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formational, transactional, and charismatic, have taken prominence (Welty Peachey et al., 2015). A response to concerns about the leader-centric focus (sometimes referred to as the hero leader—often propagated by the sports media) has been the emergence of follower-centred perspectives on leadership (Uhl-Bien, Riggio, ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.428 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.478603 | [
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what they called a ‘social construction’ view of leadership, which ‘views leadership as a social, collaborative, relational experience focusing on the idea that leadership emerges from the interactions and constructions of people in a particular context’ (p. 77). It was acknowledged that “leadership models developed in... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.449 | 0.842 | ["leadership", "motivation", "economy", "education"] | 493 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.478674 | [
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h is less relevant for many indigenous cultures). It is potentially these assumptions that have fuelled the preoccupation with the individual leader as the focus of leadership scholarship (Grint, 2005) (p. 80).” The editors also recognise that the diverse contexts and social structures within which leaders operate also... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.619 | 0.864 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.482513 | [
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from the point of view of those less visible within sports management/journals (i.e., women, non-Western societies)’ (p. 80). But the hint of a paradigm shift in sports leadership is not confined to sports management. Work occurring in sports psychology also hints at a conceptual shift that recognises the ‘cultural com... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.417 | 0.864 | ["leadership", "management"] | 510 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.482758 | [
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ologists often working with athletes from diverse cultural backgrounds, the field of sports psychology has ‘been slow to join the dialogue or to learn from’ professional psychology colleagues who have ‘long embraced the integration of cultural practices’ [ 43 ] (p. 283). This lack of engagement was one rationale given ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.545 | 0.836 | ["career", "philosophy"] | 446 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.483579 | [
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11 entitled Culturally Informed Sport Psychology. In the sports coaching literature, there is a growing body of scholarship that focuses on sociocultural competence, cultural context, cultural diversity, cultural awareness, and diversity and inclusion, e.g., [ 20 , 21 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Additionally, there is ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.613 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 447 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.483654 | [
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ft in how leadership is understood and practised. For example, in a study that explored how Olympic athletes viewed the characteristics of their leaders and managers, the athletes identified their least favoured characteristics as being self-focused, haughty self-belief, inauthentic, manipulative, and success-obsessed ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.532 | 0.842 | ["leadership", "management", "education"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.483795 | [
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mble (see [ 50 ]), which is prevalent in sports leadership and is particularly revered in the West, where sports leaders and managers are reluctant to appear collaborative, altruistic, fluid, or remotely vulnerable in the face of complexity, plurality, and uncertainty (see [ 51 , 52 ]). These pathologies are captured b... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.583 | 0.702 | ["leadership", "management", "war_conflict", "economy"] | 477 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.483895 | [
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o business and military rationalities’ [ 53 ] (p. 375) that are so apparent in sports coaching. Gearity explains that these characteristics are supported in neoliberal times because they reflect the view of ‘CEO-coach-as-sovereign’, privileged, self-orientated, and all-powerful (p. 377). Recently, other sports coaching... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.503 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "war_conflict"] | 508 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.483960 | [
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about who makes an effective leader [ 44 , 53 ]. These biases are foundational to the Western leader-centric paradigm that fetishises the podium culture of winning at all costs as the ultimate (and only) predefined and reductive measure of leadership effectiveness. This ‘idealised’ leadership approach is reproduced by ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.685 | 0.854 | ["leadership", "education"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.484031 | [
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els of recruitment, language, learning, and development. Similarly, Rynne and colleagues [ 55 ] advocate for coach developer training to enhance understandings of indigenous participants’ local knowledge systems matched by appropriate instruction. This aligns with what Gearity and colleagues [ 18 ] regard as coach deve... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.621 | 0.846 | ["education", "leadership", "ethics"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.484085 | [
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inning to acknowledge the need for an ethical, nuanced, multilevel analysis of leadership that incorporates not just individuals, dyads, and teams but larger groups, organisations, and systems within cultural contexts, which views leadership as ‘socially constructed’, i.e., leadership as a social, relational, collabora... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.623 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "strategy", "management", "ethics", "economy"] | 456 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.484224 | [
