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ase of use, steadiness and dependability (not constantly changing), use of standards and long-term support. A good example of this is the approach taken by Stripe, a US-based company whose platform enables payments over the internet. Their approach from the start was to build their platform with developers in mind, whe... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.401 | 0.872 | ["philosophy", "salary"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.849972 | [
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years”, and that it be done by just a couple of developers (Armstrong, 2018). According to Armstrong, the company counts the likes of Facebook, Lyft, Asos and Salesforce among its ecosystem partners. It is valued at USD20bn with around 80% of US internet users having passed through the Stripe ecosystem in 2018. The com... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.412 | 0.866 | ["networking"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.850075 | [
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munity, but by providing all necessary support (see support functions below) to drive developer adoption and advocacy. Communities For ecosystems to work properly, communities of participants need to exist. These participants should be able to develop products and services based on platform resources (via APIs). Expert... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.494 | 0.852 | ["philosophy"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.850165 | [
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intellectual property model whereby third party developers can fairly monetize their developments, 2) to open up the platform to a sufficient degree to allow and encourage innovation, 3) to ‘create community’ in the sense of enabling the exchange of ideas and fostering collaboration, and, 4) to provide an open door for... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.596 | 0.706 | ["communication", "innovation", "salary", "economy", "philosophy"] | 481 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.850235 | [
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fits can be significant as in the case of Stripe. By enabling people to invest and create new products and services on the platform, the ecosystem can provide a richer set of options to end-users. Moreover, the faster an ecosystem develops a positive reputation among developers and thus more join the platform, the more... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.452 | 0.846 | ["philosophy", "crisis", "networking"] | 449 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.850295 | [
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ects market expectations driving network effects. As more developers are attracted to the ecosystem, more users are drawn to new products and better services offered. Spearhead Products or Services The launch of ‘spearhead’ products or services is another essential driver of ecosystem development. These are products or... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.437 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "networking", "philosophy"] | 485 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.850364 | [
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der to target a particular segment of the market. This approach helps develop market expectations by signalling commitment. It shows that the ecosystem leader is committed and ready to “put money where their mouth is”. However, the real power of spearhead products or services is that they create a customer base that ca... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.384 | 0.874 | ["leadership", "economy"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.850452 | [
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more key spearhead games (think Call of Duty or the Mario Bros series) to drive early user adoption to consoles, which helps attract developers to the platform and in turn brings in even more users (network effects). Here the key challenge for an ecosystem leader is to define the right product or service that can becom... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.567 | 0.71 | ["leadership", "crisis", "networking", "philosophy"] | 450 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.850530 | [
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to develop it might not be available internally. Here is where the developer community becomes a key resource. For example, Apple is reportedly commissioning new original content (TV shows, movies, podcasts) as a competitive tool to expand its customer base and in turn attract new content creators in those new categori... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.418 | 0.846 | ["networking"] | 461 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.850587 | [
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tandem of market expectation and network effects. Another consideration raised by the panel in regards to spearhead products is to be careful in their selection, as ecosystem leaders can risk alienating ecosystem partners by launching products that directly or indirectly compete with theirs. Support Functions Ecosystem... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.424 | 0.836 | ["leadership", "networking"] | 469 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.850666 | [
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elements and enablers contained in an ecosystem. Another clear area for further research and development of the framework relates to its applicability for the long-term development of ecosystems, including attention to the relevance of each of the framework's elements as ecosystems mature over time. Conclusions Much ta... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.518 | 0.838 | [] | 461 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.850716 | [
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yet often underestimated (Valdez-de-Leon, 2018). Support functions are essentially the internal organisation and related functions that provide support to ecosystem participants. This capability goes beyond arms-length partnership agreements. Experts in our panel concurred that dedicated teams are invariably required t... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.487 | 0.842 | ["management", "negotiation"] | 511 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.850775 | [
