, and that blockage occurs for 5 consecutive frames, the FEC Block Error Rate (BLER) for the first FEC block of the 8th frame after the 5 blo...
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8.2.8.2 Tolerance to Signal Blocking
In order to prevent premature call clearing, it is recommended that provision be made in the receiver design to tolerate deep fading which can cause lower C/No conditions than those specified in clause 8.2.11.1 for short periods (e.g. of the order of seconds). ETSI ETSI TS 102 744-2-2 V1.1.1 (2015-10) 63 Additionally, ...
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8.2.9 Channel Characteristics/Impairments
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8.2.9.1 Fading Channel Model
For Class 10 and 11 UEs, multi-path fading shall be modelled with a Rician distribution caused by the interference between the direct line-of-sight (LOS) path and one reflected path (multi-path). Figure 8.1 illustrates the Rician fading model. Figure 8.1: Rician fading model for Land-Mobile UEs (Classes 10 and 11) The ...
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8.2.9.2 Channel Characteristics/Impairments
The UE Land-Mobile Class channel characteristics and reference impairments are contained in Table 8.5. Table 8.5: Channel Characteristics and Reference Impairments for UE Land Mobile Class Test Parameters Test Conditions C/M See Table 8.4 Fading BW See Table 8.4 Multipath Delay 0 μs delay spread and no differential Dop...
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8.2.10 Received C/No Measurement Accuracy
The requirements of clause 5.2.10 shall apply for the measurement accuracy requirements in 'Added Gaussian White Noise' (AGWN) conditions. Additionally, in the fading conditions of clause 8.2.9, the C/No of the received channel shall be measured or estimated in accordance with the following requirements (only applicabl...
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8.2.11 Demodulator Performance
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8.2.11.0 General
The requirements of clause 5.2.11 shall apply, except that for Class 10 and Class 11 (Land-Mobile) UEs, the UE receiver performance should be met in the presence of an uncorrected Doppler shifts due to UE movement of up to ±300 Hz (in addition to the 500 Hz frequency offset requirement indicated in clause 5.2.11), and ...
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8.2.11.1 Demodulator C/No and BLER Performance
For all the forward bearer types and subtypes as defined in clause 8.2.7, the UE demodulator shall achieve an FEC Block Error Rate (BLER) ≤ 1E-3 with the required C/No indicated in Table 8.6, as appropriate, for both the non-fading and the two fading scenarios contained within Tables 8.5 and Table 8.4. NOTE 1: The BLER...
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8.3 Transmitter requirements
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8.3.1 EIRP
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8.3.1.0 General
The UE nominal transmit EIRP shall meet the requirement stated in Table 8.7 at any frequency in the transmit band. This requirement shall include cable and any other losses. Table 8.7: Nominal UE EIRP for Land Mobile Class UEs UE Class Nominal UE EIRP (dBW) Class 10 18,0 Class 11 15,1
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8.3.1.1 Power Masks
The requirements of clause 5.3.1.1 shall apply.
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8.3.1.2 EIRP Congruency with received G/T
The requirements of clause 5.3.1.2 shall apply.
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8.3.1.3 EIRP Stability
The requirements of clause 5.3.1.3 shall apply.
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8.3.1.4 EIRP setting accuracy
The EIRP setting range, step size and setting accuracy shall meet the requirements stated in Table 8.8. The upper values of the EIRP setting range corresponds to the nominal EIRP. The UE shall support burst-to-burst power regulation within the limits and with the step size defined in Table 8.8. Table 8.8: EIRP setting ...
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8.3.2 Transmit Power Spectral Density Mask
Class 10 and 11 UEs shall meet the maximum transmit limit mask requirements contained in clause 5.3.2 and Table 5.12 specified for Class 1 and 2 UEs. This requirement shall be met simultaneously with the spurious emissions requirement (refer to clause 8.3.8).
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8.3.3 Transmitter Duty Cycle
The UE transmit system shall satisfy the performance requirements under all conditions, including continuous operation at the maximum power setting.
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8.3.4 Transmitter Off level
The non-transmitting state includes the 'idle' state, covering periods when the UE is not engaged in traffic, and periods between bursts, both reserved and contention slots. For above compliance purposes only, idle is defined as the period after the UE has not transmitted for more than 2 seconds. When a Class 10 and 11...
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8.3.5 Transmitter Modulation Characteristics
Class 10 and 11 UEs shall support all the bearer types/subtypes, data and coding rates specified in Table 8.9. Table 8.9: Summary of Return Bearer Types for Class 10 and 11 (Land-Mobile Directional) UEs Identifier Burst Duration (ms) Symbol Rate (kBd) Modulation FEC Blocks per Burst Code rates R5T1XD 5 33,6 16-QAM 1 Al...
