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ve of therapists who rated their direct supervisor with the Implementation Leadership Scale (ILS) [ 27 ]. The ILS is a 12-item scale that measures leader behaviors relevant to implementation of EBPs with four subscales, including proactive, knowledgeable, supportive, and perseverant. Each item is measured on a continuu... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.444 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "education"] | 444 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.651363 | [
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ting the mean of the items within that dimension. The ILS has demonstrated excellent internal consistency reliability as well as convergent and discriminant validity [ 27 ]. Dependent variables Knowledge of EBPs Therapist knowledge of EBPs was measured using the Knowledge of Evidence-Based Services Questionnaire (KEBSQ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.34 | 0.848 | ["education"] | 498 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.651478 | [
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e knowledge of evidence-based services for youth. Psychometric data suggest temporal stability, discriminative validity, and sensitivity to training [ 51 ]. Attitudes toward EBPs Therapist attitudes toward EBPs were assessed using the Evidence-Based Practice Attitudes Scale (EBPAS) [ 53 ], a 15-item self-report measure... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.376 | 0.842 | ["war_conflict", "family", "education"] | 499 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.651564 | [
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, and divergence between EBPs and usual practice. Each item is measured using a scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 4 (very great extent), and each of the aforementioned subscales represent the average of the items within that factor. Previous studies have demonstrated that the EBPAS has good internal consistency [ 54... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.378 | 0.88 | ["family", "education"] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.651660 | [
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ers from a nationwide sample drawn from 100 organizations in 26 states in the USA. The study provided support for the second-order factor structure of measure, provided further evidence of the reliability of its subscales and total scale, and yielded scale norms based upon a national sample [ 72 ]. Data analysis Organi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.363 | 0.854 | ["negotiation", "education"] | 510 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.651761 | [
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ficient agreement within the organizational unit. We used mean within-group correlation statistics to determine agreement [ 73 , 74 ]. The OSC, ICS, and ILS all had levels of agreement above the recommended 0.60 level [ 74 , 75 ]; thus, individual participant responses within organizations were averaged. Analyses were ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.403 | 0.704 | ["negotiation", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.651861 | [
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els to determine the associations between the predictor variables (organizational characteristics, general and strategic organizational determinants) and dependent variables (knowledge of EBPs and attitudes toward EBPs). All models included random intercepts for organization to account for nesting of therapists within ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.525 | 0.82 | ["strategy", "war_conflict", "education"] | 479 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.651957 | [
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luded age, sex, and years of clinical experience. Organizational characteristics included program size (number of therapists), ratio of independent contractor therapists, organizational culture (proficient, rigid, and resistant), organizational climate (engaged, functional, stressful), implementation climate (EBP focus... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.547 | 0.706 | ["leadership", "motivation", "war_conflict", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.652043 | [
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zed influence [behavior], inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration), and implementation leadership (proactive, knowledgeable, supportive, perseverant). The six dependent variables included knowledge of evidence-based services (KEBSQ) and attitudes toward EBPs (EBPAS; including sc... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.427 | 0.692 | ["leadership", "motivation", "education", "war_conflict"] | 420 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.652140 | [
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openness, and divergence] and the overall total). Results Descriptive statistics Demographic information for the participating therapists is detailed in Table 1 . Of the 22 executive administrators, 11 (50%) were male; they identified as Asian (2 [9%]), Hispanic/Latino (3 [14%]), African American (4 [18%]), white (12 [... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.506 | 0.85 | ["philosophy"] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.652246 | [
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can (6 [17%]), white (20 [56%]), Hispanic/Latino (5 [14%]), other (1 [3%]), or missing ethnicity/race (4 [11%]). Descriptive statistics (medians, interquartile ranges) for the organizational variables (i.e., cumulative years participating in EBP initiatives, program size [number of therapists], proportion of staff empl... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.522 | 0.826 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 472 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.652342 | [
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nd ILS subscales) are shown in Table 2 . Table 1. Therapist demographics ( N = 130) Variable Statistic Race/ethnicity ( n = 123 therapists) Asian 6 (5) African American 27 (22) White 67 (55) Hispanic 13 (11) Multiracial 5 (4) Other 5 (4) Educational background ( n = 124 therapists) Bachelor’s degree 5 (4) Master’s degr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.353 | 0.892 | ["education"] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.652435 | [
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23) Female 99 (76) Age, mean years ( n = 122 therapists) 35 (29–47) Clinical experience, mean years ( n = 122 therapists) 5 (2–10) Employment status ( n = 119 therapists) Independent contractors 67 (56) Salaried 52 (44) Open in a new tab Note . Data are presented as number (percentage) or mean (range) Predictors of the... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.437 | 0.722 | ["education", "career"] | 511 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.652525 | [