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l your apps on our marketplace) and operational support (for example, “fulfilled by Amazon” logistics support services). Experts in the panel suggested their organisations have been offering developers things like a dedicated developer portal with SDKs (Software Development Kits), documentation and other forms of onlin... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.451 | 0.84 | ["war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.850846 | [
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rvices, app design guidelines and a channel-to-market for developers through its app marketplace. Revenue Model The revenue model constitutes a key feature of a successful digital ecosystems development undertaking. Ecosystem leaders looking to attract ecosystem participants need to define the right revenue generation ... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.471 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "innovation"] | 509 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.850906 | [
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novate (Valdez-de-Leon, 2015; Van Alstyne, 2019). Also, several revenue and partnership models will be needed that in turn will require new decision-making and management systems (Valdez-de-Leon, 2015, 2017; Van Alstyne et.al., 2016). Some partners will be attracted to a revenue-sharing model, while others will instead... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.459 | 0.834 | ["management", "decision_making"] | 478 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.850963 | [
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tion and early adoption in ecosystem communities. Another consideration here is the need to establish a revenue model that is aligned with the realities of current markets, and that is also fair to all partners involved. Likewise, to have an openness to a common drive to 'change in response to changes in the market’ as... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.443 | 0.88 | [] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.851018 | [
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o the high commissions that Apple and Google capture as ecosystem leaders through their respective app stores. Governance Lastly, for an ecosystem to work well and grow, a clear set of rules is required. This means that a transparently established ecosystem governance model is needed (Cusumano and Gawer, 2002; Valdez-d... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.436 | 0.844 | ["leadership"] | 484 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.851079 | [
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the rules of engagement among ecosystem partners. It also sets out processes to deal with disputes, as well as how value will be distributed based on the agreed revenue model, as described earlier. In the end, just like all other enablers described here, the governance model needs to be defined in a way that supports t... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.438 | 0.87 | [] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.851174 | [
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uiding tool when developing their digital ecosystem strategies, be it as an ecosystem leader, or as a participant in an existing ecosystem. The framework was structured in a way that explains the key components, yet with its primary focus being on practical application of the six enablers in forming viable platform-bas... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.435 | 0.85 | ["philosophy", "leadership", "strategy", "resume"] | 472 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.851285 | [
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of the ecosystem, and the strategy being pursued. The framework is not stringently prescriptive in its application, and allows for flexibility in the usage intensity of each of its enablers. The two cases briefly described in the appendix help illustrate how the various elements in the framework, although always presen... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.477 | 0.862 | ["strategy", "networking", "resume", "philosophy"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.851359 | [
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m was essential to the development of the ecosystems. The former began establishing market expectations by partnering with Avery, and by jointly launching a spearhead product, thus kick-starting its network effects. The latter used a pilot project in Amsterdam, and a very successful kickstarter campaign as a spearhead ... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.464 | 0.854 | ["networking", "philosophy"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.851416 | [
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ted, iterated and deployed, in both cases to foster developer communities, and in turn continue to provide momentum to their ecosystem's network effects flywheel. Other Potential Uses of the Framework The framework is also expected to be useful as a form of checklist. When developing a digital ecosystem strategy and re... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.611 | 0.832 | ["strategy", "networking", "philosophy"] | 415 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.851501 | [
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be used as a reference to check for blind spots. Moreover, it could also be used as a reference for bench-marking ecosystems in general, whether to evaluate an ecosystem's long-term viability (how are the enablers being used?), to assess if it is worth joining an ecosystem, or as a way to compare two or more ecosystems... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.462 | 0.856 | [] | 457 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.851566 | [
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em use case, it should also be further developed. The research used to construct the framework as described herein, provides an initial attempt with its own limitations in terms of magnitude and scope. The research could be expanded, both in scope and magnitude, as well as taking into account the application of other m... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.464 | 0.846 | ["resume"] | 448 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.851626 | [