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tural contexts, e.g., [ 42 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. The body of literature supporting this paradigm shift (re)conceptualises sports (coaching) leadership as sociocultural, pedagogical, and indigenous [ 6 ]. Additionally, those researchers whose work reflects the ‘social identity’ paradigm in sports (i.e., race, ethnicity... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.607 | 0.71 | ["leadership", "communication", "social_justice", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.484279 | [
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g., [ 60 , 61 , 62 ], but are also beginning to inform the bourgeoning literature on racio-ethnic issues and the gendered nature of sports leadership, gender equity and institutionalised underrepresentation of women in sports leadership, e.g., [ 59 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ]. These interrelated paradigm shifts represent epi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.561 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "communication", "ethics", "war_conflict"] | 504 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.484332 | [
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ions in sports leadership and constituent fields. Despite the above shifts, much of the discussion of leadership in sports coaching is confusing, and there appear to be assumptions by many that there is a shared understanding of what leadership means. Arguably, this lack of definitional and conceptual coherence [ 67 ] ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.519 | 0.86 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.484401 | [
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] identify as coaches’ second most popular method used to inform their practice. However, Cassidy and colleagues [ 6 ] contend that ‘the relevancy and variability of the quality of the biographies and autobiographies could contribute to the lack of clarity surrounding the discussion of leadership in informal sports coa... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.472 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.484462 | [
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what constitutes diversity and cultural competence and how these concepts are delineated and operationalised [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. While the sociocultural paradigm shifts highlighted above are positive, there remains work to be carried out to understand how sports organisations can leverage differences to become culturally... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.432 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "crisis"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.484518 | [
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a narrowly defined leader–follower exchange paradigm. 3. Beyond Leader–Member Exchange (LMX): A ‘Diverse Leader Member Organisational Exchange’ (DLMOX) Paradigm [ 3 ] Expanding the entrenched (dyadic and dominant) leader–member exchange approach to sports leadership is a key focus of this article. Building on the intro... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.608 | 0.844 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.484572 | [
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le’s ‘diverse leader member organisational exchange’ paradigm (DLMOX) [ 3 ]. First, it is worth saying that, in this section, we explicate a leadership paradigm and not a linear behaviouristic leader trait model with typically discrete specifications. As such, this section is conceptually oriented in keeping with the a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.602 | 0.852 | ["leadership"] | 504 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.484687 | [
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te unit is impossible and unhelpful in any event. Third, because the paradigm is not a prescriptive leadership ‘treatment’ nor a copper-etched system, there is a certain fluidity to how the concepts might apply to the readers’ context. To begin, it is instructive to briefly map out Chin and Trimble’s underlying logic [... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.45 | 0.856 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.484742 | [
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centric), ethnocentric, and gender biased (white and male) and are narrowly defined in terms of other dimensions of social identity (middle class, heteronormative, able-bodied). This has led to a Western leader-centric paradigm that has become the ‘idealised’ universal approach, and this hegemony has gone largely uncha... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.523 | 0.836 | ["leadership", "ethics", "crisis", "social_justice", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.484802 | [
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., social justice), and proliferating heterogeneity. Culturally competent leadership is required as the catalyst for more diverse, responsible, and responsive leadership; The orthodox ‘leader member exchange’ (LMX) orientation is dyadic and lacks an appreciation of the diversity of social identity and lived experience,... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.536 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "social_justice", "philosophy"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.484871 | [
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ganisational contexts (O) is critical in order to transcend the prevailing leader-centric, dyadic, and decontextualised LMX paradigm; Cultural competence, as a catalyst for diversity, occurs across three organisational dimensions: climate (values, norms, policy), core/curriculum (strategy, programmes, operations, conte... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.538 | 0.67 | ["leadership", "strategy", "ethics"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.484931 | [
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ed to expand previous conceptualisations of leadership. 3.1. Challenging the Western Canon of Idealised Leadership Chin and Trimble’s point of departure is that ‘a paradigm for diversity leadership is important… [because] we need to ask new questions, create new paradigms, and identify new dimensions to expand our thin... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.45 | 0.86 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.484981 | [
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he Western canon of ‘idealised’ leadership is that “[w]ith few exceptions the current theories and research on leadership neglect the value of cultural diversity when considering different leadership styles. [They] omit dimensions of diversity in researching how leadership is exercised, and the values effective leaders... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.439 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "ethics"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.485036 | [