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factors and knowledge of EBPs as measured by the KEBSQ. Five organizational variables were associated with knowledge of EBPs. General organizational factors that predicted knowledge included organizational culture, organizational climate, and transformational leadership. More proficient organizational cultures were ass... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.391 | 0.81 | ["education", "leadership", "philosophy"] | 436 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.652617 | [
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res were associated with a decrease in knowledge. More functional organizational climates were associated with a decrease in knowledge of EBPs. Transformational leadership (idealized influence [attributed]) was associated with increased knowledge of EBPs. The only strategic organizational factor that predicted knowledg... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.595 | 0.838 | ["education", "leadership", "strategy", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 508 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.652706 | [
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ciated with decreased knowledge of EBPs. Table 3. Variation in and factors associated with knowledge of ( n = 127) and attitudes toward ( n = 129) evidence-based practices KEBSQ 94.00 (89.50–101) EBPAS Requirements 3.00 (2.00–3.67) EBPAS Appeal 3.25 (2.67–3.75) EBPAS Openness 3.00 (2.50–3.75) EBPAS Divergence 1.25 (0.7... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.561 | 0.692 | ["education", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.652775 | [
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tiatives 1.38 0.05 0.09 −0.06 −0.05 0.03 Program size 0.14 0.00 −0.00 −0.00 −0.00 0.00 Individual contractor ratio −2.81 −0.33 −0.61 0.15 0.23 −0.26 Organizational social context Proficient culture 0.68* −0.04 0.01 −0.04 −0.01 −0.02 Rigid culture 0.11 0.04 0.05* −0.01 0.02 0.02 Resistant culture −0.61* −0.00 −0.03 0.02... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.585 | 0.704 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.652842 | [
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.10 −0.10* 0.00 0.00 −0.05 Transformational leadership Idealized influence (attributed) 10.23* 0.36 −0.16 −0.11 0.51 −0.10 Idealized influence (behavior) −4.18 0.46 0.56 −0.00 1.06 −0.01 Inspirational motivation −0.66 0.21 0.79 0.16 −0.88* 0.51 Intellectual stimulation 1.74 −0.40 0.03 0.19 −0.50 0.08 Individual conside... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.643 | 0.69 | ["leadership", "motivation", "strategy", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.652913 | [
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.04 Educational support 3.18 1.95** 1.12* 0.16 −1.06* 1.07** Recognition team 7.90 −0.38 −0.34 −0.10 −0.25 −0.14 Reward team −8.51* −0.32 −0.23 0.12 0.63* −0.27 Staff selection 4.40 −1.62 −1.19 −0.25 0.50 −0.89 Selection openness −3.77 0.60 1.05* 0.06 −0.38 0.52 Implementation leadership Proactive −4.30 1.50 1.17* 0.57... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.598 | 0.706 | ["leadership", "management", "education", "war_conflict"] | 499 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.652989 | [
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1.94* −0.46 0.91 −1.49** Open in a new tab Note . Values associated with the dependent variables in row 1 represent medians and interquartile ranges. These models also control for individual-level demographics, including gender, age, and years of experience *<0.05; **<0.01 Predictors of therapists’ attitudes toward evi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.363 | 0.696 | ["war_conflict", "ethics"] | 511 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.653057 | [
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factors and attitudes toward EBPs as measured by the EBPAS. General organizational factors that predicted attitudes toward EBPs included organizational culture, organizational climate, and transformational leadership. Organizational cultures characterized by higher rigidity ratings were associated with higher levels of... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.554 | 0.832 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 511 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.653127 | [
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ates that were more engaged were associated with higher total EBPAS scores. Transformational leadership also predicted attitudes toward EBPs. Inspirational motivation was associated with lower levels of perceived divergence. Individual consideration was associated with lower levels of appeal and total EBPAS scores. Bot... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.602 | 0.814 | ["leadership", "motivation", "war_conflict", "strategy", "philosophy"] | 451 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.653194 | [
0.02531658485531807,
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ership) were predictive of attitudes toward EBPs. Implementation climates characterized by higher levels of educational support were positively associated with higher ratings for requirements, appeal, and total attitudes toward EBPs, and negatively associated with divergence. Implementation climates that provided more ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.548 | 0.83 | ["war_conflict", "education"] | 504 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.653263 | [
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e) was positively associated with appeal of EBPs. Proactive implementation leadership was associated with higher levels of appeal and total attitudes toward EBPs. Knowledgeable implementation leadership was associated with lower levels of perceived divergence. Finally, perseverant implementation leadership was associat... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.58 | 0.808 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "education"] | 423 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.653338 | [
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ements, appeal, and total attitudes toward EBPs). Discussion This observational, cross-sectional study contributes to our understanding of how organizational factors are associated with clinician-level determinants of implementation in behavioral health [ 43 , 48 , 56 , 76 ]. It confirms that both general and strategic... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.544 | 0.846 | ["war_conflict", "education", "strategy"] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.653405 | [
0.05274178832769394,