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is clearly understood about their inner workings. More importantly, however, many new smaller companies emerging in current markets are interested in how organisations beyond these giants, can play with the ecosystem paradigm. The motivation behind the creation of the framework presented herein and the research behind ... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.475 | 0.858 | ["motivation"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.851686 | [
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ling value creation in various markets, then it is essential that, the sooner the better, early adopting organisations and entrepreneurs understand how these ecosystems work. The research carried out to develop this framework has been a result of ample literature review, and many years of combined experience within our... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.467 | 0.856 | [] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.851734 | [
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ide for organisations and practitioners to deal with the transition towards digital ecosystems. Acknowledgements The author would like to acknowledge and thank the contributions both in terms of survey responses, discussions and interviews with people that agreed to take part in the expert panel, including: Dominique G... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.517 | 0.852 | ["education", "networking", "interview", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.851792 | [
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ing Group AG 001.41 Internet of Things Ajit Jaokar, Principal Data Scientist and tutor at Oxford University Mirko Ross, Co-founder and CEO of Digitalworx, an IoT Software Developing Company Robert van der Veur, Project Manager IoT, BI & Analytics at Sogeti Nedeland Joachim Lindborg, CTO Sustainable Innovation AB, CEO L... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.563 | 0.708 | ["innovation", "strategy", "management", "war_conflict", "education"] | 511 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.851868 | [
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rategy & Innovation at Centric David Cuartielles, co-founder of the open source platform Arduino Ian Skerrett, former VP of Marketing at Eclipse Foundation Dr. Robert Plana, Chief Technology Officer at Assystem Carl Piva, ex-Member of the TMForum and initiators of the City-as-a-Platform Manifesto Rob Van Kranenburg, Fo... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.577 | 0.706 | ["philosophy", "innovation"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.851998 | [
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ncluded in this paper, as well as to Dominique, Wienke and Philipe for their openness and insights provided during the interviews. References Armstrong, S. 2018. The Untold Story of Stripe, the Secretive $20bn Startup Driving Apple, Amazon and Facebook, Wired , Long Reads. Online: https://www.wired.co.uk/article/stripe... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.557 | 0.682 | ["strategy", "interview", "salary", "philosophy"] | 488 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.852065 | [
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ian for “Talking IoT with Ericsson”, May 6, 2019. Available at: https://www.ericsson.com/en/internet-of-things/trending/talking-iot-with-ericsson (Last accessed: 15 May 2019) Senyo, P. K., Liu, K., & Effah, J. 2019. Digital Business Ecosystem: Literature Review and a Framework for Future Research. International Journal... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.579 | 0.68 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.852479 | [
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com Available online: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-16/apple-plans-to-bankroll-original-podcasts-to-fend-off-rivals (Last accessed: 18 Jul 2019) Van Alstyne, M. W., Parker, G. G., & Choudary, S. P. 2016. Pipelines, Platforms, and the New Rules of Strategy. Harvard Business Review , 94 (4): 54-62. Van ... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.575 | 0.678 | ["philosophy", "strategy", "crisis", "economy"] | 501 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.852535 | [
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l Economy , Briefing Paper, World Economic Forum. Online: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Digital_Platforms_and_Ecosystems_2019.pdf (Last accessed: 12 May 2019) Valdez-de-Leon, O. 2015. Elements and Enablers: How to Develop an Operator IoT Ecosystem. Ericsson Business Review . Online: https://www.slideshare.net/omarvl... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.603 | 0.552 | ["economy", "philosophy"] | 495 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.852632 | [
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May 2019. Woodard, C. J. and Clemons, E. K. 2014. Modeling the Evolution of Generativity and the Emergence of Digital Ecosystems. ICIS 2014: Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Information Systems, Auckland, December 14-17, 2014, Research Collection School Of Information Systems. Zhu, F. and Iansiti, M.... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.622 | 0.672 | ["philosophy", "education"] | 411 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.852789 | [
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s Don’t. Harvard Business Review , Jan-Feb Issue. Appendix – Excerpts from two expert panel interviews EVRYTHNG ( EVRYTHNG ) Excerpt from an interview with Dominique Guinard, Founder and CTO of EVRYTHNG Dominique Guinard: EVRYTHNG is a Smart Products Platform connecting consumer products to the Web and managing real-ti... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.537 | 0.848 | ["interview", "philosophy", "management", "resume"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.852862 | [
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l-time interactive experiences and provides support services to consumers, connecting their digital lives in the ecosystem with other applications and products. More information on EVRYTHNG can be found on https://evrythng.com/ What has EVRYTHNG’s approach been to developing their ecosystem? Dominique Guinard: The case... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.39 | 0.852 | ["resume", "economy", "philosophy"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.852913 | [