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w effective leadership is exercised and the role leaders will play in managing the changes ahead… [the] entrenched models are overwhelmingly ethnocentric, and gender biased. They draw on narrow, cultural-specific knowledge and practices that simply are not relevant for a diverse and global population, nor applicable in... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.585 | 0.854 | ["leadership", "communication", "management", "education"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.485143 | [
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she asks questions about the consequences the ‘entrenched models’ have on our understanding of leadership and what they might mean for people and their communities. She asks questions that focus on who and what ‘is congruent with leadership and being a leader’ before reflecting on the ways in which orthodox models of l... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.426 | 0.694 | ["leadership"] | 457 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.485197 | [
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n those who are already in privileged positions’. She continues by pointing out that so often “[w]e base our principles, policies, and practices on a culture that reinforces values that are held by a dominant group, which mitigates against change, diversity, inclusion, and collaboration. And diversity is not just about... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.457 | 0.872 | ["leadership", "communication", "ethics", "crisis", "salary"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.485291 | [
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then ‘you have to pay attention to those around you; who are the unfavoured category? Effective leaders develop shared outcomes that reflect the diversity and goals of all their people and members’. Having mapped out the general logic and provided the rationale for the DLMOX paradigm [ 3 ], the following discussion foc... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.476 | 0.866 | ["leadership", "salary"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.485356 | [
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sity that can be leveraged throughout the organisation. 3.2. Characteristics, Dimensions, and Prototypes of Diverse Leadership Diverse leaders and members in diverse organisations are at the heart of Chin and Trimble’s multilevel DLMOX paradigm [ 3 ] as they seek to ‘incorporate the ways diversity shapes our understand... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.595 | 0.854 | ["leadership", "interview"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.485416 | [
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ucted with 190 culturally diverse leaders from across the globe, who were asked to describe the characteristics that were most and least important to them in their leadership also [ 69 , 70 , 71 ]. In doing so, the participant leaders identified the following characteristics: Most important : adaptability, integrity, a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.448 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "communication", "ethics", "war_conflict"] | 454 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.485493 | [
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er, dominant, self-centred, and status-conscious. Subsequently, Chin and Trimble [ 3 , 70 , 71 ] identified five ‘dimensions’ of diverse leadership (i.e., constructive, imaginative, principled, synergistic, virtuous) that underpin their non-Western diverse leadership ‘prototypes’ (i.e., Daoist, Silent/Invisible/Relucta... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.593 | 0.672 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.485909 | [
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tuality, collectivism, benevolence, familial affiliations, and the self as inter dependent. Importantly, diverse leaders operate from an ‘affirmative paradigm’, i.e., have courage (to stand up, risk and disrupt), be resilient, maintain integrity, accept the title of leader, be confident (not apologetic for your differe... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.42 | 0.842 | ["leadership", "ethics"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.485987 | [
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netheless see that diverse leadership is a collective and interdependent endeavour rather than the assertive efforts of the individual leader. However, for Chin and Trimble [ 3 ], diversity is more than this; diversity is indeed about inclusion and equity, but at the heart of diverse leadership is cultural competence, ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.424 | 0.856 | ["leadership"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.486061 | [
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[ 3 ] suggest that cultural competence is evident when the organisation pays attention to issues of diversity as well as being intentional and systematic about diversity in its climate (values, norms, policy), core/curriculum (strategy, programmes, operations, content, resources), and composition (leaders and members).... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.427 | 0.694 | ["leadership", "communication", "strategy", "ethics", "salary"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.486114 | [
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ive action, or ad hoc cultural sensitivity training [ 70 , 71 ]. Cultural competence is what the organisation does. Cultural competence, as a catalyst for diverse leadership, is an important driver behind the DLMOX paradigm because it brings leaders, members, and organisations together as diversity is embedded purposef... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.46 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.486166 | [
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me implications of shifting towards a diverse leadership paradigm. 4. Implications and Discussion We now consider the implications, i.e., the significance, tensions, and ramifications of a global and diverse leadership paradigm for the policy, practice, development, and research of leadership, and, indeed, how leadersh... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.43 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.486217 | [