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8.3.6 Transmitter Phase Noise
The requirements of clause 5.3.6 shall apply.
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8.3.7 Modulator Performance
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8.3.7.1 Transmit burst Error Vector Magnitude
The transmit burst mean squared Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) measured at the output of the HPA shall not exceed the values specified in Table 8.10 for Class 10 and Class 11 UEs. NOTE: A description of mean squared EVM is contained in clause 5.3.7. Table 8.10: Mean squared EVM requirements for Class 10 and Class 11 UEs ...
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8.3.7.2 Definition of mean squared EVM
The requirements of clause 5.3.7.2 shall apply.
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8.3.8 Spurious Radiated Emissions
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8.3.8.0 General
Class 10 and 11 UEs shall comply with Recommendation ITU-R M.1480 [1]. The unwanted emissions limits above 1 000 MHz contained within Recommendation ITU-R M.1480 [1] are categorised into Table 2a and Table 2b (see [1]) requirements. Land-Mobile Class UEs (Classes 10 and 11) shall comply with the Table 2b (see [1]) requ...
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8.3.8.1 Special spurious emission requirements in the 1 559 to 1 610 MHz band
The requirements of clause 5.3.8.1 shall apply.
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8.3.9 Transmit Channel Tuning
The requirements of clause 5.3.9 shall apply.
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8.3.10 Transmitter Frequency Accuracy and Stability
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8.3.10.0 General
The requirements of clause 5.3.10 shall apply. All commanded changes of transmit frequency including Doppler-tracking for the Land mobile UE Class should take place in the guard-time between transmitted bursts. If any frequency changes are commanded while transmitting a burst it will likely impact the transmitter modul...
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8.3.10.1 Land-Mobile UEs (Class 10 and 11)
Return frequency compensation shall be as per ETSI TS 102 744-3-2 [13] requirements. The transmit frequency shall be frequency-locked to the receive frequency, with appropriate scaling for the L-band frequency.
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8.3.11 UE Timing
The requirements of clause 5.3.11 shall apply.
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8.4 Positioning requirements
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8.4.1 UE Positioning Requirements
The requirements of clause 5.4.1 shall apply. During the transition from the current spot beam to an adjacent spot beam, Class 10 and 11 UEs are expected to perform a spot beam handover (see ETSI TS 102 744-1-2 [10]) which attempts to preserve the call session. Positioning information is required by the UE to initiate ...
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8.4.2 GPS Receiver Unit
The requirements of clause 5.4.2 shall apply. ETSI ETSI TS 102 744-2-2 V1.1.1 (2015-10) 70 Annex A (informative): Coverage volume for Aeronautical installations A.1 Declared coverage volume The declared coverage volume is the coverage volume over which the Aeronautical UE installation achieves the following performance...
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1 Scope
The present document provides the technical specifications of Detect And Avoid (DAA) mitigation techniques. These techniques are focused on the protection of active radio services. The following DAA mechanisms have been identified to protect the: • radio location services in the band 3,1 GHz to 3,4 GHz; • broadband wir...
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2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which ar...
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2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. [1] ETSI TS 102 883 (V1.1.1) (2012-08): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB); Measurement Techniques".
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2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] ECC DEC(06)04: "ECC Decision of 24 March 2006 on the harmonised conditions for devices using UWB technology in bands below 10.6 GHz; amended 9 Decembe...
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3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
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3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: avoid implementation time: maximum time taken to adjust to a new TX parameter set following signal level measurement and identification, Parameter: Tavoid impl avoidance level: maximum amplitude to which the UWB transmit power is set f...
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3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: T time f frequency D detection threshold I Isolation in dB P Power in dBm ETSI ETSI TS 102 754 V1.3.1 (2013-03) 8
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3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying BW Bandwidth BWA Broadband Wireless Access CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations CON Condition CPC Cognitive Pilot Channels DAA Detect And Avoid dBm Power emission relative to ...
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4 User defined clause(s) from here onwards
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4.1 User defined subdivisions of clause(s) from here onwards
The present clause defines a Detect And Avoid (DAA) based interference mitigation architecture for UWB devices to protect active victim services. In the following clauses the basis for and the individual DAA parameters for protection of specific services will be given.
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4.2 Zone model
The flexible DAA concept is based on the definition of different zones for which an appropriate UWB emission power level is authorized. Each zone corresponds to a minimum isolation between the potential victim system and the potential UWB interferer. Based on the minimum isolation an equivalent degree (see note below) ...