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lement to kick-starting its apparel industry ecosystem. Instead of launching a product with its own brand, it partnered with a packaging and labelling supplier of brands. As an example, Avery’s Janela Connected Products platform is provided by EVRYTHNG and provides billions of products with a digital identity. More imp... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.417 | 0.85 | ["economy", "philosophy"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.852974 | [
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s such as handbags, which were not hitherto ‘connected’. Another key enabler for the EVRYTHNG ecosystem is the robust set of developer tools that focus on bringing together all kinds of technologies, standards and ecosystems in a common way. The tools include SDKs for all major device platforms and IoT protocols, conne... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.412 | 0.848 | ["philosophy"] | 485 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.853025 | [
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for developers to leverage EVRYTHNG’s ecosystem. For example, it offers device manufacturers and software developers a quicker route to a NEST certification by using its own integration with the NEST cloud and making this available to its community. By saving time and providing resources for developers, this attracts d... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.51 | 0.822 | ["networking", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 417 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.853076 | [
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s drives market expectations and network effects. What have the results been so far? Dominique Guinard: As of January 2018, EVRYTHNG manages about 1 Billion unique digital identities for brands such as Coca Cola, Avery, Rebecca Minkoff, Unilever, Mondelez or Diageo. Close to 10,000 developers have subscribed to the EVR... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.406 | 0.838 | ["networking"] | 462 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.853124 | [
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manufacturers such as Avery, Crown and Westrock. This accounts for billions of Consumer Packaged Goods (CPGs) and apparel products being made with digital capabilities . The Things Network ( https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/ ) Excerpt from an interview with Wienke Giezeman, Founder of The Things Network Wienke Giezeman... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.411 | 0.826 | ["networking", "interview"] | 445 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.853175 | [
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based on LoRaWAN wireless networking technology. It aims to create an open, user-built data infrastructure for the IoT. It has more than 70,000 users globally and network nodes in 138 countries. Like the internet a few decades ago, supporters of the TTN initiative expect the IoT to grow organically, and to become decen... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.417 | 0.854 | ["networking"] | 469 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.853232 | [
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rk’s approach been to developing their ecosystem? Wienke Giezeman : The Things Network is a LoRaWAN platform with a reference architecture that enables users anywhere in the world to co-create the network itself. To develop such a self-organising ecosystem, TTN has relied heavily on a well-documented digital architectu... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.449 | 0.842 | ["networking", "philosophy", "resume"] | 443 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.853285 | [
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e the platform to user applications via its APIs. It all started with a pilot project in Amsterdam that brought together several businesses to create a city-side network in a matter of weeks. This was followed by a very successful Kickstarter campaign to build the base equipment for TTN. These two things in turn helped... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.583 | 0.846 | ["networking", "resume", "philosophy"] | 446 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.853352 | [
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dependent on community-building for its success. All along, users have been and are still required to install the nodes themselves in order to connect to the platform. There is no cost to join or run applications. The only contribution requirement is that nodes can be used by anyone in the community. The community itse... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.445 | 0.868 | ["communication", "management", "resume", "philosophy"] | 510 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.853423 | [
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nline forums, where members rely on each other to provide support. For cases where the user might not be so technically-savvy, TTN also partners with professional services companies to provide specialised support. Finally, TTN organises events to help bring the community together and to spread the benefits of its open-... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.444 | 0.86 | ["career", "salary"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.853480 | [
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ear governance model have been key to the rapid growth of TTN. What have the results been so far? Wienke Giezeman : At this moment, we have more than 70,000 members. The global network has 7,511 gateways up and running in 138 countries. Additionally, there are more than 23k applications deployed. To compare, three year... | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.578 | 0.872 | ["networking", "resume"] | 500 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.853560 | [