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organizational culture, organizational climate, transformational leadership) and strategic (implementation climate, implementation leadership) constructs was associated with knowledge of or attitudes toward EBPs in the hypothesized direction. Associations between general organizational factors and knowledge and attitud... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.611 | 0.82 | ["leadership", "education", "strategy", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 511 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.653491 | [
0.06504089385271072,
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... | ||
s proficient cultures are characterized by having up-to-date knowledge of best practices [ 36 , 37 ]. Conversely, resistant organizational cultures were associated with less knowledge of EBPs. This relationship is intuitive, as therapists working in resistant cultures are expected to show little interest in new ways of... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.396 | 0.842 | ["education", "networking"] | 444 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.653562 | [
0.03761415556073189,
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and obtain new knowledge related to EBPs [ 36 ]. Organizational climates that were more engaged were associated with higher overall attitudes toward EBPs. Engaged climates are characterized by therapists’ perceptions that they are able to personally accomplish worthwhile things, remain personally involved in their work... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.39 | 0.852 | ["war_conflict", "education"] | 510 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.653635 | [
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s to orient toward personal growth and to nurture more positive attitudes toward EBPs. Organizational climates that were characterized as stressful were associated with lower ratings for appeal of EBPs. This is not surprising, as stressful climates are characterized by employees who feel exhausted, overworked, and unab... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.545 | 0.842 | ["war_conflict", "education"] | 456 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.653702 | [
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t of learning about or using EBPs less appealing. More functional organizational climates were associated with lower knowledge of EBPs and lower appeal of EBPs. While this may seem counterintuitive, there does not seem to be as direct of a theoretical relationship between functional climates (i.e., those in which thera... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.426 | 0.86 | ["education", "networking", "career", "war_conflict"] | 490 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.653772 | [
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or other constructs, such as proficient cultures. Moreover, if therapists in more functional climates believe that they already have what they need to provide quality services and that the organization is functioning well without EBPs, they may not feel motivated to pursue EBPs. Transformational leadership (idealized i... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.428 | 0.848 | ["motivation", "leadership", "war_conflict", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.653844 | [
0.00937044620513916,
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s perceived divergence between EBPs and usual practice. Transformational leaders inspire others and provide them a vision for what can be accomplished through extra personal effort and also encourage development and changes in mission that may lead therapists to have greater willingness to expend extra effort to learn ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.594 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "strategy", "motivation", "career"] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.653913 | [
-0.004609405528753996,
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0.0... | ||
with lower appeal and overall attitudes toward EBPs. One potential reason for this is that leaders who are more likely to focus on individual consideration may be more focused on the individual developmental needs of their therapists, some of which may be focused on more specific areas of development (e.g., diagnostic ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.571 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 442 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.653979 | [
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ry [ 77 ]) that may detract from a focus on EBPs. Associations between strategic organizational factors and knowledge and attitudes Implementation climates that provided more educational support were associated with more positive attitudes toward EBPs, including higher ratings for being likely to adopt EBPs if they wer... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.439 | 0.84 | ["war_conflict", "education", "strategy"] | 477 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.654116 | [
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and more positive overall attitudes toward EBPs. The educational support dimension of the ICS includes items about support for conferences, workshops, seminars, EBP trainings, training materials, and journals [ 26 ]. Enabling therapists to access these types of resources may give them opportunities to learn about EBPs ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.507 | 0.848 | ["war_conflict", "education"] | 480 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.654189 | [
-0.05283262953162193,
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0... | ||
their preferred ways of working therapeutically. Implementation climates that were characterized by selecting staff who were more flexible, adaptable, and open to new interventions where associated with higher levels of the EBPAS subscale focusing on openness to EBPs. Implementation climates that fostered more financia... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.538 | 0.836 | ["war_conflict", "education"] | 476 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.654274 | [
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of divergence between EBPs and routine practice. It is important to note that rewards for EBPs were rated extremely low in this sample of therapists and agencies (i.e., very limited range); however, it may be that providing financial reward for EBPs was more prevalent when knowledge of EBPs was low and that it could re... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.338 | 0.862 | ["war_conflict", "motivation", "education"] | 510 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.654348 | [