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4.3 Detect and Avoid operational flow
The defined zone model is incorporated into the overall detect and avoid operational flow. This flow is depicted in figure 2. UWB Device Power ON “Detect” operation Victim Signal Level estimation Victim Signal > Dthresh_1 UWB Operation in Zone 1 UWB Operation in Zone 2 UWB Operation in Zone N Victim Signal < Dthresh (N...
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4.4 Applicable frequency ranges
The required UWB operational frequencies are defined by the victim services. For the purposes of the present document the measurements are made at the -10 dBc [i.11] points. The operational frequency bands required are given in table 2. The UWB system bandwidth as defined by the -10 dBc [i.11] points shall at least par...
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4.5 DAA operational modes
To assure the repeatability of tests it will be necessary to ensure that all UWB radio devices under test follow a predefined start up and enter a known status following the start up. The condition at the end of the start up shall be dependent upon the test being undertaken. The suggested status is given in table 3. Ta...
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5 Detect framework
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5.1 Introduction
The clause introduces the detection options and victim service related detection parameters for the definition of the DAA test specification requirements. The limits for the test are given in the victim service related annexes A to C and are determined in the relevant ECC deliverable [i.2].
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5.2 Detect options
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5.2.1 Measurement of received victim signal strength
The approach of the measurement of the received victim signal strength is depicted in figure 4. The reliability of the decision process in comparing the zone thresholds with the measured victim signals shall depend on the type of signal measured and the signal to noise level of the measurement. The signal to noise rati...
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5.2.2 Processing of available external victim service information
An alternative to the measurement approach (depicted in clause 5.2.1) is the use of current DAA information obtained from other devices or systems within the receive range of the UWB device (e.g. a centralized DAA detector). This information can be used by the UWB device to set its own DAA parameters for its local envi...
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5.2.3 Combination of both
It is expected that systems will use a combination of the local measurements and the available external information. The operational flow using the combined approach is given in figure 6. This combined approach will optimize the UWB resource usage, improve detection performance, improve spectrum efficiency and minimize...
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5.3 Detection parameters
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5.3.1 Initial Channel availability check time
The UWB device shall perform victim system monitoring and shall be required to detect any actively operating victim system signals within a minimum time given by Minimum Initial Channel Availability Check Time, Tavail, Time. During the Minimum Initial Channel Availability Check Time, the device may operate in the non i...
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5.3.2 Maximum Detect and Avoid time, tavoid
Time duration between a change of the external RF environmental conditions and update or adaptation of the corresponding UWB operational parameters. The combined detect and avoid time shall include a number of parameters which are not accessible from the physical layer. These include: • Channel Availability Check Perio...
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5.3.3 Signal detection threshold, Dthresh
The UWB device shall employ a signal detection function that enables it to detect signals from active victim services. The currently identified services are BWA and radio location. This function shall be able to detect victim service signals and measure if the power level is above or below the Signal Detection Threshol...
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5.3.4 Detection probability
The detection probability is the probability that the DAA enabled UWB device reacts appropriately to a signal detection threshold crossing within the maximum detect and avoid time (see also clause 7.4). A minimum number of test runs shall be specified to express the required detection probability with a specified confi...
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6 Avoidance options
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6.1 Introduction
The aim of the avoidance process is to protect the victim service receiver while maintaining an operational link with peer UWB devices. Following the detection and identification of a victim system the selected avoidance option shall ensure the required protection level at the victim receiver. The avoidance options fal...
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6.2 Transmit power management
Transmit power management is the reduction of the UWB transmission power over the complete UWB operational band to the required level.
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6.3 Band relocation
Band relocation is an avoidance technique where the transmit band of the UWB device is relocated in the frequency domain to eliminate interference with the victim service. This protection may either be done by band shifting or band switching. Band shifting is a partial relocation of the active transmission band of the ...
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6.4 Frequency band notching
Frequency band notching is a frequency dependent transmit power management technique which protects the victim services frequency band. This technique has the advantage that out-of-victim-band UWB transmissions may be made at the maximum permitted power for the operational band in use (see also clause 6.8.1).
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6.5 LDC
Low duty cycle techniques reduce the total transmitted energy integrated over a period of time. This is achieved by transmitting at the maximum power for the given frequency band but restricting the transmission in duration. This technique is an unsynchronized time sharing avoidance method. As a consequence the LDC tec...
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6.6 Antenna techniques
Antenna techniques in general rely on the spatial distribution of the transmitted UWB signal. The spatial distribution of the signal may be controlled by the directivity of the antenna used. Possible examples include: switching, re-orientation, phased arrays.
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6.7 Combinations
In order to achieve the protection criteria and maintain an operational link with peer devices it may be necessary to combine a number of the avoidance techniques mentioned above.