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rown exponentially over the last couple of years. : Cite this article: Log in or register to post comments BibTeX RTF Tagged MARC EndNote XML RIS Rate This Content: 4 votes have been cast, with an average score of 5 stars Keywords: Digitization, Topic: Technology Entrepreneurship | https://timreview.ca/article/1260 | How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem: a Practical Framework | timreview.ca | unknown | false | 0.552 | 0.792 | [] | 280 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:30.853626 | [
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Cities Environ . Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1. Published in final edited form as: Cities Environ. 2018;11(1):1–15. The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework Alessandro Ossola Alessandro Ossola 1 United States Environmental Protection... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.599 | 0.846 | ["strategy", "philosophy"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.056588 | [
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Laura Schifman 2 , Dustin L Herrmann Dustin L Herrmann 3 Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participant Program with the United States Environmental Protection Agency Find articles by Dustin L Herrmann 3 , Ahjond S Garmestani Ahjond S Garmestani 4 United States Environmental Protection Agency Find a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.52 | 0.712 | ["war_conflict", "education"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.056762 | [
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E Hopton Matthew E Hopton 6 United States Environmental Protection Agency Find articles by Matthew E Hopton 6 Author information Copyright and License information 1 United States Environmental Protection Agency 2 United States Environmental Protection Agency 3 Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Part... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.523 | 0.688 | ["education", "philosophy"] | 510 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.056829 | [
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be different from that of residents ( Cook et al. 2012 ). Further, high tenancy turnover rates might reduce community involvement in environmental issues ( Andreasen 1996 , El-Zein et al. 2006 ), the efficacy of community educational efforts and social learning ( van Heezik et al. 2012 , Beumer and Martens 2015 ), or e... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.379 | 0.856 | ["education"] | 443 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.056922 | [
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ad to the generation of urban ecosystem services. For instance, a private residential yard might provide different ecosystem services based on different tenancy and stewardship mediators ( Fig. 2 ). A tenant maintaining the yard could in fact mediate lower biodiversity or stormwater benefits compared to the owner engag... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.452 | 0.842 | ["war_conflict", "salary"] | 455 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.056978 | [
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iversity 6 United States Environmental Protection Agency Present address of AO: Centre for Smart Green Cities; Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Building E8B, room 321; North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia Present address of LAS: Department of Biology; Boston University; 5 Cummington Mall; Bo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.556 | 0.69 | ["communication", "education", "strategy"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.057031 | [
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recent investigations have assessed the provision of ecosystem services from the private realm. However, these assessments are largely based on the concept of ownership and fail to capture the complexity of service provision mediated by interactions between people and ecological structures. In fact, people interact wit... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.411 | 0.826 | ["strategy", "war_conflict"] | 443 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.057087 | [
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r modulating the provision of ecosystem services. We devise a theoretical framework based on the concepts of ownership, tenancy, and stewardship, in which people, as mediators of ecosystem services, regulate the provision of services throughout the private-social-public domain. We survey relevant literature describing ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.606 | 0.81 | ["strategy", "war_conflict"] | 419 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.057140 | [
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work focused on the private-social-public domain. Our framework can advance ecosystem service research and enhance the provision of ecosystems services. The inclusion of people’s individual, social and public roles in the mediation of ecosystem services could improve how benefits are planned for, prioritized, and optim... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.61 | 0.832 | ["salary", "strategy"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.057202 | [
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system services have flourished in the last two decades (e.g., Bolund and Hunhammar 1999 , Gómez-Baggethun et al. 2013 , Luederitz et al. 2015 ). Though a universal definition of urban ecosystem services is yet to be achieved, these can be generally referred to as “ services that are […] produced by ecological structur... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.41 | 0.722 | [] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.057250 | [
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logy that assumes ecological structures (e.g., vegetation, unsealed soil, etc.) to be homogenous within the same land use type (e.g., Breuste et al. 2013 , Haase et al. 2014 , Grafius et al. 2016 ). However, much of ecosystem service provision is mediated by more complex interactions between people and urban ecological... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.382 | 0.696 | ["strategy", "management"] | 449 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.057306 | [