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e therapists’ intrinsic motivation to learn about EBPs [ 78 ]. Finally, more proactive implementation leadership was associated with greater appeal and more positive total EBPAS scores, and implementation leadership characterized as more knowledgeable was associated with less perceived divergence between EBPs and routi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.572 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "education", "motivation"] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.654419 | [
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encourage therapists to view EBPs as a potentially feasible complement to their practice and dissuade them from thinking that EBPs are irrelevant or invalid treatment options. Perseverant implementation leadership was associated with lower willingness to adopt EBPs if required, less appeal of EBPs, and poorer overall a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.389 | 0.856 | ["leadership", "crisis", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.654494 | [
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e to working in agencies comprised of therapists with poorer attitudes toward EBPs. It is also possible that the perseverance of leaders is being interpreted negatively by therapists, as they may perceive that leaders are being too dogmatic in attempting to implement EBPs in the face of all of the challenges associated... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.55 | 0.704 | ["leadership", "crisis", "war_conflict"] | 470 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.654564 | [
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listening to or validating their concerns [ 15 ]. Limitations These findings should be viewed in light of several limitations. First, while we obtained a relatively high response rate (~50% of therapists employed at the 23 agencies), we did not have 100% participation and it is possible that nonparticipants’ views of t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.336 | 0.852 | [] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.654634 | [
0.05108942463994026,
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how the organizational context influences attitudes toward and knowledge of EBPs over time. Third, the organizations and therapists participating in this study were implementing a range of treatments, not all of which would be considered evidence-based. Variation in exposure to EBPs may have impacted their attitudes to... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.357 | 0.846 | ["education", "war_conflict"] | 494 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.654707 | [
0.035368744283914566,
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of either attitudes toward or knowledge of EBPs. Fourth, given the observational nature of this study and the inherent variation in the types of treatments implemented in community settings, we were unable to obtain objective ratings of fidelity. The variation in treatments implemented also precluded our ability to use... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.518 | 0.836 | ["education", "innovation", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 430 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.654781 | [
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may have greater predictive validity [ 24 , 44 ]. Future directions This study suggests several important directions for the field. Improving our understanding of context will require continued efforts to develop and refine pragmatic measures of implementation determinants that would be relevant to behavioral health an... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.54 | 0.862 | ["education"] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.654848 | [
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easures in implementation science, and there are an increasing number of measures in behavioral health and implementation research that are free, brief, and validated [ 25 – 27 , 80 , 81 ]. Efforts to document the predictive validity of measures are particularly needed [ 29 , 30 ]. The mounting evidence of the impact o... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.535 | 0.846 | [] | 467 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.654909 | [
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ore explicitly target the organizational context. Opportunities to develop, refine, and test organizational-level implementation strategies abound [ 82 , 83 ], as a recent Cochrane review of interventions to improve organizational culture in health care returned no studies that met the inclusion criteria [ 84 ]. In beh... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.375 | 0.854 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.654994 | [
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l Change (LOCI) [ 49 ] interventions demonstrate the utility of implementation strategies that target organizational factors, and serve as exemplars for the development of interventions that will allow organizations and systems | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429548/ | Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.536 | 0.764 | [] | 227 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.655059 | [
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” along with their corresponding response counts. The starred (*) verbs were cited by SMEs in both the tactical and the strategic verbs. The second column (# of responses ) lists the number of times SME listed the verb as an example of strategic behavior. The third column (# of references in def.s for other strategic v... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.573 | 0.85 | ["strategy"] | 427 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.866735 | [
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November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: An Informal Study Paul C. Schutte Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia The NASA STI Program Office . . . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the advancement of aeronautics and space science. The NASA Scientific and Tech... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.413 | 0.828 | ["philosophy", "strategy", "education"] | 421 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.867080 | [
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art in helping NASA maintain this important role. The NASA STI Program Office is operated by Langley Research Center, the lead center for NASA’s scientific and technical information. The NASA STI Program Office provides access to the NASA STI Database, the largest collection of aeronautical and space science STI in the... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.499 | 0.84 | ["philosophy"] | 459 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.867228 | [