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ity, starts at a conceptual level—to more specific implications. These implications are informed, or otherwise inspired, by the work of Chin and Trimble [ 3 ] and colleagues [ 2 , 72 , 73 ], whose work is implicit in the primer questions chosen to frame the discussion in this section. The primer questions stem from an ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.426 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "motivation", "philosophy"] | 460 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.486269 | [
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hip, and what might constrain diverse leadership? The following (sub)questions have been identified because of their significance for rethinking leadership development. In answering each (sub)question, we discuss corresponding tension and ramifications because these implications are as pressing for leadership across mu... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.518 | 0.808 | ["leadership"] | 411 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.486328 | [
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in sports organisations and sports coaching. 4.1. Am I Constrained as a Leader if My Social Identity, at Least as It Appears on the Surface, Is Not so Obviously Diverse? To answer this question, it is important to recognise two key points. First, ‘lived experience’, as an oft-overlooked dimension of social identity, ma... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.424 | 0.854 | ["leadership"] | 494 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.486480 | [
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ntifiable as other dimensions of social identity. Second, culturally competent leadership requires a level of ‘cultural humility’, which Chin [ 70 ] describes as other-oriented, curious, and humble. Chin [ 70 ] pointedly identifies in her keynote address that ‘if you think you’re culturally competent then you’re not’ b... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.489 | 0.856 | ["leadership", "communication"] | 510 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.487817 | [
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stance that is other-oriented’ (also see [ 19 ]). Without such cultural humility, tensions may arise if it is implied that unless leaders have easily identifiable diverse social identities, then they cannot expect to be diverse leaders. Also, there is the potential for tensions to arise if certain social identities and... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.404 | 0.858 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.487885 | [
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f social identity is that bias and exclusion continue. To this end, acknowledging that life experience is also part of one’s social identity, alongside other dimensions of social identity and their intersectionality, enables diverse leadership and mitigates exclusion and inequity. The next (sub)question of significance... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.554 | 0.698 | ["leadership"] | 493 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.487946 | [
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other Idealised and Dominant Leadership Hegemony? The case for a shift towards the DLMOX paradigm, as we have advocated, starts at the sociocultural levels by problematising the idealised, universalised leadership canon with its (colonial) knowledge hierarchy and its pedagogical processes that legitimate and maintain s... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.466 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "education"] | 509 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.487999 | [
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tern hegemonic bad vs. non-Western diverse good . Jimenez-Luque [ 73 ] captures this tension when he argues that “it is important to clarify that the critique of the hegemony of Western knowledge does not imply that Western epistemology is not valuable. A critical and decolonial perspective means that although Western ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.498 | 0.862 | ["leadership", "education"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.488407 | [
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p, they (1) are not the only ones, (2) only represent a local perspective, and (3) need to acknowledge their position of power and privilege regarding other cultures as a result of colonialism and the epistemicide.” Simply repudiating the Western hegemonic paradigm outright, without understanding it, may unwittingly cr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.611 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "education"] | 463 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.489453 | [
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y dismissed in favour of all that is non-Western. As such, there is an inherent tension and a risk of mirroring in reverse the universalising colonial logic of Western leader-centrism [ 72 ] that we are here trying to advocate against. The ramification of a shift towards diverse leadership for organisations is that ong... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.391 | 0.864 | ["leadership", "war_conflict"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.489533 | [
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its effects will be a critical antecedent to the process of rethinking leadership. Rethinking leadership certainly requires unlearning and decolonising [ 72 , 73 ], though great care should be taken in navigating this choppy passage. This is all easier said than done, but the following (sub)questions might be a useful ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.458 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "education"] | 492 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.490221 | [
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ange, Then How Do We Begin to Rethink Leadership? Implicated in any rethinking enterprise is understanding the views of leaders and members. Understanding the significance of paying attention to all constituents, Chin, Desormeaux, and Sawyer [ 74 ], for example, ran a diverse leadership summit that was predicated on th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.433 | 0.862 | ["leadership", "salary"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.490333 | [
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e dimensions of your identity, and your lived experiences associated with culture and minority status? How do you project the kind of leadership needed for the future, given the rapid change, growing diversity, and increased globalisation in society? The participant responses gave rise to the following four competencie... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.576 | 0.84 | ["leadership"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.490910 | [