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6.8 Avoidance parameters
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6.8.1 Minimum avoidance bandwidth
This is the minimum bandwidth over which the UWB devices shall reduce their transmission power below the maximum avoidance level. The values for the minimum avoidance bandwidth are given in annexes A to C. ETSI ETSI TS 102 754 V1.3.1 (2013-03) 19
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6.8.2 Default Avoidance bandwidth
This is the default bandwidth for the avoidance operation. This bandwidth has to be protected in the case a DAA enabled UWB device does not implement an enhanced victim service bandwidth identification mechanism. The values for the default avoidance bandwidth are given in annexes A to C.
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6.8.3 Maximum avoidance power level
The maximum avoidance power level is the UWB transmit power assuring the equivalent protection of the victim service. In the basic two zone model the maximum avoidance power level is equivalent to the NIM power level given in table 1. In the multizone model there is be a hierarchy of avoidance power levels associated w...
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6.9 Switching to LDC
UWB devices having LDC and DAA implemented and operating in all or part of the frequency band from 3,1 GHz to 4,8 GHz may also switch on the LDC parameter set to avoid interference to BWA services and radio navigation services as shown in table 4. Table 4: LDC limits LDC parameter Value Maximum Tx on ≤ 5 ms Minimum Mea...
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7 Test considerations
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7.1 General considerations
Any test must verify that the UWB device can detect a victim service and react within a specified time. Therefore the tests must be able to measure the detect and avoid times and the chosen avoid options. As far as possible tests shall be representative of the normal deployment of UWB devices which may be static, walki...
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7.2 Considerations for radio location services
A set of representative test patterns, simulating the full set of operational modes of radio location services will be specified. These patterns will use a combination of radar signal parameters such as pulse repetition interval, pulse width, modulation, bandwidth or burst repetition frequency. NOTE: This is comparable...
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7.3 Considerations for BWA services
The peak and average power of a BWA system based on OFDM is governed by the number of subcarriers and not the individual carrier modulation. In this case the use of a specific modulation scheme emulating the victim signal for test is assumed not to be critical. During test the emulated victim signal must have the same ...
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7.4 Maximum allowable measurement uncertainty
The measurement uncertainty for the measurement of each DAA parameter shall be defined. Measurements shall be repeated in order to determine an adequate detection probability with acceptable uncertainty for the selected victim signals. The reliability of the decision process in comparing the zone thresholds with the me...
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1 Scope
The present document provides a list of the 3GPP specifications and other external specifications that are referred to in the Family SL document series. The list highlights where an external specification applies and where Family SL documentation supersedes an external specification. The present document also provides ...
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2 References
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2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which ar...
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2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks in...
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3 Symbols and abbreviations
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3.1 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply. The following list of symbols applies to the entire Family SL multi-part series. µs microseconds b/s bits per second Bd Baud (symbols per second) ETSI ETSI TS 102 744-1-4 V1.1.1 (2015-10) 9 bits/s bits per second bits/second bits per second bytes by...
6d7b23174a450f0b9f5d99cf05b01fc9
102 744-1-4
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply. The following list of abbreviations applies to the entire Family SL multi-part series. 3G Third Generation 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project A AAL ATM Adaptation Layer ACI Adjacent Channel Interference ACK Acknowledgement AERO Aeronaut...
6d7b23174a450f0b9f5d99cf05b01fc9
102 744-1-4
4 Overview of 3GPP References
6d7b23174a450f0b9f5d99cf05b01fc9
102 744-1-4
4.0 General
The following tables list all the 3GPP references used in the Family SL specification, indicating which 3GPP specification applies or is replaced by a Family SL technical specification for the satellite radio interface. ETSI ETSI TS 102 744-1-4 V1.1.1 (2015-10) 16
6d7b23174a450f0b9f5d99cf05b01fc9
102 744-1-4
4.1 Normative references
Table 4.1: Normative 3GPP References 3GPP Specification Reference 3GPP Specification Short Title Referenced in Family-SL Part-subpart 3GPP Applicability or Indication of Replacement by Family SL Specification (see note) 3GPP TS 22.002 [1] Circuit Bearer Services (BS) supported by a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) ETS...
6d7b23174a450f0b9f5d99cf05b01fc9
102 744-1-4
4.2 Informative references
Table 4.2: Informative 3GPP References 3GPP Specification Reference 3GPP Specification Short Title Referenced in Family-SL Part-subpart 3GPP Reference for Information or Indication of Replacement by Family SL Specification (See note) 3GPP TS 22.003 [i.1] Circuit Teleservices supported by a Public Land Mobile Network (P...