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sults of its research and development activities. These results are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which includes the following report types: • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of completed research or a major significant phase of research that present the results of NASA programs and include extensive ... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.513 | 0.84 | ["philosophy"] | 476 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.867375 | [
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ation deemed to be of continuing reference value. NASA counterpart of peer- reviewed formal professional papers, but having less stringent limitations on manuscript length and extent of graphic presentations. • TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific and technical findings that are preliminary or of specialized interest, e.g.... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.494 | 0.676 | ["communication", "career", "philosophy"] | 470 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.867525 | [
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contain extensive analysis. • CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and technical findings by NASA-sponsored contractors and grantees. • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected papers from scientific and technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other meetings sponsored or co-sponsored by NASA. • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific,... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.507 | 0.67 | ["philosophy"] | 492 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.867655 | [
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tantial public interest. • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- language translations of foreign scientific and technical material pertinent to NASA’s mission. Specialized services that complement the STI Program Office’s diverse offerings include creating custom thesauri, building customized databases, organizing and publi... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.504 | 0.684 | ["diplomacy", "family", "philosophy"] | 511 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.867802 | [
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STI Program Home Page at http://www.sti.nasa.gov • E-mail your question via the Internet to help@sti.nasa.gov • Fax your question to the NASA STI Help Desk at (301) 621-0134 • Phone the NASA STI Help Desk at (301) 621-0390 • Write to: NASA STI Help Desk NASA Center for AeroSpace Information 7121 Standard Drive Hanover,... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.568 | 0.854 | ["strategy", "family", "philosophy"] | 511 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.867947 | [
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213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: An Informal Study Paul C. Schutte Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia Available from: NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI) National Technical Information Service (NTIS) 7121 Standard Drive 5285 Port Royal Road Hanover, MD 21076-1320 Springfield, VA 22161-2171... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.431 | 0.838 | ["philosophy", "strategy", "education"] | 489 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.868084 | [
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ribe behaviors and activities on the flight deck. Jonnson and Ricks (Jonsson & Ricks, 1993) found that pilots tended to categorize flight deck information along a tactical and strategic dimension. Tactical behaviors are generally considered to be near-term, dynamic activities while strategic behaviors are generally con... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.452 | 0.844 | ["strategy", "philosophy"] | 495 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.868207 | [
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rategic vary depending on context and individual. In personal conversations with designers at US airframe and avionics manufacturers, the designers have claimed that the Flight Management System (FMS) and the Cockpit Display Unit (CDU) have been designed primarily for strategic use and the control inceptor (either whee... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.507 | 0.824 | ["strategy", "management"] | 425 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.868339 | [
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panel (MCP) are to be used for tactical activity. Designers reason that the FMS CDU (a device located in the lower center of the flight deck that uses a keyboard interface) is for strategic use because it requires the pilot to divert his attention from the primary flight display (PFD) and take his hands off of the cont... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.457 | 0.85 | ["strategy", "philosophy"] | 422 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.868471 | [
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control of the aircraft while operating the FMS. Does the FMS exclusively provide controls and display for strategic behavior and the PFD, inceptor, throttle, and MCP exclusively provide controls and display for tactical behavior? Before this question can be answered, we need to have a better understanding of what is m... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.394 | 0.848 | ["strategy"] | 476 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.868625 | [
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ed. The definitions are assumed to be understood. While many people claim to understand the terms, do they agree on the definition? Can the definitions be put into crisp terms? The obvious place to begin to look is the dictionary. However, standard dictionary definitions do little to shed light on this distinction. Tac... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.364 | 0.878 | ["war_conflict"] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.868755 | [
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sing or being weapons or forces employed at the battlefront <tactical missiles> b of an air force : of, relating to, or designed for air attack in close support of friendly ground forces 2 a : of or relating to tactics : as (1) : of or relating to small-scale actions serving a larger purpose (2) : made or carried out w... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.552 | 0.746 | ["strategy", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.868890 | [