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scales ( Borgström et al. 2006 , Ernstson 2013 ). People have varied personal values, attitudes, and preferences toward the urban environment ( Cook et al. 2012 , Lovell and Taylor 2013 ), which are reflected in the different capacity, breadth, and timing of their environmental activity. For example, individuals might ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.387 | 0.866 | ["ethics", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.057395 | [
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nd manage ( Ossola and Hopton 2018a ), but also participating in community tree planting efforts within their neighborhood, and even encouraging their local government to implement larger urban forest strategies. In this way, the interactions between people and urban ecological structures can affect not only the extent... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.569 | 0.856 | ["strategy", "governance"] | 511 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.057476 | [
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assauer and Raskin 2014 , Dallimer et al. 2015 ). People in democratic societies are organized through hierarchical non-exclusives spheres - individuals, communities, and government ( Hanna and Jentoft 1996 ). These, however, represent more than simple spheres of individual or communal activity, including shared knowle... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.496 | 0.852 | ["governance", "education"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.057544 | [
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ple roles in modulating ecosystem service provision throughout what we define as private-social-public domain . This integrated domain is particularly relevant in modern cities and towns where people are closely related to each other and where most of the global human population lives (United Nations 2015 ). In this co... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.426 | 0.852 | ["strategy", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.057596 | [
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ensions in which people, in their role of ecosystem service mediators, regulate service provision throughout the privatesocial-public domain . At the outset, we describe these dimensions by analyzing relevant investigations of urban ecosystem services. Then, we discuss how a framework based on the private-social-public... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.434 | 0.826 | ["strategy"] | 465 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.057661 | [
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services under urban socio-environmental change. Ownership, tenancy, and stewardship as conceptual foundations Private, collective, and public ownership Asset ownership is perhaps the most evident trait of all urban areas ( Svendsen and Campbell 2008 ), yet the product of the biophysical, historical, socio-economic, an... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.386 | 0.842 | ["war_conflict"] | 511 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.057726 | [
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pervious surface, is the most widespread tenure regime ( Goddard et al. 2010 , Gaston et al. 2013 , Andersson et al. 2014 ), though collective ownership of yards, green commons, community gardens, and green roofs is increasingly popular ( Robertson 2012 , Colding et al. 2013 ). As such, most urban ecological structures... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.369 | 0.874 | ["faith_spirituality", "philosophy"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.057810 | [
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paces cover an area of 6070 km 2 ( The Trust for Public Land 2011 ), whereas the yard area of the 90 million households exceeds 81,000 km 2 ( Borman et al. 2001 ). In the UK, 87% of households (22.2 million) have yards that span across 4430 km 2 of urban land ( Davies et al. 2009 ), whereas the nearly 16,000 public gre... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.359 | 0.894 | ["family"] | 501 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.057903 | [
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’s 52,000 public greenspaces ( ABS 1997 , 2007 ). Because privately and collectively-owned areas make up most of urban landscapes, it is therefore not surprising that recent ecosystem service investigations have shifted focus from public urban greenspace ( Bolund and Hunhammar 1999 , Chiesura 2004 , Young 2010 ) to inc... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.416 | 0.888 | [] | 510 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.057951 | [
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el et al. 2016 , Lin et al. 2017 , Niemiec et al. 2017 ). A general aspect related to ownership is that ecosystem services are often generated via socio-environmental processes that transcend both physical and intangible boundaries set by asset ownership, such as fences or administrative borders ( Lockie 2013 ). For ex... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.43 | 0.864 | [] | 511 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.057997 | [
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ndary habitat patches or ecological corridors for urban biodiversity ( Goddard et al. 2010 ). Similarly, unsealed soil within residential properties can cumulatively decrease stormwater runoff while generating larger hydrological services for urban communities ( Green et al. 2012 ). In fact, private and collective owne... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.409 | 0.83 | ["faith_spirituality"] | 434 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.058046 | [
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ecosystem services in urban areas ( Gaston et al. 2013 ); ii) promote the decentralization of service provision ( Dennis et al. 2016 ); and iii) reduce overall risks and individual costs related to service provision ( Green et al. 2016b ). The presence of a large number of relatively small mediators of ecosystem servic... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.622 | 0.848 | ["strategy", "management"] | 429 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.058111 | [