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ing a diversity-supportive and inclusive climate. In turn, each competency was underpinned by detailed sets of dimensions (see [ 74 ]). The significance is that rethinking leadership should be collective and socially constructed rather than prescribed or mandated. The ramification of the positional leader ‘going it alo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.48 | 0.832 | ["leadership"] | 448 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.491162 | [
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rthodoxy simply gets reproduced under a new name. Rethinking leadership from a global and diverse perspective should start by asking leaders and members, across dimensions of social identity and lived experience, some foundational questions about (a) the nature of leadership, (b) the role of context, and (c) the congru... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.455 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 424 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.491224 | [
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leadership is construed, enacted, and evaluated. Such rethinking, according to Chin [ 70 ], starts with unlearning and might also include a discussion of the following and their potential ramifications: What and whose knowledge, practices, and behaviours are privileged, propagated, and protected? In what and whose name... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.457 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "education"] | 473 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.491274 | [
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or have been banished from the dominant picture? Is there room for expanded conceptualisations of leadership? Who is missing from the leadership picture, who are the unfavoured categories, and who gets to lead? However, when asking these questions, there will naturally be degrees of scepticism, fear, and rejection, esp... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.414 | 0.702 | ["leadership", "crisis", "war_conflict"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.491327 | [
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se Leadership, Especially for the Command-and-Control-Style Leader and for Those Whom They Lead? Naively expecting dominant in-groups, who may have vested interests in maintaining the status quo, to change their leadership thinking and practice will invariably be accompanied by scepticism and resistance. One obvious im... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.604 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "war_conflict"] | 475 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.491405 | [
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power, influence, authenticity, and credibility. Diverse leadership could be (mis)construed as soft, indecisive, and endlessly acquiescent, and misattribution has real implications if left unchecked. Recognising this tension, Chin and Trimble’s notion of the diverse leader adopting an ‘affirmative paradigm’ [ 3 , 70 , ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.486 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "economy"] | 510 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.491457 | [
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tic, and socially just but at the same time to be unabashed by accepting the title of leader, having the courage to make decisions and to take risks, and embracing difference rather than apologising for it. In the same vein, tensions may arise for members who hold tight to ingrained cultural expectations about what and... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.465 | 0.71 | ["leadership", "decision_making"] | 485 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.491504 | [
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ational, and individual levels (see [ 59 , 64 ]). The potential ramifications of orthodox-style leaders modifying their leadership styles to account for context are that members become concerned about their leader’s authenticity [ 3 , 70 ]. Therefore, pre-empting leader and member expectations and concerns regarding ch... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505424/ | It Is Leadership, but (Maybe) Not as You Know It: Advocating for a Diversity Paradigm in Sports Leadership and Beyond - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.464 | 0.8 | ["leadership"] | 334 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.491554 | [
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erception of nurses, nurse technicians, and LPNs. This is a methodological study, with a quantitative and qualitative approach that had as goal the instrumentation in reference to the construction and validation of measurement instruments, that is, that seeks “the construction and validation of formal quantitative inst... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.343 | 0.84 | ["education", "philosophy"] | 498 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.728829 | [
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1.8 22 2.35 14 25 Give and receive feedback (follower) ** 249 21 22 3.2 9.5 25 Delegate power and exert influence (leader) *** 249 20.99 21 2.75 12 25 Delegate power and exert influence (follower) *** 249 20.3 21.2 3.8 6.5 25 Support the team in reaching the results (leader) **** 249 20.19 21 3.38 6 25 Support the team... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.565 | 0.738 | ["leadership", "management"] | 478 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.729086 | [
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: 0.008; *** p value: 0.165; **** p value: 0.987. In the opinion of the 279 nurses, the QUAPEEL instrument of self-perception of the exercise of leadership was considered fully applicable for 78 (28.0%), applicable for 178 (63.8%), and relatively applicable for 23 (8.2%) nurses. There was no option for the “not applica... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.426 | 0.706 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.729180 | [
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Einstein (Sao Paulo) . 2014 Jan-Mar;12(1):66–74. doi: 10.1590/S1679-45082014AO2888 Show available content in en pt Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing Liderança coaching : questionários de avaliação de percepções de líderes e liderados na enfermagem Maria Lúcia A... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.639 | 0.824 | ["leadership"] | 465 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.729288 | [