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arked by strategy <a strategic retreat> 2 a : necessary to or important in the initiation, conduct, or completion of a strategic plan b : required for the conduct of war and not available in adequate quantities domestically <strategic materials> c : of great importance within an integrated whole or to a planned effect ... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.595 | 0.718 | ["strategy", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.869022 | [
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egic bomber> (Merriam, 1976) For tactical, definition 2a seems closest to how the term is used in aviation. For strategic, 2c seems most appropriate. However, these definitions do not imply dichotomy or an exclusiveness between tactical and strategic. For example, both definitions talk of planning. Could this overlap i... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.463 | 0.856 | ["strategy", "education"] | 509 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.869163 | [
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and strategic behavior based on verb descriptors. An informal survey was given to subject matter experts (SME) in the aviation domain. These included pilots, avionics designers, airframers, and researchers. The SMEs were asked to list five verbs that described “tactical behavior” and five verbs that described “strategi... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.39 | 0.846 | ["strategy", "philosophy"] | 507 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.869378 | [
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the questionnaire. Seventeen subjects responded. Eleven of the respondents were NASA researchers in the flight deck and flight management areas. Five respondents were flight deck designers for major US aircraft manufacturers. Two respondents were designers for a US avionics manufacturer. One respondent was a retired pi... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.508 | 0.676 | ["management"] | 421 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.869512 | [
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t had at least a private pilot instrument rating. Sixteen of the respondents were natives of the Unitied States with English as their first language. One respondent was a German-born US citizen whose first language was German but was fluent in English. Appendix A provides a brief description of each SME. Questionnaire ... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.511 | 0.854 | ["education"] | 463 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.869637 | [
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week. Thank you for participating in this study. I am interested in better defining the meanings of the terms tactical and strategic with regard to flight deck operations and behaviors. To that end I am soliciting your opinions regarding these terms. Please respond to the instructions below. For 'TACTICAL', please writ... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.586 | 0.87 | ["strategy", "education"] | 511 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.869766 | [
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For 'STRATEGIC', please write down the first five verbs that come to your mind. Then write down a sentence or two describing what strategic behavior is on the flight deck Results Verb Descriptions As is often the case in such surveys, not all SMEs responded with five verbs and some responded with adjectives and adverbs... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.588 | 0.846 | ["strategy"] | 452 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.869894 | [
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rbs based on their definitions in the dictionary. There were eight verbs that appeared in both tactical and strategic descriptions. These were evaluate, decide, react, navigate, perceive, manage, direct, and get information. Many of the other verbs had similar meaning such as do, perform, and act. To address these simi... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.376 | 0.846 | ["philosophy", "communication", "strategy", "decision_making"] | 479 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.870021 | [
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verbs were used in the definition of other verbs. Table 1 lists all the verbs that were listed by the SMEs as describing strategic behavior along with their corresponding definitions. If a verb was directly mentioned or alluded to in the defintion of another strategic verb, it is printed in a bold font. Nouns and adjec... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.542 | 0.868 | ["strategy"] | 497 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.870146 | [
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and intended were mapped to the verb to intend). Table 2 presents the same verbs along with the number of times that verb was directly cited by SMEs, the number of times that the verb appeared (or was alluded to) in a definition for other strategic verbs, and the number of times that the verb was listed either directly... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.517 | 0.886 | ["strategy"] | 505 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.870275 | [
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e definition for know), it was only counted once. Tables 3 and 4 contain the corresponding data for the tactical verbs. The starred (*) verbs are those found in both tactical and strategic descriptions. 3 TABLE 1 Verbs describing “strategic behavior” along with the corresponding definitions. If a strategic verb is cite... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.556 | 0.868 | ["strategy"] | 495 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.870411 | [
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MEs in both the tactical and the strategic verbs. Verb Definitions plan 1. To formulate a scheme or program for the accomplishment, enactment, or attainment of 2. To have as a specific aim or purpose; intend 3. To draw or make a graphic representation of think 1. To have or formulate in the mind 2. a. To reason about o... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.61 | 0.732 | ["philosophy", "communication", "strategy", "decision_making"] | 486 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.870542 | [
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ve; suppose 5. a. To expect; hope b. To intend 6. To call to mind; remember 7. To visualize; imagine 8. To devise or evolve; invent 9. To bring into a given condition by mental preoccupation 10. To concentrate one's thoughts on evaluate * 1. To ascertain or fix the value or worth of 2. To examine and judge carefully; a... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.554 | 0.71 | [] | 456 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.870646 | [