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ms ( Colding and Barthel 2013 , McPhearson et al. 2015 ), because the loss of some mediators can be theoretically offset by the large number of them remaining across the urban landscape. Property rights associated with ownership, however, set both entitlements and obligations ( Lockie 2013 ), that can indirectly lead t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.451 | 0.858 | ["social_justice"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.058168 | [
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l biodiversity and increase environmental pollution ( Amweg et al. 2006 , Raciti et al. 2011 ). Similarly, impervious paving within residential yards can increase stormwater runoff within neighborhoods ( Perry and Nawaz 2008 ). Some private and collective ownership entitlements, such as the exclusion of non-owners ( An... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.41 | 0.854 | ["social_justice", "philosophy"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.058219 | [
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98 , Hunter and Brown 2012 , Minor et al. 2016 ). Although more spatially limited than residential tenancy, tenancy of public land, such as urban green commons and community gardens, represents a further form of tenure when actioned through the payment of rent or fees ( Colding et al. 2013 ). Figure 1. Open in a new ta... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.466 | 0.718 | ["salary", "philosophy"] | 489 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.058270 | [
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alth, and socio-environmental justice ( Wolch et al. 2014 , Hand et al. 2016 ). Further, the higher number of small private and collective mediators can increase temporal variability and spatial heterogeneity of provision of ecosystem services as compared to public mediators, and even generate conflicting outcomes for ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.522 | 0.854 | ["strategy", "management", "war_conflict", "social_justice", "education"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.058327 | [
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ltural knowledge, or management practices and preferences ( Harris et al. 2013 , Niemiec et al. 2016 ). This can limit heterogeneity and variability of ecosystem service provision ( Sisser et al. 2016 ), but also reinforce practices leading to some ecosystem disservices, such as those related to the misuse of water and... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.392 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "strategy", "management", "salary", "education"] | 491 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.058410 | [
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ir obligations for greater non-personal benefits. For example, about 20% of the US population (>60 million people) lives in more than 300,000 neighborhoods regulated by homeowner associations that require standard asset management practices, such as those related to maintenance and landscaping ( Lerman et al. 2012 ). T... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.576 | 0.84 | ["strategy", "management", "salary", "family"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.058466 | [
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while limiting its temporal variability and spatial heterogeneity, as reported for urban biodiversity conservation ( Martin et al. 2003 , Lerman et al. 2012 ). Ultimately, owners can also entirely renounce their property rights when abandoning urban land and built structures as in shrinking cities ( Green et al. 2016a ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.403 | 0.866 | ["social_justice"] | 508 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.058560 | [
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henomenon despite the rampant urbanization trend. In a post-ownership regime, urban vacant land might well represent a non-property when not claimed or purchased by a new owner ( Colding et al. 2013 ). However, property rights and the contextual duty of care ( Lockie 2013 ) are more often transferred to other owners, s... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.42 | 0.844 | ["governance", "social_justice"] | 427 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.058622 | [
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nd banks ( Alexander 2015 , Green et al. 2016a ). Although urban vacant land is more frequently associated with ecosystem disservices rather than services ( Nassauer and Raskin 2014 ), it can still provide important emerging or lost benefits, through appropriate environmental restoration and management ( Burkholder 201... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.352 | 0.866 | ["communication", "management", "salary", "social_justice", "philosophy"] | 511 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.058685 | [
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limited and temporary ownership rights and duties over an asset, usually through a monetary exchange regulated by a contract (e.g., rent under a lease agreement) ( Wehrwein and Woodbury 1930 ). In the last century, tenancy has generally decreased in favor of ownership; however, the former still represents a significant... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.385 | 0.862 | ["negotiation", "social_justice", "family", "philosophy"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.058758 | [
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% of total households ( Wehrwein and Woodbury 1930 ), but they have progressively decreased to 30% to date ( Callis and Kresin 2016 ). Similarly, 36% of residential units in the UK are currently rented ( UK Department for Communities and Local Government 2015 ). Based on real estate dynamics, urban assets are frequentl... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.498 | 0.868 | ["governance", "family"] | 498 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.058816 | [
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oached 10% nationwide ( Callis and Kresin 2016 ). As opposed to ownership, significantly higher turnover rates also characterize tenancy. The current average length of tenancy for a household in the UK is about 3.5 years ( UK Department for Communities and Local Government 2015 ). Likewise, about 40% of the Australian ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.497 | 0.836 | ["governance", "family"] | 423 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.058868 | [