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dade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Find articles by Maria Lúcia Alves Pereira Cardoso 1 , Laís Helena Ramos Laís Helena Ramos 1 Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Find articles by Laís Helena Ramos 1 , Maria D'Innocenzo Maria D'Innocenzo 1 Escola Paul... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.503 | 0.864 | ["philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.729374 | [
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notes Copyright and License information 1 Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ✉ Corresponding author: Maria Lúcia Alves Pereira Cardoso – Rua Fábia, 264, room 92 – Vila Romana – Zip code: 05051-030 – São Paulo, SP, Brazil – Phone: (55 11) 3871-5111 – E-mail: enfmaluc... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.495 | 0.838 | ["war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 433 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.729451 | [
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5; Accepted 2013 Nov 14; Issue date 2014 Jan-Mar. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. PMC Copyright notice PMCID: PMC4898242 PMI... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.408 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "innovation"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.729548 | [
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of nurse leaders, nurse technicians, and licensed practical nurses – coached in the practice of leadership and the relation with the dimensions of the coaching process. Methods: This was a methodological study with a quantitative and qualitative approach, which had the goal of instrumentation in reference to the constr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.626 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "family", "education"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.729854 | [
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essment of psychometric properties, subjected to content validation as to clarity, relevance, and applicability in order to validate the propositions through the consensus of judges, using the Delphi technique, in 2010. The final version of the questionnaires was administered to 279 nurses and 608 nurse technicians and... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.372 | 0.848 | ["family", "education"] | 510 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.729940 | [
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self-perception instrument was very high (0.911). The team members' instrument of perception showed that for all determinants and for each dimension of the coaching process, Cronbach's overall alpha value (0.952) was considered quite high, pointing to a very strong consistency of the scale. Confirmatory analysis showed... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.457 | 0.848 | ["management", "education"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.730445 | [
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other study samples, because there was evidence of reliability and applicability. Keywords: Leadership; Nurse's role; Professional practice management; Personnel administration, hospital RESUMO Objetivo: Apresentar o desenvolvimento, a análise de conteúdo e a confiabilidade de dois questionários para avaliar a percepçã... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.508 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "management", "career", "education"] | 474 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.730531 | [
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a relação com as dimensões do processo coaching . Métodos: trata-se de um estudo metodológico, de abordagem quanti-qualitativa, que teve como meta a instrumentação que se refere à construção e à validação de instrumentos de medida. A concepção das proposições dos instrumentos foi fundamentada na literatura sobre lidera... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.595 | 0.852 | [] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.730599 | [
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o objetivo de validar as proposições por meio do consenso de juízes, utilizando a técnica Delphi, em 2010. A versão final dos questionários foi aplicada a 279 enfermeiros e 608 técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem em dois hospitais universitários e dois hospitais privados. Resultados: O valor do alfa de Cronbach com tod... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.493 | 0.862 | [] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.730660 | [
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os determinantes como para cada dimensão do processo coaching , o valor de alfa de Cronbach total (0,952) foi considerado bastante alto, apontando fortíssima consistência da escala. A análise confirmatória demonstrou que os modelos estavam bem ajustados. Conclusão: Pela validação estatística, comparou-se a possibilidad... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.591 | 0.82 | [] | 445 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.730721 | [
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ve evidências de confiabilidade e aplicabilidade. INTRODUCTION Healthcare organizations indicate pathways linked to variables in reference to the threats and opportunities in the current market relationships. These variables are represented by social, educational, legal, technological, cultural, political and other inp... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.41 | 0.836 | ["leadership", "management", "networking", "education"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.730874 | [
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eaders act in a dynamic, orchestrated, and interactive manner, carefully observing transformations of the external environment in order to bring about changes in the internal environment. Leadership is an important factor that generates and applies energy in people, affording them direction and synchronizing their effo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.493 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 481 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.730941 | [
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ts that only indicate where the company has been. Strong leadership makes a good company even stronger, in the same way that weak leadership reduces its potential and with time, destroys it. ( 1 ) Hersey and Blanchard ( 2 ) defined leadership as “the process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group in ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.632 | 0.876 | ["leadership", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.731037 | [