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pate 1. To feel or realize beforehand; foresee 2. To look forward to, especially with pleasure; expect 3. To act in advance so as to prevent; forestall 4. To foresee and fulfill in advance 5. To cause to happen in advance; accelerate prioritize 1. To arrange or deal with in order of importance 2. To put things in order... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.513 | 0.732 | ["decision_making", "war_conflict"] | 500 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.870784 | [
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. To cause to make or reach a decision project 1. To thrust outward or forward 2. To throw forward; hurl 3. To send out into space; cast 4. To cause (an image) to appear on a surface 5. To form a plan or an intention for 6. To calculate, estimate, or predict (something in the future), based on present data or trends op... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.514 | 0.742 | ["war_conflict", "decision_making", "philosophy"] | 487 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.870987 | [
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specific purpose, as for an event or occasion 2. To put together or make by combining various elements or ingredients; manufacture or compound 3. To fit out; equip get info * No explicit definition available react * 1. To act in response to or under the influence of a stimulus or prompting 2. To act in opposition to a ... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.507 | 0.866 | ["philosophy"] | 457 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.871153 | [
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nal 2. To interpret from a rational standpoint 3. To devise self-satisfying but incorrect reasons for (one's behavior) 4 navigate * 1. To plan, record, and control the course and position of (a ship or an aircraft) 2. To follow a planned course on, across, or through devise To form, plan, or arrange in the mind; design... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.553 | 0.872 | ["philosophy"] | 454 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.871290 | [
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an or appoint for a certain time or date learn 1. To gain knowledge, comprehension, or mastery of through experience or study 2. To fix in the mind or memory; memorize 3. a. To acquire experience of or an ability or a skill in b. To become aware 4. To become informed of; find out know 1. To perceive directly; grasp in ... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.544 | 0.742 | ["education", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 498 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.871435 | [
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ce; be skilled in 4. To have fixed in the mind 5. To have experience of 6. a. To perceive as familiar; recognize b. To be acquainted with 7. To be able to distinguish; recognize as distinct 8. To discern the character or nature of compare 1. To consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous; liken 2. To examine i... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.386 | 0.736 | ["philosophy"] | 507 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.871577 | [
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ut 2. To give a name or title to; characterize 3. To select and set aside for a duty, an office, or a purpose map 1. a. To make a map of b. To depict as if on a map 2. To explore or make a survey of (a region) for the purpose of making a map 3. To plan or delineate, especially in detail; arrange arrange 1. To put into ... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.513 | 0.658 | ["negotiation", "philosophy"] | 495 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.871714 | [
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o put into effect; carry out 2. To perform; do 3. To create in accordance with a prescribed design 4. To make valid, as by signing 5. To perform or carry out what is required by predict To state, tell about, or make known in advance, especially on the basis of special knowledge monitor 1. To check the quality or conten... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.363 | 0.886 | ["philosophy", "war_conflict", "education"] | 510 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.871840 | [
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ch as military, political, or illegal activity 3. To keep track of systematically with a view to collecting information 4. a. To test or sample on a regular or ongoing basis b. To test (air or an object's surface, for example) for radiation intensity 5. To keep close watch over; supervise 6. To direct think ahead No ex... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.341 | 0.726 | ["war_conflict", "philosophy", "rhetoric"] | 498 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.871979 | [
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to one's authority, discipline, or persuasion 3. To direct the affairs or interests of 4. To succeed in accomplishing or achieving, especially with difficulty; contrive or arrange elaborate 1. To work out with care and detail; develop thoroughly 2. To produce by effort; create 5 establish 1. a. To set up; found b. To b... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.555 | 0.72 | ["crisis", "economy", "rhetoric"] | 479 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.872112 | [
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cure 3. To cause to be recognized and accepted 4. To introduce and put (a law, for example) into force 5. To prove the validity or truth of proceduralize No explicit definition available order 1. To issue a command or an instruction to 2. To give a command or an instruction for 3. To direct to proceed as specified 4. T... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.303 | 0.712 | ["governance", "philosophy"] | 434 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.872261 | [
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methodical, systematic arrangement perceive * 1. To become aware of directly through any of the senses, especially sight or hearing. 2. To achieve understanding of; apprehend consider 1. To think carefully about 2. To think or deem to be; regard as 3. To form an opinion about; judge 4. To take into account; bear in min... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.348 | 0.708 | ["philosophy", "war_conflict"] | 459 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.872380 | [
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mprehend the nature and significance of; grasp 2. To know thoroughly by close contact or long experience with 3. a. To grasp or comprehend the meaning intended or expressed by another b. To comprehend the language, sounds, form, or symbols of 4. To know and be tolerant or sympathetic toward 5. To learn indirectly, as b... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.331 | 0.714 | ["philosophy", "war_conflict"] | 460 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.872540 | [