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period (2006–2011) ( Ossola and Livesley, 2016 ). Similar to asset ownership, tenancy also modifies how people interact with urban greenspace and the ecological structures therein, particularly in residential landscapes. This is quite stark when considering that apartment tenants with little access to private yards are... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.537 | 0.844 | [] | 473 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.058911 | [
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g in the same neighborhood ( Björk et al. 2008 ). Much of the published research on ecosystem services in urban systems has likened ownership to tenancy ( Dobbs et al. 2013 , Gaston et al. 2013 , Snep et al. 2016 ). At parity of ownership, however, a significant amount of urban greenspace and ecological structures can ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.403 | 0.722 | ["management", "strategy"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.059687 | [
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plex cascading effects on service provision and more research is warranted. As potential mediators of ecosystem services, tenants might not be allowed or have interest to invest resources in practices aimed to enhance service provision (e.g., installation of rain gardens and green roofs, tree plantings, etc.) or even b... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.592 | 0.86 | ["strategy", "management", "career", "war_conflict"] | 511 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.059780 | [
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nancy (i.e., percentage of housing units rented). Figures above bars represent the number of census tracts considered, errors bars are standard errors of the mean (drawn from data in Ossola and Hopton (2018b) ). Individual, civic, and public stewardship Stewardship is a further type of environmental management ( Chapin... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.326 | 0.72 | ["war_conflict", "strategy", "management"] | 505 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.059868 | [
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, Andersson et al. 2014 , Connolly et al. 2014 ). These cover the entire spectrum of ecosystem services ranging from biodiversity conservation ( Asah and Blahna 2013 ) and stormwater management ( Shandas 2015 ), to food production and environmental restoration ( Krasny et al. 2014 ). Stewardship is mostly actioned thro... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.59 | 0.86 | ["philosophy", "communication", "management", "networking", "war_conflict"] | 491 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.059941 | [
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ss sectors ( Fisher et al. 2012 , Connolly et al. 2013 , Romolini et al. 2016b ). These civic stewardship networks can be large and structured, reaching hundreds of organizations as observed in Seattle, WA and Baltimore, MD, where more than 500 groups operate across each city ( Romolini et al. 2013 ). However, stewards... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.455 | 0.862 | ["war_conflict", "networking"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.059997 | [
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issues or socio-ecological functions ( Romolini et al. 2013 , Connolly et al. 2014 ). Participation in stewardship groups is often related to education and economic status ( Shandas 2015 ), thereby further complicating the spatial patterns of how stewardship mediators manage for ecosystem services across urban landscap... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.383 | 0.842 | ["war_conflict", "education", "philosophy"] | 511 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.060046 | [
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y framed through formal statutes, regulations, and laws. Individual stewardship can also take place when people implement environmental actions outside a formal affiliation to stewardship groups or networks ( Hunter and Brown 2012 , Moskell and Allred 2013 , Cerra 2017 ). This type of stewardship can occur on both publ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.552 | 0.856 | ["war_conflict", "philosophy", "networking", "governance", "family"] | 495 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.060099 | [
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scapes in Hawaii and New Zealand ( Niemiec et al. 2016 , Niemiec et al. 2017 ). Whereas stewardship is frequently confused with ownership ( Romolini et al. 2012 ), the former rarely takes place on land directly owned by groups or associations ( Svendsen and Campbell 2008 ). More often, stewardship actions take place on... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.318 | 0.858 | ["war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 447 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.060183 | [
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ividuals or organizations ( Fisher et al. 2012 ). Further, compared to private ownership and tenancy, where individuals manage assets to obtain personal gains, stewardship arises from an altruistic drive directed to benefit others, the entire community, or the environment ( Romolini et al. 2012 , Fisher et al. 2015 ). ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.411 | 0.85 | ["war_conflict", "management", "education"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.060265 | [
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unity engagement, and fundraising ( Svendsen and Campbell 2008 ). Civic stewardship is an effective mechanism to preserve urban socialecological memory and the knowledge capital necessary to sustain ecosystem service provision over time, and thus resilience and adaptive capacity ( Barthel et al. 2010 , Andersson and Ba... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161840/ | The Provision of Urban Ecosystem Services Throughout the Private-Social-Public Domain: A Conceptual Framework - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.484 | 0.852 | ["war_conflict", "strategy", "education"] | 512 | Building External Networks Ecosystems | topic | 2026-04-15T08:09:31.060336 | [
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