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an individual seeks to influence the behavior of another individual or of a group, relative to their activities within a company, school, or hospital, it can be said that they exercised leadership. Within this approach, organizations need to transform themselves into organizational learning systems, in which team work ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.498 | 0.842 | ["leadership", "education", "management", "philosophy"] | 466 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.731107 | [
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d down and need to be freed, led, and encouraged. Coaching becomes an indispensable tool for selfcorrection of the behavior and of learning within the organization, and the coaches become elements necessary for its implementation. Krausz ( 3 ) has defined coaching as a process that contributes towards transformation of... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.501 | 0.864 | ["education", "ethics", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.731176 | [
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d skills; and expand their readiness to act in a consistent and effective manner. For this reason, it is a constructive mode of provocation, of challenge and stimulation for ongoing development and learning. The coaching process requires an extended organizational preparation, as each leader must be prepared and develo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.493 | 0.832 | ["leadership", "crisis", "war_conflict", "education", "philosophy"] | 463 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.731278 | [
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ch requires a new mentality within organizations. The development of necessary skills for leaders is the objective. In Brazil, the practice of coaching is relatively new, and there are few academic papers that refer to it, especially in the area of health and nursing. Recently, this practice was applied to evaluate the... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.48 | 0.868 | ["leadership", "strategy", "management"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.731363 | [
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dership, we highlight the skills a nurse leader needs: to communicate; to give and receive feedback; to delegate power and exert influence; and to support the team so that the organizational results are reached – all these are dimensions of the coaching process. ( 5 ) The development of leaders is the strategic and ins... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.628 | 0.708 | ["leadership", "management", "communication", "strategy", "philosophy"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.731463 | [
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owers-coachees, in search of concrete results and ongoing performance improvement. However, there is no study that evaluates the perception of nurses, nurse technicians, and licensed practical nurses (LPN) regarding leadership, considering the dimensions of the coaching process. This study used investigative evaluation... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.448 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.731537 | [
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nsions of the coaching process, hoping that the results help in producing specific knowledge and in constructing two quantification instruments for leadership competence in nursing. OBJECTIVE To present the development, content analysis, and reliability of two questionnaires for the assessment of the perception of nurs... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.651 | 0.836 | ["leadership", "education"] | 465 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.731847 | [
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tion with the dimensions of the coaching process. METHODS The methodological procedures proposed for carrying out this investigation are divided into two stages. In the first, the dimensions of coaching leadership were analyzed with a premise related to its determinants, a premise that was constituted from a consensus ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.656 | 0.828 | ["leadership"] | 420 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.731938 | [
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s in this evaluation, using the Delphi technique. The second encompassed outlining the research, with the study field in four large not-for-profit general hospitals located in the city of São Paulo (SP): two of them characterized as university hospitals, and two as private hospitals, during the period from June to Dece... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.429 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "education"] | 436 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.732016 | [
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he instruments, Pasquali's assumptions were used. ( 7 ) According to them, in general, the assessment instruments should be clear, comprehensible, easily applied, and with the possibility of use in various contexts. Ethical aspects The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.337 | 0.836 | ["ethics", "philosophy"] | 450 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.732111 | [
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signed by the participating judges and subjects. Development of the instruments The research instruments were created and based on the experience of the investigator, and the propositions were based on literature about leadership in the light of the theoretical reference of Situational Leadership, by Hersey and Blancha... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.635 | 0.83 | ["leadership"] | 425 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.732202 | [
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on an extensive bibliographic search on coaching. Questionnaires were used and one was directed to nurses (leaders) and entitled Questionnaire on Self-Perception of Nurses of Exercise of Leadership (QUAPEEL, abbreviation in Portuguese – Appendix 1 ). The other questionnaire was for nurse technicians and LPNs (followers... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.454 | 0.834 | ["leadership"] | 468 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.732287 | [
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TAEEL, abbreviation in Portuguese – Appendix 2 ). Both questionnaires contain structured questions and are composed of three parts: the first is formed by sociodemographic data of the subjects; the second, with open- and closed-ended questions relative to the subjects' knowledge about the theme of leadership; and the t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.585 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "education", "philosophy"] | 505 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.732389 | [