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or a meaning, for example) mentally integrate 1. To make into a whole by bringing all parts together; unify 2. a. To join with something else; unite b. To make part of a larger unit plot 1. To represent graphically, as on a chart 2. To conceive and arrange the action and incidents of formulate 1. a. To state as or redu... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.357 | 0.742 | ["philosophy"] | 508 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.872665 | [
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re 1. To seek information by asking a question 2. To make an inquiry or investigation rehearse 1. a. To practice in preparation for a public performance b. To direct in rehearsal 2. To perfect or cause to perfect (an action) by repetition 3. a. To retell or recite b. To list or enumerate direct * 1. To manage or conduc... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.523 | 0.742 | ["philosophy", "war_conflict"] | 493 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.872801 | [
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a goal; aim 5. To show or indicate the way for 6. To cause to move in or follow a straight path 7. To indicate the intended recipient on (a letter, for example) 8. To address or adapt (remarks, for example) to a specific person, audience, or purpose 9. a. To give guidance and instruction to (actors or musicians, for ex... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.364 | 0.738 | ["philosophy", "communication"] | 507 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.872945 | [
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make less extreme, severe, or strong allocate 1. To set apart for a special purpose; designate 2. To distribute according to a plan; allot 6 intend 1. To have in mind; plan 2. a. To design for a specific purpose b. To have in mind for a particular use 3. To signify or mean analyze To separate into parts or basic princi... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.432 | 0.87 | ["strategy", "philosophy"] | 483 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.873068 | [
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r alluded to in other strategic verb definitions. The fourth column (# of references in def.s for tactical verbs ) lists the number of times this verb was mentioned or alluded to in the tactical verb definitions (Table 3). Verb # of responses # of references in def.s for other strategic verbs # of references in def.s f... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.586 | 0.82 | ["strategy", "decision_making"] | 512 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.873195 | [
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re 1 2 1 get info * 1 0 1 react * 1 0 2 rationalize 1 0 0 navigate * 1 0 1 devise 1 3 0 schedule 1 0 0 learn 1 1 0 know 1 1 2 compare 1 0 0 get ready 1 0 0 designate 1 1 0 map 1 0 0 arrange 1 6 1 execute 1 0 1 predict 1 1 0 monitor 1 0 0 think ahead 1 0 0 manage * 1 1 2 elaborate 1 0 0 establish 1 0 0 proceduralize 1 0... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.428 | 0.702 | ["economy", "philosophy"] | 511 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.873328 | [
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ct * 1 4 6 modify 1 0 0 allocate 1 0 0 intend 1 5 0 analyze 1 0 0 TABLE 3 Verbs describing “tactical behavior” along with the corresponding definitions. If a tactical verb is cited or alluded to in the definition of another tactical verb, it is printed in bold font. The starred (*) verbs were cited by SMEs in both the ... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.554 | 0.89 | ["strategy"] | 481 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.873470 | [
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nswer. 3. To react positively or favorably act 1. To behave or comport oneself 2. To perform in a dramatic role or roles 3. To be suitable for theatrical performance 4. To behave affectedly or unnaturally; pretend 5. To appear or seem to be 6. To carry out an action 7. To operate or function in a specific way 8. To ser... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.479 | 0.734 | ["philosophy"] | 472 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.873596 | [
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under the influence of a stimulus or prompting 2. To act in opposition to a former condition or act 3. To act reciprocally or in return do 1. a. To perform or execute b. To fulfill the requirements of c. To carry out; commit 2. a. To produce, especially by creative effort b. To play the part or role of in a creative pr... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.511 | 0.652 | ["innovation", "philosophy"] | 482 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.873726 | [
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such a way as to take care of or put in order b. To prepare for further use especially by washing 6. To have as an occupation or a profession 7. To work out by studying fly1 1. To engage in flight, especially a. To move through the air by means of wings or winglike parts b. To travel by air c. To operate an aircraft or... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.336 | 0.658 | ["career", "education"] | 482 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.873856 | [
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or be sent through the air with great speed 4. a. To move with great speed; rush or dart b. To flee; escape c. To hasten; spring control 1. To exercise authoritative or dominating influence over; direct 2. To hold in restraint; check 3. a. To verify or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experim... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.354 | 0.72 | [] | 480 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.873966 | [
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for comparison avoid 1. To stay clear of; shun 2. To keep from happening maneuver 1. To alter the tactical placement of (troops or warships) 2. To direct through a series of movements or changes in course 3. To manipulate into a desired position or toward a predetermined goal 8 evaluate * 1. To ascertain or fix the val... | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20040191538/downloads/20040191538.pdf | November 2004 NASA/TM-2004-213024 Definitions of Tactical and Strategic: | ntrs.nasa.gov | public_domain | false | 0.546 | 0.714 | ["war_conflict"] | 465 | Strategic Thinking Leadership | topic | 2026-03-31T17:45:45.874102 | [
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0.06627702713012695,
0.04075184091925621,
-0.03465784341096878,
0.07572153955698013,
-0.0063226... |
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