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ter is composed by scalar measurement instrument. The scale is a device destined to attribute a numerical score to people, and is frequently incorporated into a questionnaire. ( 6 ) In this study, Likert's scale was used, with six variation fields; the participants were requested to indicate de degree of agreement and ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.518 | 0.854 | ["negotiation", "education"] | 486 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.732478 | [
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general classification of the instruments built. The intent of the question was to evaluate its applicability in healthcare organziations, specifically within the hospital context. The following measurement was used: fully applicable, applicable, relatively applicable, and not applicable. Validity of the content The va... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.282 | 0.848 | ["philosophy"] | 507 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.732594 | [
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rmulation of the criteria that will represent it. Initially, it is an issue of defining the concept and identifying the component dimensions of the concept, and then the criteria are formulated. When the investigator completes this task, he/she submits the tool, or in this case, the instrument to a group of judges cons... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.508 | 0.87 | ["education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.732678 | [
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th knowledge and experience in the area who fulfilled at least two of the following criteria: management, teaching, research, and consulting in the area of nursing and leadership of people, were members of the Brazilian Society of Nursing Management (SOBRAGEN), and had publications on the theme studied. From this group... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.584 | 0.696 | ["management", "leadership", "education"] | 479 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.732767 | [
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g and 19 were nurse managers and nursing leaders. After informal contact, the judges received a letter of invitation and agreement to participate in the study, accompanied by a copy of the instruments and instructions for administrators, and by the number of points of the scores and content validation questionnaires. A... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.542 | 0.856 | ["leadership", "management", "negotiation", "education", "philosophy"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.732892 | [
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hensible, and used unambiguous expressions; as to relevance, if it was significant to know the beliefs of the research participants, the content and pertinence of the statements in each one of the dimensions, as well as the need to include or exclude a proposition. The scalar interval was also evaluated as to being app... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.363 | 0.846 | ["negotiation"] | 460 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.733016 | [
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f 75% agreement among the judges was established. For this, two necessary cycles were performed to reach the minimum values established. After each Delphi technique phase, the data obtained were inserted by the investigator into a Microsoft Excel ® spreadsheet containing the code of the instruments (increasing ordinal ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.355 | 0.862 | ["negotiation", "ethics", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.733111 | [
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to each element, so that all the modifications made were declared, as per the judgment of the proponents. The resulting data from consensus among the judges were analyzed under orientation of a biostatistician and the following methods were used: validation of the instrument by specialists and evaluation of internal co... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.37 | 0.856 | ["decision_making"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.733183 | [
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t the next phase of the investigation occurred: the pre-test. Application of research instruments: pre-test In this phase of the study, it was possible to evidence if the requirements related to the vocabulary and clarity of the questions were adequate, assuring that the study variables were measured. The few suggestio... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.356 | 0.856 | ["education", "resume", "philosophy"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.733245 | [
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ant, favoring the visualization and formatting of the questionnaire. The final version of the questionnaires was applied to 279 nurses and 608 nurse technicians and LPNs working in the medical/surgical clinic admission units, adult intensive care units, adult emergency rooms, operating rooms, and central sterilization ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.525 | 0.836 | ["crisis", "philosophy"] | 462 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.733312 | [
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ppendices 1 and 2 ) were prepared in three parts. The third part had 20 statements, called determinants of the coaching process dimensions; for each dimension, there were four situations based on the skills and attitudes of the nurse leader, graduated in an increasing manner as to the practice of leadership, with score... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.472 | 0.874 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.733377 | [
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and each option of the situation that best represented the exercise of leadership. Four dimensions of the coaching process were evaluated: communication, giving and receiving feedback, delegating power and exerting influence, and support the team to attain the organizational results. The assessment of content validity ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4898242/ | Coaching leadership: leaders' and followers' perception assessment questionnaires in nursing - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.513 | 0.854 | ["leadership", "communication", "management"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:18.733458 | [
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0.11447962373495102,
0.04894... |
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